WO2023071317A1 - Negative electrode plate, battery cell, and lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Negative electrode plate, battery cell, and lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023071317A1
WO2023071317A1 PCT/CN2022/107031 CN2022107031W WO2023071317A1 WO 2023071317 A1 WO2023071317 A1 WO 2023071317A1 CN 2022107031 W CN2022107031 W CN 2022107031W WO 2023071317 A1 WO2023071317 A1 WO 2023071317A1
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Prior art keywords
negative electrode
active layer
electrode active
silicon
composite material
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PCT/CN2022/107031
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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方刚
李文成
高飞
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蜂巢能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023071317A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023071317A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of lithium-ion batteries, in particular, to a negative electrode sheet, a battery cell and a lithium-ion battery.
  • the weakest charging capacity is at the edge of the negative electrode ear side.
  • the main reason is that there will be a thinned area on the edge when the negative electrode sheet is coated. Insufficient, lithium precipitation is more likely to occur during the fast charging process, and the thickness of the negative electrode in this area is thinner, the hot pressing of the pole piece or the binding of the battery shell is weak, the corresponding battery interface is poor, and it is more likely to occur during the fast charging process Analyze lithium.
  • An object of the present disclosure is to provide a negative electrode sheet, so as to overcome the problem of poor performance due to the lithium deposition at this position caused by the existence of the thinned region of the negative electrode in the lithium-ion battery.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a battery cell.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a lithium ion battery.
  • a negative electrode sheet comprising a negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode ear, a negative electrode active layer and a silicon-carbon composite material layer, at least one side surface of the negative electrode current collector is provided with an empty foil area and a coated area, and the empty foil area is provided with There is the negative electrode tab, and the negative electrode active layer is arranged on the coating area;
  • the negative electrode active layer is sequentially divided into a first negative electrode active layer, a second negative electrode active layer and a third negative electrode active layer, the first negative electrode active layer is close to the negative electrode ear, along the In the direction of the length of the negative electrode current collector and close to the negative electrode ear, the thickness of the first negative electrode active layer gradually becomes thinner, and the thickness of the third negative electrode active layer gradually becomes thicker;
  • the silicon-carbon composite material layer is disposed on at least part of the surface of the negative tab;
  • the silicon-carbon composite material layer is disposed on the surface of the negative electrode active layer including at least the first negative electrode active layer;
  • the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer gradually becomes thicker, and the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer The thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer gradually becomes thinner.
  • the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of one side of the negative electrode current collector is 3-20 mm.
  • the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of one side of the negative electrode tab is 0-5 mm;
  • the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer is 3-15 mm.
  • the thickness of the first negative electrode active layer becomes linearly thinner, and the thickness of the third negative electrode active layer becomes linearly thicker,
  • the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer increases linearly, and the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer decreases linearly.
  • the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer is 5-30 ⁇ m
  • the silicon carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer The thickness of the carbon composite material layer is 5-30 ⁇ m.
  • the average thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer is higher than the average thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer.
  • the negative electrode active layer is a graphite layer.
  • the silicon-carbon composite material layer when the silicon-carbon composite material layer is disposed on at least part of the surface of the negative tab, the silicon-carbon composite material layer is replaced by a hard carbon layer or a graphite layer.
  • An electric core comprising the above-mentioned negative electrode sheet and positive electrode sheet.
  • a lithium ion battery comprising the above-mentioned electric core.
  • the negative electrode sheet in the present disclosure is provided with a silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of the thinned area and/or negative tab, which can not only increase the N/P ratio of the thinned area by utilizing the high gram capacity of the silicon material, but also increase the N/P ratio of the thinned area.
  • the interface of the thinned area is improved by taking advantage of the large expansion of the silicon material, and the risk of lithium precipitation in the thinned area is improved from two aspects.
  • the cell in the present disclosure can overcome the problem of weak lithium separation performance at this position caused by the existence of the negative electrode thinning area through the cooperation of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the lithium ion battery in the present disclosure has excellent cycle performance.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of negative plate in embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the positive electrode sheet in Example 2.
  • the present disclosure relates to a negative electrode sheet, including a negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode ear, a negative electrode active layer, and a silicon-carbon composite material layer. At least one side surface of the negative electrode current collector is provided with an empty foil area and a coating. A covered area, the negative electrode tab is provided on the empty foil area, and the negative electrode active layer is provided on the coated area;
  • the negative electrode active layer is sequentially divided into a first negative electrode active layer, a second negative electrode active layer and a third negative electrode active layer, the first negative electrode active layer is close to the negative electrode ear, along the In the direction of the length of the negative electrode current collector and close to the negative electrode ear, the thickness of the first negative electrode active layer gradually becomes thinner, and the thickness of the third negative electrode active layer gradually becomes thicker;
  • the silicon-carbon composite material layer is disposed on at least part of the surface of the negative tab;
  • the silicon-carbon composite material layer is disposed on the surface of the negative electrode active layer including at least the first negative electrode active layer;
  • the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer gradually becomes thicker, and the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer The thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer gradually becomes thinner.
  • FTW positive and negative tabs on different sides
  • the current coating ability can only cut out one pole piece.
  • the positive electrode sheet On the side of the negative electrode tab, the positive electrode sheet has no thinned area, and the negative electrode sheet has a thinned area, so the risk of lithium precipitation is higher than that of the MTW (positive and negative electrode tabs on the same side) structure.
  • the silicon-carbon composite material layer is made of slurry mixed with silicon-carbon composite material, binder, conductive agent and solvent.
  • the method for preparing the above-mentioned silicon-carbon composite material includes the following steps:
  • porous nano-silicon use a disc chipper to eliminate scrapped solar silicon panels to a particle size of 800 meters of silicon, then carry out sand grinding and classification by a mechanical mill to obtain a particle size of 100nm nano-silicon, and then Sequentially use ethanol and deionized water (volume ratio 1:1) to carry out ultrasonic cleaning, filter, then transfer to 0.1mol/L hydrofluoric acid and soak for 12h, and use deionized water to clean, dry to obtain porous nano-silicon;
  • the negative electrode sheet in the present disclosure is provided with a silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of the thinned area or the negative tab, which can not only increase the N/P ratio of the thinned area by utilizing the high gram capacity of the silicon material, but also utilize the large expansion of the silicon material.
  • the negative electrode current collector includes copper foil.
  • the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of one side of the negative electrode current collector is 3-20 mm.
  • the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer is specifically 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm, 12mm, 13mm, 14mm, 15mm, 16mm, 17mm, 18mm, 19mm, etc. Other numerical values within the above range can be selected, which are not limited here.
  • the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of one side of the negative electrode tab is 0-5 mm. In one embodiment, the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of one side of the negative tab is specifically 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, etc., and can also be selected Other values within the above range are not limited here.
  • the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer is 3-15 mm.
  • the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer is specifically 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm, 12mm, 13mm, 14mm, etc. Other numerical values within the above range are selected, which are not limited here.
  • the thickness of the first negative electrode active layer becomes linearly thinner, and the thickness of the third negative electrode active layer becomes linearly thicker,
  • the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer increases linearly, and the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer decreases linearly.
  • the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer is 5-30 ⁇ m. In one embodiment, the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative active layer is specifically 7 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, 12 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m, 18 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, 22 ⁇ m, 25 ⁇ m, 27 ⁇ m, 29 ⁇ m, etc. Other numerical values within the above range are selected, which are not limited here.
  • the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer is 5-30 ⁇ m. In one embodiment, the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer is specifically 7 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, 12 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m, 17 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, 22 ⁇ m, 25 ⁇ m, 27 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, etc. Other numerical values within the above range are selected, which are not limited here.
  • the average thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer is higher than the average thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer.
