WO2023066277A1 - 一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023066277A1
WO2023066277A1 PCT/CN2022/126069 CN2022126069W WO2023066277A1 WO 2023066277 A1 WO2023066277 A1 WO 2023066277A1 CN 2022126069 W CN2022126069 W CN 2022126069W WO 2023066277 A1 WO2023066277 A1 WO 2023066277A1
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Prior art keywords
signal
threshold
arc light
power frequency
early warning
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PCT/CN2022/126069
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
缪金
陈平
顾寅
吴曦
秦军
费彬
吴俊锋
冷兆云
任明
Original Assignee
国网江苏省电力有限公司无锡供电分公司
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Priority to US18/164,645 priority Critical patent/US11973333B2/en
Publication of WO2023066277A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023066277A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H02H1/0015—Using arc detectors
    • H02H1/0023—Using arc detectors sensing non electrical parameters, e.g. by optical, pneumatic, thermal or sonic sensors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0061—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning transmission of signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0061—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning transmission of signals
    • H02H1/0069—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning transmission of signals by means of light or heat rays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
    • H02H7/222—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices for switches

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power equipment, and more particularly, to a method and device for judging phase-locking of critical arc light.
  • the switchgear plays an important role in the power system as the main part of switching, controlling and protecting electrical equipment in the processes of power generation, transmission, distribution and transformation.
  • the components inside the switchgear mainly include circuit breakers, disconnectors, load switches, operating mechanisms, transformers and various protection devices.
  • Real-time and effective monitoring and judgment of intermittent arc and penetrating arc inside the switchgear can not only provide effective early warning of hidden dangers in the power grid, but also provide timely protection for power grid faults. Because in the switchgear, discharge often occurs during the process of strong current transportation and transfer, so whether the discharge causes arc light becomes an effective criterion for judging whether the discharge is abnormal.
  • a switchgear arc protection system has been adopted to alarm and protect the abnormal discharge of the switchgear.
  • the arc protection system uses the arc sensor to collect the arc light intensity in the switch cabinet or cable room, and the inductance coil to collect the bus current, and judges the abnormal discharge situation through the collected arc light intensity and bus current, and realizes the protection action .
  • the device needs to be connected with multiple inductance coils and ultraviolet photoelectric probes to realize detection and information collection. Therefore, the system complexity is high, the hardware cost is high, and the installation and maintenance process is complicated.
  • the protection method in the prior art is easy to trigger the protection by mistake, thereby reducing the operating efficiency of the power grid;
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a critical arc light phase-locked judgment method and device, by extracting the power frequency fundamental wave from the arc light signal, based on the power frequency fundamental wave signal The amplitude is calculated to obtain early warning and control signals, so as to realize the protection action.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
  • the first aspect of the present invention relates to a critical arc light phase-locked judgment method, the method comprising the following steps: Step 1, real-time monitoring and collecting the arc light radiation intensity inside the switchgear, and converting the collected light radiation intensity It is an electric signal; step 2, extracting the power frequency fundamental wave of the electric signal, and comparing the amplitude of the electric power frequency fundamental wave of the electric signal with the first threshold, and generating an early warning signal based on the first threshold comparison result; step 3 , comparing the amplitude of the power frequency fundamental wave of the electrical signal with the second threshold, and generating a control signal based on the comparison result of the second threshold and the protection time threshold; step 4, based on the early warning signal and the control signal, perform Protection of switchgear.
  • the first threshold U1 is compared with the maximum magnitude of the power frequency fundamental signal Uac, and an early warning signal is generated when the maximum magnitude of the power frequency fundamental signal Uac is greater than or equal to the first threshold U1.
  • the first threshold U1 is generated based on the maximum magnitude of the electric signal; when the maximum magnitude of the electric signal is Ut, the first threshold U1 is Ralert*Ut; wherein Ralert is a preset warning constant.
  • the second threshold Um is compared with the amplitude of the power frequency fundamental signal Uac, and when the amplitude of the power frequency fundamental signal Uac is greater than or equal to the second threshold Um, a control signal is generated.
  • the control signal is generated in the following manner: when the amplitude of the power frequency fundamental wave signal Uac is greater than or equal to the second threshold Um, the second threshold comparison signal is output at a high level; when the power frequency When the amplitude of the fundamental signal Uac is smaller than the second threshold Um, the second threshold comparison signal is output at a low level; when the duty ratio of the second threshold comparison signal is greater than the threshold ratio Rp, a control signal is generated.
  • the duty ratio of the second threshold comparison signal is less than the threshold ratio Rp, after a delay time ⁇ t, the duty ratio of the comparison signal is compared with the threshold ratio Rp again until the second threshold comparison signal When the duty cycle is greater than the threshold ratio Rp, a control signal is generated.
  • the second aspect of the present invention relates to a critical arc light phase-locked judging device, including an acquisition module, a first comparison module, a second comparison module and a control module; wherein, the acquisition module is used for real-time monitoring and acquisition of arcs inside the switch cabinet light radiation intensity, and convert the collected light radiation intensity into an electrical signal; the first comparison module is used to extract the power frequency fundamental wave of the electrical signal, and compare the amplitude of the electrical signal with the first threshold, And generate an early warning signal based on the first threshold comparison result; the second comparison module is used to compare the amplitude of the power frequency fundamental wave of the electrical signal with the second threshold, and generate a control based on the second threshold comparison result and the protection time threshold signal; a control module for performing protection of switchgear in a critical arc light environment based on the early warning signal and the control signal.
  • the acquisition module is used for real-time monitoring and acquisition of arcs inside the switch cabinet light radiation intensity, and convert the collected light radiation intensity into an electrical signal
  • the first comparison module is
  • the acquisition module includes an ultraviolet light probe and a current-voltage converter; wherein, the ultraviolet light probe is an ultraviolet avalanche photodiode, which is arranged in the switch cabinet for collecting the light radiation intensity in the switch cabinet, and its output terminal is converted to the current and voltage The input end of the device is connected; the current-voltage converter converts the current signal of the optical radiation intensity collected by the ultraviolet light probe into a voltage signal, and its output end is connected with the first comparison module.
  • the ultraviolet light probe is an ultraviolet avalanche photodiode, which is arranged in the switch cabinet for collecting the light radiation intensity in the switch cabinet, and its output terminal is converted to the current and voltage
  • the current-voltage converter converts the current signal of the optical radiation intensity collected by the ultraviolet light probe into a voltage signal, and its output end is connected with the first comparison module.
  • the first comparison module includes a lock-in amplifier and an early warning unit; wherein, the input end of the lock-in amplifier is connected to the first output end of the current-voltage converter, and the output end of the lock-in amplifier is connected to the early warning unit, for from the electric Extract the power frequency fundamental wave signal Uac from the signal and input it into the early warning unit; the input terminal of the early warning unit is connected with the first output terminal of the current-voltage converter, and the output terminal of the early warning unit is connected with the external upper computer system for Comparing the first threshold U1 with the amplitude of the power frequency fundamental signal Uac and sending an early warning signal to the host computer system.
  • the first comparison module further includes a first level control unit; the first level control unit is used to obtain the power frequency, and generate the sampling frequency of the lock-in amplifier based on the power frequency.
  • the sampling frequency range of the lock-in amplifier is 50Hz to 60Hz.
  • the second comparison module includes a hysteresis comparator and a judgment unit; wherein, the hysteresis comparator has an input terminal connected to the output terminal of the lock-in amplifier, and an output terminal connected to the judgment unit for comparing the second threshold value Um and the power frequency The amplitude of the fundamental wave signal Uac, and the second threshold value comparison signal is sent to the judgment unit; the judgment unit, the input end is connected to the output end of the hysteresis comparator, and the output end is connected to the external relay protection unit for judging the second threshold value Compare the duty cycle of the signal and generate and send the control signal to the external protection relay unit.
  • the second comparison module further includes a second level control unit; wherein the second level control unit is used to control the value of the second threshold Um of the hysteresis comparator.
  • the second level control unit based on the control of the external encoder, realizes the generation of the second threshold voltage Um, and controls the hysteresis comparator through the second threshold voltage Um; the external encoder, and the external relay protection unit
  • the connection is used for realizing the encoding of the reference level of the second threshold voltage Um based on the instruction issued by the external relay protection unit.
  • the critical arc light phase-locking judging device includes multiple channels, wherein each channel is used to collect an arc light radiation intensity, and generate an early warning signal and a control signal based on the arc light radiation intensity Signal; the device provides an input port, an early warning signal output port, and a control signal output port for each signal.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that, compared with the prior art, a critical arc light phase-locking judgment method and device in the present invention can extract the power frequency fundamental wave from the arc light signal, based on the power frequency fundamental wave The amplitude of the signal is calculated to obtain the early warning and control signal to realize the protection action.
