WO2023050087A1 - 电磁能量聚焦器、平面波发生器及无线充电发射器 - Google Patents

电磁能量聚焦器、平面波发生器及无线充电发射器 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023050087A1
WO2023050087A1 PCT/CN2021/121422 CN2021121422W WO2023050087A1 WO 2023050087 A1 WO2023050087 A1 WO 2023050087A1 CN 2021121422 W CN2021121422 W CN 2021121422W WO 2023050087 A1 WO2023050087 A1 WO 2023050087A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
diode
branch
electrically connected
antenna body
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/121422
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
祁嘉然
李文志
王启明
张慧颖
马霖
杨亮
姜伟鹏
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
哈尔滨工业大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司, 哈尔滨工业大学 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN202180102819.7A priority Critical patent/CN118285020A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/121422 priority patent/WO2023050087A1/zh
Publication of WO2023050087A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023050087A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of wireless charging, in particular to an electromagnetic energy focuser, a plane wave generator and a wireless charging transmitter.
  • Wireless power transfer (wireless power transfer, WPT) is a wireless energy transmission technology from the transmission source to the wireless charging receiver without using transmission lines.
  • the WPT includes near-field WPT and far-field WPT.
  • the wireless charging system includes a wireless charging transmitter and a wireless charging receiver.
  • the near-field WPT resonates in the wireless charging transmitter through the transmitting coil in the wireless charging transmitter and the receiving coil in the wireless charging receiver with their respective matching networks.
  • the transmitting coil and the receiving coil realize the effective transmission of energy through the coupling of the non-radiative electromagnetic field.
  • the near-field WPT is very sensitive to the relative position of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil. If the center positions of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil are not aligned, it will often cause impedance mismatch and frequency shift of the entire wireless charging system, thus making charging The efficiency is reduced, which limits the application of near-field WPT.
  • far-field WPT transmits energy through electromagnetic waves that can radiate outward.
  • Far-field WPT technology can regulate the electromagnetic waves emitted by wireless charging transmitters according to requirements, so as to transmit electromagnetic energy to a specific direction or focus on it. A specific location to charge the wireless charging receiver.
  • the wireless charging transmitter includes a microstrip array 100.
  • the microstrip antenna 1001 includes a fixed phase delay line, through which the phase shift of each microstrip antenna 1001 is realized to obtain a focused beam, which makes the microstrip array 100 have a focusing function.
  • practical applications are hampered by the fact that existing wireless charging transmitters can only transmit focused beams to specific locations or directions.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an electromagnetic energy focuser, a plane wave generator and a wireless charging transmitter, which can solve the problem that existing wireless charging transmitters can only transmit focused beams to specific positions or directions.
  • an electromagnetic energy focuser which includes a plurality of radiation units; the radiation unit includes a first antenna, a second antenna, a phase delay line, a first diode, and a second diode , the third diode and the fourth diode.
  • the first antenna includes a first antenna body and a first branch; the second antenna is stacked with the first antenna, and the second antenna includes a second antenna body, a second branch and a third branch; the phase delay lines are respectively It is electrically connected with the third branch and the second antenna body; the first diode is arranged between the first antenna body and the first branch, and the first pole of the first diode is electrically connected with the first antenna body; The second pole of a diode is electrically connected to the first branch; the second diode is arranged between the first antenna body and the first branch, and the first pole of the second diode is far away from the first branch.
  • the third diode is arranged between the second antenna body and the second branch; the first pole of the third diode is electrically connected to the second antenna body, and the second pole of the third diode is electrically connected to the second branch connect.
  • the fourth diode is arranged between the second branch and the third branch; the first pole of the fourth diode is electrically connected with the end of the second branch away from the third diode, and the second pole of the fourth diode pole is electrically connected with the third branch, and the second pole of the third diode and the first pole of the fourth diode are respectively electrically connected with the two ends of the second branch.
  • the radiating unit includes not only the first diode, the second diode, the third diode and the fourth diode, but also a phase delay line, and the phase delay line can make the radiating unit radiate
  • the phase of the electromagnetic wave increases, so by controlling the conduction and cut-off of the first diode, the second diode, the third diode and the fourth diode, the electromagnetic wave radiated by the radiation unit can have four phases, For example, they are 0°, 90°, 180° or 270° respectively.
  • the radiation unit when the radiation unit is applied to the electromagnetic energy focuser, by controlling the phases of the multiple radiation units, the metasurface formed by the multiple radiation units can form different The phase gradient, and different phase gradients correspond to different electromagnetic beam focusing positions, so the electromagnetic energy focuser can focus the electromagnetic waves to different positions, so that the electromagnetic energy focuser can realize the variable focus function.
  • the radiating unit is a transmissive radiating unit, that is, the electromagnetic energy focuser provided by this application is a transmissive type electromagnetic energy focuser.
  • the wireless charging transmitter provided by the application can realize the dynamic focusing of the electromagnetic beam On the basis of low economic cost.
  • the electromagnetic energy focuser provided by this application directly focuses the electromagnetic waves radiated from the plane wave generator, compared to the wireless charging emission provided by the related art, it uses the active metasurface to reflect and focus, so the electromagnetic energy focuser is used in When using a wireless charging transmitter, the wireless charging transmitter provided by the present application can not only reduce the size of the wireless charging transmitter, but also avoid the shielding of the feed antenna and improve energy utilization efficiency.
  • the radiating unit further includes a first floor arranged between the first antenna and the second antenna; the orthographic projections of the first antenna and the second antenna on the plane where the first floor is Floors have overlapping areas.
  • a first floor is provided between the first antenna and the second antenna, and the first floor can separate the first antenna from the second antenna, so as to avoid mutual influence between the first antenna and the second antenna.
  • the orthographic projection of the first antenna on the first floor and the orthographic projection of the second antenna on the first floor have overlapping areas.
  • one of the first antenna and the second antenna is used as a receiving antenna and the other is used as a transmitting antenna
  • the orthographic projection of the first antenna on the first floor and the orthographic projection of the second antenna on the first floor When there is an overlapping area, the efficiency of the receiving antenna receiving the electromagnetic waves emitted by the transmitting antenna is higher.
  • the first branch and the second branch are electrically connected. Since the first pole and the second pole of the first diode and the second diode are electrically connected to the first antenna body and the first branch respectively, the first pole and the first pole of the third diode and the fourth diode The second pole is electrically connected to the second branch and the second antenna body respectively. If the first branch and the second branch are electrically connected, then the first antenna body, the first branch and the second antenna can be supplied through three voltage terminals.
  • the stub and the second antenna body provide voltage, so that the on and off of the first diode, the second diode, the third diode and the fourth diode can be controlled, relative to the first stub and the second When the branches are not electrically connected, one voltage terminal can be reduced.
  • both the first diode and the second diode are turned on when the current flows from the first pole to the second pole, and are turned off when the current flows from the second pole to the first pole.
  • the first diode and the second diode are not turned on and off at the same time, that is, the first diode is turned on, and the second diode is turned off; or, the first diode is turned off, and the second diode is turned off.
  • the tube conducts. This can ensure that the radiation unit can work normally, that is, one of the first antenna and the second antenna can receive electromagnetic waves, and the other can emit electromagnetic waves.
  • both the third diode and the fourth diode are turned on when the current flows from the first pole to the second pole, and are turned off when the current flows from the second pole to the first pole.
  • the third diode and the fourth diode are not turned on and off at the same time, that is, the third diode is turned on, and the fourth diode is turned off; or, the third diode is turned off, and the fourth diode is turned off.
  • the tube conducts. This can ensure that the radiation unit can work normally, that is, one of the first antenna and the second antenna can receive electromagnetic waves, and the other can emit electromagnetic waves.
  • the phase delay line is arranged between the first antenna and the second antenna. If the phase delay line is set on the side of the second antenna away from the first antenna, since a dielectric layer needs to be set between the phase delay line and the second antenna, when the second antenna is used as a transmitting antenna, the dielectric layer will Affects the electromagnetic wave radiated by the transmitting antenna, so the phase delay line is set between the first antenna and the second antenna, so that the first antenna and the second antenna are located at the outermost side of the radiation unit, thus avoiding the dielectric layer covering the first antenna and the second antenna, thereby preventing the dielectric layer from affecting the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first antenna or the second antenna.
  • the shape of the second antenna body is ring-shaped, such as a ring shape, and the second branch and the third branch are disposed in the second antenna body.
  • the shape of the second antenna body is ring-shaped, it can ensure that the second antenna body can radiate electromagnetic waves in all directions around it.
  • the phase delay line includes intersecting first metal strips and second metal strips; wherein, the first metal strips extend along the direction in which the second branches and the third branches are arranged; the first metal strips One end of the first metal strip is electrically connected to the third branch, and the other end of the first metal strip is electrically connected to the second antenna body.
  • the first metal strip is used to realize the electrical connection between the third branch and the second antenna body, and the second metal strip distributes the metal in the radiation unit as evenly as possible along the extending direction of the second metal strip, and makes the When the first metal strip is short, the desired phase delay, such as a 90° phase delay, can also be obtained.
  • the uniform distribution of metal in the radiating unit is beneficial to the uniform distribution of the overall capacitance and inductance of the radiating unit, thereby ensuring that the radiating unit has the same ability to radiate electromagnetic waves in all directions.
  • the first metal strip and the second metal strip are perpendicular to each other, that is, the phase delay line is cross-shaped.
  • the first metal strip and the second metal strip are perpendicular to each other so that the metal in the radiation unit is distributed as uniformly as possible.
  • the uniform distribution of metal in the radiating unit is beneficial to the uniform distribution of the overall capacitance and inductance of the radiating unit, thereby ensuring that the radiating unit has the same ability to radiate electromagnetic waves in all directions.
  • the shape of the second antenna body is circular; the ring width of the second antenna body away from the phase delay line is greater than the ring width of the second antenna body close to the phase delay line.
  • the metal distribution density of the second antenna body close to the phase delay line will increase, when the ring width of the second antenna body away from the phase delay line is larger than the position of the second antenna body close to the phase delay line.
  • the metal in the radiating element can be distributed as evenly as possible.
  • the uniform distribution of metal in the radiating unit is beneficial to the uniform distribution of the overall capacitance and inductance of the radiating unit, thereby ensuring that the radiating unit has the same ability to radiate electromagnetic waves in all directions.
  • the shape of the first antenna body is ring-shaped, such as a ring shape, and the first branch is disposed in the first antenna body.
  • the shape of the first antenna body is a ring, it can ensure that the first antenna body can radiate electromagnetic waves in all directions around it.
  • the radiating unit further includes a first circuit, and the first circuit includes a first wire and a first AC isolation structure; the first wire is electrically connected to the first antenna body; the first AC isolation structure is connected to the first The antenna body is electrically connected, and the orthographic projection of the first AC isolation structure on the plane where the first antenna body is located has an overlapping area with the first antenna body.
  • the first wire is used to provide voltage for the first antenna body.
  • the orthographic projection of the first AC isolating structure on the plane where the first antenna body is located has an overlapping area with the first antenna body, a capacitance will be formed between the first AC isolating structure and the first antenna body.
  • the AC signal generated on a wire flows to the first AC isolation structure
  • the AC signal can be coupled to the first antenna body through the capacitance formed by the first AC isolation structure and the first antenna body, thus avoiding the AC signal generated on the first wire.
  • the influence on the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first antenna body can further avoid the influence on the electromagnetic wave radiated by the radiation unit.
  • the first antenna has a first symmetry axis; the first symmetry axis is parallel to the arrangement direction of the first diode and the first branch; the first AC isolation structure includes at least one first patch Groups; each first tile group includes two first tiles arranged symmetrically with respect to the first symmetry axis. Since the first antenna is symmetrical about the first axis of symmetry, and the first patch group is symmetrical about the first axis of symmetry, the first AC isolation structure can match the first antenna, and better prevent the AC signal generated on the first wire from affecting the first The influence of electromagnetic waves radiated from the antenna body.
  • the shape of the first antenna body is circular, and the first branch is arranged in the first antenna body; the shape of the first patch is crescent-shaped; the concave surface of the crescent shape is closer to the convex surface. first axis of symmetry.
  • the shape of the first antenna body is circular, if the shape of the first patch is crescent-shaped, the function of the first AC isolation structure to isolate the AC signal on the first wire is more obvious.
  • the first circuit further includes a first DC feeder electrically connected to the first wire; the first wire and the first DC feeder are located on the same layer.
  • the first DC feeder can be electrically connected to the control circuit for providing voltage to the first wire.
  • the thickness of the radiation unit can be reduced.
  • the first circuit further includes a first DC feeder electrically connected to the first wire; the first wire and the first DC feeder are located on different layers.
  • the pattern formed by the first wires is symmetrical about the first axis of symmetry. This ensures uniform metal distribution in the radiating unit.
  • the radiation unit further includes a first floor and a second floor arranged between the first antenna and the second antenna; orthographic projections of the first antenna and the second antenna on the plane where the first floor is located Both have an overlapping area with the first floor, and the orthographic projections of the first antenna and the second antenna on the plane where the second floor is located both have an overlapping area with the second floor; the first DC feeder is located between the first floor and the second floor . Since the first DC feeder is located between the first floor and the second floor, the first floor and the second floor will prevent the first DC feeder from affecting the phase and amplitude of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first antenna and the second antenna, Thus, the performance of the radiation unit is guaranteed.
  • the radiating unit further includes a second circuit, and the second circuit includes a second wire, a third wire, and a second isolated AC structure; the second wire is electrically connected to the second antenna body; the third wire is connected to the The second branch is electrically connected; the second isolated AC structure is electrically connected to the second antenna body, and the orthographic projection of the second isolated AC structure on the plane where the second antenna body is located has an overlapping area with the second antenna body.
  • the second wire is used to provide voltage to the second antenna body
  • the third wire is used to provide voltage to the second branch.
  • the orthographic projection of the second AC isolating structure on the plane where the second antenna body is located has an overlapping area with the second antenna body, a capacitance will be formed between the second AC isolating structure and the second antenna body.
  • the AC signal can be coupled to the second antenna body through the capacitance formed by the second isolated AC structure and the second antenna body, thus avoiding the second wire and the second antenna body.
  • the influence of the AC signal generated on the third wire on the electromagnetic wave radiated by the second antenna body can avoid the influence on the electromagnetic wave radiated by the radiation unit.
  • the second antenna has a second axis of symmetry, and the second axis of symmetry is parallel to the arrangement direction of the second branch and the third branch;
  • the second AC isolation structure includes at least one second patch group;
  • Each second patch group includes two second patches arranged symmetrically about the second axis of symmetry. Since the second antenna is symmetrical about the second axis of symmetry, and the second patch group is symmetrical about the second axis of symmetry, the second AC isolation structure can match the second antenna, better avoiding the AC generated on the second wire and the third wire The effect of the signal on the electromagnetic waves radiated by the second antenna body.
  • the shape of the second antenna body is circular, and the second branch and the third branch are arranged in the second antenna body; the shape of the second patch is fan-shaped; the corners of the fan are opposite to each other.
  • the arc is close to the second axis of symmetry.
  • the second circuit further includes a second DC feeder electrically connected to the second wire; the second wire is located on the same layer as the second DC feeder.
  • the second direct current feeder can be electrically connected to the control circuit for providing voltage to the second wire.
  • the thickness of the radiation unit can be reduced.
  • the second circuit further includes a second DC feeder electrically connected to the second wire; the second wire and the second DC feeder are located on different layers.
  • the radiation unit further includes a first floor and a second floor arranged between the first antenna and the second antenna; orthographic projections of the first antenna and the second antenna on the plane where the first floor is located Both have an overlapping area with the first floor, and the orthographic projections of the first antenna and the second antenna on the plane where the second floor is located both have an overlapping area with the second floor; the second DC feeder is located between the first floor and the second floor.
  • the first floor and the second floor can isolate the second DC feeder, preventing the second DC feeder from affecting the phase and amplitude of electromagnetic waves radiated by the first antenna and the second antenna.
  • the pattern formed by the second wire is symmetrical about the second axis of symmetry; and/or, the pattern formed by the third wire is symmetrical about the second axis of symmetry. This ensures uniform metal distribution in the radiating unit.
  • the electromagnetic energy focuser includes a first circuit and a second circuit; the first circuit includes a first wire electrically connected to the first antenna body; the second circuit includes a wire electrically connected to the first antenna body The second wire and the third wire electrically connected to the second branch; the electromagnetic energy focuser also includes a control circuit; the control circuit includes a plurality of shift registers, a voltage stabilizing module and a second processor; a plurality of shift registers and a voltage stabilizing The modules are all electrically connected to the second processor; the second processor is used to control the shift register to output the first voltage or the second voltage, and is used to control the voltage stabilizing module to output the third voltage; the third voltage is greater than the first voltage and less than The second voltage; wherein, the first wire and the second wire are respectively electrically connected to a shift register, and the third wire is electrically connected to the voltage stabilizing module.
  • the on and off of the first diode, the second diode, the third diode and the fourth diode can be controlled by the control circuit.
  • the control circuit provided by the present application is not only convenient for debugging, but also more simplified and occupies a smaller space.
  • a plane wave generator in a second aspect, includes a partial reflector, a total reflector, and 2n feed antennas; the partial reflector and the total reflector form a resonant cavity, and the feed antenna is located in the resonant cavity;
  • the feed antenna can be set on a partial reflector or a total reflector; the feed antenna is used to provide excitation; the total reflector is used to provide electromagnetic waves with a first reflection phase to the resonant cavity; the partial reflector is used to provide the resonant cavity with Provide an electromagnetic wave with a second reflection phase, and radiate the electromagnetic wave in the resonant cavity to the outside of the resonant cavity; the range of the sum of the first reflection phase and the second reflection phase is (0°, 180°]; wherein, n ⁇ 2, n is a positive integer.
  • the plane wave generator includes 2n feed antennas, n ⁇ 2, n is a positive integer, so enough excitation is obtained in the resonant cavity, the energy generated by the 2n feed antennas is reflected multiple times on the partial reflector and the total reflector , so that the electromagnetic waves radiated by the 2n feed antennas slowly leak out of the cavity, so that the electromagnetic waves radiated by the resonant cavity can be guaranteed to be uniform, making it close enough to a plane wave.
  • the present application provides The plane wave generator can emit plane waves and has a small thickness, that is to say, the plane wave generator provided by this application is a compact plane wave generator.
  • the partial reflection plate includes a first patch layer, a first dielectric layer, and a second patch layer that are stacked; the first patch layer includes a plurality of hollow areas; the second patch layer includes A plurality of second patch units one-to-one corresponding to the hollow area; the orthographic projection of the second patch unit on the first patch layer and the corresponding hollow area in the first patch layer have an overlapping area; the hollow area and The shapes of the second patch units are all rectangles.
  • the reflection phase and the reflection coefficient modulus of the electromagnetic wave reflected by the partial reflector can change the reflection phase and the reflection coefficient modulus of the electromagnetic wave reflected by the partial reflector, which can make the reflection coefficient of the partial reflector large enough, that is, the partial reflector has a strong The reflection ability, and the reflection phase can be close to 180°.
  • the shape of the hollow area of the first patch layer and the shape of the second patch unit are both rectangular, the difficulty of manufacturing a part of the reflective plate can be reduced.
  • the shape of the hollow area of the first patch layer is the same as that of the second patch unit. In this case, the manufacturing difficulty of the partial reflector can be reduced.
  • the first reflection phase is 0°, and the second reflection phase is 180°; or, the first reflection phase is 180°, and the second reflection phase is 0°.
  • the design difficulty of the plane wave generator can be reduced; on the other hand, the thickness of the plane wave generator can be ensured to be small.
  • the total reflection plate includes an artificial magnetic conductor layer, a fourth dielectric layer, and a third floor that are stacked; the artificial magnetic conductor layer includes a plurality of artificial magnetic conductor units distributed in an array.
  • the size of the first reflection phase can be adjusted, for example, the first reflection phase can be adjusted.
  • the phase is 0°.
  • the plane wave generator includes four feed antennas, and the plane wave generator may also include a fifth medium layer and a power dividing network arranged on the third floor away from the fourth medium layer; the power dividing network Including the first power divider, the second power divider and the third power divider, the first power divider, the second power divider and the third power divider all include the first distribution port, the second distribution port and the synthesis port ;
  • the first distribution port of the first power splitter is electrically connected to the composite port of the second power splitter, and the second distribution port of the first power splitter is electrically connected to the composite port of the third power splitter; the second power splitter
  • the first distribution port and the second distribution port of the third power divider are respectively electrically connected to the four feed antennas in one-to-one correspondence; the combination port of the first power divider is electrically connected to the feed port. Since the four feed antennas are powered by a power dividing network, that is, the four feed antennas are electrically connected to the same feed port, so the radiation
  • a wireless charging transmitter in the third aspect, includes a plane wave generator and an electromagnetic energy focuser; the plane wave generator is used to generate a plane electromagnetic wave, and radiate the plane electromagnetic wave to the electromagnetic energy focuser; the electromagnetic energy focuser is used To regulate the plane electromagnetic wave, so as to focus the plane electromagnetic wave to a specific position or transmit it to a specific direction; wherein, the electromagnetic energy focuser is the electromagnetic energy focuser provided in the first aspect; and/or, the plane wave generator is the second aspects of the plane wave generator provided.
  • the wireless charging transmitter has the same technical effect as the electromagnetic energy focuser provided by the above-mentioned first aspect and the plane wave generator provided by the above-mentioned second aspect, reference can be made to the description of the above-mentioned first aspect and the second aspect, and will not be repeated here repeat.
  • a control method of a wireless charging transmitter includes: firstly, acquiring a target position, the target position is used to indicate the position of the wireless charging receiver; next, according to the target position, controlling the wireless charging transmitter to Electromagnetic waves are transmitted to the target location. Since the control method of the wireless charging transmitter has the same technical effect as the electromagnetic energy focuser provided by the above first aspect and the plane wave generator provided by the above second aspect, reference can be made to the description of the above first and second aspects, here I won't repeat them here.
  • controlling the wireless charging transmitter to transmit electromagnetic waves to the target position according to the target position includes: controlling the plane wave generator to generate plane electromagnetic waves according to the target position, and controlling each of the electromagnetic energy focusers to The radiating elements are phased such that the wireless charging transmitter transmits electromagnetic waves to the target location.
  • Different phase gradients can be obtained by controlling the phase of each radiation unit in the multiple radiation units in the electromagnetic energy focuser, and different phase gradients correspond to different electromagnetic wave focusing positions, so multiple radiation units are controlled according to the acquired target position The phase of each radiating unit, so that the electromagnetic wave can be transmitted to the target position, that is, to the position where the wireless charging receiver to be charged is located.
  • a control device which includes a first processor and a memory; program codes are stored in the memory, and when the program codes are executed by the first processor, the control method provided in the fourth aspect above is implemented. Since the control device has the same technical effect as the electromagnetic energy focuser provided by the first aspect and the plane wave generator provided by the second aspect above, reference can be made to the descriptions of the first aspect and the second aspect above, and details will not be repeated here.
  • a wireless charging system in a sixth aspect, includes a wireless charging transmitter and at least one wireless charging receiver; the wireless charging transmitter is used to generate electromagnetic waves to charge the wireless charging receiver; the wireless charging receiver includes an electromagnetic receiver unit and a battery electrically connected to the electromagnetic receiving unit, the electromagnetic receiving unit is used to receive the electromagnetic wave emitted by the wireless charging transmitter, and convert the electromagnetic wave into an electrical signal, and the battery receives the electrical signal; wherein, the wireless charging transmitter is the above-mentioned third The wireless charging transmitter provided by the aspect. Reference may be made to the above-mentioned description of related technical effects in the third aspect, which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a near-field WPT provided by the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a far-field WPT provided by the prior art
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless charging system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless charging receiver provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless charging transmitter provided by the related art
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless charging transmitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7a is a schematic structural diagram of a total reflection plate provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7b is a schematic structural diagram of an artificial magnetic conductor layer and a feed antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a power division network provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9a is an electric field distribution diagram along the xoz plane with an electromagnetic wave frequency of 5.8 GHz provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 9b is an electric field distribution diagram along the yoz plane of an electromagnetic wave frequency of 5.8 GHz provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 10 is an energy reflection parameter diagram of a Fabry-Perot resonator at different electromagnetic wave frequencies when four feed antennas are used according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 11a is a curve diagram of the relationship between the modulus value of the reflection coefficient and the electromagnetic wave frequency under different side lengths of the artificial magnetic conductor unit provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 11b is a graph of the relationship between reflection phase and electromagnetic wave frequency under different side lengths L of the artificial magnetic conductor unit provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 12a is a schematic structural diagram of a partial reflection plate provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12b is a schematic structural diagram of a first patch layer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12c is a schematic structural diagram of a second patch layer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 13a is a curve diagram of the amplitude-frequency characteristic corresponding to a partial reflector provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 13b is a phase-frequency characteristic curve diagram corresponding to a partial reflector provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic energy focuser provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 16a is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit viewed from one side of the first antenna of the radiation unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 16b is a schematic diagram of the structure after removing the dielectric layer in Fig. 16a;
  • Fig. 17a is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit viewed from one side of the second antenna of the radiation unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 17b is a schematic diagram of the structure after removing the dielectric layer in Fig. 17a;
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a first antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a second antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase delay line provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 21a is a schematic structural diagram of a first floor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 21b is a schematic structural diagram of a second floor provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a first circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of a second circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 24a is a graph of amplitude curves corresponding to different numbers of DC feeders with a phase of electromagnetic waves radiated from a radiation unit of 270° provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 24b is a phase curve diagram corresponding to different numbers of DC feeders with a phase of electromagnetic waves radiated from the radiation unit of 270° provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 25a is a graph of amplitude-frequency characteristics of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 25b is a phase-frequency characteristic curve diagram of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 26 is an electric field focusing characteristic diagram of an operating frequency near 5.8 GHz in the center of a metasurface composed of multiple radiating elements on the XOZ plane provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 27 is a characteristic diagram of the electric field focusing at the center of the metasurface composed of a plurality of radiating elements at the focal plane provided by the embodiment of the present application with an operating frequency near 5.8 GHz;
  • Fig. 28a is a 3dB focusing efficiency curve diagram of a metasurface composed of a plurality of radiating elements according to an embodiment of the present application as a function of frequency;
  • Fig. 28b is a graph of the focusing efficiency of the Airy disk as a function of frequency of a metasurface composed of a plurality of radiation units provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic structural diagram of a control circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 30 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 31a is a graph of amplitude-frequency characteristics of a radiation unit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 31b is a graph of phase-frequency characteristics of a radiation unit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 32 is a schematic structural diagram of a second antenna provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 33 is a schematic structural diagram of a second antenna provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 34 is a schematic structural diagram of a second antenna provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 35 is a schematic structural diagram of a first antenna provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 36 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of a wireless charging transmitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • first”, second, etc. are used for convenience of description only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features.
  • a feature defined as “first”, “second”, etc. may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
  • plural means two or more.
  • Coupled may be a direct coupling or an indirect coupling through an intermediary.
  • words such as “exemplary” or “for example” are used as examples, illustrations or illustrations. Any embodiment or design solution described as “exemplary” or “for example” in the embodiments of the present application shall not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or design solutions. Rather, the use of words such as “exemplary” or “such as” is intended to present related concepts in a concrete manner.
  • the wireless charging system 1 includes a wireless charging transmitter 10 and at least one wireless charging receiver 20; 20 to charge.
  • the wireless charging receiver 20 can be, for example, a mobile phone, a bluetooth speaker, a notebook computer, a personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA), a tablet computer (pad), a smart wearable product (for example, a smart watch, a smart wristband), vehicle-mounted equipment and other different types of user equipment or terminal equipment.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • PDA tablet computer
  • smart wearable product for example, a smart watch, a smart wristband
  • vehicle-mounted equipment for example, a smart watch, a smart wristband
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the specific form of the wireless charging receiver.
  • the wireless charging system 1 may include one wireless charging receiver 20 , or may include two or more wireless charging receivers 20 .
  • the wireless charging transmitter 10 can charge multiple wireless charging receivers 20 at the same time, and can also charge one of the multiple wireless charging receivers 20 .
  • the wireless charging system can use WPT technology to realize energy transmission.
