WO2023035294A1 - 一种仿生汗腺及仿生皮肤 - Google Patents

一种仿生汗腺及仿生皮肤 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023035294A1
WO2023035294A1 PCT/CN2021/118399 CN2021118399W WO2023035294A1 WO 2023035294 A1 WO2023035294 A1 WO 2023035294A1 CN 2021118399 W CN2021118399 W CN 2021118399W WO 2023035294 A1 WO2023035294 A1 WO 2023035294A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bionic
shell
sweat gland
skin
porous medium
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2021/118399
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
程广贵
陈思
屈健
徐琳
冯赵丹
陈晨
茹伟民
Original Assignee
江苏大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202111068605.0A external-priority patent/CN113983839B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202111069897.XA external-priority patent/CN113939148B/zh
Application filed by 江苏大学 filed Critical 江苏大学
Priority to GB2301629.8A priority Critical patent/GB2615655A/en
Priority to US17/914,392 priority patent/US20240009869A1/en
Publication of WO2023035294A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023035294A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J19/00—Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
    • B25J19/0054—Cooling means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of bionics or bionic skin, in particular to a bionic sweat gland and bionic skin.
  • Smart skin is an important research field of human-computer interaction and artificial intelligence, and smart skin also plays an important role in the field of medical and health.
  • the prior art discloses a multi-layer electronic skin.
  • the first layer of skin is composed of a first hydrogel and a plurality of first sensors.
  • the second layer of skin is constructed in a manner similar to that of the first layer of skin.
  • the outer part of the raised pressing plate and the outer part of the second flexible hemispherical raised pressing plate in the second layer of skin are opposite to each other.
  • the upper and lower layers of skin are in contact with each other through the flexible hemispherical raised pressure plate, the contact area is very small, and can respond quickly when receiving external stimuli, so the electronic skin provided by this solution has high sensitivity.
  • the high temperature environment will affect the performance and service life of electronic components and equipment.
  • the traditional convective heat transfer method and forced air cooling method relying on single-phase fluid have been difficult to meet the heat dissipation requirements of many electronic devices.
  • bionic sweat glands made by Lee et al. using nano-clay and temperature-sensitive hydrogel not only realized the function of cooling through water evaporation when the temperature was high, but also realized the function of preventing water evaporation when the temperature was low.
  • this biomimetic sweat gland with a microsurface structure still has shortcomings in terms of stability, implantability, and especially heat transfer efficiency.
  • the heat dissipation method of simply draining water and sweating is uncontrollable due to the change in the size of the opening due to different temperatures, so the stability of heat dissipation is uncontrollable.
  • the water supply is discharged once, and the water discharged during use cannot be collected and recycled. It will also change the surface state of the external palm, making the surface wet and slippery, which is not conducive to the process of grasping.
  • the present invention provides a bionic sweat gland and bionic skin, which can adapt to the effect of stretching and shearing forces on the surface of flexible materials such as electronic skins during use.
  • Some rely on the single-phase fluid convective heat exchange method and the hardware heat exchange method of the forced air cooling method.
  • the heat exchange method with the flexible feature of the device itself of the present invention has better adaptability and more application occasions.
  • the present invention achieves the above-mentioned technical purpose through the following technical means.
  • a bionic sweat gland characterized in that it includes a shell and a porous medium
  • the inside of the shell is provided with a heat dissipation pipe, and the heat dissipation pipe is filled with a porous medium, and the pores formed by the porous medium in the heat dissipation pipe gradually decrease along the evaporation flow direction; the gaps of the porous medium are filled with evaporating liquid; the shell is The water-permeable structure is used to absorb evaporative liquid from the environment; the top of the shell is provided with a number of through holes communicating with the heat dissipation pipes, which are used to discharge evaporative liquid to the outside.
  • the porous medium is hydrogel particles; the diameter of the hydrogel particles gradually decreases along the direction of evaporation flow; the pores formed by the porous medium are not larger than 40 microns.
  • the shell is in the shape of a water drop, the bottom of the water drop-shaped shell is spherical, and the top of the shell is gradually tapered along the direction of the evaporation flow.
  • the outer shell is a double-layer water-permeable structure
  • the outer shell includes a water-permeable inner layer and a water-permeable outer layer
  • the water-permeable inner layer and the water-permeable outer layer are both grid structures
  • the grid pores of the water-permeable inner layer are smaller than those of the porous medium The minimum diameter
  • the grid pores of the water-permeable outer layer are larger than the grid pores of the water-permeable inner layer, and the grids of the water-permeable inner layer and the grids of the water-permeable outer layer are distributed alternately.
  • a filter screen is provided between the heat dissipation pipe and the through hole on the top of the shell.
  • it also includes an end cover, an end cover is installed on the top of the housing, a number of micro heat pipes are distributed inside the end cover, one end of the micro heat pipes communicates with the through hole on the top of the housing, and the other end of the micro heat pipes communicates with the outside.
