WO2023040192A1 - Dispositif et système de changement de température, et procédé pour augmenter la température de vapeur à basse température - Google Patents

Dispositif et système de changement de température, et procédé pour augmenter la température de vapeur à basse température Download PDF

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WO2023040192A1
WO2023040192A1 PCT/CN2022/076897 CN2022076897W WO2023040192A1 WO 2023040192 A1 WO2023040192 A1 WO 2023040192A1 CN 2022076897 W CN2022076897 W CN 2022076897W WO 2023040192 A1 WO2023040192 A1 WO 2023040192A1
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temperature
steam
low
heat exchanger
pressure
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PCT/CN2022/076897
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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吴加林
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成都佳灵绿色能源有限责任公司
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Priority claimed from CN202122274293.0U external-priority patent/CN216159011U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202111112350.3A external-priority patent/CN114251636A/zh
Application filed by 成都佳灵绿色能源有限责任公司 filed Critical 成都佳灵绿色能源有限责任公司
Publication of WO2023040192A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023040192A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical fields of thermodynamics and energy, in particular to a temperature changing device, a system and a method for raising the temperature of low-temperature steam.
  • thermodynamic energy is energy quantum, which is referred to as quantum for short.
  • Any object with a thermodynamic temperature above 0k has thermodynamic energy, and its essence is the energy generated by quantum motion.
  • the thermodynamic energy of any unit of matter and its thermodynamic temperature It is proportional to the specific heat and is also equal to the energy value in Planck's energy formula;
  • E is the energy
  • T is the thermodynamic temperature
  • C is the specific heat of the substance
  • N is the number of quantum
  • H is Planck's constant
  • V is the frequency of the quantum
  • a temperature changing device including a steam generator, a heating system and a cooler
  • the steam generator is used to collect low-temperature heat energy
  • the heating system is used to convert low-temperature steam into high-temperature gaseous working fluid to generate high-temperature heat energy
  • the cooler is used to transfer high-temperature heat energy to external equipment for utilization, and at the same time convert the gaseous working medium into liquid working fluid and return To the steam generator, maintain a continuous cycle of steam generator, heating system and cooler.
  • the heating system includes a heat exchanger and a blower
  • the heat exchanger has a low-pressure circuit and a high-pressure circuit
  • the blower is connected to the low-pressure circuit and the high-pressure circuit of the heat exchanger
  • the low-temperature steam generated by the steam generator enters the heat
  • the low-pressure circuit of the exchanger returns to the high-pressure circuit of the heat exchanger after being pressurized and heated by the blower.
  • Enthalpy, high-temperature steam is continuously cooled, and finally turns into liquid and returns to the steam generator to realize self-feedback thermal compression steam heating.
  • the heat exchanger includes a regenerator and a first heat exchanger
  • the steam generator, the regenerator, the first heat exchanger and the blower are connected in series in sequence
  • the cooler and the first heat exchanger Parallel connection the pipeline after the cooling of the cooler is connected to the high-pressure circuit between the regenerator and the first heat exchanger, the low-temperature steam is heated by the residual heat energy of the cooler, and the high-pressure circuit steam is cooled and liquefied by the low-temperature steam, preferably Ground
  • the blower and the first heat exchanger are provided with insulation layers.
  • the heat exchanger includes a regenerator, a first heat exchanger, and a second heat exchanger
  • the second heat exchanger is used to increase the temperature difference between the high-pressure loop and the low-pressure loop at the high-temperature end of the first heat exchanger
  • the blower, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are provided with an insulation layer.
  • the regenerator is connected in series between the steam generator and the first heat exchanger, the high-temperature and low-pressure end of the first heat exchanger is connected to the low-temperature and low-pressure end of the second heat exchanger, and the The high temperature and high pressure end is connected to the output end of the blower, the high temperature and low pressure end of the second heat exchanger is connected to the input end of the blower, the high temperature and high pressure end of the second heat exchanger is connected to the output end of the blower, and the low temperature and high pressure end of the second heat exchanger
  • the air end is connected with the inlet end of the cooler, the first air outlet end of the cooler is connected with the high temperature and high pressure end of the regenerator, and the second air outlet end of the cooler is connected with external equipment.
  • the regenerator is connected in series between the steam generator and the first heat exchanger, the high-temperature and low-pressure end of the first heat exchanger is connected to the input end of the blower, and the output end of the blower exchanges heat with the second
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure end of the second heat exchanger is connected to the high-temperature and high-pressure end of the second heat exchanger
  • the first gas outlet of the cooler is connected to the high-temperature and high-pressure end of the regenerator
  • the second gas outlet of the cooler is connected to the high-temperature and high-pressure end of the regenerator
  • the external equipment is connected, and the low-pressure circuit of the second heat exchanger introduces external high-temperature heat energy to generate a temperature difference.
  • the heating system further includes a temperature regulating valve, which is arranged in the high-pressure circuit of the heating system, and is used to control the flow distribution of the high-temperature and high-pressure steam output by the blower between the cooler and the first heat exchanger , so as to control the temperature range of the high temperature steam output by the cooler.