  • WPT includes near-field WPT and far-field WPT. Since near-field WPT is not conducive to the miniaturization and integration of wireless charging transmitters and wireless charging receivers, and using near-field WPT to achieve During energy transmission, if the center positions of the transmitting coil of the wireless charging transmitter and the receiving coil of the wireless charging receiver are not aligned, it will often cause impedance mismatch and frequency shift of the entire wireless charging system, thereby reducing charging efficiency. Based on this, the wireless charging system provided by this application adopts far-field WPT to realize energy transmission.
  • far-field WPT can transmit energy through electromagnetic waves. Unlike near-field WPT, far-field WPT technology can adjust the electromagnetic wave emission source according to requirements, so as to transmit electromagnetic energy to a specific direction or focus on a specific position. , to charge the wireless charging receiver 20 .
  • the above-mentioned wireless charging transmitter 10 is used to generate electromagnetic waves to charge the wireless charging receiver 20 .
  • the above-mentioned wireless charging receiver 20 includes an electromagnetic receiving unit 201 and a battery 202 electrically connected to the electromagnetic receiving unit 201.
  • the electromagnetic receiving unit 201 is used to receive the electromagnetic wave sent by the wireless charging transmitter 10 and convert the electromagnetic wave into
  • the battery 202 receives the electrical signal to provide power to the wireless charging receiver 20 .
  • the electromagnetic receiving unit 201 may include a receiving antenna 2011 and a rectifying circuit 2012 electrically connected to the receiving antenna 2011, the receiving antenna 2011 is used for receiving electromagnetic waves, and the rectifying circuit 2012 is used for converting the electromagnetic waves received by the receiving antenna 2011 into electrical signals.
  • the wireless charging system 1 further includes a control device 30, the control device 30 includes a first processor 301 and a memory 302, and the memory 302 stores program codes, which are programmed by the first When the processor 301 is executed, the first processor 301 is used to obtain the target position, which is used to indicate the position of the wireless charging receiver 20, and according to the target position, control the wireless charging transmitter 10 to transmit electromagnetic waves to the target position.
  • control device 30 can be integrated on the wireless charging transmitter 10 , or can be independent from the wireless charging transmitter 10 .
  • the above wireless charging transmitter 10 should have an electromagnetic wave focusing function, that is, In other words, the wireless charging transmitter 10 can focus the generated electromagnetic waves to a specific location.
  • the electromagnetic wave generated by the wireless charging transmitter 10 should be able to focus to different locations, that is to say, the wireless charging transmitter 10 should have a dynamic focusing function, That is, it has the ability to adjust the electromagnetic beam in real time.
  • the related technology provides a wireless charging transmitter, which realizes far-field WPT through a microstrip array with a focusing function.
  • the wireless charging transmitter includes a microstrip array, and the microstrip array includes a plurality of microstrip antennas.
  • the strip antenna includes a phase delay line, and the phase shift of each microstrip antenna is realized through the phase delay line, so as to obtain a focused beam, which can make the microstrip array have a focusing function.
  • each microstrip antenna is provided with a variable phase shifter, which can realize beam dynamic focusing.
  • adding a variable phase shifter to each microstrip antenna will bring relatively high economic costs.
  • the wireless charging transmitter includes multiple feed antennas and active metasurfaces, the active metasurface includes multiple active superstructure units 200, the feed antennas are used to provide excitation sources, and multiple active metasurfaces
  • the source superstructure unit 200 is reflective, and the electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed antenna can be reflected and focused to different positions after being reflected by the active metastructure unit 200 on the active metastructure surface, thereby obtaining multiple focus positions, such as focusing Position 1, Focus Position 2, and Focus Position 3.
  • the plurality of active super-units 200 are reflective and the feed antennas occupy some reflection positions, the feed antennas block the propagation of electromagnetic energy reflected to the feed antenna locations.
  • the feed antenna is often several times the wavelength away from the active metasurface, which will result in a larger profile for the wireless charging transmitter, which is not conducive to integration and miniaturization.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a wireless charging transmitter, which can be applied to the above-mentioned wireless charging system 1 .
  • the wireless charging transmitter 10 includes a plane wave generator 40 and an electromagnetic energy focuser 50; wherein, the plane wave generator 40 is used to generate a plane electromagnetic wave, and radiate the plane electromagnetic wave to the electromagnetic energy focuser 50; the electromagnetic energy is focused
  • the device 50 is used to regulate the planar electromagnetic wave, so as to focus the planar electromagnetic wave to a specific position or transmit it to a specific direction.
  • the plane wave generator 40 and the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 are respectively described as examples below.
  • the above-mentioned plane wave generator 40 includes a total reflection plate 401 and a partial reflection plate 402; the partial reflection plate 402 and the total reflection plate 401 form a resonant cavity, which may also be called a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity.
  • the total reflection plate 401 is used to provide the electromagnetic wave with the first reflection phase to the resonant cavity; the partial reflection plate 402 is used to provide the electromagnetic wave with the second reflection phase to the resonant cavity, and the electromagnetic wave in the resonant cavity is sent to the resonant cavity external radiation.
  • the above-mentioned plane wave generator 40 further includes 2n feed antennas, where n ⁇ 2, and n is a positive integer. The feed antenna is located in the resonant cavity, and the feed antenna is used to provide excitation.
  • the feed antenna is located in the resonant cavity, and the feed antenna may be arranged on the total reflection plate 401 or the partial reflection plate 402 .
  • the partial reflection plate 402 is closer to the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 than the total reflection plate 401 .
  • the thickness of the plane wave generator 40 that is, the thickness h of the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity is a very important parameter.
  • the thickness h of the Fabry-Perot resonator can be expressed as:
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave
  • R ⁇ PRS is the second reflection phase provided by the partial reflection plate 402
  • the thickness of the plane wave generator 40 is smaller, that is, the thickness h of the Fabry-Perot resonator is smaller, the distance between the total reflection plate 401 and the partial reflection plate 402 is smaller, and the coupling between the two will also be increase, it is inconvenient to optimize and debug the performance of the plane wave generator 40 .
  • the range of the sum of the first reflection phase R ⁇ GP provided by the total reflection plate 401 and the second reflection phase R ⁇ PRS provided by the partial reflection plate 402 is (0°, 180°], that is, The sum of the first reflection phase R ⁇ GP provided by the total reflection plate 401 and the second reflection phase R ⁇ PRS provided by the partial reflection plate 402 is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 180°.
  • the first reflection phase R ⁇ GP is 0°
  • the first reflection phase R ⁇ GP is 180°
  • description will be made by taking the above-mentioned first reflection phase R ⁇ GP as 0° and the above-mentioned second reflection phase R ⁇ PRS as 180° as an example.
  • the above-mentioned total reflection plate 401 includes a stacked artificial magnetic conductor layer 4011, a fourth dielectric layer 4012 and a third floor 4013; as shown in Figure 7b, the artificial magnetic conductor layer 4011 includes a plurality of artificial Magnetic conductor unit 4011b.
  • the above-mentioned feed antenna 4011a can be arranged on the side of the fourth dielectric layer 4012 away from the third floor 4013.
  • a plurality of artificial magnetic conductor units 4011b can be distributed around 2n feed antennas 4011a.
  • the plane wave generator 40 also includes a feed port 4014 ; the feed antenna 4011 a is electrically connected to the feed port 4014 .
  • floor refers to a board for grounding, or a board for applying a fixed voltage.
  • the artificial magnetic conductor layer 4011 is closer to the partial reflection plate 402 relative to the third floor 4013 .
  • the material of the third floor 4013 is metal
  • the material of the fourth dielectric layer 4012 is insulating material
  • the fourth dielectric layer 4012 is used to electrically isolate the artificial magnetic conductor layer 4011 and the third floor 4013 .
  • the aforementioned feed antenna 4011a may be, for example, a patch feed antenna.
  • the above-mentioned plane wave generator 40 includes 2n feed antennas 4011a, where n ⁇ 2, n is a positive integer, 2n feed antennas 4011a are used to provide excitation sources, so that the Fabry-Pert Sufficient excitation is obtained in the Luo resonator.
  • 2n feed antennas 4011a should be scattered in various positions in the resonator as much as possible, and the feed antennas 4011a should not be too close on the edge of the resonant cavity, so as to prevent too much energy radiated by the feed antenna 4011a from leaking out from the edge of the resonant cavity.
  • the above-mentioned plane wave generator 40 includes four feed antennas 4011a.
  • the four feed antennas 4011a can be arranged on the fourth dielectric layer in a 2*2 array.
  • the fifth medium layer 4015 is located between the third floor 4013 and the power distribution network 4016.
  • the fifth dielectric layer 4015 is used for electrically isolating the third floor 4013 and the power dividing network 4016, and feeds the above-mentioned 2n feed antennas 4011a through the power dividing network 4016.
  • the power dividing network 1024 may be, for example, a five-port network composed of three power dividers.
  • the power divider network 1024 includes a first power divider 1024a, a second power divider 1024b and a third power divider 1024c, and the first power divider 1024a, the second power divider 1024b and the third power divider 1024b
  • the three power splitters 1024c all include a first distribution port, a second distribution port and a composite port; the first distribution port of the first power splitter 1024a is electrically connected with the composite port of the second power splitter 1024b, and the first power splitter 1024a
  • the second distribution port of the second power splitter 1024c is electrically connected to the combination port of the third power divider 1024c; A corresponding electrical connection; the combined port of the first power divider 1024 a is electrically connected to the feeding port 4014 .
  • the first distribution port and the second distribution port of the second power divider 1024b and the third power divider 1024c are connected to each other through the via holes on the fifth dielectric layer 4015, the third floor 4013 and the fourth dielectric layer 4012.
  • the four feed antennas 4011a are electrically connected in one-to-one correspondence, and the first distribution port and the second distribution port of the second power divider 1024b and the third power divider 1024c, and the four feed antennas 4011a are all connected to the third floor 4013 Not electrically connected.
  • the radiation phases of the four feed antennas 4011a are the same.
  • Figure 9a provides the electric field distribution of the Fabry-Perot resonator along the xoz plane when the electromagnetic wave frequency is 5.8GHz
  • Figure 9b provides the electric field distribution of the Fabry-Perot resonator along the yoz plane when the electromagnetic wave frequency is 5.8GHz electric field distribution.
  • FIG. 10 provides the S11 (energy reflection) parameters of the Fabry-Perot resonator at different electromagnetic wave frequencies when four feed antennas 4011a are used.
  • the S11 parameter represents the ratio of the electromagnetic energy reflected back to the power feeding port to the electromagnetic energy provided by the power feeding port 4014 .
  • the S11 parameter is small, that is, when the electromagnetic wave frequency is 5.9 GHz, the electromagnetic energy reflected back to the electrical feed port is the least. There is less loss to the resonator itself, so more electromagnetic energy can be radiated from the resonator body.
  • the shape of the artificial magnetic conductor unit 4011b in the above-mentioned artificial magnetic conductor layer 4011 is not limited, and the shape of the artificial magnetic conductor unit 4011b can be, for example, a rectangle (such as a square, a rectangle), a circle, a triangle, other regular or irregular shape.
  • the total reflection plate 401 can reflect the electromagnetic waves in the resonant cavity into the resonant cavity with different first reflection phases.
  • the thickness of the fourth dielectric layer 4012 is 3.175mm, and the thickness of the fourth dielectric layer 4012
  • the relative permittivity is 2.2, and the artificial magnetic conductor unit 4011b is a square as an example.
  • the amplitude-frequency characteristic curves under different artificial magnetic conductor unit 4011b side length L are obtained through simulation, as shown in FIG. 11a, Under different side lengths L of the artificial magnetic conductor unit 4011b, the phase-frequency characteristic curve is shown in FIG. 11b.
  • the reflection phase of the artificial magnetic conductor changes with the change of L.
  • the total reflection plate 401 can provide the resonant cavity with an electromagnetic wave whose first reflection phase R ⁇ GP is 0.
  • the range of the sum of the first reflection phase R ⁇ GP provided by the total reflection plate 401 and the second reflection phase R ⁇ PRS provided by the partial reflection plate 402 is (0°, 180°], thus ensuring that the plane wave generator 40 The thickness is less.
  • the plane wave generator 40 includes 2n feed antennas 4011a, n ⁇ 2, n is a positive integer, thus obtaining sufficient excitation in the resonant cavity, the energy generated by the 2n feed antennas 4011a is partially reflected
  • the plate 402 and the total reflection plate 401 perform multiple reflections, so that the electromagnetic waves radiated by the 2n feed antennas 4011a slowly leak out of the cavity, so that the electromagnetic waves radiated by the resonant cavity can be guaranteed to be uniform, so that It is close enough to a plane wave.
  • the plane wave generator 40 provided in the embodiment of the present application can emit a plane wave.
  • the thickness is small, that is to say, the plane wave generator 40 provided in the embodiment of the present
  • the partial reflection plate 402 includes a first patch layer 1011, a first dielectric layer 1012, and a second patch layer 1013 stacked; as shown in Figure 12b, the first patch layer 1011 includes a plurality of hollows Area 1011a; as shown in Figure 12c, the second patch layer 1013 includes a plurality of second patch units 1013a corresponding to the hollowed out area 1011a; wherein, the second patch unit 1013a is on the first patch layer 1011
  • the orthographic projection and the corresponding hollow area 1011a have overlapping areas.
  • orthographic projection may also be referred to as “perpendicular projection”, which means that parallel projection lines are perpendicular to the projection plane.
  • first patch layer 1011 may be closer to the total reflection plate 401 than the second patch layer 1013 , or the second patch layer 1013 may be closer to the total reflection plate 401 than the first patch layer 1011 .
  • the orthographic projection of the second patch unit 1013a on the first patch layer 1011 may be located in the corresponding hollow area 1011a;
  • the boundary of the projection overlaps with the boundary of the corresponding hollow area 1011a; of course, it is also possible that the orthographic projection of the second patch unit 1013a on the first patch layer 1011 covers the corresponding hollow area 1011a and the first patch layer 1011 at least part of .
  • the shapes of the hollowed-out area 1011a and the second patch unit 1013a in the first patch layer 1011 are not limited, for example, they may be rectangles (such as squares, rectangles), circles, triangles, other regular or irregular shapes .
  • the shape of the hollow area 1011a in the first patch layer 1011 and the shape of the second patch unit 1013a is a rectangle, the manufacturing difficulty of the above-mentioned partial reflection plate 402 can be reduced.
  • the shape of the hollow area 1011a of the first patch layer 1011 and the shape of the second patch unit 1013a may be the same or different.
  • the hollow area 1011a of the first patch layer 1011 and the second patch unit 1013a have the same shape, for example, they are both rectangular.
  • the partially reflecting plate 402 can provide the resonant cavity with an electromagnetic wave with a second reflection phase R ⁇ PRS of 180°.
  • the plane wave generator 40 provided in the present application can obtain uniform excitation of an approximate plane wave.
  • the distance between the centers of adjacent hollowed-out areas 1011a in adjacent first patch layers 1011 and the distance between the centers of adjacent second patch units 1013a are both 15mm, that is, the hollowed-out areas 1011a and the second patch units 1013a
  • the cycle is 15mm
  • the shape of the hollow area 1011a and the second patch unit 1013a in the first patch layer 1011 are both rectangular
  • the side lengths of the hollow area 1011a and the second patch unit 1013a are both 7.5mm
  • the first The thickness of the dielectric layer 1012 is 3.175 mm as an example.
  • the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve corresponding to the partial reflector 402 obtained through simulation is shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 13a and the phase-frequency characteristic curve corresponding to the partial reflector 402 is shown in FIG. 13b.
  • Figure 13a the reflection coefficient of the partially reflective plate 402 maintains a relatively high reflection coefficient (>0.935) in a wider frequency band
  • Figure 13b the reflection phase is also in a wider frequency band
  • the range is close to 180°.
  • the structure of the plane wave generator 40 includes but is not limited to the structures described above, as long as it can generate plane electromagnetic waves.
  • the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 includes a plurality of radiation units 60, and the plurality of radiation units 60 form a metasurface, which can also be referred to as a reconfigurable transmissive metasurface; wherein each radiation unit 60 can radiate electromagnetic waves of at least two phases.
  • the number of radiating units 60 , the arrangement of multiple radiating units 60 , and the distance between the centers of adjacent radiating units 60 , that is, the period of the radiating units 60 are not limited, and can be set as required.
  • the electromagnetic energy concentrator 50 may include 13 ⁇ 13 radiation units 60 distributed in an array, that is, 169 radiation units 60, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation units 60 is 22.5 mm, so that the entire The size of the metasurface is 292.5mm ⁇ 292.5mm.
  • the phase difference of the electromagnetic waves radiated from adjacent radiation units 60 plays a major role in the electromagnetic energy focuser 50, as long as the plurality of radiation units 60 meet the requirements
  • the phase gradient of the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can effectively focus the incident electromagnetic waves, and by changing the phase gradient, the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can achieve a variable focus function.
  • each radiation unit 60 can radiate At least two phases of electromagnetic waves are emitted, so the metasurface composed of multiple radiation units 60 can form different phase gradients, and then the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can focus electromagnetic waves to different positions.
  • the first processor 301 in the above-mentioned control device 30 acquires the position of the wireless charging receiver to be charged, The position of the receiver obtains the phase gradient, and then obtains the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by each radiation unit 60 according to the phase gradient, so as to transmit the electromagnetic wave to the location of the charging wireless charging receiver.
  • the radiation unit 6 can radiate electromagnetic waves of at least two phases, which is a key factor for the variable focus of the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 .
  • the radiation unit 60 will be described in detail below through several specific embodiments.
  • each radiating unit 60 includes a first antenna 601 and a second antenna 602 arranged in layers, and a first floor 603 arranged between the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602, that is, the first An antenna 601 and a second antenna 602 are respectively located on two sides of the first floor 603 .
  • a first floor 603 is provided between the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602, and the function of the first floor 603 is to prevent the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602 from interfering with each other.
  • the orthographic projections of the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602 on the plane where the first floor 603 is located both have overlapping areas with the first floor 603 .
  • the first antenna 601 may be a receiving antenna, and the second antenna 602 may be a transmitting antenna; or the first antenna 601 may be a transmitting antenna, and the second antenna 602 may be a receiving antenna.
  • the receiving antenna is used to absorb the incident electromagnetic energy, and the transmitting antenna is used to radiate the electromagnetic energy absorbed by the receiving antenna.
  • the orthographic projection of the first antenna 601 on the first floor 603 and the orthographic projection of the second antenna 602 on the first floor 603 have overlapping areas.
  • one of the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 603 is used as a receiving antenna and the other is used as a transmitting antenna
  • the orthographic projection of the first antenna 601 on the first floor 603 and the second antenna 602 on the first when the orthographic projections on the floor 603 have an overlapping area, the efficiency of receiving the electromagnetic waves emitted by the transmitting antenna by the receiving antenna is higher.
  • the receiving antenna is closer to the plane wave generator 40 relative to the transmitting antenna.
  • Figure 16a is a schematic structural view of the radiation unit 60 viewed from the side of the first antenna 601 of the radiation unit 60;
  • Figure 16b is viewed from the side of the first antenna 601 of the radiation unit 60 after removing the dielectric layer in the radiation unit 60
  • 17a is a schematic structural view of the radiation unit 60 viewed from the second antenna 602 side of the radiation unit 60;
  • FIG. A schematic structural diagram of the radiation unit 60 viewed from one side of the second antenna 602 .
  • the first antenna 601 includes a first antenna body 6011 and a first branch 6012 , and the first antenna body 6011 and the first branch 6012 are not in contact.
  • the Z coordinates in FIGS. 18 to 23 all indicate that the plane vertical to the paper is outward.
  • the shape of the first antenna body 6011 may be, for example, a ring shape (such as a circular ring shape, an elliptical ring shape), a U shape or an L shape, and the like.
  • the shape of the first antenna body 6011 is a ring, it can ensure that the first antenna body 6011 can radiate electromagnetic waves in all directions around it.
  • the first antenna body 6011 is on the plane where it is located.
  • the metal The distribution should be as uniform as possible.
  • the first antenna body 6011 is in the shape of a circular ring.
  • the first branch 6012 can be arranged in the circular ring.
  • the radiation unit 60 above also includes a first diode D1 and a second diode D2; the first diode Both the tube D1 and the second diode D2 are arranged between the first antenna body 6011 and the first branch 6011, the first pole of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the first antenna body 6011, the first diode
  • the second pole of D1 is electrically connected to the first branch 6012; the first pole of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the end of the first branch 6012 away from the first diode D1, and the first pole of the second diode D2 is electrically connected
  • the two poles are electrically connected to the first antenna body 6011 .
  • the first antenna 601 When designing the first antenna 601, it is considered that if the distance between the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 and the first antenna body 6011 is too close, the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 may It will interfere with the first antenna body 6011. Based on this, in some examples, as shown in FIG.
  • the first antenna 601 further includes a fourth branch 6013 and a fifth branch 6014 in contact with the first antenna body 6011, and the fourth branch 6013 is disposed on the first diode D1 Between the first antenna body 6011, as shown in Figure 16a and Figure 16b, the first pole of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the fourth branch 6013, and the fifth branch 6014 is arranged between the second diode D2 and the second Between an antenna body 6011 , the second pole of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the fifth branch 6014 .
  • the first pole of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the first antenna body 6011, and the second pole of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the first antenna body 6011.
  • One branch 6012 is electrically connected, the first pole of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the first branch 6012, and the second pole of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the first antenna body 6011, in order to ensure that the radiation unit 60 It can work, that is, one of the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602 can receive electromagnetic waves, and the other can emit electromagnetic waves, so the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are both currents flowing from the first pole to the second pole When it is turned on, when it flows from the second pole to the first pole, it is cut off, then the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are not turned on or off at the same time, that is, the first diode D1 is turned on, and the second diode D2 The transistor D2 is turned off, or the first diode D1 is turned off, and the second diode D2 is turned on.
  • the first antenna 601 will correspond to different current distributions.
  • the shape of the part used to radiate electromagnetic waves in the first antenna 601 is different, so in the first state and the second state, the first antenna 601 corresponds to different current distributions respectively, and the current distribution on the first antenna 601 The difference will affect the phase of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the radiation unit 60 .
  • the second antenna 602 includes a second antenna body 6021 , a second branch 6022 and a third branch 6023 ; the second branch 6022 and the third branch 6023 are not in contact with the second antenna body 6021 .
  • the shape of the second antenna body 6021 can be, for example, a ring shape (such as a circular ring shape, an elliptical ring shape), a U shape, or an L shape.
  • the shape of the second antenna body 6021 when the shape of the second antenna body 6021 is ring-shaped, it can ensure that the second antenna body 6021 can radiate electromagnetic waves in all directions around it.
  • the second antenna body 6021 is on the plane where it is located.
  • the metal The distribution should be as uniform as possible. Based on this, in some examples, as shown in FIG. inside the ring.
  • the radiation unit 60 also includes a third diode D3 and a fourth diode D4 ;
  • the third diode D3 is arranged between the second antenna body 6021 and the second branch 6022, the first pole of the third diode D3 is electrically connected with the second antenna body 6021, the second pole of the third diode D3
  • the pole is electrically connected to the second branch 6022;
  • the fourth diode D4 is arranged between the second branch 6022 and the third branch 6023, and the first pole of the fourth diode D4 and the second branch 6022 are far away from the third diode
  • One end of the tube D3 is electrically connected, and the second pole of the fourth diode D4 is electrically connected to the third branch 6023 .
  • the second antenna 602 also includes a sixth branch 6024 in contact with the second antenna body 6021, and the third diode D3 is arranged on the sixth branch 6024 and the second branch Between 6022, the first pole of the third diode D3 is electrically connected to the sixth branch 6024.
  • the radiation unit 60 further includes a phase delay line 606 , and the phase delay line 606 is electrically connected to the third branch 6023 and the second antenna body 6021 respectively.
  • phase delay line 606 may be, for example, a 90° phase delay line.
  • phase delay line 606 can be set as required.
  • the phase delay line 606 can be set between the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602 ; it can also be set on the side of the second antenna 602 away from the first antenna 601 .
  • the phase delay line 606 is set between the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602, so that the first antenna 601 and the second The antenna 602 is located at the outermost side of the radiating unit 60 , so that the dielectric layer can avoid covering the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602 , thereby preventing the dielectric layer from affecting the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first antenna 601 or the second antenna 602 .
  • phase delay line 606 is disposed between the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602 , in some examples, the phase delay line 606 is located between the second antenna 602 and the first floor 603 .
  • the radiation unit 60 further includes The eighth dielectric layer 607 in between.
  • the second antenna 602 further includes a seventh branch 6025 in contact with the second antenna body 6021 , one end of the phase delay line 606 is electrically connected to the third branch 6023 , and the other end is electrically connected to the seventh branch 6023 .
  • the stub 6025 is electrically connected.
  • the seventh branch 6025 can be arranged inside the second antenna body 6021 or outside the second antenna body 6021 .
  • the second pole of the fourth diode D4 is electrically connected to the third branch 6023, that is, the second pole of the fourth diode D4 pole and the second antenna body 6021 are electrically connected.
  • the first pole of the third diode D3 is electrically connected to the second antenna body 6021
  • the second pole of the third diode D3 is electrically connected to the second antenna body 6021.
  • the two branches 6022 are electrically connected, the first pole of the fourth diode D4 is electrically connected to the second branch 6022, and the second pole of the fourth diode D4 is electrically connected to the second antenna body 6021, in order to ensure that the radiation unit 60 can work , that is, one of the above-mentioned first antenna 601 and second antenna 602 can receive electromagnetic waves, and the other can emit electromagnetic waves, so the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 are both conductive when the current flows from the first pole to the second pole.
  • the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 are not turned on or off at the same time, that is, the third diode D3 is turned on, and the fourth diode D4 or, the third diode D3 is turned off, and the fourth diode D4 is turned on.
  • the shape of the part used to radiate electromagnetic waves in the second antenna 602 is different, so in the first state and the second state, the second antenna 602 corresponds to two different current distributions respectively, However, the difference in current distribution on the second antenna 602 will affect the phase of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the radiation unit 60 .
  • the first antenna 601 can correspond to two different current distributions
  • the second antenna 602 can correspond to two different current distributions
  • the difference in the current distribution on the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602 will affect the radiation from the radiation unit 60 Therefore, by controlling the conduction and cut-off of the first diode D1, the third diode D3, the second diode D2 and the fourth diode D4, the electromagnetic wave emitted from the radiation unit 60 can be realized
  • the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 can be adjusted in four states.
  • the first diode D1, the third diode D3, the second diode D2 and the fourth diode D4 are marked as “1” when they are turned on, and they are marked as "0" when they are turned off.
  • Table 1 is exemplary Ground provides a phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 corresponding to the on and off of the first diode D1 , the third diode D3 , the second diode D2 and the fourth diode D4 .
  • the shape of the second antenna body 6021 is circular, and the second branch 6022 and the third branch 6023 are arranged in the second antenna body 6021, since the phase delay line 606 is installed, the second antenna body 6021 is close to The metal distribution density of the phase delay line 606 will become larger.
  • the ring width D1 of the second antenna body 6021 is greater than the ring width D2 of the position of the second antenna body 6021 close to the phase delay line 606.
  • the shape of the second antenna body 6021 is an ellipse ring.
  • the uniform distribution of metal in the radiation unit 60 is beneficial to the uniform distribution of the overall capacitance and inductance of the radiation unit 60, thereby ensuring that the radiation unit 60 has the same ability to radiate electromagnetic waves in all directions.
  • the phase delay line 606 includes intersecting first metal strips 6061 and second metal strips 6062; The arrangement direction of the branches 6023 extends; one end of the first metal strip 6061 is electrically connected to the third branch 6023 , and the other end of the first metal strip 6061 is electrically connected to the second antenna body 6021 .
  • the second antenna 602 further includes a seventh branch 6025 , the first metal strip 6061 is electrically connected to the seventh branch 6025 .
  • first metal strip 6061 and the second metal strip 6062 may be perpendicular to each other, that is, the phase delay line 606 is in the shape of a cross; it may also be that the angle between the first metal strip 6061 and the second metal strip 6062 is acute angle.
  • first metal strip 6061 and the second metal strip 6062 are perpendicular to each other, it is beneficial for the metal in the radiation unit 60 to be distributed as evenly as possible.
  • the first metal strip 6061 is set to realize the electrical connection between the third branch 6023 and the second antenna body 6021, and the purpose of setting the second metal strip 6062 is to make the radiation unit 60
  • the metal in the strips is distributed as evenly as possible, and in the case that the first metal strip 6061 is short, a desired phase delay such as a 90° phase delay can also be obtained.