  • the method of the invention has simple ideas, simple device components and structure, low system complexity, low hardware cost, and is convenient for installation and maintenance.
  • the present invention only needs to collect a signal of arc light intensity, and does not involve the detection of the bus current by the inductance coil. Therefore, it saves a lot of installation, maintenance and use costs of the inductance coil , reducing the complexity of the device.
  • the present invention can identify the power frequency component in the arc light through the lock-in amplifier, and only judge the signal strength of the power frequency component, which has a high degree of confidence. Compared with the arc light detection system in the prior art The strength judgment basis is more reliable.
  • the bus current is not taken as a necessary criterion, so that the abnormal problems that may be caused by intermittent arcs are also included in the protection scope, and the safety protection ability for the power grid is improved.
  • the abnormal discharge can be tracked in real time, and in the critical state when the abnormal discharge is transformed into a stable arc, fast and accurate protection can be realized.
  • the setting of this protection time not only greatly reduces the probability of false protection, but also improves the accuracy and timeliness of reasonable protection.
  • the method of the present invention can maximize the protection of equipment and personnel from the threat of high-energy arcs, and ensures the safe and continuous operation of the power grid.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of an arc protection system in the prior art
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of protection judgment logic of an arc protection system in the prior art
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the steps of a critical arc light phase-locked judgment method of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of a critical arc light phase-locked judging device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of protection and early warning judgment logic of a critical arc light phase-locked judging device of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the system layout of a critical arc light phase-locking judging device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of an arc protection system in the prior art.
  • an arc protection system in the prior art includes a current auxiliary unit, an arc sensor auxiliary unit and a main unit.
  • the current auxiliary unit can use Rogoff coil and Hall coil to measure the bus current
  • the arc sensor auxiliary unit can detect the arc light in the switch cabinet bus or cable room based on the ultraviolet light probe, and record the light in real time. radiation intensity.
  • the main unit can judge the strengths of the two signals generated by the arc sensor auxiliary unit and the bus current auxiliary unit respectively through the level threshold. When the strengths of the two signals exceed the set threshold, it means The signal strength of the signal reaches the sufficient condition to start the protection, and the protection action should be carried out.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of protection judgment logic of an arc protection system in the prior art. As shown in Figure 2, when only one of the signals exceeds the level threshold, only an early warning signal can be generated. Through the system early warning, it will prompt that there is a safety risk in the power grid, and no protection action will be taken.
  • the core principle of the risk judgment of the arc light system in the prior art is the double threshold intensity judgment of "current sensor + ultraviolet arc light sensor".
  • the strength of the two signals exceeds the set threshold, it can be considered that the arc light is caused by a short circuit. It is formed by running arcs, not intermittent arcs or external light interference.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the steps of a critical arc light phase-locking judgment method of the present invention.
  • the first aspect of the present invention relates to a critical arc light phase-locking judgment method, which includes steps 1 to 4.
  • Step 1 monitor and collect the arc light radiation intensity inside the switchgear in real time, and convert the collected light radiation intensity into an electrical signal.
  • the arc light inside the switch cabinet can be collected.
  • the acquired arc light is characterized by light intensity information. Since the light intensity information of the arc is directly related to information such as the current intensity of the arc itself that emits the arc light, the present invention collects the intensity information of the arc light.
  • the method of the present invention can not only be used inside the switchgear, but also can be installed on the grid path for high-voltage and strong electric transmission such as cable rooms, where a large number of relays, air switches and other components are integrated and relatively closed, with less ambient light. Inside.
  • the intensity information of the arc light can be obtained by collecting the intensity information of the arc light. Since most of the main components of the arc light are in the ultraviolet light band, the arc light intensity can be collected based on the ultraviolet light band in the present invention.
  • the photocurrent signal can be generated based on the ultraviolet light sensor according to the intensity of the detected light. Through the frequency and intensity information of the photocurrent signal, it can be well characterized whether abnormal discharge or arc caused by insulation fault occurs. For example, when it is found that the photocurrent contains a relatively high component of the power frequency fundamental wave, it can be judged that the signal is caused by the abnormal arc of the bus.
  • the intensity of each different component in the arc is characterized by the intensity and frequency of the arc light, the intensity and frequency of the current signal converted from the arc light, and the intensity and frequency of the voltage signal converted from the current signal, and the total In the voltage signal, the intensity components of the voltage signal in multiple different frequency bands.
  • the abnormal discharge parameters caused by various components in the power system can be obtained, rather than the discharge parameters caused by other factors.
  • the confidence level of this discharge parameter used in the present invention is greatly improved compared to the methods in the prior art.
  • Step 2 extracting the power frequency fundamental wave of the electrical signal, comparing the amplitude of the power frequency fundamental wave of the electrical signal with a first threshold, and generating an early warning signal based on the comparison result of the first threshold.
  • the method often used in the prior art such as a lock-in amplifier can be used to extract the power frequency fundamental wave of the electrical signal.
  • one input terminal of the lock-in amplifier can receive a reference signal with a power frequency fundamental frequency for reference, and the electrical signal and the reference signal can be input to the lock-in amplifier at the same time , the lock-in amplifier can filter out the power frequency fundamental component. After the power frequency fundamental component is extracted, the amplitude of the component can be compared with the first threshold to obtain an early warning signal.
  • the early warning signal involved in the present invention is used to give early warning to the equipment or operation and maintenance personnel, that is, to inform the system operation and maintenance management personnel or the current switch cabinet or other information of the equipment through various host computer systems.
  • the operation and maintenance personnel should check whether there is aging and damage to the insulating components in the switchgear, whether the environment inside and outside the switchgear conforms to the operating environment of the device, etc., and investigate and deal with potential safety hazards as soon as possible.
  • the first threshold U1 is compared with the maximum magnitude of the power frequency fundamental signal Uac, and an early warning signal is generated when the maximum magnitude of the power frequency fundamental signal Uac is greater than or equal to the first threshold U1.
  • the amplitude of the component can be extracted. It can be understood that since the power frequency fundamental wave signal is a component of the electrical signal, its amplitude must be smaller than the total amplitude of the electrical signal.
  • the electrical signal since the electrical signal is generated based on the collection of the intensity of the arc light, the electrical signal also has the same characteristics as the intensity of the arc light in different frequency bands varies. Electrical signals in the time domain can be transformed in the frequency domain by a method similar to Fourier transform. In a digital system, if an electrical signal has been sampled, its signal in the frequency domain is not continuous. Therefore, the electrical signal can be divided into multiple different frequency bands. The signal in the frequency band of the power frequency fundamental wave is caused by the leakage of current on the internal line of the power grid. Therefore, the signal in this frequency band is the most important factor that causes the power grid to fail and requires protection actions. Compared with the amplitude of electrical signals, the amplitude of signals in this frequency band has more practical reference significance. Therefore, the methods of obtaining the early warning signal and the control signal in the present invention are all obtained through the magnitude of the signal in this frequency band.
  • a first threshold U1 is set to compare the maximum amplitude of the signal Uac in the power frequency fundamental wave band with the first threshold U1. Once the maximum amplitude of the signal Uac exceeds the first threshold U1, an early warning signal can be issued.
  • the present invention may also be considered to analyze the strength of the signal Uac, and judge whether to issue an early warning signal based on the signal strength of Uac. In addition, whether to issue an early warning signal can also be judged based on the average amplitude of the signal Uac.
  • the maximum amplitude is selected as the judging method, and on this basis, it is also an easy-to-think method to use the intensity and average amplitude of the signal.
  • the first threshold U1 is generated based on the maximum magnitude of the electrical signal; when the maximum magnitude of the electrical signal is Ut, the first threshold is Ralert*Ut; wherein Ralert is a preset warning constant.
  • the selection of the first threshold U1 should also consider the maximum magnitude of the electrical signal. However, if the determination of whether to give an early warning is based on the average amplitude or signal strength of the Uac signal, the selection of the first threshold U1 should also consider the total average amplitude or signal strength of the electrical signal accordingly.
  • the technical solution in the present invention is essentially to compare the proportion of the power frequency fundamental wave component in the total signal. If the ratio is large, an early warning signal is generated; if the ratio is small, even if the maximum amplitude, or the intensity, or the average amplitude of the total electrical signal is large, a corresponding early warning signal does not need to be issued.
  • the early warning signal of the present invention excludes the arc light caused by the normal leakage under the strong current environment, thereby accurately screening out the real accidents caused by the short circuit of the busbar under the strong current environment. arc light.
  • Ralert may be a preset empirical value, and its value range should be between 0 and 1. Since Ralert represents the proportion of the power frequency fundamental wave signal in the total electrical signal, this factor can be considered to realize the determination of whether to warn or not.
