WO2023077088A1 - Matériau adsorbant à base de graphène pour épurateur relié par un orifice de purge à un absorbeur de vapeurs de carburant et formant une partie d'un système de gestion de vapeurs de carburant de véhicule pour empêcher des émissions de vapeurs de purge et produire des restrictions de débits faibles - Google Patents

Matériau adsorbant à base de graphène pour épurateur relié par un orifice de purge à un absorbeur de vapeurs de carburant et formant une partie d'un système de gestion de vapeurs de carburant de véhicule pour empêcher des émissions de vapeurs de purge et produire des restrictions de débits faibles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023077088A1
WO2023077088A1 PCT/US2022/078909 US2022078909W WO2023077088A1 WO 2023077088 A1 WO2023077088 A1 WO 2023077088A1 US 2022078909 W US2022078909 W US 2022078909W WO 2023077088 A1 WO2023077088 A1 WO 2023077088A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
graphene
canister
derivative
scrubber
nylon
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2022/078909
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Murali CHANDRASEKHAR
Anindya Banerji
Pragathi Darapaneni
Cory DOBLE
Original Assignee
Martinrea International US Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US17/975,107 external-priority patent/US20230134553A1/en
Application filed by Martinrea International US Inc. filed Critical Martinrea International US Inc.
Priority to CN202280073397.XA priority Critical patent/CN118215532A/zh
Priority to MX2024005212A priority patent/MX2024005212A/es
Priority to KR1020247018333A priority patent/KR20240105410A/ko
Priority to EP22813063.9A priority patent/EP4426470A1/fr
Priority to CA3235244A priority patent/CA3235244A1/fr
Publication of WO2023077088A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023077088A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B01J20/205—Carbon nanostructures, e.g. nanotubes, nanohorns, nanocones, nanoballs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/261—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/262—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28042—Shaped bodies; Monolithic structures
    • B01J20/28045—Honeycomb or cellular structures; Solid foams or sponges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/2805—Sorbents inside a permeable or porous casing, e.g. inside a container, bag or membrane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/20—Organic adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/20—Organic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/202—Polymeric adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/25—Coated, impregnated or composite adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
    • B01D2257/7022—Aliphatic hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4516—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for fuel vapour recovery systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • B60K15/03504—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means adapted to avoid loss of fuel or fuel vapour, e.g. with vapour recovery systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/0321—Fuel tanks characterised by special sensors, the mounting thereof
    • B60K2015/03217—Fuel level sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • B60K15/03504—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means adapted to avoid loss of fuel or fuel vapour, e.g. with vapour recovery systems
    • B60K2015/03514—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means adapted to avoid loss of fuel or fuel vapour, e.g. with vapour recovery systems with vapor recovery means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/30—Sensors
    • B60Y2400/306—Pressure sensors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to adsorbent materials incorporated into an EVAP emissions management system. More particularly, the present invention discloses a graphene based adsorbent scrubber material utilized in combination with an EVAP canister for reducing bleed emissions, this resulting from lack of absorptive capacity of the canister, and which provides the features of higher surface area, along with better adsorption/desorption capabilities.
  • Automotive Evaporative Emission Control Technology prevents volatile organic compounds (VOC’s), such as vaporized hydrocarbons, from escaping into the atmosphere and meeting the EPA/CARB standard under LEV II/LEV III emission standards.
  • VOC volatile organic compounds
  • Evaporative emissions have no color thereby posing risk of escaping unnoticed. If allowed to escape these vaporized hydrocarbons will react with air in presence of sunlight and generate smog that is harmful to human population and the eco-system at large.
  • the major sources for evaporative emissions can be traced to refueling and diurnal related emissions. During refueling, when new fuel is added to the automobile gasoline tank from the dispenser nozzle, vaporized hydrocarbons that are displaced from the gasoline tank are vented into the canister. Diurnal emissions occur due to fuel vapors generated as a result of temperature fluctuations during the day and night.
  • the canister contains an adsorbent material such as a high surface area (activated) carbon.
  • adsorbent material such as a high surface area (activated) carbon.