  • the third diode D3 and the fourth diode are electrically connected to the second branch 6022 and the second antenna body 6021 respectively, so in some examples, it is necessary to connect the first antenna body 6011, the first branch 6012, The second branch 6022 and the second antenna body 6021 provide voltages to control the on and off of the first diode D1 , the second diode D2 , the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 .
  • any one of the first antenna body 6011 and the first branch 6012 can be electrically connected with any one of the second branch 6022 and the second antenna body 6021, so that one voltage terminal can be reduced, by The three voltage terminals control the on and off of the first diode D1, the second diode D2, the third diode D3, and the fourth diode D4, for example, the first antenna body 6011 and the second
  • the antenna body 6021 is electrically connected; the first branch 6012 and the second branch 6022 may also be electrically connected; of course, the first antenna body 6011 and the second branch 6022 are electrically connected, and the second antenna body 6021 and the first branch 6012 electrical connection.
  • the electrical connection between the first branch 6012 and the second branch 6022 will be described below as an example.
  • the radiation unit 60 further includes a first circuit 608.
  • the first circuit 608 also includes a first DC feeder 6082 electrically connected to the first wire 6081, the first DC feeder 6082 is used for external control
  • the circuit is electrically connected, the first DC feeder 6082 receives the voltage provided by the external control circuit, and transmits the voltage to the first wire 6081, and then provides it to the first antenna body 6011 through the first wire 6081, and because the first diode
  • the first pole of D1 is electrically connected to the first antenna body 6011, and the second pole of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the first antenna body 6011, so the voltage can also be transmitted to the first pole of the first diode D1 and the second pole of the second diode D2.
  • the first wire 6081 is arranged between the first floor 603 and the first antenna body 6011 , that is, the first wire 6081 is arranged between the first floor 603 and the first antenna 601 .
  • the first conductor 6081 and the first DC feeder 6082 can be arranged on different layers.
  • the first DC feeder 6082 can be arranged on the first floor 603 The side away from the first wire 6081.
  • the first DC feeder 6082 may be arranged between the first floor 603 and the first conductor 6081 .
  • the first DC feeder 6082 and the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602 should pass through the floor The isolation is performed to prevent the AC signal on the first DC feeder 6082 from affecting the phase and amplitude of electromagnetic waves radiated by the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602 .
  • the radiation unit 60 further includes a second floor 611, and the second floor 611 is arranged on the first Between a DC feeder 6082 and the second antenna 602.
  • the radiation unit 60 further includes a second floor 611, and the second floor 611 is arranged between the first DC feeder 6082 and the first between the antenna 601.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates an example in which the first floor 603 is disposed between the first DC feeder 6082 and the first antenna 601 . That is to say, the radiation unit 60 further includes a second floor 611 arranged between the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602 , and the first DC feeder 6082 is located between the first floor 603 and the second floor 611 .
  • Figure 21a is a structural schematic diagram of the first floor 603, the first floor 603 includes a first annular through hole 6031
  • Figure 21b is a structural schematic diagram of the second floor 611
  • the second floor 611 includes a second annular through hole Via 6111.
  • the radiation unit 60 may only include the first floor 603 and not include the second floor 611 , in this case, the thickness of the radiation unit 60 may be reduced.
  • the radiation unit 60 may also include a first floor 603 and a second floor 611. In this case, when the first DC feeder 6082 is arranged between the first floor 603 and the second floor 611, the first floor 603 and the second floor 611 prevents the first DC feeder 6082 from affecting the phase and amplitude of electromagnetic waves radiated by the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602 , thereby ensuring the performance of the radiation unit 60 .
  • the size of the first wire 6081 in the first circuit 608 is much smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave when the radiation unit 60 works, so it has high impedance for AC signals.
  • the size of the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602 is an order of magnitude larger than that of the first wire 6081, and they form a low-impedance loop for AC signals, so that the induced current excited by the incident electromagnetic wave will mainly distributed in the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602.
  • the above-mentioned first circuit 608 further includes a first AC isolation structure 6083, the first AC isolation structure 6083 is electrically connected to the first antenna body 6011, and the first AC isolation structure 6083 is connected to the first The orthographic projection on the plane where the antenna body 6011 is located has an overlapping area with the first antenna body 6011 .
  • the first AC isolation structure 6083 includes at least one first patch group, and each first patch group includes two first patches 6083a.
  • first AC isolation structure 6083 and the first wire 6081 can be arranged in the same layer or in different layers.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates an example in which the first AC isolation structure 6083 and the first wire 6081 are arranged on the same layer.
  • the first AC isolation structure 6083 may include one or more first patch groups.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates an example in which the first AC isolation structure 6083 includes one first patch group.
  • Each first patch group includes two first patches 6083a arranged symmetrically with respect to the first axis of symmetry M.
  • the shape of the first patch 6083a is not limited, for example, it may be a crescent shape, a fan shape, a rectangle, a triangle, other regular or irregular shapes, and the like.
  • the shape of the first antenna body 6011 is circular and the first branch 6012 is set inside the first antenna body 6011, the shape of the above-mentioned first patch 6083a is crescent-shaped, and the crescent-shaped The concave surface of is closer to the first axis of symmetry M than the convex surface.
  • the pattern formed by the above-mentioned first wires 6081 is symmetrical with respect to the first symmetry axis M.
  • the radiation unit 60 provided in the first embodiment includes the first AC isolation structure 6083, and the orthographic projection of the first patch 6083a in the first AC isolation structure 6083 on the plane where the first antenna body 6011 is located is the same as that of the first antenna body 6011 There is an overlapping area, so a capacitance will be formed between the first patch 6083a and the first antenna body 6011, so that when the AC signal generated on the first wire 6081 flows to the first patch 6083a, the AC signal can pass through the first patch 6083a.
  • the capacitive coupling formed by the piece 6083a and the first antenna body 6011 is coupled to the first antenna body 6011, thereby preventing the AC signal generated on the first wire 6081 from affecting the control module.
  • the first AC isolation structure 6083 can also prevent the AC signal generated on the first wire 6081 from affecting the first DC feeder 6082 .
  • the second wire 6131 is electrically connected to the second antenna body 6021; the third wire 6132 is electrically connected to the second branch 6022; when the first branch 6012 and the second branch 6022 are electrically connected , the third wire 6132 is also electrically connected to the third branch 6023 .
  • the second circuit 613 also includes a second DC feeder 6133 electrically connected to the second wire 6131 .
  • the second wire 6131 and the third wire 6132 are arranged in the same layer.
  • the second circuit 613 further includes a third DC feeder 6134, which may be that the third DC feeder 6134 may be directly electrically connected to the third conductor 6132; To connect, the floor such as the first floor 603 is electrically connected to the third wire 6132 , thereby realizing the electrical connection between the third DC feeder 6134 and the third wire 6132 .
  • the second DC feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134 are used to electrically connect with the external control circuit, the second DC feeder 6133 receives the voltage provided by the external control circuit, and transmits the voltage to the second wire 6131, and then passes the second DC feeder 6131
  • the second wire 6131 transmits to the second antenna body 6021
  • the third DC feeder 6134 receives the voltage provided by the external control circuit, and transmits the voltage to the third wire 6132, and then transmits the voltage to the second branch 6022 through the third wire 6132.
  • the voltage on the second DC feeder 6133 is finally supplied to the third diode
  • the first pole of D3 and the second pole of the fourth diode D4 are both electrically connected to the second branch 6022 because the second pole of the third diode D3 and the first pole of the fourth diode D4 are electrically connected to the second branch 6022, so the second pole of the fourth diode D4
  • the voltages on the three DC feeders 6134 are supplied to the second pole of the third diode D3 and the first pole of the fourth diode D4.
  • the first branch 6012 and the second branch 6022 are electrically connected, since the second pole of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the first branch 6012; the first pole of the second diode D2 and the first The branches 6012 are electrically connected, so the voltage on the third DC feeder 6134 can also be supplied to the second pole of the first diode D1 and the first pole of the second diode D2.
  • the voltages on the first DC feeder 6082, the second DC feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134 can control the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 , Turning on and off of the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4.
  • the second wire 6131 is electrically connected to the second antenna body 6021, and the third wire 6132 is electrically connected to the second branch 6022, the distance from the second wire 6131 to the second antenna body 6021, and from the third wire 6132 to the second branch 6022 The closer, the smaller the loss. Therefore, in some examples, as shown in FIG. Three wires 6132 are provided between the first floor 603 and the second antenna 602 . Since the phase delay line 606 is used to change the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the second antenna 602, in order not to affect the function of the phase delay line 606, in some examples, the second wire 6131 and the third wire 6132 are arranged on the phase delay line 606 and the first floor 603.
  • the radiation unit 60 includes a second floor 611, and the second floor 611 is arranged between the first floor 603 and the second antenna 602, the second wire 6131 and the third wire 6132 can be arranged on the second floor between the second floor 611 and the phase delay line 606 .
  • the second wire 6131 , the third wire 6132 and the second DC feeder 6133 , the third DC feeder 6134 may be arranged on different layers.
  • the second DC feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134 can be arranged on the side of the second wire 6131 and the third wire 6132 close to the second antenna 602, and the second DC feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134 can also be It is arranged on the side away from the second antenna 602 of the second wire 6131 and the third wire 6132 .
  • the third wire 6132 and the second antenna 602 close and reduce loss, in some examples, as shown in FIG.
  • the second wire 6131 and the third wire 6132 are away from the side of the second antenna 602 .
  • the influence of the second DC feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134 can be avoided.
  • the electromagnetic waves radiated from the second antenna 602 can avoid affecting the electromagnetic waves radiated by the radiation unit 60 .
  • the radiation unit 60 includes a second floor 611, the second DC feeder 6133,
  • the third DC feeder 6134 can be arranged between the first floor 603 and the second floor 611, so that the first floor 603 and the second floor 611 can isolate the second DC feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134 to prevent the second DC
  • the feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134 affect the phase and amplitude of electromagnetic waves radiated by the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602 .
  • Figure 24a provides the amplitude curves corresponding to different numbers of DC feeders when the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 is 270°
  • Figure 24a The amplitude curves corresponding to 3, 5 and 7 DC feeders are shown respectively, and the ordinate "
  • Figure 24b provides the phase curves corresponding to different numbers of DC feeders when the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 is 270°
  • and Figure 24b shows the corresponding phase curves under 3, 5 and 7 DC feeders, respectively, Figure 24b
  • the middle ordinate " ⁇ S 21 " represents the phase value.
  • each radiating unit 60 includes 5 DC feeders
  • the transmission amplitude and phase of the radiating unit 60 have a large shift, and this shift is often a function of the number of DC feeders
  • different numbers of DC feeders may cause different degrees of performance degradation of the radiating unit 60, which may reduce the stability of the entire electromagnetic energy focuser 50, because when there is only one floor, the DC feeder is not shielded, so it will affect The stability of the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 performance.
  • the radiating unit 60 includes the first floor 603 and the second floor 611, since DC feeders such as the first DC feeder 6082, the second DC feeder 6133, the third DC feeder 6134, etc.
  • these DC feeders can be shielded to prevent the DC feeders from affecting the phase and amplitude of electromagnetic waves radiated by the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602, that is, preventing the stability of the performance of the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 from being affected.
  • the dimensions of the second wire 6131 and the third wire 6132 in the second circuit 613 are much smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave when the radiation unit 60 works, so they are high impedance for AC signals .
  • the size of the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602 is an order of magnitude larger than that of the second wire 6131 and the third wire 6132, which constitute a low-impedance loop for AC signals, so that the induction induced by the incident electromagnetic wave The current will be mainly distributed in the first antenna 601 and the second antenna 602 .
  • the above-mentioned second circuit 613 further includes a second AC isolation structure 6135 , the second AC isolation structure 6135 is electrically connected to the second antenna body 6021 , and the orthographic projection of the second AC isolation structure 6135 on the plane where the second antenna body 6021 is located has an overlapping area with the second antenna body 6021 .
  • the second AC isolation structure 6135 includes at least one second patch group; each second patch group includes two second patches 6135a.
  • FIG. 23 illustrates an example in which the second AC isolation structure 6135 is arranged on the same layer as the second wire 6131 and the third wire 6132 .
  • the second AC isolation structure 6135 may include one or more second patch groups.
  • FIG. 23 illustrates an example where the second AC isolation structure 6135 includes one second patch group.
  • each A second tile group includes second tiles 6135a arranged symmetrically about the second axis N of symmetry.
  • the shape of the second patch 6135a is not limited, for example, it may be fan-shaped, crescent-shaped, rectangular, triangular, or other regular or irregular shapes.
  • the shape of the second patch 6135a is fan-shaped; the corners of the fan are opposite to each other. It is close to the second axis of symmetry N on the arc surface.
  • the pattern formed by the above-mentioned second conducting wire 6131 is symmetrical with respect to the second symmetry axis N; and/or, the pattern formed by the third conducting wire 6132 is symmetrical with respect to the second Two symmetry axes N symmetry.
  • the radiation unit 60 provided in the first embodiment includes the second AC isolation structure 6135, and the orthographic projection of the second patch 6135a in the second AC isolation structure 6135 on the plane where the second antenna body 6021 is located is the same as that of the second antenna body 6021 There is an overlapping area, so a capacitance will be formed between the second patch 6135a and the second antenna body 6021, so that when the AC signal generated on the second wire 6131 and the third wire 6132 flows to the second patch 6135a, the AC signal
  • the capacitive coupling formed by the second patch 6135a and the second antenna body 6021 can be coupled to the second antenna body 6021, so that the electromagnetic waves radiated by the AC signal generated on the second wire 6131 and the third wire 6132 to the second antenna body 6021 can be avoided
  • the influence of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the radiation unit 60 can be avoided.
  • the radiation unit 60 provided in the first embodiment may include 9 metal layers, which are: the first metal layer M1: the first antenna 601; the second metal layer M2: the first wire 6081 and the first AC isolation structure 6083 ;
  • the third metal layer M3 the first floor 603; the fourth metal layer M4: the first DC feeder 6082; the fifth metal layer M5: the second DC feeder 6133; the sixth metal layer M6: the second floor 611;
  • these 9 layers of metal can be stacked in any desired order. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the first DC feeder 6082; the second DC feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134; the second floor 611; the second conductor 6131, the third conductor 6132 and the second isolated AC structure 6135; the phase delay line 606; the second antenna 602 Settings can be cascaded sequentially.
  • a dielectric layer should be set between any two adjacent metal layers to separate the adjacent two metal layers.
  • the sixth dielectric layer 604 between the structures 6083; the ninth dielectric layer 610 arranged between the first conductor 6081, the first isolated AC structure 6083 and the first floor 603; the ninth dielectric layer 610 arranged between the first floor 603 and the first DC feeder
  • the third dielectric layer 609 between 6082; the thirteenth dielectric layer 615 arranged between the first DC feeder 6082 and the second DC feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134;
  • the eleventh dielectric layer 612 between the DC feeder 6134 and the second floor 611; the second dielectric layer 614 arranged between the second floor 611 and the second conductor 6131, the third conductor 6132, and the second isolated AC structure 6135;
  • the eighth dielectric layer 607 arranged between the second wire 6131, the third wire 6132, the second AC isolation structure 61
  • a metal layer can be formed on both sides of the dielectric plate first, and then the dielectric plate formed with the metal layer is pasted together to form the radiating unit 60 through an adhesive layer, and multiple radiating units 60 can be simultaneously production, so that the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can be produced.
  • the sixth dielectric layer 604, the third dielectric layer 609, the eleventh dielectric layer 612, the eighth dielectric layer 607, and the seventh dielectric layer 605 can be dielectric plates S, that is, electromagnetic energy focusing
  • the device 50 includes five layers of dielectric boards, namely S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5.
  • the above-mentioned ninth dielectric layer 610, thirteenth dielectric layer 615, and second dielectric layer 614 may be adhesive layers.
  • the radiation unit 60 further includes an adhesive layer 616 disposed between the eighth dielectric layer 607 and the phase delay line 606 . That is, the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 includes 4 adhesive layers.
  • the first antenna 601, the first wire 6081, and the first AC isolation structure 6083 can be formed on both sides of the sixth dielectric layer 604;
  • the first floor 603 and the first DC feeder 6082 are respectively formed;
  • the second DC feeder 6133, the third DC feeder 6134 and the second floor 611 can be formed on both sides of the eleventh dielectric layer 612;
  • the eighth dielectric layer 607 Form the second conducting wire 6131, the third conducting wire 6132, and the second AC isolation structure 6135 on one side respectively; form the phase delay line 606 and the second antenna 602 on both sides of the seventh dielectric layer 605, and then pass through the ninth dielectric layer 610 , the thirteenth dielectric layer 615 , the second dielectric layer 614 , and the adhesive layer disposed between the eighth dielectric layer 607 and the phase delay line 606 to paste the above five layers of dielectric boards together.
  • a via means that dissimilar metals can be connected together through vias.
  • first DC feeder 6082 of the fourth metal layer M4 and the second DC feeder 6133 and third DC feeder 6134 of the fifth metal layer M5 can be directly electrically connected to an external control circuit, and through the external control circuit High-level and low-level voltage sources are provided to control the on and off of the first diode D1 , the second diode D2 , the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 .
  • the first DC feeder 6082 of the fourth metal layer M4 is first connected to the first wire 6081 and the first isolated AC structure 6083 in the second metal layer M2 through the first through hole Via1;
  • the via hole Via2 is connected to the first antenna body 601 of the first antenna 601 in the first metal layer M1, so as to implement high level or low level loading to the first pole and the second pole of the first diode D1 the second pole of tube D2.
  • the first through hole Via1 when making the first through hole Via1, it is necessary to drill a hole from the first metal layer M1 to the fourth metal layer M4, but the first through hole Via1 is only used to realize the fourth metal layer M4 and the second metal layer M4.
  • the electrical connection of layer M2 is not electrically connected with the first metal layer M1, so the first metal layer M1 as shown in Figure 18 and the second metal layer M2 as shown in Figure 22, black dots indicate electrical connection, and white dots Indicates a through hole but not electrically connected.
  • the second DC feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134 of the fifth metal layer M5 are connected to the second wire 6131 and the second isolated AC structure 6135 of the seventh metal layer M7 through the third via hole Via3, and then Connect to the second antenna body 6021 of the second antenna 602 of the ninth metal layer M9 through the fourth through hole Via4, so as to implement high level or low level loading to the second pole and the third pole of the fourth diode D4.
  • the third through hole Via3 needs to be drilled from the ninth metal layer M9 through the ninth metal layer M9, the eighth metal layer M8, the seventh metal layer M7, the sixth metal layer M6 to the fifth metal layer M5, the The third through hole Via3 is only used to realize the electrical connection between the fifth metal layer M5 and the seventh metal layer M7. Therefore, in the ninth metal layer M9 shown in FIG. Not electrically connected.
  • the eighth metal layer M8 and the sixth metal layer M6 are similar, and will not be repeated here.
  • the intermediate level provided by the second floor 611 of the sixth metal layer M6 (the intermediate level is located between the above-mentioned low level and high level) is also provided to the seventh metal layer M7 through the seventh via hole Via7.
  • the third wire 6132 is provided to the first branch 6012 of the first antenna 601 of the first metal layer M1 and the second branch 6022 of the second antenna 602 of the ninth metal layer M9 through the fifth through hole Via5,
  • the intermediate voltage provided by the second floor 611 is applied to the second pole of the first diode D1, the first pole of the second diode D2, the second pole of the third diode D3, the fourth diode The first pole of D4.
  • the second antenna body 6021 , the third branch 6023 of the second antenna 602 of the ninth metal layer M9 and the phase delay line 606 of the eighth metal layer M8 can be electrically connected through the sixth via hole Via6 .
  • the first diode D1, the second diode D2, the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 are equivalent to a resistor when they are turned on, and are equivalent to a resistor and a resistor when they are turned off.
  • a capacitor is connected in series.
  • Fig. 25a is the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the radiation unit 60 provided in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 25b is the phase-frequency characteristic curve of the radiation unit 60 provided in the first embodiment. State 1 in Fig. 25a and Fig.
  • Fig. 25b represents that the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 is 0°
  • state 2 represents that the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 is 90°
  • state 3 represents the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 is 180°
  • state 4 indicates that the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 is 270°.
  • Fig. 25a when the operating frequency of the radiation unit 60 is 5.8 GHz, the amplitudes and frequencies corresponding to state 1, state 2, state 3 and state 4 are all close to 1, that is to say, the radiation unit 60 provided by Embodiment 1 Has a strong launch capability. It can be seen from Fig.
  • phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 corresponding to state 1 is close to -180°
  • the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 corresponding to state 2 is The phase is close to -90°
  • the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 corresponding to state 3 is close to 0°
  • the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 corresponding to state 4 is close to 90°.
  • the relative phase difference between states is the essential factor affecting focusing, and adding a certain phase value (for example, 180°) to a group of phases at the same time does not affect the phase difference.
  • the phases of state 1, state 2, state 3, and state 4 can be considered to be close to 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°, resulting in a phase gradient of 90°. That is to say, the radiating unit 60 provided in Embodiment 1 can radiate electromagnetic waves of a required phase.
  • the operating frequency of the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 is 5.8 GHz, and the corresponding operating wavelength is 51.7 mm.
  • the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 includes 13 as shown in FIG. 14 ⁇ 13 radiating units 60 distributed in an array, the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiating units 60 is 22.5 mm, the size of the entire metasurface formed is 292.5 mm ⁇ 292.5 mm as an example, using the simulation software to analyze the electromagnetic energy The performance of the concentrator 50 was verified.
  • Fig. 26 is the electric field focusing characteristic of the center of the metasurface composed of a plurality of radiation units 60 on the XOZ plane with an operating frequency near 5.8 GHz.
  • FIG. 26 shows the theoretical focal length of 180mm, and the circle represents the actual focal length. It can be seen from FIG. 26 that the metasurface composed of multiple radiation units 60 can accurately focus to 180mm within the allowable range of experimental error, which is in line with theoretical expectations.
  • Fig. 27 shows the electric field focusing characteristics of the center of the metasurface composed of a plurality of radiation units 60 at the focal plane when the working frequency is around 5.8 GHz. As for the electric field focusing characteristics, it can be seen from Figure 27 that the radius of the Airy disk is also close to the diffraction limit, which is in line with theoretical expectations.
  • Airy disk refers to the focal spot formed at the focal point due to diffraction. The center is a bright circular spot surrounded by groups of weaker concentric ring-shaped fringes of light and dark, which are bounded by the first dark ring. The central bright spot is called the Airy disk.
  • Figure 28a provides the 3dB focusing efficiency curve of the metasurface composed of multiple radiation units 60 as a function of frequency
  • Figure 28b provides the frequency-dependent Airy disk focusing efficiency curve of the metasurface composed of multiple radiation units 60.
  • the 3dB focusing efficiency is defined as the ratio of the power within the full width at half maximum to the input power
  • the Airy disk efficiency is defined as the ratio of the power within the Airy disk to the input power. It can be seen from Figure 28a that the highest value of the 3dB focusing efficiency is 24.1%, and it can be seen from Figure 28b that the highest value of the Airy disk focusing efficiency is 38.3%.
  • the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 also includes a control circuit. As shown in FIG.
  • the cluster 701 includes a plurality of shift registers 7011, and the plurality of shift registers 7011 and the voltage stabilizing module 702 are electrically connected to the second processor 703; the second processor 703 is used to control the shift registers 7011 to output the first voltage V1 or the second The second voltage V2 is used to control the voltage stabilizing module 702 to output the third voltage V3; the third voltage V3 is greater than the first voltage V1 and less than the second voltage V2; wherein, the first DC feeder 6082 and the second DC feeder 6133 are respectively It is electrically connected to a shift register 7011, and the third DC feeder 6134 is electrically connected to the voltage stabilizing module 702, that is, the first wire 6081 and the second wire 6131 are respectively electrically connected to a shift register 7011, and the third wire 6132 is electrically connected to the voltage stabilizing module 702 electrical connections.
  • the above-mentioned first voltage V1 is 0V
  • the second voltage V2 is 5V
  • the third voltage V3 is between 0-5V, such as 3V.
  • the second processor 703 may be, for example, a single-chip microcomputer.
  • the number of shift registers 7011 in the shift register cluster 701 can be set as required.
  • the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 includes 169 radiation units 60, and each shift register 7011 is a shift register 7011 with an 8-bit parallel output, then the shift register cluster 701 may include 43 8-bit parallel output The shift register 7011.
  • Both the first pole of the first diode D1 and the second pole of the second diode D2 are electrically connected to the first antenna body 6011 (that is, to the first DC feeder 6082), and the second pole of the first diode D1
  • the two poles and the first pole of the second diode D2 are both electrically connected to the first branch 6012 (that is, the third DC feeder 6134);
  • the first pole of the third diode D3 and the first pole of the fourth diode D4 Both poles are electrically connected to the second antenna body 6021 (ie, the second DC feeder 6133), and the second pole of the third diode D3 and the first pole of the fourth diode D4 are both connected to the second branch 6022 (ie, the second DC feeder 6133).
  • the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 includes 169 radiation units 60
  • the single-chip microcomputer is a single-chip microcomputer with 30 IO (input/output, input/output) ports, then only 12 single-chip microcomputers need to be used to provide voltage for the 339 voltage ports.
  • control circuit 70 which will not only bring high economic costs, but also take up a large physical space; in addition, because 12 single-chip microcomputers need to be debugged at the same time, it will also bring difficulties in debugging the equipment.
  • the control circuit 70 provided by the present application includes a plurality of shift registers 7011, it only needs to use a second processor 703 such as a single-chip microcomputer to control 43 ports with 8 bits in parallel.
  • Output shift registers 7011 these shift registers 7011 can output the first voltage V1 or the second voltage V2, and the voltage stabilizing module 702 outputs the third voltage V3 between the first voltage V1 and the second voltage V2, so that It can control only one of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 in each radiation unit 60 to conduct, and only one of the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 to conduct, thereby ensuring that each The unidirectionality of the current flow direction of the radiation unit 60 .
  • the control circuit 70 provided by the present application is not only convenient for debugging, but also more simplified and occupies a smaller space.
  • the radiation unit 60 does not include the phase delay line 606, by controlling the on and off of the first diode D1, the second diode D2, the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4, the radiation The unit 60 can only radiate electromagnetic waves of two phases.
  • the radiation unit 60 since the radiation unit 60 includes a phase delay line 606 in addition to the first diode D1, the second diode D2, the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4,
  • the phase delay line 606 can increase the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the radiation unit 60, so by controlling the conduction of the first diode D1, the second diode D2, the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 and cutoff, the electromagnetic wave radiated by the radiation unit 60 can have four phases, such as 0°, 90°, 180° or 270° respectively, so when the radiation unit 60 is applied to the electromagnetic energy focuser 50, by controlling a plurality of radiation
  • the phase of the unit 60 so that the metasurface composed of a plurality of radiation units 60 can form different phase gradients, and different phase gradients correspond to different electromagnetic beam focusing positions, so the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can focus the electromagnetic waves to different position, so that the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can realize the zoom function.
  • the radiation unit 60 provided in Embodiment 1 is a transmissive radiation unit, That is, the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 provided in this application is a transmissive electromagnetic energy focuser.
  • the wireless charging transmitter 10 provided by the present application can realize Based on the dynamic focusing of the electromagnetic beam, the economic cost is relatively low.
  • the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 provided by the present application directly focuses the electromagnetic waves radiated from the plane wave generator 40, compared with the wireless charging transmitter 10 provided by the related art, it uses the active metasurface to reflect and focus, so the electromagnetic energy
  • the wireless charging transmitter 10 provided by the present application can not only reduce the size of the wireless charging transmitter 10 , but also avoid the shielding of the feed antenna and improve energy utilization efficiency.
  • the difference between the radiating unit 60 provided in Embodiment 2 and the radiating unit 60 provided in Embodiment 1 is that in Embodiment 1, the first wire 6081 and the first DC feeder 6082 are located on different layers, and the second wire 6131 and the first The three conductors 6132 are located on different layers from the second DC feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134, and in the first embodiment, the radiating unit 60 also includes a second floor; in the second embodiment, the first conductor 6081 and the first DC The feeder 6082 is located on the same layer, that is, the first conductor 6081 and the first DC feeder 6082 are arranged on the same layer.
  • the second conducting wire 6131 and the third conducting wire 6132 are located on the same layer as the second DC feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134, that is, the second conducting wire 6131, the third conducting wire 6132, the second DC feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134 are arranged on the same layer , and does not include the second floor.
