WO2023072673A1 - Procédé de commutation d'une vitre composite comprenant un élément fonctionnel électrochrome - Google Patents

Procédé de commutation d'une vitre composite comprenant un élément fonctionnel électrochrome Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023072673A1
WO2023072673A1 PCT/EP2022/078912 EP2022078912W WO2023072673A1 WO 2023072673 A1 WO2023072673 A1 WO 2023072673A1 EP 2022078912 W EP2022078912 W EP 2022078912W WO 2023072673 A1 WO2023072673 A1 WO 2023072673A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
surface electrode
functional element
pane
voltage
pdlc
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/078912
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Labrot
Florence JACQUES
Laurent Maillaud
Adil JAAFAR
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Glass France filed Critical Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority to CN202280005526.1A priority Critical patent/CN116368021A/zh
Publication of WO2023072673A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023072673A1/fr

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    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/44—Arrangements combining different electro-active layers, e.g. electrochromic, liquid crystal or electroluminescent layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for switching a composite pane with an electrochromic functional element and such a composite pane.
  • vehicle glazing in which a sun visor is integrated in the form of a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties.
  • the functional elements are usually multi-layer foils that are laminated into a composite pane or glued to it.
  • These multilayer films generally include an active layer between two surface electrodes, with the arrangement usually being stabilized by carrier films.
  • the transmission properties of the active layer can be changed by applying a voltage to the active layer via the surface electrodes.
  • the driver can control the transmission behavior of the window himself in relation to solar radiation. This means that conventional mechanical sun visors can be dispensed with.
  • Typical electrically controllable functional elements contain, for example, electrochromic layer structures or suspended particle device (SPD) foils.
  • SPD suspended particle device
  • Other possible functional elements for the realization of an electrically controllable sun protection are so-called PDLC functional elements (polymer dispersed liquid crystal).
  • Their active layer contains liquid crystals embedded in a polymer matrix. If no voltage is applied, the liquid crystals are aligned in a disorderly manner, which leads to strong scattering of the light passing through the active layer. If a voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals align in a common direction and the transmission of light through the active layer is increased.
  • the PDLC The functional element works less by reducing the overall transmission than by increasing the scatter in order to ensure glare protection. Other types of functional elements are therefore more suitable for ensuring a reduction in transmission.
  • Electrochromic functional elements advantageously reduce the transmission through the glazing and have a bluish coloring which is regarded as aesthetic, particularly in the field of automotive applications.
  • Electrochromic functional elements comprise at least one electrochemically active layer capable of reversibly storing charges. The oxidation states in the stored and stored state differ in their coloring, with one of these states being transparent. The storage reaction can be controlled via the externally applied potential difference.
  • the basic structure of the electrochromic glazing thus comprises at least one electrochromic material, such as tungsten oxide, which is in contact with both a surface electrode and a charge source, such as an ion-conductive electrolyte.
  • the electrochromic layer structure contains a counter-electrode, which is also capable of reversibly storing cations and is in contact with the ion-conductive electrolyte, as well as a further surface electrode which is connected to the counter-electrode.
  • the surface electrodes are connected to an external voltage source, which allows the voltage applied to the active layer to be regulated.
  • the migration and storage of ions takes a certain amount of time, so that the switching process of electrochromic functional elements is comparatively slow. This leads to impatience on the part of the user and possibly multiple actuation of the controls initiating the shifting process.
  • CN 212873140 U describes glazing comprising an electrochromic functional element and a PDLC functional element.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of making available a method that provides an improved and visually appealing switching process for a composite pane with an electrochromic functional element, and to provide such a composite pane.
  • the object of the present invention is solved by a method according to independent claim 1 .
  • Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
  • the invention relates to a method for switching a laminated pane from a first transparent state to a second, more darkened state.
  • the composite pane comprises at least a first pane and a second pane, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer, with an electrochromic functional element and a PDLC functional element being embedded in the intermediate layer.
  • the electrochromic functional element and the PDLC functional element have electrically switchable optical properties.
  • the functional elements each comprise an active layer which has controllable optical properties and overlap one another at least in sections.
  • Overlapping in sections means that in at least one partial area of the laminated pane, the light passing through the pane first passes through one functional element and then through the other functional element.
  • the active layers contain an active substance whose optical properties can be changed depending on the voltage applied to the functional element.
  • the active layer is an electrochromic layer
  • the active layer of the PDLC device is a PDLC layer.
  • the electrochromic functional element comprises a first surface electrode and a second surface electrode, between which the electrochromic layer is arranged
  • the PDLC functional element comprises a third surface electrode and a fourth surface electrode, between which the PDLC layer is located.
  • the optical properties of the electrochromic layer are thus controlled by applying a voltage between the first and the second surface electrode and the optical properties of the PDLC layer by applying a voltage between the third and the fourth surface electrode.
  • the method according to the invention comprises at least the steps of a) applying a voltage of 0 V between the third surface electrode and the fourth surface electrode, b) applying an operating voltage U2 between the first surface electrode and the second surface electrode, c) waiting for at least 2 seconds, d) increasing the voltage between the third surface electrode and the fourth surface electrode at a rate of 0.5 V/s to 3 V/s up to the operating voltage Ui of the PDLC functional element, e) periodically measuring the no-load voltage present between the first flat electrode and the second flat electrode and comparing it with a nominal value for the no-load voltage, f) lowering the voltage U2 present between the first flat electrode and the second flat electrode to a holding voltage UH, provided that the nominal value of the no-load voltage is reached , otherwise periodic repetition of step e) until the target value of the no-load voltage is reached.
