WO2023047037A1 - Structure semi-conductrice pour applications optoelectroniques - Google Patents
Structure semi-conductrice pour applications optoelectroniques Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023047037A1 WO2023047037A1 PCT/FR2022/051695 FR2022051695W WO2023047037A1 WO 2023047037 A1 WO2023047037 A1 WO 2023047037A1 FR 2022051695 W FR2022051695 W FR 2022051695W WO 2023047037 A1 WO2023047037 A1 WO 2023047037A1
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- layer
- intermediate layer
- semiconductor structure
- refractive index
- bonding
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 208
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indium phosphide Chemical compound [In]#P GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000010070 molecular adhesion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MRZMQYCKIIJOSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium zinc Chemical group [Zn].[Ge] MRZMQYCKIIJOSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002101 nanobubble Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- LGERWORIZMAZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon zinc Chemical compound [Si].[Zn] LGERWORIZMAZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MDPILPRLPQYEEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium arsenide Chemical compound [As]#[Al] MDPILPRLPQYEEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004630 atomic force microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/0206—Substrates, e.g. growth, shape, material, removal or bonding
- H01S5/0215—Bonding to the substrate
- H01S5/0216—Bonding to the substrate using an intermediate compound, e.g. a glue or solder
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18305—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] with emission through the substrate, i.e. bottom emission
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18361—Structure of the reflectors, e.g. hybrid mirrors
- H01S5/1838—Reflector bonded by wafer fusion or by an intermediate compound
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S2301/00—Functional characteristics
- H01S2301/17—Semiconductor lasers comprising special layers
- H01S2301/173—The laser chip comprising special buffer layers, e.g. dislocation prevention or reduction
Definitions
- the present invention is aimed at the field of semiconductors and particularly of optoelectronics. It relates to a semiconductor structure comprising a first layer of crystalline semiconductor material assembled on a second layer, via an intermediate layer having a refractive index very close to the first and second layers.
- VCSEL Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes
- VCSEL Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes
- the VCSELs 100 are produced from stacks of III-V semiconductor layers, by successive epitaxial growths (FIGS. 1a, 1b).
- each layer is finely defined to form on the one hand, an active region 2 consisting of one or more quantum wells allowing the generation of the laser beam, and on the other hand, two mirrors of Bragg 3a, 3b sandwiching active region 2 and consisting of alternating high and low refractive index layers.
- a VCSEL 100 on a solid substrate 1, as illustrated in figure la, for example in gallium arsenide (GaAs) for laser wavelengths comprised between 650 nm and 1300 nm , or indium phosphide (InP) for laser wavelengths between 1300nm and 2000nm.
- GaAs gallium arsenide
- InP indium phosphide
- Said solid substrate 1 must have excellent quality to ensure the epitaxy seed function and guarantee the high quality of the stack of layers, for high performance of the VCSEL 100.
- a thin useful layer of high quality 10 can be transferred onto a support substrate 1 ' whose properties are more modest and/or adapted to other other constraints, for example integration or packaging of the VCSEL 100 (FIG. 1b).
- a transfer of useful layer onto a support substrate is notably proposed in document WO2021/125005.
- Thin layer(s) transfer can also be useful for making the VCSEL itself.
- the Bragg mirrors 3a, 3b require a very large number of layer alternations due to compositional and doping limitations imposed by epitaxial growth, it may be more favorable to transfer a set of thin layers (Bragg mirror) rather than growing it by epitaxy.
- a set of thin layers (Bragg mirror) rather than growing it by epitaxy.
- the assembly between the thin useful layer 10 and the support substrate 1' must make it possible to preserve the high quality of said layer 10 and avoid to cause disturbances in the operation of the VCSEL 100 .
- a problem may arise from the fact that the direct bonding between a thin useful layer 10 and a support substrate 1', both of III-V semiconductor materials, requires several stages of preparation of the surfaces to be assembled, by chemical means, which may prove to be complex and therefore costly.