  • the use of silicon-containing materials can flexibly control the silicon content in the slurry or adjust the coating thickness, so as to achieve different electrode pieces matching different thinning degrees. Improve the effect.
  • the negative electrode active layer is a graphite layer. It is the conventional graphite layer in the prior art.
  • the silicon-carbon composite material layer when the silicon-carbon composite material layer is disposed on at least part of the surface of the negative tab, the silicon-carbon composite material layer is replaced by a hard carbon layer or a graphite layer.
  • the silicon-carbon composite material layer is only disposed on at least part of the surface of the negative electrode tab, and exists side by side with the negative electrode active layer. It can contain only the silicon-carbon composite material layer, can use high grammage materials such as hard carbon and natural graphite instead of the silicon-carbon composite material layer, or can use a mixed coating of several substances.
  • the present disclosure relates to an electric cell, comprising the above-mentioned negative electrode sheet and positive electrode sheet.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector, a positive electrode ear, a positive electrode active layer and a ceramic layer;
  • the first side surface of the positive current collector is provided with a third empty foil area and a third coating area, and the second side surface is provided with a fourth empty foil area and a fourth coating area; the third empty foil area and the fourth The empty foil area is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positive electrode current collector; the third coating area and the fourth coating area are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positive electrode current collector;
  • Positive tabs are provided on the third empty foil area and the fourth empty foil area;
  • a positive electrode active layer is provided on the third coating area; along the length direction of the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode active layer is sequentially divided into a first positive electrode active layer and a second positive electrode active layer, and the first positive electrode active layer A positive electrode active layer is close to the negative electrode ear, along the length of the positive electrode current collector and in the direction close to the positive electrode ear, the thickness of the first positive electrode active layer is linearly thinner; the first positive electrode active layer is provided with a ceramic layer, along the length of the positive electrode current collector and in the direction close to the positive tab, the thickness of the ceramic layer gradually becomes thicker linearly;
  • the third positive electrode active layer and the fourth positive electrode active layer are arranged on the fourth coating area, the first positive electrode active layer and the third positive electrode active layer are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the positive electrode current collector, and the second The positive electrode active layer and the fourth positive electrode active layer are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the ceramic layer is a conventional ceramic layer in the prior art.
  • the improvement is carried out in the thinned area of the positive electrode sheet, including:
  • the coating material of the positive electrode edge is different from 5 to 15 mm, such as replacing it with NCM622, NCM523, NCM111 and other low-gram-capacity positive electrode materials in a high-nickel system.
  • the ratio of coating materials on the edge 5-15mm is different, such as ternary, NMx, and LFP ratios are reduced.
  • the present disclosure relates to a lithium-ion battery, including the battery cell as described above.
  • the lithium ion battery has excellent cycle performance and the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the negative electrode sheet in Example 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the positive electrode sheet in Example 2.
  • a negative electrode sheet comprising a negative electrode current collector 1, a negative electrode ear 2, a negative electrode active layer and a silicon-carbon composite material layer, the first side surface of the negative electrode current collector 1 is provided with a first empty foil area and a first coated area , the second side surface of the negative electrode collector 1 is provided with a second empty foil area and a second coating area; the first empty foil area and the second empty foil area are on both side surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 1 It is symmetrically arranged, and the first coating area and the second coating area are symmetrically arranged on the two side surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 1;
  • the negative electrode tab 2 is arranged on the first empty foil region, and the first negative electrode active layer 3 is arranged on the first coated region;
  • the negative electrode active layer On the first side surface, along the length direction of the negative electrode current collector 1, the negative electrode active layer is sequentially divided into a first negative electrode active layer 3, a second negative electrode active layer 4 and a third negative electrode active layer 5, the first negative electrode active layer A negative electrode active layer 3 is close to the negative electrode ear 2, along the length of the negative electrode current collector 1 and in the direction close to the negative electrode ear 2, the thickness of the first negative electrode active layer 3 gradually becomes thinner linearly, and the first negative electrode active layer 3 gradually becomes thinner. The thickness of the three negative electrode active layers 5 gradually becomes thicker linearly;
  • the two sides of the negative electrode tab 2 are provided with a second silicon-carbon composite material layer 201, a first silicon-carbon composite material layer 9 and a third silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer 3 and on the third negative electrode active layer 5, respectively.
  • 10 Along the length of the negative electrode current collector 1 and in the direction close to the negative electrode ear 2, the thickness of the first silicon-carbon composite material layer 9 gradually becomes thicker linearly, and the thickness of the third silicon-carbon composite material layer 10 gradually becomes thinner linearly ;
  • the length of the second silicon-carbon composite material layer 201 is 2 mm
  • the length of the first silicon-carbon composite material layer 9 is 7 mm
  • the length of the third silicon-carbon composite material layer 10 is 7 mm.
  • the average thickness of the first silicon-carbon composite material layer 9 is higher than the average thickness of the third silicon-carbon composite material layer 10;
  • the negative electrode active layer is successively divided into the fourth negative electrode active layer 6, the fifth negative electrode active layer 7 and the sixth negative electrode active layer 8, and the fourth negative electrode active layer Layer 6, the fifth negative electrode active layer 7 and the sixth negative electrode active layer 8 are respectively arranged symmetrically with the first negative electrode active layer 3, the second negative electrode active layer 4 and the third negative electrode active layer 5 with the negative electrode current collector 1; the fourth negative electrode A fourth silicon-carbon composite material layer 11 and a fifth silicon-carbon composite material layer 12 are respectively arranged on the active layer 6 and the sixth negative electrode active layer 8, and the fourth silicon-carbon composite material layer 11 and the fifth silicon-carbon composite material layer 12 are respectively It is arranged symmetrically with the first silicon-carbon composite material layer 9 and the third silicon-carbon composite material layer 10 with the negative electrode current collector 1;
  • the above-mentioned silicon-carbon composite material layer is nano-silicon oxide; the particle size of nano-silicon oxide is 0.1-1 ⁇ m, and the negative electrode active layer is a graphite layer.
  • a battery cell comprising the negative electrode sheet and the positive electrode sheet of embodiment 1;
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector 13, a positive electrode ear 14, a positive electrode active layer and a ceramic layer;
  • the first side surface of the positive electrode current collector 13 is provided with a third empty foil region and a third coating region, and the second side surface is provided with a fourth empty foil region and a fourth coating region; the third empty foil region and the first The four empty foil regions are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positive electrode collector 13; the third coating region and the fourth coating region are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positive electrode collector 13;
  • Positive tabs 14 are arranged on the third empty foil area and the fourth empty foil area;
  • a positive electrode active layer is provided on the third coating area; along the length direction of the positive electrode current collector 13, the positive electrode active layer is sequentially divided into a first positive electrode active layer 15 and a second positive electrode active layer 16, The first positive electrode active layer 15 is close to the negative electrode ear 2, and along the length of the positive electrode current collector 13 and in the direction close to the positive electrode ear 14, the thickness of the first positive electrode active layer 15 gradually becomes thinner linearly; A first ceramic layer 19 is disposed on the first positive electrode active layer 15, and along the length of the positive electrode current collector 13 and in a direction close to the positive electrode ear 14, the thickness of the first ceramic layer 19 gradually becomes thicker linearly;
  • the third positive electrode active layer 17 and the fourth positive electrode active layer 18 are arranged on the fourth coating area, and the first positive electrode active layer 15 and the third positive electrode active layer 17 are formed on both sides of the positive electrode current collector 13.
  • the second positive electrode active layer 16 and the fourth positive electrode active layer 18 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positive electrode current collector 13
  • the second ceramic layer 20 is arranged on the third positive electrode active layer 17, and the second ceramic layer 20 and the first ceramic layer
  • the layer 19 is arranged symmetrically on both sides of the positive electrode collector 13;
  • the positive tab 14 and the negative tab 2 are located at different ends of the cell.