  • Gasoline vapors primarily composed of hydrocarbon molecules such as butanes and pentanes are attracted to the non-polar surface of the activated carbon and, as a result, are temporarily adsorbed (defined as physisorption or physical adsorption by which the electronic structure of the atom or molecule is barely perturbed upon adsorption), thereby letting out only clean air through the vent port into the atmosphere.
  • An engine control system dedicated towards minimizing emissions, facilitates canister purging.
  • the vacuum created draws air in through the vent port into the canister, flowing through the adsorbent carbon bed resulting in desorption of vaporized hydrocarbons through the purge port into the engine intake.
  • the bleed emissions are adsorbed by a scrubber containing carbon material that is connected to the canister vent opening.
  • the carbon material may be, for example, activated carbon fiber material or carbon monolith.
  • the scrubber may be made of any suitable material, for example molded thermoplastic polymers such as nylon or polycarbonate. Air leaving the canister may flow through the scrubber.
  • Current commercial scrubbers are extruded into a honeycomb design patern with activated carbon being the adsorbent material. They are rigid, fragile, and come in very specific dimensions, requiring additional protection against vehicle vibration and shock.
  • the major components of a typical EVAP system include a fuel tank which stores the gasoline and its vapors.
  • the operation of filling pumps is such that they will stop once the nozzle detects an achieved fill level within the tank, this in order to retain a minimal expansion space at the top so that the fuel stored therein so that the fuel can expand without overflowing or forcing the EVAP system to leak.
  • the EVAP canister is connected to the fuel tank by the tank vent line and, according to conventional designs, typically contains one to two pounds of an activated charcoal that acts like a sponge by absorbing and storing fuel vapors, until the purge valve opens and allows the vacuum of the engine intake to siphon the fuel vapors from the charcoal into the engine intake manifold (desorption) for combustion.
  • the vent control valve allows the flow of the fuel vapors from the fuel tank into the EVAP canister.
  • the purge valve/sensor allows the engine intake vacuum to siphon the fuel vapors from the EVAP canister into the engine intake manifold (desorption process). Vent hoses provide the means by which the fuel vapors flow to different components of the EVAP system.
  • the fuel tank pressure sensor monitors the pressure for leaks and excess pressure built up. Finally, the fuel level sensor monitors the level of fuel in the tank.
  • US 7,409,946, to King teaches a fuel vapor recover canister which includes a hydrocarbon filter bed containing carbon granules.
  • a purge vacuum is applied to the canister to draw fuel vapor carrying reclaimed hydrocarbon material from the canister into an intake manifold coupled to an engine so that the reclaimed hydrocarbon material can be burned in the engine.
  • US 2020/0147586, to Ruettinger et al. teaches an evaporative emission device and adsorbent of a particulate carbon and a binder further including any of acrylic/styrene, copolymer latex, styrene-butadiene copolymer latex, polyurethane, and mixtures thereof.
  • US 6,171,556, to Burk teaches adsorbent compositions including beta zeolites. An oxidant such air is added to the exhaust gas stream at a point upstream of the second catalyst zone.
  • US 7,021,296, to Reddy teaches an evaporative emission control system including a scrubber containing activated carbon granules or fibers utilized as an adsorbent, such further including pleated sheets, chopped fibers, fluffy webs, etc., and such as which are selected to adsorb butane and/or pentane isomer vapors in low concentrations in air passing through the scrubber and to desorb the adsorbed butane and/or pentane isomers without being heated.
  • a scrubber containing activated carbon granules or fibers utilized as an adsorbent, such further including pleated sheets, chopped fibers, fluffy webs, etc., and such as which are selected to adsorb butane and/or pentane isomer vapors in low concentrations in air passing through the scrubber and to desorb the adsorbed butane and/or pentane isomers without being heated.
  • US 2020/0018265 to Chen et al., teaches another version of an EVAP emission control system teaching a variety of hydrocarbon adsorption compositions associated with a bleed emission scrubber, these including any of foams, monolithic materials, non-woven, woven, sheets, papers, twisted spirals, ribbons, extruded forms, and other structured pleated and corrugated forms. Additional adsorbent options include any of activated carbon, carbon charcoal, zeolites, clays, porous polymers, porous alumina, porous silica, molecular sieves kaolin, titania, ceria, and combinations thereof.
