WO2023071315A1 - 一种用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样直剪试验的大型直剪仪 - Google Patents
一种用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样直剪试验的大型直剪仪 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023071315A1 WO2023071315A1 PCT/CN2022/107016 CN2022107016W WO2023071315A1 WO 2023071315 A1 WO2023071315 A1 WO 2023071315A1 CN 2022107016 W CN2022107016 W CN 2022107016W WO 2023071315 A1 WO2023071315 A1 WO 2023071315A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- the invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical testing instruments, and in particular relates to a large-scale direct shear instrument for direct shear tests of multi-size undisturbed soil cylindrical samples.
- Soil shear strength is an important soil mechanics parameter in geotechnical engineering. Coarse-grained soil is widely used in engineering construction because of its excellent engineering characteristics. Therefore, how to accurately and quickly measure the strength index of coarse-grained soil is particularly important, which requires specific instruments for determination. Large-scale direct shear instruments are widely used because they can use large-scale samples, and the determination of the strength index of coarse-grained soil is more accurate and rapid, and the influence of size effect and boundary effect is reduced. The existing indoor large-scale direct shear instrument can only use the reshaped soil sample for experimental research because of the square shear box, which is not suitable for the cylindrical original soil sample.
- shear boxes for large-scale direct shear instruments.
- the shear boxes are mainly square structures, and square samples are used. This may lead to problems such as uneven force, stress concentration at corners, and structural size limitations during the test.
- engineering sampling is mainly based on drilling sampling, supplemented by manual sampling.
- the soil samples taken are cylindrical samples, and the shear box with a square structure is not suitable for such undisturbed soil samples. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an indoor large-scale direct shear instrument suitable for undisturbed soil cylindrical samples.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of large-scale direct shear instrument that is used for multi-size undisturbed soil cylindrical sample direct shear test, this direct shear instrument is conducive to carrying out undisturbed sample direct shear test to the undisturbed soil cylindrical sample that field drilling obtains, improves test efficiency reliability.
- a large-scale direct shear instrument for multi-size undisturbed soil cylindrical sample direct shear test comprising an external frame, a sample shear box, a horizontal loading device, a vertical loading device and control system, the sample shearing box is arranged in the middle of the outer frame, the sample shearing box includes an upper and a lower shearing box and a cylindrical shearing box, and the middle of the upper and lower shearing boxes is provided with A circular through hole, the cylindrical shear box is arranged in the middle of the upper and lower shear boxes and runs through the upper and lower shear boxes;
- the horizontal loading device includes a horizontal drive motor equipped with a horizontal load sensor and a horizontal mechanical loading mechanism The connection structure with the upper shear box, the horizontal drive motor is installed on the inner wall of one side of the outer frame, one end of the horizontal mechanical loading mechanism is connected to the output end of the horizontal drive motor, and the other end is in contact with the side of the lower shear box , one
- sample shearing box is placed on the base, and the lower part of the base is provided with a slide rail matched with it, so that the sample shearing box can slide along the slide rail to the test chamber after the sample is installed.
- the direct shear test was carried out at the station.
- the direct shear instrument is equipped with a stressed block, which is placed on the upper part of the sample in the sample shearing box, and its size is suitable for the sample, and the vertical mechanical loading The lower end of the mechanism is against the stressed block to apply vertical pressure to it, and the load is transmitted through the stressed block to make the sample evenly stressed.
- the lower end of the vertical mechanical loading mechanism is provided with a protrusion
- the upper end surface of the stressed block is correspondingly provided with a groove, so that the vertical mechanical loading mechanism can be in good contact with the stressed block and positioned.
- control system includes:
- the data acquisition module is used to automatically collect test data according to the set time interval according to the test requirements
- the standard consolidation module is used to apply the set axial pressure to the sample to consolidate the sample
- the standard shear module is used to set the shear rate, shear displacement, time interval and test termination conditions, and control the drive motor to perform direct shear tests;
- the fast shear module is used to set the normal stress, shear rate, shear displacement, time interval and test termination conditions, and control the driving motor to perform fast shear tests;
- the cyclic shear module is used to set the number of cycles, shear rate, shear displacement, time interval and test termination conditions, and control the driving motor to perform cyclic direct shear tests;
- the rheological shear module is used to set the normal stress, horizontal stress, time interval and test termination conditions, and control the driving motor to perform the rheological shear test.