  • a negative electrode sheet except that the second silicon-carbon composite material layer 201 is not set on the negative electrode sheet, the length of the first silicon-carbon composite material layer 9 is 5 mm, the length of the third silicon-carbon composite material layer 10 is 5 mm, and other conditions are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
  • a negative electrode sheet except that in the length direction of the negative electrode current collector 1, the length of the second silicon-carbon composite material layer 201 is 5mm, the length of the first silicon-carbon composite material layer 9 is 7.5mm, and the third silicon-carbon composite material layer The length of 10 is 7.5mm, and other conditions are with embodiment 1.
  • the present disclosure provides a negative electrode sheet, a battery cell and a lithium ion battery.
  • the negative electrode sheet in the present disclosure is provided with a silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of the thinned area and/or the negative tab, which can not only increase the N/P ratio of the thinned area by utilizing the high gram capacity of the silicon material, but also use the silicon material.
  • the large expansion feature improves the interface of the thinned area, and improves the risk of lithium precipitation in the thinned area from two aspects.

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Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and specifically to a negative electrode plate, a battery cell, and a lithium ion battery. The negative electrode plate comprises a negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode lug, a negative electrode active layer and a silicon carbide composite material layer. An empty foil area and a coating area are disposed on at least one side surface of the negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode lug is disposed on the empty foil area, and the negative electrode active layer is disposed on the coating area. The negative electrode active layer is sequentially divided into a first negative electrode active layer, a second negative electrode active layer and a third negative electrode active layer along a length direction of the negative electrode current collector. The first negative electrode active layer is close to the negative electrode lug, and in the direction close to the negative electrode lug, the thickness of the first negative electrode active layer gradually decreases and the thickness of the third negative electrode active layer gradually increases. The silicon carbide composite material layer is disposed on at least part of the surface of the negative electrode lug, and/or at least comprises a surface of the negative electrode active layer of the first negative electrode active layer. The negative electrode plate can overcome the problems of lithium precipitation and weak performance caused by the existence of a negative electrode thinning area.

Description

一种负极片、电芯和锂离子电池A kind of negative plate, battery cell and lithium ion battery
相关申请的交叉引用Cross References to Related Applications
本申请要求于2021年10月29日提交中国专利局的申请号为2021226346675、名称为“一种负极片、电芯和锂离子电池”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。This application claims the priority of the Chinese Patent Application No. 2021226346675 entitled "A Negative Electrode Sheet, Battery Cell, and Lithium-ion Battery" filed with the China Patent Office on October 29, 2021, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference In this application.
技术领域technical field
本公开涉及锂离子电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种负极片、电芯和锂离子电池。The present disclosure relates to the technical field of lithium-ion batteries, in particular, to a negative electrode sheet, a battery cell and a lithium-ion battery.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，国内新能源汽车行业快速发展，对电芯的性能要求越来越严格，尤其是在各种工况下的安全性能越来越受到重视。现在越来越多新能源汽车都对快充能力提出了要求，一旦锂电池无法满足快充要求，金属锂就会在负极表面析出从而形成锂枝晶，随着锂枝晶的进一步生长，穿透隔离膜，引起正负极短路，会造成很大的安全隐患。In recent years, with the rapid development of the domestic new energy automobile industry, the performance requirements for batteries have become more and more stringent, especially the safety performance under various working conditions has received more and more attention. Now more and more new energy vehicles have put forward requirements for fast charging capability. Once the lithium battery cannot meet the fast charging requirements, metallic lithium will precipitate on the surface of the negative electrode to form lithium dendrites. With the further growth of lithium dendrites, wear Through the isolation film, it will cause a short circuit between the positive and negative poles, which will cause a great safety hazard.
在电芯中，充电能力最弱的是在负极极耳侧的边缘位置，主要原因在于负极片涂布时边缘会存在削薄区，该区域负极负极活性物质含量较少，容纳锂离子的能力不足，在快充过程中更容易出现析锂，并且，该区域负极厚度较薄，极片热压或者收电池外壳束缚较弱，对应的电芯界面较差，在快充过程中更容易出现析锂。In the battery cell, the weakest charging capacity is at the edge of the negative electrode ear side. The main reason is that there will be a thinned area on the edge when the negative electrode sheet is coated. Insufficient, lithium precipitation is more likely to occur during the fast charging process, and the thickness of the negative electrode in this area is thinner, the hot pressing of the pole piece or the binding of the battery shell is weak, the corresponding battery interface is poor, and it is more likely to occur during the fast charging process Analyze lithium.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本公开的一个目的在于提供一种负极片，以克服锂离子电池中，由于负极削薄区的存在造成的该位置析锂，性能较弱的问题。An object of the present disclosure is to provide a negative electrode sheet, so as to overcome the problem of poor performance due to the lithium deposition at this position caused by the existence of the thinned region of the negative electrode in the lithium-ion battery.
本公开的另一个目的在于提供一种电芯。Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a battery cell.
本公开的另一个目的在于提供一种锂离子电池。Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a lithium ion battery.
为了实现本公开的上述目的，特采用以下技术方案：In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present disclosure, the following technical solutions are specially adopted:
一种负极片，包括负极集流体、负极耳、负极活性层和硅碳复合材料层，所述负极集流体的至少一侧表面设置有空箔区域和涂覆区域，所述空箔区域上设置有所述负极耳，所述涂覆区域上设置有所述负极活性层；A negative electrode sheet, comprising a negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode ear, a negative electrode active layer and a silicon-carbon composite material layer, at least one side surface of the negative electrode current collector is provided with an empty foil area and a coated area, and the empty foil area is provided with There is the negative electrode tab, and the negative electrode active layer is arranged on the coating area;
沿所述负极集流体长度方向上，所述负极活性层依次分为第一负极活性层、第二负极活性层和第三负极活性层，所述第一负极活性层靠近所述负极耳，沿所述负极集流体长度且靠近所述负极耳的方向上，所述第一负极活性层的厚度逐渐变薄，所述第三负极活性层的厚度逐渐变厚；Along the length direction of the negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode active layer is sequentially divided into a first negative electrode active layer, a second negative electrode active layer and a third negative electrode active layer, the first negative electrode active layer is close to the negative electrode ear, along the In the direction of the length of the negative electrode current collector and close to the negative electrode ear, the thickness of the first negative electrode active layer gradually becomes thinner, and the thickness of the third negative electrode active layer gradually becomes thicker;
所述硅碳复合材料层设置于所述负极耳的至少部分表面；The silicon-carbon composite material layer is disposed on at least part of the surface of the negative tab;
和/或，所述硅碳复合材料层设置于至少包括所述第一负极活性层的所述负极活性层的表面；And/or, the silicon-carbon composite material layer is disposed on the surface of the negative electrode active layer including at least the first negative electrode active layer;
沿所述负极集流体长度且靠近所述负极耳的方向上，所述第一负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度逐渐变厚，所述第三负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度逐渐变薄。Along the length of the negative electrode current collector and in the direction close to the negative electrode ear, the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer gradually becomes thicker, and the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer The thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer gradually becomes thinner.
一实施方式中，沿所述负极集流体长度方向上，所述负极集流体单侧表面上的所述硅碳复合材料层的长度为3～20mm。In one embodiment, along the length direction of the negative electrode current collector, the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of one side of the negative electrode current collector is 3-20 mm.
一实施方式中，沿所述负极集流体长度方向上，所述负极耳单侧表面的所述硅碳复合材料层的长度为0～5mm；In one embodiment, along the length direction of the negative electrode current collector, the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of one side of the negative electrode tab is 0-5 mm;
所述负极集流体单侧表面上，所述第一负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的长度为3～15mm。On the surface of one side of the negative electrode current collector, the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer is 3-15 mm.