  • the present invention While acquiring the early warning signal, the present invention also generates a control signal, which can be used to control the relay equipment to realize relay protection. This part is described in detail in step 3.
  • Step 3 comparing the amplitude of the power frequency fundamental wave of the electrical signal with the second threshold, and generating a control signal based on the comparison result of the second threshold and the protection time threshold.
  • a second threshold is set.
  • the second threshold can also be compared with the power frequency fundamental component of the electrical signal, but the comparison in step 3 is more strict than that in step 2.
  • the second threshold Um is generated based on the maximum magnitude of the electrical signal; when the maximum magnitude of the electrical signal is Ut, the second threshold is Rpro*Ut; wherein, Rpro is a preset control constant.
  • the second threshold Um is compared with the amplitude of the power frequency fundamental signal Uac, and when the amplitude of the power frequency fundamental signal Uac is greater than or equal to the second threshold Um, a control signal is generated.
  • the second threshold may also be used to compare any one of the multiple features of the power frequency fundamental signal Uac, such as amplitude and intensity.
  • the way of comparing amplitude and intensity features is not using instantaneous values for comparison, for example, the maximum amplitude of a signal within a cycle.
  • the method of the present invention judges whether to send out the control signal according to the continuous state of the amplitude of the signal within a period, for example, within a cycle.
  • the control signal is generated in the following manner: when the magnitude of the power frequency fundamental wave signal Uac is greater than or equal to the second threshold value Um, the second threshold value comparison signal is output at a high level; when the magnitude of the power power frequency fundamental wave signal Uac is When the value is smaller than the second threshold Um, the second threshold comparison signal is output at a low level; when the duty ratio of the second threshold comparison signal is greater than the threshold ratio Rp, a control signal is generated.
  • the control signal can be obtained indirectly by using a second threshold comparison signal as a time lag.
  • a second threshold comparison signal as a time lag.
  • the larger the duty cycle of the high level the longer the time for the power frequency fundamental signal Uac to exceed the second threshold Um.
  • the control circuit when the duty ratio of the second threshold comparison signal exceeds a threshold ratio Rp, the control circuit can be controlled to generate a control signal.
  • the size of the threshold ratio Rp can be set according to empirical values, and its value range is also between 0 and 1.
  • the duty ratio of the second threshold comparison signal is compared after a delay time ⁇ t until the duty ratio of the second threshold comparison signal is greater than the threshold ratio Rp.
  • ratio Rp a control signal is generated.
  • control signal can be generated in real time, that is to say, the duty ratio of the second threshold comparison signal can be continuously judged. If the duty ratio of the second threshold comparison signal at the current moment is less than the threshold ratio Rp, after a delay of a set time ⁇ t, the duty cycle of the second threshold comparison signal may be acquired until the control signal is generated.
  • control signal can be obtained in time without a large time delay, so that in the critical state of abnormal discharge transition of the arc light, the time to start the protection can be effectively judged.
  • step 3 of the present invention can conveniently use the data obtained in step 2 for further analysis and provide control signals. Therefore, the circuit used in step 3 is partly based on the circuit module used in step 2 to achieve circuit multiplexing, which reduces the complexity of the circuit while increasing the effective use of data and the consistency of data sources sex. On the other hand, the setting of the first threshold comparison and the second threshold comparison effectively realizes circuit isolation, so that the circuit modules in step 3 will not have any impact on the circuit modules in step 2.
  • Step 4 based on the early warning signal and the control signal, the protection of the switchgear in the critical arc light environment is carried out.
  • the protection of the switchgear can also be implemented based on the early warning signal and the control signal in the present invention.
  • the output terminal of the early warning signal can be connected to an external host computer system, so as to report early warning information through the external host computer system.
  • the system can also realize the release of early warning information of the external host computer system, and the operation and maintenance personnel or corresponding electrical equipment can obtain the early warning notification, thereby realizing early warning.
  • the output terminal of the control signal can be connected to the relay protection unit, so that the relay protection unit can realize fast protection action based on the control signal.
  • This process is completely realized through automation, so the protection is accurate and fast, which fully meets the reliable protection of abnormal discharge in the switchgear.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of a critical arc light phase-locked judging device according to the present invention.
  • the second aspect of the present invention relates to a critical arc light phase-locked judging device, the device includes an acquisition module, a first comparison module, a second comparison module and a control module; wherein the acquisition module is used for real-time monitoring And collect the arc light radiation intensity inside the switch cabinet, and convert the collected light radiation intensity into an electrical signal; the first comparison module is used to extract the power frequency fundamental wave of the electrical signal, and convert the amplitude of the electrical signal Comparing with the first threshold, and generating an early warning signal based on the first threshold comparison result; the second comparison module is used to compare the amplitude of the power frequency fundamental wave of the electrical signal with the second threshold, and based on the second threshold comparison The result and the protection time threshold generate a control signal; the control module is used for performing the protection of the switchgear in the critical arc light environment based on the early warning signal and the control signal.
  • the acquisition module, the first comparison module, the second comparison module and the control module in the present invention can be used to respectively execute steps 1 to 4 in the corresponding method of the present invention.
  • modules are used to describe each component in the device, it does not mean that the arrangement of each component in the module is distributed according to different modules.
  • the above-mentioned modules described in the present invention are all virtual modules that realize multiple different functions.
  • the components for collecting arc light in the collection module of the present invention should be arranged inside the switch cabinet, while the components for amplifying arc light can be arranged outside the switch cabinet and integrated in the main body of the device. Moreover, the connection between the two is realized through a line.
  • the acquisition module includes an ultraviolet light probe and a current-voltage converter; wherein, the ultraviolet light probe is an ultraviolet avalanche photodiode, which is arranged in the switch cabinet for collecting the light radiation intensity in the switch cabinet, and its output terminal is converted to the current and voltage The input end of the device is connected; the current-voltage converter converts the current signal of the optical radiation intensity collected by the ultraviolet light probe into a voltage signal, and its output end is connected with the first comparison module.
  • the ultraviolet light probe is an ultraviolet avalanche photodiode, which is arranged in the switch cabinet for collecting the light radiation intensity in the switch cabinet, and its output terminal is converted to the current and voltage
  • the current-voltage converter converts the current signal of the optical radiation intensity collected by the ultraviolet light probe into a voltage signal, and its output end is connected with the first comparison module.
  • the main component of the arc light is the ultraviolet band, only an ultraviolet light probe needs to be provided in the present invention.
  • the arc light in other bands is not mainly caused by the leakage of the grid line, but may be caused by the arc light caused by the leakage of the grid line, which is generated after indirect scattering and reflection. Therefore, in the present invention , the light of this part of the wavelength is not included in the collection range.
  • the UV avalanche photodiode can collect the intensity of the arc light and convert it into an electrical signal.
  • the electric signal mainly characterizes the intensity and frequency characteristics of the arc light by way of current, therefore, the current signal needs to be further converted.
  • the current-voltage converter can convert the current signal into a voltage signal and amplify the voltage signal so that the output of the voltage signal fully meets Requirements for realizing the functions of the post-stage circuit and the requirements for judging accuracy.
  • the first comparison module includes a lock-in amplifier and an early warning unit; wherein, the input terminal of the lock-in amplifier is connected to the first output terminal of the current-voltage converter, and the output terminal is connected to the early warning unit for extracting power from the electrical signal
  • the power frequency fundamental wave signal Uac is input into the early warning unit; the early warning unit, the input terminal is connected to the first output terminal of the current-voltage converter, and the output terminal is connected to the external upper computer system, which is used to compare the first threshold value U1 and the electric power The amplitude of the power frequency fundamental wave signal Uac and send an early warning signal to the upper computer system.
  • the first comparison module in the present invention can receive the voltage signal from the acquisition module, and extract the power frequency fundamental wave component Uac in the voltage signal through the lock-in amplifier.
  • the lock-in amplifier as a commonly used component for filtering signals in the circuit, can ensure the passage of signals in a specific frequency band under the control of the level, thereby realizing the filtering of the power frequency fundamental component Uac.
  • the Uac signal can be sent to the early warning unit, and the early warning unit can be realized by using a comparator commonly used in the prior art. Through the comparator, the Uac signal is compared with the first threshold U1, so as to realize the generation of the early warning signal.
  • the value of the first threshold U1 can be changed during the generation of the early warning signal. That is, the reference voltage at one of the inputs of the comparator is changed.
  • the reference voltage can be realized by a variable reference signal. This part of the content is not shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the reference signal can be directly transmitted to the warning unit by the current-voltage amplifier, the reference signal receives the electrical signal output by the current-voltage amplifier, and generates the first threshold based on a set ratio.
  • the first comparison module further includes a first level control unit; the first level control unit is used to obtain the power frequency, and generate the sampling frequency of the lock-in amplifier based on the power frequency.