- the sample shearing box includes an upper shearing box square solid frame and a lower shearing box square solid frame stacked up and down together, and the middle parts of the upper and lower shearing box square solid frames are opened There are circular through holes, and the circular through holes of the square solid frames of the upper and lower shear boxes are respectively provided with ring-shaped adaptive sleeves of the upper and lower shear boxes nested in sequence from large to small.
- the shearing box is equipped with a plurality of cylindrical shearing boxes of different sizes adapted to the inner diameter of the circular through hole or different ring-shaped adapting sleeves, so as to adapt to different sample sizes.
- the cylindrical shearing boxes are set at The upper and lower cut boxes are in the middle of the square entity frame and run through the upper and lower cut boxes.
- the sample shearing box is equipped with two sets of upper and lower shearing box square solid frames: the side length of the square solid frame of one set is 400 mm, and the inner diameter of the circular through hole is 300 mm.
- There are two ring-shaped adapting sleeves the inner diameters of the two ring-shaped adapting sleeves are 200mm and 100mm respectively; the side length of the other set of square solid frame is 350mm, and the inner diameter of the circular through hole is 250mm.
- the upper surface of the square solid frame of the lower shearing box and the annular adapting sleeve of the lower shearing box are provided with a plurality of ball insertion grooves, and a ball device is provided in the ball insertion grooves to reduce the Friction between the upper and lower shear box square solid frames and between the upper and lower shear box ring-shaped adapting sleeves.
- the present invention has the following beneficial effects: it provides a fully automatic large-scale direct shear instrument capable of performing indoor direct shear tests on multi-size undisturbed soil cylindrical samples, and the direct shear instrument can directly utilize the different The original sample of diameter and size of the cylinder is subjected to the direct shear test of the original sample, and the test data is more reliable.
- the shear box is designed as a square on the outside and a circle on the inside, which can reduce the influence of stress concentration at the corners on the test, and is more suitable for engineering applications.
- the direct shearing instrument has a high degree of automation, is easy to operate, has strong practicability and broad application prospects.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the external frame in the embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the sample shearing box (with the base removed) in the embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the lower shear box in the embodiment of the present invention.
- the present embodiment provides a kind of direct shear instrument that is used for multi-size undisturbed soil cylindrical sample direct shear test, comprises external frame 1, sample shear box, horizontal loading device, vertical loading device and Control system 13, the sample shearing box is arranged in the middle part of the outer frame 1, the sample shearing box includes an upper shearing box 5, a lower shearing box 6, a cylindrical shearing box 9 and a base 7, the The middle parts of the upper and lower shear boxes 5 and 6 are provided with circular through holes, and the cylindrical shear box 9 is arranged in the middle of the upper and lower shear boxes and runs through the upper and lower shear boxes; the horizontal loading device It includes a horizontal drive motor 3 equipped with a horizontal load sensor 2, a horizontal mechanical loading mechanism 4 and an upper shear box connection structure 11, the horizontal drive motor 3 is installed on the inner side wall of the outer frame 1, and the horizontal mechanical load One end of the mechanism 4 is connected to the output end of the horizontal drive motor 3, and the other end is in contact with the side of the lower she
- the vertical loading device includes a vertical drive motor 3 and a vertical mechanical loading mechanism 10 configured with a vertical load sensor 2, so that The vertical driving motor 3 is installed on the lower side wall of the top of the outer frame 1, the upper end of the vertical mechanical loading mechanism 10 is connected to the output end of the vertical driving motor 3, and the lower end faces the sample 9 in the sample shearing box, so as to It applies vertical pressure;
- the control system is electrically connected to the horizontal load sensor, horizontal drive motor, vertical load sensor and vertical drive motor to collect loaded load data and control output loading pressure and shear rate.
- the direct shear instrument can be applied to indoor large, medium and small direct shear tests of undisturbed soil cylindrical samples of multiple sizes, and can also be applied to direct shear tests of cylindrical reshaped soil samples of the same size.
- the direct shearing instrument overcomes the defect that the mechanical properties of the reshaped sample and the original sample are inconsistent, and reduces the stress concentration phenomenon caused by the corners of the original square sample, so that the sample is evenly stressed.
- the upper shear box 5 is placed on the lower shear box 6
- the lower shear box 6 is placed on the base 7 .
- the upper and lower shearing boxes are of equal size, the outside is a square frame, and the inside is a circular through hole with a diameter of 100-300mm for placing a cylindrical shearing box of a corresponding size.