- the present invention proposes a solution simplifying the manufacture of VCSELs and more generally the manufacture of optoelectronic components, implementing the transfer of a first layer onto a second layer. It relates in particular to a semiconductor structure comprising a first layer of crystalline semiconductor material assembled on a second layer also of crystalline semiconductor material, via an intermediate layer having a refractive index very close to that of at least one sub-layer of the first and at least one sub-layer of the second layer, said sub-layers being adjacent to the intermediate layer.
- the intermediate layer also has a very low attenuation coefficient.
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor structure for optoelectronic applications comprising:
- the semiconductor structure is remarkable in that the intermediate layer is composed of a different material from those of the first and second layers and whose refractive index deviates by less than 0.3 from the refractive index:
- the intermediate layer also has an attenuation coefficient of less than 100.
- the attenuation coefficient of the intermediate layer is less than 10, or even less than 1, or even preferably closer to 0;
- the material of the first layer is a single crystal of high crystalline quality to form a seed for epitaxy
- the first layer forms all or part of a surface-emitting vertical cavity laser diode (VCSEL);
- VCSEL vertical cavity laser diode
- the second layer is a support substrate having an optical transparency greater than 30%;
- the semiconductor material of the first layer is gallium arsenide
- the semiconductor material of the second layer is gallium arsenide
- the material of the intermediate layer is silicon
- the first layer is an active region of a surface-emitting vertical cavity laser diode (VCSEL), and the second layer is a multilayer Bragg mirror of said laser diode;
- VCSEL surface-emitting vertical cavity laser diode
- the semiconductor material of the first layer is indium phosphide
- the semiconductor material of at least one sub-layer of the second layer adjacent to the intermediate layer is gallium arsenide
- the material of the intermediate layer is zinc germanium phosphide or boron carbide or zinc silicon arsenide.
- FIGS. 1a and 1b show semiconductor structures for manufacturing a VCSEL, according to the state of the art
- FIG. 2 shows a semiconductor structure according to the invention
- Figure 3 shows a semiconductor structure according to a first embodiment of the invention
- Figures 4a to 4g present steps of a method of manufacturing a semiconductor structure according to a first embodiment of the invention
- Figures 5a and 5f present steps of a method of manufacturing a semiconductor structure, according to a variant of the first embodiment of the invention
- FIG.6b [Fig.6c] Figures 6a to 6c show semiconductor structures according to a second embodiment of one invention.
- the figures are schematic representations which, for the purpose of readability, are not to scale.
- the thicknesses of the layers along the z axis are not to scale with respect to the lateral dimensions along the x and y axes.
- the invention relates to a semiconductor structure 150 specially adapted for optoelectronic applications.
- first layer 10 of a crystalline semiconductor material placed on an intermediate layer 50, itself placed on a second layer 40 of a crystalline semiconductor material.
- these layers 10,40,50 extend parallel to a main plane (x,y) and have a thickness along an axis z.
- the front face 150a of the semiconductor structure 150 is located on the side of the first layer 10 and its rear face 150b is located on the side of the second layer 40.
- the semiconductor structure 150 may be in the form of a wafer, the diameter of which is for example between 50 mm and 200 mm: in this case it is intended to accommodate a plurality of optoelectronic components which may subsequently be singled out. It can alternatively be in the form of a smaller thumbnail, housing an optoelectronic component or a group of components.
- the crystalline semiconductor materials respectively forming the first layer 10 and the second layer 40 can be of the same nature or of different nature. Being intended for the production of optoelectronic components, they are advantageously chosen from III-V semiconductor compounds, such as gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, and other binary III-V compounds. , ternary or quaternary. Note that the first layer 10 (and/or the second layer 40) may (have) be composed of a stack of sub-layers of different dopings or compositions or have a homogeneous composition.
- the semiconductor structure 150 further comprises a direct bonding interface 51, said interface 51 being included in or adjacent to the intermediate layer 50.
- direct bonding is meant a bonding not requiring an adhesive material and based on molecular adhesion between the assembled surfaces.
- the refractive index of the intermediate layer 50 deviates by less than 0.3, or even less than 0.2, refractive index:
- the difference in refractive index between the sub-layer in contact with the intermediate layer 50 and said intermediate layer 50 is less than 0.3, or even less than 0.2.