  • a temperature regulating valve which is arranged in the high-pressure circuit of the heating system, and is used to control the flow distribution of the high-temperature and high-pressure steam output by the blower between the cooler and the first heat exchanger , so as to control the temperature range of the high temperature steam output by the cooler.
  • the first heat exchanger is an isenthalpic heat exchanger, so that the low-pressure circuit increases enthalpy at constant pressure, and the high-pressure circuit decreases enthalpy at constant pressure.
  • the liquid working medium includes one or more of nitrogen, air, R23, R410a and carbon dioxide.
  • a temperature changing system comprising a plurality of the above-mentioned temperature changing devices connected in series.
  • the temperature changing device includes a steam generator, a temperature raising system, and a cooler
  • the heat exchanger includes a regenerator, a first heat exchanger, and a second heat exchanger, and the second heat exchanger
  • the exchanger is used to increase the temperature difference between the high-pressure circuit and the low-pressure circuit at the high-temperature end of the first heat exchanger.
  • the adjacent temperature-changing devices are connected in series through the second heat exchanger to form a multi-stage temperature-raising system.
  • the cooler of the first-stage temperature-changing device converts the high-temperature
  • the heat energy is transmitted to the external equipment, and the coolers of other temperature-changing devices are the second heat exchangers of the corresponding upper-level temperature-changing devices.
  • the regenerator is connected in series between the steam generator and the first heat exchanger, and the high-temperature and low-pressure end of the first heat exchanger is connected with the low-temperature and low-pressure end of the second heat exchanger connection, the high temperature and high pressure end of the first heat exchanger is connected to the output end of the blower, the high temperature and low pressure end of the second heat exchanger is connected to the input end of the blower, and the high temperature and high pressure end of the second heat exchanger is connected to the output end of the blower,
  • the low-temperature and high-pressure end of the second heat exchanger is connected to the input end of the second heat exchanger of the upper-stage temperature-changing device, and the output end of the second heat exchanger of the upper-stage temperature-changing device is connected to the last-stage heat exchanger recuperator
  • the high temperature and high pressure side is connected.
  • a method for raising the temperature of low-temperature steam by using the above-mentioned temperature changing device including:
  • the low-temperature heat energy is collected by the steam generator, and the liquid working medium is converted into low-temperature steam;
  • the low-temperature steam is converted into a high-temperature gaseous working medium through the heating system to generate high-temperature heat energy;
  • the gaseous working medium is converted into liquid working medium by the cooler and returned to the steam generator to maintain the continuous circulation of the steam generator, heating system and cooler.
  • the liquid working medium is converted into low-temperature steam through a steam generator
  • the low-temperature steam enters the low-pressure circuit of the first heat exchanger, and the temperature is raised to obtain high-temperature steam;
  • the high-temperature steam is pressurized by a blower and converted into high-pressure steam;
  • a part of high-pressure steam transfers high-temperature heat energy to external equipment through the cooler for utilization, part of the high-pressure steam returns to the high-pressure circuit through the cooler, and part of the high-pressure steam returns to the high-pressure circuit through the first heat exchanger, and the high-pressure circuit heats the low-pressure circuit to realize the low-pressure circuit
  • a low-pressure circuit and a high-pressure circuit between the steam generator and the blower are constructed through the regenerator, the first heat exchanger, and the second heat exchange;
  • the liquid working medium is converted into low-temperature steam through a steam generator
  • the low-temperature steam enters the low-pressure circuit of the first heat exchanger, and the temperature is raised to obtain high-temperature steam, which enters the low-pressure circuit of the second heat exchanger, and further heats up;
  • the high-temperature steam is pressurized by a blower and converted into high-pressure steam;
  • Part of the high-pressure steam passes through the cooler to transfer high-temperature heat energy to external equipment for utilization, part of the high-pressure steam returns to the high-pressure circuit through the first heat exchanger, and part of the high-pressure steam returns to the high-pressure circuit through the second heat exchanger and cooler, and passes through the second heat exchange
  • the high-pressure circuit increases the temperature difference between the high-pressure circuit and the low-pressure circuit at the high-temperature end of the first heat exchanger.
  • the high-pressure circuit heats the low-pressure circuit to increase the enthalpy temperature of the low-pressure circuit, and reduce the enthalpy temperature of the high-pressure circuit.
  • the high-pressure steam is continuously cooled, and finally becomes As the liquid returns to the steam generator, the enthalpy increase and decrease are continuously circulated, so that the temperature at the inlet and outlet of the blower continues to rise.
  • a low-pressure circuit and a high-pressure circuit between the steam generator and the blower are constructed through the regenerator, the first heat exchanger, and the second heat exchange;
  • the liquid working medium is converted into low-temperature steam through a steam generator
  • the low-temperature steam enters the low-pressure circuit of the first heat exchanger, and the temperature is raised to obtain high-temperature steam;
  • the high-temperature steam is pressurized by a blower and converted into high-pressure steam;
  • the temperature difference is generated by introducing external high-temperature heat energy through the second heat exchanger, which increases the temperature difference between the high-pressure circuit and the low-pressure circuit at the high-temperature end of the first heat exchanger, and heats up the high-pressure steam through the second heat exchanger;
  • Part of the heated high-pressure steam passes through the cooler to transfer high-temperature heat energy to external equipment for utilization, part of the heated high-pressure steam returns to the high-pressure circuit through the cooler, and part of the heated high-pressure steam returns to the high-pressure circuit through the first heat exchanger, and the high-pressure circuit
  • the low-pressure circuit is heated to increase the enthalpy temperature of the low-pressure circuit, and reduce the enthalpy temperature of the high-pressure circuit.
