WO2023039773A1 - 河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法、系统及可存储介质 - Google Patents

河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法、系统及可存储介质 Download PDF

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WO2023039773A1
WO2023039773A1 PCT/CN2021/118627 CN2021118627W WO2023039773A1 WO 2023039773 A1 WO2023039773 A1 WO 2023039773A1 CN 2021118627 W CN2021118627 W CN 2021118627W WO 2023039773 A1 WO2023039773 A1 WO 2023039773A1
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river
monitoring point
ion concentration
monitoring
upstream
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French (fr)
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尹海龙
林夷媛
徐祖信
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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Priority to US17/751,681 priority patent/US20230080455A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/18—Water
    • G01N33/182—Specific anions in water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F7/00—Other installations or implements for operating sewer systems, e.g. for preventing or indicating stoppage; Emptying cesspools
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00

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  • the invention relates to the related technical field of traceability of river sewage discharge, and more specifically relates to a method, system and storage medium for grid-based traceability and investigation of river sewage discharge outlets.
  • the present invention provides a method, system and storage medium for grid-based traceability and investigation of river sewage outlets to monitor data at various locations in real time, so as to overcome the problems of the prior art.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a method for grid-based traceability and investigation of river sewage outlets the specific steps are:
  • Determine the monitoring point determine the monitoring point according to the divided river section
  • Obtain pollution judgment data obtain the monitoring data of each monitoring point, and perform calculations to obtain pollution judgment data;
  • Determine the pollution discharge river section determine the pollution discharge river section according to the upstream and downstream pollution judgment data
  • the division position of the river section and the confluence position of the tributary are taken as the monitoring point.
  • the steps for obtaining monitoring data are:
  • the steps for drawing the relationship curve between chloride ion concentration and conductivity are:
  • the steps for drawing the flow-water level relationship curve are:
  • the pollution discharge river section is judged according to the pollution judgment data of the upstream and downstream monitoring points, which includes two cases of tributary inflow and no tributary inflow.
  • the steps for judging the pollution discharge river section are as follows:
  • C i is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the i-th monitoring point
  • C i-1 is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream i-1 monitoring point
  • the 0th monitoring point represents the section of the upstream water of the river, that is, C 0 is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream water of the river;
  • C i is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the i-th monitoring point
  • C i-1 is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream i-1 monitoring point
  • Q i is the daily flow of the i-th monitoring point
  • Q i-1 is the daily flow of the upstream i-1 monitoring point
  • the 0th monitoring point represents the upstream water section of the river, that is, C 0 is the The daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream water of the river
  • Q 0 is the daily flow of the upstream water of the river.
  • the steps for judging the pollution discharge river section are as follows:
  • Judgment is made by comparing the chloride ion concentration of the upstream monitoring point, tributary inflow and downstream monitoring point:
  • C i is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the i-th monitoring point
  • C i-1 is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream i-1 monitoring point
  • C Ti is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the tributary inflow of the i-th river, where the 0th monitoring point represents the upstream water section of the river, that is, C 0 is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream water of the river;
  • C i is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the i-th monitoring point
  • C i-1 is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream i-1 monitoring point
  • C Ti is The daily average chloride ion concentration of the tributary of the i-th river reach, where the 0th monitoring point represents the upstream water section of the river, that is, C 0 is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream water of the river
  • Q i is the i-th The daily flow of a monitoring point
  • Q i-1 is the daily flow of the upstream i-1 monitoring point
  • Q Ti is the daily flow of the i-th river into the tributary
  • the 0th monitoring point represents For the upstream water section of the river, C 0 is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream water of the river, and Q 0 is the daily flow of the upstream water of the river.
  • a grid-based traceability and investigation system for river sewage outlets including a data acquisition device, a data processing device, and a display device;
  • Data acquisition device collect the data of river tributaries and confluence, the monitoring data of each monitoring point, and the encrypted monitoring data of pollution discharge river sections;
  • Data processing device divide the river section according to the confluence information of the tributaries of the river; calculate the pollution judgment data according to the monitoring data; determine the pollution discharge river section according to the pollution judgment data; analyze the encrypted monitoring data of the pollution discharge river section, and determine the location of the pollution discharge outlet;
  • Display device display the pollution discharge river section and the location of the pollution discharge outlet.
  • a computer-storable medium stores a computer program on it, and when the program is executed by a processor, steps in a method for grid-based traceability and investigation of river sewage outlets are realized.