- the difference in refractive index between the first layer 10 (respectively the second layer 40) and the intermediate layer 50 is less than 0.3, or even less at 0.2.
- the intermediate layer 50 has an attenuation coefficient k of less than 100, or even less than 10, or even less than 1, and preferably as close to zero as possible to limit the attenuation of the light signal intended to pass through said layer. 50.
- k the attenuation coefficient
- the optical index of materials is broken down into a refractive index n (mentioned above), which is the real part of the optical index, and an attenuation coefficient k, the imaginary part of the optical index (n + ik) .
- the intermediate layer 50 of the structure 150 is also composed of a different material from those of the first 10 and second 40 layers, in particular because this layer fulfills an additional function, namely to promote assembly by bonding between the first layer 10 and the second layer 40.
- the refractive index of the first layer 10 is equal to 3
- the attenuation coefficient of the intermediate layer 50 is for its part less than 100, 10, or 1.
- the intermediate layer 50 of the semiconductor structure 150 does not provide or very little disturbance if the light signal has to pass through said intermediate layer 50.
- the intermediate layer 50 promotes direct bonding between the first layer 10 and the second layer 40 by simplifying the surface preparation steps prior to assembly, the material of the intermediate layer 50 was chosen in particular for its ease of preparation; it also allows an arrangement of the atoms at low temperature, favorable to assembly, while limiting the stresses between the layers 10 and 40.
- the interface roughness between the different layers 10 , 50 , 40 or sub-layers is preferably kept below approximately 5 nm RMS (measured by atomic force microscopy, AFM, on 10 micron scans by 10 microns), to limit the diffusion of the light signal on said interfaces.
- the material of the intermediate layer 50 is amorphous, so as to limit the stress field linked to the bonding of two materials whose crystal lattices are not aligned and/or whose lattice parameters are different, and so as to avoid the formation of nano-bubbles at the bonding interface.
- the semiconductor structure 150 is intended to accommodate VCSEL type components with emission of the laser signal by the rear face 150b.
- the material of the first layer 10 is a high quality single crystal intended to form a seed for the epitaxial growth of the stack of layers comprising the active region 2 sandwiched between the two Bragg mirrors 3a, 3b.
- the second layer 40 is a support substrate 40 having a high optical transparency (potentially better than that of the first layer 10), typically greater than 30%.
- support substrate 40 is of lower crystalline quality than first layer 10 (FIG. 3).
- the semiconductor material of the first layer 10 is gallium arsenide (GaAs), with a crystalline quality allowing growth without defects, typically n-type GaAs ( ⁇ 10 18 at/cm 3 ) suitable for the intended application and having a density of dislocation type defects of less than 500/cm 2 .
- the thickness of the first layer 10 is between 50 and 1500 nm.
- the semiconductor material of the second layer 40 is gallium arsenide and has less absorbance (better optical transparency) compared to the material of the first layer 10, at the operating length of the targeted component.
- the second layer 40 which constitutes the support substrate 40 of the semiconductor structure 150 does not require a high crystalline quality in that it essentially plays the role of a mechanical support. Its thickness is for example between 200 and 2000 microns.
- the gallium arsenide of the support substrate 40 is also chosen to be semi-insulating, in order to limit the absorption of the light signal and therefore to promote the efficiency of the VCSEL component.
- the first layer 10 and the support substrate 40 have a refractive index equal to 3.52.
- the material of the intermediate layer 50 is silicon (Si), and in particular, an amorphous silicon.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 50 can vary between 1 nm and 100 nm. For a wavelength of the light signal of the order of 900 nm, the intermediate layer 50 has a refractive index equal to 3.6 and an attenuation coefficient very close to 0.
- a semiconductor structure 150 according to this first embodiment can be produced using a layer transfer process by bonding and thinning, known from the state of the art. Particularly suitable for the transfer of very thin layers, we can notably cite the Smart CutTM process.
- a first step a) consists of supplying a donor substrate 11, from which the first layer 10 will be taken (FIG. 4a).
- the donor substrate 11 may consist of a solid GaAs substrate having the properties and characteristics expected for the first layer 10. Alternatively, it may comprise an initial substrate IIa and one or more surface layers 11b of high quality, for example formed (s) by epitaxy on the initial substrate IIa: the first layer 10 will then be taken from the said surface layer(s) 11b.