  • the first level control unit in the first comparison module can set the sampling frequency of the lock-in amplifier based on the power frequency.
  • This setting method is a common method in the prior art, and will not be described in detail in the present invention.
  • the sampling frequency range of the lock-in amplifier is 50Hz to 60Hz.
  • the sampling frequency of the lock-in amplifier is set at a fixed value between 50Hz and 60Hz, the lock-in amplifier can effectively obtain power frequency components and filter out other components.
  • the second comparison module includes a hysteresis comparator and a judgment unit; wherein, the hysteresis comparator has an input terminal connected to the output terminal of the lock-in amplifier, and an output terminal connected to the judgment unit for comparing the second threshold value Um and the power frequency The amplitude of the fundamental wave signal Uac, and the second threshold value comparison signal is sent to the judgment unit; the judgment unit, the input end is connected to the output end of the hysteresis comparator, and the output end is connected to the external relay protection unit for judging the second threshold value Compare the duty cycle of the signal and generate and send the control signal to the external protection relay unit.
  • the hysteresis comparator and the judging unit in the second comparison module in the present invention receive the output from the lock-in amplifier in sequence.
  • the hysteresis comparator can judge the magnitude between the power frequency fundamental wave signal Uac and the second threshold Um, and generate the second threshold comparison signal by judging the obtained high and low level signals.
  • the judging unit in the present invention can extract the duty ratio in the second threshold comparison signal, and obtain the control signal by comparing the duty ratio with the threshold ratio Rp.
  • the second comparison module further includes a second level control unit; wherein the second level control unit is used to control the value of the second threshold Um of the hysteresis comparator.
  • the second comparison module can obtain the second threshold value Um of the hysteresis comparator. It can be understood that, although in the process of determining the power frequency fundamental wave signal Uac, the value of the second threshold value Um is Certainly unchanged. However, when the device of the present invention is used in connection with a relay protection unit and plays a protective role, the device of the present invention can improve the size of the second threshold Um based on the model, performance, parameters, etc. of the relay protection unit.
  • the second level control unit based on the control of the external encoder, realizes the generation of the second threshold voltage Um, and controls the hysteresis comparator through the second threshold voltage Um; the external encoder, and the external relay protection unit
  • the connection is used for realizing the encoding of the reference level of the second threshold voltage Um based on the instruction issued by the external relay protection unit.
  • the adjusted circuit unit is the reference level control module in FIG. 4 , which is also referred to as the second level control unit herein.
  • the relay protection unit of the present invention can adjust the size of the second threshold voltage Um according to the judgment result of the judgment unit, for example, an instruction can be sent to the encoder, and after the encoder receives the instruction from the relay protection unit, , can encode and send the code to the second level control unit. After receiving the code, the second level control unit generates a more reasonable second threshold voltage Um, so that the comparison logic of the hysteresis comparator is updated.
  • the first level control unit, the judging unit, the second level control unit, and the control module may respectively be one or more processors or controllers with a communication interface capable of implementing a communication protocol, If necessary, it may also include a memory and related interfaces, a system transmission bus, etc.; the processor or controller executes program-related codes to implement corresponding functions.
  • the first level control unit, the judging unit, the second level control unit, and the control module share an integrated chip or share devices such as a controller and a memory.
  • the shared controller or chip executes program-related codes to realize corresponding functions.
  • the external relay protection unit is a relay protection device commonly used in the electric power field; the power management unit is a power management control device commonly used in the electric power field.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of protection and early warning judgment logic of a critical arc light phase-lock judgment device according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5 , as mentioned above in this article, the generation of the early warning signal and the control signal in the present invention is implemented separately. By comparing the power frequency fundamental wave signal with the electrical signal, an early warning signal can be generated. The control signal can be generated by comparing the power frequency fundamental signal with the electrical signal.