  • the present invention discloses a method, system and storage medium for grid-based traceability and investigation of river sewage outlets. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention divides a river into several river sections, and carries out grid traceability and investigation of river sewage outfalls based on soft measurement. Through the online monitoring data of conductivity and liquid level, it can effectively determine the river section where sewage discharge exists, The calculation method is accurate and convenient, which solves the problem that it is difficult to identify hidden underwater sewage outlets by traditional methods such as manual foot inspection and drone aerial survey;
  • the water quality index of the present invention selects the conservative material chloride ion, and the concentration of chloride ion will only be affected by the contribution of external source load and the physical mixing process with the receiving water body. Therefore, the spatial distribution of chloride ion concentration can reflect to the greatest extent Input information from pollution sources;
  • the present invention has constructed the soft measurement method of river chlorine ion concentration and electric conductivity, according to the characteristics that chloride ion concentration and electric conductivity are highly positively correlated, the monitoring of chloride ion concentration is transformed into the monitoring of electric conductivity, by installing electric conductivity
  • the online monitor avoids the sampling error of water quality monitoring and is easy to operate.
  • the present invention constructs a soft measurement method for river water level and flow, converts flow monitoring into water level monitoring, avoids the difficulties of river flow monitoring and low measurement accuracy, and has strong practicability.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of river course grid division of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a chlorine ion concentration-conductivity relation curve figure in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of cross-section water volume monitoring using the tracer dilution method in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a water level-flow relationship curve diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention discloses a method, system and storage medium for grid traceability and investigation of river sewage outlets, including a grid traceability investigation method for river sewage outlets, a grid traceability investigation system for river sewage outlets, and a computer There are three parts of the storage medium.
  • a river is divided into n river sections, and the conductivity of each monitoring point is obtained, and the monitoring point is consistent with the division position of the river section. According to the corresponding relationship curve between chloride ion concentration and conductivity, obtain the chloride ion concentration C i of each monitoring point, where, i ⁇ [1,n];
  • the conductivity and water level of the influent tributary of the river section are monitored synchronously, and the water volume Q Ti and chloride ion concentration C Ti of the influent tributary are obtained;
  • the arrangement of monitoring points is continuously encrypted by the double fold method, and the scope of investigation is gradually narrowed to realize the traceability of the river sewage outlet.
  • the conservative substance chloride is selected as the water quality monitoring index. According to the characteristics that the chloride ion concentration is highly positively correlated with the conductivity, and the conductivity can be monitored online, the monitoring of the chloride ion concentration is converted into the conductivity by using the soft measurement method. monitor;
  • the drawing of the relationship curve between chloride ion concentration and conductivity specifically includes:
  • Water samples were collected in dry weather, and the monitoring points were consistent with the division of the river section.
  • the sampling frequency is once every 2 hours for 2 to 3 consecutive days.
  • Each sampling point uniformly collects water samples at 0.5m below the water surface according to the specification requirements. ion concentration;
  • the least square method was used to linearly fit the monitoring data to obtain the chloride ion concentration-conductivity relationship curve.
  • the method of soft measurement is used to convert the monitoring of the flow into the monitoring of the water level.
  • the drawing of the flow-water level relationship curve specifically includes:
  • the least square method is used to perform polynomial fitting on the monitoring data to obtain the flow-water level relationship curve.
  • the flow monitoring adopts the tracer dilution method, including:
  • EC 0 is the background value of river channel electrical conductivity
  • M is the quality of injected chloride ions
  • CF is the conversion coefficient between electrical conductivity and chloride ion concentration
  • the value of CF is obtained by checking Read the chloride ion concentration - conductivity curve to obtain.
  • the river section with sewage discharge can be divided into two situations
  • the first case is:
  • C i is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the i-th monitoring point
  • C i-1 is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream i-1 monitoring point
  • the 0th monitoring point represents the section of the upstream water of the river, that is, C 0 is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream water of the river;
  • C i is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the i-th monitoring point
  • C i-1 is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream i-1 monitoring point
  • Q i is the daily flow of the i-th monitoring point
  • Q i-1 is the daily flow of the upstream i-1 monitoring point
  • the 0th monitoring point represents the upstream water section of the river, that is, C 0 is the The daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream water of the river
  • Q 0 is the daily flow of the upstream water of the river.