  • the high-pressure steam is continuously cooled, and finally turns into a liquid and returns to the steam generator. The temperature keeps rising.
  • the liquid working medium is selected according to the working temperature range.
  • the liquid working medium is nitrogen and air; when the low-temperature steam is higher than minus 50°C, and the high-temperature steam is lower than 200°C , choose refrigerant R23 or R410a as the liquid working medium; choose carbon dioxide as the liquid working medium when the high-temperature steam is higher than 200°C.
  • a method for raising the temperature of low-temperature steam by using the above-mentioned variable temperature system including:
  • the low-temperature heat energy is collected through the steam generators of the first-stage temperature-changing device and the last-stage temperature-changing device, and the liquid working medium is converted into low-temperature steam;
  • the low-temperature steam generated by the first-stage temperature-changing device enters the low-pressure circuit of the first heat exchanger of the first-stage temperature-changing device, and the temperature is raised to obtain high-temperature steam.
  • the high-temperature steam is pressurized by a blower and converted into high-pressure steam, which is converted into high-pressure steam by the second heat exchanger.
  • the high-pressure steam heats up, part of the heated high-pressure steam transmits high-temperature heat energy to external equipment for utilization through the cooler, part of the heated high-pressure steam returns to the high-pressure circuit through the first heat exchanger, and part of the heated high-pressure steam is converted through the cooler
  • the liquid working medium is returned to the high-pressure circuit, and the high-pressure circuit heats the low-pressure circuit to increase the enthalpy temperature of the low-pressure circuit, and reduce the enthalpy temperature of the high-pressure circuit, and the high-pressure steam is continuously cooled, and finally returns to the steam generator as a liquid working medium;
  • the low-temperature steam generated by the steam generator of the last-stage temperature-changing device enters the low-pressure circuit of the first heat exchanger of the last-stage temperature-changing device, and the temperature rises to obtain high-temperature steam, which enters the low-pressure circuit of the second heat exchanger and further heats up;
  • the high-temperature steam is pressurized and converted into high-pressure steam; part of the high-pressure steam returns to the high-pressure circuit through the first heat exchanger, and part of the high-pressure steam passes through the second heat exchanger of the last-stage temperature-changing device and the second heat exchange of the upper-stage temperature-changing device The device returns to the high-pressure circuit of the last-stage temperature-changing device.
  • the high-pressure circuit heats the low-pressure circuit to increase the enthalpy temperature of the low-pressure circuit, and decrease the enthalpy temperature of the high-pressure circuit.
  • the high-pressure steam is continuously cooled, and finally returns to the steam generator as a liquid;
  • the high-temperature heat energy of the last-stage temperature-changing device is output to the second heat exchanger of the upper-stage temperature-changing device, so that the second heat exchanger of the upper-stage temperature-changing device generates a temperature difference, and the temperature difference and the temperature rise generated by the upper-stage blower Increase the temperature difference between the high-pressure loop and the low-pressure loop at the high-temperature end of the first heat exchanger of the upper-stage temperature changing device;
  • the second heat exchanger of the upper-stage temperature-changing device acts as a cooler for the next-stage temperature-changing device, and the high-temperature heat energy generated by the lower-stage temperature-changing device causes a temperature difference in the second heat exchanger of the upper-stage temperature-changing device, making the multi-stage temperature changing device
  • the high-pressure loop and low-pressure loop continuously cycle the enthalpy increase and decrease, and the temperature of the high-temperature heat energy output from the first-stage temperature-changing device to the last-stage temperature-changing device increases step by step.
  • the total area of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger is minimized by adjusting the temperature difference.
  • the stages of the variable temperature system and the power of each stage of variable temperature devices are divided.
  • the flow distribution of the high-temperature and high-pressure steam output by the blower between the cooler and the first heat exchanger is controlled by adjusting the temperature regulating valve, thereby controlling the temperature range of the high-temperature steam output by the cooler.
  • the temperature changing device and temperature changing system of the present invention include a steam generator, a cooler, and a heating system for self-feedback thermally compressed steam to upgrade low-temperature energy to high-temperature energy:
  • the steam generator collects low-temperature heat energy existing in air, water, and soil
  • the liquid working medium is converted into low-temperature steam to realize energy collection;
  • the heating system is composed of a heat exchanger with a high-low pressure circuit and a blower in series. Under the pressure of the blower, the low-temperature steam enters from the low-pressure circuit of the heating system and passes After the blower is pressurized and heated up, it returns to the high-pressure loop of the heating system.
  • the high-temperature steam after the temperature is increased is sent to the cooler for cooling, and then returns to the low-temperature end of the heat exchanger that increases and decreases the enthalpy, continues to be cooled into a liquid, and returns to the steam generator, thus realizing self-efficacy.