- the direct shear instrument is equipped with a plurality of sample shearing boxes with different sizes of circular through-holes, so as to adapt to undisturbed soil cylindrical samples of different sizes.
- the height of the sample shear box is 300 mm.
- the sample shearing box is placed on the base 7, and the lower part of the base 7 is provided with a slide rail 8 matched with it, so that the sample shearing box can move along the Sliding on the slide rail to the test station for direct shear test.
- the direct shear instrument is equipped with a stressed block 15, which is placed on the upper part of the sample 9 in the sample shearing box, and its size is compatible with the sample.
- the lower end of the vertical mechanical loading mechanism 10 is against the stressed block 15 to apply vertical pressure to it, and the load is transmitted through the stressed block 15 to make the sample 9 evenly stressed.
- the lower end of the vertical mechanical loading mechanism is provided with a protrusion, and the upper end surface of the stressed block is correspondingly provided with a groove, so that the vertical mechanical loading mechanism can be in good contact with the stressed block and positioned.
- described sample shearing box comprises the upper shearing box square solid frame 5 and the lower shearing box square solid frame 6 that are piled up and down together, and described upper and lower shearing box square solid frame
- the middle part of the frame is provided with a circular through hole, and the circular through holes of the square solid frame of the upper and lower shearing boxes are respectively provided with the upper and lower shearing box ring-shaped adapting sleeves which are nested sequentially from large to small.
- the sample shearing box is equipped with a plurality of cylindrical shearing boxes 9 of different sizes adapted to the inner diameter of the circular through hole or different ring-shaped adapting sleeves, so as to adapt to different sample sizes, the cylindrical The shaped cutout box is arranged in the middle of the square solid frame of the upper and lower cutout boxes and runs through the square solid frame of the upper and lower cutout boxes.
- the sample shearing box is equipped with two sets of upper and lower shearing box square solid frames: as shown in Figure 3, the side length of the square solid frame of one set is 400mm, and its circular
- the inner diameter of the through hole is 300mm, and it is equipped with two ring-shaped adapter sleeves, the inner diameters of the two ring-shaped adapter sleeves are 200mm and 100mm respectively;
- the inner diameter of the through hole is 250mm, and it is equipped with a ring-shaped adapting sleeve, and the inner diameter of a ring-shaped adapting sleeve is 150mm;
- the sample shearing box is equipped with five cylindrical shearing boxes, the diameters of which are respectively 300mm, 250mm, 200mm, 150mm, 100mm.
- the upper surface of the lower shear box square solid frame 6 and the lower shear box circular adaptable sleeve are provided with a plurality of ball insertion grooves, and the ball insertion grooves are provided with ball rolling devices. 17, to reduce the friction between the upper and lower shear box square solid frames and the upper and lower shear box circular ring adaptation sleeves.
- guide connecting blocks 16 are provided on both sides of the square solid frame of the upper and lower shear boxes to prevent the cylindrical shear box from moving laterally during the test and to ensure that the cylindrical shear box moves along the shear direction. direction to move.
- both the horizontal drive motor and the vertical drive motor use a reversible stepper motor 3 to artificially control the shear rate.
- the stepping motor adopts 24V safety voltage, the minimum speed is 0.001mm/min, the measuring range is 100kN, the resolution is 1N, the accuracy is ⁇ 0.1% F.S, and the loading automatic control is realized through the control system.
- the control system 13 includes a data acquisition module, a standard consolidation module, a standard shear module, a fast shear module, a cyclic shear module and a rheological shear module.
- the data acquisition module is used to automatically collect test data according to the set time interval according to the test requirements;
- the standard consolidation module is used to apply the set axial pressure to the sample to consolidate the sample;
- the standard shear module is used to The shear rate, shear displacement, time interval and test termination conditions are set, and the drive motor is controlled to perform direct shear tests;
- the fast shear module is used to set the normal stress, shear rate, shear displacement, time interval and test termination Conditions are set, and the driving motor is controlled to perform a fast shear test;
- the cycle shear module is used to set the number of cycles, shear rate, shear displacement, time interval and test termination conditions, and control the drive motor to perform a cycle Direct shear test;
- the rheological shear module is used to set the normal stress, horizontal stress,
- Adopt direct shear instrument of the present invention to carry out direct shear test, concrete operation process is as follows:
- Adjust the loading device After the sample is installed, connect the upper and lower shear boxes to the upper shear box connection structure 11 and the horizontal mechanical loading mechanism 4 respectively.