- a second step b) consists of supplying a support substrate 40 intended to form the second layer 40 of the semiconductor structure 150 (FIG. 4b).
- the quality and the characteristics of the support substrate 40 in GaAs are in accordance with the intended application, as mentioned previously.
- a bonding layer 5 of amorphous Si is then deposited on the donor substrate 11 and/or on the support substrate 40 (FIG. 4c): after assembly of the two substrates 11,40, this (or these) bonding layer(s) 5 will be (will be) buried in the structure and will form (have) the intermediate layer 50.
- the bonding layer 5 in Si can be formed by a known technique implementing chemical phase deposition vapor (CVD) (such as for example plasma-activated CVD (PECVD)), or epitaxy or physical vapor deposition (PVD).
- CVD chemical phase deposition vapor
- PECVD plasma-activated CVD
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- the deposition is typically carried out at a temperature between 200°C and 700°C.
- the typical thickness of a bonding layer 5 is between 1 nm and 20 nm.
- a fourth step d) comprises the introduction of light ions into the donor substrate 11 so as to form a buried fragile plane 12 which delimits, with a front face of the donor substrate 11, the layer which will be transferred, namely the first layer 10 (FIG. 4d).
- a ion implantation of helium or hydrogen or these two ions at a dose of 1 E +16 at/cm 2 to 5 E +17 at/cm 2 and an energy of the order of 100 keV makes it possible to form the buried fragile plane 12 which will make it possible to transfer a first layer 10 of 500 nm (resp. 700 nm) in thickness, for an implantation of helium (resp. hydrogen) ions.
- cleaning and surface preparations can be carried out before and/or after implantation, so as to eliminate potential particulate, organic or metallic contamination.
- a fifth step e) comprises assembling the donor substrate 11 with the support substrate 40, to form a bonded assembly along a bonding interface 51 (FIG. 4e).
- This assembly consists of bringing the front faces of the two substrates 11, 40 into intimate contact, provided with the bonding layer(s) 5.
- ADB or SAB type direct under atmosphere and controlled temperature
- an ADB type bonding can be carried out under ultrahigh vacuum after having deposited on the substrates 11 and 40 the bonding layer 5 of amorphous silicon.
- the bonded assembly can advantageously undergo a heat treatment for the consolidation of the bonding interface 51, typically at a temperature between 150° C. and 600° C., for a few minutes to a few hours.
- FIG. 4e illustrates a bonding interface 51 located in the intermediate layer 50; said interface 51 can alternatively be located between first layer 10 and intermediate layer 50 when bonding layer 5 is not deposited only on the support substrate 40, or be located between the support substrate 40 and the intermediate layer 50, when the bonding layer 5 is only deposited on the donor substrate 11. Even in the case where the bonding layer 5 n is deposited on one of the donor 11 and support 40 substrates, direct bonding is facilitated.
- a sixth step f) comprises the separation along the buried fragile plane 12 due to the presence and/or the growth of cavities and microcracks in said plane (FIG. 4f).
- a separation takes place for example during a heat treatment capable of causing the development of the cavities and their pressurization, and of leading to the spontaneous propagation of a fracture wave in the buried fragile plane 12.
- the separation heat treatment typically corresponds to annealing at 200° C. for 120 minutes.
- the separation can be caused by a mechanical stress applied to the buried fragile plane 12.
- the semiconductor structure 150 is obtained on the one hand with its first layer 10 placed on the intermediate layer 50, itself placed on the support substrate 40 (or second layer 40) ; on the other hand, the remainder 11' of the donor substrate is obtained.
- Step f) can then include surface treatments (cleaning, polishing, etching) or other smoothing treatments, to improve the surface quality of the first layer 10.
- This structure 150 according to the invention is advantageous compared to a structure which would implement direct bonding of the first layer 10 and the second layer 40, without intermediate layer, because it greatly facilitates the steps of preparing the surfaces before assembly and provides excellent bonding quality; it also eliminates the risk formation of dislocations between the crystals of the first layer 10 and of the second layer 40. It should be recalled that the bonding defects of the nano-bubble type and the crystallographic defects (of the dislocation type) are capable of disturbing a light signal crossing the interface of bonding 51, which can be harmful to certain optoelectronic components likely to be developed on the semiconductor structure 150.