  • Feedback thermal compression steam heating system function the cooler utilizes or transfers all the high-temperature heat energy of the high-temperature steam after heating.
  • the steam generator is responsible for the collection of low-temperature heat energy
  • the heating system is responsible for the temperature increase
  • the cooler is responsible for the utilization of high-temperature heat energy. Together, they achieve the goal of converting low-temperature energy into high-temperature energy, and can achieve an energy efficiency ratio of 1:30-50.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of an embodiment of temperature variable device of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the temperature changing device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the temperature changing device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the variable temperature system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of an embodiment of the temperature changing device of the present invention, as shown in Fig. Composition, the steam generator 11 collects the low-temperature heat energy existing in the air, water, and soil, and converts the liquid working medium into low-temperature steam to realize energy collection; the cooler 13 utilizes or transfers all the low-temperature heat energy after the temperature rise;
  • the temperature raising system 12 raises the low-temperature steam to the high-temperature steam, and the temperature raising system is composed of a temperature regulating valve 124, a blower 123, a first heat exchanger 122 and a regenerator 121, and the first heat exchanger is an isenthalpy heat exchanger;
  • the blower It has a low-pressure end and a high-pressure end, and has a low-pressure loop 14 and a high-pressure loop 15.
  • the first heat exchanger and the regenerator are arranged between the low-pressure loop and the high-pressure loop, that is, the low-temperature low-pressure end of the steam generator and the regenerator
  • the high temperature and low pressure end of the regenerator is connected to the low temperature and low pressure end of the first heat exchanger, the high temperature and low pressure end of the first heat exchanger is connected to the input end of the blower, and the output end of the blower is connected to the first heat exchanger respectively.
  • the high temperature and high pressure end of the exchanger is connected to the inlet end of the cooler, the low temperature and high pressure end of the first heat exchanger is connected to the inlet end of the temperature regulating valve, and the gas outlet end of the temperature regulating valve is connected to the first gas outlet port of the cooler.
  • the first gas outlet of the cooler is also connected to the high temperature and high pressure side of the regenerator, the low temperature and high pressure side of the regenerator is connected to the low temperature and high pressure side of the steam generator, and the second gas outlet of the cooler is connected to external
  • the method for raising the temperature of the low-temperature steam by the above-mentioned first temperature changing device includes:
  • the low-temperature heat energy is collected by the steam generator, and the liquid working medium is converted into low-temperature steam;
  • the low-temperature steam enters the low-pressure circuit of the first heat exchanger through the regenerator, and the temperature is raised to obtain high-temperature steam;
  • the high-temperature steam is pressurized by a blower and converted into high-pressure steam;
  • a part of high-pressure steam transfers high-temperature heat energy to external equipment through the cooler for utilization, part of the high-pressure steam returns to the high-pressure circuit through the cooler, and part of the high-pressure steam returns to the high-pressure circuit through the first heat exchanger, and the high-pressure circuit heats the low-pressure circuit to realize the low-pressure circuit
  • the above-mentioned temperature changing device includes a steam generator, a cooler and a heating system for mechanically compressing thermal power steam.
  • the heating system includes a blower and a first heat exchanger.
  • the blower has a low-pressure circuit and a high-pressure circuit.
  • a steam generator that generates saturated steam at a pressure of 1 MPa per ton and a temperature of 180°C has an inlet water temperature of 15°C.
  • the energy source is river water, the inlet water temperature is 15°C, and the discharge temperature is 0°C.
  • the required power is 750 kilowatts
  • the flow rate of water per hour is 43 cubic meters
  • the working medium is carbon dioxide
  • the first temperature-changing device produces high-temperature sensible heat, and there is a temperature slip when heating the water vapor, raising the temperature of carbon dioxide gas to 360-400°C, specifically:
  • the liquid working medium carbon dioxide in the variable temperature device lowers the temperature of water from 15°C to 0°C through the steam generator. After the low-temperature heat energy is collected, the liquid working medium is converted into low-temperature steam at minus 5°C. The low-temperature steam passes through the regenerator.
  • the low-pressure circuit of the first heat exchanger enters the blower, and the blower raises the temperature and pressure of the steam and sends it to the high-pressure circuit of the first heat exchanger. There is a temperature difference between the high and low pressure circuits, so the high-pressure circuit heats the low-pressure circuit to realize the low-pressure circuit.
  • Adjusting the speed of the blower can adjust the flow of the gas, so that the variable temperature can be adjusted within the corresponding range.
  • the output temperature and output power of the device; for the outside, the low-temperature gas can be moved to any high temperature, and the power consumption has little to do with the temperature difference of the gas rise.
  • the temperature changing device refers to raising the low-temperature gas with constant enthalpy to the required temperature range.
  • the energy consumed when the temperature is raised has little to do with the range of the temperature raised.
  • the pressure that the blower needs to generate only needs to be very small, such as 20 ⁇ 300 kPa (different refrigerants have different boost values), mainly used to overcome pipeline resistance and drive gas flow, and at the same time, due to the pumping effect of the blower, a low temperature and low pressure are formed in the steam generator, thereby providing a boost for the steam generator.