  • the radiation unit 60 provided in the second embodiment includes a first antenna 601 , a second antenna 602 , a first floor 603 , a phase delay line 606 , a first circuit 608 and a second circuit 613 .
  • the structure and position setting relationship of the first antenna 601, the second antenna 602, the first floor 603, the phase delay line 606, the first circuit 608 and the second circuit 613 can refer to the first embodiment above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the second embodiment only introduces the parts that are different from the first embodiment.
  • the first wire 6081 and the first DC feeder 6082 in the first circuit 608 are located on the same layer, that is, the first wire 6081 and the first DC feeder 6082 are arranged on the same layer.
  • the second wire 6131 and the third wire 6132 in the second circuit 613 are located on the same layer as the second DC feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134, that is, the second wire 6131, the third wire 6132, the second DC feeder 6133, the third The DC feeder 6134 is set on the same floor.
  • the embodiment Second the fourth metal layer M4 and the fifth metal layer M5 in the first embodiment above can be reduced, the first DC feeder 6082 can be located on the second metal layer M2, the second DC feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134 can be located on the seventh Metal layer M7.
  • the sixth metal layer M6 in the first embodiment can be reduced in the second embodiment.
  • the second embodiment can reduce three metal layers.
  • the radiation unit 60 provided in the second embodiment may include 6 metal layers, which are: the first metal layer M1: the first antenna 601; the second metal layer M2: the first wire 6081, the first AC isolation structure 6083 , the first DC feeder 6082; the third metal layer M3: the first floor 603; the seventh metal layer M7: the second wire 6131, the third wire 6132, the second isolated AC structure 6135, the second DC feeder 6133, the third DC feeder 6134 ; eighth metal layer M8 : phase delay line 606 ; ninth metal layer M9 : second antenna 602 .
  • 6 metal layers of metal can be stacked in any desired order. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the first antenna 601 (first metal layer M1); 6083 and the first DC feeder 6082 (the second metal layer M2); the first floor 603 (the third metal layer M3); the second wire 6131, the third wire 6132, the second isolated AC structure 6135, and the second DC feeder 6133 And the third DC feeder 6134 (the seventh metal layer M7 ); the phase delay line 606 (the eighth metal layer M8 ); and the second antenna 602 (the ninth metal layer M9 ) can be stacked in sequence.
  • a dielectric layer should be set between any two adjacent metal layers to separate the adjacent two metal layers.
  • the sixth dielectric layer 604 between the structure 6083 and the first DC feeder 6082 ; the ninth dielectric layer arranged between the first conductor 6081 , the first isolated AC structure 6083 , the first DC feeder 6082 and the first floor 603 610; the third dielectric layer 609 arranged between the first floor 603 and the second wire 6131, the third wire 6132, the second isolated AC structure 6135, the second DC feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134;
  • the eighth dielectric layer 607 between the wire 6131, the third wire 6132, the second isolated AC structure 6135, the second DC feeder 6133, the third DC feeder 6134 and the phase delay line 606; it is arranged on the phase delay line 606 and the second antenna 602 between the seventh dielectric layer 605 .
  • the second embodiment has one less dielectric board, that is, the eleventh dielectric layer 612 .
  • a metal layer can be formed on both sides of the dielectric plate first, and then the dielectric plate formed with the metal layer is pasted together to form the radiating unit 60 through an adhesive layer, and multiple radiating units 60 can be simultaneously production, so that the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can be produced.
  • the above-mentioned sixth dielectric layer 604, third dielectric layer 609, eighth dielectric layer 607, and seventh dielectric layer 605 can be dielectric plates S, that is, the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 includes 4 layers of dielectric plates , which are S1, S2, S4, and S5 respectively.
  • the ninth medium layer 610 mentioned above may be an adhesive layer.
  • the radiating unit 60 further includes an adhesive layer 616 disposed between the eighth dielectric layer 607 and the phase delay line 606, disposed between the third dielectric layer 609 and the second wire 6131, the third wire 6132,
  • the thirteenth dielectric layer 615 between the second isolated AC structure 6135, the second DC feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134, the thirteenth dielectric layer 615 is used as a paste layer, that is, the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 includes 3 layers of paste layer.
  • the second embodiment also has one less adhesive layer, that is, the second dielectric layer 614 .
  • the manufacturing process of the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can refer to the above-mentioned first embodiment, which will not be repeated here.
  • the first DC feeder 6082 of the second metal layer M2 is electrically connected to the first wire 6081 in the second metal layer M2 and the first AC isolation structure 6083, and then through the first The via hole Via2 is connected to the first antenna body 601 of the first antenna 601 in the first metal layer M1, so as to implement high level or low level loading to the first pole and the second pole of the first diode D1 the second pole of tube D2.
  • the second DC feeder 6133 of the seventh metal layer M7 is electrically connected to the second wire 6131, and then connected to the second antenna body 6021 of the second antenna 602 of the ninth metal layer M9 through the fourth through hole Via4 , so that a high level or a low level is applied to the second pole of the fourth diode D4 and the first pole of the third diode D3.
  • the intermediate level provided by the first ground 603 of the third metal layer M3 (the intermediate level is located between the above-mentioned low level and high level) is also provided to the third layer of the seventh metal layer M7 through the third through hole Via3.
  • the wire 6132, the third wire 6132 is provided to the first branch 6012 of the first antenna 601 of the first metal layer M1 and the second branch 6022 of the second antenna 602 of the ninth metal layer M9 through the fifth through hole Via5, thereby connecting
  • the intermediate voltage provided by the first ground 603 is applied to the second pole of the first diode D1, the first pole of the second diode D2, the second pole of the third diode D3, and the second pole of the fourth diode D4. first pole.
  • the second embodiment has fewer first through holes Via1.
  • the second embodiment can reduce three layers of metal layers, one layer of dielectric board, one layer of adhesive layer and one through hole, the thickness of the radiation unit 60 provided by the second embodiment is reduced, namely The thickness of the manufactured electromagnetic energy focuser 50 is reduced, and the process of manufacturing the radiation unit 60 is simplified.
  • the second embodiment reduces one layer of dielectric board, the number of times of pressing is reduced when making the electromagnetic energy focuser 50, thereby saving boards, improving the success rate of processing, and reducing production costs.
  • the control circuit of the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can refer to the first embodiment above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the amplitude-frequency characteristic and the phase-frequency characteristic of the radiation unit 60 provided in Embodiment 2 are simulated, as shown in FIG. 31a is the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the radiation unit 60 provided in the second embodiment, and FIG. 31b is the phase-frequency characteristic curve of the radiation unit 60 provided in the second embodiment.
  • State 1 in Figure 31a and Figure 31b represents that the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 is 0°
  • state 2 represents that the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 is 90°
  • state 3 represents the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 is 180°
  • state 4 indicates that the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 is 270°.
  • Fig. 31a when the working frequency of the radiation unit 60 is 5.8 GHz, the amplitudes and frequencies corresponding to the state 1, state 2, state 3 and state 4 are all close to 1, that is to say, the radiation unit 60 of the second embodiment has a relatively Strong launching ability.
  • the phases of state 1, state 2, state 3, and state 4 can be considered to be close to 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°, resulting in a phase gradient of 90°. That is to say, the radiating unit 60 provided in the second embodiment can radiate electromagnetic waves of a required phase.
  • the difference between the third embodiment and the first embodiment is that no phase delay line 606 is provided in the radiation unit 60 provided by the third embodiment, and the structure of the second antenna 602 is different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the radiation unit 60 provided in the third embodiment includes a first antenna 601 , a second antenna 602 , a first floor 603 , a first circuit 608 , a second circuit 613 , and a second floor 611 .
  • the structure and position setting relationship of the first antenna 601 , the first floor 603 , the first circuit 608 , the second circuit 613 , and the second floor 611 can refer to the first embodiment above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the third embodiment only introduces the parts that are different from the first embodiment, and other identical parts can refer to the first embodiment.
  • the second antenna 602 in the radiation unit 60 includes a second antenna body 6021 and a second branch 6022 ; the second branch 6022 is not in contact with the second antenna body 6021 .
  • the shape of the second antenna body 6021 and the positional relationship between the second antenna body 6021 and the second branch 6022 can refer to the first embodiment above, which will not be repeated here.
  • the radiation unit 60 further includes a third diode D3 and a fourth diode D4; the third diode D3 is arranged on the second antenna body 6021 and the second antenna body 6021.
  • the first pole of the third diode D3 is electrically connected to the second antenna body 6021, and the second pole of the third diode D3 is electrically connected to the second branch 6022; the fourth diode D4
  • the first pole of the second branch 6022 is electrically connected to an end far away from the third diode D3, and the second pole of the fourth diode D4 is electrically connected to the second antenna body 6021.
  • the second pole of the fourth diode D4 can be directly electrically connected to the second antenna body 6021.
  • the second pole of the fourth diode D4 needs to pass through the third branch 6023
  • the sum phase delay line 606 is electrically connected to the second antenna body 6021 .
  • the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 may It will interfere with the second antenna body 6021.
  • the second antenna 602 further includes a sixth branch 6024 in contact with the second antenna body 6021, the third diode D3 is arranged between the sixth branch 6024 and the second branch 6022, the third The first pole of the diode D3 is electrically connected to the sixth branch 6024; the second antenna 602 also includes a third branch 6023 in contact with the second antenna body 6021, and the fourth diode D4 is arranged on the second branch 6022 and the second branch 6023. Between the three branches 6023 , the second pole of the fourth diode D4 is electrically connected to the third branch 6023 .
  • the phase of the electromagnetic wave is adjustable, and the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 can be adjusted in two states.
  • the first diode D1, the third diode D3, the second diode D2 and the fourth diode D4 are marked as “1” when they are turned on, and they are marked as "0" when they are turned off.
  • Table 2 is exemplary Ground provides a phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation unit 60 corresponding to the on and off of the first diode D1 , the third diode D3 , the second diode D2 and the fourth diode D4 .
  • the radiation unit 60 can have two phases, such as 0° and 180° respectively, so when the radiation unit 60 is applied to the electromagnetic energy focuser 50, by controlling the phases of the multiple radiation units 60, the metasurface formed by the multiple radiation units 60 can be formed Different phase gradients correspond to different focusing positions of electromagnetic beams, so the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can focus electromagnetic waves to different positions, so that the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can realize a zoom function.
  • Other technical effects of the third embodiment that are the same as those of the first embodiment can be referred to the first embodiment above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the control circuit of the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can refer to the first embodiment above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the difference between the fourth embodiment and the first embodiment is that no phase delay line 606 is provided in the radiation unit 60 provided by the fourth embodiment, the structure of the second antenna 602 is different from that of the first embodiment, and the radiation unit provided by the first embodiment 60 includes four diodes, and the radiation unit 60 provided in Embodiment 4 includes three diodes, which are respectively the first diode D1, the third diode D3 and the second diode D2, excluding the fourth diode D4 .
  • the radiation unit 60 provided in Embodiment 4 includes a first antenna 601 , a second antenna 602 , a first floor 603 , a first circuit 608 , a second circuit 613 , and a second floor 611 .
  • the structure and position setting relationship of the first antenna 601 , the first floor 603 , the first circuit 608 , the second circuit 613 , and the second floor 611 can refer to the first embodiment above, and will not be repeated here.
  • This fourth embodiment only introduces the parts that are different from the first embodiment, and other identical parts can refer to the first embodiment.
  • the second antenna 602 includes a second antenna body 6021 and a second branch 6022 ; the second branch 6022 is not in contact with the second antenna body 6021 .
  • the shape of the second antenna body 6021 and the positional relationship between the second antenna body 6021 and the second branch 6022 can refer to the first embodiment above, which will not be repeated here.
  • a third diode D3 is also provided between the second antenna body 6021 and the second branch 6022.
  • the third diode D3 is turned on, the second antenna body 6021 and the second
  • the radiation unit 60 provided in the fourth embodiment does not include the fourth diode D4
  • the radiation unit 60 can have different phases, so the radiation unit 60
  • the metasurface composed of multiple radiation units 60 can form different phase gradients, and different phase gradients correspond to different electromagnetic beam focusing positions , so the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can focus the electromagnetic waves to different positions, so that the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can realize the zoom function.
  • the difference between the fifth embodiment and the first embodiment is that no phase delay line 606 is provided in the radiation unit 60 provided by the fifth embodiment, the structure of the second antenna 602 is different from that of the first embodiment, and the radiation unit provided by the first embodiment 60 includes four diodes, and the radiation unit 60 provided in Embodiment 5 includes two diodes, namely the first diode D1 and the second diode D2, excluding the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 . Since the radiation unit 60 provided in the fifth embodiment does not include the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4, the radiation unit 60 provided in the fifth embodiment also does not include the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4.
  • the second circuit 613 that controls the turn-on and turn-off of the four diodes D4.
  • the radiation unit 60 provided in Embodiment 5 includes a first antenna 601 , a second antenna 602 , a first floor 603 , a first circuit 608 , and a second floor 611 .
  • the structure and position setting relationship of the first antenna 601 , the first floor 603 , and the second floor 611 can refer to the first embodiment above, and will not be repeated here.
  • This fifth embodiment only introduces the parts that are different from the first embodiment, and other identical parts can refer to the first embodiment.
  • the first circuit 608 in the fifth embodiment also includes a wire electrically connected to the first branch 6012 for providing voltage to the first branch 6012.