- the control system is operated through the control system operation interface 14, the loading device is controlled, and the vertical loading device is adjusted to the groove of the force-bearing block 15 so that it just contacts the force-bearing block.
- Data acquisition module automatically collect test data at a certain time interval according to the test requirements, this module must be added; standard consolidation module: apply a certain axial pressure to the sample to consolidate the sample; standard shear module: Set the rate, shear displacement, time interval and test termination conditions to perform direct shear tests; fast shear module: set the normal stress, shear rate, shear displacement, time interval and test termination conditions to perform fast shear tests Test; cyclic shear module: set the number of cycles, shear rate, shear displacement, time interval and test termination conditions, and perform cyclic direct shear test; rheological shear module: normal stress, horizontal stress, time The interval and test termination conditions are set, and the rheological shear test is carried out.
- Start the test carry out the test according to the added test modules. After one test module ends, enter the next module until the end of the test. The test situation can be observed in real time through the control system.
Abstract
一种用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样直剪试验的大型直剪仪，包括外部框架（1）、试样剪切盒、水平加载装置、垂直加载装置和控制系统（13），试样剪切盒设于外部框架（1）中，试样剪切盒包括上剪切盒（5）、下剪切盒（6）和底座（7）；水平加载装置包括配置有荷重传感器（2）的水平驱动电机（3）、水平机械加载机构（4）和上剪切盒连接结构（11），水平驱动电机（3）安装于外部框架（1）一内侧并经水平机械加载机构（4）与下剪切盒（6）接触，上剪切盒连接结构（11）固定于外部框架（1）另一内侧并与上剪切盒（5）接触；垂直加载装置包括配置有荷重传感器（2）的垂直驱动电机（3）和垂直机械加载机构（10），垂直驱动电机（3）安装于外部框架（1）顶部下侧并向下连接垂直机械加载机构（10）。该直剪仪有利于对现场钻探取得的原状土圆柱样进行原状样的大、中、小型室内直剪试验，提高试验的可靠性。
Description
本发明属于土工试验仪器技术领域，具体涉及一种用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样直剪试验的大型直剪仪。
土体抗剪强度是岩土工程中重要的土体力学参数。粗粒土因其优良的工程特性，被广泛运用在工程建设中。因此如何准确、快速地测定粗粒土的强度指标尤为重要，这就需要特定的仪器进行测定。大型直剪仪因其可采用大尺寸试样，对于粗粒土强度指标的测定又更为准确且迅速，减小了尺寸效应和边界效应的影响，而被广泛应用。现有的室内大型直剪仪因采用方形剪切盒，仅能采用重塑土样进行试验研究，对于圆柱形的原状土样并不适用。重塑土与原状土的物理性质虽相同，但重塑土的结构已发生改变，这会导致两者的力学性质存在明显差异性，致使重塑土不能完全真实再现原状土的强度变形特征。因此，仅适用于重塑土样的直剪仪难以准确测定实际工况的土体力学参数。