  • step a) a voltage of 0 V is applied between the third surface electrode and the fourth surface electrode. This means that the voltage is no longer applied to the PDLC layer. In other words, the PDLC functional element is disabled. If no voltage is applied to the PDLC layer, the alignment of the liquid crystals contained in the layer is lost in the electric field and the liquid crystals no longer have a preferred direction. As a result, the transparency of the laminated pane decreases while the opacity of the laminated pane increases.
  • the clouding of the PDLC functional element takes place shortly after the PDLC functional element is switched off, for example the switching process of the PDLC functional element visible to the user begins within less than 2 seconds, preferably within less than 1 second. In this way, the user can see that the switching process of the laminated pane has been initiated.
  • step b which takes place at the same time as or after step a)
  • an operating voltage U2 is applied between the first surface electrode and the second surface electrode. This initiates the switching process of the electrochromic functional element.
  • the switching process of the electrochromic functional element takes some time and is therefore not immediately noticeable. For this reason, the method is paused for at least 2 seconds in step c).
  • step d the voltage between the third surface electrode and the fourth surface electrode is increased at a rate of 0.5 V/s to 3 V/s until the operating voltage Ui of the PDLC functional element is reached. Accordingly, at the PDLC functional element, a voltage applied, which causes an alignment of the liquid crystals in the electric field. The voltage is increased starting from 0 V (starting value from step a)) at the stated speed. This slow, continuous increase in voltage results in a slow and continuous switching of the PDLC functional element, which is noticeable as a slow, continuous decrease in the haze of the bonded disk.
  • the no-load voltage present between the first flat electrode and the second flat electrode is periodically measured and compared with a target value of the no-load voltage. If the target value of the no-load voltage is reached, this is an indication that the switching process of the electrochromic functional element has been completely completed.
  • the open circuit voltage is measured periodically in step e), which occurs after and/or during step d). In this way, it is determined promptly that complete switching of the electrochromic functional element has been achieved. Exceeding the target value of the no-load voltage for a longer period of time should be avoided in order to ensure the longest possible service life of the electrochromic functional element.
  • step f) of the method follows.
  • step f) after the target value of the no-load voltage of the electrochromic functional element has been reached, the voltage U2 applied between the first surface electrode and the second surface electrode is lowered to a holding voltage UH.
  • the operating voltage describes the voltage that must be applied to the surface electrodes of a functional element in order to convert the functional element from one optical state to another optical state.
  • the end states are considered in each case, ie the most transparent state that the functional element can achieve as one optical state and the most tinted or clouded state that can be achieved, depending on the type of functional element, as the other optical state.
  • the operating voltage corresponds to the maximum voltage that is applied between the surface electrodes.
  • the operating voltage Ui is the voltage that must be applied to the PDLC functional element in order to convert it from a voltage-free clouded state to a transparent state.
  • the transition from The transparent state of the PDLC element to an opaque state is achieved by disconnecting the PDLC functional element from the voltage source.
  • the operating voltage of the electrochromic functional element which must be applied between the first surface electrode and the second surface electrode in order to convert the electrochromic functional element from a transparent state to a tinted final state, is referred to as the operating voltage U2.
  • the size of the operating voltages Ui and U2 depends on the design of the functional elements. Typical operating voltages are between 30 V and 300 V, preferably between 50 V and 240 V, particularly preferably between 50 V and 150 V.
  • the voltage that is to be applied between the first surface electrode and the second surface electrode in order to keep the electrochromic functional element in a tinted optical state is described as the holding voltage.
  • the holding voltage Depending on the type of functional element, a generally very slow brightening and a corresponding transition into the transparent state can take place without applying a holding voltage. This is avoided by applying the holding voltage.
  • a holding voltage can also be dispensed with, this being 0 V.
  • the open-circuit voltage is the voltage that can be measured between the surface electrodes of the electrochromic functional element, ie between the first surface electrode and the second surface electrode.
  • the oxidation states of the ions migrating in the electric field change, as a result of which this darkening occurs.
  • the operating voltage applied between the first flat electrode and the second flat electrode is briefly interrupted, the no-load voltage is measured and the operating voltage is then applied again in order to continue the switching process.
  • Methods for measuring the no-load voltage and corresponding measuring devices are known to those skilled in the art and are commercially available.
  • a voltmeter can be integrated directly into a control unit for controlling the switching process of the laminated pane.
  • Step a) of the method is preferably initiated by a user operating an operating element, for example a switch.
  • a control element can be provided within the laminated pane itself or externally, for example integrated into other control elements of a motor vehicle.
  • the operating element is connected to a control unit, which then initiates the switching process of the laminated pane according to steps a) to f).
  • step a) of the method is initiated automatically, for example as a function of environmental influences such as the intensity of solar radiation or the position of the sun.
  • a measuring unit that monitors these environmental influences is connected to a control unit that initiates the switching process according to steps a) to f) depending on the measured values.
  • step c) is preferably paused for at least 5 seconds, particularly preferably for 5 seconds to 20 seconds, in particular 8 seconds to 15 seconds, for example 10 seconds. This has proven to be advantageous with regard to a visually appealing overall switching process of the laminated pane.
  • the voltage between the third surface electrode and the fourth surface electrode is preferably increased at a speed of 0.5 V/s to 2 V/s, particularly preferably at a speed of 0.5 V/s to 1.5 V/s. s increased.