  • the second antenna 602 includes a second antenna body 6021 .
  • the shape of the second antenna body 6021 can refer to the first embodiment above, and will not be repeated here. Since the second antenna 602 provided in the fifth embodiment does not include branches not in contact with the second antenna body 6021, the radiation unit 60 provided in the fifth embodiment does not include the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 .
  • the radiation unit 60 provided in Embodiment 5 includes two diodes, namely a first diode D1 and a second diode D2 .
  • the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are not turned on and off at the same time, the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are turned on and off in two states, one is the first diode D1 is turned on and the second diode D2 is turned off, and the other is that the first diode D1 is turned off and the second diode D2 is turned on.
  • These two states correspond to two phases of electromagnetic waves radiated from the radiation unit 60 .
  • the radiation unit 60 by controlling the on and off of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2, the radiation unit 60 can have two different phases, so that the radiation unit 60 can be used to focus electromagnetic energy
  • the metasurface composed of multiple radiation units 60 can form different phase gradients, and different phase gradients correspond to different electromagnetic beam focusing positions, so the electromagnetic energy is focused
  • the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can focus the electromagnetic waves to different positions, so that the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can realize the variable focus function.
  • the difference between the sixth embodiment and the first embodiment is that the structure of the first antenna 601 in the radiation unit 60 provided by the sixth embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment, and the radiation unit 60 provided by the first embodiment includes four diodes.
  • the radiation unit 60 provided in Example 6 includes three diodes, namely the first diode D1 , the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D3 , excluding the second diode D2 .
  • the radiation unit 60 provided in Embodiment 6 includes a first antenna 601 , a second antenna 602 , a first floor 603 , a second floor 611 , a phase delay line 606 , a first circuit 608 and a second circuit 613 .
  • the structure and position setting relationship of the second antenna 602, the first floor 603, the second floor 611, the phase delay line 606, the first circuit 608 and the second circuit 613 can refer to the first embodiment above, and will not be repeated here.
  • this sixth embodiment only introduces the parts that are different from the first embodiment.
  • the first antenna 601 includes a first antenna body 6011 and a first branch 6012 , and the first antenna body 6011 and the first branch 6012 are not in contact.
  • the shape of the first antenna body 6011 and the positional relationship between the first antenna body 6011 and the first branch 6012 can refer to the first embodiment above, and will not be repeated here.
  • a first diode D1 is also provided between the first antenna body 6011 and the first branch 6012.
  • the first antenna body 6011 and the first branch 6012 can realize
  • the radiation unit 60 provided in the sixth embodiment does not include the second diode D2.
  • the radiation unit 60 can have different phases, so the radiation unit 60
  • the metasurface composed of multiple radiation units 60 can form different phase gradients, and different phase gradients correspond to different electromagnetic beam focusing positions , so the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can focus the electromagnetic waves to different positions, so that the electromagnetic energy focuser 50 can realize the zoom function.
  • Other technical effects of the sixth embodiment that are the same as those of the first embodiment can be referred to the first embodiment above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the sixth embodiment above is described by taking the radiation unit 60 including the phase delay line 606 and the structure of the second antenna 602 as the structure provided in the first embodiment.
  • the sixth embodiment above radiates
  • the unit 60 may not include the phase delay line 606, and the structure of the second antenna 602 may be the structure provided in the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment and the fifth embodiment.
  • the first conductor 6081 and the first DC feeder 6082 are located on different layers, and the second conductor 6131, the third conductor 6132 and the second The DC feeder 6133 and the third DC feeder 6134 are located on different floors, and the radiation unit 60 also includes a second floor as an example for description.
  • the first conductor 6081 and the first DC feeder 6082 may also be located on the same layer, the second conductor 6131, the third conductor 6132, the second DC feeder 6133, and the third DC feeder 6134 may also be located on the same layer, and The second floor is not included, and details can be referred to Embodiment 2, which will not be repeated here.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a control method of the above-mentioned wireless charging transmitter, as shown in FIG. 36 , including:
  • step S11 control the wireless charging transmitter 10 to transmit the electromagnetic wave to the above target position, specifically including: according to the above target position, control the plane wave generator 40 to generate plane electromagnetic waves, and control the electromagnetic energy focuser
  • control the wireless charging transmitter 10 to transmit electromagnetic waves to the target position specifically including: according to the above target position, control the plane wave generator 40 to generate plane electromagnetic waves, and control the electromagnetic energy focuser
  • the phase of each radiating unit 60 in 50 enables the wireless charging transmitter 10 to transmit electromagnetic waves to the target position.
  • the above-mentioned first processor 301 is also used to control the plane wave generator 40 to generate plane electromagnetic waves according to the above-mentioned target position, and control the phase of each radiation unit 60 in the electromagnetic energy focuser 50, so that the wireless charging transmitter 10 will Electromagnetic waves are transmitted to the target location.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

一种电磁能量聚焦器（50）、平面波发生器（40）及无线充电发射器（10），涉及无线充电技术领域，可以解决无线充电发射器（10）只能将聚焦波束传输到特定位置问题。该电磁能量聚焦器（50）包括多个辐射单元（60），辐射单元（60）包括第一天线（601）、第二天线（602）、相位延迟线（606）、第一二极管（D1）、第二二极管（D2）、第三二极管（D3）和第四二极管（D4）；第一天线（601）包括第一天线本体（6011）和第一枝节（6012）；第二天线（602）包括第二天线本体（6021）、第二枝节（6022）和第三枝节（6023）；相位延迟线（606）分别与第三枝节（6023）和第二天线本体（6021）电连接；第一二极管（D1）分别与第一天线本体（6011）、第一枝节（6012）电连接，第二二极管（D2）分别与第一枝节（6012）、第一天线本体（6011）电连接；第三二极管（D3）分别与第二天线本体（6021）、第二枝节（6022）电连接；第四二极管（D4）分别与第二枝节（6022）、第三枝节（6023）电连接。

Description

电磁能量聚焦器、平面波发生器及无线充电发射器 技术领域
本申请涉及无线充电技术领域，尤其涉及一种电磁能量聚焦器、平面波发生器及无线充电发射器。
背景技术
无线功率传输(wireless power transfer，WPT)是一种不通过传输线来实现从发射源到无线充电接收器的能量无线传送技术。
WPT包括近场WPT和远场WPT。无线充电系统包括无线充电发射器和无线充电接收器，如图1所示，近场WPT是通过无线充电发射器中的发射线圈和无线充电接收器中的接收线圈配合各自的匹配网络而谐振在相同的频率，发射线圈和接收线圈再通过非辐射电磁场的耦合实现能量的有效传输。然而，近场WPT对发射线圈和接收线圈的相对位置非常敏感，若发射线圈和接收线圈的中心位置不对齐，则往往会造成整个无线充电系统的阻抗不匹配、频率偏移等，从而使得充电效率降低，这样就限制了近场WPT的应用。不同于近场WPT，远场WPT是通过可向外辐射的电磁波实现能量的传送，远场WPT技术可以根据需求对无线充电发射器发出电磁波进行调控，从而将电磁能量传输到特定方向或者聚焦到特定位置为无线充电接收器充电。
现有的无线充电发射器通过具有聚焦功能的微带阵列实现远场WPT，如图2所示，无线充电发射器包括微带阵列100，微带阵列100包括多个微带天线1001，每个微带天线1001包括固定的相位延迟线，通过相位延迟线实现每一个微带天线1001的相移，从而获得聚焦波束，这样可以使得微带阵列100具有聚焦功能。然而，由于现有的无线充电发射器只能将聚焦波束传输到特定的位置或方向，因而给实际应用带来了阻碍。
发明内容
本申请的实施例提供一种电磁能量聚焦器、平面波发生器及无线充电发射器，可以解决现有的无线充电发射器只能将聚焦波束传输到特定的位置或方向的问题。
为达到上述目的，本申请采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，提供一种电磁能量聚焦器，该电磁能量聚焦器包括包括多个辐射单元；辐射单元包括第一天线、第二天线、相位延迟线、第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管和第四二极管。其中，第一天线包括第一天线本体和第一枝节；第二天线与所述第一天线层叠设置，第二天线包括第二天线本体、第二枝节和第三枝节；相位延迟线分别与第三枝节和第二天线本体电连接；第一二极管设置于第一天线本体和第一枝节之间，第一二极管的第一极与第一天线本体电连接，第一二极管的第二极与第一枝节电连接；第二二极管设置于第一天线本体和第一枝节之间，第二二极管的第一极和第一枝节远离第一二极管的一端电连接，第二二极管的第二极与第一天线本体电连接，第一二极管的第二极和第二二极管的第一极分别与第一枝节的两端电连接。第三二极管设置于第二天线本体和第二枝节之间；第三二极管的第一极与第二天线本体电连接，第三二极管的第二极与第二枝节电连接。第四二极管设置于第二枝节和第三枝节之间； 第四二极管的第一极和第二枝节远离第三二极管的一端电连接，第四二极管的第二极和第三枝节电连接，第三二极管的第二极和第四二极管的第一极分别与第二枝节的两端电连接。在本申请中，由于辐射单元除了包括第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管和第四二极管外，还包括相位延迟线，而相位延迟线可以使得辐射单元辐射的电磁波的相位增加，因此通过控制第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管和第四二极管的导通和截止，可以使辐射单元辐射的电磁波具有四种相位，例如分别为0°、90°、180°或270°，因而在辐射单元应用于电磁能量聚焦器时，通过控制多个辐射单元的相位，从而可以使得多个辐射单元构成的超构表面形成不同的相位梯度，而不同的相位梯度对应不同的电磁波束聚焦位置，因此电磁能量聚焦器可以将电磁波聚焦到不同的位置，这样一来，电磁能量聚焦器便可以实现可变焦功能。此外，由于第一天线可以接收第二天线辐射的电磁波，或者，第二天线可以接收第一天线辐射的电磁波，因而辐射单元为可透射式辐射单元，即本申请提供的电磁能量聚焦器为透射式电磁能量聚焦器。在电磁能量聚焦器应用于无线充电发射器时，相对于相关技术提供的通过微带阵列实现可变聚焦的无线充电发射器而言，本申请提供的无线充电发射器在可以实现电磁波束动态聚焦的基础上，经济成本较低。另外，由于本申请提供的电磁能量聚焦器直接对从平面波发生器辐射的电磁波进行聚焦，相对于相关技术提供的无线充电发射利用有源超构表面反射后聚焦，因此在电磁能量聚焦器应用于无线充电发射器时，本申请提供的无线充电发射器不仅可以减小无线充电发射器的尺寸，而且可以避免馈源天线的遮挡，提供能量利用效率。
在一种可能的实施方式中，辐射单元还包括设置在第一天线与第二天线之间的第一地板；第一天线和第二天线在第一地板所在平面上的正投影均与第一地板具有重叠区域。在第一天线和第二天线之间设置第一地板，第一地板可以将第一天线和第二天线间隔开，避免第一天线和第二天线相互影响。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一天线在第一地板上的正投影和第二天线在第一地板上的正投影具有重叠区域。在第一天线和第二天线中一个用于作为接收天线，一个用于作为发射天线的情况下，当第一天线在第一地板上的正投影和第二天线在第一地板上的正投影具有重叠区域时，接收天线接收到发射天线发出的电磁波的效率更高。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一枝节和第二枝节电连接。由于第一二极管和第二二极管的第一极和第二极分别与第一天线本体、第一枝节电连接，第三二极管、第四二极管的第一极和第二极分别与第二枝节、第二天线本体电连接，若第一枝节和第二枝节电连接，则通过三个电压端便可以给第一天线本体、第一枝节和第二枝节、第二天线本体提供电压，从而可以控制第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管和第四二极管的导通和截止，相对于第一枝节和第二枝节不电连接时，可以减少一个电压端。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一二极管和第二二极管均为电流由第一极流向第二极时导通，由第二极流向第一极时截止。此时，第一二极管和第二二极管不同时导通和截止，即第一二极管导通，第二二极管截止；或者，第一二极管截止，第二二极管导通。这样可以确保辐射单元能够正常工作，即第一天线和第二天线中一个能接收电磁波，一个能发射电磁波。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第三二极管和第四二极管均为电流由第一极流向第二极时导通，由第二极流向第一极时截止。此时，第三二极管和第四二极管不同时导通 和截止，即第三二极管导通，第四二极管截止；或者，第三二极管截止，第四二极管导通。这样可以确保辐射单元能够正常工作，即第一天线和第二天线中一个能接收电磁波，一个能发射电磁波。
在一种可能的实施方式中，相位延迟线设置在第一天线和第二天线之间。若相位延迟线设置在第二天线远离第一天线的一侧，则由于相位延迟线和第二天线之间需要设置介质层，在第二天线用于作为发射天线的情况下，而介质层会影响发射天线辐射的电磁波，因此将相位延迟线设置在第一天线和第二天线之间，这样可以使第一天线和第二天线位于辐射单元的最外侧，因而可以避免介质层覆盖第一天线和第二天线，从而可以避免介质层影响第一天线或第二天线辐射的电磁波。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第二天线本体的形状为环状例如圆环状，第二枝节和第三枝节设置于第二天线本体内。在第二天线本体的形状为环状的情况下，可以确保第二天线本体在周围各个方向都可以辐射出电磁波。
在一种可能的实施方式中，相位延迟线包括相交的第一金属条和第二金属条；其中，第一金属条沿第二枝节和第三枝节排布的方向延伸；第一金属条的一端与第三枝节电连接，第一金属条的另一端与第二天线本体电连接。此处，第一金属条用于实现第三枝节和第二天线本体的电连接，第二金属条为了使沿第二金属条延伸方向，辐射单元中的金属尽可能均匀分布，且使得在第一金属条较短的情况下，还可以获得所需的相位延迟，例如90°相位延迟。而辐射单元中金属的均匀分布有利于辐射单元整体电容值以及电感值的均匀分布，进而可以确保辐射单元向各个方向辐射电磁波的能力是一样的。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一金属条和第二金属条相互垂直，即相位延迟线为十字型。第一金属条和第二金属条相互垂直可以使得辐射单元中的金属尽可能均匀分布。而辐射单元中金属的均匀分布有利于辐射单元整体电容值以及电感值的均匀分布，进而可以确保辐射单元向各个方向辐射电磁波的能力是一样的。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第二天线本体的形状为圆环状；第二天线本体远离相位延迟线的位置的圆环宽度大于第二天线本体靠近相位延迟线的位置的圆环宽度。由于设置相位延迟线后，第二天线本体靠近相位延迟线部分的金属分布密度会变大，当第二天线本体远离相位延迟线的位置的圆环宽度大于第二天线本体靠近相位延迟线的位置的圆环宽度时，可以使辐射单元中的金属尽可能均匀分布。而辐射单元中金属的均匀分布有利于辐射单元整体电容值以及电感值的均匀分布，进而可以确保辐射单元向各个方向辐射电磁波的能力是一样的。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一天线本体的形状为环状例如圆环状，第一枝节设置于第一天线本体内。在第一天线本体的形状为环状的情况下，可以确保第一天线本体在周围各个方向都可以辐射出电磁波。
在一种可能的实施方式中，辐射单元还包括第一电路，第一电路包括第一导线和第一隔绝交流结构；第一导线与第一天线本体电连接；第一隔绝交流结构与第一天线本体电连接，且第一隔绝交流结构在第一天线本体所在平面上的正投影与第一天线本体具有重叠区域。第一导线用于为第一天线本体提供电压。此外，由于第一隔绝交流结构在第一天线本体所在平面上的正投影与第一天线本体具有重叠区域，因此第一隔绝交流 结构和第一天线本体之间会形成电容，这样一来，第一导线上产生的交流信号流向第一隔绝交流结构时，交流信号可以通过第一隔绝交流结构和第一天线本体形成的电容耦合给第一天线本体，因而可以避免第一导线上产生的交流信号对第一天线本体辐射的电磁波的影响，进而可以避免对辐射单元辐射的电磁波的影响。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一天线具有第一对称轴；第一对称轴平行于第一二极管和第一枝节的排列方向；第一隔绝交流结构包括至少一个第一贴片组；每个第一贴片组包括两个关于第一对称轴对称设置的第一贴片。由于第一天线关于第一对称轴对称，第一贴片组关于第一对称轴对称，因此第一隔绝交流结构可以匹配第一天线，更好地避免第一导线上产生的交流信号对第一天线本体辐射的电磁波的影响。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一天线本体的形状为圆环状，第一枝节设置于第一天线本体内；第一贴片的形状为月牙形；月牙形的凹面相对于凸面靠近第一对称轴。在第一天线本体的形状为圆环状的情况下，若第一贴片的形状为月牙形，则第一隔绝交流结构隔绝第一导线上的交流信号的作用更明显。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一电路还包括与第一导线电连接的第一直流馈线；第一导线和第一直流馈线位于同一层。此处，第一直流馈线可以与控制电路电连接，用于给第一导线提供电压。在第一导线和第一直流馈线设置在同一层的情况下，可以减小辐射单元的厚度。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一电路还包括与第一导线电连接的第一直流馈线；第一导线和第一直流馈线位于不同层。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一导线构成的图案关于第一对称轴对称。这样可以确保辐射单元中金属分布的均匀性。
在一种可能的实施方式中，辐射单元还包括设置在第一天线和第二天线之间的第一地板和第二地板；第一天线和第二天线在第一地板所在平面上的正投影均与第一地板具有重叠区域，第一天线和第二天线在第二地板所在平面上的正投影均与第二地板具有重叠区域；第一直流馈线位于第一地板和第二地板之间。由于第一直流馈线位于第一地板和第二地板之间，因而第一地板和第二地板会防止第一直流馈线对第一天线、第二天线辐射的电磁波的相位和振幅的影响，从而保证了辐射单元的性能。
在一种可能的实施方式中，辐射单元还包括第二电路，第二电路包括第二导线、第三导线和第二隔绝交流结构；第二导线与第二天线本体电连接；第三导线与第二枝节电连接；第二隔绝交流结构和第二天线本体电连接，第二隔绝交流结构在第二天线本体所在平面上的正投影与第二天线本体具有重叠区域。此处，第二导线用于给第二天线本体提供电压，第三导线用于给第二枝节提供电压。此外，由于第二隔绝交流结构在第二天线本体所在平面上的正投影与第二天线本体具有重叠区域，因此第二隔绝交流结构和第二天线本体之间会形成电容，这样一来，第二导线和第三导线上产生的交流信号流向第二隔绝交流结构时，交流信号可以通过第二隔绝交流结构和第二天线本体形成的电容耦合给第二天线本体，因而可以避免第二导线和第三导线上产生的交流信号对第二天线本体辐射的电磁波的影响，进而可以避免对辐射单元辐射的电磁波的影响。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第二天线具有第二对称轴，第二对称轴平行于第二枝 节和第三枝节的排列方向；第二隔绝交流结构包括至少一个第二贴片组；每个第二贴片组包括两个关于第二对称轴对称设置的第二贴片。由于第二天线关于第二对称轴对称，第二贴片组关于第二对称轴对称，因此第二隔绝交流结构可以匹配第二天线，更好地避免第二导线和第三导线上产生的交流信号对第二天线本体辐射的电磁波的影响。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第二天线本体的形状为圆环状，第二枝节和第三枝节设置于第二天线本体内；第二贴片的形状为扇形；扇形的顶角相对于弧面靠近第二对称轴。在第二天线本体的形状为圆环状的情况下，若第二贴片的形状为扇形，则第二隔绝交流结构隔绝第二导线上的交流信号的作用更明显。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第二电路还包括与第二导线电连接的第二直流馈线；第二导线与第二直流馈线位于同一层。此处，第二直流馈线可以与控制电路电连接，用于给第二导线提供电压。在第二导线和第二直流馈线设置在同一层的情况下，可以减小辐射单元的厚度。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第二电路还包括与第二导线电连接的第二直流馈线；第二导线与第二直流馈线位于不同层。
在一种可能的实施方式中，辐射单元还包括设置在第一天线和第二天线之间的第一地板和第二地板；第一天线和第二天线在第一地板所在平面上的正投影均与第一地板具有重叠区域，第一天线和第二天线在第二地板所在平面上的正投影均与第二地板具有重叠区域；第二直流馈线位于第一地板和第二地板之间。这样第一地板和第二地板可以对第二直流馈线进行隔离，防止第二直流馈线影响第一天线和第二天线辐射的电磁波的相位和振幅。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第二导线构成的图案关于第二对称轴对称；和/或，第三导线构成的图案关于第二对称轴对称。这样可以确保辐射单元中金属分布的均匀性。
在一种可能的实施方式中，电磁能量聚焦器包括第一电路和第二电路；第一电路包括与第一天线本体电连接的第一导线；第二电路包括与第一天线本体电连接的第二导线以及第二枝节电连接的第三导线；电磁能量聚焦器还包括控制电路；控制电路包括多个移位寄存器、稳压模块以及第二处理器；多个移位寄存器和稳压模块均与第二处理器电连接；第二处理器用于控制移位寄存器输出第一电压或第二电压，且用于控制稳压模块输出第三电压；第三电压大于第一电压，且小于第二电压；其中，第一导线和第二导线分别与一个移位寄存器电连接，第三导线与稳压模块电连接。通过控制电路可以控制第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管和第四二极管的导通与截止。此外，本申请提供的控制电路不仅调试方便，且更简化，占用的空间尺寸更小。
第二方面，提供一种平面波发生器，该平面波发生器包括部分反射板、全反射板以及2n个馈源天线；部分反射板和全反射板形成谐振腔体，馈源天线位于谐振腔体内；馈源天线可以设置在部分反射板或全反射板上；馈源天线用于提供激励；全反射板用于向谐振腔体提供具有第一反射相位的电磁波；部分反射板用于向谐振腔体提供具有第二反射相位的电磁波，并将谐振腔体内的电磁波向谐振腔体外辐射；第一反射相位和第二反射相位之和的范围为(0°，180°]；其中，n≥2，n为正整数。由于全反射板提供的第一反射相位和部分反射板提供的第二反射相位之和的范围为(0°，180°]，因而可以确保平面波发生器的厚度较小。此外，由于平面波发生器包括2n个馈源天线，n≥ 2，n为正整数，因而谐振腔内获得足够的激励，2n个馈源天线产生的能量在部分反射板和全反射板进行多次反射，从而使得2n个馈源天线辐射的电磁波缓慢的从腔体内泄露出去，这样一来，便可以保证由谐振腔辐射出去的电磁波是均匀的，使其足够接近于平面波，基于此，本申请提供的平面波发生器可以发出平面波。且厚度较小，也就是说，本申请提供的平面波发生器为紧凑型平面波发生器。
在一种可能的实施方式中，部分反射板包括层叠设置的第一贴片层、第一介质层和第二贴片层；第一贴片层包括多个镂空区域；第二贴片层包括与镂空区域一一对应的多个第二贴片单元；第二贴片单元在第一贴片层上的正投影和与其对应的第一贴片层中的镂空区域具有重叠区域；镂空区域和第二贴片单元的形状均为矩形。通过调整第一贴片层中相邻镂空区域的中心之间的间距、相邻第二贴片单元中心之间的间距即第二贴片单元的周期、第一贴片层中的镂空区域和第二贴片单元的尺寸、第一介质层的厚度等可以改变部分反射板反射的电磁波的反射相位以及反射系数模值，可以使得部分反射板的反射系数足够大，即部分反射板具有较强的反射能力，且反射相位可以接近180°。此外，当第一贴片层的镂空区域和第二贴片单元的形状均为矩形，可以降低部分反射板的制作难度。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一贴片层的镂空区域和第二贴片单元的形状相同。在此情况下，可以降低部分反射板的制作难度。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一反射相位为0°，第二反射相位为180°；或者，第一反射相位为180°，第二反射相位为0°。一方面，可以降低平面波发生器的设计难度；另一方面，可以确保平面波发生器的厚度较小。
在一种可能的实施方式中，全反射板包括层叠设置的人工磁导体层、第四介质层和第三地板；人工磁导体层包括阵列分布的多个人工磁导体单元。当全反射板包括层叠设置的人工磁导体层、第四介质层和第三地板时，通过调整人工磁导体单元的形状或尺寸等，可以调整第一反射相位的大小，例如可以调整第一反射相位为0°。
在一种可能的实施方式中，平面波发生器包括四个馈源天线，平面波发生器还可以包括设置在第三地板远离第四介质层一侧的第五介质层和功分网络；功分网络包括第一功分器、第二功分器和第三功分器，第一功分器、第二功分器和第三功分器均包括第一分配端口、第二分配端口和合成端口；第一功分器的第一分配端口和第二功分器的合成端口电连接，第一功分器的第二分配端口和第三功分器的合成端口电连接；第二功分器和第三功分器的第一分配端口和第二分配端口分别与四个馈源天线一一对应电连接；第一功分器的合成端口与馈电端口电连接。由于四个馈源天线是通过功分网络进行供电，即四个馈源天线与同一馈电端口电连接，因此四个馈源天线的辐射相位是相同的。
第三方面，提供一种无线充电发射器，该无线充电发射器包括平面波发生器和电磁能量聚焦器；平面波发生器用于产生平面电磁波，且将平面电磁波辐射向电磁能量聚焦器；电磁能量聚焦器用于对平面电磁波进行调控，以将平面电磁波聚焦到特定位置或传送到特定方向；其中，电磁能量聚焦器为上述第一方面提供的电磁能量聚焦器；和/或，平面波发生器为上述第二方面提供的平面波发生器。由于无线充电发射器具有与上述第一方面提供的电磁能量聚焦器和上述第二方面提供的平面波发生器相同的技术效果，因而可以参考上述第一方面和第二方面的描述，此处不再赘述。
第四方面，一种无线充电发射器的控制方法，该控制方法包括：首先，获取目标位置，目标位置用于指示无线充电接收器的位置；接下来，根据目标位置，控制无线充电发射器将电磁波传输到目标位置处。由于无线充电发射器的控制方法具有与上述第一方面提供的电磁能量聚焦器和上述第二方面提供的平面波发生器相同的技术效果，因而可以参考上述第一方面和第二方面的描述，此处不再赘述。
在一种可能的实施方式中，根据根据目标位置，控制无线充电发射器将电磁波传输到目标位置处，包括：根据目标位置，控制平面波发生器产生平面电磁波，且控制电磁能量聚焦器中每个辐射单元的相位，使得无线充电发射器将电磁波传输到目标位置处。。由于控制电磁能量聚焦器中多个辐射单元中每个辐射单元的相位，可以得到不同的相位梯度，而不同的相位梯度对应不同的电磁波聚焦位置，因而根据获取到目标位置，控制多个辐射单元中每个辐射单元的相位，从而可以将电磁波传输到目标位置处，即传输到待充电的无线充电接收器所在位置处。
第五方面，提供一种控制装置，该控制装置包括第一处理器和存储器；存储器中存储有程序代码，程序代码被第一处理器执行时，以实现上述第四方面提供的控制方法。由于控制装置具有与上述第一方面提供的电磁能量聚焦器和上述第二方面提供的平面波发生器相同的技术效果，因而可以参考上述第一方面和第二方面的描述，此处不再赘述。
第六方面，提供一种无线充电系统，该无线充电系统包括无线充电发射器和至少一个无线充电接收器；无线充电发射器用于产生电磁波，为无线充电接收器充电；无线充电接收器包括电磁接收单元和与电磁接收单元电连接的电池，电磁接收单元用于接收无线充电发射器发出的电磁波，并将电磁波转换为电信号，电池接收所述电信号；其中，无线充电发射器为上述第三方面提供的无线充电发射器。可以参考上述第三方面相关技术效果的描述，此处不再赘述。
附图说明
图1为现有技术提供的一种近场WPT的结构示意图；
图2为现有技术提供的一种远场WPT的结构示意图；
图3为本申请的实施例提供的一种无线充电系统的结构示意图；
图4为本申请的实施例提供的一种无线充电接收器的结构示意图；
图5为相关技术提供的一种无线充电发射器的结构示意图；
图6为本申请的实施例提供的一种无线充电发射器的结构示意图；
图7a为本申请的实施例提供的一种全反射板的结构示意图；
图7b为本申请的实施例提供的一种人工磁导体层和馈源天线的结构示意图；
图8为本申请的实施例提供的一种功分网络的结构示意图；
图9a为本申请的实施例提供的一种电磁波频率为5.8GHz，沿xoz面的电场分布图；
图9b为本申请的实施例提供的一种电磁波频率为5.8GHz，沿yoz面的电场分布图；
图10为本申请的实施例提供的一种采用四个馈源天线时，法布里-珀罗谐振腔在不同电磁波频率下的能量反射参数图；
图11a为本申请的实施例提供的一种在不同的人工磁导体单元的边长下，反射系数的模值与电磁波频率的关系曲线图；
图11b为本申请的实施例提供的一种在不同的人工磁导体单元的边长L下，反射相位与电磁波频率的关系曲线图；
图12a为本申请的实施例提供的一种部分反射板的结构示意图；
图12b为本申请的实施例提供的一种第一贴片层的结构示意图；
图12c为本申请的实施例提供的一种第二贴片层的结构示意图；
图13a为本申请的实施例提供的一种部分反射板对应的幅频特性曲线图；
图13b为本申请的实施例提供的一种部分反射板对应的相频特性曲线图；
图14为本申请的实施例提供的一种电磁能量聚焦器的结构示意图；
图15为本申请的实施例提供的一种辐射单元的结构示意图；
图16a为本申请的实施例提供的一种从辐射单元的第一天线的一侧观看的辐射单元的结构示意图；
图16b为图16a中去除介质层后的结构示意图；