  • end cover is flat oval, and several micro heat pipes are distributed in the end cover according to Murray's law.
  • a bionic skin wherein the bionic sweat glands are implanted in the bionic skin.
  • the bionic skin wraps the shell and the through hole at the top of the shell is located outside the bionic skin; the bionic skin is provided with a main pipe for replenishing evaporation liquid inside the bionic skin in the vicinity of the bionic sweat gland; The shell draws evaporated fluid from the bionic skin interior.
  • the outer casing of the bionic sweat gland communicates with the nearby main pipeline through a thin tube for adding liquid.
  • a biomimetic sweat gland comprising an end cap, a microheat pipe, a return pipe and a housing,
  • the end cover and the shell are sealed and connected through a seam;
  • the center of the end cover is provided with a liquid inlet chamber, and a number of micro heat pipes are distributed inside the end cover, and one end of any of the micro heat pipes is connected to the liquid inlet chamber;
  • the inside of the housing is provided with a heat dissipation pipe communicating with the liquid inlet chamber, the heat dissipation pipe is filled with porous media, and the pores formed by the porous media in the heat dissipation pipe gradually decrease along the evaporation flow direction; the gaps of the porous media are filled with evaporation liquid; the other end of the micro heat pipe communicates with the heat dissipation pipe through the return pipe.
  • the porous medium is hydrogel particles; the diameter of the hydrogel particles gradually decreases along the direction of evaporation flow; the pores formed by the porous medium are not larger than 40 microns.
  • end cover is flat oval, and several micro heat pipes are distributed in the end cover according to Murrary law.
  • a filter screen is provided between the heat dissipation pipe and the liquid inlet chamber.
  • the shell is in the shape of a water drop, the bottom of the water drop-shaped shell is spherical, and the top of the shell is gradually tapered along the direction of the evaporation flow.
  • the shell is in the shape of a cylinder or a cuboid.
  • the shell is a spiral structure or a coil structure.
  • a bionic skin wherein the bionic sweat glands are implanted in the bionic skin.
  • the bionic sweat glands are evenly distributed around the point heat source; when the heat source on the bionic skin is surface distribution, the bionic sweat gland array is evenly distributed on the surface heat source plane .
  • the shell of the bionic sweat gland is glued or woven and fixed on the inside or surface of the bionic skin; the end cap is located outside the bionic skin.
  • the end cap has the effect of enlarging the heat dissipation area, adopts the recyclable method of evaporation and condensation, the end cap has the effect of enlarging the heat dissipation area, and the evaporation of the end cap is based on the evaporation principle of the micro heat pipe.
  • the condensed liquid is circulated in one direction and returned to the bottom heat absorption area through the shell.
  • the bionic sweat glands of the present invention are made of hydrogel materials through the shell and end caps, which can adapt to the stretching and shearing forces on the surface of flexible materials such as electronic skins during use.
  • the flexible heat exchange method of the device itself of the present invention has better adaptability and more application occasions.
  • the bionic sweat gland of the present invention is filled with porous media in the shell, and the pores formed by the inner porous media gradually decrease along the evaporation flow direction.
  • the porous media itself has wettability, and can effectively absorb the evaporating liquid, thereby achieving a solid-liquid balance. Change the fluidity of the internal fluid. Filling the interior with porous media can spontaneously transport the absorbed liquid along the direction from the evaporating end to the condensing end.
  • the bionic skin of the present invention can adopt a micro-dense arrangement with a large number of distributions per unit area, and the number of sweat glands per unit density at the heat dissipation source and its surroundings is more than that of the skin without heat source. Applied on the surface area of the receptor, as the area of smart skin used is larger, the corresponding number of sweat glands also increases. Compared with the traditional large single fixed area heat dissipation method, the high-density method with small structure and multiple quantities is adopted.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the bionic sweat gland described in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is the distribution diagram of Example 1 on the bionic skin.
  • Fig. 3 is the distribution diagram of Example 1 on the bionic skin with liquid-feeding capillaries.
  • Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of the bionic sweat gland described in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a distribution diagram of micro heat pipes according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a structural diagram of the bionic sweat gland described in Example 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 6 .
  • Fig. 8 is a structural diagram of the bionic sweat gland described in Example 4 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a structural diagram of the bionic sweat gland described in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a structural diagram of the bionic sweat gland described in Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a distribution diagram of the bionic sweat glands of the present invention on the bionic skin of the point heat source.