  • This speed has proven to be particularly advantageous for adapting the duration of the switching process of the PDLC functional element to the duration of the switching process of the electrochromic functional element and thus achieving a course of the switching process of the laminated pane that is particularly appealing to the viewer.
  • the open-circuit voltage is preferably measured in step e) at a time interval of 2 seconds to 20 seconds, particularly preferably 3 seconds to 15 seconds, in particular 3 seconds to 10 seconds, this time segment corresponding to a period of the periodic measurement process.
  • step e) already takes place during step d).
  • step d) is advantageous in order to be able to modify the voltage increase occurring according to step d) in the voltage between the third surface electrode and the fourth surface electrode as a function of the no-load voltage measured in step e) between the first surface electrode and the second surface electrode.
  • step e) it is possible to adapt the speed of the switching process of the PDLC functional element as a function of the speed of the switching process of the electrochromic functional element, which can be determined via the difference between the desired value and the actual value of the no-load voltage.
  • a PDLC functional element and an electrochromic functional element are switched simultaneously in such a way that an optically appealing overall switching process of the laminated pane comprising these functional elements is produced.
  • the operating voltage Ui is present at the PDLC functional element, ie the PDLC functional element is in a transparent state.
  • the holding voltage UH is applied to the electrochromic functional element, which results in the electrochromic functional element being kept in the darkened state into which it was converted by applying the operating voltage U2 in step b).
  • the voltage present between the third surface electrode and the fourth surface electrode is reduced to 0V after step f), the PDLC functional element is therefore deactivated and thus becomes cloudy.
  • the laminated pane in a darkened state with a high degree of opacity. This additional opacity is advantageous if the user of the composite pane wants to completely prevent the view through the pane in the darkened state Z2 of the composite pane. If clouding of the laminated pane in the darkened state Z2 is desired, this is preferably initiated during the process.
  • Such clouding of the laminated pane preferably takes place by deactivating the PDLC functional element as soon as the open-circuit voltage measured in step e) has reached at least 95% of the setpoint value of the open-circuit voltage.
  • the voltage between the third surface electrode and the fourth surface electrode is reduced at a rate of 3 V/s to 15 V/s down to 0 V as soon as the open-circuit voltage measured between the first surface electrode and the second surface electrode is at least 80% in step e). , has preferably reached at least 90% of the target value of the no-load voltage. In this way, a visually particularly appealing switching process is achieved.
  • step f) is followed by a switching process from the darker second state (Z2) back to the first, more transparent state (Z1).
  • this switching process can take place through manual operation of a button by a user, or it can be controlled automatically as a function of environmental factors.
  • At least the following steps are carried out to switch the laminated pane from the darker second state Z2 back to the first transparent state Z1: g) application of the operating voltage Ui of the PDLC functional element between the third surface electrode and the fourth surface electrode, h) application of the operating voltage U3 of the electrochromic functional element between the first surface electrode and the second surface electrode.
  • step g) consists of maintaining this voltage.
  • an operating voltage U3 is applied to the electrochromic functional element between the first surface electrode and the second surface electrode.
  • the operating voltage U3 is the voltage that is required to convert the electrochromic functional element from a tinted, darkened state to a transparent state.
  • the magnitude of the operating voltage U3 generally corresponds to the magnitude of the operating voltage U2, with the two voltages having opposite signs. Accordingly, the polarity of the surface electrodes of the electrochromic functional element must be reversed in order to convert the electrochromic functional element back into the transparent state.
  • the electrochromic functional element and the PDLC functional element are both in a transparent state, as a result of which the laminated pane reaches its first more transparent state (Z1).
  • the first, more transparent state Z1 of the laminated pane has an increased transmission of light in the visible range of the spectrum compared to the second, darker state Z2 of the laminated pane.
  • the laminated pane preferably has a transmission of at least 20% of the light im visible range of the light spectrum, while the laminated pane in the darker second state Z2 has a transmission of at most 10% of the light in the visible range of the light spectrum.
  • the invention also relates to a laminated pane with a first, more transparent state and a second, more darkened state.
  • the features described for the laminated pane also apply to the method according to the invention and vice versa.
  • the composite pane comprises at least a first pane and a second pane, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer, with an electrochromic functional element and a PDLC functional element being embedded in the intermediate layer.
  • the laminated pane thus has at least two functional elements which are attached essentially congruently with one another and each have an active layer.
  • the optical condition of the laminated pane is thus determined by the optical condition of these two functional elements. In the first, more transparent state of the laminated pane, the PDLC functional element and the electrochromic functional element are in a transparent state.
  • the electrochromic functional element In the second, darker state of the laminated pane, the electrochromic functional element is in a tinted state, while the PDLC functional element can be in a transparent or opaque state, at the user's choice.
  • the active layer of the electrochromic functional element is an electrochromic layer which is arranged between a first surface electrode and a second surface electrode, the optical state of the functional element being variable by applying a voltage to these surface electrodes.
  • the PDLC functional element has a PDLC layer as the active layer, which is arranged between a third surface electrode and a fourth surface electrode.
  • the functional elements have electrically controllable optical properties that can be regulated as a function of the voltage applied to the adjacent surface electrodes.
  • the PDLC functional element (polymer dispersed liquid crystal) has an active layer that contains liquid crystals embedded in a polymer matrix. If no voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals are aligned in a disorderly manner, which leads to strong scattering of the light passing through the active layer. If a voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals align themselves in a common direction and the transmission of light through the active layer is increased.