一实施方式中，沿所述负极集流体长度且靠近所述负极耳的方向上，所述第一负极活性层的厚度呈线性变薄，所述第三负极活性层的厚度呈线性变厚，所述第一负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度呈线性变厚，所述第三负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度呈线性变薄。In one embodiment, along the length of the negative electrode current collector and in a direction close to the negative electrode ear, the thickness of the first negative electrode active layer becomes linearly thinner, and the thickness of the third negative electrode active layer becomes linearly thicker, The thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer increases linearly, and the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer decreases linearly.
一实施方式中，所述负极集流体单侧表面上，所述第一负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度为5～30μm，所述第三负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度为5～30μm。In one embodiment, on the surface of one side of the negative electrode current collector, the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer is 5-30 μm, and the silicon carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer The thickness of the carbon composite material layer is 5-30 μm.
一实施方式中，所述第一负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的平均厚度高于所述第三负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的平均厚度。In one embodiment, the average thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer is higher than the average thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer.
一实施方式中，所述负极活性层为石墨层。In one embodiment, the negative electrode active layer is a graphite layer.
一实施方式中，当所述硅碳复合材料层设置于所述负极耳的至少部分表面上时，所述硅碳复合材料层替换为硬碳层或石墨层。In one embodiment, when the silicon-carbon composite material layer is disposed on at least part of the surface of the negative tab, the silicon-carbon composite material layer is replaced by a hard carbon layer or a graphite layer.
一种电芯，包括如上所述的负极片和正极片。An electric core, comprising the above-mentioned negative electrode sheet and positive electrode sheet.
一种锂离子电池，包括如上所述的电芯。A lithium ion battery, comprising the above-mentioned electric core.
与现有技术相比，本公开的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present disclosure are:
(1)本公开中的负极片在在削薄区和/或负极耳表面设置含硅碳复合材料层，既能利用硅材料的高克容量的性质增加削薄区N/P比，又能利用硅材料膨胀大的特点改善削薄区的界面，从两方面改善削薄区的析锂风险。(1) The negative electrode sheet in the present disclosure is provided with a silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of the thinned area and/or negative tab, which can not only increase the N/P ratio of the thinned area by utilizing the high gram capacity of the silicon material, but also increase the N/P ratio of the thinned area. The interface of the thinned area is improved by taking advantage of the large expansion of the silicon material, and the risk of lithium precipitation in the thinned area is improved from two aspects.
(2)本公开中的电芯通过正极片和负极片的配合，可以克服负极削薄区的存在造成的该位置析锂性能较弱的问题。(2) The cell in the present disclosure can overcome the problem of weak lithium separation performance at this position caused by the existence of the negative electrode thinning area through the cooperation of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
(3)本公开中的锂离子电池具有优异的循环性能。(3) The lithium ion battery in the present disclosure has excellent cycle performance.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施方式的技术方案，下面将对实施方式中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示例地表征本公开的实施方式，图中尺寸比例与实施方式的真实比例并不能直接对应，同时以下附图仅示出了本公开的某些实施方式，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings are only illustrative of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and the size ratios in the drawings The true scale of the embodiments does not correspond directly, while the following figures only illustrate certain embodiments of the present disclosure and thus should not be considered as limiting the scope.
图1为实施例1中负极片的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of negative plate in embodiment 1;
图2为实施例2中正极片的结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the positive electrode sheet in Example 2.
附图标记：Reference signs:
1-负极集流体、2-负极耳、201-第二硅碳复合材料层、3-第一负极活性层、4-第二负极活性层、5-第三负极活性层、6-第四负极活性层、7-第五负极活性层、8-第六负极活性层、9-第一硅碳复合材料层、10-第三硅碳复合材料层、11-第四硅碳复合材料层、12-第五硅碳复合材料层、13-正极集流体、14-正极耳、15-第一正极活性层、16-第二正极活性层、17-第三正极活性层、18-第四正极活性层、19-第一陶瓷层、20-第二陶瓷层。1-Negative electrode current collector, 2-Negative electrode ear, 201-Second silicon-carbon composite material layer, 3-First negative electrode active layer, 4-Second negative electrode active layer, 5-Third negative electrode active layer, 6-Fourth negative electrode Active layer, 7-fifth negative electrode active layer, 8-sixth negative electrode active layer, 9-first silicon-carbon composite material layer, 10-third silicon-carbon composite material layer, 11-fourth silicon-carbon composite material layer, 12 -The fifth silicon-carbon composite material layer, 13-positive electrode current collector, 14-positive electrode ear, 15-first positive electrode active layer, 16-second positive electrode active layer, 17-third positive electrode active layer, 18-fourth positive electrode active layer, 19-first ceramic layer, 20-second ceramic layer.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
发明内容中实施方式的优点将会在下面的说明书实施方式部分阐明，一部分根据说明书是显而易见的，或者可以通过本公开实施例的部分实施例而获得。The advantages of the embodiments in the summary of the invention will be explained in part of the embodiments in the following description, and part of them will be obvious from the description, or can be obtained through some of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
下面结合附图并通过一些实施方式来进一步说明本公开的技术方案。The technical solutions of the present disclosure will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and through some implementation manners.
为了使本公开的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本公开进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的实施例仅仅用以解释本公开，并不用于限定本公开。此外，下面所描述的本公开各个实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。在不脱离本 公开实施例原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本公开实施例的保护范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, the present disclosure will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described here are only used to explain the present disclosure, not to limit the present disclosure. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present disclosure described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute a conflict with each other. On the premise of not departing from the principles of the embodiments of the present disclosure, several improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also regarded as the protection scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
根据本公开的一个方面，本公开涉及一种负极片，包括负极集流体、负极耳、负极活性层和硅碳复合材料层，所述负极集流体的至少一侧表面设置有空箔区域和涂覆区域，所述空箔区域上设置有所述负极耳，所述涂覆区域上设置有所述负极活性层；According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure relates to a negative electrode sheet, including a negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode ear, a negative electrode active layer, and a silicon-carbon composite material layer. At least one side surface of the negative electrode current collector is provided with an empty foil area and a coating. A covered area, the negative electrode tab is provided on the empty foil area, and the negative electrode active layer is provided on the coated area;
沿所述负极集流体长度方向上，所述负极活性层依次分为第一负极活性层、第二负极活性层和第三负极活性层，所述第一负极活性层靠近所述负极耳，沿所述负极集流体长度且靠近所述负极耳的方向上，所述第一负极活性层的厚度逐渐变薄，所述第三负极活性层的厚度逐渐变厚；Along the length direction of the negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode active layer is sequentially divided into a first negative electrode active layer, a second negative electrode active layer and a third negative electrode active layer, the first negative electrode active layer is close to the negative electrode ear, along the In the direction of the length of the negative electrode current collector and close to the negative electrode ear, the thickness of the first negative electrode active layer gradually becomes thinner, and the thickness of the third negative electrode active layer gradually becomes thicker;
所述硅碳复合材料层设置于所述负极耳的至少部分表面；The silicon-carbon composite material layer is disposed on at least part of the surface of the negative tab;
和/或，所述硅碳复合材料层设置于至少包括所述第一负极活性层的所述负极活性层的表面；And/or, the silicon-carbon composite material layer is disposed on the surface of the negative electrode active layer including at least the first negative electrode active layer;
沿所述负极集流体长度且靠近所述负极耳的方向上，所述第一负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度逐渐变厚，所述第三负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度逐渐变薄。Along the length of the negative electrode current collector and in the direction close to the negative electrode ear, the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer gradually becomes thicker, and the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer The thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer gradually becomes thinner.
在FTW(正负极极耳在不同侧)结构电池中，当电芯宽度较长时(≥500mm)，目前的涂布能力，只能切出一条极片。在负极极耳一侧，正极片无削薄区，负极片有削薄区，析锂风险比MTW(正负极极耳在同侧)结构更高。In FTW (positive and negative tabs on different sides) structure battery, when the cell width is longer (≥500mm), the current coating ability can only cut out one pole piece. On the side of the negative electrode tab, the positive electrode sheet has no thinned area, and the negative electrode sheet has a thinned area, so the risk of lithium precipitation is higher than that of the MTW (positive and negative electrode tabs on the same side) structure.
硅碳复合材料层的制备原料和制备方法参照CN111682186B(一种硅碳复合材料、其制备方法和用途)。硅碳复合材料层是由硅碳复合材料、粘结剂、导电剂及溶剂混合的浆料制得。所述粘结剂为LA132粘结剂(具体为：丙烯腈和聚丙烯酸的交联物，分子量10万)，导电剂SP(超级炭黑)，溶剂为二次 蒸馏水，硅碳复合材料：SP：LA132:二次蒸馏水＝95g:1g:4g:220mL。For the raw materials and preparation method of the silicon-carbon composite material layer, refer to CN111682186B (a silicon-carbon composite material, its preparation method and application). The silicon-carbon composite material layer is made of slurry mixed with silicon-carbon composite material, binder, conductive agent and solvent. The binder is LA132 binder (specifically: cross-linked product of acrylonitrile and polyacrylic acid, molecular weight 100,000), conductive agent SP (super carbon black), solvent is double distilled water, silicon-carbon composite material: SP : LA132: twice distilled water=95g:1g:4g:220mL.
在一种实施方式中，上述硅碳复合材料的制备方法包括如下步骤：In one embodiment, the method for preparing the above-mentioned silicon-carbon composite material includes the following steps:
(1)多孔纳米硅的制备：采用盘式削片机对报废太阳能硅板进行消片到粒径为800米硅，再通过机械磨进行砂磨并分级得到粒径为100nm的纳米硅，然后依次采用乙醇和去离子水(体积比1:1)进行超声清洗，过滤，之后转移到0.1mol/L氢氟酸中浸泡12h，并采用去离子水清洗，干燥得到多孔纳米硅；(1) Preparation of porous nano-silicon: use a disc chipper to eliminate scrapped solar silicon panels to a particle size of 800 meters of silicon, then carry out sand grinding and classification by a mechanical mill to obtain a particle size of 100nm nano-silicon, and then Sequentially use ethanol and deionized water (volume ratio 1:1) to carry out ultrasonic cleaning, filter, then transfer to 0.1mol/L hydrofluoric acid and soak for 12h, and use deionized water to clean, dry to obtain porous nano-silicon;
(2)硅碳复合材料的制备：将1g乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷添加到20mL四氯化碳有机溶剂中配置成溶液，之后添加3g多孔纳米硅、1g聚乙二醇及1g氯化硅混合均匀后，超声分散6h，之后过滤固体产物并转移到管式炉中；煅烧：在惰性气氛下，升温到600℃并保温3h，之后降温到室温，得到硅碳复合材料。(2) Preparation of silicon-carbon composite material: Add 1g of vinyltriethoxysilane to 20mL of carbon tetrachloride organic solvent to form a solution, then add 3g of porous nano-silicon, 1g of polyethylene glycol and 1g of silicon chloride After mixing evenly, ultrasonically disperse for 6 hours, then filter the solid product and transfer it to a tube furnace; calcining: in an inert atmosphere, heat up to 600°C and keep it for 3 hours, then cool down to room temperature to obtain a silicon-carbon composite material.
本公开中的负极片在在削薄区或者负极耳表面设置硅碳复合材料层，既能利用硅材料的高克容量的性质增加削薄区N/P比，又能利用硅材料膨胀大的特点改善削薄区的界面，从两方面改善削薄区的析锂风险。The negative electrode sheet in the present disclosure is provided with a silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of the thinned area or the negative tab, which can not only increase the N/P ratio of the thinned area by utilizing the high gram capacity of the silicon material, but also utilize the large expansion of the silicon material. Features Improve the interface of the thinned area, and improve the risk of lithium precipitation in the thinned area from two aspects.
使用类似正极陶瓷涂层的涂布加工方式，不用对负极涂布设备进行大的改造，加工简单。涂布一次成型，不用进行第二次涂布。Using a coating processing method similar to the positive electrode ceramic coating, there is no need for major modifications to the negative electrode coating equipment, and the processing is simple. Coating is one-time forming, no need for second coating.
负极集流体包括铜箔。The negative electrode current collector includes copper foil.
一实施方式中，沿所述负极集流体长度方向上，所述负极集流体单侧表面上的所述硅碳复合材料层的长度为3～20mm。在一种实施方式中，所述硅碳复合材料层的长度具体为4mm、5mm、6mm、7mm、9mm、10mm、11mm、12mm、13mm、14mm、15mm、16mm、17mm、18mm、19mm等，还可以选择上述范围内的其他数值，在此不做限定。In one embodiment, along the length direction of the negative electrode current collector, the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of one side of the negative electrode current collector is 3-20 mm. In one embodiment, the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer is specifically 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm, 12mm, 13mm, 14mm, 15mm, 16mm, 17mm, 18mm, 19mm, etc. Other numerical values within the above range can be selected, which are not limited here.
一实施方式中，沿所述负极集流体长度方向上，所述负极耳单侧表面的所述硅碳复合材料层的长度为0～5mm。在一种实施方式中，所述负极耳单侧表 面的所述硅碳复合材料层的长度具体为1mm、1.5mm、2mm、2.5mm、3mm、3.5mm、4mm、4.5mm等，还可以选择上述范围内的其他数值，在此不做限定。In one embodiment, along the length direction of the negative electrode current collector, the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of one side of the negative electrode tab is 0-5 mm. In one embodiment, the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of one side of the negative tab is specifically 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, etc., and can also be selected Other values within the above range are not limited here.
所述负极集流体单侧表面上，所述第一负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的长度为3～15mm。在一种实施方式中，所述第一负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的长度具体为4mm、5mm、6mm、7mm、9mm、10mm、11mm、12mm、13mm、14mm等，还可以选择上述范围内的其他数值，在此不做限定。On the surface of one side of the negative electrode current collector, the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer is 3-15 mm. In one embodiment, the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer is specifically 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm, 12mm, 13mm, 14mm, etc. Other numerical values within the above range are selected, which are not limited here.
一实施方式中，沿所述负极集流体长度且靠近所述负极耳的方向上，所述第一负极活性层的厚度呈线性变薄，所述第三负极活性层的厚度呈线性变厚，所述第一负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度呈线性变厚，所述第三负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度呈线性变薄。In one embodiment, along the length of the negative electrode current collector and in a direction close to the negative electrode ear, the thickness of the first negative electrode active layer becomes linearly thinner, and the thickness of the third negative electrode active layer becomes linearly thicker, The thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer increases linearly, and the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer decreases linearly.
一实施方式中，所述负极集流体单侧表面上，所述第一负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度为5～30μm。在一种实施方式中，所述第一负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度具体为7μm、10μm、12μm、15μm、18μm、20μm、22μm、25μm、27μm、29μm等，还可以选择上述范围内的其他数值，在此不做限定。In one embodiment, on the surface of one side of the negative electrode current collector, the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer is 5-30 μm. In one embodiment, the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative active layer is specifically 7 μm, 10 μm, 12 μm, 15 μm, 18 μm, 20 μm, 22 μm, 25 μm, 27 μm, 29 μm, etc. Other numerical values within the above range are selected, which are not limited here.
所述第三负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度为5～30μm。在一种实施方式中，所述第三负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度具体为7μm、10μm、12μm、15μm、17μm、20μm、22μm、25μm、27μm、30μm等，还可以选择上述范围内的其他数值，在此不做限定。The thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer is 5-30 μm. In one embodiment, the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer is specifically 7 μm, 10 μm, 12 μm, 15 μm, 17 μm, 20 μm, 22 μm, 25 μm, 27 μm, 30 μm, etc. Other numerical values within the above range are selected, which are not limited here.
一实施方式中，所述第一负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的平均厚度高于所述第三负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的平均厚度。In one embodiment, the average thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer is higher than the average thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer.
由于FTW结构正极耳侧的削薄程度与负极耳侧的削薄程度不同，使用含硅材料可以灵活控制浆料中硅含量或者调整涂布厚度，实现针对不同削薄程度 的极片匹配不同的改善效果。Since the thinning degree of the positive ear side of the FTW structure is different from that of the negative electrode ear side, the use of silicon-containing materials can flexibly control the silicon content in the slurry or adjust the coating thickness, so as to achieve different electrode pieces matching different thinning degrees. Improve the effect.
所述负极活性层为石墨层。即为现有技术常规的石墨层。The negative electrode active layer is a graphite layer. It is the conventional graphite layer in the prior art.
一实施方式中，当所述硅碳复合材料层设置于所述负极耳的至少部分表面上时，所述硅碳复合材料层替换为硬碳层或石墨层。In one embodiment, when the silicon-carbon composite material layer is disposed on at least part of the surface of the negative tab, the silicon-carbon composite material layer is replaced by a hard carbon layer or a graphite layer.
在一种实施方式中，硅碳复合材料层只设置在负极耳的至少部分表面上，与负极活性层并列存在。可以只含硅碳复合材料层，可以使用硬碳、天然石墨等高克容量材料代替硅碳复合材料层，或者可以采用几种物质的混合涂层。另外，还可以增加负极片长度方向上两端表面涂层中负极活性材料的比例，第一负极活性层和第三负极活性层的长度分别为5～15mm，第一负极活性层或第三负极活性层中负极活性材料的比例高于第二负极活性层中负极活性材料的比例。In one embodiment, the silicon-carbon composite material layer is only disposed on at least part of the surface of the negative electrode tab, and exists side by side with the negative electrode active layer. It can contain only the silicon-carbon composite material layer, can use high grammage materials such as hard carbon and natural graphite instead of the silicon-carbon composite material layer, or can use a mixed coating of several substances. In addition, it is also possible to increase the proportion of the negative electrode active material in the surface coating at both ends of the negative electrode sheet in the length direction, the lengths of the first negative electrode active layer and the third negative electrode active layer are respectively 5-15 mm, and the first negative electrode active layer or the third negative electrode The ratio of the negative electrode active material in the active layer is higher than the ratio of the negative electrode active material in the second negative electrode active layer.
根据本公开的另一个方面，本公开涉及一种电芯，包括如上所述的负极片和正极片。According to another aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure relates to an electric cell, comprising the above-mentioned negative electrode sheet and positive electrode sheet.
正极片包括正极集流体、正极耳、正极活性层和陶瓷层；The positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector, a positive electrode ear, a positive electrode active layer and a ceramic layer;
所述正极集流体的第一侧表面设置有第三空箔区域和第三涂覆区域，第二侧表面设置有第四空箔区域和第四涂覆区域；第三空箔区域和第四空箔区域在正极集流体的两侧面呈对称设置；第三涂覆区域和第四涂覆区域在正极集流体的两侧面呈对称设置；The first side surface of the positive current collector is provided with a third empty foil area and a third coating area, and the second side surface is provided with a fourth empty foil area and a fourth coating area; the third empty foil area and the fourth The empty foil area is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positive electrode current collector; the third coating area and the fourth coating area are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positive electrode current collector;
第三空箔区域和第四空箔区域上设置有正极耳；Positive tabs are provided on the third empty foil area and the fourth empty foil area;
在第一侧表面上，第三涂覆区域上设置有正极活性层；沿所述正极集流体长度方向上，正极活性层依次分为第一正极活性层、第二正极活性层，所述第一正极活性层靠近所述负极耳，沿所述正极集流体长度且靠近所述正极耳的方向上，所述第一正极活性层的厚度呈线性逐渐变薄；第一正极活性层上设置陶 瓷层，沿所述正极集流体长度且靠近所述正极耳的方向上，所述陶瓷层的厚度呈线性逐渐变厚；On the first side surface, a positive electrode active layer is provided on the third coating area; along the length direction of the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode active layer is sequentially divided into a first positive electrode active layer and a second positive electrode active layer, and the first positive electrode active layer A positive electrode active layer is close to the negative electrode ear, along the length of the positive electrode current collector and in the direction close to the positive electrode ear, the thickness of the first positive electrode active layer is linearly thinner; the first positive electrode active layer is provided with a ceramic layer, along the length of the positive electrode current collector and in the direction close to the positive tab, the thickness of the ceramic layer gradually becomes thicker linearly;
在第二侧表面上，第四涂覆区域上设置有第三正极活性层、第四正极活性层，第一正极活性层和第三正极活性层在正极集流体两侧面呈对称设置，第二正极活性层和第四正极活性层在正极集流体两侧面呈对称设置。On the second side surface, the third positive electrode active layer and the fourth positive electrode active layer are arranged on the fourth coating area, the first positive electrode active layer and the third positive electrode active layer are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the positive electrode current collector, and the second The positive electrode active layer and the fourth positive electrode active layer are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the positive electrode current collector.
陶瓷层为现有技术中常规陶瓷层。The ceramic layer is a conventional ceramic layer in the prior art.
在一种实施方式中，在正极片削薄区进行改善，包括：In one embodiment, the improvement is carried out in the thinned area of the positive electrode sheet, including:
(1)使用低克容量物质：正极边缘5～15mm涂层材料不同，如在高镍体系中更换为NCM622、NCM523、NCM111等低克容量正极材料。(1) Use low-gram capacity materials: the coating material of the positive electrode edge is different from 5 to 15 mm, such as replacing it with NCM622, NCM523, NCM111 and other low-gram-capacity positive electrode materials in a high-nickel system.
(2)降低活性物质比例：边缘5～15mm涂层材料的比例不同，如三元，NMx、LFP的比例降低。(2) Reduce the ratio of active substances: the ratio of coating materials on the edge 5-15mm is different, such as ternary, NMx, and LFP ratios are reduced.
(3)增加极化。边缘5～15mm涂层区域的导电碳比例下降，或者粘接剂比例上升。(3) Increase polarization. The proportion of conductive carbon in the coating area of 5-15mm at the edge decreases, or the proportion of adhesive increases.
根据本公开的另一个方面，本公开涉及一种锂离子电池，包括如上所述的电芯。该锂离子电池具有优异的循环性能等。According to another aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure relates to a lithium-ion battery, including the battery cell as described above. The lithium ion battery has excellent cycle performance and the like.
下面将结合具体的实施例进一步进行说明。Further description will be given below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
图1为实施例1中负极片的结构示意图。图2为实施例2中正极片的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the negative electrode sheet in Example 1. FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the positive electrode sheet in Example 2.
实施例1Example 1
一种负极片，包括负极集流体1、负极耳2、负极活性层和硅碳复合材料层，所述负极集流体1的第一侧表面均设置有第一空箔区域和第一涂覆区域，所述负极集流体1的第二侧表面上设置有第二空箔区域和第二涂覆区域；所述第一空箔区域和第二空箔区域在负极集流体1的两个侧表面呈对称设置，第一 涂覆区域和第二涂覆区域在负极集流体1的两个侧表面呈对称设置；A negative electrode sheet, comprising a negative electrode current collector 1, a negative electrode ear 2, a negative electrode active layer and a silicon-carbon composite material layer, the first side surface of the negative electrode current collector 1 is provided with a first empty foil area and a first coated area , the second side surface of the negative electrode collector 1 is provided with a second empty foil area and a second coating area; the first empty foil area and the second empty foil area are on both side surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 1 It is symmetrically arranged, and the first coating area and the second coating area are symmetrically arranged on the two side surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 1;
所述第一空箔区域上设置有所述负极耳2，所述第一涂覆区域上设置有第一负极活性层3；The negative electrode tab 2 is arranged on the first empty foil region, and the first negative electrode active layer 3 is arranged on the first coated region;
在第一侧表面上，沿所述负极集流体1长度方向上，所述负极活性层依次分为第一负极活性层3、第二负极活性层4和第三负极活性层5，所述第一负极活性层3靠近所述负极耳2，沿所述负极集流体1长度且靠近所述负极耳2的方向上，所述第一负极活性层3的厚度呈线性逐渐变薄，所述第三负极活性层5的厚度呈线性逐渐变厚；On the first side surface, along the length direction of the negative electrode current collector 1, the negative electrode active layer is sequentially divided into a first negative electrode active layer 3, a second negative electrode active layer 4 and a third negative electrode active layer 5, the first negative electrode active layer A negative electrode active layer 3 is close to the negative electrode ear 2, along the length of the negative electrode current collector 1 and in the direction close to the negative electrode ear 2, the thickness of the first negative electrode active layer 3 gradually becomes thinner linearly, and the first negative electrode active layer 3 gradually becomes thinner. The thickness of the three negative electrode active layers 5 gradually becomes thicker linearly;
负极耳2的两侧表面设置有第二硅碳复合材料层201、第一负极活性层3上和第三负极活性层5上分别第一硅碳复合材料层9、第三硅碳复合材料层10；沿负极集流体1长度且靠近所述负极耳2的方向上，第一硅碳复合材料层9的厚度呈线性逐渐变厚，第三硅碳复合材料层10的厚度呈线性逐渐变薄；所述负极集流体1长度方向上，第二硅碳复合材料层201的长度为2mm，第一硅碳复合材料层9的长度为7mm，第三硅碳复合材料层10的长度为7mm，第一硅碳复合材料层9的平均厚度高于第三硅碳复合材料层10的平均厚度；The two sides of the negative electrode tab 2 are provided with a second silicon-carbon composite material layer 201, a first silicon-carbon composite material layer 9 and a third silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer 3 and on the third negative electrode active layer 5, respectively. 10: Along the length of the negative electrode current collector 1 and in the direction close to the negative electrode ear 2, the thickness of the first silicon-carbon composite material layer 9 gradually becomes thicker linearly, and the thickness of the third silicon-carbon composite material layer 10 gradually becomes thinner linearly ; In the length direction of the negative current collector 1, the length of the second silicon-carbon composite material layer 201 is 2 mm, the length of the first silicon-carbon composite material layer 9 is 7 mm, and the length of the third silicon-carbon composite material layer 10 is 7 mm. The average thickness of the first silicon-carbon composite material layer 9 is higher than the average thickness of the third silicon-carbon composite material layer 10;
在第二侧表面上，沿所述负极集流体1长度方向上，负极活性层依次分为第四负极活性层6、第五负极活性层7和第六负极活性层8，且第四负极活性层6、第五负极活性层7和第六负极活性层8分别与第一负极活性层3、第二负极活性层4和第三负极活性层5以负极集流体1呈对称设置；第四负极活性层6和第六负极活性层8上分别设置有第四硅碳复合材料层11和第五硅碳复合材料层12，第四硅碳复合材料层11和第五硅碳复合材料层12分别与第一硅碳复合材料层9和第三硅碳复合材料层10以负极集流体1呈对称设置；On the second side surface, along the length direction of the negative electrode current collector 1, the negative electrode active layer is successively divided into the fourth negative electrode active layer 6, the fifth negative electrode active layer 7 and the sixth negative electrode active layer 8, and the fourth negative electrode active layer Layer 6, the fifth negative electrode active layer 7 and the sixth negative electrode active layer 8 are respectively arranged symmetrically with the first negative electrode active layer 3, the second negative electrode active layer 4 and the third negative electrode active layer 5 with the negative electrode current collector 1; the fourth negative electrode A fourth silicon-carbon composite material layer 11 and a fifth silicon-carbon composite material layer 12 are respectively arranged on the active layer 6 and the sixth negative electrode active layer 8, and the fourth silicon-carbon composite material layer 11 and the fifth silicon-carbon composite material layer 12 are respectively It is arranged symmetrically with the first silicon-carbon composite material layer 9 and the third silicon-carbon composite material layer 10 with the negative electrode current collector 1;
上述的硅碳复合材料层为纳米氧化亚硅；纳米氧化亚硅的粒径为 0.1～1μm，负极活性层为石墨层。The above-mentioned silicon-carbon composite material layer is nano-silicon oxide; the particle size of nano-silicon oxide is 0.1-1 μm, and the negative electrode active layer is a graphite layer.
实施例2Example 2
一种电芯，包括实施例1的负极片和正极片；A battery cell, comprising the negative electrode sheet and the positive electrode sheet of embodiment 1;
正极片包括正极集流体13、正极耳14、正极活性层和陶瓷层；The positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector 13, a positive electrode ear 14, a positive electrode active layer and a ceramic layer;
所述正极集流体13的第一侧表面设置有第三空箔区域和第三涂覆区域，第二侧表面设置有第四空箔区域和第四涂覆区域；第三空箔区域和第四空箔区域在正极集流体13的两侧面呈对称设置；第三涂覆区域和第四涂覆区域在正极集流体13的两侧面呈对称设置；The first side surface of the positive electrode current collector 13 is provided with a third empty foil region and a third coating region, and the second side surface is provided with a fourth empty foil region and a fourth coating region; the third empty foil region and the first The four empty foil regions are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positive electrode collector 13; the third coating region and the fourth coating region are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positive electrode collector 13;
第三空箔区域和第四空箔区域上设置有正极耳14； Positive tabs 14 are arranged on the third empty foil area and the fourth empty foil area;
在第一侧表面上，第三涂覆区域上设置有正极活性层；沿所述正极集流体13长度方向上，正极活性层依次分为第一正极活性层15、第二正极活性层16，所述第一正极活性层15靠近所述负极耳2，沿所述正极集流体13长度且靠近所述正极耳14的方向上，所述第一正极活性层15的厚度呈线性逐渐变薄；第一正极活性层15上设置第一陶瓷层19，沿所述正极集流体13长度且靠近所述正极耳14的方向上，所述第一陶瓷层19的厚度呈线性逐渐变厚；On the first side surface, a positive electrode active layer is provided on the third coating area; along the length direction of the positive electrode current collector 13, the positive electrode active layer is sequentially divided into a first positive electrode active layer 15 and a second positive electrode active layer 16, The first positive electrode active layer 15 is close to the negative electrode ear 2, and along the length of the positive electrode current collector 13 and in the direction close to the positive electrode ear 14, the thickness of the first positive electrode active layer 15 gradually becomes thinner linearly; A first ceramic layer 19 is disposed on the first positive electrode active layer 15, and along the length of the positive electrode current collector 13 and in a direction close to the positive electrode ear 14, the thickness of the first ceramic layer 19 gradually becomes thicker linearly;
在第二侧表面上，第四涂覆区域上设置有第三正极活性层17、第四正极活性层18，第一正极活性层15和第三正极活性层17在正极集流体13两侧面呈对称设置，第二正极活性层16和第四正极活性层18在正极集流体13两侧面呈对称设置，第三正极活性层17上设置第二陶瓷层20，第二陶瓷层20与第一陶瓷层19在正极集流体13两侧面呈对称设置；On the second side surface, the third positive electrode active layer 17 and the fourth positive electrode active layer 18 are arranged on the fourth coating area, and the first positive electrode active layer 15 and the third positive electrode active layer 17 are formed on both sides of the positive electrode current collector 13. Symmetrically arranged, the second positive electrode active layer 16 and the fourth positive electrode active layer 18 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positive electrode current collector 13, and the second ceramic layer 20 is arranged on the third positive electrode active layer 17, and the second ceramic layer 20 and the first ceramic layer The layer 19 is arranged symmetrically on both sides of the positive electrode collector 13;
正极耳14和负极耳2位于电芯的不同端。The positive tab 14 and the negative tab 2 are located at different ends of the cell.
实施例3Example 3
一种负极片，除负极片上不设置第二硅碳复合材料层201，第一硅碳复合 材料层9的长度为5mm，第三硅碳复合材料层10的长度为5mm，其他条件同实施例1。A negative electrode sheet, except that the second silicon-carbon composite material layer 201 is not set on the negative electrode sheet, the length of the first silicon-carbon composite material layer 9 is 5 mm, the length of the third silicon-carbon composite material layer 10 is 5 mm, and other conditions are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
实施例4Example 4
一种负极片，除所述负极集流体1长度方向上，第二硅碳复合材料层201的长度为5mm，第一硅碳复合材料层9的长度为7.5mm，第三硅碳复合材料层10的长度为7.5mm，其他条件同实施例1。A negative electrode sheet, except that in the length direction of the negative electrode current collector 1, the length of the second silicon-carbon composite material layer 201 is 5mm, the length of the first silicon-carbon composite material layer 9 is 7.5mm, and the third silicon-carbon composite material layer The length of 10 is 7.5mm, and other conditions are with embodiment 1.
工业实用性Industrial Applicability
综上所述，本公开提供了一种负极片、电芯和锂离子电池。本公开中的负极片在在削薄区和/或负极耳表面设置含硅碳复合材料层，既能利用硅材料的高克容量的性质增加削薄区N/P比，又能利用硅材料膨胀大的特点改善削薄区的界面，从两方面改善削薄区的析锂风险。To sum up, the present disclosure provides a negative electrode sheet, a battery cell and a lithium ion battery. The negative electrode sheet in the present disclosure is provided with a silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of the thinned area and/or the negative tab, which can not only increase the N/P ratio of the thinned area by utilizing the high gram capacity of the silicon material, but also use the silicon material The large expansion feature improves the interface of the thinned area, and improves the risk of lithium precipitation in the thinned area from two aspects.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种负极片，其特征在于，包括负极集流体、负极耳、负极活性层和硅碳复合材料层，所述负极集流体的至少一侧表面设置有空箔区域和涂覆区域，所述空箔区域上设置有所述负极耳，所述涂覆区域上设置有所述负极活性层；A negative electrode sheet, characterized in that it includes a negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode ear, a negative electrode active layer and a silicon-carbon composite material layer, at least one side surface of the negative electrode current collector is provided with an empty foil area and a coated area, and the empty foil area The negative electrode tab is provided on the foil area, and the negative electrode active layer is provided on the coating area;
    沿所述负极集流体长度方向上，所述负极活性层依次分为第一负极活性层、第二负极活性层和第三负极活性层，所述第一负极活性层靠近所述负极耳，沿所述负极集流体长度且靠近所述负极耳的方向上，所述第一负极活性层的厚度逐渐变薄，所述第三负极活性层的厚度逐渐变厚；Along the length direction of the negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode active layer is sequentially divided into a first negative electrode active layer, a second negative electrode active layer and a third negative electrode active layer, the first negative electrode active layer is close to the negative electrode ear, along the In the direction of the length of the negative electrode current collector and close to the negative electrode ear, the thickness of the first negative electrode active layer gradually becomes thinner, and the thickness of the third negative electrode active layer gradually becomes thicker;
    所述硅碳复合材料层设置于所述负极耳的至少部分表面；The silicon-carbon composite material layer is disposed on at least part of the surface of the negative tab;
    和/或，所述硅碳复合材料层设置于至少包括所述第一负极活性层的所述负极活性层的表面；And/or, the silicon-carbon composite material layer is disposed on the surface of the negative electrode active layer including at least the first negative electrode active layer;
    沿所述负极集流体长度且靠近所述负极耳的方向上，所述第一负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度逐渐变厚，所述第三负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度逐渐变薄。Along the length of the negative electrode current collector and in the direction close to the negative electrode ear, the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer gradually becomes thicker, and the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer The thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer gradually becomes thinner.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的负极片，其特征在于，沿所述负极集流体长度方向上，所述负极集流体单侧表面上的所述硅碳复合材料层的长度为3～20mm。The negative electrode sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, along the length direction of the negative electrode current collector, the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of one side of the negative electrode current collector is 3-20 mm.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的负极片，其特征在于，沿所述负极集流体长度方向上，所述负极耳单侧表面的所述硅碳复合材料层的长度为 0～5mm；The negative electrode sheet according to claim 2, characterized in that, along the length direction of the negative electrode current collector, the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the surface of one side of the negative tab is 0-5mm;
    所述负极集流体单侧表面上，所述第一负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的长度为3～15mm。On the surface of one side of the negative electrode current collector, the length of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer is 3-15 mm.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的负极片，其特征在于，沿所述负极集流体长度且靠近所述负极耳的方向上，所述第一负极活性层的厚度呈线性变薄，所述第三负极活性层的厚度呈线性变厚，所述第一负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度呈线性变厚，所述第三负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度呈线性变薄。The negative electrode sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, along the length of the negative electrode current collector and in a direction close to the negative electrode ear, the thickness of the first negative electrode active layer becomes linearly thinner, and the thickness of the third negative electrode The thickness of the active layer becomes thicker linearly, the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer becomes thicker linearly, and the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the third negative electrode active layer Thinning linearly.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的负极片，其特征在于，所述负极集流体单侧表面上，所述第一负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度为5～30μm，所述第三负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的厚度为5～30μm。The negative electrode sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, on the surface of one side of the negative electrode current collector, the thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer is 5-30 μm, and the thickness of the first negative electrode active layer is 5-30 μm. The thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the triple negative electrode active layer is 5-30 μm.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的负极片，其特征在于，所述第一负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的平均厚度高于所述第三负极活性层上的所述硅碳复合材料层的平均厚度。The negative electrode sheet according to claim 5, wherein the average thickness of the silicon-carbon composite material layer on the first negative electrode active layer is higher than that of the silicon-carbon composite material on the third negative electrode active layer The average thickness of the layer.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的负极片，其特征在于，所述负极活性层为石墨层。The negative electrode sheet according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode active layer is a graphite layer.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的负极片，其特征在于，当所述硅碳复合材料层设置于所述负极耳的至少部分表面上时，所述硅碳复合材料层替换为硬碳层或石墨层。The negative electrode sheet according to claim 1, wherein when the silicon-carbon composite material layer is disposed on at least part of the surface of the negative tab, the silicon-carbon composite material layer is replaced by a hard carbon layer or a graphite layer .
  9. 一种电芯，其特征在于，包括权利要求1～7中任一项所述的负极片和正极片。An electric core, characterized by comprising the negative electrode sheet and the positive electrode sheet according to any one of claims 1-7.
  10. 一种锂离子电池，其特征在于，包括权利要求9所述的电芯。A lithium ion battery, characterized in that it comprises the battery cell described in claim 9.
PCT/CN2022/107031 2021-10-29 2022-07-21 Negative electrode plate, battery cell, and lithium ion battery WO2023071317A1 (en)

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CN116979020A (en) * 2022-04-22 2023-10-31 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Negative electrode plate, secondary battery, battery module, battery pack and power utilization device
CN217361642U (en) * 2022-06-16 2022-09-02 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Electrode assembly, battery cell, battery and electric equipment
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