  • Fig. 12 is a distribution diagram of the bionic sweat glands of the present invention on the bionic skin of the surface heat source.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of implanting bionic sweat glands into bionic skin according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of implanting bionic sweat glands into bionic skin according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of implanting bionic sweat glands into bionic skin according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of implanting bionic sweat glands into bionic skin according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • “plurality” means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • Fig. 1 is the bionic sweat gland described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, comprising shell 1 and porous medium 3;
  • the inside of described shell 1 is provided with heat-dissipating pipeline, and porous medium 6 is filled in described heat-dissipating pipeline, and the porous medium in described heat-dissipating pipeline
  • the pores formed by 3 gradually decrease along the evaporation flow direction; the gaps of the porous medium 3 are filled with evaporative liquid;
  • the shell 1 is a water-permeable structure for absorbing evaporative liquid from the environment;
  • the shell 1 is a kind of With a drop-shaped structure, the slender and narrow area on the upper part of the shell 1 is called the condensation end, and the enlarged area on the lower part of the shell 1 is called the evaporation end.
  • the shell 1 expands gradually to have more thermal contact area and fully absorb heat.
  • the temperature difference between the inside of the simulated sweat gland itself and the air is cold, and the internal gas expands at high temperature, creating a pressure difference with the external environment.
  • the outlet can speed up the completion of heat exchange.
  • the shell 1 is a double-layer water-permeable structure, the shell 1 includes a water-permeable inner layer 8 and a water-permeable outer layer 9, and the water-permeable inner layer 8 and the water-permeable outer layer 9 are grid structures; the mesh of the water-permeable inner layer 8 The grid pores are smaller than the minimum diameter of the porous medium 3, which is used to prevent the porous medium 3 from exposing the simulated sweat glands, and also play a role in filtering; the grid pores of the water-permeable outer layer 9 are larger than the grid pores of the water-permeable inner layer 8, and are water-permeable The grids of the inner layer 8 and the grids of the water-permeable outer layer 9 are interlaced with each other.
  • the top of the casing 1 is provided with a plurality of through holes communicating with the heat dissipation pipes for discharging evaporative liquid to the outside.
  • the heat dissipation pipe is filled with porous medium 3, and the pores formed by the porous medium 3 in the heat dissipation pipe gradually decrease along the evaporation flow direction; the gaps of the porous medium 3 are filled with evaporative liquid; the bottom of the expanded area of the lower part of the shell 1 is a heat dissipation pipe bottom.
  • the porous medium 3 can be hydrogel particles; the diameter of the hydrogel particles gradually decreases along the direction of evaporation flow; the pores formed by the porous medium 3 are not larger than 40 microns.
  • the porous medium itself has wettability, which can effectively absorb the evaporating liquid, so as to achieve a solid-liquid balance and change the fluidity of the internal liquid. Filling the heat dissipation pipe with the porous medium 3 can spontaneously transport the absorbed liquid along the direction from the evaporating end to the condensing end, and transfer the evaporating liquid to the through hole at the top of the shell 1 .
  • the outer casing structure of the present invention has water permeability, and the evaporation of the porous medium 3 and the opening of the outer casing 1 itself enables the device to have a better adsorption effect on the evaporating liquid and has a stronger adsorption force, allowing the evaporating liquid to enter the device from the outside.
  • the material of the shell 1 is hydrogel, and the hydrogel itself changes shape with the tension of the surface to adapt to the flexible state of the elastic soft skin.
  • the shell 1 is a double-layer water-permeable structure that can replenish evaporative liquid in the case of a lot of liquid in the external environment.
  • the internal porous medium 3 can spontaneously transport the absorbed liquid along the direction from the evaporating end to the condensing end, transfer the liquid to the top filter located near the elongated port on the upper part of the outer shell, and then complete the heat exchange in the form of steam.
  • a filter screen 2 is provided between the heat dissipation pipe and the through hole at the top of the casing 1 .
  • the shell 1 of Example 1 provides protection and planting convenience
  • the water permeability at the bottom of the evaporation end of the shell 1 can spontaneously absorb evaporating liquid from the surrounding multi-liquid environment;
  • the heat dissipation pipe is filled with porous media 3 to provide
  • the power of the internal evaporative liquid circulation is improved; the temperature difference caused by the internal temperature being higher than the external air temperature causes the internal pressure of the simulated sweat gland to be higher than the external pressure, speeding up the completion of gas-liquid exchange, and the whole process of heat exchange can be completed spontaneously.
  • a bionic skin in which the bionic sweat gland described in Embodiment 1 is implanted, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the working method of the bionic sweat gland is an open heat exchange, and the evaporative liquid is directly discharged out of the body as a heat exchange medium, and cannot be circulated.
  • the shell 1 of the bionic sweat gland is in contact with the bionic skin 7 , the shell 1 is planted inside the bionic skin 7 , the bionic skin 7 completely wraps the evaporation end of the shell 1 , and the through hole at the top of the shell 1 is located outside the bionic skin 7 .
  • the shell 1 is similar in structure to the bionic skin 7, which can effectively exchange liquid, and absorb evaporative liquid to the peripheral fluid-rich area to supplement the bionic sweat glands.