  • the second case is:
  • Judgment is made by comparing the chloride ion concentration of the upstream monitoring point, tributary inflow and downstream monitoring point:
  • C i is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the i-th monitoring point
  • C i-1 is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream i-1 monitoring point
  • C Ti is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the tributary inflow of the i-th river, where the 0th monitoring point represents the upstream water section of the river, that is, C 0 is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream water of the river;
  • C i is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the i-th monitoring point
  • C i-1 is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream i-1 monitoring point
  • C Ti is The daily average chloride ion concentration of the tributary of the i-th river reach, where the 0th monitoring point represents the upstream water section of the river, that is, C 0 is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream water of the river
  • Q i is the i-th The daily flow of a monitoring point
  • Q i-1 is the daily flow of the upstream i-1 monitoring point
  • Q Ti is the daily flow of the i-th river into the tributary
  • the 0th monitoring point represents For the upstream water section of the river, C 0 is the daily average chloride ion concentration of the upstream water of the river, and Q 0 is the daily flow of the upstream water of the river.
  • a grid-based traceability and investigation system for river sewage outlets including a data acquisition device, a data processing device, and a display device;
  • Data acquisition device collect the data of river tributaries and confluence, the monitoring data of each monitoring point, and the encrypted monitoring data of pollution discharge river sections;
  • the data acquisition device is an online monitoring device for liquid level and conductivity
  • Data processing device divide the river section according to the confluence information of the tributaries of the river; calculate the pollution judgment data according to the monitoring data; determine the pollution discharge river section according to the pollution judgment data; analyze the encrypted monitoring data of the pollution discharge river section, and determine the location of the pollution discharge outlet;
  • the data processing device is a central processing unit
  • Display device display the pollution discharge river section and the location of the pollution discharge outlet
  • the display device adopts a display screen in this embodiment.
  • a computer-storable medium stores a computer program on it, and when the program is executed by a processor, steps in a method for grid-based traceability and investigation of river sewage outlets are realized.
  • S22 Choose dry weather to collect water samples, and the monitoring section is consistent with the division position of the river section; collect a water sample every 2 hours for 2 consecutive days, and collect water samples at 0.5m below the water surface at each sampling point according to the specification requirements, and collect water samples every day Immediately after the collection is completed, send it to the laboratory to measure its conductivity and chloride ion concentration at the same time;
  • the conductivity measurement use the DDS-307 conductivity meter to measure the conductivity, and use the temperature compensation function to convert the conductivity value at 25°C;
  • Determination of chloride ion concentration adopt silver nitrate titration method (GB11896-89). If the chloride content is high, appropriate amount of water sample can be taken and diluted with water for determination.
  • S32 Flow monitoring adopts the tracer dilution method; choose NaCl as the tracer, inject 5kg NaCl solution instantaneously at a section upstream of the monitoring point, and start to continuously collect water samples at a fixed interval of 20s before NaCl reaches the monitoring point , Determination of the conductivity of the water sample taken, the sampling lasted 500s. The conductivity is converted into the concentration of chloride ions, and the change process line of chloride ions at the monitoring point with time is obtained, as shown in Figure 4. Calculate the water volume of the monitoring section according to the chemical mass balance of chloride ions, and the calculation formula is as follows:
  • EC 0 is the background value of the river channel conductivity
  • M is the quality of the injected chloride ions
  • CF is the conversion coefficient of the electrical conductivity and the concentration of chloride ions, and the value of CF in this embodiment 0.38.
  • the monitored daily average conductivity E 0 is 232 ⁇ S/cm
  • E 1 is 246 ⁇ S/cm
  • E 2 is 263 ⁇ S/cm
  • E 3 is 260 ⁇ S/cm
  • E T2 is 329 ⁇ S/cm
  • the ion concentration C 0 is 83.6 mg/L
  • C 1 is 91.7 mg/L
  • C 2 is 95.9 mg/L
  • C 3 is 95.8 mg/L
  • C T2 is 118.8 mg/L.
  • the monitored daily average water level h 0 is 0.68m, h 1 is 0.72m, h 2 is 0.79m, h 3 is 0.81m, h T2 is 0.86m;
  • the calculated daily water volume Q 0 at each monitoring point is 2.77 ⁇ 10 5 m 3 /d
  • Q 1 is 2.79 ⁇ 10 5 m 3 /d
  • Q 2 is 2.94 ⁇ 10 5 m 3 /d
  • Q 3 is 2.95 ⁇ 10 5 m 3 /d
  • Q T2 is 9.88 ⁇ 10 3 m 3 /d.
  • the first river section if C 1 -C 0 >0, it means that there is sewage discharge in the first river section and the chloride ion concentration of the discharged sewage is higher than the background concentration of chloride ions in the river.