  • the device includes multiple channels, wherein each channel is used to collect an arc light radiation intensity, and generates an early warning signal and a control signal based on the arc light radiation intensity; the device provides a An input port, an early warning signal output port, and a control signal output port.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the system layout of a critical arc light phase-locking judging device according to the present invention.
  • the critical arc light phase-lock judging device can be set on the frame together with other related devices.
  • the rack can be set adjacent to switchgear and other power grid equipment that needs to detect abnormal arc light.
  • the critical arc light phase-locking judging device in the present invention can be an integrated device, for example, a device is integrated with multiple channels, and each channel can receive, process and analyze an arc light signal, so as to An early warning signal and a control signal for one arc light signal are respectively generated.
  • Fig. 6 is an embodiment of the present invention, which may include 10 groups of the acquisition module, the first comparison module, the second comparison module and the control module mentioned above. That is to say, this device can simultaneously detect and process 10 different arc light signals.
  • the ultraviolet light probe in the present invention is set separately from the device body, and the connection and data transmission are realized through the connection line and the multi-channel input interface on the device body.
  • the panel of the device can also include indicator lights for power supply, communication, whether the sensor is working normally, and status indicators for the status of 10 channels.
  • equipment such as an Ethernet interface can also be added.
  • the device of the present invention may include a signal output port for outputting an early warning signal and a control signal of each channel respectively.
  • the power module can be installed on the rack in an external manner to realize power supply to the device.
  • the module on the left side of Figure 6 is a terminal block for connecting an external relay protection unit or an early warning unit. It is used to convert the interface format of early warning signal control signal and ground wire and other lines. Since it does not relate to the main content of the invention in the present invention, no specific description is given here.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that, compared with the prior art, a critical arc light phase-locking judgment method and device in the present invention can extract the power frequency fundamental wave from the arc light signal, based on the power frequency fundamental wave The amplitude of the signal is calculated to obtain the early warning and control signal to realize the protection action.
  • the method of the invention has simple ideas, simple device components and structure, low system complexity, low hardware cost, and is convenient for installation and maintenance.

Abstract

一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：步骤1，实时监测并采集开关柜内部的电弧光辐照强度，并将采集获得的光辐照强度转换为电信号；步骤2，提取所述电信号的电力工频基波，并将所述电信号的电力工频基波的幅值与第一阈值进行比较，以及基于第一阈值比较结果生成预警信号；步骤3，将所述电信号的电力工频基波的幅值与第二阈值进行比较，以及基于第二阈值比较结果和保护时间门限生成控制信号；步骤4，基于所述预警信号和所述控制信号执行所述临界电弧光环境下所述开关柜的保护。本发明方法思路简洁，装置元件和结构简单，系统复杂度低、硬件成本小，便于安装维护。

Description

一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电力设备领域，更具体地，涉及一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法和装置。
背景技术
目前，开关柜作为在发电、输电、配电和变电各个过程实现开合、控制和保护用电设备的主要部件，在电力系统中发挥着重要作用。开关柜内部的部件主要包括断路器、隔离开关、负荷开关、操作机构、互感器以及各种保护装置等。
这些部件，在工作过程中会因为各种异常因素而发生大概率且不定期的异常放电。这类异常放电不仅会引起开关柜内部设备绝缘部分的损伤和击穿，严重的还会引发母线对地短路或相间短路，产生电弧，导致开关柜受损甚至爆炸。这种问题严重威胁着设备、电网以及运维人员的安全。
对开关柜内部间歇性电弧和贯穿性电弧进行实时有效的监测和判断，不仅能够对电网隐患进行有效预警，还能够对电网故障进行及时保护。由于开关柜中，在强电运输和转移的过程中经常会发生放电，因此放电是否引发了电弧光则成为了判断放电是否为异常放电的有效判据。
现有技术中，已经采用了开关柜弧光保护系统来对开关柜的异常放电情况进行报警和保护。通常，弧光保护系统采用弧光传感器采集开关柜或电缆室内的电弧光强度，采用电感线圈采集母线电流，并通过采集得到的电弧光强度和母线电流大小同时对异常放电情况进行判定，并实现保护动作。
然而，现有技术中的这种方法，只有在母线电流异常的基础上，才可能判定出异常放电情况。这相当于默认了异常放电只可能是通过贯穿性电弧形成的，而基于间歇性电流所导致的异常放电则被排除在外。在这一逻辑下，当间歇性电流导致开关柜异常甚至电网异常时，现有技术中的弧光保护系统无法对开关柜的元件执行保护动作，导致了大量安全隐患。
另外，现有技术中，装置需要与多个电感线圈和紫外光电探头连接以实现探测和信息采集，因此，系统复杂度高，硬件成本大，安装维护过程复杂。
第三，现有技术中只能对总的电弧光强度进行利用，并基于总的光强度判断 异常放电，容易受到外界环境光等多种因素的影响，导致判定结果准确度不高，以及保护动作的触发时间难以合理设置等问题。因此，现有技术中的保护方法一方面容易误触发保护，从而降低电网运行效率；另一方面也容易在真实故障时错过保护动作，导致电网故障。
因此，亟需一种新的临界电弧光锁相判断方法和装置。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的不足，本发明的目的在于，提供一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法和装置，通过从电弧光信号中提取电力工频基波，基于对电力工频基波信号的幅度进行计算得到预警和控制信号，以实现保护动作。