  • the bionic skin 7 is provided with a main pipe 6 for replenishing evaporative liquid inside the bionic skin 7 near the bionic sweat glands; the shell 1 absorbs evaporative liquid from the bionic skin 7 .
  • the main pipeline 6 is a liquid replenishment pipeline for the bionic skin 7, and the evaporating liquid flows through the main pipeline 6 and diffuses into the bionic skin 7 to replenish the evaporating liquid lost by the bionic skin 7 due to evaporation.
  • the porous medium 3 of the bionic sweat gland absorbs the evaporating liquid component of the hydrogel through the shell 1, transports it along the direction from the evaporating end to the condensing end, and discharges it into the air through the filter.
  • the bionic skin 7 has a relatively large area.
  • one main pipeline 6 can supply the liquid required by multiple bionic sweat glands, so that the bionic skin within a certain range along the main pipeline 6 can maintain Soft and watery properties. Therefore, the use of bionic skin 7 with a larger area usually uses multiple main pipes 6 to continuously supply liquid to supplement the evaporated liquid during the discharge process of bionic sweat glands.
  • a capillary for adding liquid 5 is added, and the shell 1 of the bionic sweat gland passes through the capillary for adding liquid.
  • the pipe 5 communicates with a nearby main pipe 6 . Continuously pressurize the liquid in the main pipeline 6 to accelerate the speed of the liquid entering the porous medium area and increase the pressure difference between the bottom of the device and the external air.
  • the pressurized liquid can directly flow through the shell 1 through the thin tube 5 Inside, the working path can be walked faster, and the coolant is filtered and refined through the filter to complete the heat dissipation process.
  • Figure 4 is the bionic sweat gland described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • it also includes an end cap 4, the top of the housing 1 is equipped with an end cap 4, and a number of micro heat pipes are distributed inside the end cap 4.
  • One end of the micro heat pipe 2 communicates with the through hole on the top of the shell 1; the other end of the micro heat pipe 2 communicates with the outside world.
  • the purpose of the end cover 4 is to increase the channel distance of the condensing end to better utilize the evaporative heat dissipation process to take away more heat, thereby improving the utilization rate of heat dissipation.
  • the end cover 4 is a flat oval structure as the heat dissipation end of the sweat gland device, and the flat and wide structure is beneficial to increase the heat dissipation area.
  • the center of the end cover 4 is matched with the top of the housing 1, and a number of micro heat pipes 2 are distributed inside the end cover 1, and one end of the micro heat pipes 2 communicates with the through hole on the top of the housing 1; 1 is distributed according to Murray's law, as shown in Figure 5.
  • Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are bionic sweat glands described in embodiment 3 of the present invention, comprise casing 1, filter screen 2, porous medium 3, end cap 4, return pipe 12, micro heat pipe 13 and liquid inlet chamber 14, described casing 1 and the end cover 4 are sealed and connected through a seam;
  • the end cover 4 is a flat oval structure for the heat dissipation end of the sweat gland device, and the flat and wide structure is conducive to increasing the heat dissipation area.
  • the center of the end cover 4 is provided with a liquid inlet chamber 14, and a number of micro heat pipes 13 are distributed inside the end cover 4, and one end of any of the micro heat pipes 13 communicates with the liquid inlet chamber; Murrary Murray's law distribution, as shown in Figure 5.
  • the top of the end cover 4 is arc-shaped from the middle high to both sides, and a deep hole is arranged in the middle of the end cover 4.
  • the deep hole is the liquid inlet chamber 14, and there are several small holes in the liquid inlet chamber 14 for microscopic holes.
  • the inlet of the heat pipe 13, the end cover 4 and the shell 1 are positioned by evenly distributed cylindrical pins, which can prevent the end cover 4 and the shell 1 from rotating.
  • the shell 1 is a drop-like structure that gradually expands from top to bottom, and the shell 1 gradually expands to have more thermal contact area and fully absorb heat.
  • the inside of the housing 1 is provided with a heat dissipation pipe communicating with the liquid inlet chamber 14, and the heat dissipation pipe is filled with a porous medium 3, and the pores formed by the porous medium 3 in the heat dissipation pipe gradually decrease along the evaporation flow direction; the porous medium 3
  • the gap is filled with evaporating liquid; the other end of the micro heat pipe 13 communicates with the bottom of the heat dissipation pipe through the return pipe 12.
  • the surface connecting the shell 1 and the end cover 4 is set as the upper side, and the bottom of the enlarged lower part of the shell 1 is the bottom of the heat dissipation pipe.
  • the porous medium 3 can be hydrogel particles; the diameter of the hydrogel particles gradually decreases along the direction of evaporation flow; the pores formed by the porous medium 3 are not larger than 40 microns.
  • the porous medium itself has wettability, which can effectively absorb the evaporating liquid, so as to achieve a solid-liquid balance and change the fluidity of the internal liquid.
  • the shell 1 is made of hydrogel or the like.