  • the activated carbon options further include materials selected from the group consisting of wood, wood dust, wood flour, cotton linters, peat, coal, coconut, lignite, carbohydrates, petroleum pitch, petroleum coke, coal tar pitch, fruit pits, fruit stones, nut shells, nut pits, sawdust, palm, vegetables, synthetic polymer, natural polymer, lignocellulosic material, and combinations thereof.
  • materials selected from the group consisting of wood, wood dust, wood flour, cotton linters, peat, coal, coconut, lignite, carbohydrates, petroleum pitch, petroleum coke, coal tar pitch, fruit pits, fruit stones, nut shells, nut pits, sawdust, palm, vegetables, synthetic polymer, natural polymer, lignocellulosic material, and combinations thereof.
  • the monolith is concentrically disposed with a shell and has at least one cell group disposed around at least two individual cells, such that the cell group includes at least three thick walls.
  • the individual cells include at least one thin wall.
  • the present invention seeks to address the shortcomings of traditional carbon based adsorbent materials and discloses a graphene based adsorbent material incorporated into a scrubber forming a portion of a canister or connected to a vent port of the canister in the evaporative emissions management system.
  • the new adsorbent material is further specifically adsorptive of vaporized hydrocarbons for preventing bleed emissions while also providing low flow restrictions.
  • Additional features include the graphene adsorbent being provided as an activated graphene derivative and a polymer extruded in a honeycomb design pattern to provide a plurality of passageways for the flow of the vapors.
  • Additional variants include the scrubber connected to the EVAP canister vent port incorporating a scrubber element exhibiting a honeycomb extruded structure having any combination of activated graphene-derivatives, lignocellulose, charcoal, ceramic, binder and flux material.
  • the group of Graphene-derivatives are not limited to any of monolayer Graphene, few layered Graphene, Graphene oxide, reduced Graphene oxide, and functionalized Graphene.
  • the polymer may further be selected from a group including any of polypropylene, nylon-12, nylon-6, 12, polyethylene, terephthalate, polybutylene, polyphthalamide, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, polyvinylchloride, polyester, and polyurethane.
  • a novel design of a scrubber may include graphene derivative polymer in the form of a foam with enhanced surface area to prevent bleed emissions of vaporized hydrocarbons.
  • Other variants include the scrubber element incorporating any type of foam or felt material and again including any combination of graphene-derivatives, lignocellulose, and charcoal.
  • the polymer maybe selected from a group including any of polypropylene, nylon-12, nylon-6, 12, nylon-6, 6, polyethylene, terephthalate, polybutylene, polyphthalamide, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, polyvinylchloride, polyester, and polyurethane.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective illustration of an evaporative emission control system including a graphene based adsorbent material incorporated into a scrubber forming a portion of a canister or connected to a vent port of the canister;
  • FIG. 2 is a related schematic view of an EVAP system as depicted in incorporating a vapor canister;
  • FIG. 3 is a further cutaway illustration of an EVAP canister, such as which can be filled with activated carbon material, and which illustrates the various chambers associated with the adsorption/desorption process including the provision of the new scrubber function for preventing bleed emissions through the vent to the atmosphere, and as distinguished from the vent line connecting to the vehicle fuel tank;
  • Fig. 4 is an illustration of a scrubber element connected to a canister via the canister vent port and having a honeycomb extruded structure including any combination of activated graphene-derivative s, lignocellulose, charcoal, ceramic, binder, and flux material;
  • FIG. 5 is a further illustration of a scrubber element similar to Fig. 4 and having a foam and/or felt structure which can include any combination of graphene-derivatives, lignocellulose, and charcoal;
  • Fig. 6 is a further illustration of a scrubber element similar to Fig. 3 and having a foam structure placed anywhere inside the canister and which can include any combination of graphene-derivatives, lignocellulose, and charcoal;
  • Fig. 7 is a further illustration of a scrubber element similar to Fig. 6 and having a felt structure placed anywhere inside the canister and which can include any combination of graphene -derivatives, lignocellulose, and charcoal; and
  • Fig. 8 is a yet further illustration of a scrubber element which is a hybrid of Figs. 6 and 7 and which includes both of foam and felt structures placed inside the canister, and which can include any combination of graphene -derivatives, lignocellulose, and charcoal.