本发明采用如下的技术方案。本发明第一方面，涉及一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法，其方法包括以下步骤：步骤1，实时监测并采集开关柜内部的电弧光辐照强度，并将采集获得的光辐照强度转换为电信号；步骤2，提取电信号的电力工频基波，并将电信号的电力工频基波的幅值与第一阈值进行比较，以及基于第一阈值比较结果生成预警信号；步骤3，将电信号的电力工频基波的幅值与第二阈值进行比较，以及基于第二阈值比较结果和保护时间门限生成控制信号；步骤4，基于预警信号和控制信号执行临界电弧光环境下开关柜的保护。
优选地，步骤2中，比较第一阈值U1和电力工频基波信号Uac的最大幅值，当电力工频基波信号Uac的最大幅值大于等于第一阈值U1时，生成预警信号。
优选地，第一阈值U1基于电信号的最大幅值生成；当电信号的最大幅值为Ut时，第一阈值U1为Ralert*Ut；其中，Ralert为预先设定的预警常量。
优选地，步骤3中，比较第二阈值Um和电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值，当电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值大于等于第二阈值Um时，生成控制信号。
优选地，步骤3中，所述控制信号的生成方式为：当电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值大于等于第二阈值Um时，输出第二阈值比较信号为高电平；当电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值小于第二阈值Um时，输出第二阈值比较信号为低电平；当第二阈值比较信号的占空比大于门限占比Rp时，生成控制信号。
优选地，若当前时刻，第二阈值比较信号的占空比小于门限占比Rp时，延迟时间Δt后对比较信号的占空比与门限占比Rp进行再次比较，直到第二阈值比较信号的占空比大于门限占比Rp时，生成控制信号。
本发明第二方面，涉及一种临界电弧光锁相判断装置，包括采集模块、第一比较模块、第二比较模块和控制模块；其中，采集模块，用于实时监测并采集开关柜内部的电弧光辐照强度，并将采集获得的光辐照强度转换为电信号；第一比较模块，用于提取电信号的电力工频基波，并将电信号的幅值与第一阈值进行比较，以及基于第一阈值比较结果生成预警信号；第二比较模块，用于将电信号的电力工频基波的幅值与第二阈值进行比较，以及基于第二阈值比较结果和保护时间门限生成控制信号；控制模块，用于基于预警信号和控制信号执行临界电弧光环境下开关柜的保护。
优选地，采集模块包括紫外光探头和电流电压转换器；其中，紫外光探头为紫外雪崩光电二极管，设置于开关柜内，用于采集开关柜内的光辐射强度，其输出端与电流电压转换器的输入端连接；电流电压转换器，将紫外光探头采集的光辐射强度电流信号转换为电压信号，其输出端与第一比较模块连接。
优选地，第一比较模块包括锁相放大器和预警单元；其中，锁相放大器的输入端与电流电压转换器的第一输出端连接，锁相放大器的输出端与预警单元连接，用于从电信号中提取电力工频基波信号Uac并将其输入至预警单元中；预警单元的输入端与电流电压转换器的第一输出端连接，预警单元的输出端与外部上位机系统连接，用于比较第一阈值U1和电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值并向上位机系统中发送预警信号。
优选地，第一比较模块中还包括第一电平控制单元；第一电平控制单元用于获取电力工频，并基于电力工频生成锁相放大器的采样频率。
优选地，锁相放大器的采样频率区间为50Hz至60Hz。
优选地，第二比较模块包括迟滞比较器和判断单元；其中，迟滞比较器，输入端与锁相放大器的输出端连接，输出端与判断单元连接，用于比较第二阈值Um和电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值，并将第二阈值比较信号发送至判断单元；判断单元，输入端与迟滞比较器的输出端连接，输出端与外部继电保护单元连接，用于判断第二阈值比较信号的占空比并生成和发送控制信号至外部继电保护单元。
优选地，第二比较模块还包括第二电平控制单元；其中，第二电平控制单元用于对迟滞比较器的第二阈值Um的取值进行控制。
优选地，第二电平控制单元，基于外部编码器的控制，实现第二阈值电压Um的生成，并通过第二阈值电压Um对迟滞比较器进行控制；外部编码器，与外部继电保护单元连接，用于基于外部继电保护单元发出的指令实现第二阈值电压Um参考电平的编码。
优选地，所述临界电弧光锁相判断装置包括多路通道，其中，每路通道用于对一个电弧光辐照强度进行采集，并基于所述电弧光辐照强度生成一个预警信号和一个控制信号；装置为每路信号提供一个输入端口和一个预警信号输出端口、一个控制信号输出端口。
本发明的有益效果在于，与现有技术相比，本发明中一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法和装置，能够通过从电弧光信号中提取电力工频基波，基于对电力工频基波信号的幅度进行计算得到预警和控制信号，以实现保护动作。本发明方法思路简洁，装置元件和结构简单，系统复杂度低、硬件成本小，便于安装维护。
本发明的有益效果还包括：
1、本发明在母线电流异常的情况下，只需要对电弧光强度一种信号进行采集即可，不涉及电感线圈对母线电流的检测，因此，节省了大量电感线圈的安装、维护和使用成本，降低了装置的复杂程度。
2、本发明通过锁相放大器，能够甄别到电弧光中的工频成分，并只对于工频成分的信号强度进行判定，具有很高的置信度，相比现有技术中的弧光检测系统的强度判断依据更为可靠。
3、本发明中未将母线电流作为必要判据，从而将间歇性电弧可能导致的异常问题也计入保护范围，提高了对电网的安全保护能力。
4、本发明中能够对异常放电情况进行实时跟踪，并在异常放电转换为稳定电弧的临界状态，实现快速准确的保护。这一保护时间的设置，不仅大幅降低了误保护发生的概率，还提高了合理保护的准确性和时效性。
总之，本发明方法，能够最大限度保护设备和人员安全不会受到高能电弧的威胁，保障了电网的安全持续运行。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中电弧光保护系统的框架结构示意图；
图2为现有技术中电弧光保护系统的保护判定逻辑示意图；
图3为本发明一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法的步骤示意图；
图4为本发明一种临界电弧光锁相判断装置的框架结构示意图；
图5为本发明一种临界电弧光锁相判断装置的保护和预警判定逻辑示意图；
图6为本发明一种临界电弧光锁相判断装置的系统布置示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本申请作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
图1为现有技术中电弧光保护系统的框架结构示意图。如图1所示，现有技术中的一种电弧光保护系统，包括电流辅助单元、弧光传感器辅助单元和主单元组成。其中，电流辅助单元可以采用罗格夫线圈和霍尔线圈对母线电流进行测量，而弧光传感器辅助单元，则可以基于紫外光探头对开关柜母线或电缆室内的电弧光进行探测，并实时记录光辐照强度。
另外，主单元则可以通过电平阈值，来分别对于弧光传感器辅助单元、母线电流辅助单元生成的两路信号的强度进行判定，当两路信号的强度均超过设定阈值时，说明本发明中的信号强度达到了启动保护的充分条件，应当进行保护动作。
图2为现有技术中电弧光保护系统的保护判定逻辑示意图。如图2所示，当其中只有一个信号超过了电平阈值时，只能够生成预警信号，通过系统预警的方式，提示电网中存在安全风险，而不会进行保护动作。
现有技术中电弧光系统进行风险判定的核心原理是“电流传感器+紫外弧光传感器”的双阈值强度判断，当两路信号的强度均超过设定阈值时，可认为电弧光是由短路的贯通行电弧构成的，而不是间歇电弧或外界光干扰。
图3为本发明一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法的步骤示意图。如图3所示，本发明第一方面涉及一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法，其中包括步骤1至步骤4。
步骤1，实时监测并采集开关柜内部的电弧光辐照强度，并将采集获得的光辐照强度转换为电信号。
本发明方法中，首先可以对开关柜内部的电弧光进行采集。采集过程中，获取的电弧光的特征为光强度信息。由于电弧的光强度信息，与发出电弧光的电弧本身的电流强度等信息直接相关，因此，本发明中是对电弧光的强度信息进行采集的。
本发明的方法，不仅可以使用在开关柜内部，还可以设置在电缆室等进行高压强电传输的电网路径上，具备大量继电器、空气开关等元件集成的相对封闭的、环境光较少的区域内。
本发明中的方法，对于电弧光的强度信息进行采集可以得到电弧光的强度。由于电弧光的主要成分大部分处于紫外光波段，因此，本发明中可以基于紫外光波段来进行电弧光强度的采集。在采集的过程中，可以基于紫外光传感器，依照探测光强度，生成光电流信号。通过光电流信号的频率和强度信息，可以很好的表征出是否产生了由绝缘故障引起的异常放电或电弧。例如，当发现光电流中含有较高成分的工频基波时，则可以判断该信号是由母线异常电弧所引起。
如果该电弧是由于母线电流放电引起的，则该电弧中，电力工频基波的强度占总的电弧的强度的比例则会非常高，而由于放电过程中所生成的电磁辐射等干扰的强度则较低。因此，将电弧中各个不同分量的强度，依次通过电弧光的强度和频率，电弧光转化成的电流信号的强度和频率，电流信号转化成的电压信号的强度和频率来表征，能够计算出总的电压信号中，多个不同频段的电压信号的强度分量。
因此，根据工频基波这一波段内，电压信号强度占总信号强度的比例，则可以获得由电力系统中各个元器件所引发的异常放电参数，而非其他因素所引发的放电参数。相比现有技术中的方法，本发明中采用的这一放电参数的置信度大幅提高。
步骤2，提取电信号的电力工频基波，并将电信号的电力工频基波的幅值与第一阈值进行比较，以及基于第一阈值比较结果生成预警信号。
本发明中，可以采用锁相放大器等现有技术中经常采用的方式，来对电信号的电力工频基波进行提取。具体来说，根据锁相放大器的工作原理，可以使得锁相放大器的一个输入端接收一个具备工频基波频率的用于参考的基准信号，将电信号与该基准信号同时输入至锁相放大器中，锁相放大器即可过滤出工频基波分量。提取到工频基波分量后，可以首先将该分量的幅值与第一阈值进行比较，以得到预警信号。
可以理解的是，本发明中所涉及的预警信号是用来对设备或运维人员进行预警的，也就是通过各种上位机系统的方式告知系统运维管理人员或者设备当前的 开关柜或其他本发明装置所布置的位置上存在异常放电的隐患。及时当前的异常放电，还不足以使得电网出现故障，但是，这种异常情况如果经常发生，或者长期存在，则应当被重视起来并合理解决。例如，当预警信号开始发生，则运维人员应当检查开关柜内是否出现了绝缘元件老化损坏，开关柜内外环境是否符合器件运行环境等，并及早对于安全隐患进行排查和处理。
优选地，步骤2中，比较第一阈值U1和电力工频基波信号Uac的最大幅值，当电力工频基波信号Uac的最大幅值大于等于第一阈值U1时，生成预警信号。
本发明中，在提取到电信号中的电力工频基波信号这一信号分量后，就可以对该分量的幅值进行提取。可以理解的是，由于电力工频基波信号属于电信号中的一个分量，因此，其幅值一定小于电信号的总幅值。