  • the shell 1 and the end cover 4 are connected in a sealed manner, so there is no gap and no leakage during use. In the sealed state, volatile evaporative liquid is added inside the sweat gland, and evaporates to the upper end cover of the condensation section after absorbing heat through the porous medium.
  • Fig. 8 is a bionic sweat gland according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention, and the shell 1 is in the shape of a cylinder or a cuboid.
  • the shell 1 has a simple geometric structure, the purpose is to facilitate the bionic sweat glands to be planted in the bionic skin 7, and other features are the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • Fig. 9 shows the bionic sweat gland described in Example 5 of the present invention.
  • the shell 1 can also adopt a twisted tubular polymeric structure.
  • the twisted tubular polymeric structure increases the surface area of the evaporation end, and the evaporation end is fully in contact with the external bionic skin 7, effectively The heat absorption can speed up the heat exchange, thereby improving the cooling efficiency.
  • the bionic sweat gland can be designed as the physiological and anatomical structure of the sweat gland, and other features are the same as in embodiment 3.
  • Fig. 10 shows the bionic sweat gland described in Example 6 of the present invention.
  • the shell 1 adopts a spiral structure from top to bottom.
  • the shell 1 with the spiral structure increases the surface area of the evaporation end, and the evaporation end is fully in contact with the external bionic skin 7. Thereby improving heat dissipation efficiency.
  • Other features are the same as in Embodiment 5.
  • the bionic sweat glands with flexible characteristics are implanted in the bionic skin.
  • the heat source of the bionic skin 7 will also be unevenly distributed. Therefore, the arrangement and distribution of sweat glands in the skin needs to follow certain rules.
  • the distribution of heat sources can be divided into point heat sources and surface heat sources. .
  • the heat source on the bionic skin is a point distribution
  • the bionic sweat glands are evenly distributed around the point heat source; the bionic sweat glands are distributed under the point heat source, and the bionic sweat glands form a circle from near to far around the point heat source Distribution
  • the distribution density is adjusted according to the distance from the heat source. The farther the distance from the bionic sweat gland is to the point heat source, the sparser the density of the sweat gland device will be.
  • the bionic sweat gland array is evenly distributed on the plane of the surface heat source.
  • the distribution of bionic sweat glands under the surface heat source simulates the distribution of sweat glands in local skin tissue.
  • the present invention proposes to distribute them above the surface heat source in a matrix arrangement.
  • the arrangement and distribution of the matrix can make multiple sweat gland devices evenly heated and disperse heat to each Sweat gland device thus increases heat dissipation efficiency.
  • Embodiment 7 is an installation method of the bionic sweat gland in the bionic skin 7 according to the present invention, and the bionic sweat gland is installed inside the bionic skin 7 or on the surface of the bionic skin by bonding.
  • the surface of the bionic skin 7 is smeared with adhesive substances 11 such as nanoclay and hydrogel, so that the bottom of the bionic sweat gland adheres to the surface of the bionic skin.
  • adhesive substances 11 such as nanoclay and hydrogel
  • embodiment 8 is an installation method of the bionic sweat gland in the bionic skin 8 according to the present invention.
  • the pores of the bionic skin 7 are narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.
  • the pore itself is based on the bionic skin, and the pore itself has a certain degree of softness.
  • the diameter of the pore opening is smaller than the enlarged evaporation end of the sweat gland device, so that the sweat gland device will not fall off after being implanted in the pore.
  • the diameter below the pores is slightly smaller than that of the sweat glands, so that after the sweat glands are inserted into the pores, a corresponding internal force will be generated inside the pores to fix the sweat glands.
  • Embodiment 9 is an installation method of the bionic sweat gland in the bionic skin 7 according to the present invention, the shell 1 of the bionic sweat gland is woven and fixed inside the bionic skin 7; Bionic Skin 7 Exterior. Weaving fixation adopts the processing technology of textile science, and weaves bionic sweat glands on the surface layer of bionic skin 7 .
  • the specific method is to first process the corresponding pores on the surface of the bionic skin 7, put the sweat gland device in, weave a layer of grid pattern on the skin surface to fix the sweat gland device in the hole, the diameter of the hole is slightly wider than the sweat gland device, and the bionic sweat gland After being placed in the pores, the upper part of the shell and the thinner part below the end cap are cross-fixed via the braided material 10 to limit the degree of freedom of the sweat gland device.
  • Embodiment 10 is an installation method of the bionic sweat gland in the bionic skin 7 according to the present invention. According to the structural appearance of the bionic sweat gland itself, when the bionic sweat gland is placed on the surface of the bionic skin 7, the sweat gland After the enlarged bottom end touches the surface of the bionic skin 7 , its periphery is woven with a braided substance 10 , so that the bionic sweat glands are fixed on the bionic skin 7 in a position perpendicular to the surface of the bionic skin.