  • the work creates necessary conditions; when the temperature before and after the blower compresses the steam is increased to 5 degrees, the power consumption is approximately equivalent to 5 kW, and the increased energy is 300 kW, 300 ⁇ 5, and the energy efficiency ratio can reach 1:60, considering water pumps, etc.
  • the energy efficiency ratio is preferably about 1:30, but the energy efficiency ratio of mechanical refrigeration compressors is only 1: (1-3).
  • the range of temperature increase depends on the capacity of the isenthalpic heat exchanger. Adjusting the speed of the blower can adjust the flow rate of the gas, thereby adjusting the output temperature of the temperature-changing device. For example, the latent heat of evaporation absorbed by one kilogram of carbon dioxide vaporized is 300 kJ. How much to increase the temperature, the energy is still 300 kilojoules, but the higher the temperature is raised, the more energy is exchanged between the high and low pressure circuits, and the larger the area of the heat exchanger required, the formula is:
  • Q is the energy that needs to be exchanged, in kilowatts
  • K is the heat transfer coefficient, which is determined by the working fluid and the material and structure of the heat exchanger, and is assumed to be 1 here; The more energy, the lower the energy efficiency ratio, preferably, ⁇ T is 5°C;
  • the energy to be exchanged is:
  • the latent heat of vaporization of carbon dioxide is 248KJ/KG.
  • the enthalpy value needs to be increased by 394KJ.
  • the specific enthalpy of carbon dioxide liquid is q1 is 188kj/kg
  • the specific enthalpy q2 after absorbing energy to generate phase transformation into low-temperature steam is 436kj/kg
  • the steam specific enthalpy q3 at the output end of the temperature change device for example: the specific enthalpy is 830kj/kg when it is raised to 360 degrees
  • the specific enthalpy q1 of the liquid 188kj/kg
  • the ratio of the quality of steam input from the blower to the high temperature end of the first heat exchanger to the low temperature steam is:
  • Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the temperature changing device of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, described temperature changing device is the second temperature changing device 2, and described second temperature changing device consists of steam generator 21, cooler 23 and heating system 22, the heating system consists of a regenerator 221, a first heat exchanger 222, a second heat exchanger 223, a blower 224 and a temperature regulating valve 225, the first heat exchanger is an isenthalpy heat exchanger, and the second heat exchanger
  • the device is a temperature difference amplifier
  • the blower has a low-pressure circuit 24 and a high-pressure circuit 25, the low-temperature and low-pressure end of the steam generator is connected to the low-temperature and low-pressure end of the regenerator, and the high-temperature and low-pressure end of the regenerator is connected to the low-temperature and low-pressure end of the first heat exchanger , the high temperature and low pressure end of the first heat exchanger is connected to the low temperature and low pressure end of the second heat exchanger,
  • the method for raising the temperature of the low-temperature steam by the above-mentioned second temperature changing device includes:
  • the low-temperature heat energy is collected by the steam generator, and the liquid working medium is converted into low-temperature steam;
  • the low-temperature steam enters the low-pressure circuit of the first heat exchanger through the regenerator, and is heated to obtain high-temperature steam, which enters the low-pressure circuit of the second heat exchanger to further increase the temperature;
  • the high-temperature steam is pressurized by a blower and converted into high-pressure steam;
  • Part of the high-pressure steam passes through the cooler to transfer high-temperature heat energy to external equipment for utilization, part of the high-pressure steam returns to the high-pressure circuit through the first heat exchanger, and part of the high-pressure steam returns to the high-pressure circuit through the second heat exchanger and cooler, and passes through the second heat exchange
  • the high-pressure circuit increases the temperature difference between the high-pressure circuit and the low-pressure circuit at the high-temperature end of the first heat exchanger.
  • the high-pressure circuit heats the low-pressure circuit to increase the enthalpy temperature of the low-pressure circuit, and reduce the enthalpy temperature of the high-pressure circuit.
  • the high-pressure steam is continuously cooled, and finally becomes As the liquid returns to the steam generator, the enthalpy increase and decrease are continuously circulated, so that the temperature at the inlet and outlet of the blower continues to rise.
  • a steam generator that generates saturated steam at a pressure of 1 MPa per ton and a temperature of 180°C has an inlet water temperature of 15°C.
  • the energy source is river water, the inlet water temperature is 15°C, and the discharge temperature is 0°C.
  • the required power is 750 kilowatts
  • the flow rate of water per hour is 43 cubic meters
  • the system working medium uses carbon dioxide, in order to produce one MPa 180
  • the second temperature changing device produces high-temperature sensible heat, and there is a temperature slip when heating the water vapor, raising the temperature of carbon dioxide gas to 360-400 °C, specifically:
  • a second heat exchanger is added, and its low-pressure circuit is connected in series with the low-pressure circuit of the blower.
  • the high-pressure circuit of the blower is divided into two circuits, one of which enters the first heat exchanger.
  • the high-pressure loop transfers the high-temperature heat to the low-pressure loop to cool down and then condenses into a liquid, which returns to the steam generator, thus completing a refrigeration cycle.