通常来说，由于电信号是基于对电弧光的强度采集生成的，因此，随着电弧光在不同频段下的强度的不同，电信号也具备相同的特征。时域下的电信号可以通过类似傅里叶变换的方法实现频域的转换。在数字系统中，如果电信号经过了采样，则其在频域下的信号并非是连续的，因此，电信号可以被划分成多个不同的频段。电力工频基波这一频段的信号，是由于电网内部线路上电流的漏电所引发的，因此，这一频段信号是导致电网出现故障，需要保护动作的最主要因素。相比于电信号的幅值大小，这一频段的信号的幅值大小更具有实际的参考意义。因此本发明中预警信号和控制信号的获得方式都是通过这一频段的信号的幅值大小得到的。
本发明中，为了对何时发出预警信号进行合理的设计，设置了第一阈值U1，以将电力工频基波这一波段下的信号Uac的最大幅值与该第一阈值U1进行比较。一旦信号Uac的最大幅值超过了第一阈值U1，则可以发出预警信号。
本发明中，也可以考虑对信号Uac的强度进行分析，并基于Uac的信号强度判断是否发出预警信号。另外，也可以基于信号Uac的平均幅值判断是否发出预警信号。
本发明的实施例中选取了最大幅值作为判断方式，在此基础上，采用该信号的强度和平均幅值也均是容易想到的方法。
优选地，第一阈值U1基于电信号的最大幅值生成；当电信号的最大幅值为Ut时，第一阈值为Ralert*Ut；其中，Ralert为预先设定的预警常量。
可以理解的是，本发明中，如果基于Uac信号的最大幅值对是否预警进行判定，则第一阈值U1的选取也应当考虑电信号的最大幅值。而如果是基于Uac信号的平均幅值或信号强度对是否预警进行判定，则第一阈值U1的选取也应当相应的考虑电信号的总的平均幅值或信号强度。
可以理解的是，本发明中的技术方案实质上，是比较电力工频基波分量在总信号中所占据的比例。如果该比例较大，则生成预警信号，如果该比例较小，即便是总的电信号的最大幅值，或者是强度、平均幅值较大的情况下，也不必发出相应的预警信号。
通过这种方式，本发明的预警信号，排除了工作在强电环境下的正常漏电所导致的电弧光，从而准确的筛选出了强电环境下真正会引发事故的母线短路等情况下导致的电弧光。
本发明中，Ralert可以是预先设定的经验值，其取值范围应当在0到1之间。由于Ralert代表了电力工频基波信号在总的电信号中的占比，因此，可以以这一因素进行考虑，实现对是否预警的判定。
在对预警信号进行获取的同时，本发明中还对控制信号进行了生成，该控制信号能够用来控制继电设备实现继电保护。这部分内容在步骤3中进行了详细描述。
步骤3，将电信号的电力工频基波的幅值与第二阈值进行比较，以及基于第二阈值比较结果和保护时间门限生成控制信号。
本发明中，为了实现对控制信号生成的判定，设置了第二阈值。该第二阈值同样可以与电信号的电力工频基波分量进行比较，但步骤3中的比较，相对步骤2来说，更为严格。作为本发明的一个实施例，所述第二阈值Um基于所述电信号的最大幅值生成；当所述电信号的最大幅值为Ut时，所述第二阈值为Rpro*Ut；其中，Rpro为预先设定的控制常量。
优选地，步骤3中，比较第二阈值Um和电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值，当电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值大于等于第二阈值Um时，生成控制信号。
可以理解的是，本发明中，也可以采用第二阈值对电力工频基波信号Uac的多个特征中的任意一个进行比较，例如幅值、强度等等。与步骤2中不同的是，步骤3中，对于幅值、强度特征进行比较的方式，并不是采用瞬时值进行比较的， 例如一个周期内信号的最大幅值。本发明的方法是通过一个时段，例如一个周期内信号的幅值的持续状态来判断是否发出控制信号的。
优选地，控制信号的生成方式为：当电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值大于等于第二阈值Um时，输出第二阈值比较信号为高电平；当电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值小于第二阈值Um时，输出第二阈值比较信号为低电平；当第二阈值比较信号的占空比大于门限占比Rp时，生成控制信号。
本发明的方法中，可以通过一个第二阈值比较信号作为时滞，间接的得到控制信号。首先，对一个时段，例如整周期内的电力工频基波信号Uac与第二阈值Um进行比较，由于在整个周期内，电力工频基波信号Uac的取值在部分相位中大于第二阈值Um，而在部分相位中小于第二阈值Um。因此，生成的第二阈值比较信号就会区分出高电平和低电平。高电平的占空比越大，则说明该电力工频基波信号Uac超过第二阈值Um的时间越长，通常来说，也说明电力工频基波信号Uac的最大幅值越高。
在这一情况下，当第二阈值比较信号的占空比超过一个门限占比Rp时，则可以控制电路生成一个控制信号。门限占比Rp的大小可以根据经验值来设定，其取值范围也在0到1之间。优选地，若当前时刻，比较信号的占空比小于门限占比Rp时，延迟时间Δt后对第二阈值比较信号的占空比进行比较，直到第二阈值比较信号的占空比大于门限占比Rp时，生成控制信号。
本发明中，可以实时的对于控制信号进行生成，也就是说，可以不断的对第二阈值比较信号的占空比大小进行判定，如果当前时刻第二阈值比较信号的占空比小于门限占比Rp，则可以延迟一个设定的时间Δt之后，再对第二阈值比较信号的占空比进行获取，直到生成控制信号为止。
需要说明的是，如果当前时刻t h下，对当前一个周期的第二阈值比较信号的占空比与Rp进行比较后，发现当前周期的第二阈值比较信号的占空比小于门限占比Rp时，则对下一时刻再次进行分析，从而能够得到下一时刻下的第二阈值比较信号的占空比数据。具体来说，下一时刻可以通过公式t h＝t h+Δt的方式得到。
通过这种方法，可以及时的获得控制信号，不会出现较大的时延，从而在电弧光发生异常放电转变的临界状态下，有效的判断出启动保护的时间。
另外，本发明步骤3可以方便的利用步骤2中获得的数据来进一步的进行分析，并提供控制信号。因此，步骤3中所采用的电路，一部分程度上是基于步骤2中所采用的电路模块实现了电路的复用，降低了电路复杂度的同时，增加了数据的有效利用，以及数据来源的一致性。另一方面，第一阈值比较与第二阈值比较的设置有效的实现了电路的隔离，使得步骤3中的电路模块不会对步骤2中的电路模块造成任何影响。
步骤4，基于预警信号和控制信号执行临界电弧光环境下开关柜的保护。
在通过步骤2和步骤3获得了预警信号和控制信号之后，本发明中还可以基于预警信号和控制信号执行开关柜的保护。
例如，可以将预警信号的输出端接入至外部上位机系统中，从而通过外部上位机系统报告预警信息。进一步的，通过该系统还可以实现外部上位机系统的预警信息的发布，运维人员或相应的电器设备可以获得该预警通知，从而实现预警。
另一方面，控制信号的输出端可以接入至继电保护单元中，从而使得继电保护单元基于该控制信号实现快速的保护动作。这一过程完全是通过自动化方式实现的，因此保护准确、快速，充分满足了对开关柜中异常放电的可靠保护。
图4为本发明一种临界电弧光锁相判断装置的框架结构示意图。如图4所示，本发明第二方面，涉及一种临界电弧光锁相判断装置，装置包括采集模块、第一比较模块、第二比较模块和控制模块；其中，采集模块，用于实时监测并采集开关柜内部的电弧光辐照强度，并将采集获得的光辐照强度转换为电信号；第一比较模块，用于提取电信号的电力工频基波，并将电信号的幅值与第一阈值进行比较，以及基于第一阈值比较结果生成预警信号；第二比较模块，用于将电信号的电力工频基波的幅值与第二阈值进行比较，以及基于第二阈值比较结果和保护时间门限生成控制信号；控制模块，用于基于预警信号和控制信号执行临界电弧光环境下开关柜的保护。
可以理解的是，本发明中的采集模块、第一比较模块、第二比较模块和控制模块分别可以用于执行本发明相应方法中的步骤1至步骤4。另外，尽管采用模块对装置中的各个元件进行了描述，但并不表示模块中的各个元件的布置方式是按照不同模块实现分布的。本发明中所记载的上述模块均是实现多个不同功能的虚拟模块。
例如，本发明中的采集模块中对于电弧光进行采集的元件就应当设置在开关柜内部，而对于电弧光进行放大的元件，则可以被设置在开关柜外部，集成在装置主体中。并且，两者之间通过线路实现连接。
优选地，采集模块包括紫外光探头和电流电压转换器；其中，紫外光探头为紫外雪崩光电二极管，设置于开关柜内，用于采集开关柜内的光辐射强度，其输出端与电流电压转换器的输入端连接；电流电压转换器，将紫外光探头采集的光辐射强度电流信号转换为电压信号，其输出端与第一比较模块连接。
可以理解的是，由于电弧光的主要成分为紫外线波段，因此本发明中只需要设置紫外光探头即可。可以理解的是，电弧光在其他波段的，主要也并非是由于电网线路漏电造成的，可能是由于电网线路漏电所导致的电弧光，在间接发生的散射、反射后产生的，因此本发明中，将这部分波长的光不计入采集范围之内。
紫外雪崩光电二极管可以采集到电弧光的强度，并将其转换为电信号。该电信号主要通过电流的方式表征电弧光的强度和频率特征，因此，需要将该电流信号进一步执行转换。该电流信号经过传输线路被输入至位于本发明装置本体中的电流电压转换器之后，电流电压转换器能够将电流信号转换为电压信号，并对电压信号进行放大，以使得电压信号的输出充分满足后级电路功能实现的需求，以及判断准确性的需求。
优选地，第一比较模块包括锁相放大器和预警单元；其中，锁相放大器，输入端与电流电压转换器的第一输出端连接，输出端与预警单元连接，用于从电信号中提取电力工频基波信号Uac并将其输入至预警单元中；预警单元，输入端与电流电压转换器的第一输出端连接，输出端与外部上位机系统连接，用于比较第一阈值U1和电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值并向上位机系统中发送预警信号。
可以理解的是，本发明中的第一比较模块能够接收到来自采集模块的电压信号，并通过锁相放大器提取出电压信号中电力工频基波分量Uac。
锁相放大器作为电路中常用的对于信号进行滤波的元件，能够在控制电平的作用下，确保特定频段的信号通过，从而实现了对于电力工频基波分量Uac的过滤。另外，通过锁相放大器后，Uac信号能够被发送至预警单元，预警单元可以采用现有技术中常用的比较器来实现。通过比较器，对Uac信号与第一阈值U1进行比较，以实现预警信号的生成。
可以理解的是，本发明中，预警信号的生成过程中，第一阈值U1的取值是可以改变的。也就是说，比较器的其中一个输入端的参考电压是改变的。该参考电压可以通过一个可变的参考信号来实现的。这部分内容在图4中并未示出。具体来说，该参考信号能够由电流电压放大器直接传输至预警单元中，该参考信号对电流电压放大器输出的电信号进行接收，并基于设定的比例生成第一阈值。
优选地，第一比较模块中还包括第一电平控制单元；第一电平控制单元用于获取电力工频，并基于电力工频生成锁相放大器的采样频率。
可以理解的是，第一比较模块中的第一电平控制单元可以基于电力工频来实现对锁相放大器采样频率的设置。这种设置方法作为现有技术中通用的方法，本发明中不再赘述。
优选地，锁相放大器的采样频率区间为50Hz至60Hz。将锁相放大器的采样频率设置在50Hz至60Hz之间的一个固定值时，锁相放大器就可以有效获得电力工频分量，而滤除其他分量。
优选地，第二比较模块包括迟滞比较器和判断单元；其中，迟滞比较器，输入端与锁相放大器的输出端连接，输出端与判断单元连接，用于比较第二阈值Um和电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值，并将第二阈值比较信号发送至判断单元；判断单元，输入端与迟滞比较器的输出端连接，输出端与外部继电保护单元连接，用于判断第二阈值比较信号的占空比并生成和发送控制信号至外部继电保护单元。
可以理解的是，本发明中的第二比较模块中的迟滞比较器和判断单元依次接收来自锁相放大器的输出。其中，迟滞比较器可以判断电力工频基波信号Uac与第二阈值Um之间的大小，并通过判断得到的高低电平信号生成第二阈值比较信号。