目前，大型直剪仪的剪切盒形式多样，剪切盒主要为方形结构，采用方形试样，这导致试验过程中可能存在受力不均、边角应力集中、结构尺寸限制等问题。其次，工程取样以钻探取样为主，辅以人工取样，所取土样为圆柱状试样，方形结构的剪切盒并不适用于此类原状土样。因此，研制一种适用于原状土圆柱样的室内大型直剪仪是很有必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样直剪试验的大型直剪仪，该直剪仪有利于对现场钻探取得的原状土圆柱样进行原状样直剪试验， 提高试验的可靠性。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样直剪试验的大型直剪仪，包括外部框架、试样剪切盒、水平加载装置、垂直加载装置和控制系统，所述试样剪切盒设置于外部框架内中部，所述试样剪切盒包括上、下剪切盒以及圆柱形剪切盒，所述上、下剪切盒中部均开设有圆形通孔，所述圆柱形剪切盒设置于上、下剪切盒中部并贯穿上、下剪切盒；所述水平加载装置包括配置有水平荷重传感器的水平驱动电机、水平机械加载机构和上剪切盒连接结构，所述水平驱动电机安装于外部框架一旁侧的内侧壁上，所述水平机械加载机构一端与水平驱动电机的输出端连接，另一端与下剪切盒侧部接触，所述上剪切盒连接结构一端固定于外部框架另一旁侧的内侧壁上，另一端与上剪切盒接触，以对试样剪切盒中的试样施加剪切力；所述垂直加载装置包括配置有垂直荷重传感器的垂直驱动电机和垂直机械加载机构，所述垂直驱动电机安装于外部框架顶部的下侧壁上，所述垂直机械加载机构上端与垂直驱动电机的输出端连接，下端朝向试样剪切盒中的试样，以对其施加竖向压力；所述控制系统分别与水平荷重传感器、水平驱动电机、垂直荷重传感器和垂直驱动电机电性连接，以采集加载的荷重数据并控制输出的加载压力及剪切速率；所述直剪仪应用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样的室内直剪试验以及相同尺寸圆柱形重塑土样的直剪试验。
进一步地，所述试样剪切盒放置于底座上，所述底座下部设有与其配合连接的滑轨，以使试样剪切盒在装设好试样后可以沿着滑轨滑动至试验工位上进行直剪试验。
进一步地，所述直剪仪配设有受力块体，所述受力块体放置于试样剪切盒中的试样上部，且其尺寸大小与试样相适应，所述垂直机械加载机构的下端抵住受力块体，以对其施加竖向压力，并通过受力块体传递荷载，使试样受力均匀。
进一步地，所述垂直机械加载机构下端设有凸部，所述受力块体上端面 对应设有凹槽，以使垂直机械加载机构与受力块体良好接触并定位。
进一步地，所述控制系统包括：
数据采集模块，用于根据试验所需按照设定的时间间隔自动采集试验数据；
标准固结模块，用于对试样施加设定的轴压，进行试样固结；
标准剪切模块，用于对剪切速率、剪切位移、时间间隔以及试验终止条件进行设置，并控制驱动电机工作，进行直接剪切试验；
快剪模块，用于对法向应力、剪切速率、剪切位移、时间间隔以及试验终止条件进行设置，并控制驱动电机工作，进行快剪试验；
循环剪切模块，用于对循环次数、剪切速率、剪切位移、时间间隔以及试验终止条件进行设置，并控制驱动电机工作，进行循环直接剪切试验；
流变剪切模块，用于对法向应力、水平应力、时间间隔以及试验终止条件进行设置，并控制驱动电机工作，进行流变剪切试验。
进一步地，所述试样剪切盒包括上、下叠放在一起的上剪切盒方形实体框架和下剪切盒方形实体框架，所述上、下剪切盒方形实体框架的中部均开设有圆形通孔，所述上、下剪切盒方形实体框架的圆形通孔内分别设置有从大到小依次嵌套的上、下剪切盒圆环形适应套，所述试样剪切盒配设有与圆形通孔或不同圆环形适应套内径相适应的多个不同尺寸的圆柱形剪切盒，以适应不同的试样尺寸，所述圆柱形剪切盒设置于上、下剪切盒方形实体框架中部并贯穿上、下剪切盒方形实体框架。
进一步地，所述试样剪切盒配设有两套上、下剪切盒方形实体框架：其中一套的方形实体框架的边长为400mm，其圆形通孔的内径为300mm，其配设有两个圆环形适应套，两个圆环形适应套的内径分别为200mm、100mm；另外一套的方形实体框架的边长为350mm，其圆形通孔的内径为250mm，其配设有一个圆环形适应套，一个圆环形适应套的内径为150mm；所述试样剪切盒配设有五个圆柱形剪切盒，其直径分别为300mm、250mm、200mm、150mm、100mm。