  • the average daily conductivity of the cross-section monitored in the central part is 233 ⁇ S/cm, and the calculated daily average chloride ion concentration C 12 is 84.0 mg/L. It can be judged that the key sewage outlet is located in the second half of the first river section. If the sewage outlet is to be further reduced For the scope of investigation, the second half of the first river section can be divided in half, gradually narrowing the scope of investigation, and realizing the traceability of the river sewage outlet.
  • each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other.
  • the description is relatively simple, and for the related information, please refer to the description of the method part.

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Abstract

一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法、系统及可存储介质，属于河道排污溯源相关技术领域，具体步骤为：将河流划分为多个河段；根据划分的河段确定监测点位；获取各个监测点位的监测数据，并进行计算获得污染判断数据；根据上下游的污染判断数据确定污染排放河段；通过对污染物排放河段进行监测点位加密布设，逐步缩小污染排放的河段，确定污染排放口的位置。该方法将一条河流划分为若干河段，开展基于软测量的河道排污口网格化溯源排查，通过电导率、液位的在线监测数据，能够有效判断出存在污水排放的河段，计算方法准确便捷，解决了传统的人工徒步排查、无人机航测等方法难以识别隐蔽的水下排污口的问题。

Description

河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法、系统及可存储介质 技术领域
本发明涉及河道排污溯源相关技术领域，更具体的说是涉及一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法、系统及可存储介质。
背景技术
河道排污口排查整治是水环境治理的基础性工作。目前我国城市化地区虽然统计污水收集率平均达到90％以上，但是按照污染负荷收集率计算，平均只有60％，表明仍有大量污染物进入河道。入河排污口是污染物进入河道的最后一道“闸口”，只有全面摸清入河排污口的数量和污染物排放量，才能切实提高污染物收集能力，推动水环境质量从根本上好转。
河道排污口情况复杂，在水面以上排污口排查取得明显成效的现状下，当前面临的难点是水下排污口的排查。依靠传统的人工徒步排查、无人机航测等方法难以识别隐蔽的水下排污口；近年来水下机器人、热成像仪等也被运用于隐蔽排污口的探测排查中，但是存在操作复杂，夜间难以实施等问题，难以开展全天候的调查。因此研发一种能够实时监测各个位置的排查方法和系统是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法、系统及可存储介质，实时监测各个位置的数据，以克服现有技术的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法，具体步骤为：
划分河段：将河流划分为多个河段；
确定监测点位：根据划分的河段确定监测点位；
获取污染判断数据：获取各个监测点位的监测数据，并进行计算获得污染判断数据；
确定污染排放河段：根据上下游的污染判断数据确定污染排放河段；
获得污染排放口的位置：通过对污染物排放河段进行监测点位加密布设，逐步缩小污染排放的河段，确定污染排放口的位置。
可选的，确定监测点位时以河段的划分位置和支流的汇入位置为监测点位。
可选的，获取监测数据的步骤为：
S31、获取各监测点位的电导率，根据氯离子浓度与电导率关系曲线，得到各监测点位的氯离子浓度；
S32：同步获取各监测点位的水位，根据水位与流量关系曲线，获取各监测点位的流量。
可选的，氯离子浓度与电导率关系曲线的绘制步骤为：
S311、选择旱天在固定时间内以固定频率对各个监测点位固定深度的河水进行水样采集；
S312、对采集的水样同时测定电导率和氯离子浓度；
S313、以氯离子浓度为y轴，以电导率为x轴，采用最小二乘法对测定的电导率和氯离子浓度进行线性拟合，得到氯离子浓度-电导率关系曲线。
可选的，流量与水位关系曲线的绘制步骤为：
S321、以固定时间固定频率同步获取各个监测点位的流量和水位；
S322、以流量为x轴，水位为y轴，利用最小二乘法对获取的各个监测点位的流量和水位进行多项式拟合，得到流量-水位关系曲线。
可选的，确定污染排放河段时根据上下游监测点位的污染判断数据判断污染排放河段，其中包括存在支流汇入和不存在支流汇入的两种情况。
可选的，河段不存在支流汇入的情况下，污染排放河段的判断步骤为：