图17a为本申请的实施例提供的一种从辐射单元的第二天线的一侧观看的辐射单元的结构示意图；
图17b为图17a中去除介质层后的结构示意图；
图18为本申请的实施例提供的一种第一天线的结构示意图；
图19为本申请的实施例提供的一种第二天线的结构示意图；
图20为本申请的实施例提供的一种相位延迟线的结构示意图；
图21a为本申请的实施例提供的一种第一地板的结构示意图；
图21b为本申请的实施例提供的一种第二地板的结构示意图；
图22为本申请的实施例提供的一种第一电路的结构示意图；
图23为本申请的实施例提供的一种第二电路的结构示意图；
图24a为本申请的实施例提供的一种从辐射单元辐射的电磁波的相位为270°，不同直流馈线数量对应的振幅曲线图；
图24b为本申请的实施例提供的一种从辐射单元辐射的电磁波的相位为270°，不同直流馈线数量对应的的相位曲线图；
图25a为本申请的实施例提供的一种辐射单元的幅频特性曲线图；
图25b为本申请的实施例提供的一种辐射单元的相频特性曲线图；
图26为本申请的实施例提供的一种在XOZ平面，多个辐射单元构成的超构表面的中心的工作频率在5.8GHz附近的电场聚焦特性图；
图27为本申请的实施例提供的一种在焦平面，多个辐射单元构成的超构表面的中心的工作频率在5.8GHz附近的电场聚焦特性图；
图28a为本申请的实施例提供的一种多个辐射单元构成的超构表面的随频率变化的3dB聚焦效率曲线图；
图28b为本申请的实施例提供的一种多个辐射单元构成的超构表面的随频率变化的艾里斑聚焦效率曲线图；
图29为本申请的实施例提供的一种控制电路的结构示意图；
图30为本申请的另一实施例提供的一种辐射单元的结构示意图；
图31a为本申请的另一实施例提供的一种辐射单元的幅频特性曲线图；
图31b为本申请的另一实施例提供的一种辐射单元的相频特性曲线图；
图32为本申请的另一实施例提供的一种第二天线的结构示意图；
图33为本申请的又一实施例提供的一种第二天线的结构示意图；
图34为本申请的又一实施例提供的一种第二天线的结构示意图；
图35为本申请的另一实施例提供的一种第一天线的结构示意图；
图36为本申请的实施例提供的一种无线充电发射器的控制方法的流程示意图。
附图标记：1-无线充电系统；10-无线充电发射器；20-无线充电接收器；30-控制装置；40-平面波发生器；50-电磁能量聚焦器；60-辐射单元；70-控制电路；100-微带阵列；200-有源超构单元；201-电磁接收单元；202-电池；301-第一处理器；302-存储器；401-全反射板；402-部分反射板；601-第一天线；602-第二天线；603-第一地板；604-第六介质层；605-第七介质层；606-相位延迟线；607-第八介质层；608-第一电路；609-第三介质层；610-第九介质层；611-第二地板；612-第十一介质层；613-第二电路；614-第二介质层；615-第十三介质层；701-移位寄存器集群；702-稳压模块；703-第二处理器；1001-微带天线；1011-第一贴片层；1011a-镂空区域；1012-第一介质层；1013-第二贴片层；1013a-第二贴片单元；1024-功分网络；1024a-第一功分器；1024b-第二功分器；1024c-第三功分器；2011-接收天线；2012-整流电路；4011-人工磁导体层；4011a-馈源天线；4011b-人工磁导体单元；4012-第四介质层；4013-第三地板；4014-馈电端口；4015-第五介质层；4016-功分网络；6011-第一天线本体；6012-第一枝节；6013-第四枝节；6014-第五枝节；6021-第二天线本体；6022-第二枝节；6023-第三枝节；6024-第六枝节；6025-第七枝节；6031-第一圆环状的通孔；6111-第二圆环状的通孔；6061-第一金属条；6062-第二金属条；6081-第一导线；6082-第一直流馈线；6083-第一隔绝交流结构；6131-第二导线；6132-第三导线；6133-第二直流馈线；6134-第三直流馈线；6135-第二隔绝交流结构；7011-移位寄存器。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
以下，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述方便，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本申请实施例中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“耦合”可以是直接的耦合，也可以通过中间媒介间接的耦合。
在本申请实施例中，“示例性的”或者“例如”等词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请实施例中被描述为“示例性的”或者“例如”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其它实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言，使用“示例性的”或“例如”等词旨在以具体方式呈现相关概念。
在本申请实施例中，“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B的情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请的实施例提供一种无线充电系统，如图3所示，该无线充电系统1包括无 线充电发射器10和至少一个无线充电接收器20；无线充电发射器10用于为无线充电接收器20进行充电。
此处，无线充电接收器20例如可以为手机(mobile phone)、蓝牙音箱、笔记本电脑、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、平板电脑(pad)、智能穿戴产品(例如，智能手表、智能手环)、车载设备等不同类型的用户设备或者终端设备。本申请实施例对无线充电接收器的具体形式不作特殊限制。
此外，无线充电系统1可以包括一个无线充电接收器20，也可以包括两个或两个以上无线充电接收器20。
可以理解的是，无线充电发射器10可以对多个无线充电接收器20同时进行充电，也可以对多个无线充电接收器20中的一个进行充电。
无线充电系统可以利用WPT技术实现能量的传输，WPT包括近场WPT和远场WPT，由于近场WPT不利于无线充电发射器和无线充电接收器的小型化、集成化，且利用近场WPT实现能量传输时，若无线充电发射器的发射线圈和无线充电接收器的接收线圈的中心位置不对齐，则往往会造成整个无线充电系统的阻抗不匹配、频率偏移等，从而使得充电效率降低。基于此，本申请提供的无线充电系统采用远场WPT实现能量传输。
可以理解的是，远场WPT可以通过电磁波实现能量的传送，不同于近场WPT，远场WPT技术可以根据需求对电磁波发射源进行调控，从而将电磁能量传输到特定方向或者是聚焦到特定位置，以为无线充电接收器20充电。
在无线充电系统采用远场WPT的情况下，上述无线充电发射器10用于产生电磁波，为无线充电接收器20充电。
如图4所示，上述无线充电接收器20包括电磁接收单元201和与电磁接收单元201电连接的电池202，电磁接收单元201用于接收无线充电发射器10发出的电磁波，并将电磁波转换为电信号，电池202接收电信号，从而为无线充电接收器20供电。其中，电磁接收单元201可以包括接收天线2011和与接收天线2011电连接的整流电路2012，接收天线2011用于接收电磁波，整流电路2012用于将接收天线2011接收到的电磁波转换为电信号。
可以理解的是，无线充电发射器10发出的电磁波的电磁能量应能够传输到特定方向或者是聚焦到特定位置，这样才能为无线充电接收器20充电。基于此，在一些示例中，如图3所示，无线充电系统1还包括控制装置30，控制装置30包括第一处理器301和存储器302，存储器302中存储有程序代码，程序代码被第一处理器301执行时，第一处理器301用于获取目标位置，目标位置用于指示无线充电接收器20的位置，并根据上述目标位置，控制无线充电发射器10将电磁波传输到目标位置处。
此处，控制装置30可以集成在无线充电发射器10上，也可以独立于无线充电发射器10之外。
由于无线充电发射器10产生的电磁波需要传输到待充电的无线充电接收器所在位置处，为待充电的无线充电接收器20进行充电，因此上述无线充电发射器10应具有电磁波聚焦功能，也就是说，无线充电发射器10可以将产生的电磁波聚焦到特定的位置。在此基础上，考虑到待充电的无线充电接收器20的位置可能会发生变化，且不同待充电的 无线充电接收器20的位置可能不同，若无线充电发射器10产生的电磁波只能聚焦到一个特定的位置，则会限制无线充电发射器10的应用，基于此，无线充电发射器10产生的电磁波应可以聚焦到不同的位置，也就是说，无线充电发射器10应具有动态聚焦功能，即，具有实时调控电磁波束的能力。
相关技术提供一种无线充电发射器，该无线充电发射器通过具有聚焦功能的微带阵列实现远场WPT，无线充电发射器包括微带阵列，微带阵列包括多个微带天线，每个微带天线包括相位延迟线，通过相位延迟线实现每一个微带天线的相移，从而获得聚焦波束，这样可以使得微带阵列具有聚焦功能。在此基础上，每一个微带天线上设置有可变相移器，这样可以实现波束动态聚焦。但是每个微带天线上增加可变相移器，这会带来较为高昂的经济成本。
相关技术还提供另一种无线充电发射器，该无线充电发射器通过多个有源超构表面获得实时的波束调控能力。如图5所示，无线充电发射器包括多个馈源天线和有源超构表面，有源超构表面包括多个有源超构单元200，馈源天线用于提供激励源，多个有源超构单元200都是反射式的，馈源天线发射的电磁波经过有源超构表面的有源超构单元200的反射后可以向不同的位置反射聚焦，从而得到多个聚焦位置，例如聚焦位置1、聚焦位置2和聚焦位置3。然而，由于多个有源超构单元200都是反射式的，且馈源天线占用了一些反射位置，因而馈源天线会阻挡反射到馈源天线位置处的电磁能量的传播。此外，馈源天线往往距离有源超构表面数倍波长，这会导致无线充电发射器具有较大的剖面，不利于集成化、小型化。
为了解决上述相关技术提供的无线充电发射器存在的问题，本申请实施例提供一种无线充电发射器，该无线充电发射器可以应用于上述的无线充电系统1中。如图6所示，无线充电发射器10包括平面波发生器40和电磁能量聚焦器50；其中，平面波发生器40用于产生平面电磁波，且将平面电磁波辐射向电磁能量聚焦器50；电磁能量聚焦器50用于对平面电磁波进行调控，以将平面电磁波聚焦到特定位置或传送到特定方向。
以下对平面波发生器40和电磁能量聚焦器50分别进行示例性介绍。
请继续参考图6，上述平面波发生器40包括全反射板401和部分反射板402；部分反射板402和全反射板401形成谐振腔体，也可以称为法布里-珀罗谐振腔。其中，全反射板401用于向谐振腔体提供具有第一反射相位的电磁波；部分反射板402用于向谐振腔体提供具有第二反射相位的电磁波，并将谐振腔体内的电磁波向谐振腔体外辐射。上述平面波发生器40还包括2n个馈源天线，其中，n≥2，n为正整数。馈源天线位于谐振腔体内，馈源天线用于提供激励。
此处，馈源天线位于谐振腔体内，馈源天线可以设置在全反射板401或部分反射板402上。
可以理解的是，在平面波发生器40应用于无线充电发射器10中的情况下，部分反射板402相对于全反射板401靠近电磁能量聚焦器50。
需要说明的是，平面波发生器40在设计时，平面波发生器40的厚度，即法布里-珀罗谐振腔的厚度h是非常重要的一个参数。法布里-珀罗谐振腔的厚度h可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2021121422-appb-000001
其中，λ为电磁波的波长，R φPRS为部分反射板402提供的第二反射相位，R φGP为全反射板401提供的第一反射相位。若n＝0，此时，法布里-珀罗谐振腔的厚度h完全取决于部分反射板402提供的第二反射相位和全反射板401提供的第一反射相位之和。
由于平面波发生器40的厚度越大，即法布里-珀罗谐振腔的厚度h越大，在平面波发生器40应用于无线充电发射器10中时，越不利于无线充电发射器10的轻薄化，因此最为理想的情况便是R φPRS+R φGP＝0，此时，谐振腔的厚度h＝0。然而，这在物理上是不可实现的。此外，当平面波发生器40的厚度越小，即法布里-珀罗谐振腔的厚度h越小，则全反射板401和部分反射板402之间的距离越小，两者的耦合也会增大，不方便平面波发生器40性能的优化和调试。基于此，在一些示例中，全反射板401提供的第一反射相位R φGP和部分反射板402提供的第二反射相位R φPRS之和的范围为(0°，180°]，也就是说，全反射板401提供的第一反射相位R φGP和部分反射板402提供的第二反射相位R φPRS之和大于0，且小于或等于180°。
在此基础上，为了设计简单，在一些示例中，上述第一反射相位R φGP为0°，上述第二反射相位R φPRS为180°，若n＝0，此时h＝λ/4。在另一些示例中，上述第一反射相位R φGP为180°，上述第二反射相位R φPRS为0°，若n＝0，此时h＝λ/4。下文中以上述第一反射相位R φGP为0°，上述第二反射相位R φPRS为180°为例进行说明。
如图7a所示，上述全反射板401包括层叠设置的人工磁导体层4011、第四介质层4012和第三地板4013；如图7b所示，人工磁导体层4011包括阵列分布的多个人工磁导体单元4011b。上述的馈源天线4011a可以设置在第四介质层4012远离第三地板4013的一侧，如图7b所示，多个人工磁导体单元4011b可以分布在2n个馈源天线4011a的周围。如图7b所示，上述平面波发生器40还包括馈电端口4014；馈源天线4011a与馈电端口4014电连接。
在本申请中，“地板”指的是用于接地的板子，或者用于施加固定电压的板子。
此处，人工磁导体层4011相对于第三地板4013靠近部分反射板402。
上述第三地板4013的材料为金属，第四介质层4012的材料为绝缘材料，第四介质层4012用于将人工磁导体层4011和第三地板4013进行电学隔离。
此外，上述馈源天线4011a例如可以为贴片馈源天线。
在本申请中，由于上述平面波发生器40包括2n个馈源天线4011a，其中，n≥2，n为正整数，因而利用2n个馈源天线4011a提供激励源，这样可以使法布里-珀罗谐振腔内获得足够的激励。在此基础上，为了在法布里-珀罗谐振腔内获得均匀的激励，2n个馈源天线4011a应当尽可能地分散在谐振腔内的各个位置，而馈源天线4011a又不能够太接近于谐振腔的边缘，以避免馈源天线4011a辐射的能量过多的从谐振腔的边缘泄露出去。
在一些示例中，如图7b所示，上述平面波发生器40包括四个馈源天线4011a，在此情况下，四个馈源天线4011a可以按照2*2阵列的方式排布在第四介质层4012的中间位置。
为了保证上述2n个馈源天线4011a的辐射相位是一致的，如图7a所示，上述平面波发生器40还可以包括设置在第三地板4013远离第四介质层4012一侧的第五介质层4015和功分网络4016；第五介质层4015位于第三地板4013和功分网络4016之间。第五介质层4015用于将第三地板4013和功分网络4016进行电学隔离，通过功分网络4016为上述2n个馈源天线4011a进行馈电。
在上述平面波发生器40包括四个馈源天线4011a的情况下，功分网络1024例如可以是一个由三个功分器组成的具有五端口的网络。示例的，如图8所示，功分网络1024包括第一功分器1024a、第二功分器1024b和第三功分器1024c，第一功分器1024a、第二功分器1024b和第三功分器1024c均包括第一分配端口、第二分配端口和合成端口；第一功分器1024a的第一分配端口和第二功分器1024b的合成端口电连接，第一功分器1024a的第二分配端口和第三功分器1024c的合成端口电连接；第二功分器1024b和第三功分器1024c的第一分配端口和第二分配端口分别与四个馈源天线4011a一一对应电连接；第一功分器1024a的合成端口与馈电端口4014电连接。
可以理解的是，第二功分器1024b和第三功分器1024c的第一分配端口和第二分配端口通过第五介质层4015、第三地板4013和第四介质层4012上的过孔与四个馈源天线4011a一一对应电连接，且第二功分器1024b和第三功分器1024c的第一分配端口和第二分配端口、以及四个馈源天线4011a均与第三地板4013不电连接。
由于四个馈源天线4011a是通过同一馈电端口4014进行供电，因此四个馈源天线4011a的辐射相位是相同的。
以四个馈源天线4011a和多个人工磁导体单元4011b按照图7b所示的方式排布，且通过如图8所示的功分网络1024为四个馈源天线4011a进行馈电为例，图9a提供了法布里-珀罗谐振腔在电磁波频率为5.8GHz时，沿xoz面的电场分布，图9b提供了法布里-珀罗谐振腔在电磁波频率为5.8GHz时，沿yoz面的电场分布。从图9a和图9b中可以看出，采用四个馈源天线4011a时，法布里-珀罗谐振腔产生的电场无论是相位还是振幅都更加的均匀，因此四个馈源天线4011a可以满足平面波发生器40的设计要求。
图10提供了采用四个馈源天线4011a时，法布里-珀罗谐振腔在不同电磁波频率下的S11(能量反射)参数。需要说明的是，S11参数表征的是被反射回馈电端口的电磁能量占馈电端口4014提供的电磁能量的比例。从图10可以看出，当采用四个馈源天线4011a，且电磁波频率为5.9GHz时，S11参数较小，即当电磁波频率为5.9GHz时，被反射回馈电端口的电磁能量最少，同时考虑到谐振腔本身的损耗较少，所以更多的电磁能量可以从谐振腔体辐射出去。
需要说明的是，对于上述的人工磁导体层4011中的人工磁导体单元4011b的形状不进行限定，人工磁导体单元4011b的形状例如可以为矩形(例如正方形、长方形)、圆形、三角形、其它规则或不规则的形状。通过改变人工磁导体单元4011b的形状和尺寸等，全反射板401可以使谐振腔体内的电磁波以不同的第一反射相位反射至谐振腔体内。
以人工磁导体层4011中相邻人工磁导体单元4011b中心之间的间距为13mm，即人工磁导体单元4011b的周期为13mm，第四介质层4012的厚度为3.175mm，第四介质层4012的相对介电常数为2.2，且人工磁导体单元4011b为正方形为例，在此情况下，经过仿真得到在不同的人工磁导体单元4011b的边长L下，幅频特性曲线如图11a所示，在不同的人工磁导体单元4011b的边长L下，相频特性曲线如图11b所示。其中，图11a中纵坐标“|S 11|”表示幅度值，图11b中纵坐标“∠S 11”表示相位值。在本申请说明书附图中，相关附图的纵坐标“|S 11|”均表示幅度值，相关附图的纵坐标“∠S 11”均表示相位值，下文不再赘述。
从图11a看出，当正方形的人工磁导体单元4011b的边长L变化时，人工磁导体的反 射系数的模值几乎保持为1，因此全反射板401具有较强的反射能力，全反射板401可以使电磁波多次反射向谐振腔体内，这样馈源天线4011a产生的能量会在部分反射板402和全反射板401进行多次反射，从而使得馈源天线4011a辐射的电磁波缓慢的从腔体内泄露出去，保证由谐振腔辐射出去的电磁波是均匀的，使其足够接近于平面波。从图11b可以看出，人工磁导体的反射相位则随着L变化而变化，当L＝10.8mm，入射的电磁波的频率为5.8GHz时，其反射相位接近于为0，也就是说，当L＝10.8mm，入射的电磁波的频率为5.8GHz时，全反射板401可以向谐振腔体提供第一反射相位R φGP为0的电磁波。
基于上述可知，由于全反射板401提供的第一反射相位R φGP和部分反射板402提供的第二反射相位R φPRS之和的范围为(0°，180°]，因而可以确保平面波发生器40的厚度较小。此外，由于平面波发生器40包括2n个馈源天线4011a，n≥2，n为正整数，因而谐振腔内获得足够的激励，2n个馈源天线4011a产生的能量在部分反射板402和全反射板401进行多次反射，从而使得2n个馈源天线4011a辐射的电磁波缓慢的从腔体内泄露出去，这样一来，便可以保证由谐振腔辐射出去的电磁波是均匀的，使其足够接近于平面波，基于此，本申请实施例提供的平面波发生器40可以发出平面波。且厚度较小，也就是说，本申请实施例提供的平面波发生器40为紧凑型平面波发生器。
如图12a所示，部分反射板402包括层叠设置的第一贴片层1011、第一介质层1012和第二贴片层1013；如图12b所示，第一贴片层1011包括多个镂空区域1011a；如图12c所示，第二贴片层1013包括与镂空区域1011a一一对应的多个第二贴片单元1013a；其中，第二贴片单元1013a在第一贴片层1011上的正投影和与其对应的镂空区域1011a具有重叠区域。
在本申请中，“正投影”也可以称为“垂直投影”，指的是平行投射线垂直于投影面。
需要说明的是，可以是第一贴片层1011相对于第二贴片层1013靠近全反射板401，也可以是第二贴片层1013相对于第一贴片层1011靠近全反射板401。
此处，可以是第二贴片单元1013a在第一贴片层1011上的正投影位于与其对应的镂空区域1011a内；也可以是第二贴片单元1013a在第一贴片层1011上的正投影的边界和与其对应的镂空区域1011a的边界重叠；当然还可以是，第二贴片单元1013a在第一贴片层1011上的正投影覆盖与其对应的镂空区域1011a以及第一贴片层1011的至少部分。
此外，对于第一贴片层1011中的镂空区域1011a和第二贴片单元1013a的形状不进行限定，例如可以为矩形(例如正方形、长方形)、圆形、三角形、其它规则或不规则的形状。当第一贴片层1011中的镂空区域1011a和第二贴片单元1013a的形状为矩形时，可以降低上述的部分反射板402的制作难度。
另外，第一贴片层1011的镂空区域1011a和第二贴片单元1013a的形状可以相同，也可以不相同。在一些示例中，第一贴片层1011的镂空区域1011a和第二贴片单元1013a的形状相同，例如均为矩形。
需要说明的是，通过改变第一贴片层1011中相邻镂空区域1011a中心之间的间距、相邻第二贴片单元1013a中心之间的间距即第二贴片单元1013a的周期、镂空区域1011a和第二贴片单元1013a的形状和尺寸、第一介质层1012的厚度等可以改变部分反射板402反射的电磁波的反射相位以及反射系数模值。基于此，通过调整以上参数，部分反射板402可以向谐振腔体提供第二反射相位R φPRS为180°的电磁波。
另外，当部分反射板402的反射系数足够大时，由于部分反射板402可以使电磁波多次反射向全反射板401，这样馈源天线4011a产生的能量会在部分反射板402和全反射板401进行多次反射，从而使得馈源天线4011a辐射的电磁波缓慢的从腔体内泄露出去，保证由谐振腔辐射出去的电磁波是均匀的，使其足够接近于平面波。基于上述，本申请提供的平面波发生器40可以获得近似平面波的均匀激励。
以相邻第一贴片层1011中相邻镂空区域1011a的中心之间的间距和相邻第二贴片单元1013a中心之间的间距均为15mm，即镂空区域1011a和第二贴片单元1013a的周期为15mm，第一贴片层1011中的镂空区域1011a和第二贴片单元1013a的形状均为矩形，且镂空区域1011a和第二贴片单元1013a的边长均为7.5mm，第一介质层1012的厚度为3.175mm为例，在此情况下，经过仿真得到部分反射板402对应的幅频特性曲线如图13a所示，部分反射板402对应的相频特性曲线如图13b所示。从图13a可以看到，部分反射板402的反射系数在较宽的频带范围内都保持了一个较高的反射系数(>0.935)，从图13b可以看到，反射相位也在较宽的频带范围内接近于180°。基于上述可以看出，在部分反射板402采用上述结构时，通过调整各个参数可以使得部分反射板402的反射系数足够大，且可以调整得到接近于180°的反射相位。
应当理解到，在本申请实施例中，平面波发生器40的结构包括但不限于上述介绍的结构，以能产生平面电磁波为准。
如图14所示，电磁能量聚焦器50包括多个辐射单元60，多个辐射单元60组成超构表面，超构表面也可以称为可重构透射式超构表面；其中，每个辐射单元60都可以辐射出至少两种相位的电磁波。
此处，对于辐射单元60的数量、多个辐射单元60的排布方式、以及相邻辐射单元60的中心之间的间距即辐射单元60的周期不进行限定，可以根据需要进行设置。
示例的，电磁能量聚焦器50可以包括13×13个阵列分布的辐射单元60，即包括169个辐射单元60，相邻两个辐射单元60的中心之间的间距为22.5mm，这样形成的整个超构表面的大小为292.5mm×292.5mm。
需要说明的是，在电磁能量聚焦器50中，从相邻辐射单元60辐射出的电磁波的相位差即相位梯度在电磁能量聚焦器50中起到主要作用，多个辐射单元60只要满足所需的相位梯度，电磁能量聚焦器50就能实现对于入射电磁波的有效聚焦，而通过改变相位梯度，电磁能量聚焦器50就能实现可变焦功能。本申请实施例提供的电磁能量聚焦器50能实现对入射的电磁波进行有效聚焦，且能实现可变焦功能(即可以将电磁波聚焦到不同位置)的原因在于，由于每个辐射单元60都可以辐射出至少两种相位的电磁波，因而多个辐射单元60构成的超构表面可以形成不同的相位梯度，进而电磁能量聚焦器50可以将电磁波聚焦到不同的位置。
基于上述电磁能量聚焦器50的可变焦原理，可以理解的是，上述控制装置30中的第一处理器301获取到待充电的无线充电接收器的位置后，根据获取到的待充电的无线充电接收器的位置得到相位梯度，进而根据相位梯度得到每个辐射单元60辐射出的电磁波的相位，从而将电磁波传输到充电的无线充电接收器所在位置处。基于此，辐射单元6能够辐射出至少两种相位的电磁波的电磁能量聚焦器50的可变焦的关键因素。
以下通过几个具体的实施例对辐射单元60进行详细介绍。
实施例一
如图15所示，每个辐射单元60包括层叠设置的第一天线601和第二天线602，以及设置于第一天线601和第二天线602之间的第一地板603，也就是说，第一天线601和第二天线602分别位于第一地板603的两侧。
此处，在第一天线601和第二天线602之间设置第一地板603，第一地板603的作用是为了防止第一天线601和第二天线602相互干扰。为了能够达到该作用，因此第一天线601和第二天线602在第一地板603所在平面上的正投影均与第一地板603具有重叠区域。
由于第一天线601和第一地板603之间相互绝缘，第二天线602和第一地板603之间相互绝缘，因此如图15所示，每个辐射单元60还包括设置在第一天线601和第一地板603之间的第六介质层604以及设置在第二天线602和第一地板603之间的第七介质层605。可以理解的是，在本申请中，多个辐射单元60中相同的介质层可以连接在一起构成一整层，例如多个辐射单元60的第六介质层604可以连接在一起构成一整层，多个辐射单元60的第七介质层605可以连接在一起构成一整层。
需要说明的是，可以是第一天线601为接收天线，第二天线602为发射天线；也可以是第一天线601为发射天线，第二天线602为接收天线。接收天线用于吸收入射的电磁能量，发射天线用于将接收天线吸收的电磁能量辐射出去。
此外，在一些示例中，第一天线601在第一地板603上的正投影和第二天线602在第一地板603上的正投影具有重叠区域。在第一天线601和第二天线603中一个用于作为接收天线，一个用于作为发射天线的情况下，当第一天线601在第一地板603上的正投影和第二天线602在第一地板603上的正投影具有重叠区域时，接收天线接收到发射天线发出的电磁波的效率更高。
在电磁能量聚焦器50应用于无线充电发射器10中的情况下，接收天线相对于发射天线靠近平面波发生器40。
图16a为从辐射单元60的第一天线601的一侧观看的辐射单元60的结构示意图；图16b为去除辐射单元60中的介质层后，从辐射单元60的第一天线601的一侧观看的辐射单元60的结构示意图；图17a为从辐射单元60的第二天线602的一侧观看的辐射单元60的结构示意图；图17b为去除辐射单元60中的介质层后，从辐射单元60的第二天线602的一侧观看的辐射单元60的结构示意图。
如图18所示，第一天线601包括第一天线本体6011和第一枝节6012，第一天线本体6011和第一枝节6012不接触。
需要说明的是，图18～图23中的Z坐标均表示垂直纸面向外。此处，第一天线本体6011的形状例如可以为环状(例如圆环状、椭圆环状)、U型或L型等。
可以理解的是，在第一天线本体6011的形状为环状的情况下，可以确保第一天线本体6011在周围各个方向都可以辐射出电磁波。
为了确保从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的均匀性，因此在设计第一天线本体6011的形状时，第一天线本体6011在其所在的平面上，对于第一天线本体6011的中心而言，金属的分布应可能地均匀，基于此，在一些示例中，如图18所示，第一天线本体6011的形状为圆环形，在此情况下，第一枝节6012可以设置于圆环内。
为了实现第一枝节6012与第一天线本体6011的电连接，请继续参考图16a和图 16b，上述辐射单元60还包括第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2；第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2均设置于第一天线本体6011和第一枝节6011之间，第一二极管D1的第一极与第一天线本体6011电连接，第一二极管D1的第二极与第一枝节6012电连接；第二二极管D2的第一极和第一枝节6012远离第一二极管D1的一端电连接，第二二极管D2的第二极与第一天线本体6011电连接。
在设计第一天线601时，考虑到第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2到第一天线本体6011的距离若太近，则第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2可能会干扰到第一天线本体6011。基于此，在一些示例中，如图18所示，第一天线601还包括与第一天线本体6011接触的第四枝节6013和第五枝节6014，第四枝节6013设置于第一二极管D1和第一天线本体6011之间，如图16a和图16b所示，第一二极管D1的第一极与第四枝节6013电连接，第五枝节6014设置于第二二极管D2和第一天线本体6011之间，第二二极管D2的第二极与第五枝节6014电连接。
基于上述第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2的连接关系，第一二极管D1的第一极与第一天线本体6011电连接，第一二极管D1的第二极与第一枝节6012电连接，第二二极管D2的第一极和第一枝节6012电连接，第二二极管D2的第二极与第一天线本体6011电连接，为了确保辐射单元60能够工作，即上述第一天线601和第二天线602中一个能接收电磁波，一个能发射电磁波，因此第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2均为电流由第一极流向第二极时导通，由第二极流向第一极时截止，则第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2不同时导通或截止，即第一二极管D1导通，第二二极管D2截止，或者，第一二极管D1截止，第二二极管D2导通。
可以理解的是，第一天线601中用于辐射电磁波的部分的形状不同，则第一天线601对应不同的电流分布不同。而对于第一天线601，由于在第一状态(第一二极管D1导通，第二二极管D2截止)和第二状态(第一二极管D1截止，第二二极管D2导通)下，第一天线601中用于辐射电磁波的部分的形状不同，因此在第一状态和第二状态下，第一天线601分别对应不同的电流分布，而第一天线601上电流分布的不同会影响从辐射单元60出射的电磁波的相位。
如图19所示，第二天线602包括第二天线本体6021、第二枝节6022和第三枝节6023；第二枝节6022和第三枝节6023均与第二天线本体6021不接触。
此处，第二天线本体6021的形状例如可以为环状(例如圆环状、椭圆环状)、U型或L型等。
可以理解的是，在第二天线本体6021的形状为环状的情况下，可以确保第二天线本体6021在周围各个方向都可以辐射出电磁波。
为了确保从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的均匀性，因此在设计第二天线本体6021的形状时，第二天线本体6021在其所在的平面上，对于第二天线本体6021的中心而言，金属的分布应可能地均匀，基于此，在一些示例中，如图19所示，第二天线本体6021的形状为圆环形，在此情况下，第二枝节6022和第三枝节6023可以设置于圆环内。
为了实现第二枝节6022、第三枝节6023与第二天线本体6021的电连接，请继续参考图17a和图17b，上述辐射单元60还包括第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4；第三二极管D3设置于第二天线本体6021和第二枝节6022之间，第三二极管D3的第一极与第二天 线本体6021电连接，第三二极管D3的第二极与第二枝节6022电连接；第四二极管D4设置于第二枝节6022和第三枝节6023之间，第四二极管D4的第一极和第二枝节6022远离第三二极管D3的一端电连接，第四二极管D4的第二极和第三枝节6023电连接。
由于第三二极管D3设置于第二天线本体6021和第二枝节6022之间，在设计第二天线602时，考虑到第三二极管D3到第二天线本体6021的距离若太近，则第三二极管D3可能会干扰到第二天线本体6021。基于此，如图17a、图17b以及图19所示，第二天线602还包括与第二天线本体6021接触的第六枝节6024，第三二极管D3设置于第六枝节6024和第二枝节6022之间，第三二极管D3的第一极与第六枝节6024电连接。
在本实施例一中，如图15所示，辐射单元60还包括相位延迟线606，相位延迟线606分别与第三枝节6023和第二天线本体6021电连接。
此处，相位延迟线606例如可以为90°相位延迟线。
此外，相位延迟线606的位置可以根据需要进行设置。相位延迟线606可以设置在第一天线601和第二天线602之间；也可以设置在第二天线602远离第一天线601的一侧。
考虑到若相位延迟线606设置在第二天线602远离第一天线601的一侧，则由于相位延迟线606和第二天线602之间需要设置介质层，在第二天线602用于作为发射天线的情况下，而介质层会影响发射天线辐射的电磁波，因此在一些示例中，将相位延迟线606设置在第一天线601和第二天线602之间，这样可以使第一天线601和第二天线602位于辐射单元60的最外侧，因而可以避免介质层覆盖第一天线601和第二天线602，从而可以避免介质层影响第一天线601或第二天线602辐射的电磁波。
在相位延迟线606设置在第一天线601和第二天线602之间的情况下，在一些示例中，相位延迟线606位于第二天线602和第一地板603之间。
需要说明的是，如图15所示，在第七介质层605位于第二天线602和相位延迟线606之间的情况下，辐射单元60还包括设置在相位延迟线606和第一地板603之间的第八介质层607。
在一些示例中，如图19所示，第二天线602还包括与第二天线本体6021接触的第七枝节6025，相位延迟线606的一端与第三枝节6023电连接，另一端与第七枝节6025电连接。在第二天线本体6021为环状的情况下，第七枝节6025可以设置在第二天线本体6021内，也可以是设置在第二天线本体6021外。
由于第三枝节6023通过相位延迟线606和第二天线本体6021电连接，因此第四二极管D4的第二极和第三枝节6023电连接，即第四二极管D4的第二极和第二天线本体6021电连接。基于上述第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4的连接关系，第三二极管D3的第一极与第二天线本体6021电连接，第三二极管D3的第二极与第二枝节6022电连接，第四二极管D4的第一极和第二枝节6022电连接，第四二极管D4的第二极和第二天线本体6021电连接，为了确保辐射单元60能够工作，即上述第一天线601和第二天线602中一个能接收电磁波，一个能发射电磁波，因此第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4均为电流由第一极流向第二极时导通，由第二极流向第一极时截止，则第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4不同时导通或截止，即第三二极管D3导通，第四二极管D4截止，或者，第三二极管D3截止，第四二极管D4导通。
与上述第一天线601类似，对于第二天线602，由于在第一状态(第三二极管D3导通，第四二极管D4截止)和第二状态(第三二极管D3截止，第四二极管D4导通)下，第二天线602中用于辐射电磁波的部分的形状不同，因此在第一状态和第二状态下，第二天线602分别对应两种不同的电流分布，而第二天线602上电流分布的不同会影响从辐射单元60出射的电磁波的相位。
基于上述辐射单元60的结构，由于通过控制第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2的导通和截止，第一天线601可以对应两种不同的电流分布，通过控制第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4的导通和截止，第二天线602可以对应两种不同的电流分布，而第一天线601和第二天线602上电流分布的不同会影响从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位，因此通过控制第一二极管D1、第三二极管D3、第二二极管D2和第四二极管D4的导通和截止，就可以实现从辐射单元60出射的电磁波的相位可调，可以调整从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位有四种状态。
以下将第一二极管D1、第三二极管D3、第二二极管D2和第四二极管D4导通时记为“1”，截止时记为“0”，表1示例性地提供一种第一二极管D1、第三二极管D3、第二二极管D2和第四二极管D4的导通和截止对应的从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位。
表1
相位(°) D1 D2 D3 D4
0 1 0 1 0
90 0 1 0 1
180 0 1 1 0
270 1 0 0 1
在第二天线本体6021的形状为圆环状，且第二枝节6022和第三枝节6023设置于第二天线本体6021内的情况下，由于设置相位延迟线606后，第二天线本体6021靠近相位延迟线606部分的金属分布密度会变大，为了使辐射单元60中的金属尽可能均匀分布，因此在一些示例中，如图19所示，第二天线6021本体远离相位延迟线606的位置的圆环宽度D1大于第二天线本体6021靠近相位延迟线606的位置的圆环宽度D2，此时，第二天线本体6021的形状为椭圆环。
需要说明的是，在本申请中，辐射单元60中金属的均匀分布有利于辐射单元60整体电容值以及电感值的均匀分布，进而可以确保辐射单元60向各个方向辐射电磁波的能力是一样的。
在此基础上，在一些示例中，如图20所示，相位延迟线606包括相交的第一金属条6061和第二金属条6062；其中，第一金属条6061沿第二枝节6022和第三枝节6023排布的方向延伸；第一金属条6061的一端与第三枝节6023电连接，第一金属条6061的另一端与第二天线本体6021电连接。在第二天线602还包括第七枝节6025的情况下，第一金属条6061与第七枝节6025电连接。
可以理解的是，可以是第一金属条6061和第二金属条6062相互垂直，即相位延迟线606为十字型；也可以是第一金属条6061和第二金属条6062之间的夹角为锐角。当第一金属条6061和第二金属条6062相互垂直时，有利于辐射单元60中的金属尽可能均匀分布。
此处，设置第一金属条6061用于实现第三枝节6023和第二天线本体6021的电连接，设置第二金属条6062的目的是为了使沿第二金属条6062延伸方向，辐射单元60中的金属尽可能均匀分布，且使得在第一金属条6061较短的情况下，还可以获得所需的相位延迟例如90°相位延迟。