  • a functional element is known, for example, from DE 102008026339 A1. Accordingly, the active substance of a PDLC functional element is liquid crystals, which are dispersed in the form of liquid crystal droplets in a matrix, in this case a polymeric matrix. The polymer matrix and the liquid crystal droplets dispersed therein together form the active layer.
  • the active layer of the functional element is an electrochemically active layer.
  • the transmission of visible light depends on the degree of incorporation of ions in the active layer, with the ions being provided, for example, by an ion storage layer between the active layer and a surface electrode.
  • the transmission can be influenced by the voltage applied to the surface electrodes, which causes the ions to migrate.
  • Suitable functional layers contain, for example, at least tungsten oxide or vanadium oxide.
  • Electrochromic functional elements are known, for example, from WO 2012007334 A1, US 20120026573 A1, WO 2010147494 A1 and EP 1862849 A1.
  • the laminated pane according to the invention comprises at least one electrochromic functional element and one PDLC functional element, each comprising an active layer between two surface electrodes.
  • the active layers have the controllable optical properties, which can be controlled via the voltage applied to the surface electrodes.
  • the surface electrodes and the active layers are typically arranged essentially parallel to one another.
  • the surface electrodes can be electrically connected to an external voltage source in a manner known per se.
  • the electrical contact can be implemented by suitable connecting cables, for example foil conductors, which are optionally connected to the surface electrodes via so-called bus bars, for example strips of an electrically conductive material or electrically conductive imprints.
  • the surface electrodes are preferably each applied to a carrier film adjacent to the surface electrode.
  • the first surface electrode is arranged on a first carrier foil, the second surface electrode on a second carrier foil, the third surface electrode on a third carrier foil and the fourth surface electrode on a fourth surface electrode.
  • the layer sequence within both functional elements is such that the surface electrodes are applied to the surface of the carrier film facing the respective active layer.
  • the functional elements can thus be used in the production process in the form of a multi-layer film made of carrier films, surface electrodes and an active layer to be provided.
  • the electrochromic functional element comprises, in this order, the first carrier film, the first surface electrode, the electrochromic layer, the second surface electrode and the second carrier film.
  • the PDLC functional element comprises a third carrier film, the third surface electrode, the PDLC layer, the fourth surface electrode and the fourth carrier film.
  • the carrier foils preferably contain at least one polymer which does not melt completely in the autoclave process and has a melting point above 150.degree. C., preferably 180.degree.
  • the carrier films particularly preferably comprise polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the first, the second, the third and the fourth carrier film consist of a PET film.
  • the carrier foils are preferably transparent, but can also be tinted.
  • the thickness of the carrier films is preferably from 0.025 mm to 0.400 mm, in particular from 0.050 mm to 0.200 mm.
  • the surface electrodes are preferably arranged on a surface of the carrier film, that is to say on exactly one of the two sides of the carrier film (ie on its front side or its back side). In this case, the carrier foils are aligned in the layer stack of the multilayer foil in such a way that the surface electrodes are arranged adjacent to the active layers.
  • the films can also have different thicknesses and compositions within the
  • the carrier foils are preferably designed as a single continuous foil in the area of the entire functional element. As a result, a high optical product quality can be achieved. In contrast to this, in a functional element that is produced from a plurality of multi-layer films laid one on top of the other at a cut edge, the cut edge remains visible even after the functional element has been laminated in a pane.
  • Each flat electrode is preferably electrically conductively contacted with at least one bus bar.
  • the surface electrodes are electrically connected to an external voltage source in a manner known per se.
  • the electrical contact is realized by suitable connecting cables, for example foil conductors, which are preferably connected to the surface electrodes via busbars.
  • the surface electrodes are preferably in the form of transparent, electrically conductive layers.
  • the surface electrodes preferably contain at least one metal, a metal alloy or a transparent conducting oxide (TCO).
  • TCO transparent conducting oxide
  • the surface electrodes can, for example, be silver, gold, copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, Indium tin oxide (ITO), gallium-doped or aluminum-doped zinc oxide and/or fluorine-doped or antimony-doped tin oxide.
  • the surface electrodes preferably have a thickness of 10 nm to 2 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 20 nm to 1 ⁇ m, very particularly preferably from 30 nm to 500 nm.
  • the functional elements in the form of multilayer films can have other layers known per se in addition to the respective active layer and the surface electrodes, for example barrier layers, blocking layers, antireflection layers, protective layers and/or smoothing layers.
  • the functional elements are embedded in the thermoplastic intermediate layer of the laminated pane.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably comprises at least one first thermoplastic composite film, at least one second thermoplastic composite film and at least one third thermoplastic composite film.
  • the functional elements are arranged at least in sections between these composite films.
  • the dimensions of the electrochromic functional element and the PDLC functional element can be identical or different, with the electrochromic functional element and the PDLC functional element overlapping at least in sections. In this case, a projection of the PDLC functional element in the plane of the electrochromic functional element is congruent with the electrochromic functional element in at least a partial area and vice versa.
  • the first, second, and third thermoplastic composite sheets typically have the same dimensions as the first and second panes.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably comprises a first thermoplastic composite film that connects one of the functional elements to the first pane, a second thermoplastic composite film that connects the other functional element to the second pane, and a third thermoplastic composite film that connects one of the functional elements to the other functional element .