  • the other way enters the high-pressure circuit of the second heat exchanger to cool down and then flows to the input circuit of the cooler.
  • the heat transfer area of the first heat exchanger is calculated as:
  • the minimum total area is only about 20% of the basic model, and the blower high-pressure circuit temperature will reach 408°C;
  • the energy output by the cooler is equal to the latent heat of evaporation per unit mass of refrigerant plus the energy consumption of the blower.
  • carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant.
  • the evaporation temperature is -5°C below zero, the evaporation pressure is 3 MPa, and the latent heat of evaporation is 248kj/kg.
  • the power consumption is 5kw/kg. So the energy efficiency ratio of the variable temperature device is equal to
  • the heating and cooling of the temperature changing device is carried out in the superheated steam area, only the latent heat generated by the steam generator can be converted into sensible heat, so the gas at -5°C is raised to 360°C, and the energy output by the cooler is equal to 253kj/ kg, the temperature of its high-temperature inlet end is equal to 360°C, and the steam at its high-temperature outlet end is sent to the connection point of the first heat exchanger and the high-pressure circuit of the regenerator to continue to reduce enthalpy and temperature, and condense into liquid and return it to the steam generator to realize a complete cycle .
  • Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the temperature changing device of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 3, described temperature changing device is the 3rd temperature changing device 3, and described 3rd temperature changing device is made up of steam generator 31, cooler 33 and heating system 32, the temperature raising system consists of the third temperature changing device including a regenerator 321, a first heat exchanger 322, a blower 323, a second heat exchanger 324 and a temperature regulating valve 325, and the first heat exchanger is an isenthalpy heat exchange
  • the second heat exchanger is a temperature difference amplifier
  • the blower has a low-pressure circuit 34 and a high-pressure circuit 35
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure end of the steam generator is connected to the low-temperature and low-pressure end of the regenerator
  • the high-temperature and low-pressure end of the regenerator is connected to the first heat exchange
  • the high temperature and low pressure end of the first heat exchanger is connected to the input end of the blower, the output end of the blower is
  • the method for raising the temperature of the low-temperature steam by the above-mentioned third temperature changing device includes:
  • the low-temperature heat energy is collected by the steam generator, and the liquid working medium is converted into low-temperature steam;
  • the low-temperature steam enters the low-pressure circuit of the first heat exchanger through the regenerator, and the temperature is raised to obtain high-temperature steam;
  • the high-temperature steam is pressurized by a blower and converted into high-pressure steam;
  • the temperature difference is generated by introducing external high-temperature heat energy through the second heat exchanger, which increases the temperature difference between the high-pressure circuit and the low-pressure circuit at the high-temperature end of the first heat exchanger, and heats up the high-pressure steam through the second heat exchanger;
  • Part of the heated high-pressure steam passes through the cooler to transfer high-temperature heat energy to external equipment for utilization, part of the heated high-pressure steam returns to the high-pressure circuit through the first heat exchanger, and part of the cooled high-pressure steam returns to the high-pressure circuit through the cooler, and the high-pressure circuit
  • the low-pressure circuit is heated to increase the enthalpy temperature of the low-pressure circuit, and reduce the enthalpy temperature of the high-pressure circuit.
  • the high-pressure steam is continuously cooled, and finally turns into a liquid and returns to the steam generator. The temperature keeps rising.
  • a steam generator that generates saturated steam at a pressure of 1 MPa per ton and a temperature of 180°C has an inlet water temperature of 15°C.
  • the energy source is river water
  • the inlet water temperature is 15°C
  • the discharge temperature is 0°C.
  • the required power is 750 kilowatts
  • the flow rate of water per hour is 43 cubic meters
  • saturated steam the third temperature-changing device produces high-temperature sensible heat, and there is a temperature slip when heating the water vapor, raising the temperature of carbon dioxide gas to 360-400°C, specifically:
  • ⁇ T is the temperature rise generated by the blower 8
  • increasing ⁇ T will inevitably increase the power loss.
  • a temperature difference amplifier was further invented, because Therefore, a second heat exchanger is added to introduce external high-temperature heat energy to generate a temperature difference.
  • the external high-temperature heat energy can be the output of other temperature-changing devices, or any other form of high-temperature heat energy output.
  • the low-temperature end of the second heat exchanger and the blower The high-pressure circuits are connected in series, and the temperature rise generated by the blower and the temperature difference generated by the second heat exchanger together form a new ⁇ T; the high-pressure circuit of the second heat exchanger is divided into two circuits, one of which enters the high-pressure circuit of the first heat exchanger, The high-temperature heat is transferred to the low-pressure circuit to reduce the temperature and enthalpy, and then condenses into a liquid, and returns to the steam generator, thus completing a refrigeration cycle.
  • the total area of the first heat exchanger and the temperature difference amplification exchanger can be minimized by adjusting the temperature difference, reducing the heat exchange area, or performing iterative calculations;
  • the energy output by the cooler is equal to the latent heat of evaporation per unit mass of refrigerant plus the sum of the energy consumption of the blower and the heat input from the outside.