Abstract

一种仿生汗腺及仿生皮肤（7），仿生汗腺包括外壳（1）和多孔介质（3），外壳（1）内部设有散热管道，散热管道内填充多孔介质（3），散热管道内多孔介质（3）形成的孔隙沿蒸发流向逐渐减小，多孔介质（3）的间隙中填充蒸发液，外壳（1）为透水结构，用于从环境中吸取蒸发液，外壳（1）顶部设有若干与散热管道连通的通孔，用于向外界排放蒸发液。能够适应电子皮肤等柔性材料在使用过程中材料表面产生的拉伸剪切的力的作用效果，相比较依靠单相流体的对流换热方法和强制风冷方法的硬件型热交换方法，柔性特征的热交换方法有更好的适应性和更多的应用场合。

Description

一种仿生汗腺及仿生皮肤 技术领域
本发明涉及生物仿生学领域或者仿生皮肤领域，特别涉及一种仿生汗腺及仿生皮肤。
背景技术
人工皮肤(Artificial skin)主要有两大类，一种是合成皮肤(Synthetic skin)，一种是智能皮肤(Smart skin)。智能皮肤是人机交互和人工智能的重要研究领域，智能皮肤在医疗健康领域也有重要的作用。
现阶段，柔性传感器除电极外所有组件都是由柔性材料制造,由于皮肤的复杂性，很小的局部区域往往可以兼顾多种功能，尤其是实现感觉功能，感受冷、热、软、硬，所以近年来对电子皮肤的仿生思路是层叠皮肤，并在皮肤各层安装不同类型传感器。现有技术公开了一种复层式电子皮肤，第一层皮肤由第一水凝胶及多个第一传感器构成，第二层皮肤构成方式与第一层皮肤类似，且第一柔性半球状凸起压板的外部与第二层皮肤中的第二柔性半球状凸起压板的外部相互正对设置。上下层皮肤通过柔性半球状凸起压板相接触，接触面积很小，在受到外界刺激时，可以快速响应所以本方案提供的电子皮肤的灵敏度高。但是高温环境会影响电子元器件和设备的性能、使用寿命，传统的依靠单相流体的对流换热方法和强制风冷方法已经难以满足许多电子器件的散热要求。
Lee等利用纳米黏土和温敏水凝胶制作的仿生汗腺，不但实现了温度高时通过水蒸发冷却的功能，同时还实现了温度低时防止水蒸发的功能。但这种有着微表面结构的仿生汗腺仍然在稳定性、可植入、尤其是热传输效率方面仍存在缺陷。
康奈尔大学的Rob Shepherd及其研究团队研发了一种特殊材质的机器人手掌，该手掌能够以“分泌汗液”的方式，来控制机器内部的温度。但是这种以出汗为散热方式的仿生汗腺，本身具有一些缺陷，在汗液排出完成热交换的过程，会使外部壳体变得湿滑，降低人工汗腺应有的摩擦力，不利于抓握，可能会使手中的物体发生滑落，尽管更改上层的纹理可以在这方面有所缓解，但却会让表现变得褶皱。此外，目前这款机器人需要定期供水，以补充蒸发掉的水份。所以，以单纯排水出汗的散热方式因温度不同开口大小有变化而导致出水量大小不可控，所以散热的稳定性不可控。供水一次性排出，使用过程排出的水不可收集循环使用，还会改变外部手掌表面状态，使表面变得湿滑，不利于抓握的过程。
日本京都大学的研究人员在Kengoro机器人的冷却方式中，采用仿生汗腺的方式以开发更高效的冷却液输送系统。Kengoro内部配有铝制框架，框架上分布着类似海绵似的缝隙和 通道。这些通道可将水传送到机器人全身，并通过蒸发的形式实现热交换，以铝框架为基础的冷却系统就像人类那样出汗。测试显示，这种出汗技术比传统冷却方式的效果好2倍。这种微表面结构是刚性结构，置于机器人内部，不利于机器人全身安装皮肤覆盖、蒸发液体散到空气，同样是不可收集循环使用。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供了一种仿生汗腺及仿生皮肤，能够适应电子皮肤等柔性材料在使用过程中材料表面产生的拉伸，剪切的力的作用效果，相比较已有的依靠单相流体的对流换热方法和强制风冷方法的硬件型热交换方法，本发明装置本身的柔性特征的热交换方法有更好的适应性和更多的应用场合。
本发明是通过以下技术手段实现上述技术目的的。
一种仿生汗腺，其特征在于，包括外壳和多孔介质；
所述外壳内部设有散热管道，所述散热管道内填充多孔介质，所述散热管道内多孔介质形成的孔隙沿蒸发流向逐渐减小；所述多孔介质的间隙中填充蒸发液；所述外壳为透水结构，用于从环境中吸取蒸发液；所述外壳顶部设有若干与散热管道连通的通孔，用于向外界排放蒸发液。