  • the first thermoplastic composite film connects the PDLC functional element to the first pane
  • the second thermoplastic composite film connects the electrochromic functional element to the second pane
  • the third thermoplastic composite film connects the PDLC functional element and the electrochromic functional element to one another.
  • An arrangement of the PDLC functional element adjacent to the second pane and the electrochromic functional element adjacent to the first pane is also possible.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is formed by at least the first, second and third thermoplastic composite film is formed, which are arranged flat on top of each other and are laminated together, with the functional elements being inserted between the three layers.
  • the areas of the composite foils that overlap with the functional elements then form the areas that connect the functional element to the panes.
  • the thermoplastic composite films are in direct contact with one another, they can fuse during lamination in such a way that the two original layers may no longer be recognizable and instead there is a homogeneous intermediate layer.
  • the first thermoplastic composite film and the second thermoplastic composite film and optionally also other thermoplastic composite films preferably contain at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and/or polyurethane (PU), particularly preferably PVB.
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • PU polyurethane
  • the thickness of the first and the second thermoplastic composite film is preferably between 0.2 mm and 2 mm, particularly preferably between 0.3 mm and 1 mm, in particular from 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm, for example 0.38 mm or 0.76mm
  • the thickness of the third thermoplastic composite film is preferably between 25 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 25 ⁇ m and 75 ⁇ m, for example 50 ⁇ m.
  • the first thermoplastic composite film and the second thermoplastic composite film each have a thickness of 0.38 mm, while the third thermoplastic composite film is 50 ⁇ m thick. This is advantageous in order on the one hand to achieve a secure connection of the functional elements and the panes to one another and on the other hand to achieve the smallest possible thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • thermoplastic composite film can be formed, for example, from a single thermoplastic film.
  • a thermoplastic composite film can also be formed from sections of different thermoplastic films whose side edges are placed against one another.
  • further thermoplastic composite films can also be present. If required, these can also be used to embed further films comprising functional layers, for example infrared-reflecting layers, UV-filtering layers or acoustically dampening layers.
  • functional layers for example infrared-reflecting layers, UV-filtering layers or acoustically dampening layers.
  • at least one of the functional elements, preferably both functional elements is surrounded all around by a thermoplastic frame film.
  • the at least one thermoplastic frame film surrounds the functional element in the form of a frame along the peripheral edge of the functional element and has approximately the same thickness as the functional element. Local thickness differences of the laminated pane, which are introduced by locally limited functional elements, are compensated for by such a frame film, so that glass breakage during lamination can be avoided.
  • the thermoplastic frame foils can be formed by thermoplastic composite foils, in which the recess has been introduced by cutting.
  • the material of the thermoplastic frame films corresponds to the materials mentioned for the thermoplastic composite films.
  • the peripheral edge of the functional element is completely or partially provided with an edge seal.
  • This can be placed around the open edge of the functional element in the form of an adhesive tape, for example, or be implemented by blocking films placed on both sides in the edge region of the functional element.
  • the edge sealing prevents plasticizers from diffusing from the thermoplastic composite films into the active layer of the functional element.
  • the first, second, and/or third thermoplastic composite sheet is tinted or colored.
  • the transmission of this range in the visible spectral range is therefore reduced compared to a layer that is not tinted or colored.
  • the tinted/colored area of the thermoplastic composite films thus reduces the transmission of the composite pane.
  • the aesthetic appeal of the PDLC device is improved because the tinting results in a more neutral appearance that is more pleasing to the viewer.
  • the tinted or colored area can be homogeneously colored or tinted, ie have a location-independent transmission.
  • the tint or coloring can also be inhomogeneous; in particular, a transmission curve can be realized.
  • a preferred sequence of layers of the laminated pane according to the invention comprises at least one above the other in this order
  • thermoplastic composite film
  • a second carrier film, and the PDLC functional element in this order includes one above the other
  • first disk and second disk arbitrarily describe two different disks.
  • the first pane can be referred to as an outer pane and the second pane as an inner pane.
  • the inner pane in the context of the invention refers to the pane (second pane) facing the interior (vehicle interior).
  • the outer pane refers to the pane facing the outer environment (first pane).
  • the invention is not restricted to this.
  • At least one of the functional elements is divided into segments by dividing lines, also referred to as isolation lines.
  • the separating lines are introduced in particular into the surface electrodes, so that the segments of the surface electrode are electrically insulated from one another.
  • At least one of the surface electrodes has at least one dividing line which divides the surface electrode into at least two segments whose electrically controllable optical properties can be switched independently of one another.
  • the individual segments are connected to the voltage source independently of one another, so that they can be controlled separately. For example, different areas of the functional elements can be switched independently.
  • the dividing lines and the segments are particularly preferably arranged horizontally in a motor vehicle roof window in the installed position, with the dividing lines between opposite doors of the motor vehicle running essentially parallel to the front edge of the roof.
  • the term "horizontal” is to be interpreted broadly here and designates a direction of propagation that runs between the side edges of the vehicle in the installed position.
  • the dividing lines do not necessarily have to be straight, but can also be slightly curved, preferably adapted to any bending of the edges of the laminated pane. Of course, vertical dividing lines are also conceivable.
  • the dividing lines have, for example, a width of 5 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, in particular 20 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the width of the segments ie the distance between adjacent dividing lines, can be suitably selected by a person skilled in the art according to the requirements in the individual case.
  • the separating lines can be introduced by laser ablation, mechanical cutting or etching during the production of the functional element.