  • the latent heat is 248kj/kg
  • the power consumption of the blower is 5kw/kg
  • the unit working fluid energy input by the second heat exchanger is 47kj/s
  • the heating and cooling of the temperature changing device is carried out in the superheated steam area, it can only convert all the latent heat generated by the steam generator into sensible heat, so the gas at -5°C is raised to 408°C, and the energy output by the cooler is equal to 301kj /kg, the temperature of its high-temperature inlet end is equal to 408°C, and the steam at its high-temperature outlet end is transported to the connection point of the first heat exchanger and the high-pressure circuit of the regenerator to continue to reduce enthalpy and temperature, and condense into liquid and return it to the steam generator to realize complete cycle.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the temperature changing system of the present invention.
  • the temperature changing system includes a plurality of temperature changing devices connected in series through the second heat exchanger, and the plurality of temperature changing devices include at least one third temperature changing device 3 And a second temperature changing device 2, the cooler of the second temperature changing device is the second heat exchanger of the third temperature changing device connected in series.
  • the method for raising the temperature of the low-temperature steam by using the above-mentioned variable temperature system includes:
  • the low-temperature heat energy is collected through the steam generators of the first-stage temperature-changing device and the last-stage temperature-changing device, and the liquid working medium is converted into low-temperature steam;
  • the low-temperature steam generated by the first-stage temperature-changing device enters the low-pressure circuit of the first heat exchanger of the first-stage temperature-changing device, and the temperature is raised to obtain high-temperature steam.
  • the high-temperature steam is pressurized by a blower and converted into high-pressure steam, which is converted into high-pressure steam by the second heat exchanger.
  • the high-pressure steam heats up, part of the heated high-pressure steam transmits high-temperature heat energy to external equipment for utilization through the cooler, part of the heated high-pressure steam returns to the high-pressure circuit through the first heat exchanger, and part of the heated high-pressure steam is converted through the cooler
  • the liquid working medium is returned to the high-pressure circuit, and the high-pressure circuit heats the low-pressure circuit to increase the enthalpy temperature of the low-pressure circuit, and reduce the enthalpy temperature of the high-pressure circuit, and the high-pressure steam is continuously cooled, and finally returns to the steam generator as a liquid working medium;
  • the low-temperature steam generated by the steam generator of the last-stage temperature-changing device enters the low-pressure circuit of the first heat exchanger of the last-stage temperature-changing device, and the temperature rises to obtain high-temperature steam, which enters the low-pressure circuit of the second heat exchanger and further heats up;
  • the high-temperature steam is pressurized and converted into high-pressure steam; part of the high-pressure steam returns to the high-pressure circuit through the first heat exchanger, and part of the high-pressure steam passes through the second heat exchanger of the last-stage temperature-changing device and the second heat exchange of the upper-stage temperature-changing device The device returns to the high-pressure circuit of the last-stage temperature-changing device.
  • the high-pressure circuit heats the low-pressure circuit to increase the enthalpy temperature of the low-pressure circuit, and decrease the enthalpy temperature of the high-pressure circuit.
  • the high-pressure steam is continuously cooled, and finally returns to the steam generator as a liquid;
  • the high-temperature heat energy of the last-stage temperature-changing device is output to the second heat exchanger of the upper-stage temperature-changing device, so that the second heat exchanger of the upper-stage temperature-changing device generates a temperature difference, and the temperature difference and the temperature rise generated by the upper-stage blower Increase the temperature difference between the high-pressure circuit and the low-pressure circuit at the high-temperature end of the first heat exchanger of the upper-stage temperature-changing device;
  • the second heat exchanger of the upper-stage temperature-changing device acts as a cooler for the next-stage temperature-changing device, and the high-temperature heat energy generated by the lower-stage temperature-changing device causes a temperature difference in the second heat exchanger of the upper-stage temperature-changing device, making the multi-stage temperature changing device
  • the high-pressure loop and low-pressure loop continuously cycle the enthalpy increase and decrease, and the temperature of the high-temperature heat energy output from the first-stage temperature-changing device to the last-stage temperature-changing device increases step by step.
  • the temperature changing system when ultra-high power is required, multiple temperature changing devices can be connected in series, for example, four temperature changing devices can be connected in series, when a 1000 megawatt temperature changing system can be composed of four Three temperature changing devices are implemented in series, specifically, the temperature changing system consists of three third temperature changing devices 3 and one second temperature changing device 2, that is to say, the temperature changing system consists of first stage temperature changing devices 1-3, second stage temperature changing device 2 -3.
  • the third stage temperature changing device 3-3 and the fourth stage temperature changing device 4-2 are composed, the cooler of the second stage temperature changing device is the second heat exchanger of the first stage temperature changing device, and the cooling of the third stage temperature changing device
  • the cooler is the second heat exchanger of the second-stage temperature changing device
  • the cooler of the fourth-stage temperature changing device is the second heat exchanger of the third-stage temperature changing device, realizing the series connection of the four-stage temperature changing devices.