通过上下游相邻监测点位的氯离子浓度变化进行判断：
若C i＞C i-1，第i个河段存在污水排放；
式中，i∈[1,n]，C i为第i个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；其中，第0个监测点位表示该河流上游来水断面，即C 0为该河流上游来水的日均氯离子浓度；
通过上下游相邻监测点位的氯化物负荷量变化进行判断：
若Q iC i＞Q i-1C i-1，第i个河段存在污水排放；
式中，i∈[1,n]，C i为第i个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；Q i为第i个监测点位的日流量；Q i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日流量；其中，第0个监测点位表示该河流上游来水断面，即C 0为该河流上游来水的日均氯离子浓度，Q 0为该河流上游来水的日流量。
可选的，河段存在支流汇入的情况，污染排放河段的判断步骤为：
通过上游监测点位、支流汇入和下游监测点位的氯离子浓度比较进行判断：
若C i＞max(C i-1,C Ti)，第i个河段存在污水排放的情况；
式中，i∈[1,n]，C i为第i个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C Ti为第i个河段支流入流日均氯离子浓度，其中，第0个监测点位表示该河流上游来水断面，即C 0为该河流上游来水的日均氯离子浓度；
通过上下游相邻监测点位的氯化物负荷量变化进行判断：
若Q iC i＞Q i-1C i-1+Q TiC Ti，第i个河段存在污水排放的情况；
其中，i∈[1,n]，C i为第i个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C Ti为第i个河段支流入流日均氯离子浓度，其中，第0个监测点位表示该河流上游来水断面，即C 0为该河流上游来水的日均氯离子浓度；Q i为第i个监测点位的日流量；Q i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日流量；Q Ti为第i个河段汇入支流的日流量；其中，第0个监测点位表示该河流上游来水断面，C 0为该河流上游来水的日均氯离子浓度，Q 0为该河流上游来水的日流量。
一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查系统，包括数据采集装置、数据处理装置、显示装置；
数据采集装置：采集河流支流汇流数据、各个监测点位的监测数据以及污染排放河段加密监测数据；
数据处理装置：根据河流支流的汇流信息划分河段；根据监测数据计算污染判断数据；根据污染判断数据确定污染排放河段；对污染排放河段加密监测数据分析，确定污染排放口的位置；
显示装置：对污染排放河段和污染排放口位置进行显示。
一种计算机可存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该程序被处理器执行时实现一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法中的步骤。
经由上述的技术方案可知，本发明公开提供了一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法、系统及可存储介质，与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明将一条河流划分为若干河段，开展基于软测量的河道排污口网格化溯源排查，通过电导率、液位的在线监测数据，能够有效判断出存在污水排放的河段，计算方法准确便捷，解决了传统的人工徒步排查、无人机航测等方法难以识别隐蔽的水下排污口的问题；
(2)本发明水质指标选择保守性物质氯离子，氯离子浓度只会受外源负荷贡献及与受纳水体物理混合过程影响而发生变化，因此，氯离子浓度的空间分布可以最大程度上反映出污染源输入的信息；
(3)本发明构建了河流氯离子浓度和电导率的软测量方法，依据氯离子浓度与电导率呈高度正相关的特点，将氯离子浓度的监测转化为电导率的监测，通过安装电导率在线监测仪，避免了水质监测的采样误差，操作方便。
(4)本发明构建了河流水位和流量的软测量方法，将流量的监测转化为水位的监测，避免了河道流量监测困难、测量精度较低的难题，可实施性强。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的方法流程示意图；
图2为本发明的河道网格化划分示意图；
图3为本发明实施例中氯离子浓度—电导率关系曲线图；
图4为本发明实施例中采用示踪剂稀释法进行断面水量监测的原理示意图；
图5为本发明实施例中水位—流量关系曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而 不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例公开了一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法、系统及可存储介质，包括一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法、一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查系统以及计算机可存储介质三部分。
其中一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法的具体步骤：将河流划分为若干个河段和相应的监测点位，在每个监测点位布设液位、电导率的在线监测设备，开展基于软测量的排污口网格化排查；根据每个河段的监测数据判断存在污染排放的河段；针对污染排放严重的河段，加密监测点位的布设，逐步缩小排查范围，实现河道排污口溯源；更加具体的步骤如图1所示，具体为：
将一条河流划分为n个河段，获取各监测点位的电导率，监测点位与河段的划分位置一致。根据相应的氯离子浓度与电导率关系曲线，获取各监测点位的氯离子浓度C i，其中，i∈[1,n]；
同步获取各监测点位的水位，根据相应的水位与流量关系曲线，获取各监测点位的流量；
对于存在支流汇入的河段，同步监测该河段汇入支流电导率、水位，获取汇入支流的水量Q Ti、氯离子浓度C Ti；
依据上下游监测点位的氯化物浓度和负荷量变化情况，判断存在污水排放的河段；
针对污染排放严重的河段，通过对折法不断加密监测点位的布设，逐步缩小排查范围，实现河道排污口的溯源。
其中，选用保守型物质氯化物作为水质监测指标，依据氯离子浓度与电导率呈高度正相关，且电导率可在线监测的特点，采用软测量的方法将氯离子浓度的监测转化为电导率的监测；
氯离子浓度与电导率关系曲线的绘制具体包括：
选择旱天采集水样，监测点位与河段划分位置一致。采样频次为每2小时1次，连续2～3天，每个采样点按规范要求统一采集水面下0.5m处水样，每天水样采集完毕后立即送到实验室同时测定其电导率和氯离子浓度；
以氯离子浓度为y轴，以电导率为x轴，采用最小二乘法对监测数据进行线性拟合，得到氯离子浓度-电导率关系曲线。
依据河道中流量监测困难，而水位监测相对容易的特点，采用软测量的方法将流量的监测转化为水位的监测。
流量与水位关系曲线的绘制具体包括：
同步获取各个监测点位的流量和水位，监测频次为每4小时1次，持续2～3天；
以流量为x轴，水位为y轴，利用最小二乘法对监测数据进行多项式拟合，得到流量-水位关系曲线。
其中，流量的监测采用示踪剂稀释法，具体包括：
选用NaCl作为示踪剂，在监测点位上游某断面瞬时注入已知浓度的NaCl溶液，在监测点位连续采取水样，历时应大于等于示踪剂开始和全部通过监测点位的时间。监测水样的电导率，将电导率转化为氯离子浓度值，获得该监测点位氯离子随时间的变化过程线，根据氯离子化学质量平衡计算出监测点位的流量，计算公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2021118627-appb-000001
式中，EC t为t＝t时电导率，EC 0为河道电导率本底值；M为注入的氯离子质量，CF为电导率和氯离子浓度的转化系数，其中CF的取值通过查读氯离子浓度—电导率关系曲线来获得。
依据上下游监测点位的氯化物浓度和负荷量变化情况，判断存在污水排放的河段分为两种情况
第一种情况为：
河段不存在汇入支流的情况下，污染排放河段的判断步骤为：
通过上下游相邻监测点位的氯离子浓度变化进行判断：
若C i＞C i-1，第i个河段存在污水排放；
式中，i∈[1,n]，C i为第i个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；其中，第0个监测点位表示该河流上游来水断面，即C 0为该河流上游来水的日均氯离子浓度；
通过上下游相邻监测点位的氯化物负荷量变化进行判断：
若Q iC i＞Q i-1C i-1，第i个河段存在污水排放；
式中，i∈[1,n]，C i为第i个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；Q i为第i个监测点位的日流量；Q i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日流量；其中，第0个监测点位表示该河流上游来水断面，即C 0为该河流上游来水的日均氯离子浓度，Q 0为该河流上游来水的日流量。
第二种情况为：
河段存在汇入支流的情况，污染排放河段的判断步骤为：
通过上游监测点位、支流汇入和下游监测点位的氯离子浓度比较进行判断：
若C i＞max(C i-1,C Ti)，第i个河段存在污水排放的情况；
式中，i∈[1,n]，C i为第i个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C Ti为第i个河段支流入流日均氯离子浓度，其中，第0个监测点位表示该河流上游来水断面，即C 0为该河流上游来水的日均氯离子浓度；
通过上下游相邻监测点位的氯化物负荷量变化进行判断：
若Q iC i＞Q i-1C i-1+Q TiC Ti，第i个河段存在污水排放的情况；
其中，i∈[1,n]，C i为第i个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C Ti为第i个河段支流入流日均氯离子浓度，其中，第0个监测点位表示该河流上游来水断面，即C 0为该河流上游来水的日均氯离子浓度；Q i为第i个监测点位的日流量；Q i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日流量；Q Ti为第i个河段汇入支流的日流量；其中，第0个监测点位表示该河流上游来水断面，C 0为该河流上游来水的日均氯离子浓度，Q 0为该河流上游来水的日流量。
一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查系统，包括数据采集装置、数据处理装置、显示装置；
数据采集装置：采集河流支流汇流数据、各个监测点位的监测数据以及污染排放河段加密监测数据；
数据采集装置为液位、电导率在线监测设备；