而本发明中的判断单元，则可以提取第二阈值比较信号中的占空比，并通过该占空比与门限占比Rp之间的比较，得到控制信号。
优选地，第二比较模块还包括第二电平控制单元；其中，第二电平控制单元用于对迟滞比较器的第二阈值Um的取值进行控制。
本发明中，第二比较模块可以获取到迟滞比较器的第二阈值Um，可以理解的是，尽管在具体对于电力工频基波信号Uac进行判定的过程中，第二阈值Um 的取值是确定不变的。但是，当本发明中的装置与继电保护单元连接使用，并起到保护作用时，本发明的装置可以基于继电保护单元的型号、性能、参数等对第二阈值Um的大小进行改进。
优选地，第二电平控制单元，基于外部编码器的控制，实现第二阈值电压Um的生成，并通过第二阈值电压Um对迟滞比较器进行控制；外部编码器，与外部继电保护单元连接，用于基于外部继电保护单元发出的指令实现第二阈值电压Um参考电平的编码。
可以理解的是，本发明中的第二阈值电压Um的大小是可以调节的。调节的电路单元就是图4中的参考电平控制模块，本文中也称之为第二电平控制单元。具体来说，本发明中继电保护单元可以根据判断单元的判断结果来对第二阈值电压Um的大小进行调整，例如可以发出指令给编码器，而编码器接收到继电保护单元的指令后，可以进行编码，并将编码发送给第二电平控制单元。第二电平控制单元接收到该编码后，生成更加合理的第二阈值电压Um，从而使得迟滞比较器的比较逻辑实现更新。
在本发明的实施例中，所述第一电平控制单元、判断单元、第二电平控制单元、控制模块分别可以是具有通信接口能够实现通信协议的一个或多个处理器或者控制器，如有需要还可以包括存储器及相关的接口、系统传输总线等；所述处理器或者控制器执行程序相关的代码实现相应的功能。或者，可替换的方案为，所述第一电平控制单元、判断单元、第二电平控制单元、控制模块共享一个集成芯片或者共享控制器、存储器等设备。所述共享的控制器器或者芯片执行程序相关的代码实现相应的功能。所述外部继电保护单元为电力领域常用的继电保护装置；所述电源管理单元为电力领域常用的电源管理控制装置。
图5为本发明一种临界电弧光锁相判断装置的保护和预警判定逻辑示意图。如图5所示，如本文上述内容中提及的一样，本发明中预警信号和控制信号的生成是分别实现的。通过对电力工频基波信号与电信号进行比较，可以生成预警信号。通过对电力工频基波信号与电信号进行比较，可以生成控制信号。
优选地，装置包括多路通道，其中，每路通道用于对一个电弧光辐照强度进行采集，并基于该电弧光辐照强度生成一个预警信号和一个控制信号；装置为每路信号提供一个输入端口和一个预警信号输出端口、一个控制信号输出端口。
图6为本发明一种临界电弧光锁相判断装置的系统布置示意图。如图6所示，本发明中，临界电弧光锁相判断装置可以与相关的其他装置一同被设置在机架上。该机架可以邻近开关柜等需要检测电弧光异常的电网设备设置。
通常，本发明中的临界电弧光锁相判断装置可以为集成化的装置，例如，一台装置上集成有多个通道，每一条通道都可以对一个电弧光信号进行接收、处理和分析，以分别生成针对一个电弧光信号的预警信号和控制信号。
图6作为本发明的一个实施例，其中可以包括10组上文中所述的采集模块、第一比较模块、第二比较模块和控制模块。也就是说，这一装置能够同时对10个不同的电弧光信号进行探测和处理。同时，本发明中的紫外光探头与装置本体分离设置，通过连接线路和装置本体上的多路输入接口实现连接和数据传输。
装置面板上还可以包括电源、通信、传感器是否正常工作的指示灯，以及10路通道状态的状态指示灯。同时，为了方便装置中软件的升级还可以增加以太网接口等设备。
本发明装置可以包括信号输出端口，分别输出每一通道的预警信号和控制信号。同时，电源模块可以采用外接的方式安装在机架上，以实现对装置的供电。另外，图6左侧的模块为用于连接外部继电保护单元或预警单元的端子排。用于对预警信号控制信号以及地线等线路的接口格式进行转换。由于不涉及本发明中的主要发明内容，因此在这里不做具体说明。
本发明的有益效果在于，与现有技术相比，本发明中一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法和装置，能够通过从电弧光信号中提取电力工频基波，基于对电力工频基波信号的幅度进行计算得到预警和控制信号，以实现保护动作。本发明方法思路简洁，装置元件和结构简单，系统复杂度低、硬件成本小，便于安装维护。
本发明申请人结合说明书附图对本发明的实施示例做了详细的说明与描述，但是本领域技术人员应该理解，以上实施示例仅为本发明的优选实施方案，详尽的说明只是为了帮助读者更好地理解本发明精神，而并非对本发明保护范围的限制，相反，任何基于本发明的发明精神所作的任何改进或修饰都应当落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤1，实时监测并采集开关柜内部的电弧光辐照强度，并将采集获得的光辐照强度转换为电信号；
    步骤2，提取所述电信号的电力工频基波，并将所述电信号的电力工频基波的幅值与第一阈值进行比较，以及基于第一阈值比较结果生成预警信号；
    步骤3，将所述电信号的电力工频基波的幅值与第二阈值进行比较，以及基于第二阈值比较结果和保护时间门限生成控制信号；
    步骤4，基于所述预警信号和所述控制信号执行所述临界电弧光环境下所述开关柜的保护。
  2. 根据权利要求1中所述的一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法，其特征在于：
    所述步骤2中，比较第一阈值U1和电力工频基波信号Uac的最大幅值，当所述电力工频基波信号Uac的最大幅值大于等于所述第一阈值U1时，生成预警信号。
  3. 根据权利要求2中所述的一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法，其特征在于：
    所述第一阈值U1基于所述电信号的最大幅值生成；
    当所述电信号的最大幅值为Ut时，所述第一阈值为Ralert*Ut；
    其中，Ralert为预先设定的预警常量。
  4. 根据权利要求1中所述的一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法，其特征在于：
    所述步骤3中，比较第二阈值Um和电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值，当所述电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值大于等于所述第二阈值Um时，生成控制信号。
  5. 根据权利要求4中所述的一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法，其特征在于：
    所述步骤3中，所述控制信号的生成方式为：
    当所述电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值大于等于所述第二阈值Um时，输出第二阈值比较信号为高电平；
    当所述电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值小于所述第二阈值Um时，输出第二阈值比较信号为低电平；
    当所述第二阈值比较信号的占空比大于门限占比Rp时，生成控制信号。
  6. 根据权利要求4中所述的一种临界电弧光锁相判断方法，其特征在于：
    若当前时刻，所述第二阈值比较信号的占空比小于门限占比Rp时，延迟时间Δt后对所述第二阈值比较信号的占空比与所述门限占比Rp进行再次比较，直到所述第二阈值比较信号的占空比大于门限占比Rp时，生成控制信号。
  7. 一种临界电弧光锁相判断装置，其特征在于：
    所述装置包括采集模块、第一比较模块、第二比较模块和控制模块；其中，
    所述采集模块，用于实时监测并采集开关柜内部的电弧光辐照强度，并将采集获得的光辐照强度转换为电信号；
    所述第一比较模块，用于提取所述电信号的电力工频基波，并将所述电信号的幅值与第一阈值进行比较，以及基于第一阈值比较结果生成预警信号；
    所述第二比较模块，用于将所述电信号的电力工频基波的幅值与第二阈值进行比较，以及基于第二阈值比较结果和保护时间门限生成控制信号；
    所述控制模块，用于基于所述预警信号和所述控制信号执行所述临界电弧光环境下所述开关柜的保护。
  8. 根据权利要求7中所述的一种临界电弧光锁相判断装置，其特征在于：
    所述采集模块包括紫外光探头和电流电压转换器；其中，
    所述紫外光探头为紫外雪崩光电二极管，设置于所述开关柜内，用于采集所述开关柜内的光辐射强度，其输出端与所述电流电压转换器的输入端连接；
    所述电流电压转换器，将所述紫外光探头采集的所述光辐射强度电流信号转换为电压信号，其输出端与所述第一比较模块连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8中所述的一种临界电弧光锁相判断装置，其特征在于：
    所述第一比较模块包括锁相放大器和预警单元；其中，
    所述锁相放大器，输入端与所述电流电压转换器的第一输出端连接，输出端与预警单元连接，用于从所述电信号中提取电力工频基波信号Uac并将其输入至所述预警单元中；
    所述预警单元，输入端与所述电流电压转换器的第一输出端连接，输出端与外部上位机系统连接，用于比较第一阈值U1和电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值并向所述上位机系统中发送预警信号。
  10. 根据权利要求9中所述的一种临界电弧光锁相判断装置，其特征在于：
    所述第一比较模块中还包括第一电平控制单元；
    所述第一电平控制单元用于获取电力工频，并基于所述电力工频生成所述锁相放大器的采样频率。
  11. 根据权利要求10中所述的一种临界电弧光锁相判断装置，其特征在于：
    所述锁相放大器的采样频率区间为50Hz至60Hz。
  12. 根据权利要求9中所述的一种临界电弧光锁相判断装置，其特征在于：
    所述第二比较模块包括迟滞比较器和判断单元；其中，
    所述迟滞比较器，输入端与所述锁相放大器的输出端连接，输出端与所述判断单元连接，用于比较第二阈值Um和电力工频基波信号Uac的幅值，并将第二阈值比较信号发送至所述判断单元；
    所述判断单元，输入端与所述迟滞比较器的输出端连接，输出端与外部继电保护单元连接，用于判断第二阈值比较信号的占空比并生成和发送控制信号至外部继电保护单元。
  13. 根据权利要求12中所述的一种临界电弧光锁相判断装置，其特征在于：
    所述第二比较模块还包括第二电平控制单元；其中，
    所述第二电平控制单元用于对所述迟滞比较器的第二阈值Um的取值进行控制。
  14. 根据权利要求13中所述的一种临界电弧光锁相判断装置，其特征在于：
    所述第二电平控制单元，基于外部编码器的控制，实现所述第二阈值电压Um的生成，并通过所述第二阈值电压Um对所述迟滞比较器进行控制；
    所述外部编码器，与所述外部继电保护单元连接，用于基于外部继电保护单元发出的指令实现所述第二阈值电压Um参考电平的编码。
  15. 根据权利要求14中所述的一种临界电弧光锁相判断装置，其特征在于：
    所述装置包括多路通道，其中，每路通道用于对一个电弧光辐照强度进行采集，并基于该电弧光辐照强度生成一个预警信号和一个控制信号；
    所述装置为每路信号提供一个输入端口和一个预警信号输出端口、一个控制信号输出端口。
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