进一步，所述多孔介质为水凝胶颗粒；所述水凝胶颗粒的直径沿蒸发流向逐渐减小；所述多孔介质形成的孔隙不大于40微米。
进一步，所述外壳呈水滴状，水滴状所述外壳底部呈球形，所述外壳顶部沿蒸发流向逐渐渐缩。
进一步，所述外壳为双层透水结构，所述外壳包括透水内层和透水外层，所述透水内层和透水外层均为网格结构；所述透水内层的网格孔隙小于多孔介质的最小直径；所述透水外层的网格孔隙大于透水内层的网格孔隙，且透水内层的网格和透水外层的网格相互交错分布。
进一步，所述散热管道与外壳顶部通孔之间设有滤网。
进一步，还包括端盖，所述外壳顶部安装端盖，所述端盖内部分布若干微热管，所述微热管一端与外壳顶部的通孔连通；所述微热管另一端与外界连通。
进一步，所述端盖为扁平的椭圆形，若干所述微热管在端盖内呈murray定律分布。
一种仿生皮肤，所述仿生皮肤内植入所述的仿生汗腺。
进一步，所述仿生皮肤包裹所述外壳且所述外壳顶部的通孔位于仿生皮肤外部；所述仿生皮肤内设有主管道，用于给仿生汗腺附近区域的仿生皮肤内部补充蒸发液；所述外壳从仿生皮肤内部中吸取蒸发液。
进一步，所述仿生汗腺的外壳通过加液细管与附近的主管道连通。
一种仿生汗腺，包括端盖、微热管、回流管和外壳，
所述端盖与外壳通过止口密封连接；所述端盖中心设有进液腔，所述端盖内部分布若干微热管，任意所述微热管一端与进液腔连通；
所述外壳内部设有与进液腔连通的散热管道，所述散热管道内填充多孔介质，所述散热管道内多孔介质形成的孔隙沿蒸发流向逐渐减小；所述多孔介质的间隙中填充蒸发液；所述微热管另一端与散热管道通过回流管连通。
进一步，所述多孔介质为水凝胶颗粒；所述水凝胶颗粒的直径沿蒸发流向逐渐减小；所述多孔介质形成的孔隙不大于40微米。
进一步，所述端盖为扁平的椭圆形，若干所述微热管在端盖内呈murrary定律分布。
进一步，所述散热管道与进液腔之间设有滤网。
进一步，所述外壳呈水滴状，水滴状所述外壳底部呈球形，所述外壳顶部沿蒸发流向逐渐渐缩。
进一步，所述外壳呈圆柱体或长方体。
进一步，所述外壳为螺旋结构或盘管结构。
一种仿生皮肤，所述仿生皮肤内植入所述的仿生汗腺。
进一步，当所述仿生皮肤上的热源为点分布时，所述仿生汗腺均布在点热源周边；当所述仿生皮肤上的热源为面分布时，所述仿生汗腺阵列均布在面热源平面。
进一步，所述仿生汗腺的外壳粘接或编织固定在仿生皮肤的内部或表面；所述端盖位于仿生皮肤外部。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1.本发明所述的仿生汗腺，端盖起到放大散热面积的效果，采用蒸发回凝的可循环方式，端盖起到放大散热面积的效果，端盖的蒸发基于微热管的蒸发原理，使冷凝液体单方向循环，通过外壳回流到底部吸热区。
2.本发明所述的仿生汗腺，通过外壳和端盖采用水凝胶材料制成，能够适应电子皮肤等柔性材料在使用过程中材料表面产生的拉伸，剪切的力的作用效果，相比较已有的依靠单相流体的对流换热方法和强制风冷方法的硬件型热交换方法，本发明装置本身的柔性特征的热交换方法有更好的适应性和更多的应用场合。
3.本发明所述的仿生汗腺，通过外壳内填充多孔介质，内多孔介质形成的孔隙沿蒸发流向逐渐减小，多孔介质本身具有浸润性，可以有效吸合蒸发液，从而达到固液平衡，改变内部液体的流动性。内部填充多孔介质可以起到自发将吸收的液体沿蒸发端到冷凝端的方向运输。
4.本发明所述的仿生皮肤，可采用单位面积下多数量分布的微小密集排列方式，在散热源处及其周边汗腺单位密度数量较无热源处皮肤更多。应用在受体表面区域，随着使用的智 能皮肤面积越大，相应的汗腺数量也越多。采用结构小型的数量多个的高密度方式相比较传统的大型的单个的固定区域散热的方式。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1所述的仿生汗腺结构图。
图2为实施例1在仿生皮肤上的分布图。
图3为实施例1在具有加液细管的仿生皮肤上的分布图。
图4为本发明实施例2所述的仿生汗腺结构图。
图5为本发明所述的微热管分布图。
图6为本发明实施例3所述的仿生汗腺结构图。
图7为图6的剖视图。
图8为本发明实施例4所述的仿生汗腺结构图。