  • the present invention seeks to address the shortcomings of traditional carbon based adsorbent materials and discloses instead a graphene based adsorbent material utilized in an EVAP canister forming a portion of an evaporative emissions management system and in particular for use as a scrubber material for reducing or entirely removing bleed emissions in order to discharge only clean air through the EVAP canister vent into the surrounding atmosphere.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view and Fig. 2 a schematic of a construction of an evaporative emission control system, generally referenced 10 in Fig. 1, and including a fuel tank 12 with an extending fill neck 14 and a sealed fuel cap 16.
  • the gas tank is further shown in cutaway in Fig. 2 and depicts liquid gasoline defining a fill level 18 which is read by a fuel level sensor 20.
  • a fuel level sensor 20 Above the fill level, an unoccupied upper expansion space or volume of the tank is occupied by fuel vapors 22.
  • a fuel tank pressure sensor 24 is also located in the tank 12 and, in combination with the fuel level sensor 20, supplies fill level and tank pressure readings to a suitable Powertrain Control Module (PCM) 26.
  • PCM Powertrain Control Module
  • An EVAP vapor canister 28 is provided and is communicated by a vapor inlet line 30 extending from the fuel tank 12, this communicating with a vent control valve (see at 32 in Fig.
  • An EVAP line 34 extending from the canister 28 includes a normally open EVAP solenoid (canister) vent valve 36.
  • An evaporative two way valve 35 is incorporated into a line 37 extending between the EVAP canister 28 and the EVAP canister vent valve 36.
  • a further line 38 extends from the canister 28 to a purge flow sensor 40 which is connected to an air induction system and allows the engine intake vacuum to siphon precise amounts of fuel vapors for delivery via a line 42, extending from a fuel pump 43 incorporated into the fuel 12, into an engine intake manifold (see further at 44 in Fig. 1).
  • the PCM module 26 also receives inputs from each of the EVAP vent solenoid 36, purge flow sensor 40 and an EVAP purge solenoid 46 located downstream from the purge flow sensor 40 and through which vapors are permitted to flow to the throttle body.
  • Figure 3 is a further cutaway illustration of an EVAP canister, such as previously depicted at 28 in Figs. 1-2, and which can be filled with an activated carbon material 48.
  • the canister further illustrates the various chambers associated with the adsorption process (see arrow 50 representing load port) for drawing the hydrocarbon vapors from the fuel tank through the vent line. Also shown is purge port 52 for desorbing the retained hydrocarbons to the engine intake manifold during combustion.
  • scrubber element 54 which can be incorporated into a separate housing 56 as shown in Fig. 3 or, alternatively, can be incorporated directly within the canister 28.
  • the scrubber 54 in this variant also includes an activated carbon material for preventing evaporative bleed emission through a separate vent port 59 into the atmosphere.
  • Either of a foam 57 or a felt 58 structure can be placed anywhere within the canister, such as including providing opposite sandwiching layers for the activated carbon 48.
  • the activated carbon material can also include provision of activated graphene-derivative powder and a polymer extruded in a honeycomb design pattern to provide a plurality of passageways for the flow of the fuel vapor.
  • the polymer may further be selected from a group including any of polypropylene, nylon- 12, nylon-6, 12, polyethylene, terephthalate, polybutylene, polyphthalamide, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, polyvinylchloride, polyester, and polyurethane.
  • a novel design of a scrubber may include graphene- derivatives and a polymer in form of a foam or felt with enhanced surface area to prevent bleed emissions of vaporized hydrocarbons.
  • the polymer maybe selected from a group including any of polypropylene, nylon- 12, nylon-6, 12, nylon-6, 6, polyethylene, terephthalate, polybutylene, polyphthalamide, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, polyvinylchloride, polyester, and polyurethane.