  • Already laminated multi-layer foils can also be subsequently segmented using laser ablation.
  • the functional elements can also have recesses or holes, for example in the area of so-called sensor windows or camera windows. These areas are intended to be equipped with sensors or cameras whose function would be impaired by controllable functional elements in the beam path, such as rain sensors.
  • the functional elements are preferably arranged over the entire surface of the laminated pane, minus a peripheral edge area with a width of, for example, 2 mm to 20 mm.
  • the functional elements are thus encapsulated within the intermediate layer and protected from contact with the surrounding atmosphere and from corrosion.
  • the electrical control of the functional elements is carried out, for example, by means of switches, knobs or sliders that are in the vehicle's dashboard or directly in the Composite pane are integrated.
  • a control button can also be integrated into the windshield and/or into the roof surface of a motor vehicle, for example a capacitive button.
  • the functional elements can be controlled by non-contact methods, for example by recognizing gestures, or depending on the state of the pupil or eyelid determined by a camera and suitable evaluation electronics.
  • a control as a function of the state of the eyelid or pupil comes into consideration here in particular in the case of functional elements such as sun visors on a windshield.
  • the functional element can be controlled by sensors which detect incident light on the pane.
  • the first pane and the second pane are preferably made of glass, particularly preferably of soda-lime glass, as is customary for window panes.
  • the panes can also be made from other types of glass, for example quartz glass, borosilicate glass or alumino-silicate glass, or from rigid, clear plastics, for example polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the first pane and/or the second pane may be thermally or chemically prestressed.
  • thin inner panes with a thickness of less than or equal to 1 mm are preferably made from chemically toughened alumino-silicate glass.
  • the discs can be clear, or even tinted or tinted. When used as a windshield, however, sufficient light transmission must be ensured in the central viewing area, preferably at least 70% in the main viewing area A in accordance with ECE-R43.
  • the first pane, the second pane and/or the thermoplastic intermediate layer can have other suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflection coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or sun protection coatings or low-E coatings.
  • the thickness of the first pane and the second pane can vary widely and can thus be adapted to the requirements in the individual case.
  • the first pane and the second pane preferably have thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • the laminated pane can be, for example, the windshield or the roof pane of a vehicle or other vehicle glazing, for example a partition pane in a vehicle, preferably in a rail vehicle or a bus.
  • the laminated pane can be architectural glazing, for example in an exterior facade of a building, or a separating pane inside a building.
  • the composite pane according to the invention is a motor vehicle pane
  • one or more edges of the functional elements are preferably covered by an opaque masking print when viewed through the pane.
  • Windshields and skylights typically have a peripheral covering print made of an opaque enamel, which serves in particular to protect the adhesive used to install the composite pane from UV radiation and to conceal it from view.
  • This peripheral masking print is preferably used to also mask the edges of the functional elements and the required electrical connections.
  • Both the first pane used as the outer pane and the second pane used as the inner pane preferably have a masking print, so that the view from both sides is prevented.
  • the composite pane according to the invention is a windshield of a motor vehicle.
  • This includes a motor edge, which is adjacent to the hood in the installed position of the laminated pane in the vehicle body and a roof edge, which borders the vehicle roof in the installed position.
  • the edge of the motor and the edge of the roof form two opposite pane edges. Between the edge of the engine and the edge of the roof there are two opposite side edges which, when the windshield is installed, border on the so-called A-pillars of the body.
  • Windshields have a central field of vision, with high demands being placed on the optical quality.
  • the central field of view must have high light transmission (typically greater than 70%).
  • Said central field of view is in particular that field of view which is referred to as field of view B, field of view B or zone B by those skilled in the art.
  • Field of vision B and its technical requirements are specified in Regulation No. 43 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) (ECE-R43, "Uniform conditions for the approval of safety glazing materials and their installation in vehicles").
  • EAE-R43 Economic Commission for Europe
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer comprising the first, the second, the third thermoplastic composite film and any further polymeric films, are not tinted or colored in the central field of view of a windshield, but are clear and transparent. This ensures that the view through the central field of vision is not restricted, so that the screen can be used as a windscreen.
  • the transparent intermediate layer is present at least in field of vision A, preferably also in field of vision B according to ECE-R43.
  • the composite pane is a motor vehicle roof pane, the first pane representing the outer pane facing the vehicle surroundings and the second pane being the inner pane facing the interior of the vehicle.
  • At least the first thermoplastic composite pane, which is arranged adjacent to the outer pane, preferably has a UV-filtering function.
  • the invention is explained in more detail with reference to a drawing and exemplary embodiments.
  • the drawing is a schematic representation and not to scale. The drawing does not limit the invention in any way. Show it:
  • Figures 1a, 1b a composite pane according to the invention as a roof pane of a motor vehicle
  • FIG. 2a shows an enlarged representation of the PDLC functional element in section X according to FIG. 1b
  • FIG. 2b shows an enlarged view of the electrochromic functional element in detail X' according to FIG. 1b
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the laminated pane according to the invention in different optical states during the method according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b represent an embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention, which is shaped as a roof pane of a motor vehicle.
  • the roof pane includes a first pane 1 as an outer pane, a second pane 2 as an inner pane and a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3, in which a PDLC functional element 5 and an electrochromic functional element 6 are embedded, each in the form of a multilayer film.
  • FIG. 1a shows a plan view of composite pane 100 as a roof pane of a motor vehicle.