由于第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2的第一极和第二极分别与第一天线本体6011、第一枝节6012电连接，第三二极管D3、第四二极管D4的第一极和第二极分别与第二枝节6022和第二天线本体6021电连接，因此在一些示例中，需要通过四个电压端分别为第一天线本体6011、第一枝节6012、第二枝节6022和第二天线本体6021提供电压，以控制第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3、第四二极管D4的导通和截止。在另一些示例中，第一天线本体6011和第一枝节6012中的任意一个与第二枝节6022和第二天线本体6021中的任意一个可以电连接在一起，这样可以减少一个电压端，通过三个电压端控制第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3、第四二极管D4的导通和截止，例如，可以是第一天线本体6011和第二天线本体6021电连接；也可以是第一枝节6012和第二枝节6022电连接；当然还可以是，第一天线本体6011和第二枝节6022电连接，第二天线本体6021和第一枝节6012电连接。下文中以第一枝节6012和第二枝节6022电连接为例进行说明。
为了控制第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2的导通和截止，如图15所示，上述辐射单元60还包括第一电路608，如图22所示，第一电路608包括第一导线6081，第一导线6081与第一天线本体6011电连接，第一电路608还包括与第一导线6081电连接的第一直流馈线6082，第一直流馈线6082用于与外部的控制电路电连接，第一直流馈线6082接收外部的控制电路提供的电压，并将电压传输给第一导线6081，再通过第一导线6081提供给第一天线本体6011，而由于第一二极管D1的第一极与第一天线本体6011电连接，第二二极管D2的第二极与第一天线本体6011电连接，因而该电压还可以传输给第一二极管D1的第一极和第二二极管D2的第二极。
需要说明的是，在图22中，由于第一直流馈线6082和第一导线6081不在同一层，因此图22中仅能看到与第一导线6081电连接的第一直流馈线6082的端部。
在一些示例中，如图15所示，第一导线6081设置在第一地板603和第一天线本体6011之间，即第一导线6081设置在第一地板603和第一天线601之间。
此外，在一些示例中，如图15所示，第一导线6081和第一直流馈线6082可以设置在不同层，在此情况下，例如，第一直流馈线6082可以设置于第一地板603远离第一导线6081的一侧。又例如，第一直流馈线6082可以设置于第一地板603和第一导线6081之间。
由于第一直流馈线6082上的交流信号会导致辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位和振幅发生偏移，因此第一直流馈线6082与第一天线601、第二天线602之间均应该通过地板进行隔离，以避免第一直流馈线6082上的交流信号影响第一天线601和第二天线602辐射的电磁波的相位和振幅。基于此，在上述第一地板603设置于第一直流馈线6082和第一天线601之间的情况下，在一些示例中，辐射单元60还包括第二地板611，第二地板611设置于第一直流馈线6082和第二天线602之间。在上述第一地板603设置于第一直流馈线6082和第二天线602之间的情况下，辐射单元60还包括第二地板611，第二地板611 设置于第一直流馈线6082和第一天线601之间。图15以第一地板603设置于第一直流馈线6082和第一天线601之间为例进行示意。也就是说，辐射单元60还包括设置在第一天线601和第二天线602之间的第二地板611，第一直流馈线6082位于第一地板603和第二地板611之间。图21a为上述第一地板603的结构示意图，第一地板603包括第一圆环状的通孔6031，图21b为上述第二地板611的结构示意图，第二地板611包括第二圆环状的通孔6111。
在本实施例一中，辐射单元60可以只包括第一地板603，不包括第二地板611，在此情况下，可以减小辐射单元60的厚度。辐射单元60也可以包括第一地板603和第二地板611，在此情况下，在第一直流馈线6082设置在第一地板603和第二地板611之间，第一地板603和第二地板611会防止第一直流馈线6082对第一天线601、第二天线602辐射的电磁波的相位和振幅的影响，从而保证了辐射单元60的性能。
需要说明的是，在一些示例中，第一电路608中第一导线6081的尺寸远小于辐射单元60工作时电磁波的波长，因而对于交流信号而言，其是高阻抗的。此外，第一天线601和第二天线602的尺寸比第一导线6081的尺寸大一个数量级，对于交流信号而言，其构成低阻抗回路，这样一来，由入射电磁波激励起的感应电流将主要分布在第一天线601和第二天线602中。
在一些示例中，如图22所示，上述第一电路608还包括第一隔绝交流结构6083，第一隔绝交流结构6083与第一天线本体6011电连接，且第一隔绝交流结构6083在第一天线本体6011所在平面上的正投影与第一天线本体6011具有重叠区域。此处，第一隔绝交流结构6083包括至少一个第一贴片组，每个第一贴片组包括两个第一贴片6083a。
需要说明的是，第一隔绝交流结构6083和第一导线6081可以同层设置；也可以异层设置。图15以第一隔绝交流结构6083和第一导线6081同层设置为例进行示意。
此处，第一隔绝交流结构6083可以包括一个或多个第一贴片组，图22以第一隔绝交流结构6083包括一个第一贴片组为例进行示意。
如图18所示，在第一天线601具有第一对称轴M；第一对称轴M平行于第一二极管D1和第一枝节6012的排列方向的情况下，如图22所示，每个第一贴片组包括两个关于第一对称轴M对称设置的第一贴片6083a。
此外，对于第一贴片6083a的形状不进行限定，例如可以为月牙形、扇形、矩形、三角形、其它规则或不规则的形状等。
在一些示例中，在第一天线本体6011的形状为圆环状，第一枝节6012设置于第一天线本体6011内的情况下，上述第一贴片6083a的形状为月牙形，且月牙形的凹面相对于凸面靠近第一对称轴M。
另外，为了确保辐射单元60中金属分布的均匀性，因此，在一些示例中，上述第一导线6081构成的图案关于第一对称轴M对称。
由于本实施例一提供的辐射单元60包括第一隔绝交流结构6083，且第一隔绝交流结构6083中的第一贴片6083a在第一天线本体6011所在平面上的正投影与第一天线本体6011具有重叠区域，因此第一贴片6083a和第一天线本体6011之间会形成电容，这样一来，第一导线6081上产生的交流信号流向第一贴片6083a时，交流信号可以通过第一贴片6083a和第一天线本体6011形成的电容耦合给第一天线本体6011，因而可以避免第一导线 6081上产生的交流信号对控制模块的影响。在此基础上，在第一电路608包括第一直流馈线6082时，第一隔绝交流结构6083还可以避免第一导线6081上产生的交流信号对第一直流馈线6082的影响。
为了控制第三二极管D3、第四二极管D4的导通和截止，如图15所示，上述辐射单元60还包括第二电路613，如图23所示，第二电路613包括第二导线6131和第三导线6132，第二导线6131与第二天线本体6021电连接；第三导线6132与第二枝节6022电连接；在第一枝节6012和第二枝节6022电连接的情况下，第三导线6132还与第三枝节6023电连接。第二电路613还包括与第二导线6131电连接的第二直流馈线6133。
此处，第二导线6131和第三导线6132同层设置。
在一些示例中，第二电路613还包括第三直流馈线6134，可以是第三直流馈线6134可以直接与第三导线6132电连接；也可以是第三直流馈线6134与地板例如第一地板603电连接，地板例如第一地板603与第三导线6132电连接，进而实现第三直流馈线6134与第三导线6132的电连接。
其中，第二直流馈线6133和第三直流馈线6134用于与外部的控制电路电连接，第二直流馈线6133接收外部的控制电路提供的电压，并将电压传输给第二导线6131，再通过第二导线6131传输给第二天线本体6021，第三直流馈线6134接收外部的控制电路提供的电压，并将电压传输给第三导线6132，再通过第三导线6132传输给第二枝节6022。而由于第三二极管D3的第一极、第四二极管D4的第二极均与第二天线本体6021电连接，因此第二直流馈线6133上的电压最终提供给第三二极管D3的第一极、第四二极管D4的第二极，由于第三二极管D3的第二极、第四二极管D4的第一极均与第二枝节6022电连接，因此第三直流馈线6134上的电压提供给第三二极管D3的第二极、第四二极管D4的第一极。
在第一枝节6012和第二枝节6022电连接的情况下，由于第一二极管D1的第二极与第一枝节6012电连接；第二二极管D2的第一极和第一枝节6012电连接，因此第三直流馈线6134上的电压还可以提供给第一二极管D1的第二极、第二二极管D2的第一极。
基于上述第一电路608和第二电路613，通过第一直流馈线6082、第二直流馈线6133和第三直流馈线6134上的电压便可以控制第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4的导通和截止。
需要说明的是，在图23中，由于第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134与第二导线6131、第三导线6132位于不同层，因此图23中仅能看到与第二导线6131电连接的第二直流馈线6133的端部、以及与第三导线6132电连接的第三直流馈线6134的端部。
由于第二导线6131与第二天线本体6021电连接，第三导线6132与第二枝节6022电连接，因而第二导线6131到第二天线本体6021、以及第三导线6132到第二枝节6022的距离越近，损耗越小，因此在一些示例中，如图15所示，第二导线6131、第三导线6132设置于第一地板603和第二天线本体6021之间，即第二导线6131、第三导线6132设置在第一地板603和第二天线602之间。由于上述相位延迟线606用于改变第二天线602辐射的电磁波的相位，因此为了不影响相位延迟线606的功能，因此在一些示例中，第二导线6131、第三导线6132设置在相位延迟线606和第一地板603之间。
在此基础上，在辐射单元60包括第二地板611，且第二地板611设置在第一地板603 和第二天线602之间的情况下，第二导线6131、第三导线6132可以设置在第二地板611和相位延迟线606之间。
在一些示例中，第二导线6131、第三导线6132与第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134可以设置在不同层。在此情况下，第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134可以设置在第二导线6131、第三导线6132靠近第二天线602的一侧，第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134也可以设置在第二导线6131、第三导线6132远离第二天线602的一侧。为了使第二导线6131、第三导线6132与第二天线602的距离接近，减小损耗，因此在一些示例中，如图15所示，第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134设置在第二导线6131、第三导线6132远离第二天线602的一侧。
可以理解的是，在第二导线6131、第三导线6132与第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134可以设置在不同层的情况下，可以避免第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134影响第二天线602上辐射的电磁波，进而可以避免影响辐射单元60辐射的电磁波。
在第二导线6131、第三导线6132与第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134设置在不同层的情况下，在一些示例中，辐射单元60包括第二地板611，第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134可以设置在第一地板603和第二地板611之间，这样第一地板603和第二地板611可以对第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134进行隔离，防止第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134影响第一天线601和第二天线602辐射的电磁波的相位和振幅。
在辐射单元60只设置第一地板603，不设置第二地板611的情况下，图24a提供了从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位为270°时，不同直流馈线数量对应的振幅曲线，图24a分别示意了3条、5条以及7条直流馈线下对应的振幅曲线，图24a中纵坐标“|S 21|”表示振幅值。图24b提供了从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位为270°时，不同直流馈线数量对应的相位曲线，图24b分别示意了3条、5条以及7条直流馈线下对应的相位曲线，图24b中纵坐标“∠S 21”表示相位值。从图24a和图24b可以看出，当每个辐射单元60包括5根直流馈线时，辐射单元60的透射振幅和相位发生了较大的偏移，这种偏移往往是直流馈线数量的函数，不同数量直流馈线可能会造成不同程度的辐射单元60性能下降，从而可能会降低整个电磁能量聚焦器50的稳定性，这是因为只有一层地板时，直流馈线没有被遮蔽起来，因此会影响电磁能量聚焦器50性能的稳定性。当辐射单元60包括第一地板603和第二地板611，由于直流馈线例如第一直流馈线6082、第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134等可以设置在第一地板603和第二地板611之间，因而可以将这些直流馈线遮蔽起来，防止直流馈线影响第一天线601和第二天线602辐射的电磁波的相位和振幅，即防止影响电磁能量聚焦器50性能的稳定性。
需要说明的是，在一些示例中，第二电路613中的第二导线6131和第三导线6132的尺寸远小于辐射单元60工作时电磁波的波长，因而对于交流信号而言，其是高阻抗的。此外，第一天线601和第二天线602的尺寸比第二导线6131和第三导线6132大一个数量级，对于交流信号而言，其构成低阻抗回路，这样一来，由入射电磁波激励起的感应电流将主要分布在第一天线601和第二天线602中。
进一步地，为了避免第二导线6131和第三导线6132上的交流信号影响辐射单元60辐射的电磁波，因此在一些示例中，如图23所示，上述第二电路613还包括第二隔绝 交流结构6135，第二隔绝交流结构6135和第二天线本体6021电连接，且第二隔绝交流结构6135在第二天线本体6021所在平面上的正投影与第二天线本体6021具有重叠区域。此处，第二隔绝交流结构6135包括至少一个第二贴片组；每个第二贴片组包括两个第二贴片6135a。
需要说明的是，第二隔绝交流结构6135和第二导线6131、第三导线6132可以同层设置，也可以异层设置。图23以第二隔绝交流结构6135和第二导线6131、第三导线6132同层设置为例进行示意。
此处，第二隔绝交流结构6135可以包括一个或多个第二贴片组，图23以第二隔绝交流结构6135包括一个第二贴片组为例进行示意。
如图19所示，在第二天线602具有第二对称轴N，第二对称轴N平行于第三二极管对和第二枝节6022的排列方向的情况下，如图23所示，每个第二贴片组包括关于第二对称轴N对称设置的第二贴片6135a。
此外，对于第二贴片6135a的形状不进行限定，例如可以为扇形、月牙形，矩形、三角形、其它规则或不规则的形状等。
在一些示例中，在第二天线本体602的形状为圆环状，第二枝节6022设置于第二天线本体602内的情况下，上述第二贴片6135a的形状为扇形；扇形的顶角相对于弧面靠近第二对称轴N。
另外，为了确保辐射单元60中金属分布的均匀性，因此，在一些示例中，上述第二导线6131构成的图案关于第二对称轴N对称；和/或，第三导线6132构成的图案关于第二对称轴N对称。
由于本实施例一提供的辐射单元60包括第二隔绝交流结构6135，且第二隔绝交流结构6135中的第二贴片6135a在第二天线本体6021所在平面上的正投影与第二天线本体6021具有重叠区域，因此第二贴片6135a和第二天线本体6021之间会形成电容，这样一来，第二导线6131和第三导线6132上产生的交流信号流向第二贴片6135a时，交流信号可以通过第二贴片6135a和第二天线本体6021形成的电容耦合给第二天线本体6021，因而可以避免第二导线6131和第三导线6132上产生的交流信号对第二天线本体6021辐射的电磁波的影响，进而可以避免对辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的影响。
基于上述，本实施例一提供的辐射单元60可以包括9层金属层，分别为：第一金属层M1：第一天线601；第二金属层M2：第一导线6081和第一隔绝交流结构6083；第三金属层M3：第一地板603；第四金属层M4：第一直流馈线6082；第五金属层M5：第二直流馈线6133；第六金属层M6：第二地板611；第七金属层M7：第二导线6131、第三导线6132和第二隔绝交流结构6135；第八金属层M8：相位延迟线606；第九金属层M9：第二天线602。应当理解到，这9层金属可以根据所需的顺序任意进行层叠设置，示例的，如图15所示，第一天线601；第一导线6081和第一隔绝交流结构6083；第一地板603；第一直流馈线6082；第二直流馈线6133和第三直流馈线6134；第二地板611；第二导线6131、第三导线6132和第二隔绝交流结构6135；相位延迟线606；第二天线602可以依次层叠设置。
在此基础上，任意相邻两层金属层之间应设置介质层，以将相邻两层金属层间隔开。示例的，在上述9层金属层按照图15所示的顺序依次层叠的情况下，如图15所示，辐射 单元60还包括：设置在第一天线601与第一导线6081、第一隔绝交流结构6083之间的第六介质层604；设置在第一导线6081、第一隔绝交流结构6083与第一地板603之间的第九介质层610；设置在第一地板603与第一直流馈线6082之间的第三介质层609；设置在第一直流馈线6082与第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134之间的第十三介质层615；设置在第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134与第二地板611之间的第十一介质层612；设置在第二地板611与第二导线6131、第三导线6132、第二隔绝交流结构6135之间的第二介质层614；设置在第二导线6131、第三导线6132、第二隔绝交流结构6135与相位延迟线606之间的第八介质层607；设置在相位延迟线606和第二天线602之间的第七介质层605。
在制作辐射单元60时，在一些示例中，可以在介质板的两侧先形成金属层，再将形成有金属层的介质板通过粘贴层粘贴在一起形成辐射单元60，多个辐射单元60同时制作，从而可以制作得到电磁能量聚焦器50。
基于此，如图15所示，上述第六介质层604、第三介质层609、第十一介质层612、第八介质层607、第七介质层605可以为介质板S，即电磁能量聚焦器50包括5层介质板，分别为S1、S2、S3、S4、S5。上述的第九介质层610、第十三介质层615、第二介质层614可以为粘贴层。此外，辐射单元60还包括设置在第八介质层607和相位延迟线606之间的粘贴层616。即电磁能量聚焦器50包括4层粘贴层。在制作电磁能量聚焦器50时，可以先在第六介质层604的两侧可以分别形成第一天线601和第一导线6081、第一隔绝交流结构6083；在第三介质层609的两侧可以分别形成第一地板603与第一直流馈线6082；在第十一介质层612的两侧可以分别形成第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134和第二地板611；在第八介质层607的一侧分别形成第二导线6131、第三导线6132、第二隔绝交流结构6135；在第七介质层605的两侧形成相位延迟线606和第二天线602，之后，再通过第九介质层610、第十三介质层615、第二介质层614以及设置在第八介质层607和相位延迟线606之间的粘贴层将上述5层介质板粘贴在一起。
可以理解的是，多层金属层、多层介质板通过多层粘贴层粘贴在一起后，还需要形成多个通孔Via，以将不同的金属层电连接在一起，图15中的多个通孔表示不同的金属可以通过过孔连接在一起。
需要说明的是，第四金属层M4的第一直流馈线6082和第五金属层M5的第二直流馈线6133和第三直流馈线6134可以直接电连接到外部的控制电路，通过外部的控制电路提供高电平和低电平的电压源，以于控制第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4的导通和截止。
对于第一天线601，第四金属层M4的第一直流馈线6082先通过第一通孔Via1连接到第二金属层M2中的第一导线6081和第一隔绝交流结构6083；再通过第二通孔Via2连接到第一金属层M1中的第一天线601的第一天线本体601，从而实现将高电平或低电平加载到第一二极管D1的第一极和第二二极管D2的第二极。
可以理解的是，在制作第一通孔Via1时，需要从第一金属层M1打孔至第四金属层M4，但是该第一通孔Via1只用于实现第四金属层M4和第二金属层M2的电连接，并不与第一金属层M1电连接，因此如图18所示的第一金属层M1和如图22所示的第二金属层M2，黑点表示电连接，白点表示有通孔但不电连接。
对于第二天线602，第五金属层M5的第二直流馈线6133和第三直流馈线6134通过第三通孔Via3连接到第七金属层M7的第二导线6131和第二隔绝交流结构6135，再通过第四通孔Via4连接到第九金属层M9的第二天线602的第二天线本体6021，从而实现将高电平或低电平加载到第四二极管D4的第二极和第三二极管D3的第一极。
同样的，第三通孔Via3需要从第九金属层M9打孔穿过第九金属层M9、第八金属层M8、第七金属层M7、第六金属层M6到第五金属层M5，该第三通孔Via3只用于实现第五金属层M5和第七金属层M7的电连接，因此如图19所示的第九金属层M9，黑点表示电连接，白点表示有通孔但不电连接。第八金属层M8以及第六金属层M6类似，此处不再赘述。
此外，第六金属层M6的第二地板611提供的中间电平(所述中间电平位于上述的低电平和高电平之间)还通过第七通孔Via7提供给第七金属层M7的第三导线6132，第三导线6132通过第五通孔Via5提供给第一金属层M1的第一天线601的第一枝节6012和第九金属层M9的第二天线602的第二枝节6022，从而将第二地板611提供的中间电压加载到第一二极管D1的第二极、第二二极管D2的第一极、第三二极管D3的第二极、第四二极管D4的第一极。
另外，第九金属层M9的第二天线602的第二天线本体6021、第三枝节6023和第八金属层M8的相位延迟线606可以通过第六通孔Via6电连接。
在一些示例中，第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4在导通时等效为一个电阻，截止时等效为一个电阻和一个电容串联。
在辐射单元60的工作频率为5.8GHz，即从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的频率为5.8GHz的情况下，对实施例一提供的辐射单元60的幅频特性和相频特性进行模拟仿真，图25a为实施例一提供的辐射单元60的幅频特性曲线，图25b为实施例一提供的辐射单元60的相频特性曲线。图25a和图25b中状态1表示从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位为0°，状态2表示从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位为90°，状态3表示从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位为180°，状态4表示从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位为270°。从图25a可以看出，当辐射单元60的工作频率为5.8GHz时，状态1、状态2、状态3和状态4对应的幅频都接近于1，也就是说实施例一提供的辐射单元60具有较强的发射能力。从图25b可以看出，当辐射单元60的工作频率为5.8GHz时，状态1对应的从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位接近于-180°，状态2对应的从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位接近于-90°，状态3对应的从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位接近于0°，状态4对应的从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位接近于90°。考虑到状态间的相对相位差是影响聚焦的本质因素，且对一组相位同时加上某一相位值(比如180°)，不影响相位差。于是状态1、状态2、状态3、状态4的相位可认为接近0°、90°、180°、270°，产生90°的相位梯度。也就是说，实施例一提供的辐射单元60可以辐射出所需要相位的电磁波。
在辐射单元60为实施例一提供的辐射单元的情况下，以电磁能量聚焦器50的工作频率为5.8GHz，对应的工作波长为51.7mm，电磁能量聚焦器50包括如图14所示的13×13个阵列分布的辐射单元60，相邻两个辐射单元60的中心之间的间距为22.5mm，形成的整个超构表面的大小为292.5mm×292.5mm为例，利用仿真软件对电磁能量聚焦器50的性能进行验证。图26为在XOZ平面，多个辐射单元60构成的超构表面的中心的工作频率 在5.8GHz附近的电场聚焦特性，图26分别示意出了工作频率为5.6GHz、5.8GHz和6.0GHz时的电场聚焦特性，图26中的虚线表示理论焦距180mm，圆圈表示实际焦距。从图26可以看出，多个辐射单元60构成的超构表面在实验误差允许的范围内准确地聚焦到180mm，符合理论来预期。图27为在焦平面，多个辐射单元60构成的超构表面的中心的工作频率在5.8GHz附近的电场聚焦特性，图27分别示意出了工作频率为5.6GHz、5.8GHz和6.0GHz时的电场聚焦特性，从图27可以看出，艾里斑半径也接近衍射极限，符合理论预期。“艾里斑”指的是由于衍射而在焦点处形成的聚焦斑，中央是明亮的圆斑，周围有多组较弱的明暗相间的同心环状条纹，把其中以第一暗环为界限的中央亮斑称作艾里斑。
图28a提供了多个辐射单元60构成的超构表面的随频率变化的3dB聚焦效率曲线，图28b提供了多个辐射单元60构成的超构表面的随频率变化的艾里斑聚焦效率曲线。其中，3dB聚焦效率定义为半高宽内的功率和输入功率的比值，艾里斑效率定义为艾里斑内的功率和输入功率的比值。从图28a可以看出，3dB聚焦效率最高值为24.1％，从图28b可以看出，艾里斑聚焦效率的最高值为38.3％。
在此基础上，为了给上述的辐射单元60中的第一直流馈线6082、第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134提供电压，即为了给上述的辐射单元60中的第一导线6081、第二导线6131和第三导线6132提供电压，以控制第一二极管D1、第三二极管D3、第二二极管D2和第四二极管D4的导通和截止，从而使辐射单元60获得特定的相位和振幅响应，电磁能量聚焦器50还包括控制电路，如图29所示，控制电路70包括移位寄存器集群701、稳压模块702以及第二处理器703；移位寄存器集群701包括多个移位寄存器7011，多个移位寄存器7011和稳压模块702均与第二处理器703电连接；第二处理器703用于控制移位寄存器7011输出第一电压V1或第二电压V2，且用于控制稳压模块702输出第三电压V3；第三电压V3大于第一电压V1，且小于第二电压V2；其中，第一直流馈线6082、第二直流馈线6133分别与一个移位寄存器7011电连接，第三直流馈线6134与稳压模块702电连接，即第一导线6081和第二导线6131分别与一个移位寄存器7011电连接，第三导线6132与稳压模块702电连接。
示例的，上述第一电压V1为0V，第二电压V2为5V，第三电压V3介于0～5V之间，例如3V。
此处，第二处理器703例如可以为单片机。
需要说明的是，移位寄存器集群701中移位寄存器7011的数量可以根据需要进行设置。示例的，电磁能量聚焦器50包括169个辐射单元60，且每个移位寄存器7011为具有8比特并联输出的移位寄存器7011，则移位寄存器集群701中可以包括43个具有8比特并联输出的移位寄存器7011。
在第一二极管D1的第一极、第二二极管D2的第二极均与第一天线本体6011(即与第一直流馈线6082)电连接，第一二极管D1的第二极、第二二极管D2的第一极均与第一枝节6012(即第三直流馈线6134)电连接；第三二极管D3的第一极、第四二极管D4的第二极均与第二天线本体6021(即第二直流馈线6133)电连接，第三二极管D3的第二极、第四二极管D4的第一极均与第二枝节6022(即第三直流馈线6134)电连接，且第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4均为电流由第一极流向第二极时导通，由第二极流向第一极时截止的情况下，由于移位寄存器7011输出第一电压V1 或第二电压V2，稳压模块702输出第三电压V3，第三电压V3介于第一电压V1和第二电压V2之间，因此每个辐射单元60中第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2中只有一个导通，第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4中只有一个导通，从而保证每个辐射单元60的电流流向的单向性。基于上述，每个辐射单元60可以根据第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4的导通和截止状态的不同，实现0°、90°、18°和270°四种相位。
在电磁能量聚焦器50包括169个辐射单元60情况下，电磁能量聚焦器50包括169×4＝676个二极管，这样一来需要676/2+1＝339个电压端口，其中，338个电压端口用于控制676个二极管的导通与截止，剩余的一个电压端口则用于提供公共电压。在直接通过单片机给这339个电压端口提供电压的情况下，例如，单片机为具有30个IO(输入/输出，input/output)端口的单片机，则只是需要使用12个单片机为339个电压端口提供电压，这不仅会带来高昂的经济成本，还会占用较大的物理空间；此外，由于需要同时调试12个单片机，则还会带来设备的调试困难。相对于直接通过单片机给这339个电压端口提供电压，由于本申请提供的控制电路70包括多个移位寄存器7011，因此只需要通过一个第二处理器703例如单片机去控制43个具有8比特并联输出的移位寄存器7011，这些移位寄存器7011能够输出第一电压V1或第二电压V2，稳压模块702输出介于第一电压V1和第二电压V2之间的第三电压V3，这样就能控制每个辐射单元60中第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2中只有一个导通，第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4中只有一个导通，从而保证每个辐射单元60的电流流向的单向性。基于此，本申请提供的控制电路70不仅调试方便，且更简化，占用的空间尺寸更小。
在辐射单元60不包括相位延迟线606的情况下，通过控制第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4的导通和截止，辐射单元60只能辐射出两种相位的电磁波。而在本实施例一中，由于辐射单元60除了包括第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4外，还包括相位延迟线606，而相位延迟线606可以使得辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位增加，因此通过控制第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4的导通和截止，可以使辐射单元60辐射的电磁波具有四种相位，例如分别为0°、90°、180°或270°，因而在辐射单元60应用于电磁能量聚焦器50时，通过控制多个辐射单元60的相位，从而可以使得多个辐射单元60构成的超构表面形成不同的相位梯度，而不同的相位梯度对应不同的电磁波束聚焦位置，因此电磁能量聚焦器50可以将电磁波聚焦到不同的位置，这样一来，电磁能量聚焦器50便可以实现可变焦功能。此外，由于第一天线601可以接收第二天线602辐射的电磁波，或者，第二天线602可以接收第一天线601辐射的电磁波，因而本实施例一提供的辐射单元60为可透射式辐射单元，即本申请提供的电磁能量聚焦器50为透射式电磁能量聚焦器。
在电磁能量聚焦器50应用于无线充电发射器10时，相对于相关技术提供的通过微带阵列实现可变聚焦的无线充电发射器10而言，本申请提供的无线充电发射器10在可以实现电磁波束动态聚焦的基础上，经济成本较低。另外，由于本申请提供的电磁能量聚焦器50直接对从平面波发生器40辐射的电磁波进行聚焦，相对于相关技术提供的无线充电发射器10利用有源超构表面反射后聚焦，因此在电磁能量聚焦器50应用于无线充电发射器10时，本申请提供的无线充电发射器10不仅可以减小无线充电发射器10的尺寸，而 且可以避免馈源天线的遮挡，提供能量利用效率。
实施例二
实施例二提供的辐射单元60和实施例一提供的辐射单元60的区别之处在于，在实施例一中，第一导线6081和第一直流馈线6082位于不同层，第二导线6131、第三导线6132与第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134位于不同层，且在实施例一中，辐射单元60还包括第二地板；在实施例二中，第一导线6081和第一直流馈线6082位于同一层，即第一导线6081和第一直流馈线6082同层设置。第二导线6131、第三导线6132与第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134位于同一层，即第二导线6131、第三导线6132、第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134同层设置，且不包括第二地板。
本实施例二提供的辐射单元60包括第一天线601、第二天线602、第一地板603、相位延迟线606、第一电路608和第二电路613。此处，第一天线601、第二天线602、第一地板603、相位延迟线606、第一电路608和第二电路613的结构以及位置设置关系可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述，本实施例二仅对与实施例一不相同的部分进行介绍。
在本实施例二中，第一电路608中的第一导线6081和第一直流馈线6082位于同一层，即第一导线6081和第一直流馈线6082同层设置。第二电路613中的第二导线6131、第三导线6132与第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134位于同一层，即第二导线6131、第三导线6132、第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134同层设置。
由于第一导线6081和第一直流馈线6082位于同一层，第二导线6131、第三导线6132与第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134位于同一层，因此相对于实施例一，实施例二可以减少上述实施例一中的第四金属层M4和第五金属层M5，第一直流馈线6082可以位于第二金属层M2，第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134可以位于第七金属层M7。在此基础上，由于实施例二提供的辐射单元60中不设置第二地板611，因此相对于实施例一，实施例二还可以减少上述实施例一中的第六金属层M6。综上，相对于实施例一，实施例二可以减少三层金属层。
基于上述，本实施例二提供的辐射单元60可以包括6层金属层，分别为：第一金属层M1：第一天线601；第二金属层M2：第一导线6081、第一隔绝交流结构6083、第一直流馈线6082；第三金属层M3：第一地板603；第七金属层M7：第二导线6131、第三导线6132、第二隔绝交流结构6135、第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134；第八金属层M8：相位延迟线606；第九金属层M9：第二天线602。应当理解到，这6层金属可以根据所需的顺序任意进行层叠设置，示例的，如图30所示，第一天线601(第一金属层M1)；第一导线6081、第一隔绝交流结构6083和第一直流馈线6082(第二金属层M2)；第一地板603(第三金属层M3)；第二导线6131、第三导线6132、第二隔绝交流结构6135、第二直流馈线6133和第三直流馈线6134(第七金属层M7)；相位延迟线606(第八金属层M8)；第二天线602(第九金属层M9)可以依次层叠设置。
在此基础上，任意相邻两层金属层之间应设置介质层，以将相邻两层金属层间隔开。示例的，在上述6层金属层按照图30所示的顺序依次层叠的情况下，如图30所示，辐射单元60还包括：设置在第一天线601与第一导线6081、第一隔绝交流结构6083、第一直流馈线6082之间的第六介质层604；设置在第一导线6081、第一隔绝交流结构6083、第 一直流馈线6082与第一地板603之间的第九介质层610；设置在第一地板603与第二导线6131、第三导线6132、第二隔绝交流结构6135、第二直流馈线6133和第三直流馈线6134之间的第三介质层609；设置在第二导线6131、第三导线6132、第二隔绝交流结构6135、第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134与相位延迟线606之间的第八介质层607；设置在相位延迟线606和第二天线602之间的第七介质层605。
相对于实施例一，实施例二减少了一层介质板，即第十一介质层612。
在制作辐射单元60时，在一些示例中，可以在介质板的两侧先形成金属层，再将形成有金属层的介质板通过粘贴层粘贴在一起形成辐射单元60，多个辐射单元60同时制作，从而可以制作得到电磁能量聚焦器50。
基于此，如图30所示，上述第六介质层604、第三介质层609、第八介质层607、第七介质层605可以为介质板S，即电磁能量聚焦器50包括4层介质板，分别为S1、S2、S4、S5。上述的第九介质层610可以为粘贴层。此外，如图30所示，辐射单元60还包括设置在第八介质层607和相位延迟线606之间的粘贴层616、设置在第三介质层609和第二导线6131、第三导线6132、第二隔绝交流结构6135、第二直流馈线6133和第三直流馈线6134之间的第十三介质层615，第十三介质层615用于作为粘贴层，即电磁能量聚焦器50包括3层粘贴层。相对于实施例一，实施例二还减少了一层粘贴层，即第二介质层614。
基于上述的金属层、介质板以及粘贴层，电磁能量聚焦器50的制作过程可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述。
可以理解的是，多层金属层、多层介质板通过多层粘贴层粘贴在一起后，还需要形成多个通孔Via，以将不同的金属层电连接在一起，图30多个通孔表示不同的金属可以通过过孔连接在一起。
本实施例二中，对于第一天线601，第二金属层M2的第一直流馈线6082与第二金属层M2中的第一导线6081和第一隔绝交流结构6083电连接，再通过第一通孔Via2连接到第一金属层M1中的第一天线601的第一天线本体601，从而实现将高电平或低电平加载到第一二极管D1的第一极和第二二极管D2的第二极。
对于第二天线602，第七金属层M7的第二直流馈线6133与第二导线6131电连接，再通过第四通孔Via4连接到第九金属层M9的第二天线602的第二天线本体6021，从而实现将高电平或低电平加载到第四二极管D4的第二极和第三二极管D3的第一极。