  • Figure 4 as generally depicted at 60, provides an illustration of a combination EVP canister and scrubber, and in which the scrubber, shown at 62, is connected, via a vent port 64, to an EVAP canister 66, the canister being similar in construction to that previously described.
  • the scrubber 62 includes an outer housing and incorporates an interior element (see at 63), such exhibiting a honeycomb extruded structure including any combination of activated graphene- derivatives, lignocellulose, charcoal, ceramic, binder, and flux material.
  • Also depicted at 68 is a tubular housing end of the scrubber. Additional features include both load 70 and purge ports 72 (these again repetitively shown at 30 and 34 in Fig. 2). As previously described in Fig.
  • the reconfigured canister 66 can again include each of an activated carbon 74 and respective form 76 and/or felt 78 layers, such as at opposite sandwiching ends for packing in the carbon material.
  • Figure 5 is a further illustration of a scrubber element, see generally at 80, which is similar in construction to Fig. 4 such that identical elements are repetitively numbered.
  • a further illustration of a scrubber element is shown at 82, similar to Fig. 3, and having a foam structure placed anywhere inside the canister (see as referenced at each of 76’) and which can include any combination of graphene-derivatives, lignocellulose, and charcoal.
  • this can again include a reconfigured scrubber element foam layer (see at 76’), along with previously described activated carbon 74 and felt 78 layers.
  • Other features including each of the load 70 and purge 72 ports are repeated, as is a revised vent port 84.
  • FIG. 7 is a further illustration, at 86 of a scrubber element similar to Fig. 6 again incorporated into a canister and having a felt structure (see as revised at 78’) which can be placed anywhere inside the canister and which can include any combination of graphene - derivatives, lignocellulose, and charcoal. The remaining features are repetitively numbered as shown in each of Figs. 4-6.
  • Fig. 8 is a yet further illustration of a scrubber element, at 88, which is a hybrid of Figs.
  • the new adsorbent material may again include any Graphene-derivatives incorporated in a polymer in the form of any of a foam material that is used to maintain the canister volume and enable proper adsorption of fuel vapors in the canister.
  • the group of Graphene-derivatives are not limited to any of monolayer Graphene, few layered Graphene, Graphene oxide, reduced Graphene oxide, or functionalized Graphene.
  • the Graphene or Graphene derivative sorbent material is provided as any of a powder extruded, stamped or molded pellets and activated using either of a chemical or thermal technique.
  • the loading concentration of Graphene-derivatives in the scrubber element may vary, without limitation, from 0.1-60 percent by weight.
  • the scrubber element can also contain a polymer, including without limitation a thermoplastic polymer, and can be chosen from, but not restricted to, any of polyurethane, polyester, polypropylene, nylon 6, nylon 6,6, nylon-12, nylon- 6,12, polyethylene, terephthalate, polybutylene, polyphthalamide, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, and polyvinylchloride.
  • the adsorbent scrubber material may be a combination of Graphene-derivatives and lignocellulosic material or charcoal incorporated into the volume compensator foam.
  • the Graphene-derivatives incorporated in a polymer in the form of a felt that is used to pack down the adsorbent material in the canister.
  • the group of Graphene- derivatives that include but not limited to monolayer Graphene, few layered Graphene, Graphene oxide, reduced Graphene oxide, or functionalized Graphene.
  • the loading concentration of Graphene -derivatives may again vary, without limitation, from 0.1-60 percent by weight.
  • the polymer may again include a thermoplastic polymer and may be chosen from, but not restricted to polyurethane, polyester, polypropylene, nylon 6, nylon 6,6, nylon-12, nylon- 6,12, polyethylene, terephthalate, polybutylene, polyphthalamide, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, and polyvinylchloride.
  • the new adsorbent material may include a combination of Graphene-derivatives and lignocellulosic material or charcoal incorporated into the foam or felt.
  • adsorbent material provided as a powder of activated Graphene-derivatives and a polymer extruded in the honeycomb design pattern to provide plurality of passageways for the flow of fuel vapor.
  • the polymer may again be selected from a group including, without limitation, of polypropylene, nylon- 12, nylon-612, polyethylene, terephthalate, polybutylene, polyphthalamide, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, polyvinylchloride, polyester, and polyurethane.