- Steps g) of successive epitaxies intended to develop the optoelectronic component(s), in this case VCSEL type components, can then be applied to the semiconductor structure 150, using the first layer 10 as epitaxial seed (FIG. 4g).
- steps known from the state of the art, lead in particular to the formation of the active region 2 of the VCSEL sandwiched between two Bragg mirrors 3a, 3b, based on gallium arsenide.
- the first layer 10 forms all or part of a VCSEL component, the second layer 40 still being the support substrate 40 of high optical transparency at the wavelength optical component operating rating and optionally low crystal quality.
- the first layer 10 therefore comprises a plurality of sub-layers.
- the donor substrate 11 comprises, for example, the active layer 2 and the two Bragg mirrors as illustrated in FIG. 5a, or part of this stack. All or part of the VCSEL component is thus transferred as first layer 10 at the end of step f) (FIG. 5f).
- the fact that the intermediate layer 50 has an attenuation coefficient very low (close to 0) and a refractive index close to that of the first layer 10 (or that of a sub-layer of the first layer 10, adjacent to the intermediate layer 50) and that of the support substrate 40 allows emission of the laser signal from the VCSEL component by the rear face 150b of the semiconductor structure 150, without disturbance and attenuation of the signal due to the crossing of the intermediate layer 50 and of the support substrate 40.
- the semiconductor structure 150 according to this first embodiment is also suitable for other types of optoelectronic components, transmitting or receiving an optical signal, both by the front face 150a and by the rear face 150b.
- the semiconductor structure 150 is also intended to accommodate a component of the VCSEL type. But this time, the first layer 10 forms an active region 2 of a VCSEL, and the second layer 40 forms a multilayer Bragg mirror 3a (FIG. 6a).
- the semiconductor material of the first layer 10 comprises at least one layer of indium phosphide (InP), having a density of dislocation type defects of less than 5000/cm 2 .
- the thickness of the first layer 10 is between 10 and 1500 nm. For a wavelength of the light signal of the order of 1.55 microns, the first layer 10 has a refractive index equal to 3.1.
- the second layer 40 comprises gallium arsenide and is formed of a plurality of stacked sub-layers having dopings and compositions (refer in particular to the article by A.Syrbu cited in the introduction) defined to form a mirror of Bragg for a light signal with a wavelength of 1.55 microns.
- the sub-layers are for example formed from GaAs (optical refractive index of the order of 3.37 at the wavelength considered), aluminum arsenide (AlAs) (refractive index of order of 2.89) and ternary GaAlAs compounds.
- the thickness of the second layer 40 is between 1 and 6 ⁇ m.
- the material of the intermediate layer 50 is zinc germanium phosphide (ZnGeP2) or boron carbide (B4C) or zinc silicon arsenide (ZnSiAs2).
- ZnGeP2 zinc germanium phosphide
- B4C boron carbide
- ZnSiAs2 zinc silicon arsenide
- an intermediate layer 50 made of ZnGeP2, B4C or ZnSiAs2 respectively has a refractive index equal to 3.17, 3.25 or 3.26 and an attenuation coefficient of less than 10.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 50 can vary between 1 nm and 100 nm.
- first layer 10 that is to say adjacent to the intermediate layer 50, a sub-layer of the second layer 40 which has the refractive index closest to the first layer. 10 (that is to say with a refractive index difference of less than 0.3).
- the semiconductor structure 150 advantageously comprises a support substrate 41 placed under the second layer 40 (FIG. 6b).
- the support substrate 41 does not require a high crystalline quality in that it essentially plays the role of a mechanical support. It can be formed in InP or GaAs. Its thickness is for example between 250 and 1000 microns depending on its diameter.
- the support substrate 41 is chosen with an optical extinction coefficient k (or attenuation coefficient ) as low as possible and ideally equal to 0, in order to limit the absorption of the light signal and consequently to promote the efficiency of the VCSEL component.