  • the temperature range at both ends of the high-temperature air outlet of the cooler can be controlled, but the output energy value remains unchanged;
  • Exchangers, coolers and temperature regulating valves Professionals and technicians in this industry can design a variety of connection methods according to needs, so as to achieve different output temperature ranges, but they all still belong to the scope of protection of the present invention;
  • Energy can also use ultra-low temperature energy such as ambient temperature of minus 200°C, and use a temperature changing device to increase the energy output temperature to 600°C or 800°C, but the output energy value and energy consumption value remain unchanged.
  • the low-temperature end of the cooler flows through it, it becomes a high-efficiency water heater. If the water is evaporated in a high-pressure container, it becomes a high-temperature steam generator. If it is used to heat air, it becomes a hot air blower.
  • the terminal can also be divided into multiple channels at the same time, and supply hot water, high-temperature and high-pressure steam, and heating separately at the same time.
  • the steam generator can also be divided into multiple channels at the same time, or used as a water chiller to meet various refrigeration needs; all applications developed by technicians in the same industry according to the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the first heat exchanger is an isenthalpy heat exchanger
  • the temperature range of the temperature changing device depends on the capacity of the isenthalpy heat exchanger. Adjusting the speed of the blower can adjust the flow rate of the gas, thereby adjusting The output temperature and output power of the temperature-variable device; the low-temperature gas can be moved to any high temperature, and the power consumption has little to do with the temperature difference of the gas rise.
  • the low temperature heat energy After passing through the temperature changing device, the low temperature heat energy is raised to the high temperature heat energy, the energy efficiency ratio can be increased to 1:30-50, the temperature difference can be increased to thousands of degrees, and the energy consumed does not increase, that is, the increased temperature difference There is no correlation with the energy consumed, which is not possible with heat pumps.
  • the capacity of the isenthalpy heat exchanger should be greater than the latent heat enthalpy of evaporation low-temperature heat energy, so as to convert all the latent heat generated by the steam generator into sensible heat.
  • both the blower and the isenthalpy heat exchanger are provided with an insulation layer, which plays a good role in insulation.
  • the refrigerant used in the temperature changing device can be selected according to the working temperature range: nitrogen and air are preferred when the temperature of low-temperature steam is lower than minus 100 degrees; low-temperature steam is higher than minus 50 degrees, and high-temperature steam is lower than two
  • the refrigerant R23 or R410a is preferred; when the high-temperature steam is higher than 200 degrees, carbon dioxide is preferred.
  • the heat in the ambient temperature is called low-grade energy
  • the high-temperature heat source higher than the ambient temperature is called high-grade heat source. Upgraded to high-grade high-temperature energy, in daily life and production of various industries, refrigeration, heating and artificial temperature environment control have extremely wide applications, so the application of temperature-variable devices has epoch-making significance.
  • the present invention combines the increase and decrease enthalpy heat exchange generated by the heat exchanger with the gas blower to form a temperature-changing device heating system. Compared with the common compressor solution, this solution can effectively reduce power consumption, and the greater the temperature difference is, the greater the benefit more obvious.
  • the heating system of the variable temperature device composed of the Faming heat exchanger and gas blower has a simple structure and is easy to implement; especially the realization of low energy consumption and large temperature difference improvement, quantitative change produces qualitative change, and can easily transform low-grade energy into high-grade energy.
  • the temperature changing device of the present invention is divided into a basic type (the first temperature changing device) and an optimized type (the second temperature changing device, the third temperature changing device) and a temperature changing system, which can be used for refrigerators, freezers, freezers, respectively or several functions together.
  • blower and heat exchanger are all general-purpose equipments that are widely used. Any kind of blower includes a compressor and a heat exchanger to replace the gas blower and heat exchanger of this solution, and the temperature-changing device formed belongs to the present invention. scope of protection.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de changement de température, comprenant un générateur de vapeur, un système de chauffage et un refroidisseur, le générateur de vapeur étant utilisé pour collecter de l'énergie thermique à basse température et convertir un milieu de travail liquide en vapeur à basse température ; le système de chauffage est utilisé pour convertir la vapeur à basse température en un milieu de travail à la vapeur à haute température et produire de l'énergie thermique à haute température ; et le refroidisseur est utilisé pour transmettre l'énergie thermique à haute température à un équipement externe pour utilisation, et convertir également le milieu de travail vapeur en un milieu de travail liquide pour le renvoyer au générateur de vapeur, de telle sorte qu'une circulation continue du générateur de vapeur, du système de chauffage et du refroidisseur est maintenue. La présente invention concerne en outre un système de changement de température, un dispositif de changement de température et un procédé pour augmenter la température d'une vapeur à basse température. La plage d'augmentation de la température n'est pas en proportion directe par rapport à l'énergie consommée dans la présente invention, de telle sorte que la consommation d'énergie peut être réduite de manière considérable, la structure est simple, et la mise en œuvre est facile.
PCT/CN2022/076897 2021-09-18 2022-02-18 Dispositif et système de changement de température, et procédé pour augmenter la température de vapeur à basse température WO2023040192A1 (fr)

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CN202122274293.0U CN216159011U (zh) 2021-09-18 2021-09-18 变温装置及变温系统
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CN202122274293.0 2021-09-18
CN202111112350.3A CN114251636A (zh) 2021-09-18 2021-09-18 变温装置、系统及提升低温蒸汽温度的方法

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