WO2023037335A1 - Dynamic antenna configuration - Google Patents
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- WO2023037335A1 WO2023037335A1 PCT/IB2022/058578 IB2022058578W WO2023037335A1 WO 2023037335 A1 WO2023037335 A1 WO 2023037335A1 IB 2022058578 W IB2022058578 W IB 2022058578W WO 2023037335 A1 WO2023037335 A1 WO 2023037335A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- receiver
- tuner
- decoder
- service
- demodulator
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/61—Network physical structure; Signal processing
- H04N21/6106—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the downstream path of the transmission network
- H04N21/6112—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the downstream path of the transmission network involving terrestrial transmission, e.g. DVB-T
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
- H03J1/00—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general
- H03J1/0008—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general using a central processing unit, e.g. a microprocessor
- H03J1/0058—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general using a central processing unit, e.g. a microprocessor provided with channel identification means
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- H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
- H03J1/00—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general
- H03J1/0008—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general using a central processing unit, e.g. a microprocessor
- H03J1/0058—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general using a central processing unit, e.g. a microprocessor provided with channel identification means
- H03J1/0066—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general using a central processing unit, e.g. a microprocessor provided with channel identification means with means for analysing the received signal strength
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- H03J1/00—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general
- H03J1/0008—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general using a central processing unit, e.g. a microprocessor
- H03J1/0058—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general using a central processing unit, e.g. a microprocessor provided with channel identification means
- H03J1/0083—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general using a central processing unit, e.g. a microprocessor provided with channel identification means using two or more tuners
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0802—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
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- H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
- H04H20/20—Arrangements for broadcast or distribution of identical information via plural systems
- H04H20/22—Arrangements for broadcast of identical information via plural broadcast systems
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- H04N21/42202—Input-only peripherals, i.e. input devices connected to specially adapted client devices, e.g. global positioning system [GPS] environmental sensors, e.g. for detecting temperature, luminosity, pressure, earthquakes
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Definitions
- This application relates to technical advances necessarily rooted in computer technology and directed to digital television, and more particularly to Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0.
- ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee
- ATSC 3.0 The Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 suite of standards is a set of over a dozen industry technical standards as indicated in A/300 for delivering the next generation of broadcast television.
- ATSC 3.0 supports delivery of a wide range of television services including televised video, interactive services, non-real time delivery of data, and tailored advertising to a large number of receiving devices, from ultra-high-definition televisions to wireless telephones.
- ATSC 3.0 also orchestrates coordination between broadcast content (referred to as “over the air” or OTA) and related broadband delivered content and services (referred to as “over the top” or OTT).
- OTA broadcast content
- OTT broadband delivered content and services
- ATSC 3.0 is designed to be flexible so that as technology evolves, advances can be readily incorporated without requiring a complete overhaul of any related technical standard.
- an ATSC 3.0 receiver scans for services including in reception areas that contain two or more frequencies carrying the same service, as may occur in a boundary region in which broadcast signals from two regional ATSC 3.0 broadcaster stations overlap. These boundary regions exist in a multifrequency network (MFN).
- MFN multifrequency network
- a broadcast digital TV receiver should choose to tune to the RF broadcast which it is able to receive with the strongest, most error-free signal, but this represents a small set of information.
- Present principles provide techniques for how a receiver can automatically improve and optimize reception based on information about its location, speed, and direction and the transmitter location(s).
- a method in digital television in which at least one receiver can receive broadcast signals, includes identifying respective locations of the transmitters, identifying a location of the receiver and at least one parameter of motion of the receiver, and based at least in part on the respective locations of the transmitters, the location of the receiver, and the parameter of motion of the receiver, identifying at least a first tuner of a multi-tuner chip to provide signals to a primary demodulator or decoder.
- the method includes using an output of the primary demodulator or decoder to present a demanded service on at least one display.
- the method further includes, based at least in part on the respective locations of the transmitters, the location of the receiver, and the parameter of motion of the receiver, identifying at least a second tuner of the multi-tuner chip to scan for a duplicate of the demanded service.
- the multi-tuner chip may include four tuners.
- the method can include, responsive to the second tuner not detecting a duplicate of the demanded service, tuning the second tuner to a frequency associated with the demanded service and providing an output of the second tuner to the primary demodulator or decoder.
- the method can include using plural tuners including the first tuner of the multi-tuner chip to provide signals to the primary demodulator or decoder, and responsive to identifying that the first tuner provides a signal satisfying a threshold, switching others of the plural tuners from providing signals to the primary demodulator or decoder to providing signals for scanning for the duplicate of the demanded service.
- the parameter of motion may include direction and/or speed.
- the method can include identifying at least the first tuner of the multi-tuner chip to provide signals to the primary demodulator or decoder at least in part using at least one machine learning (ML) model.
- ML machine learning
- an apparatus in another aspect, includes at least one receiver configured to configure at least first antenna input to a primary demodulator or decoder based at least in part on a motion parameter of the receiver and configure at least second antenna input to a secondary demodulator or decoder based at least in part on the motion parameter of the receiver.
- a digital television apparatus includes at least one receiver with at least one processor programmed with instructions to configure the processor to use a first tuner to provide input to a primary demodulator or decoder to present a demanded digital TV service.
- the instructions are executable to use a second tuner to provide input to a secondary demodulator or decoder to scan for a duplicate of the demanded digital TV service.
- the instructions are executable to switch at least one of the tuners to provide input to a different demodulator or decoder at least in part based on at least one motion parameter of the receiver.
- FIG 1 illustrates an Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 system
- FIG. 1 illustrates components of the devices shown in Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example specific system
- Figure 4 illustrates a first example embodiment of a digital TV receiver
- Figure 5 illustrates a second example embodiment of a digital TV receiver
- Figure 6 illustrates example transmitter logic in example flow chart format consistent with present principles
- Figure 7 illustrates example receiver logic in example flow chart format consistent with present principles
- Figure 8 illustrates logic for training a machine learning (ML) model in example flow chart format consistent with present principles
- Figure 9 illustrates additional example receiver logic in example flow chart format consistent with present principles.
- An example system herein may include ATSC 3.0 source components and client components, connected via broadcast and/or over a network such that data may be exchanged between the client and ATSC 3.0 source components.
- the client components may include one or more computing devices including portable televisions (e.g., smart TVs, Internet-enabled TVs), portable computers such as laptops and tablet computers, and other mobile devices including smart phones and additional examples discussed below.
- portable televisions e.g., smart TVs, Internet-enabled TVs
- portable computers such as laptops and tablet computers
- other mobile devices including smart phones and additional examples discussed below.
- These client devices may operate with a variety of operating environments.
- some of the client computers may employ, as examples, operating systems from Microsoft, or a Unix operating system, or operating systems produced by Apple Computer or Google, such as Android®.
- These operating environments may be used to execute one or more browsing programs, such as a browser made by Microsoft or Google or Mozilla or other browser program that can access websites hosted by the Internet servers discussed below.
- ATSC 3.0 source components may include broadcast transmission components and servers and/or gateways that may include one or more processors executing instructions that configure the source components to broadcast data and/or to transmit data over a network such as the Internet.
- a client component and/or a local ATSC 3.0 source component may be instantiated by a game console such as a Sony PlayStation®, a personal computer, etc.
- servers and/or clients can include firewalls, load balancers, temporary storages, and proxies, and other network infrastructure for reliability and security.
- instructions refer to computer-implemented steps for processing information in the system. Instructions can be implemented in software, firmware or hardware and include any type of programmed step undertaken by components of the system.
- a processor may be a single- or multi-chip processor that can execute logic by means of various lines such as address lines, data lines, and control lines and registers and shift registers.
- Software modules described by way of the flow charts and user interfaces herein can include various sub-routines, procedures, etc. Without limiting the disclosure, logic stated to be executed by a particular module can be redistributed to other software modules and/or combined together in a single module and/or made available in a shareable library. While flow chart format may be used, it is to be understood that software may be implemented as a state machine or other logical method.
- logical blocks, modules, and circuits can be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein.
- DSP digital signal processor
- FPGA field programmable gate array
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- a processor can be implemented by a controller or state machine or a combination of computing devices.
- HTTP hypertext markup language
- ROM read-only memory
- EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
- CD- ROM compact disk read-only memory
- DVD digital versatile disc
- USB universal serial bus
- a connection may establish a computer-readable medium.
- Such connections can include, as examples, hard-wired cables including fiber optics and coaxial wires and digital subscriber line (DSL) and twisted pair wires.
- a recitation of “having at least one of A, B, and C” includes alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.
- Machine learning models consistent with present principles may use various algorithms trained in ways that include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, reinforcement learning, feature learning, self-learning, and other forms of learning. Examples of such algorithms, which can be implemented by computer circuitry, include one or more neural networks, such as a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), and a type of RNN known as a long short-term memory (LSTM) network. Support vector machines (SVM) and Bayesian networks also may be considered to be examples of machine learning models.
- CNN convolutional neural network
- RNN recurrent neural network
- LSTM long short-term memory
- SVM Support vector machines
- Bayesian networks also may be considered to be examples of machine learning models.
- performing machine learning may therefore involve accessing and then training a model on training data to enable the model to process further data to make inferences.
- An artificial neural network/artificial intelligence model trained through machine learning may thus include an input layer, an output layer, and multiple hidden layers in between that that are configured and weighted to make inferences about an appropriate output.
- an example of an ATSC 3.0 source component is labeled “broadcaster equipment” 10 and may include over-the-air (OTA) equipment 12 for wirelessly broadcasting, typically via orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in a one-to-many relationship, television data to plural receivers 14 such as ATSC 3.0 televisions.
- OTA over-the-air
- OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
- One or more receivers 14 may communicate with one or more companion devices 16 such as remote controls, tablet computers, mobile telephones, and the like over a short range, typically wireless link 18 that may be implemented by Bluetooth®, low energy Bluetooth, other near field communication (NFC) protocol, infrared (IR), etc.
- one or more of the receivers 14 may communicate, via a wired and/or wireless network link 20 such as the Internet, with over-the-top (OTT) equipment 22 of the broadcaster equipment 10 typically in a one-to-one relationship.
- the OTA equipment 12 may be co-located with the OTT equipment 22 or the two sides 12, 22 of the broadcaster equipment 10 may be remote from each other and may communicate with each other through appropriate means.
- a receiver 14 may receive ATSC 3.0 television signals OTA over a tuned-to ATSC 3.0 television channel and may also receive related content, including television, OTT (broadband).
- computerized devices described in all of the figures herein may include some or all of the components set forth for various devices in Figures 1 and 2.
- Figure 2 illustrates an example protocol stack that may be implemented by a combination of hardware and software.
- broadcasters can send hybrid service delivery in which one or more program elements are delivered via a computer network (referred to herein as “broadband” and “over-the-top” (OTT)) as well as via a wireless broadcast (referred to herein as “broadcast” and “over-the-air” (OTA)).
- Figure 2 also illustrates an example stack with hardware that may be embodied by a receiver.
- the application layer 204 can include one or more software applications written in, e.g., HTML5/Javascript running in a runtime environment.
- the applications in the application stack 204 may include linear TV applications, interactive service applications, companion screen applications, personalization applications, emergency alert applications, and usage reporting applications.
- the applications typically are embodied in software that represents the elements that the viewer experiences, including video coding, audio coding and the run-time environment.
- an application may be provided that enables a user to control dialog, use alternate audio tracks, control audio parameters such as normalization and dynamic range, and so on.
- the presentation layer 206 includes, on the broadcast (OTA) side, broadcast audio-video playback devices referred to as Media Processing Units (MPU) 208 that, when implemented in a receiver, decode and playback, on one or more displays and speakers, wirelessly broadcast audio video content.
- the MPU 208 is configured to present International Organization for Standardization (ISO) base media file format (BMFF) data representations 210 and video in high efficiency video coding (HEVC) with audio in, e.g., Dolby audio compression (AC-4) format.
- ISO BMFF is a general file structure for timebased media files broken into “segments” and presentation metadata. Each of the files is essentially a collection of nested objects each with a type and a length.
- the MPU 208 may access a broadcast side encrypted media extension (EME)/common encryption (CENC) module 212.
- EME broadcast side encrypted media extension
- CENC common encryption
- Figure 2 further illustrates that on the broadcast side the presentation layer 206 may include signaling modules, including either motion pictures expert group (MPEG) media transport protocol (MMTP) signaling module 214 or real-time object delivery over unidirectional transport (ROUTE) signaling module 216 for delivering non-real time (NRT) content 218 that is accessible to the application layer 204.
- NRT content may include but is not limited to stored replacement advertisements.
- the presentation layer 206 can include one or more dynamic adaptive streaming over hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) (DASH) player/decoders 220 for decoding and playing audio-video content from the Internet.
- DASH dynamic adaptive streaming over hypertext transfer protocol
- the DASH player 220 may access a broadband side EME/CENC module 222.
- the DASH content may be provided as DASH segments 224 in ISO/BMFF format.
- the broadband side of the presentation layer 206 may include NRT content in files 226 and may also include signaling objects 228 for providing play back signaling.
- the session layer 230 includes, on the broadcast side, either MMTP protocol 232 or ROUTE protocol 234. Note that the ATSC standard provides an option to use MPEG MMT for transport, though it is not shown here.
- the session layer 230 includes HTTP protocol 236 which may be implemented as HTTP-secure (HTTP(S)).
- HTTP HTTP-secure
- the broadcast side of the session layer 230 also may employ a HTTP proxy module 238 and a service list table (SLT) 240.
- SLT 240 includes a table of signaling information which is used to build a basic service listing and provide bootstrap discovery of the broadcast content.
- Media presentation descriptions (MPD) are included in the “ROUTE Signaling” tables delivered over user datagram protocol (UDP) by the ROUTE transport protocol.
- a transport layer 242 is below the session layer 230 in the protocol stack for establishing low-latency and loss-tolerating connections. On the broadcast side the transport layer 242 uses
- the example non-limiting protocol stack shown in Figure 2 also includes a network layer 248 below the transport layer 242.
- the network layer 248 uses Internet protocol (IP) on both sides for IP packet communication, with multicast delivery being typical on the broadcast side and unicast being typical on the broadband side.
- IP Internet protocol
- the physical layer 250 which includes broadcast transmission/receive equipment 252 and computer network interface(s) 254 for communicating on the respective physical media associated with the two sides.
- the physical layer 250 converts Internet Protocol (IP) packets to be suitable to be transported over the relevant medium and may add forward error correction functionality to enable error correction at the receiver as well as contain modulation and demodulation modules to incorporate modulation and demodulation functionalities. This converts bits into symbols for long distance transmission as well as to increase bandwidth efficiency.
- IP Internet Protocol
- the physical layer 250 typically includes a wireless broadcast transmitter to broadcast data wirelessly using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) while on the OTT side the physical layer 250 includes computer transmission components to send data over the Internet.
- OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
- DASH-IF DASH Industry Forum
- HTTP/TCP/IP DASH Industry Forum
- Media files in the DASH- IF profile based on the ISO BMFF may be used as the delivery, media encapsulation and synchronization format for both broadcast and broadband delivery.
- Each receiver 14 typically includes a protocol stack that is complementary to that of the broadcaster equipment.
- a receiver 14 in Figure 1 may include, as shown in Figure 2, an Internet-enabled TV with an ATSC 3.0 TV tuner (equivalently, set top box controlling a TV) 256.
- the receiver 14 may be an Android®-based system.
- the receiver 14 alternatively may be implemented by a computerized Internet enabled (“smart”) telephone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a wearable computerized device, and so on. Regardless, it is to be understood that the receiver 14 and/or other computers described herein is configured to undertake present principles (e.g., communicate with other devices to undertake present principles, execute the logic described herein, and perform any other functions and/or operations described herein).
- the receiver 14 can be established by some or all of the components shown in Figure 1.
- the receiver 14 can include one or more displays 258 that may be implemented by a high definition or ultra-high definition “4K” or higher flat screen and that may or may not be touch-enabled for receiving user input signals via touches on the display.
- the receiver 14 may also include one or more speakers 260 for outputting audio in accordance with present principles, and at least one additional input device 262 such as, e.g., an audio receiver/microphone for, e.g., entering audible commands to the receiver 14 to control the receiver 14.
- the example receiver 14 may further include one or more network interfaces 264 for communication over at least one network such as the Internet, a WAN, a LAN, a PAN etc. under control of one or more processors 266.
- the interface 264 may be, without limitation, a WiFi transceiver, which is an example of a wireless computer network interface, such as but not limited to a mesh network transceiver.
- the interface 264 may be, without limitation, a Bluetooth® transceiver, Zigbee® transceiver, Infrared Data Association (IrDA) transceiver, Wireless USB transceiver, wired USB, wired LAN, Powerline or Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA).
- IrDA Infrared Data Association
- the processor 266 controls the receiver 14 to undertake present principles, including the other elements of the receiver 14 described herein such as, for instance, controlling the display 258 to present images thereon and receiving input therefrom.
- the network interface 264 may be, e.g., a wired or wireless modem or router, or other appropriate interface such as, e.g., a wireless telephony transceiver, or Wi-Fi transceiver as mentioned above, etc.
- the receiver 14 may also include one or more input ports 268 such as a high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) port or a USB port to physically connect (using a wired connection) to another CE device and/or a headphone port to connect headphones to the receiver 14 for presentation of audio from the receiver 14 to a user through the headphones.
- the input port 268 may be connected via wire or wirelessly to a cable or satellite source of audio video content.
- the source may be a separate or integrated set top box, or a satellite receiver.
- the source may be a game console or disk player.
- the receiver 14 may further include one or more computer memories 270 such as diskbased or solid-state storage that are not transitory signals, in some cases embodied in the chassis of the receiver as standalone devices or as a personal video recording device (PVR) or video disk player either internal or external to the chassis of the receiver for playing back audio video (AV) programs or as removable memory media.
- the receiver 14 can include a position or location receiver 272 such as but not limited to a cellphone receiver, global positioning satellite (GPS) receiver, and/or altimeter that is configured to e.g. receive geographic position information from at least one satellite or cellphone tower and provide the information to the processor 266 and/or determine an altitude at which the receiver 14 is disposed in conjunction with the processor 266.
- GPS global positioning satellite
- altimeter that is configured to e.g. receive geographic position information from at least one satellite or cellphone tower and provide the information to the processor 266 and/or determine an altitude at which the receiver 14 is disposed in conjunction with the processor 266.
- another suitable position receiver other than a
- the receiver 14 may include one or more cameras 274 that may include one or more of a thermal imaging camera, a digital camera such as a webcam, and/or a camera integrated into the receiver 14 and controllable by the processor 266 to gather pictures/images and/or video in accordance with present principles.
- a Bluetooth® transceiver 276 or other Near Field Communication (NFC) element for communication with other devices using Bluetooth® and/or NFC technology, respectively.
- NFC element can be a radio frequency identification (RFID) element.
- the receiver 14 may include one or more auxiliary sensors 278 (such as a motion sensor such as an accelerometer, gyroscope, cyclometer, or a magnetic sensor and combinations thereof), an infrared (IR) sensor for receiving IR commands from a remote control, an optical sensor, a speed and/or cadence sensor, a gesture sensor (for sensing gesture commands) and so on providing input to the processor 266.
- auxiliary sensors 278 such as a motion sensor such as an accelerometer, gyroscope, cyclometer, or a magnetic sensor and combinations thereof
- IR infrared
- An IR sensor 280 may be provided to receive commands from a wireless remote control.
- a battery (not shown) may be provided for powering the receiver 14.
- the companion device 16 may incorporate some or all of the elements shown in relation to the receiver 14 described above.
- the methods described herein may be implemented as software instructions executed by a processor, suitably configured application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) or field programmable gate array (FPGA) modules, or any other convenient manner as would be appreciated by those skilled in those art.
- ASIC application specific integrated circuits
- FPGA field programmable gate array
- the software instructions may be embodied in a non-transitory device such as a CD ROM or Flash drive.
- the software code instructions may alternatively be embodied in a transitory arrangement such as a radio or optical signal, or via a download over the Internet.
- a simplified digital TV system such as an ATSC 3.0 system is shown.
- a mobile or stationary digital TV receiver such as an ATSC 3.0 receiver 300 that may include any or all of the relevant components discussed above in relation to Figures 1 and 2 is located in a boundary region 302 between first and second ATSC 3.0 broadcast stations or assemblies 304, with signals from both broadcast stations 304 potentially being picked up by the receiver 300 in the region 302.
- a first ATSC 3.0 service (“Service A”) is broadcast from the first broadcast station 304 over a first frequency, whereas the same service A or a substitute therefor is broadcast from the second broadcast station 304 over a second frequency different from the first frequency.
- the receiver 300 potentially picks up both frequencies, i.e., the receiver 300 picks up signals from both broadcast stations 304.
- the receiver 300 is a mobile receiver on, e.g., a vehicle that is moving as indicated by the arrow 306 toward the second station 304.
- the receiver 300 may include a first antenna 308 mounted on the front of the receiver or vehicle or chip on which the receiver is implemented, a second antenna 310 mounted on the rear, and third and fourth antenna 312, 314 mounted on opposite sides as shown.
- Present principles control an antenna (or series of antennas) to point to a transmitting tower 304 shown in Figure 3 provided the angle of arrival is worked out with either GPS coordinates or dead-reckoning sensors along with direction of travel rather than use patterns of received signal energy.
- Adaptive selection of which antenna is used provides the best possible signal energy in a signal search.
- the example shown in Figure 3 is using four antennas mounted on a vehicle moving from market A to market B as shown by the arrow 306. Forward facing antennas would be better suited to search for new signal rather than the rear- facing antenna.
- the rear facing antenna 310 and right-side antennas 314 could be used in a 2- diversity combination to continue watching current programming.
- the left-side antennas 312 would not be of much help. It will be appreciated that receivers move and change direction constantly. Selection of proper antennas to track best angle of signal arrival enables a receiver to use its optimally placed antennas to combine signal energy positively and not have any destructive interference be combined into (e.g., MRC) combination algorithm.
- Correct antenna selection requires location awareness or knowledge. This can be available with dead-reckoning sensors in vehicles including those described above along with speedometer, directional compass, telematics units, etc. and broadcasters can emit signaling of their own (GPS coordinate) locations. This allows receivers to compute their location in relation to signal emitting towers and turn on/directionally point antennas to that tower for either receiving current programming or search for the next available signal in a coming market.
- GPS coordinate GPS coordinate
- FIG 4 illustrates an example non-limiting embodiment of a digital TV receiver such as an ATSC 3.0 receiver 400 that may include any or all of the relevant components discussed above in relation to Figures 1 and 2.
- the ATSC 3.0 receiver 400 may include first through fourth antenna 402 feeding respective tuners 404 that in turn feed respective demodulators 406. At least the tuners and demodulators may be implemented on a chip 408. Signals from the demodulators 406 may be sent one or more receiver processors 410.
- Figure 5 illustrates an example non-limiting embodiment of a digital TV receiver such as an ATSC 3.0 receiver 500 that may include any or all of the relevant components discussed above in relation to Figures 1 and 2.
- Signal SNR or packet error loss or knowledge of location can all be used to feed a decision algorithm making the choice of when to search for a new signal and when to switch to that new signal.
- the ATSC 3.0 receiver 500 may be a mobile receiver, e.g., as by being implemented in a mobile phone or being disposed in a moving vehicle. In some examples, the ATSC 3.0 receiver 500 may be a stationary receiver, e.g., a receiver located inside a home.
- the example ATSC 3.0 receiver 500 shown in Figure 5 includes plural tuners 502 (four, in the example shown) sending signals to demodulators or decoders 504 picked up by the tuners from one or more antennae.
- the ATSC 3.0 receiver 500 has four tuners and two demodulators or decoders with two tuners feeding a first or primary demodulator or decoder and two other tuners feeding a secondary demodulator or decoder, it being understood that the receiver may have a greater or lesser number of tuner/demodulators.
- the receiver 500 may have the capability to switch antennae input to the tuners as indicated by the switches 506, such that a first tuner may receive signals from, e.g., three antennae and a second tuner may receive signals from the fourth antenna, and then a switch may be made to swap antenna input between the tuners.
- Two antennae may provide input to each respective tuner. All four antennae may provide input to a single tuner.
- the demodulators or decoders 504 can provide input to a USB bridge 508 to output at 510 a USB bulk video stream.
- Either one of the receivers 400, 400 in Figures 4 and 5 may be implemented by Sony Semiconductor’s CXD2885GL ‘CLOVER’ chip which contains four tuners/demodulators.
- MRC maximal ratio combining
- the antennae can be steered physically or electronically.
- the quality metrics can include, e.g., signal to noise ratio (SNR) and error rate as may be represented by, e.g., packet error number (PEN).
- SNR signal to noise ratio
- PEN packet error number
- the quality metrics can include resolution, e.g., whether a service is in high definition (HD) or standard definition (SD).
- HD high definition
- SD standard definition
- the quality metric also can include bitrate and form-factor, recognizing that not all HD is the same.
- the quality metrics can include content attributes such as whether a service supports foreign languages, accessibility signaling (e.g., where signing is being done), audio description, and other content aspects.
- the quality metrics can include locality preference (such as a first region channel being strong, but all the ads are for the first region and not a second region preferred by the user so that a duplicate service from the second region may be accorded preference over the first region).
- the quality metrics can include quality of user interfaces carried in the service.
- SNR may be determined during the scan by noting both the received signal strength of each received frequency and any accompanying noise on that frequency and determining the quotient thereof.
- Error rate may be determined by, e.g., determining a percentage of packets missed (by noting missing packet numbers) and/or by determining a percentage of received packets with errors in them as determined by error correction algorithms.
- Figure 6 illustrates logic executable by a transmitter such as an OTA transmitter or OTT transmitter.
- a transmitter such as an OTA transmitter or OTT transmitter.
- an ATSC 3.0 receiver particularly (but not limited to) a mobile device encounters a set of two or more RF broadcasts where two or more RF broadcasts include programming which is identified as substantially the same (for example, by having identical globalServiceld values).
- the receiver should choose to tune to the RF broadcast which it is able to receive with the strongest, most error-free signal. Absent present principles, a receiver must choose based on only signal strength or error rates encountered at the current time or in the past.
- present principles enable a receiver to choose the best RF broadcast to tune to based on information of the receiver's location, direction and speed of travel, transmitter locations, topographical features of the receiver and transmitter locations. For example, if encountering two equivalent signals while traveling in the direction of one of those signals, a receiver should probably tune to the transmission it is moving toward. On the other hand, if there is a topographical feature (like a mountain) which will decrease the signal quality if the receiver continues at its current heading and speed, then the receiver might choose to tune to a broadcast not subject to the signal quality issues due to the mountain until after the mountain is no longer affecting the signal quality.
- a light direction and ranging (LIDAR) apparatus associated with, e.g., the receiver may be used to generate a topographical map.
- LIDAR light direction and ranging
- a receiver can utilize the above information (particularly transmitter locations and receiver location) to automatically adjust antenna configuration to maximize reception (for example, by controlling an antenna rotator, or an antenna's beamforming capabilities).
- a machine learning (ML) model process can utilize the above information to predict the best reception parameters (antenna configuration) and best transmission to tune to in a more- accurate more-efficient way.
- two or more transmitters which may be wireless broadcast transmitters and/or broadband transmitters, send substantially the same digital TV service at substantially the same time, albeit in the case of broadcasters on different frequencies if desired.
- “Substantially the same service” in some embodiments can refer to two duplicate versions of the same service having the same global service identifier (GSID), which refers to the attribute @globalServiceID in table
- Substantially the same service in some embodiments can refer to two duplicate versions of the same service having the same broadcast stream identification (BSID). “Substantially the same service” in some embodiments can refer to a service that is an acceptable replacement for the service being replaced, for example, services in which signaling indicates a second service is a replacement or equivalent for a first service.
- BSID broadcast stream identification
- each transmitter can signal its respective geo location data, e.g., latitude, longitude, elevation. This signaling may be inserted into a SLT.
- Figure 7 illustrates receiver side logic.
- the locations of digital TV broadcast transmitters are identified, e.g., using received signaling or using a digitally stored map of transmitter locations and considering only those within a threshold distance of the receiver.
- the current location of the receiver is indicated at block 702 as being identified along with the current course and speed of the receiver and if desired topographical information about the local surroundings as obtained from a digital map or detected by, e.g., radar or lidar.
- antennas that point toward the direction of a best-received demanded service may be used to present the service with one antenna dedicated for searching. This provides higher SNR results for the demanded service. If it is determined at decision diamond 704 (from, e.g., accessing a map indicating that no alternative transmitter is within a threshold distance of the receiver or from a complete lack of signal from the scanning antenna/tuner) that there is no indication of other possible duplicate service nearby, all four antennae/tuners can be dedicated to the demanded service at block 706. If there is an indication of a second or duplicate service, at block 708 the antenna with the best possible geometric location with respect to the transmitter of the duplicate service may be used for scanning for the duplicate service. That antenna likely will be in the front of the vehicle (direction of travel) when the receiver is mounted on a vehicle. The remaining antennae/tuners are used at block 710 to tune to and provide the demanded service for presentation on a display.
- Antenna selection may be accomplished using at least one ML model which may be trained starting at block 800 in Figure 8.
- Ground truth is input to the ML model.
- the ground truth may include latitudes, longitudes, and elevations of actual digital TV broadcaster transmitters, superimposed on a topographical map of the surrounding environs.
- the ground truth may include these features only for a region, or for a nation, or for the entire globe.
- the ground truth also may include plural hypothetical receiver locations, courses, and speeds along with hypothetical signal quality metrics or quality metrics actually measured at the locations by test vehicles.
- the ground truth may include correct antenna/tuner-to-primary or secondary demodulator or decoder assignation (i.e., correct “antenna configuration”).
- the ground truth may include an indication of which of two frequencies is the best selection at each hypothetical receiver location.
- the ML model is trained at block 802 based on the ground truth input at block 800, for subsequent use in receivers executing the Ml model.
- a first antenna/tuner providing signals with better quality metrics than a second frequency may be selected as a primary antenna/tuner to provide the demanded service when the receiver is stationary.
- the second antenna/tuner may be used to scan for a duplicate service (selected as input to a secondary demodulator or decoder).
- a first a first antenna/tuner providing signals with better quality metrics than a second a first antenna/tuner may be selected as a primary antenna/tuner to provide the demanded service when the receiver is stationary, and no topographical obstructions lie between the receiver and the transmitter sending the service on the first frequency.
- the second antenna/tuner may be used to scan for a duplicate service (selected as input to a secondary demodulator or decoder).
- a first a first antenna/tuner providing signals with lower quality metrics than a second antenna/tuner may be selected as a primary antenna/tuner to provide the demanded service when the receiver is stationary and at least one topographical obstruction lies between the receiver and the transmitter sending the service detected by the first antenna/tuner.
- the second antenna/tuner may be used to scan for a duplicate service (selected as input to a secondary demodulator or decoder).
- a first antenna/tuner providing signals with better quality metrics than a second antenna/tuner by a significant amount, such as an SNR differential above a threshold, may be selected as a primary antenna/tuner to provide the demanded service when the receiver is stationary and at least one topographical obstruction lies between the receiver and the transmitter sending the service.
- the second antenna/tuner may be used to scan for a duplicate service (selected as input to a secondary demodulator or decoder).
- a first antenna/tuner providing signals with lower quality metrics than a second antenna/tuner may be selected when the receiver is moving toward the transmitter sending the service.
- the second antenna/tuner may be used to scan for a duplicate service (selected as input to a secondary demodulator or decoder).
- a first antenna/tuner providing signals with lower quality metrics than a second antenna/tuner may be selected as a primary antenna/tuner to provide the demanded service only if the receiver is moving toward the transmitter by at least a threshold velocity.
- the second antenna/tuner may be used to scan for a duplicate service (selected as input to a secondary demodulator or decoder).
- a first antenna/tuner providing signals with lower quality metrics than a second antenna/tuner may be selected as a primary antenna/tuner to provide the demanded service only if the receiver is moving toward the transmitter sending the service and no obstructions exist between the receiver and the transmitter.
- the second antenna/tuner may be used to scan for a duplicate service (selected as input to a secondary demodulator or decoder).
- a first antenna/tuner providing signals with lower quality metrics than a second antenna/tuner may be selected as a primary antenna/tuner to provide the demanded service only if the receiver is moving toward the transmitter whose signal is tuned to by the first tuner and an obstruction exists between the receiver and the transmitter whose signal is tuned to by the second tuner.
- the second antenna/tuner may be used to scan for a duplicate service (selected as input to a secondary demodulator or decoder).
- a first antenna/tuner providing signals with lower quality metrics than a second antenna/tuner may be selected as a primary antenna/tuner to provide the demanded service if the receiver is moving toward the transmitter being tuned to by the first tuner, an obstruction exists between the receiver and the transmitter sending the service tuned to by the first tuner, but the elevation of the transmitter sending the service tuned to by the first tuner is higher than the obstruction.
- the second antenna/tuner may be used to scan for a duplicate service (selected as input to a secondary demodulator or decoder). These are but some example heuristics that may be used to select an antenna/tuner as a primary or secondary antenna/tuner.
- Figure 9 illustrates at block 900 that the primary service can continue playing while possibly flipping around which tuners are in use for both primary and secondary demodulators using, e.g., a round-robin approach.
- the antenna/tuner pair that produces the best signal from a transmitter of a potential duplicate service of the demanded service being presented as a primary service is selected to scan the frequencies from that transmitter.
- that secondary demodulator locks onto another service at decision diamond 904 then it may be determined what to do next.
- an antenna/tuner may be added to the scanning function if there is high enough SNR with one tuner feeding the primary demodulator to properly present the demanded primary service.
- tuner diversity It could get to the point where adequately presenting the primary service requires only two or even one tuner diversity, meaning that other tuners can be dedicated to scanning for a duplicate service.
- This determination may be made using machine learning if desired by training according to principles herein to determine when to switch antennas in/out of primary/secondary demodulators for optimum performance of extracting data from received signal energy.
- Location awareness helps receivers know when other RF signals could become available. Also, knowledge of transmission power levels and mode of operation could inform receivers of expected noise floors and signal energy.
- Robust transition to a new frequency may include using thresholds of when a signal is lost as determined at decision diamond 908 permanently due to exiting the RF horizon of a transmitter vs. the receiver simply passing through a temporary obstruction such as a tunnel, as well as thresholds of when a signal is strong enough to ride out channel impairments and the natural variability of signal energy in mobile use cases.
- Expected signal energy values and noise floors may be used at block 910 to determine when to switch service presentation from a primary service to a secondary (duplicate) service.
- Expected signal energy values are useful and can be determined by reading signaled modulation/coding (ModCod), Guard Intervals, Scattered Pilot patterns, multiplexing options, etc. and have a lookup table to correlate the resulting payloads to Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) also known as AWGN SNR, Simulated SNR, Lab SNR, Field SNR.
- BICM Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation
- an actual energy value of a received primary service decreases toward an expected value for approaching the RF horizon of a transmitter, a permanent loss of the signal may be impending and so presentation may be switched to the secondary demodulator or decoder.
- a temporary loss of the signal may be indicated and so presentation may be maintained using the primary demodulator or decoder for the (expected) brief period of signal outage.
- Signal energy continues to vary over time as a device travels through a market.
- antenna selection and directivity can be optimized. Combinations of antennas improves performance.
- the number of antennas to use to combine either the current configuration (on a primary route path) or signal searching configuration (on a secondary route path) may be determined. This may include knowing which antennas to use to point to known transmitter locations vs. knowing when signal strength will likely become stronger.
- antennas can be used in the searching configuration path (secondary) to improve received energy and switch sooner. Choosing proper antennas (e.g., in the front when coming into a new market) in the search configuration aids quicker selection of that path to render services.
- the algorithms may be based on a number (such as four) of antennas located on front left, front right, back left, back right of a vehicle. While traveling in good signal area, all antennas may be used to receive a service. If one or more of the two front facing demodulators show they are not positively contributing to service, they may be switched for use to scan for a partial or duplicate service instead.
- a programmable hysteresis may use machine learning to find optimum levels of thresholds for determining what is ‘enough’ signal energy in a channel within a programmable time length.
- a demodulator may be used to keep monitoring.
- the other front antenna may be considered for applying diversity either to the new RF channel or to the existing service on current RF channel.
- Algorithms can be based on machine learning to prevent deterioration of existing service while weighting the preparation to handoff diversity gains to a new service in a MFN scenario.
- Parameters like packet loss, Signal to Noise Ratio, lock indicators, etc. can be the algorithm inputs.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US17/525,870 US20230079214A1 (en) | 2021-09-13 | 2021-11-13 | Dynamic antenna configuration |
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2022
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