- a second intermediate layer 52 of the same nature as intermediate layer 50, can be interposed between support substrate 41 and second layer 40; this option is particularly advantageous in the case where the light signal must pass through the support substrate 41, to limit the disturbances and attenuation of the signal.
- a second bonding interface 51' is located in the second intermediate layer 52, or is adjacent to the latter.
- a semiconductor structure 150 according to this second embodiment can be produced from a layer transfer process by bonding and thinning known from the state of the art, in particular the Smart CutTM process detailed with reference to the first embodiment.
- Steps similar to those previously mentioned are implemented, and potentially repeated in the case of a second bonding interface 51'.
- the steps g) of successive epitaxies intended to produce the component(s) of the VCSEL type consist in the formation of the second Bragg mirror 3b on the first layer 10 (which consists of the active region 2 of the VCSEL).
- the epitaxy steps are replaced by the transfer of a layer forming the second Bragg mirror 3b, via a third intermediate layer 53, of the same nature as the intermediate layer 50 (FIG. 6c).
- a third bonding interface 51'' is located in the third intermediate layer 53, or is adjacent to the latter.
- the semiconductor structure 150 according to the second embodiment makes it possible to manufacture a VCSEL component emitting at a wavelength around 1.55 microns, by simplifying the manufacture of Bragg mirrors 3a, 3b, which usually require a very large number of successive layers epitaxially grown in InP.
- the transfer of a Bragg mirror in GaAs (requiring a smaller stack of layers) on an active region in InP, via an intermediate layer 50 having a low attenuation coefficient and an index difference of refraction less than 0.3 with the index of the active region 2 (first layer 10) allows the development of an efficient VCSEL component.
- the semiconductor structure 150 is compatible with a VCSEL component emitting via the front face 150a or via the rear face 150b, due to the implementation of a second 52, or even a third 53 intermediate layer having a refractive index difference of less than 0.3 with that of the first layer 10 (or active region 2), and having a low attenuation coefficient.
- the semiconductor structure 150 according to the invention can be adapted to other optoelectronic applications such as photodetectors for example.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Led Devices (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
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CN202280063008.5A CN117957732A (zh) | 2021-09-22 | 2022-09-08 | 用于光电应用的半导体结构 |
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FR2109949A FR3127341B1 (fr) | 2021-09-22 | 2021-09-22 | Structure semi-conductrice pour applications optoelectroniques |
FRFR2109949 | 2021-09-22 |
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WO2023047037A1 true WO2023047037A1 (fr) | 2023-03-30 |
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PCT/FR2022/051695 WO2023047037A1 (fr) | 2021-09-22 | 2022-09-08 | Structure semi-conductrice pour applications optoelectroniques |
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CN (1) | CN117957732A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3127341B1 (fr) |
TW (1) | TW202335385A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2023047037A1 (fr) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020074546A1 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2002-06-20 | Fujitsu Limited | Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof |
US20030213950A1 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2003-11-20 | Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. | Alternative substrates for epitaxial growth |
WO2021125005A1 (fr) | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | Dispositif luminescent, et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci |
-
2021
- 2021-09-22 FR FR2109949A patent/FR3127341B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-09-07 TW TW111133841A patent/TW202335385A/zh unknown
- 2022-09-08 CN CN202280063008.5A patent/CN117957732A/zh active Pending
- 2022-09-08 WO PCT/FR2022/051695 patent/WO2023047037A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030213950A1 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2003-11-20 | Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. | Alternative substrates for epitaxial growth |
US20020074546A1 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2002-06-20 | Fujitsu Limited | Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof |
WO2021125005A1 (fr) | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | Dispositif luminescent, et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
A. SYRBU ET AL.: "1.5-mW single-mode opération of wafer-fused 1550-nm VCSELs", IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 16, May 2004 (2004-05-01), pages 1230 - 1232, XP011111562, DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2004.826099 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3127341B1 (fr) | 2023-11-24 |
TW202335385A (zh) | 2023-09-01 |
FR3127341A1 (fr) | 2023-03-24 |
CN117957732A (zh) | 2024-04-30 |
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