  • FIG. 1b shows a cross section through the laminated pane according to FIG. 1a along section line AA′.
  • the first pane 1 and the second pane 2 are bent congruently to each other.
  • the first pane 1 as the outer pane of the glazing is oriented towards the vehicle surroundings, while the second pane 2 as the inner pane of the laminated pane faces the vehicle interior.
  • the first pane 1 consists of clear soda-lime glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm.
  • the second pane 2 consists of soda-lime glass with a thickness of
  • the discs 1, 2 are connected via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 with functional elements 5, 6 inserted therein.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 comprises the first thermoplastic composite film 4.1, the second thermoplastic composite film 4.2, the third thermoplastic composite film 4.3, the first thermoplastic frame film 7.1 and the second thermoplastic frame film 7.2.
  • the first and the second thermoplastic composite film 4.1, 4.2 each comprise a thermoplastic film made from PVB with a thickness of 0.38 mm.
  • the PDLC functional element 5 is also connected to the first pane 1 via the first thermoplastic composite film 4.1, while the second thermoplastic composite film 4.2 connects the electrochromic functional element 6 to the second pane 2.
  • the third thermoplastic composite film 4.3 consists of PVB with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m and connects the PDLC functional element 5 and the electrochromic functional element e to one another.
  • the PDLC functional element 5 is frame-shaped from a first thermoplastic frame film
  • the electrochromic functional element e is surrounded in the form of a frame by a second thermoplastic frame film 7.2, both frame films 7.1, 7.2 having a thickness of 0.38 mm and thus corresponding in thickness to the thickness of the functional elements 5, 6 designed as multilayer films.
  • the optical properties of the functional elements 5, 6 can be controlled by applying an electrical voltage.
  • the electrical leads are not shown for the sake of simplicity.
  • the functional elements 5, 6 have identical dimensions in the present exemplary embodiment, but their dimensions can also differ.
  • An edge seal 16 is provided along the peripheral edges 8 of the functional elements 5, 6, which encloses the peripheral edge 8 (shown in FIGS. 2a, 2b).
  • the edge seal 16 can be glued around the edge 8 in the form of an adhesive tape, for example.
  • a functional element 5 in the area of the peripheral edge 8 of a functional element 5, 6 barrier films (not shown), for example consisting of PET, which surround the peripheral edge 8 and serve as an edge seal.
  • the PDLC functional element 5 is preferably provided with an edge seal made of PET barrier films. Diffusion of the plasticizer from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 into the functional elements 5, 6 is avoided by means of the edge sealing 16.
  • the functional elements 5, 6 can be switched variably in the form of segments 14.
  • the functional elements 5, 6 are divided into three segments 14 by horizontal dividing lines 15, with the dividing lines 15 introduced in the PDLC functional element 5 and in the electrochromic functional element 6 running congruently with one another.
  • the separating lines 15, which cause the segments 14 to be electrically insulated from one another, have a width of 40 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m, for example. They have been incorporated into the prefabricated multi-layer films using a laser. Collector conductors (not shown) are attached between mutually adjacent separating lines 15 in the region of the opaque covering print 10 . The bus bars of the individual segments 14 each have a separate electrical connection. The segments 14 can be switched independently of one another. The thinner the dividing lines 15 are made, the less conspicuous they are.
  • the PDLC functional element 5 and the electrochromic functional element 6 can also be switched independently of one another, so that the switching processes of the method according to the invention can be carried out.
  • FIG. 2a shows an enlarged representation of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 with the PDLC functional element 5 in detail X according to FIG. 1b.
  • the PDLC functional element 5 is designed as a PDLC multilayer film.
  • the multilayer film consists of a PDLC layer 9.1 as an active layer between surface electrodes 12.3, 12.4 and carrier films 13.3, 13.4.
  • a third surface electrode 12.3 is attached to a third carrier film 13.3.
  • the fourth carrier film 13.4 carries the fourth surface electrode 12.4 on one surface.
  • the PDLC layer 9.1 is electrically conductively contacted between these surface electrodes.
  • the carrier foils 13.3, 13.4 consist of PET and have a thickness of, for example, 50 ⁇ m or 110 ⁇ m.
  • the carrier foils 13.3, 13.4 are provided with at least one coating made of ITO with a thickness of approximately 100 nm, facing the adjacent PDLC layer 9.1, which forms the surface electrodes 12.3, 12.4.
  • the surface electrodes 12.3, 12.4 can be connected to a voltage source via busbars (not shown, for example, formed by a silver-containing screen print) and connecting cables, not shown.
  • FIG. 2b shows an enlarged representation of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 with the electrochromic functional element 6 in detail X′ according to FIG. 1b.
  • the electrochromic functional element 6 is designed as an electrochromic multilayer film.
  • the multilayer film consists of an electrochromic layer 9.2 as an active layer between surface electrodes 12.1, 12.2 and carrier films 13.1, 13.2.
  • a first surface electrode 12.1 is attached to a first carrier film 13.1.
  • the second carrier film 13.2 carries the second flat electrode 12.2 on one surface.
  • the electrochromic layer 9.2 is located between these surface electrodes and is electrically conductively contacted by them.
  • the electrochromic layer comprises, adjacent to one of the surface electrodes 12.1, 12.2, in this order, a layer of an electrochromic material, an electrolyte and an ion storage layer, followed by the remaining surface electrode 12.1, 12.2.
  • the carrier films 13.1, 13.2 consist of PET and have a thickness of, for example, 125 ⁇ m to 180 ⁇ m, for example 150 ⁇ m.