第三金属层M3的第一地板603提供的中间电平(所述中间电平位于上述的低电平和高电平之间)还通过第三通孔Via3提供给第七金属层M7的第三导线6132，第三导线6132通过第五通孔Via5提供给第一金属层M1的第一天线601的第一枝节6012和第九金属层M9的第二天线602的第二枝节6022，从而将第一地板603提供的中间电压加载到第一二极管D1的第二极、第二二极管D2的第一极、第三二极管D3的第二极、第四二极管D4的第一极。
相对于实施例一，实施例二减少了第一通孔Via1。
综上，相对于实施例一，由于本实施例二可以减少三层金属层、一层介质板、一层粘贴层以及一个通孔，因而实施例二提供的辐射单元60的厚度减小，即制作的电磁能量聚焦器50厚度减小，制作辐射单元60的工序简化。在此基础上，由于实施例二减少了一层 介质板，因而在制作电磁能量聚焦器50时减少一次压合次数，进而节约板材、提高加工成功率，降低生产成本。实施例二与实施例一相同的其它技术效果可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述。
另外，在辐射单元60为实施例二提供的辐射单元60时，电磁能量聚焦器50的控制电路可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述。
在辐射单元60的工作频率为5.8GHz，即从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的频率为5.8GHz的情况下，对实施例二提供的辐射单元60的幅频特性和相频特性进行模拟仿真，图31a为实施例二提供的辐射单元60的幅频特性曲线，图31b为实施例二提供的辐射单元60的相频特性曲线。图31a和图31b中状态1表示从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位为0°，状态2表示从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位为90°，状态3表示从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位为180°，状态4表示从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位为270°。从图31a可以看出，当辐射单元60的工作频率为5.8GHz时，状态1、状态2、状态3和状态4对应的幅频都接近于1，也就是说实施例二辐射单元60具有较强的发射能力。从图31b可以看出，当辐射单元60的工作频率为5.8GHz时，状态1对应的从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位接近于-180°，状态2对应的从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位接近于-90°，状态3对应的从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位接近于0°，状态4对应的从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位接近于90°。同样的，考虑到状态间的相对相位差是影响聚焦的本质因素，且对一组相位同时加上某一相位值(比如180°)，不影响相位差。于是状态1、状态2、状态3、状态4的相位可认为接近0°、90°、180°、270°，产生90°的相位梯度。也就是说，实施例二提供的辐射单元60可以辐射出所需要相位的电磁波。
实施例三
实施例三与实施例一的区别之处在于，实施例三提供的辐射单元60中未设置相位延迟线606，且第二天线602的结构与实施例一不相同。
本实施例三提供的辐射单元60包括第一天线601、第二天线602、第一地板603、第一电路608、第二电路613、第二地板611。此处，第一天线601、第一地板603、第一电路608、第二电路613、第二地板611的结构以及位置设置关系可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述。本实施例三仅对与实施例一不相同的部分进行介绍，其它相同的部分可以参考实施例一。
在本实施例三中，如图32所示，辐射单元60中的第二天线602包括第二天线本体6021和第二枝节6022；第二枝节6022与第二天线本体6021不接触。
此处，第二天线本体6021的形状、第二天线本体6021和第二枝节6022的位置关系均可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述。
为了实现第二枝节6022与第二天线本体6021的电连接，上述辐射单元60还包括第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4；第三二极管D3设置于第二天线本体6021和第二枝节6022之间，第三二极管D3的第一极与第二天线本体6021电连接，第三二极管D3的第二极与第二枝节6022电连接；第四二极管D4的第一极和第二枝节6022远离第三二极管D3的一端电连接，第四二极管D4的第二极和第二天线本体6021电连接。
在实施例三中，第四二极管D4的第二极可以直接与第二天线本体6021电连接，在实 施例一中，第四二极管D4的第二极需要通过第三枝节6023和相位延迟线606与第二天线本体6021电连接。
在设计第二天线602时，考虑到第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4到第二天线本体6021的距离若太近，则第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4可能会干扰到第二天线本体6021。基于此，如图32所示，第二天线602还包括与第二天线本体6021接触的第六枝节6024，第三二极管D3设置于第六枝节6024和第二枝节6022之间，第三二极管D3的第一极与第六枝节6024电连接；第二天线602还包括与第二天线本体6021接触的第三枝节6023，第四二极管D4设置于第二枝节6022和第三枝节6023之间，第四二极管D4的第二极与第三枝节6023电连接。
在本实施例三中，通过控制第一二极管D1、第三二极管D3、第二二极管D2和第四二极管D4的导通和截止，就可以实现从辐射单元60出射的电磁波的相位可调，可以调整从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位有两种状态。
以下将第一二极管D1、第三二极管D3、第二二极管D2和第四二极管D4导通时记为“1”，截止时记为“0”，表2示例性地提供一种第一二极管D1、第三二极管D3、第二二极管D2和第四二极管D4的导通和截止对应的从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位。
表2
相位(°) D1 D2 D3 D4
0 1 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1
180 0 1 1 0
180 1 0 0 1
在本实施例三中，由于通过控制第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4的导通和截止，可以使辐射单元60具有二种相位，例如分别为0°和180°，因而在辐射单元60应用于电磁能量聚焦器50时，通过控制多个辐射单元60的相位，从而可以使得多个辐射单元60构成的超构表面形成不同的相位梯度，而不同的相位梯度对应不同的电磁波束聚焦位置，因此电磁能量聚焦器50可以将电磁波聚焦到不同的位置，这样一来，电磁能量聚焦器50便可以实现可变焦功能。实施例三与实施例一相同的其它技术效果可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述。
另外，在辐射单元60为实施例三提供的辐射单元60时，电磁能量聚焦器50的控制电路可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述。
实施例四
实施例四与实施例一的区别之处在于，实施例四提供的辐射单元60中未设置相位延迟线606，第二天线602的结构与实施例一不相同，且实施例一提供的辐射单元60包括四个二极管，实施例四提供的辐射单元60包括三个二极管，分别是第一二极管D1、第三二极管D3和第二二极管D2，不包括第四二极管D4。
本实施例四提供的辐射单元60包括第一天线601、第二天线602、第一地板603、第一电路608、第二电路613、第二地板611。此处，第一天线601、第一地板603、第一电路608、第二电路613、第二地板611的结构以及位置设置关系可以参考上述实施例一， 此处不再赘述。本实施例四仅对与实施例一不相同的部分进行介绍，其它相同的部分可以参考实施例一。
在本实施例四中，如图33所示，第二天线602包括第二天线本体6021和第二枝节6022；第二枝节6022与第二天线本体6021不接触。
此处，第二天线本体6021的形状、第二天线本体6021和第二枝节6022的位置关系均可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述。
在此基础上，第二天线本体6021和第二枝节6022之间还设置有第三二极管D3，在第三二极管D3导通的情况下，可以实现第二天线本体6021和第二枝节6022的电连接，第三二极管D3的连接关系可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述。本实施例四提供的辐射单元60不包括第四二极管D4
将第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2和第三二极管D3导通时记为“1”，截止时记为“0”，表3提供了第一二极管D1、第三二极管D3和第二二极管D2导通和截止对应的几种状态，每种状态对应一种从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位。
表3
D1 D2 D3
1 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
在本实施例四中，通过控制第一二极管D1、第三二极管D3和第二二极管D2的导通和截止，可以使辐射单元60具有不同的相位，因而在辐射单元60应用于电磁能量聚焦器50时，通过控制多个辐射单元60的相位，从而可以使得多个辐射单元60构成的超构表面形成不同的相位梯度，而不同的相位梯度对应不同的电磁波束聚焦位置，因此电磁能量聚焦器50可以将电磁波聚焦到不同的位置，这样一来，电磁能量聚焦器50便可以实现可变焦功能。实施例四与实施例一相同的其它技术效果可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述。
实施例五
实施例五和实施例一的区别之处在于，实施例五提供的辐射单元60中未设置相位延迟线606，第二天线602的结构与实施例一不相同，且实施例一提供的辐射单元60包括四个二极管，实施例五提供的辐射单元60包括二个二极管，分别是第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2，不包括第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4。由于本实施例五提供的辐射单元60不包括第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4，因而本实施例五提供的辐射单元60也不包括用于对第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4的导通和截止进行控制的第二电路613。
本实施例五提供的辐射单元60包括第一天线601、第二天线602、第一地板603、第一电路608、第二地板611。此处，第一天线601、第一地板603、第二地板611的结构以及位置设置关系可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述。本实施例五仅对与实施例一不相同的部分进行介绍，其它相同的部分可以参考实施例一。本实施例五的第一电路608除了 包括实施例一的结构外，还包括与第一枝节6012电连接的导线，用于给第一枝节6012提供电压。
在本实施例五中，如图34所示，第二天线602包括第二天线本体6021。第二天线本体6021的形状可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述。由于本实施例五提供的第二天线602不包括与第二天线本体6021不接触的枝节，因此因此本实施例五提供的辐射单元60不包括第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4。
实施例五提供的辐射单元60包括二个二极管，分别是第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2。第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2不同时导通和截止，第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2导通和截止有两种状态，一种是第一二极管D1导通，第二二极管D2截止，另一种是第一二极管D1截止，第二二极管D2导通，这两种状态对应两种从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位。
在本实施例五中，通过控制第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2的导通和截止，可以使辐射单元60具有两种不同的相位，因而在辐射单元60应用于电磁能量聚焦器50时，通过控制多个辐射单元60的相位，从而可以使得多个辐射单元60构成的超构表面形成不同的相位梯度，而不同的相位梯度对应不同的电磁波束聚焦位置，因此电磁能量聚焦器50可以将电磁波聚焦到不同的位置，这样一来，电磁能量聚焦器50便可以实现可变焦功能。实施例五与实施例一相同的其它技术效果可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述。
实施例六
实施例六和实施例一的区别之处在于，实施例六提供的辐射单元60中第一天线601的结构与实施例一不相同，且实施例一提供的辐射单元60包括四个二极管，实施例六提供的辐射单元60包括三个二极管，分别是第一二极管D1、第三二极管D3和第四二极管D3，不包括第二二极管D2。
本实施例六提供的辐射单元60包括第一天线601、第二天线602、第一地板603、第二地板611、相位延迟线606、第一电路608和第二电路613。此处，第二天线602、第一地板603、第二地板611、相位延迟线606、第一电路608和第二电路613的结构以及位置设置关系可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述，本实施例六仅对与实施例一不相同的部分进行介绍。
在本实施例六中，如图35所示，第一天线601包括第一天线本体6011和第一枝节6012，第一天线本体6011和第一枝节6012不接触。
此处，第一天线本体6011的形状、第一天线本体6011和第一枝节6012的位置关系均可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述。
在此基础上，第一天线本体6011和第一枝节6012之间还设置有第一二极管D1，在第一二极管D1导通的情况下，可以实现第一天线本体6011和第一枝节6012的电连接，第一二极管D1的连接关系可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述。本实施例六提供的辐射单元60不包括第二二极管D2。
将第一二极管D1、第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4导通时记为“1”，截止时记为“0”，表4提供了第一二极管D1、第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4导通和截止对应的几种状态，每种状态对应一种从辐射单元60辐射的电磁波的相位。
表4
D1 D3 D4
1 1 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 1
在本实施例六中，通过控制第一二极管D1、第三二极管D3和第四二极管D4的导通和截止，可以使辐射单元60具有不同的相位，因而在辐射单元60应用于电磁能量聚焦器50时，通过控制多个辐射单元60的相位，从而可以使得多个辐射单元60构成的超构表面形成不同的相位梯度，而不同的相位梯度对应不同的电磁波束聚焦位置，因此电磁能量聚焦器50可以将电磁波聚焦到不同的位置，这样一来，电磁能量聚焦器50便可以实现可变焦功能。实施例六与实施例一相同的其它技术效果可以参考上述实施例一，此处不再赘述。
需要说明的是，上述实施例六是以辐射单元60包括相位延迟线606，且第二天线602的结构为实施例一提供的结构为例进行的说明，在一些示例中，上述实施例六辐射单元60还可以不包括相位延迟线606，第二天线602的结构可以为实施例三、实施例四和实施例五中提供的结构。
需要说明的是，实施例三、实施例四、实施例五和实施例六均是以第一导线6081和第一直流馈线6082位于不同层，第二导线6131、第三导线6132与第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134位于不同层，且辐射单元60还包括第二地板为例进行的说明。在一些示例中，第一导线6081和第一直流馈线6082还可以位于同一层，第二导线6131、第三导线6132与第二直流馈线6133、第三直流馈线6134还可以位于同一层，且不包括第二地板，具体可以参考实施例二，此处不再赘述。
无线充电发射器的控制方法
本申请实施例还提供一种上述无线充电发射器的控制方法，如图36所示，包括：
S10、获取获取目标位置，目标位置用于指示无线充电接收器20的位置。
S11、根据上述目标位置，控制无线充电发射器10将电磁波传输到上述目标位置处。
此处，步骤S11中，根据上述目标位置，控制无线充电发射器10将电磁波传输到上述目标位置处，具体包括：根据上述目标位置，控制平面波发生器40产生平面电磁波，且控制电磁能量聚焦器50中每个辐射单元60的相位，使得无线充电发射器10将电磁波传输到目标位置处。
基于此，上述的第一处理器301还用于根据上述目标位置，控制平面波发生器40产生平面电磁波，且控制电磁能量聚焦器50中每个辐射单元60的相位，使得无线充电发射器10将电磁波传输到目标位置处。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种电磁能量聚焦器(50)，其特征在于，包括多个辐射单元(60)；所述辐射单元(60)包括：
    第一天线(601)，包括第一天线本体(6011)和第一枝节(6012)；
    第二天线(602)，与所述第一天线(601)层叠设置，包括第二天线本体(6021)、第二枝节(6022)和第三枝节(6023)；
    相位延迟线(606)，分别与所述第三枝节(6023)和所述第二天线本体(6021)电连接；
    第一二极管(D1)，分别与所述第一天线本体(6011)和所述第一枝节(6012)电连接；
    第二二极管(D2)，分别与所述第一天线本体(6011)和所述第一枝节(6012)电连接，第一二极管(D1)和所述第二二极管(D2)分别与所述第一枝节(6012)的两端电连接；
    第三二极管(D3)，分别与所述第二天线本体(6021)和所述第二枝节(6022)电连接；
    第四二极管(D4)，分别与所述第二枝节(6022)和所述第三枝节(6023)电连接，所述第三二极管(D3)和第四二极管(D4)分别与所述第二枝节(6022)的两端电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述第一枝节(6012)和所述第二枝节(6022)电连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述第一二极管(D1)的第一极与所述第一天线本体(6011)电连接，所述第一二极管(D1)的第二极与所述第一枝节(6012)电连接；
    所述第二二极管(D2)的第一极和所述第一枝节(6012)远离所述第一二极管(D1)的一端电连接，所述第二二极管(D2)的第二极与所述第一天线本体(6011)电连接；
    所述第一二极管(D1)和所述第二二极管(D2)均为电流由所述第一极流向所述第二极时导通，由所述第二极流向所述第一极时截止。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述第三二极管(D3)的第一极与所述第二天线本体(6021)电连接，所述第三二极管(D3)的第二极与所述第二枝节(6022)电连接；
    所述第四二极管(D4)的第一极和所述第二枝节(6022)远离所述第三二极管(D3)的一端电连接，所述第四二极管(D4)的第二极和所述第三枝节(6023)电连接；
    所述第三二极管(D3)和所述第四二极管(D4)均为电流由所述第一极流向所述第二极时导通，由所述第二极流向所述第一极时截止。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述相位延迟线(606)设置在所述第一天线(601)和第二天线(602)之间。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述第二天线本体(6021)的形状为环状，所述第二枝节(6022)和第三枝节(6023)设置于所述第二天线本体(6021)内。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述相位延迟线(606) 包括相交的第一金属条(6061)和第二金属条(6062)；其中，所述第一金属条(6061)沿所述第二枝节(6022)和所述第三枝节(6023)排布的方向延伸；
    所述第一金属条(6061)的一端与所述第三枝节(6023)电连接，所述第一金属条(6061)的另一端与所述第二天线本体(6021)电连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，第一金属条(6061)和第二金属条(6062)相互垂直。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述第二天线本体(6021)的形状为圆环状；
    所述第二天线本体(6021)远离所述相位延迟线(606)的位置的圆环宽度大于所述第二天线本体(6021)靠近所述相位延迟线(606)的位置的圆环宽度。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述辐射单元(60)还包括设置在所述第一天线(601)与所述第二天线(602)之间的第一地板(603)；所述第一天线(601)和所述第二天线(602)在所述第一地板(603)所在平面上的正投影均与所述第一地板(603)具有重叠区域。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述第一天线本体(6011)的形状为环状，所述第一枝节(6012)设置于所述第一天线本体(6011)内。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述辐射单元(60)还包括第一电路(608)；所述第一电路(608)包括：
    第一导线(6081)，与所述第一天线本体(6011)电连接；
    第一隔绝交流结构(6083)，与所述第一天线本体(6011)电连接，且第一隔绝交流结构(6083)在所述第一天线本体(6011)所在平面上的正投影与所述第一天线本体(6011)具有重叠区域。
  13. 根据权利要12所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述第一天线(601)具有第一对称轴；所述第一对称轴平行于所述第一二极管(D1)和所述第一枝节(6012)的排列方向；
    第一隔绝交流结构(6083)包括至少一个第一贴片组；每个所述第一贴片组包括两个关于所述第一对称轴对称设置的第一贴片(6083a)。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述第一天线本体(6011)的形状为圆环状，所述第一枝节(6012)设置于所述第一天线本体(6011)内；
    所述第一贴片(6083a)的形状为月牙形；所述月牙形的凹面相对于凸面靠近所述第一对称轴。
  15. 根据权利要求12-14任一项所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述第一电路(608)还包括与所述第一导线(6081)电连接的第一直流馈线(6082)；
    所述第一导线(6081)和所述第一直流馈线(6082)位于同一层。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述辐射单元(60)还包括设置在所述第一天线(601)和所述第二天线(602)之间的第一地板(603)和第二地板(611)；第一天线(601)和所述第二天线(602)在所述第一地板(603)所在平面上的正投影均与所述第一地板(603)具有重叠区域，第一天线(601)和所述第二天线(602)在所述第二地板(611)所在平面上的正投影均与所述第二地板(611)具有重叠区域；
    所述第一直流馈线(6082)位于所述第一地板(603)和所述第二地板(611)之间。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16任一项所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述辐射单元(60)还包括第二电路(613)，所述第二电路(613)包括：
    第二导线(6131)，与所述第二天线本体(6021)电连接；
    第三导线(6132)，与所述第二枝节(6022)电连接；
    第二隔绝交流结构(6135)，与所述第二天线本体(6021)电连接，所述第二隔绝交流结构(6135)在所述第二天线本体(6021)所在平面上的正投影与所述第二天线本体(6021)具有重叠区域。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述第二天线(602)具有第二对称轴，所述第二对称轴平行于所述第二枝节(6022)和所述第三枝节(6023)的排列方向；
    第二隔绝交流结构(6135)包括至少一个第二贴片组；每个所述第二贴片组包括两个关于所述第二对称轴对称设置的第二贴片(6135a)。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述第二天线本体(6021)的形状为圆环状，所述第二枝节(6022)和所述第三枝节(6023)设置于所述第二天线本体(6021)内；
    所述第二贴片(6135a)的形状为扇形；所述扇形的顶角相对于弧面靠近所述第二对称轴。
  20. 根据权利要求17-19任一项所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述第二电路(613)还包括与所述第二导线(6131)电连接的第二直流馈线(6133)；
    所述第二导线(6131)与所述第二直流馈线(6133)位于同一层。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的电磁能量聚焦器，其特征在于，所述辐射单元(60)还包括设置在所述第一天线(601)和所述第二天线(602)之间的第一地板(603)和第二地板(611)；第一天线(601)和所述第二天线(602)在所述第一地板(603)所在平面上的正投影均与所述第一地板(603)具有重叠区域，第一天线(601)和所述第二天线(602)在所述第二地板(611)所在平面上的正投影均与所述第二地板(611)具有重叠区域；
    所述第二直流馈线(6133)位于所述第一地板(603)和所述第二地板(611)之间。
  22. 一种平面波发生器(40)，其特征在于，包括：部分反射板(402)、全反射板(401)以及2n个馈源天线(4011a)；所述部分反射板(402)和所述全反射板(401)形成谐振腔体，所述馈源天线(4011a)位于所述谐振腔体内；
    所述馈源天线(4011a)用于提供激励；
    所述全反射板(401)用于向所述谐振腔体提供具有第一反射相位的电磁波；
    所述部分反射板(402)用于向所述谐振腔体提供具有第二反射相位的电磁波，并将所述谐振腔体内的电磁波向所述谐振腔体外辐射；所述第一反射相位和所述第二反射相位之和的范围为(0°，180°]；
    其中，n≥2，n为正整数。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的平面波发生器，其特征在于，所述部分反射板(402)包括层叠设置的第一贴片层(1011)、第一介质层(1012)和第二贴片层(1013)；所述第一贴片层(1011)包括多个镂空区域(1011a)；所述第二贴片层(1013)包括与所述镂空 区域(1011a)一一对应的多个第二贴片单元(1013a)；所述第二贴片单元(1013a)在所述第一贴片层(1011)上的正投影和与其对应的所述镂空区域(1011a)具有重叠区域；
    所述镂空区域(1011a)和所述第二贴片单元(1013a)的形状均为矩形。
  24. 一种无线充电发射器(10)，其特征在于，包括平面波发生器(40)和电磁能量聚焦器(50)；
    所述平面波发生器(40)用于产生平面电磁波，且将所述平面电磁波辐射向所述电磁能量聚焦器(50)；所述电磁能量聚焦器(50)用于对所述平面电磁波进行调控，以将所述平面电磁波聚焦到特定位置或传送到特定方向；
    其中，所述电磁能量聚焦器(50)为如权利要求1-21任一项所述的电磁能量聚焦器(50)和/或，所述平面波发生器(40)为如权利要求22或23所述的平面波发生器(40)。
  25. 一种如权利要求24所述的无线充电发射器的控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    获取目标位置，所述目标位置用于指示无线充电接收器的位置；
    根据所述目标位置，控制所述无线充电发射器将电磁波传输到所述目标位置处。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述目标位置，控制所述无线充电发射器将电磁波传输到所述目标位置处，包括：
    根据所述目标位置，控制所述平面波发生器产生平面电磁波，且控制所述电磁能量聚焦器中每个所述辐射单元的相位，使得所述无线充电发射器将电磁波传输到所述目标位置处。
  27. 一种控制装置，其特征在于，包括第一处理器和存储器；所述存储器中存储有程序代码，所述程序代码被所述第一处理器执行时，以实现如权利要求25或26所述的控制方法。
PCT/CN2021/121422 2021-09-28 2021-09-28 电磁能量聚焦器、平面波发生器及无线充电发射器 WO2023050087A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202180102819.7A CN118285020A (zh) 2021-09-28 2021-09-28 电磁能量聚焦器、平面波发生器及无线充电发射器
PCT/CN2021/121422 WO2023050087A1 (zh) 2021-09-28 2021-09-28 电磁能量聚焦器、平面波发生器及无线充电发射器

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2021/121422 WO2023050087A1 (zh) 2021-09-28 2021-09-28 电磁能量聚焦器、平面波发生器及无线充电发射器

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023050087A1 true WO2023050087A1 (zh) 2023-04-06

Family

ID=85780982

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2021/121422 WO2023050087A1 (zh) 2021-09-28 2021-09-28 电磁能量聚焦器、平面波发生器及无线充电发射器

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN118285020A (zh)
WO (1) WO2023050087A1 (zh)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106129605A (zh) * 2016-06-28 2016-11-16 西安电子科技大学 一种频率可调波束可控微带反射阵天线
CN106921049A (zh) * 2017-02-28 2017-07-04 山东大学 基于双层磁单负材料的亚波长谐振腔天线
CN209104369U (zh) * 2018-09-11 2019-07-12 北京中嘉互联能源科技有限公司 一种用于远程微波无线充电的超表面天线
CN110444868A (zh) * 2019-01-30 2019-11-12 友达光电股份有限公司 天线装置与天线系统
CN110474163A (zh) * 2019-07-24 2019-11-19 西北工业大学 一种频率捷变谐振腔天线
CN112103629A (zh) * 2020-09-16 2020-12-18 重庆大学 一种应用于无线电力传输的Fabry-Perot谐振腔天线
CN112736491A (zh) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-30 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 一种基于开口方环的可重构超表面电扫阵列天线
US20210226335A1 (en) * 2018-10-12 2021-07-22 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Antenna module and communication device equipped with the same

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106129605A (zh) * 2016-06-28 2016-11-16 西安电子科技大学 一种频率可调波束可控微带反射阵天线
CN106921049A (zh) * 2017-02-28 2017-07-04 山东大学 基于双层磁单负材料的亚波长谐振腔天线
CN209104369U (zh) * 2018-09-11 2019-07-12 北京中嘉互联能源科技有限公司 一种用于远程微波无线充电的超表面天线
US20210226335A1 (en) * 2018-10-12 2021-07-22 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Antenna module and communication device equipped with the same
CN110444868A (zh) * 2019-01-30 2019-11-12 友达光电股份有限公司 天线装置与天线系统
CN110474163A (zh) * 2019-07-24 2019-11-19 西北工业大学 一种频率捷变谐振腔天线
CN112103629A (zh) * 2020-09-16 2020-12-18 重庆大学 一种应用于无线电力传输的Fabry-Perot谐振腔天线
CN112736491A (zh) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-30 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 一种基于开口方环的可重构超表面电扫阵列天线

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN118285020A (zh) 2024-07-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR101532158B1 (ko) 패치 안테나 및 광기전층을 포함하는 전자 디바이스 및 관련된 방법
KR101451062B1 (ko) 패치 안테나 및 시각 디스플레이층을 포함하는 전자 디바이스 및 관련된 방법
CN103001005B (zh) 降低电磁辐射比吸收率的装置及移动终端
Trzebiatowski et al. Simple 60 GHz switched beam antenna for 5G millimeter-wave applications
KR20140023981A (ko) 전기적으로 전도성 메쉬층 패치 안테나를 포함하는 전자 디바이스 및 관련된 방법
CN108767481A (zh) 一种宽波束的方向图可重构整流天线
US11201394B2 (en) Antenna device and electronic device
CN111052507B (zh) 一种天线及无线设备
WO2023273785A1 (zh) 天线组件、电子设备及通信系统
CN106981719A (zh) 一种圆极化阵列天线及通信设备
Nguyen et al. A microwave power transmission system using sequential phase ring antenna and inverted class F rectenna
CN206727219U (zh) 一种圆极化阵列天线及通信设备
Tian et al. Integrated Control of Radiations and In‐Band Co‐Polarized Reflections by a Single Programmable Metasurface
CN109742515B (zh) 一种用于移动终端的毫米波圆极化天线
Liu et al. Multiband dual-polarized hybrid antenna with complementary beam for simultaneous RF energy harvesting and WPT
CN113451780B (zh) 一种圆极化定频波束扫描漏波天线
EP3965538A1 (en) Housing assembly, antenna apparatus and electronic device
WO2023050087A1 (zh) 电磁能量聚焦器、平面波发生器及无线充电发射器
CN113131178B (zh) 测向天线、测向天线系统及电子设备
WO2023051177A1 (zh) 双频双圆极化天线和天线系统
CN207611859U (zh) 一种方向图电调线极化偶极子天线
WO2022083107A1 (zh) 贴片天线单元以及封装天线阵列
WO2021082852A1 (zh) 天线模组及电子设备
CN211045721U (zh) 天线和天线阵列
Ding et al. Wideband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna for millimeter-wave applications using printed artificial anisotropic polarizer

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 21958682

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE