WO2023037081A1 - Procede de traitement d'un produit contenant de l'amiante - Google Patents
Procede de traitement d'un produit contenant de l'amiante Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023037081A1 WO2023037081A1 PCT/FR2022/051706 FR2022051706W WO2023037081A1 WO 2023037081 A1 WO2023037081 A1 WO 2023037081A1 FR 2022051706 W FR2022051706 W FR 2022051706W WO 2023037081 A1 WO2023037081 A1 WO 2023037081A1
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- whey
- asbestos
- waste
- lactobacillus
- lactic acid
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- 235000021108 sauerkraut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052616 serpentine group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052889 tremolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021241 α-lactalbumin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/02—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by biological methods, i.e. processes using enzymes or microorganisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/60—Biochemical treatment, e.g. by using enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
- A62D2101/41—Inorganic fibres, e.g. asbestos
Definitions
- the present invention falls within the field of biological processes for the treatment of products containing asbestos and in particular, asbestos waste.
- Asbestos are fibrous minerals of the magnesium silicate phyllo type which have been widely used for their many properties, in particular insulating properties, and their chemical and mechanical resistance. Their use has been banned in France since 1997 because of the harmful consequences on human health.
- the asbestos removal of many sites generates waste which constitutes significant tonnages with which society must deal.
- Chrysotile (Mg6Si40io(OH)s) the only asbestiform mineral species of the serpentine group, represents 95% of the industrial use of asbestos.
- the main asbestos-based products come mainly from the construction industry (buildings and public works) and include, in particular, asbestos-cement, which represents approximately 80% of global asbestos production, and raw bulk asbestos used in flocking processes. There is currently no satisfactory treatment for asbestos.
- the most widely used means of asbestos removal in France today is landfill storage in specialized centres. Although it is economical, it requires large storage areas to store waste. In addition, it does not treat the dangerousness of asbestos (Damien, 2016). Plasma fusion vitrification is also used to process products containing asbestos (Spasiano and Pirozzi, 2017). However, although effective, this method of asbestos removal is extremely expensive, in particular due to its energy-intensive nature.
- Chemical or thermochemical treatments are also considered, generating for some a recoverable treatment product with high added values. Nevertheless, limiting points persist.
- chemical treatments are based on the acid attack of chrysotile and require the use of strong acids (for example, hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric or hydrofluoric acids), which poses problems related to the dangerousness of these acids.
- application WO 2015/166359 describes a process for treating asbestos comprising the preparation of an acid solution by subjecting food industry waste to mixed fungal and bacterial proliferation and/or fermentation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acinetobacter acetii), and treating an asbestos-containing material with the acid solution/suspension obtained from the mixed fermentation at a temperature of 120-170°C and a pressure of 2-10 bar.
- a process using whey from the dairy industry has, for example, been developed to treat fiber cement waste.
- whey is an acid waste, composed in particular of lactic acid, which makes it possible to release the asbestos fibers from this waste by dissolving the cementitious matrix.
- the fibers are then treated by a hydrothermal attack making it possible to obtain an inert waste (EP2428254B1).
- these biological processes have the advantage of being more ecological and less dangerous than the treatments mentioned above, their effectiveness must be improved in terms of asbestos removal and in terms of cost.
- the process described in EP2428254B1 is based on a strong extraction of iron and magnesium reflecting the alteration of asbestos. This extraction is linked to the acid pH of the whey; gold this one increases gradually during the reaction because of the dissolution of magnesium oxide, which involves a fast limitation of the effectiveness of the process.
- the present inventors have surprisingly found that the inoculation (or inoculation) of whey with lactic acid bacteria, and in particular, with lactic acid bacteria chosen from the group comprising Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp argentoratensis, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus sakei subsp sakei 484, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus fermentum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus brevis, , Pediococcus parvulus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus
- the present inventors have also surprisingly discovered that the rate of alteration of asbestos is increased by a step of prior grinding of the product comprising asbestos.
- the authors have thus shown that the extraction of iron and/or magnesium is greater in ground fiber cement waste than in unground flocking waste (see Figure 7 of the present application).
- the subject of the present application is thus a method for treating a product containing asbestos, said method comprising the following steps: a) the grinding of the product containing asbestos, b) the incubation of the said ground product with step a) with whey inoculated with lactic acid bacteria.
- asbestos as it is understood here designates the varieties of hydrated, magnesium or calcium silicates, formed naturally during the metamorphism of rocks, which can be transformed into mineral fibres.
- serpentines which are hydrated magnesium phyllosilicates with a lamellar structure, the most common fibrous form of which is “chrysotile” or “white asbestos”
- - amphiboles double chain silicates which can include five distinct fibrous varieties, namely: anthophyllites, actinolites, tremolites, amosites called “brown asbestos”, and crocidolite called “blue asbestos", each differing from another by its chemical composition.
- the product comprising asbestos is a waste containing asbestos.
- asbestos waste There are several types of asbestos waste:
- the flocking or thermal insulation waste is preferably chrysotile of formula [Mg3(Si2Os)(OH)4].
- Chrysotile does not contain internalized iron in its theoretical chemical composition, however iron may be present following substitutions of magnesium and silicon on the sheets.
- chrysotile contains magnesium in its crystalline structure which can be extracted to alter this asbestos waste.
- fiber cement waste is amphibole-type asbestos waste, preferably amosite of formula [(Fe 2+ Mg)? SisO22(OH)2] or crocidolite of formula [Na2Fe 2+ 3(Fe 2+ Mg)3 SisO22(OH)2].
- amphiboles both contain both magnesium and iron in their crystal structure.
- This asbestos waste can be of "native" or “heterogeneous” compositions.
- “native” asbestos waste means “homogeneous” waste containing pure asbestos, i.e. the pure mineral that does not include any additional material in its structure. “Homogeneous” asbestos waste contains crystallized natural asbestos fibres.
- heterogeneous asbestos waste means waste containing asbestos and other compounds, such as metals, gypsum, carbonates, in particular calcium carbonates present in particular in cement.
- gypsum compounds, such as metals, gypsum, carbonates, in particular calcium carbonates present in particular in cement.
- flocking materials that are particularly friable and dangerous, asbestos is mixed with gypsum.
- the product containing asbestos is chosen from the group comprising waste from flocking or insulation or fiber cement waste.
- the product comprising the asbestos can be a homogeneous asbestos waste or a heterogeneous asbestos waste. More particularly, the asbestos waste can be flocking waste, vinyl tiles, fiber cement mainly containing chrysotile and possibly containing amphiboles.
- the product containing asbestos treated by the method described here is a waste containing asbestos preferably chosen from the group consisting of waste from flocking or thermal insulation or fiber cement, having a composition homogeneous or heterogeneous.
- solid weathered waste can subsequently be used as a base material for the manufacture of zeolite.
- liquid altered waste can be recovered in particular by recovering the iron and/or magnesium.
- solid altered waste means asbestos waste whose crystalline structure is modified and destructured because it is depleted or free of iron and/or magnesium following total or partial extraction by bringing the ground product into contact asbestos, preferably asbestos waste with whey seeded with lactic acid bacteria.
- liquid altered waste is understood to mean the liquid phase comprising the whey, obtained after step b) of incubation in which the iron and/or magnesium which have been extracted from the asbestos waste is found.
- the altered waste obtained will contain a lower quantity of asbestos fiber, or even zero, compared to the quantity initially present in the asbestos waste before the implementation of this process.
- the alteration of the product containing asbestos and preferably of the waste containing asbestos is obtained thanks to the grinding of the latter and to the incubation of the ground product with whey inoculated by lactic acid bacteria.
- grinding refers to a mechanical treatment capable of transmitting mechanical energy to the shredded product containing asbestos.
- the grinding in step a) of the process could be carried out in any type of grinder having the dimensions and the mechanical characteristics allowing the product containing asbestos to be ground in complete safety by reducing the length of the fibers increasing the surface specific.
- the grinding is carried out in a planetary ball mill (FRITSCH PULVERISETTE 6) or in a Retsch PM100 planetary mill.
- the mill is a Retsch PM100 planetary mill.
- the grinding in step a) of the process is carried out in a planetary grinder which grinds the product containing asbestos for 10 minutes at 500 rpm.
- a person skilled in the art is capable of adapting the grinding time and speed according to the type of product containing ground asbestos, its size and its other physical characteristics.
- the grinding preferably takes place in a liquid medium in order to prevent the dissemination of asbestos fibers and dust.
- Any liquid medium which is suitable for this use can be used.
- this liquid medium can be water or a liquid waste from the agri-food industry allowing the growth of lactic acid bacteria, such as sauerkraut juice or whey.
- the liquid medium is whey.
- the grinding in step a) is carried out in a liquid medium, preferably in whey.
- Whey (or also called “whey”) is understood here to mean the residual liquid part of the coagulation of the milk. Whey is a greenish-yellow liquid, composed of approximately 94% water, sugar (lactose), protein and very little fat. At the beginning of the processing of milk for the manufacture of cheese, it is coagulated by adding rennet or by the acidifying action of lactic acid bacteria or by chemical acidification. This results in an aggregation of the milk casein micelles, which gives a gel (or curd or coagulum). A watery liquid, called “whey” or "whey”, separates from the curd.
- This curdling step consists of separating the total dairy proteins into two protein phases: the aqueous phase containing the serum or water-soluble milk proteins (B-lactoglobulin, ⁇ -lactalbumin, serum albumin, lactoferrin, caseinomacropeptide) and the solid phase in which was retained the hydrophobic casein (a-casein, B-casein, para-K-casein).
- the whey used in the process described here is an acid whey having a pH generally between 3.5 and 4.5. In particular, the inventors used whey supplied by the company Alsace Lait.
- lactic acid bacteria refers to unicellular prokaryotic, heterotrophic and chemo-organotrophic microorganisms. Lactic acid bacteria tolerate acid pH and have a strict anaerobic or aerotolerant metabolism. Lactic acid bacteria as understood here possess a fermentative metabolism. In particular, they produce lactic acid as the main product of metabolism by fermenting sugars (glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, sucrose and lactose) in homofermentative bacteria, in addition to ethanol and CO2 in heterofermentative bacteria.
- lactic acid bacteria in particular means bacteria of the families Aerococcaceae, Carnobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Streptoccaceae, Enterococcaceae, Leuconostocaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae.
- lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium are used herein, which are indigenous lactic acid bacteria found in the human digestive tract. More preferably, the lactic acid bacteria used in the present method belong to the genera Lactobacillus, Pediococcus or Lactococcus.
- these bacteria belong to the genera Lactobacillus or Pediococcus.
- the lactic acid bacteria used in the present process are Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus plantarum.
- Lactobacillus plantarum subsp argentoratensis Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus sakei subsp sakei 484, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus fermentum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus parvulus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus casei and L paracasei subsp paracasei.
- the lactic acid bacteria used in the present method are bacteria with a fermentative metabolism, in particular lactobacilli of lactococci or Pediococcus, preferably chosen from Lactobacillus brevis, Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus parvulus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum.
- lactobacilli of lactococci or Pediococcus preferably chosen from Lactobacillus brevis, Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus parvulus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum.
- the method described here may comprise, prior to step b), a step of inoculating (or inoculating) the whey with lactic acid bacteria.
- This seeding step (inoculation) can be carried out before, in parallel with or after step a) of grinding the product comprising asbestos.
- the seeding (or inoculation) step is carried out by culturing lactic acid bacteria in a culture medium suitable for bacterial growth, in particular a culture medium which promotes the growth of lactic acid bacteria.
- a culture medium suitable for bacterial growth, in particular a culture medium which promotes the growth of lactic acid bacteria.
- the culture medium is chosen from an MRS medium (Agar of Man, Rogosa, Sharpe), a rich medium of the LB type (Luria Broth), a minimal medium (MOPS) supplemented or not with glucose or a medium consisting of whey.
- MRS medium Alignitridium, agar
- MOPS minimal medium
- the culture medium is an MRS medium (Man, Rogosa, Sharpe agar) or a medium consisting of whey.
- the culturing of the lactic acid bacteria in the culture medium is carried out for a period which may range from 20 to 30 hours, preferably from 22 to 28 hours, more preferably from 24 to 26 hours and even more preferably, this duration is 24 hours.
- the culture temperature of the lactic acid bacteria in the culture medium is a favorable temperature for bacterial growth.
- this temperature is between 20°C and 40°C, more preferably between 25°C and 37°C, more preferably between 30°C and 35°C and even more preferably, the cultivation temperature is 30°C.
- the culturing of the lactic acid bacteria is carried out in an MRS medium or a medium consisting of whey, for 24 to 26 hours, preferably, for 24 hours at a temperature between 30° C. and 35° C. ° C, preferably at 30° C.
- the culture medium may or may not be subjected to agitation.
- the culture medium is not subjected to agitation so that bacterial growth takes place in the absence of agitation.
- the bacterial culture is centrifuged for a period ranging from 3 to 10 minutes, preferably from 5 to 7 minutes and more preferably for a period of 5 minutes.
- the centrifugation speed can be between 1000 and 20000 g, preferably between 5000 and 10000 g and more preferably between 8000 and 10000 g.
- the lactic acid bacteria are cultured in an MRS culture medium or a medium consisting of whey for 24 hours at 30° C. and the culture is then centrifuged for 5 minutes. After centrifugation, the pellet is washed, preferably in whey and resuspended in whey.
- the washing, preferably the washing in whey can be carried out at least once, preferably 2 to 10 times, more preferably 2 to 8 times and even more preferably 2 to 4 times.
- the concentration of lactic acid bacteria in the whey inoculated with these bacteria is then adjusted by diluting the bacterial culture in whey and the optical density (OD) of the bacteria at a wavelength of 600 nm (OD600) was measured.
- optical density at 600 nm refers to the measurement of bacterial growth by optical density at 600 nm. This measurement is based on the absorbance detection mode and essentially determines how much light passes through a sample of bacteria. Particles in solution scatter light and the more particles (bacteria) in a suspension, the more light they scatter. Therefore, a replicating population of bacteria increases light scatter and measured absorbance values. At the same time, this means that the absorbance mode is only exploited to determine the extent of light scattering instead of measuring the physical absorbance of light energy by absorbing molecules. Thus the light scattering and the OD600 value can be directly related to the number of bacteria.
- the optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of the lactic acid bacteria in the whey at the end of the seeding (inoculation) step is between 0.5 and 2, preferably between 1 and 1.5 and more preferably is 1.
- the whey thus seeded is brought into contact with the product containing asbestos.
- the contacting takes place in whey so as to obtain a mixture containing the whey inoculated with lactic acid bacteria, the whey and the ground product containing asbestos.
- the ratio between the whey inoculated with lactic acid bacteria and the whey can be between 1 and 1000, preferably between 2 and 1000 and the amount of asbestos waste can be between 0.1% and 10% of the total quantity of said mixture, preferably between 1% and 8% of the total quantity of said mixture.
- one part of inoculated whey is mixed with nine parts of whey and 1% of the ground product containing asbestos.
- the concentration of lactic acid bacteria in the whey inoculated with lactic acid bacteria containing the ground product containing asbestos before the incubation in step b) is between 1x10 5 and 1x10 9 CFU/ml, preferably between 1x10 6 and 1x10 8 CFU/ml and more preferably is 1x10 8 CFU/ml.
- the optical density of the bacteria before step b) of incubation at OD600 is between 0.0001 and 1, preferably between 0.001 and 0.5, more preferably between 0.01 and 0.3, of even more preferably between 0.05 and 0.1 and is more preferably 0.1.
- step b) of the process described here The whey inoculated with lactic acid bacteria and comprising the ground product containing asbestos is then incubated in step b) of the process described here.
- the incubation in step b) is carried out for a period of 24 to 96 hours, preferably 30 to 80 hours and more preferably 72 hours.
- this incubation is carried out at a temperature between 20° C. and 40°C, preferably between 25°C and 37°C, more preferably between 30°C and 35°C and even more preferably the incubation temperature is 30°C.
- step b) of incubation is carried out for a period of 30 to 80 hours at a temperature between 30° C. and 35° C., preferably, step b) of incubation is carried out for 72 hours at 30°C.
- the incubation in step b) is carried out with stirring at a speed of between 10 and 600 rpm and preferably between 100 and 400 rpm.
- Step b) of incubation can be carried out in a bioreactor, preferably in a bioreactor of the Global Process Concept, Laval Lab or ⁇ D Biotec type.
- the present inventors have demonstrated that the products of the metabolism of lactic acid bacteria make it possible to reduce and stabilize the pH of whey which is increased following the dissolution of magnesium oxides during the alteration of asbestos, which decreases the alteration. Consequently, maintaining a strongly acidic pH during incubation step b) makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the alteration of asbestos in the product containing it.
- the pH of the whey containing the lactic bacteria and the ground product containing asbestos in step b) is between 2.5 and 4.5, preferably between 3 and 4 , more particularly between 3.7 and 4 and even more preferably, the pH is 3.7.
- the concentration of the bacteria is at least 1 ⁇ 10 9 CFU/ml.
- Step b) incubation can be repeated in order to improve the asbestos weathering efficiency.
- step b) is repeated at least once, at least twice, at least three times, at least four times, at least five times, at least six times, at least seven times, at least eight times, at least nine times, at least ten times, more preferably the incubation step b) is repeated between 2 and 10 times, and more preferably between 4 to 6 times.
- this whey includes lactic acid bacteria in a higher concentration of bacteria than that in the whey before incubation, dissolved iron and magnesium due to asbestos weathering and may also include traces of product containing asbestos not yet altered.
- This dilution is necessary because it prevents the saturation of the whey inoculated by lactic bacteria at the end of the incubation step b) and the reduction of its capacity to alter the asbestos not yet altered.
- This dilution aims in particular to reduce the concentration of lactic acid bacteria and thus avoid a lysis phase of the bacteria which will lead to the reduction of the products synthesized during bacterial metabolism, in particular organic acids, and from there, to the increased whey pH.
- Dilution before the new incubation step is carried out by gentle centrifugation for approximately 3 to 10 minutes, preferably for 5 minutes, of the whey obtained at the end of incubation step b).
- the purpose of this centrifugation is to separate the asbestos from the lactic acid bacteria and thus release them for a new growth cycle during the new incubation stage. After this centrifugation, part of the supernatant is recovered and whey is added to the remaining fraction.
- the step of separating the bacteria from the asbestos by centrifugation can be repeated at least once more, preferably between 1 and 4 times under the same centrifugation conditions. Each time, part of the supernatant is recovered and whey is added to the remaining fraction.
- the remaining fraction (containing whey, lactic acid bacteria and unaltered asbestos residues) and the recently added whey, is subjected to a new centrifugation step which lasts between 20 and 40 minutes, more preferably between 25 and 35 minutes and which lasts even more preferably 30 minutes.
- a new centrifugation step which lasts between 20 and 40 minutes, more preferably between 25 and 35 minutes and which lasts even more preferably 30 minutes.
- the supernatant is completely removed and whey is added to the pellet to obtain a mixture of whey seeded with lactic acid bacteria and unaltered asbestos residues ( Figure 2).
- the concentration of lactic acid bacteria in this mixture is the same as that described above for the bacteria in the whey inoculated with lactic acid bacteria comprising the ground product containing asbestos before being subjected to the first incubation at step b).
- step b) of the method is repeated at least once, preferably between 2 and 10 times, and more preferably between 4 and 6 times, said method also possibly comprising one or several stages of dilution of the whey containing lactic acid bacteria and the product containing ground asbestos.
- the process for treating the product comprising asbestos results in the reduction of iron and/or magnesium contained in the asbestos.
- This reduction consists in extracting at least part of the iron and/or magnesium which are present on the surface of the asbestos product or which are internalized in its crystalline structure.
- all of the iron and/or magnesium is extracted from said asbestos product.
- the amount of iron and / or magnesium in the product containing asbestos can be measured before the implementation of this process by different methods (ICP-AES, atomic absorption spectrometry) . This assay gives the "initial quantity" of iron and/or magnesium present in the asbestos product before the implementation of the process described here.
- the quantity of iron and/or magnesium possibly remaining in the product containing asbestos may be determined by determining the amount of iron and/or magnesium in the whey. This quantity is generally measured in the supernatant obtained after centrifugation of the whey at the end of incubation step b).
- the amounts of iron and/or magnesium can be measured after a single incubation step, after each incubation step if incubation step b) is repeated more than once or after two or more incubation steps successive.
- the concentration (amount) of iron and/or magnesium is measured in real time.
- "measure in real time” means that several measurements of the same sample are carried out during a predetermined period of time (measurement period) in order to provide a record of the evolution of the concentration as a function of time with temporal resolution.
- This measurement period can last from 20 min to 180 min, preferably from 20 min to 60 min and more preferably from 15 min to 40 min.
- each sample may be measured 20 to 200 times, more preferably 20 to 75 times, and more preferably 15 to 50 times.
- the method may further comprise a step c) of real-time metering of the concentration of iron and/or magnesium released by the product containing asbestos in the whey of the step b).
- the difference in the concentration of iron and / or magnesium measured before the implementation of the process and after step b) incubation will reflect the amount of iron / and or magnesium, reduced in the product containing asbestos during the implementation of the process.
- the process described in this application is a process for treating a product containing asbestos comprising the following steps: a) the grinding of the product containing asbestos, b) the incubation said ground product in step a) with whey inoculated with lactic acid bacteria, in which process:
- step a) the grinding in step a) is carried out in a liquid medium, preferably in whey;
- step b a step of seeding the whey with lactic acid bacteria is carried out;
- the concentration of lactic acid bacteria in the whey containing the ground product containing asbestos before the incubation in step b) is between 1x10 5 and 1x10 9 CFU/ml, preferably between 1x10 6 and 1x10 8 UFC/ml and more preferably, is 1 ⁇ 10 8 UFC/ml;
- the pH of the whey containing the lactic acid bacteria and the ground product containing asbestos in step b) is between 2.5 and 4.5, preferably between 3 and 4 and even more preferably, the pH is 3.7;
- step b) the incubation period in step b) is 24 to 96 hours, preferably 30 to 80 hours and more preferably 72 hours;
- step b) is repeated at least once, preferably between 2 and 10 times, and more preferably between 4 and 6 times, said method also possibly comprising one or more steps of diluting the whey containing lactic acid bacteria and shredded product containing asbestos;
- step c) of real-time metering of the concentration of iron and/or magnesium released by the ground product containing asbestos in the whey of step b) is carried out;
- the shredded product containing asbestos is waste containing asbestos chosen preferably from the group consisting of waste from flocking or thermal insulation or fiber cement, having a homogeneous or heterogeneous composition, and
- lactic acid bacteria are bacteria with fermentation metabolism, in particular lactobacilli, Pediococcus or lactococci, preferably chosen from the group comprising Lactobacillus brevis, Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus parvulus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum and more preferably Lactobacillus plantarum.
- the process described here makes it possible to transform asbestos waste, in particular by reducing the concentration of magnesium and/or iron contained in asbestos.
- an additional step of reducing the concentration of magnesium and/or iron contained in the asbestos can be added.
- Such a step is particularly advantageous in that it makes it possible to substantially increase the extraction of iron and/or magnesium contained in the asbestos.
- This additional step is preferably a bacterial biological treatment step, and more preferably, a step of treatment with bacteria producing siderophores, and even more preferably, a step of treatment with bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas.
- the method of the present invention comprises a step d) of contacting an altered waste still containing iron and/or magnesium after incubation with whey inoculated with lactic acid bacteria , with a siderophore-producing bacterium.
- the siderophore-producing bacterium is a bacterium from the fluorescent Pseudomonas group capable of producing siderophores preferably consisting of pyoverdin.
- the fluorescent Pseudomonas which produce siderophores, are mostly non-pathogenic, in particular they are chosen from: Pseudomonas uni, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas monteilii, Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas mosselii.
- the extraction of iron and/or magnesium is carried out by bringing said asbestos waste into contact with a strain of Pseudomonas putida.
- This strain is a strain of wild-type Pseudomonas putida (strain KT2440 described in Nelson, K.E., 2002) or a mutant that overproduces pyoverdin, such as for example a mutant deficient in the synthesis of the FUR regulator (Ferrie uptake regulator) (Lemare et al., 2022).
- strain KT2440 described in Nelson, K.E., 2002
- a mutant that overproduces pyoverdin such as for example a mutant deficient in the synthesis of the FUR regulator (Ferrie uptake regulator) (Lemare et al., 2022).
- step d) of the method is repeated at least once, preferably between 2 and 10 times, and more preferably between 4 and 8 times.
- FIG. 1 Diagram of the experimental protocol used for the preparation of the bacterial inoculum.
- FIG. 2 Diagram of the treatment of the sample including the lactic acid bacteria, the whey and the product containing asbestos, after a bacterial growth cycle of 72 hours.
- FIG. 3 Kinetics of iron and magnesium extraction from flocking waste for 96 h in the presence of whey with or without the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum. Error bars are standard errors on the mean of 3 replicates.
- FIG. 4 Extraction of iron and magnesium from flocking waste after 72-hour cycles in the presence of whey with the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum. Error bars are standard errors on the mean of 3 replicates.
- FIG. 5 Kinetics of iron and magnesium extraction from shredded fiber cement roof tile waste for 96 h in the presence of whey with or without the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum. Error bars are standard errors on the mean of 3 replicates.
- FIG. 6 Extraction of iron and magnesium from waste ground fiber cement roof tiles after 72-hour cycles in the presence of whey with the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum. Error bars are standard errors on the mean of 3 replicates.
- FIG. 7 Percentage of iron and magnesium extracted in waste from flocking (A) and fiber cement roof tiles (B) ground after 4 cycles of 72 h in the presence of whey incubated in the presence of Lactobacillus plantarum.
- FIG. 8 Mapping by transmission electron microscopy (MET-EDX) of chrysotile fibers present in untreated fiber cement waste (A) or altered after 4 cycles of 72 h in the presence of whey inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum (B). Mg/Si ratio of the different zones (entire zone and zones 1, 2 and 3 (chosen to allow a better representation of the sample analyzed) of the sample) of the map (C).
- MET-EDX transmission electron microscopy
- FIG. 9 Lactic bacteria growth curve (Lactobacillus pentosus (NCDO 363), Lactobacillus plantarum subsp argentoratensis (NCDO 365), Lactococcus lactis (DSM 16365 T ), Lactobacillus sakei subsp sakei 484 (ATCC 15521 ), Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 14917) , Lactobacillus paraplantarum (CIP 104452), Lactobacillus salivarius (DSM 20555), Lactobacillus casei b135 (ATCC 334), Lactobacillus fermentum (DSM-20052), Pediococcus pentosaceus (ATCC 25744)) in whey medium with stirring at 30°C
- FIG. 10 Growth curve of the 7 strains of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus brevis (ATCC 20054), Lactococcus lactis 99, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469), Pediococcus parvulus (ATCC19371), Lactobacillus paracasei (ATCC SD5275), Lactobacillus casei b69 (ATCC 393 ), Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei (CIP 103918)) in a whey medium with stirring at 30°C.
- lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus brevis (ATCC 20054), Lactococcus lactis 99, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469), Pediococcus parvulus (ATCC19371), Lactobacillus paracasei (ATCC SD5275), Lactobacillus casei b69 (ATCC 393 ), Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei (
- FIG. 11 Growth curve of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus pentosus (NCDO 363), Lactobacillus plantarum subsp argentoratensis (NCDO 365), Lactococcus lactis (DSM 16365 T ), Lactobacillus sakei subsp sakei 484 (ATCC 15521 ), Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 14917) , Lactobacillus paraplantarum (CIP 104452), Lactobacillus salivarius (DSM 20555), Lactobacillus casei b135 (ATCC 334), Lactobacillus fermentum (DSM-20052), Pediococcus pentosaceus (ATCC 25744)) in a whey medium under non-shaken conditions at 30° VS
- FIG. 12 Growth curve of 7 lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus brevis (ATCC 20054), Lactococcus lactis 99, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469), Pediococcus parvulus (ATCC19371), Lactobacillus paracasei (ATCC SD5275), Lactobacillus casei b69 (ATCC 393), Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei (CIP 103918)) in a whey medium in non-shaken condition at 30°C
- FIG. 13 Cumulative quantity of iron extracted from chrysotile-gypsum waste (CHR-Gy) during 6 cycles of 72 hours of treatment in the medium of whey inoculated with different lactic acid bacteria.
- the iron present in the supernatant is presented by the dotted histogram and the iron present in the pellet by the hatched histogram.
- FIG. 14 Cumulative quantity of magnesium extracted from chrysotile-gypsum waste (CHR-Gy) during 6 cycles of 72 hours of treatment in the medium of whey inoculated with different lactic bacteria. The supernatant is dotted and the pellet hatched.
- FIG. 15 Quantity of iron extracted from chrysotile-gypsum waste (CHR-Gy) in the presence of whey medium inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum (4 cycles of 72 hours) followed by treatment with Pseudomonas putida KT2440, or the pyoverdin overproducing mutant of Pseudomonas putida Dfur (5 cycles of 24 hours) or CA ⁇ medium without magnesium (Control).
- FIG. 16 Quantity of magnesium extracted from chrysotile-gypsum waste (CHR-Gy) in the presence of whey medium inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum (4 cycles of 72 hours) followed by treatment with Pseudomonas putida KT2440, or the pyoverdin overproducing mutant of Pseudomonas putida ur (5 cycles of 24 hours). or CA ⁇ medium without magnesium (Control).
- the asbestos waste was crushed (with the exception of the flocking waste) and sterilized.
- the grinding of the fiber cement samples was carried out for 10 min at 500 rpm in a Retsch PM 100 planetary ball mill (grinding carried out at the Charles Gerhardt Institute in Montpellier). Then, 0.2 g of asbestos sample: crushed fiber cement or flocking waste, is taken. The samples were subjected to autoclave treatment for 20 min at 121°C and then incubated for 14 days at 70°C in order to sterilize them.
- Lactobacillus plantarum lactic acid bacteria accession number in the National Collection of Microorganism Cultures (CNCM) No. ATCC 14917
- bovine whey provided free of charge by Alsace Lait
- the lactic acid bacteria were cultured in an MRS medium (Man, Rogosa, Sharpe agar) for 24 hours at 30° C. Then, the bacterial culture was centrifuged (5 min/9871 g) and washed twice. in 5 ml of whey. After washing, the pellet was resuspended in 10 ml of whey, then diluted 1/10 in whey to measure the optical density (OD) of the bacteria at a wavelength of 600 nm. After this measurement, the D0600 was adjusted to 1.
- MRS medium Man, Rogosa, Sharpe agar
- FIG. 1 schematizes the steps described above.
- This mixture is left to stand for 30 seconds before depositing it on a reading microplate.
- the reading is carried out at 500 nm in a Tecan Infinite M200 microplate reader.
- the pH of the samples containing lactic acid bacteria, asbestos waste and whey was measured after incubation for 72 hours in order to determine whether the bacterial metabolism makes it possible to maintain or even increase the acidity of the sample.
- the pH was measured with a phenomenal® IS 2100L pH meter.
- the inventors carried out several assays of the iron and magnesium concentrations by repeating the bacterial growth cycles approximately 4 times. At each growth cycle, a dosage of iron and magnesium was carried out and the pH of the sample was measured.
- the whey obtained at the end of the incubation step was centrifuged (30 min/9871 g). The entire supernatant is used for the determination of iron and magnesium, 40 ml of whey were added to the remaining pellet which is subjected to new incubation (growth cycle). Before starting the incubation step, the mixture was subjected to gentle centrifugation (5 min/67g) in order to separate the asbestos and the lactic acid bacteria and thus release them for a new growth cycle. After this centrifugation, 30 ml of the supernatant was collected and discarded, then 30 ml of the whey was added to the rest of the mixture. This step of separation of bacteria from asbestos was repeated once again under the same centrifugation conditions.
- the inventors followed the kinetics of alteration of asbestos waste in the presence of whey with Lactobacillus plantarum. For this, the same operational scheme as that presented in Figure 1 was continued to obtain a sample comprising a mixture of whey, bacteria inoculating the whey and asbestos waste.
- a second sample containing only whey and asbestos waste was also prepared.
- the optimum duration of whey extraction in the presence of L. plantarum is about 96 h.
- the inventors carried out four cycles of bacterial growth of 72 h with renewal of the whey, in order to allow the development of L. plantarum at each cycle.
- the results in Figure 4 show a high extraction of iron (9.22 to 1.17 mg/L) and magnesium (91 to 19 mg/L) which decreases from T72-1 to T72-4.
- the reduction in dissolution is progressive during the cycles of alteration in the presence of L. plantarum, linked to the acid and stable pH during the experiment, altering the asbestos fibers homogeneously and progressively.
- Table 1 below shows the pH measurements after each growth cycle of Lactobacillus plantarum in whey in the presence or absence of asbestos waste.
- the fibrocements were altered by whey in the presence of L. plantarum in order to verify whether the strong increase in pH could be compensated by the addition of this bacterium. This approach was therefore tested on samples of fiber cement roof tiles composed of chrysotile fibers and a cementitious matrix.
- the concentration of lactate and succinate is however higher in the presence of asbestos with differences depending on the type of waste.
- 199.8 mM of lactate and 1.11 mM of succinate are measured, while in the presence of fiber cement the concentrations are respectively 261.9 and 2.20 mM of lactate and succinate.
- the presence of asbestos therefore stimulates the production of organic acids by L. plantarum, but in different ways depending on the type of waste. This can be explained by the release of the magnesium present in this waste. Since a greater quantity of magnesium is released in the presence of fiber cement, the production of organic acids is therefore stimulated more significantly than in the presence of flocking waste.
- Treatment with the KT2440 WT strain made it possible to extract 1.7% of magnesium, while the overproduction mutant extracted 2 to 5% of magnesium from the waste already altered by the treatment with whey + L. plantarum.
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EP2428254A1 (fr) | 2010-07-30 | 2012-03-14 | Chemical Center S.r.l. | Procédé pour traiter un matériau contenant de l'amiante |
WO2015166359A1 (fr) | 2014-04-29 | 2015-11-05 | Lebsc S.R.L. | Procédé de dénaturation biochimique d'un matériau contenant de l'amiante |
WO2017037383A1 (fr) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-09 | Valmater | Procédé de réduction par voie biologique de la quantité de magnésium, ou de la quantité de magnésium et de fer d'un déchet d'amiante |
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EP2428254A1 (fr) | 2010-07-30 | 2012-03-14 | Chemical Center S.r.l. | Procédé pour traiter un matériau contenant de l'amiante |
EP2428254B1 (fr) | 2010-07-30 | 2013-03-27 | Chemical Center S.r.l. | Procédé pour traiter un matériau contenant de l'amiante |
WO2015166359A1 (fr) | 2014-04-29 | 2015-11-05 | Lebsc S.R.L. | Procédé de dénaturation biochimique d'un matériau contenant de l'amiante |
WO2017037383A1 (fr) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-09 | Valmater | Procédé de réduction par voie biologique de la quantité de magnésium, ou de la quantité de magnésium et de fer d'un déchet d'amiante |
Non-Patent Citations (9)
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DAMIEN, A: "Dunod", 2016, article "Guide du traitement des déchets - 7e éd.: Réglementation et choix des procédés" |
LEMARE, MPUJA, HDAVID, S.RMATHIEU, SIHIAWAKRIM, DGEOFFROY, V.ARIGOUIN, C: "Engineering siderophore production in Pseudomonas to improve asbestos weathering", MICROB BIOTECHNOL, vol. 15, no. 9, 2022, pages 2351 - 2363 |
NELSON, K.EWEINEL, CPAULSEN, I.TDODSON, R.JHILBERT, HMARTINS DOS SANTOS, V.AFOUTS, D.EGILL, S.RPOP, MHOLMES, M: "Complété genome sequence and comparative analysis of the metabolically versatile Pseudomonas putida KT2440", ENVIRON. MICROBIOL, vol. 4, 2002, pages 799 - 808, XP002968819, DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2002.00366.x |
SPASIANO, DLUONGO, VPETRELLA, AALFÈ, MPIROZZI, FFRATINO, UPICCINNI, A.F: "Preliminary study on the adoption of dark fermentation as pretreatment for a sustainable hydrothermal denaturation of cement-asbestos composites", J CLEAN PROD, vol. 166, 2017, pages 172 - 180, XP085197399, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.029 |
STANIK ET AL.: "Destruction of the chrysotile asbestos structure with a population of bacteria Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum", FEB, vol. 15, no. 7, 2006, pages 2006, XP008134671 |
STANIK INGA ADAMINA ET AL: "Destruction of the chrysotile asbestos structure with a population of the bacteria Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum", FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN, FREISING-WEIHENSTEPHAN, DE, vol. 15, no. 7, 1 January 2006 (2006-01-01), pages 640 - 643, XP008134671, ISSN: 1018-4619 * |
WEBER, K.AACHENBACH, L.ACOATES, J.D: "Microorganisms pumping iron: anaerobic microbial iron oxidation and réduction", NAT REV MICROBIOL, vol. 4, 2006, pages 752, XP002690673, DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro1490 |
WERNER, A.JHOCHELLA, M.FGUTHRIE, G.DHARDY, J.AAUST, A.E.RIMSTIDT: "Asbestiform riebeckite (crocidolite) dissolution in the presence of Fe chelators: Implications for mineral-induced disease", AM MINERAI, vol. 80, 1995, pages 1093 - 1103 |
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