数据处理装置：根据河流支流的汇流信息划分河段；根据监测数据计算污染判断数据；根据污染判断数据确定污染排放河段；对污染排放河段加密监测数据分析，确定污染排放口的位置；
本实施例中数据处理装置为中央处理器；
显示装置：对污染排放河段和污染排放口位置进行显示；
显示装置在本实施例中采用显示屏。
一种计算机可存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该程序被处理器执行时实现一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法中的步骤。
实施例2
S1：针对如图2所示的某城市河流，根据支流的汇入情况将其划分为3个河段，其中第2个河段有支流汇入，在该河流各河段的划分位置及支流汇入处安装电导率、液位在线监测仪，同步获取各监测点位电导率、水位数据。
S2：氯离子—电导率软测量方法的构建
S21：选用保守型物质氯化物作为水质监测指标；
S22：选择旱天采集水样，监测断面与河段划分位置一致；每隔2h采集一个水样，连续2天，每个采样点按规范要求统一采集水面下0.5m处水样，每天水样采集完毕后立即送到实验室同时测定其电导率和氯离子浓度；
其中，电导率测定：采用DDS-307型电导率仪测定电导率，使用温度补偿功能折算成25℃下的电导率值；
氯离子浓度测定：采用硝酸银滴定法(GB11896-89)，若氯化物含量高，可取适量水样用水稀释后测定。
S23：以氯离子浓度为y轴，以电导率为x轴，采用最小二乘法对监测数据进行线性拟合，得到氯离子浓度-电导率关系曲线，曲线如图3所示。
S3：流量—水位软测量方法的构建
S31：流量和水位的监测同步进行，监测频次为每4小时一次，持续2天；
S32：流量的监测采用示踪剂稀释法；选用NaCl作为示踪剂，在监测点位上游某断面瞬时注入5kg NaCl溶液，在NaCl到达监测点位前按20s的固定间隔时间开始连续采取水样，测定所采取水样的电导率，采样历时500s。将电导率转化为氯离子浓度值，获得该监测点位氯离子随时间的变化过程线，具体如图4所示。根据氯离子化学质量平衡计算出监测断面的水量，计算公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2021118627-appb-000002
式中，EC t为t＝t时电导率，EC 0为河道电导率本底值；M为注入的氯离子质量，CF为电导率和氯离子浓度的转化系数，本实施例中CF取值0.38。
S33：以流量为x轴，水位为y轴，利用最小二乘法对监测数据进行多项式拟合，得到流量-水位关系曲线，如图5所示。
S4：判断存在污水排入的河段
S41：通过氯离子浓度-电导率关系曲线，将各监测点位的电导率在线监测数据转化为氯离子浓度值，得到各监测点位氯离子随时间的变化过程线，换算成日均氯离子浓度。
监测得日均电导率E 0为232μS/cm，E 1为246μS/cm，E 2为263μS/cm，E 3为260μS/cm，E T2为329μS/cm；计算得各监测点位日均氯离子浓度C 0为83.6mg/L，C 1为91.7mg/L，C 2为95.9mg/L，C 3为95.8mg/L，C T2为118.8mg/L。
S42：通过流量-水位关系曲线，将各监测点位的水位在线监测数据转化为流量值，得到各监测点位流量随时间的变化过程线，换算成日水量数据。
监测得日均水位h 0为0.68m，h 1为0.72m，h 2为0.79m，h 3为0.81m，h T2为0.86m；
计算得各监测点位日水量Q 0为2.77×10 5m 3/d，Q 1为2.79×10 5m 3/d，Q 2为2.94×10 5m 3/d，Q 3为2.95×10 5m 3/d，Q T2为9.88×10 3m 3/d。
S403：在获取以上监测数据基础上，依据上下游监测点位的氯化物浓度和负荷量变化情况，判断存在污水排放的河段。
通过上下游相邻监测点位的氯离子浓度变化进行判断：
由C 1＞C 0可判断第1个河段存在污水排入；
而C 1＜max(C 2,C T2)，C 2＜C 1，第2、3河段是否存在污水排入还需进一步判断；
通过上下游相邻监测点位的氯化物负荷量变化进行判断：
由Q 2C 2＞Q 1C 1+Q T2C T2，可判断第2个河段存在污水排入；
由Q 3C 3＞Q 2C 2，可判断第3个河段存在污水排入。
S5：计算得3个河段均存在污染排放的现象，采用对折理论加密电导率和水位监测点位的布设，则3个河段进一步细分为6个河段。同上，根据本发明的污染物溯源方法判断各个河段是否存在污水排放。
具体地，如针对第1个河段，C 1-C 0＞0，说明第1个河段存在污水排放且排放污水的氯离子浓度高于河道氯离子本底浓度，在第1个河段中部监测得断面日均电导率为233μS/cm，计算得日均氯离子浓度C 12为84.0mg/L，可以判断重点排污口位于第1个河段的后半段，若要进一步缩小排污口排查范围，可对第1个河段的后半段继续进行对折划分，逐步缩小排查范围，实现河道排污口的溯源。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言，由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法，其特征在于，具体步骤为：
    划分河段：将河流划分为多个河段；
    确定监测点位：根据划分的河段确定监测点位；
    获取污染判断数据：获取各个监测点位的监测数据，并进行计算获得污染判断数据；
    确定污染排放河段：根据上下游的污染判断数据确定污染排放河段；