  • the carrier foils 13.1, 13.2 are provided with at least one coating of ITO with a thickness of approximately 100 nm, which faces the adjacent electrochromic layer 9.2 and forms the surface electrodes 12.1, 12.2.
  • the surface electrodes 12.1, 12.2 can be connected to a voltage source via busbars (not shown, for example, formed by a silver-containing screen print) and connecting cables, not shown.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the laminated pane according to the invention in different optical states during the method according to the invention.
  • the structure of the laminated pane 100 essentially corresponds to that described in FIGS. 1a, 1b, with the difference being that no separating lines are introduced into the surface electrodes.
  • State A shows a first transparent state of the laminated pane 100, in which an operating voltage Ui is present at the PDLC functional element 5 and the PDLC functional element 5 thus assumes a transparent state of low turbidity.
  • the PDLC functional element 5 is then switched off, with the voltage between the third surface electrode 12.3 and the fourth surface electrode being 12.40 V.
  • the PDLC functional element 5 changes to a clouded state and optical state B) of the laminated pane results.
  • An operating voltage U2 is then applied between the first surface electrode 12.1 and the second surface electrode 12.2 on the electrochromic functional element 6, which begins to change to the toned state due to the operating voltage applied.
  • This reaction is first visible at the edges of the field of vision of the laminated pane 100, with condition C) being that according to 5 Seconds waiting time reached state is outlined. Thereafter, the voltage between the third surface electrode 12.3 and the fourth surface electrode 12.4 on the PDLC functional element 5 is increased at a rate of 1.0 V/s up to the operating voltage Ui of the PDLC functional element 5.
  • the tinting process of the electrochromic functional element 6 continues, as shown in states D) and E).
  • the no-load voltage present between the first flat electrode and the second flat electrode is measured periodically, for example at intervals of 10 seconds, and compared to a target value for the no-load voltage.
  • the tinting process of the electrochromic functional element 6 is complete, as a result of which the second, darker state Z2 of the laminated pane 100 shown as state F) is reached.
  • an operating voltage U2 is again applied to the PDLC functional element 5, so that the latter is in a transparent state of low turbidity.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé permettant de commuter, d'un premier état transparent (Z1) à un second état foncé (Z2), une vitre composite comprenant au moins une première vitre (1) et une seconde vitre (2) qui sont reliées l'une à l'autre par l'intermédiaire d'une couche intermédiaire (3), un élément fonctionnel électrochrome (6) présentant une première électrode plane (12.1), une couche électrochromique (9.2) et une deuxième électrode plane (12.2), et un élément fonctionnel PDLC (5) présentant une troisième électrode plane (12,3), une couche de PDLC (9.1) et une quatrième électrode plane (12.4), étant incorporés dans la couche intermédiaire (3).
PCT/EP2022/078912 2021-10-28 2022-10-18 Procédé de commutation d'une vitre composite comprenant un élément fonctionnel électrochrome WO2023072673A1 (fr)

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1862849A1 (fr) 2006-05-30 2007-12-05 Schefenacker Vision Systems France Cellule électrochrome, son utilisation dans la réalisation d'une vitre ou d'un rétroviseur et son procédé de réalisation
EP2010385B1 (fr) 2006-04-20 2009-08-19 Pilkington Group Limited Vitrage feuillete
DE102008026339A1 (de) 2008-05-31 2009-12-03 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrisch schaltbares Sichtschutzfenster
WO2010147494A1 (fr) 2009-06-16 2010-12-23 Ydreams - Informática, S.A. Dispositif électrochromique et son procédé de production
WO2012007334A1 (fr) 2010-07-13 2012-01-19 Saint-Gobain Glass France Dispositif électrochromique
US20120026573A1 (en) 2010-11-08 2012-02-02 Soladigm, Inc. Electrochromic window fabrication methods
CN212873140U (zh) 2020-06-12 2021-04-02 深圳市光羿科技有限公司 一种多功能调光器件及其夹胶玻璃、中空玻璃及贴附膜
WO2022097739A1 (fr) * 2020-11-05 2022-05-12 積水化学工業株式会社 Structure de film intercouche pour panneau stratifié, et structure de panneau stratifié

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2010385B1 (fr) 2006-04-20 2009-08-19 Pilkington Group Limited Vitrage feuillete
EP1862849A1 (fr) 2006-05-30 2007-12-05 Schefenacker Vision Systems France Cellule électrochrome, son utilisation dans la réalisation d'une vitre ou d'un rétroviseur et son procédé de réalisation
DE102008026339A1 (de) 2008-05-31 2009-12-03 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrisch schaltbares Sichtschutzfenster
WO2010147494A1 (fr) 2009-06-16 2010-12-23 Ydreams - Informática, S.A. Dispositif électrochromique et son procédé de production
WO2012007334A1 (fr) 2010-07-13 2012-01-19 Saint-Gobain Glass France Dispositif électrochromique
US20120026573A1 (en) 2010-11-08 2012-02-02 Soladigm, Inc. Electrochromic window fabrication methods
CN212873140U (zh) 2020-06-12 2021-04-02 深圳市光羿科技有限公司 一种多功能调光器件及其夹胶玻璃、中空玻璃及贴附膜
WO2022097739A1 (fr) * 2020-11-05 2022-05-12 積水化学工業株式会社 Structure de film intercouche pour panneau stratifié, et structure de panneau stratifié

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