进一步地，所述下剪切盒方形实体框架、下剪切盒圆环形适应套的上表面均设置有多个滚珠置入槽，所述滚珠置入槽内设有滚珠装置，以减小上、下剪切盒方形实体框架之间以及上、下剪切盒圆环形适应套之间的摩擦。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：提供了一种可进行多尺寸原状土圆柱样室内直剪试验的全自动大型直剪仪，该直剪仪可直接利用现场钻探取得的不同直径大小圆柱原状样进行原状样直剪试验，试验数据更为可靠。此外，剪切盒设计成外方内圆，可减少边角应力集中现象对试验的影响，更贴合工程应用。而且，该直剪仪自动化程度高，操作简便，具有很强的实用性和广阔的应用前景。
上述发明内容相关记载仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了让本领域普通技术人员能够更清楚地了解本申请的技术方案，进而可以依据说明书的文字及附图记载的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述目的及其它目的、特征和优点能够更易于理解，以下结合本申请的具体实施方式及附图进行说明。
附图仅用于示出本发明具体实施方式以及其他相关内容的原理、实现方式、应用、特点以及效果等，并不能认为是对本申请的限制。
在说明书附图中：
图1是本发明实施例的整体结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施例中外部框架内部的组成结构示意图。
图3是本发明实施例中试样剪切盒(去掉底座)的结构示意图。
图4是本发明实施例中下剪切盒的结构示意图。
图中：1-外部框架；2-荷重传感器；3-步进电机；4-水平机械加载机构；5-上剪切盒；6-下剪切盒；7-底座；8-滑轨；9-圆柱形剪切盒；10-垂直机械加载机构；11-上剪切盒连接结构；12-传感器连接线；13-控制系统；14-控制系统操作界面；15-受力块体；16-导向连接块；17-滚珠装置。
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
应该指出，以下详细说明都是示例性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
如图1-2所示，本实施例提供了一种用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样直剪试验的直剪仪，包括外部框架1、试样剪切盒、水平加载装置、垂直加载装置和控制系统13，所述试样剪切盒设置于外部框架1内中部，所述试样剪切盒包括上剪切盒5、下剪切盒6、圆柱形剪切盒9和底座7，所述上、下剪切盒5、6中部均开设有圆形通孔，所述圆柱形剪切盒9设置于上、下剪切盒中部并贯穿上、下剪切盒；所述水平加载装置包括配置有水平荷重传感器2的水平驱动电机3、水平机械加载机构4和上剪切盒连接结构11，所述水平驱动电机3安装于外部框架1一旁侧的内侧壁上，所述水平机械加载机构4一端与水平驱动电机3的输出端连接，另一端与下剪切盒6侧部接触，所述上剪切盒连接结构11一端固定于外部框架1另一旁侧的内侧壁上，另一端与上剪切盒5接触，以对试样剪切盒中的试样9施加剪切力；所述垂直加载装置包括配置有垂直荷重传感器2的垂直驱动电机3和垂直机械加载机构10，所述垂直驱动电机3安装于外部框架1顶部的下侧壁上，所述垂直机械加载机构10上端与垂直驱动电机3的输出端连接，下端朝向试样剪切盒中的试样9，以对其施加竖向压力；所述控制系统分别与水平荷重传感器、水平驱动电机、垂直荷 重传感器和垂直驱动电机电性连接，以采集加载的荷重数据并控制输出的加载压力及剪切速率。
所述直剪仪可以应用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样的室内大、中、小型直剪试验，也可以应用于相同尺寸圆柱形重塑土样的直剪试验。该直剪仪克服了重塑样与原状样力学性能不一致的缺陷，并减少了因原方形试样棱角导致的应力集中现象，使试样受力均匀。
在本实施例中，所述上剪切盒5放置于下剪切盒6上，所述下剪切盒6放置于底座7上。如图3所示，所述上、下剪切盒等大，外部为方形框架，内部为直径100～300mm的圆形通孔，以放置相应尺寸的圆柱形剪切盒。所述直剪仪配设有多个圆形通孔尺寸不同的试样剪切盒，以适应不同尺寸的原状土圆柱样。所述试样剪切盒的高度为300mm。
在本实施例中，所述试样剪切盒放置于底座7上，所述底座7下部设有与其配合连接的滑轨8，以使试样剪切盒在装设好试样后可以沿着滑轨滑动至试验工位上进行直剪试验。
在本实施例中，所述直剪仪配设有受力块体15，所述受力块体15放置于试样剪切盒中的试样9上部，且其尺寸大小与试样相适应，所述垂直机械加载机构10的下端抵住受力块体15，以对其施加竖向压力，并通过受力块体15传递荷载，使试样9受力均匀。其中，所述垂直机械加载机构下端设有凸部，所述受力块体上端面对应设有凹槽，以使垂直机械加载机构与受力块体良好接触并定位。