    获得污染排放口的位置：通过对污染物排放河段进行监测点位加密布设，逐步缩小污染排放的河段，确定污染排放口的位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法，其特征在于，确定监测点位时以河段的划分位置和支流的汇入位置为监测点位。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法，其特征在于，获取监测数据的步骤为：
    S31、获取各监测点位的电导率，根据氯离子浓度与电导率关系曲线，得到各监测点位的氯离子浓度；
    S32：同步获取各监测点位的水位，根据水位与流量关系曲线，获取各监测点位的流量。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法，其特征在于，氯离子浓度与电导率关系曲线的绘制步骤为：
    S311、选择旱天在固定时间内以固定频率对各个监测点位固定深度的河水进行水样采集；
    S312、对采集的水样同时测定电导率和氯离子浓度；
    S313、以氯离子浓度为y轴，以电导率为x轴，采用最小二乘法对测定的电导率和氯离子浓度进行线性拟合，得到氯离子浓度-电导率关系曲线。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法，其特征在于，流量与水位关系曲线的绘制步骤为：
    S321、以固定时间固定频率同步获取各个监测点位的流量和水位；
    S322、以流量为x轴，水位为y轴，利用最小二乘法对获取的各个监测点位的流量和水位进行多项式拟合，得到流量-水位关系曲线。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法，其特征在于，确定污染排放河段时根据上下游监测点位的污染判断数据判断污染排放河段，其中包括存在支流汇入和不存在支流汇入的两种情况。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法，其特征在于，河段不存在支流汇入的情况下，污染排放河段的判断步骤为：
    通过上下游相邻监测点位的氯离子浓度变化进行判断：
    若C i＞C i-1，第i个河段存在污水排放；
    式中，i∈[1,n]，C i为第i个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；其中，第0个监测点位表示该河流上游来水断面，即C 0为该河流上游来水的日均氯离子浓度；
    通过上下游相邻监测点位的氯化物负荷量变化进行判断：
    若Q iC i＞Q i-1C i-1，第i个河段存在污水排放；
    式中，i∈[1,n]，C i为第i个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；Q i为第i个监测点位的日流量；Q i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日流量；其中，第0个监测点位表示该河流上游来水断面，即C 0为该河流上游来水的日均氯离子浓度，Q 0为该河流上游来水的日流量。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法，其特征在于，河段存在支流汇入的情况，污染排放河段的判断步骤为：
    通过上游监测点位、支流汇入和下游监测点位的氯离子浓度比较进行判断：
    若C i＞max(C i-1,C Ti)，第i个河段存在污水排放的情况；
    式中，i∈[1,n]，C i为第i个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C Ti为第i个河段支流入流日均氯离子浓度，其中，第0个监测点位表示该河流上游来水断面，即C 0为该河流上游来水的日均氯离子浓度；
    通过上下游相邻监测点位的氯化物负荷量变化进行判断：
    若Q iC i＞Q i-1C i-1+Q TiC Ti，第i个河段存在污水排放的情况；
    其中，i∈[1,n]，C i为第i个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日均氯离子浓度；C Ti为第i个河段支流入流日均氯离子浓度，其中，第0个监测点位表示该河流上游来水断面，即C 0为该河流上游来水的日均氯离子浓度；Q i为第i个监测点位的日流量；Q i-1为上游第i-1个监测点位的日流量；Q Ti为第i个河段汇入支流的日流量；其中，第0个监测点位表示该河流上游来水断面，C 0为该河流上游来水的日均氯离子浓度，Q 0为该河流上游来水的日流量。
  9. 一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查系统，其特征在于，包括数据采集装置、数据处理装置、显示装置；
    数据采集装置：采集河流支流汇流数据、各个监测点位的监测数据以及污染排放河段加密监测数据；
    数据处理装置：根据河流支流的汇流信息划分河段；根据监测数据计算污染判断数据；根据污染判断数据确定污染排放河段；对污染排放河段加密监测数据分析，确定污染排放口的位置；
    显示装置：对污染排放河段和污染排放口位置进行显示。
  10. 一种计算机可存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，其特征在于，该程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1-8任一项中所述的一种河道排污口网格化溯源排查方法中的步骤。
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