  • the powder can include a combination of activated Graphene-derivatives and lignocellulosic material or charcoal.
  • joinder references e.g., attached, affixed, coupled, connected, and the like
  • joinder references are only used to aid the reader's understanding of the present disclosure, and may not create limitations, particularly as to the position, orientation, or use of the systems and/or methods disclosed herein. Therefore, joinder references, if any, are to be construed broadly. Moreover, such joinder references do not necessarily infer that two elements are directly connected to each other.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Supplying Secondary Fuel Or The Like To Fuel, Air Or Fuel-Air Mixtures (AREA)

Abstract

Un matériau adsorbant à base de graphène est intégré dans un épurateur formant une partie d'un adsorbeur ou relié à un orifice de purge de l'adsorbeur dans le système de gestion des vapeurs de carburant. Le matériau adsorbant est spécifiquement adsorbant d'hydrocarbures vaporisées pour empêcher des émissions de vapeurs de purge tout en produisant également des restrictions de débits faibles. L'adsorbant en graphène se présente sous la forme d'un dérivé de graphène activé et d'un polymère extrudé selon un modèle de conception en nid d'abeilles pour engendrer une pluralité de passages pour le flux des vapeurs. L'épurateur est relié à l'orifice de purge de l'adsorbeur de vapeurs de carburant et intègre un élément épurateur présentant une structure extrudée en nid d'abeilles ayant une quelconque combinaison de dérivés de graphène activés, de lignocellulose, de charbon de bois, de céramique, de liant et de flux.
PCT/US2022/078909 2021-11-01 2022-10-28 Matériau adsorbant à base de graphène pour épurateur relié par un orifice de purge à un absorbeur de vapeurs de carburant et formant une partie d'un système de gestion de vapeurs de carburant de véhicule pour empêcher des émissions de vapeurs de purge et produire des restrictions de débits faibles WO2023077088A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202280073397.XA CN118215532A (zh) 2021-11-01 2022-10-28 用于防止渗漏排放物并提供低流动限制的通过通风口连接到evap炭罐并形成车辆evap排放物管理系统的一部分的洗涤器的石墨烯基吸附剂材料
MX2024005212A MX2024005212A (es) 2021-11-01 2022-10-28 Material adsorbente base grafeno para un depurador conectado por un orificio de ventilacion a un recipiente de evaporacion y que forma parte de un sistema de gestion de emisiones evap de un vehiculo para evitar las emisiones de purga y proporcionar restricciones de bajo flujo.
KR1020247018333A KR20240105410A (ko) 2021-11-01 2022-10-28 벤트 포트에 의해 evap 캐니스터에 접속되고, 블리드 배기가스를 방지하고, 낮은 유량 제한을 제공하기 위한 차량 evap 배기가스 관리 시스템의 일부를 형성하는 스크러버용 그래핀 기반의 흡착재
EP22813063.9A EP4426470A1 (fr) 2021-11-01 2022-10-28 Matériau adsorbant à base de graphène pour épurateur relié par un orifice de purge à un absorbeur de vapeurs de carburant et formant une partie d'un système de gestion de vapeurs de carburant de véhicule pour empêcher des émissions de vapeurs de purge et produire des restrictions de débits faibles
CA3235244A CA3235244A1 (fr) 2021-11-01 2022-10-28 Materiau adsorbant a base de graphene pour epurateur relie par un orifice de purge a un absorbeur de vapeurs de carburant et formant une partie d'un systeme de gestion de vapeurs de carburant de vehicule pour empecher des emissions de vapeurs de purge et produire des restrictions de debits faible

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US202163274165P 2021-11-01 2021-11-01
US63/274,165 2021-11-01
US17/975,107 2022-10-27
US17/975,107 US20230134553A1 (en) 2021-11-01 2022-10-27 Graphene based adsorbent material for a scrubber connected by a vent port to an evap canister and forming a portion of a vehicle evap emissions management system for preventing bleed emissions and providing low flow restrictions

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KR20240105410A (ko) 2024-07-05
CA3235244A1 (fr) 2023-05-04
MX2024005212A (es) 2024-07-10

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