如图3所示，所述试样剪切盒包括上、下叠放在一起的上剪切盒方形实体框架5和下剪切盒方形实体框架6，所述上、下剪切盒方形实体框架的中部均开设有圆形通孔，所述上、下剪切盒方形实体框架的圆形通孔内分别设置有从大到小依次嵌套的上、下剪切盒圆环形适应套，所述试样剪切盒配设有与圆形通孔或不同圆环形适应套内径相适应的多个不同尺寸的圆柱形剪切盒9，以适应不同的试样尺寸，所述圆柱形剪切盒设置于上、下剪切盒方形实体 框架中部并贯穿上、下剪切盒方形实体框架。
在本实施例中，所述试样剪切盒配设有两套上、下剪切盒方形实体框架：如图3所示，其中一套的方形实体框架的边长为400mm，其圆形通孔的内径为300mm，其配设有两个圆环形适应套，两个圆环形适应套的内径分别为200mm、100mm；另外一套的方形实体框架的边长为350mm，其圆形通孔的内径为250mm，其配设有一个圆环形适应套，一个圆环形适应套的内径为150mm；所述试样剪切盒配设有五个圆柱形剪切盒，其直径分别为300mm、250mm、200mm、150mm、100mm。
如图4所示，所述下剪切盒方形实体框架6、下剪切盒圆环形适应套的上表面均设置有多个滚珠置入槽，所述滚珠置入槽内设有滚珠装置17，以减小上、下剪切盒方形实体框架之间以及上、下剪切盒圆环形适应套之间的摩擦。
在本实施例中，所述上、下剪切盒方形实体框架两侧设有导向连接块16，以防止试验过程中圆柱形剪切盒发生侧向移动，保证圆柱形剪切盒沿剪切方向移动。
在本实施例中，所述水平驱动电机和垂直驱动电机均采用可逆的步进电机3，以人为控制剪切速率。所述步进电机采用24V安全电压，最小速率0.001mm/min，量程100kN，分辨率1N，精度±0.1％F.S，通过控制系统实现加载全自动控制。
在本实施例中，所述控制系统13包括数据采集模块、标准固结模块、标准剪切模块、快剪模块、循环剪切模块以及流变剪切模块。数据采集模块用于根据试验所需按照设定的时间间隔自动采集试验数据；标准固结模块用于对试样施加设定的轴压，进行试样固结；标准剪切模块用于对剪切速率、剪切位移、时间间隔以及试验终止条件进行设置，并控制驱动电机工作进行直接剪切试验；快剪模块用于对法向应力、剪切速率、剪切位移、时间间隔以及试验终止条件进行设置，并控制驱动电机工作，进行快剪试验；循环剪切模块用于对循环次数、剪切速率、剪切位移、时间间隔以及试验终止条件进 行设置，并控制驱动电机工作，进行循环直接剪切试验；流变剪切模块用于对法向应力、水平应力、时间间隔以及试验终止条件进行设置，并控制驱动电机工作，进行流变剪切试验。
采用本发明的直剪仪进行直剪试验，具体的操作流程如下：
1、试样的制备与安装：根据工程要求将现场原状土样适当削样后，按不同尺寸要求选取剪切盒，将试样缓慢放入圆柱形剪切盒9中，将受力块体15放置试样上端。
2、调整加载装置：试样安装完成后，将上、下剪切盒分别和上剪切盒连接结构11、水平机械加载机构4连接。通过控制系统操作界面14操作控制系统，控制加载装置，将垂直加载装置调整至受力块体15凹槽处，使其与受力块体刚好接触。
3、在控制系统中加载试验模块：
数据采集模块：根据试验所需自动采集一定时间间隔的试验数据，此模块必须添加；标准固结模块：对试样施加一定的轴压，进行试样固结；标准剪切模块：对剪切速率、剪切位移、时间间隔以及试验终止条件进行设置，进行直接剪切试验；快剪模块：对法向应力、剪切速率、剪切位移、时间间隔以及试验终止条件进行设置，进行快剪试验；循环剪切模块：对循环次数、剪切速率、剪切位移、时间间隔以及试验终止条件进行设置，进行循环直接剪切试验；流变剪切模块：对法向应力、水平应力、时间间隔以及试验终止条件进行设置，进行流变剪切试验。
4、传感器率定：对Hori.LoadSensor(水平荷重传感器)和Vert.LoadSensor(垂直荷重传感器)分别率定，修改系数，校正零点。率定完成后，“垂直荷重”和“水平荷重”在±20N的范围内，可认为校正完成。
5、开始试验：根据所添加的试验模块进行试验，一个试验模块结束后进入下一个模块，直至试验结束，可通过控制系统实时观测试验情况。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非是对本发明作其它形式 的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (8)
- 一种用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样直剪试验的大型直剪仪，其特征在于，包括外部框架、试样剪切盒、水平加载装置、垂直加载装置和控制系统，所述试样剪切盒设置于外部框架内中部，所述试样剪切盒包括上、下剪切盒以及圆柱形剪切盒，所述上、下剪切盒中部均开设有圆形通孔，所述圆柱形剪切盒设置于上、下剪切盒中部并贯穿上、下剪切盒；所述水平加载装置包括配置有水平荷重传感器的水平驱动电机、水平机械加载机构和上剪切盒连接结构，所述水平驱动电机安装于外部框架一旁侧的内侧壁上，所述水平机械加载机构一端与水平驱动电机的输出端连接，另一端与下剪切盒侧部接触，所述上剪切盒连接结构一端固定于外部框架另一旁侧的内侧壁上，另一端与上剪切盒接触，以对试样剪切盒中的试样施加剪切力；所述垂直加载装置包括配置有垂直荷重传感器的垂直驱动电机和垂直机械加载机构，所述垂直驱动电机安装于外部框架顶部的下侧壁上，所述垂直机械加载机构上端与垂直驱动电机的输出端连接，下端朝向试样剪切盒中的试样，以对其施加竖向压力；所述控制系统分别与水平荷重传感器、水平驱动电机、垂直荷重传感器和垂直驱动电机电性连接，以采集加载的荷重数据并控制输出的加载压力及剪切速率；所述直剪仪应用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样的室内直剪试验以及相同尺寸圆柱形重塑土样的直剪试验。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样直剪试验的大型直剪仪，其特征在于，所述试样剪切盒放置于底座上，所述底座下部设有与其配合连接的滑轨，以使试样剪切盒在装设好试样后可以沿着滑轨滑动至试验工位上进行直剪试验。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样直剪试验的大型直剪仪，其特征在于，所述直剪仪配设有受力块体，所述受力块体放置于试样剪切盒中的试样上部，且其尺寸大小与试样相适应，所述垂直机械加载机构的下端抵住受力块体，以对其施加竖向压力，并通过受力块体传递荷载，使试样受力均匀。
- 根据权利要求3所述的一种用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样直剪试验的大型直剪仪，其特征在于，所述垂直机械加载机构下端设有凸部，所述受力块体上端面对应设有凹槽，以使垂直机械加载机构与受力块体良好接触并定位。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样直剪试验的大型直剪仪，其特征在于，所述控制系统包括：数据采集模块，用于根据试验所需按照设定的时间间隔自动采集试验数据；标准固结模块，用于对试样施加设定的轴压，进行试样固结；标准剪切模块，用于对剪切速率、剪切位移、时间间隔以及试验终止条件进行设置，并控制驱动电机工作，进行直接剪切试验；快剪模块，用于对法向应力、剪切速率、剪切位移、时间间隔以及试验终止条件进行设置，并控制驱动电机工作，进行快剪试验；循环剪切模块，用于对循环次数、剪切速率、剪切位移、时间间隔以及试验终止条件进行设置，并控制驱动电机工作，进行循环直接剪切试验；流变剪切模块，用于对法向应力、水平应力、时间间隔以及试验终止条件进行设置，并控制驱动电机工作，进行流变剪切试验。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样直剪试验的大型直剪仪，其特征在于，所述试样剪切盒包括上、下叠放在一起的上剪切盒方形实体框架和下剪切盒方形实体框架，所述上、下剪切盒方形实体框架的中部均开设有圆形通孔，所述上、下剪切盒方形实体框架的圆形通孔内分别设置有从大到小依次嵌套的上、下剪切盒圆环形适应套，所述试样剪切盒配设有与圆形通孔或不同圆环形适应套内径相适应的多个不同尺寸的圆柱形剪切盒，以适应不同的试样尺寸，所述圆柱形剪切盒设置于上、下剪切盒方形实体框架中部并贯穿上、下剪切盒方形实体框架。
- 根据权利要求6所述的一种用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样直剪试验的大型直剪仪，其特征在于，所述试样剪切盒配设有两套上、下剪切盒方形实体框 架：其中一套的方形实体框架的边长为400mm，其圆形通孔的内径为300mm，其配设有两个圆环形适应套，两个圆环形适应套的内径分别为200mm、100mm；另外一套的方形实体框架的边长为350mm，其圆形通孔的内径为250mm，其配设有一个圆环形适应套，一个圆环形适应套的内径为150mm；所述试样剪切盒配设有五个圆柱形剪切盒，其直径分别为300mm、250mm、200mm、150mm、100mm。
- 根据权利要求7所述的一种用于多尺寸原状土圆柱样直剪试验的大型直剪仪，其特征在于，所述下剪切盒方形实体框架、下剪切盒圆环形适应套的上表面均设置有多个滚珠置入槽，所述滚珠置入槽内设有滚珠装置，以减小上、下剪切盒方形实体框架之间以及上、下剪切盒圆环形适应套之间的摩擦。
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