图9为本发明实施例5所述的仿生汗腺结构图。
图10为本发明实施例6所述的仿生汗腺结构图。
图11为本发明所述的仿生汗腺在点热源的仿生皮肤上的分布图。
图12为本发明所述的仿生汗腺在面热源的仿生皮肤上的分布图。
图13为本发明实施例7所述的仿生汗腺植入仿生皮肤的示意图。
图14为本发明实施例8所述的仿生汗腺植入仿生皮肤的示意图。
图15为本发明实施例9所述的仿生汗腺植入仿生皮肤的示意图。
图16为本发明实施例10所述的仿生汗腺植入仿生皮肤的示意图。
图中：
1-外壳；2-滤网；3-多孔介质；4-端盖；5-加液细管；6-主管道；7-仿生皮肤；8-透水内层；9-透水外层；10-编织物质；11-胶粘物质；12-回流管；13-微热管；14-进液腔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“轴向”、“径向”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指 示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
如图1为本发明实施例1所述的仿生汗腺，包括外壳1和多孔介质3；所述外壳1内部设有散热管道，所述散热管道内填充多孔介质6，所述散热管道内多孔介质3形成的孔隙沿蒸发流向逐渐减小；所述多孔介质3的间隙中填充蒸发液；所述外壳1为透水结构，用于从环境中吸取蒸发液；外壳1为至上到下逐渐膨大的类水滴形结构，外壳1上部细长狭窄的区域被称为冷凝端，外壳1下部膨大的区域称为蒸发端。外壳1逐渐膨大可以有更多的热接触面积，充分吸收热量。所述仿真汗腺自身内部和空气之间存在的温度差冷，内部气体在高温下膨胀，与外部环境产生压力差，凝端上部细长的结构本身可以使产生的内外压差放大，在冷凝端出口处可以加速热交换的完成。
所述外壳1为双层透水结构，所述外壳1包括透水内层8和透水外层9，所述透水内层8和透水外层9均为网格结构；所述透水内层8的网格孔隙小于多孔介质3的最小直径，用以阻挡多孔介质3外露出仿真汗腺，还起到过滤的作用；所述透水外层9的网格孔隙大于透水内层8的网格孔隙，且透水内层8的网格和透水外层9的网格相互交错分布。所述外壳1顶部设有若干与散热管道连通的通孔，用于向外界排放蒸发液。所述散热管道内填充多孔介质3，所述散热管道内多孔介质3形成的孔隙沿蒸发流向逐渐减小；所述多孔介质3的间隙中填充蒸发液；外壳1的下部膨大区域底部为散热管道底部。所述多孔介质3可为水凝胶颗粒；所述水凝胶颗粒的直径沿蒸发流向逐渐减小；所述多孔介质3形成的孔隙不大于40微米。多孔介质本身具有浸润性，可以有效吸合蒸发液，从而达到固液平衡，改变内部液体的流动性。所述散热管道内填充多孔介质3可以起到自发将吸收的液体沿蒸发端到冷凝端的方向运输，将蒸发液传递到外壳1顶部通孔处。本发明的外壳体结构具有透水性、多孔介质3和可外壳1开口的蒸发作用本身使装置对蒸发液具有较好的吸附作用，有较强的吸附力，让蒸发液从外部进入装置内部。外壳1材料为水凝胶，水凝胶本身随表面的张力而改变形态，适应弹性 柔软皮肤的柔性状态，外壳1为双层透水性结构可以为在外部环境多液的情况下补充蒸发液。内部采用多孔介质3可以起到自发将吸收的液体沿蒸发端到冷凝端的方向运输，将液体传递到位于外部壳体上部细长端口附近的顶部过滤网，然后以蒸汽的形式完成热交换。所述散热管道与外壳1顶部通孔之间设有滤网2。综上所述，实施例1的外壳1起到保护和种植便利性的前提下，外壳1蒸发端底部的透水性能够自发的从周边多液环境吸收蒸发液；散热管道内部填充多孔介质3提供了内部蒸发液循环动力；内部温度高于外部空气温度产生的温度差导致仿真汗腺内部压力高于外部压力，加快完成气液交换，可以自发的完成热交换全过程。
一种仿生皮肤，所述仿生皮肤内植入实施例1所述的仿生汗腺，如图2所示。仿生汗腺工作环境在仿生皮肤7中，仿生皮肤7的材料为水凝胶，契合人体皮肤柔软多水的状态。仿生汗腺的工作方式为开放式的热交换，蒸发液作为热交换介质直接排出体外，不可循环。仿生汗腺的外壳1与仿生皮肤7相接触，外壳1种植在仿生皮肤7内部，仿生皮肤7完全包裹外壳1的蒸发端部分，所述外壳1顶部的通孔位于仿生皮肤7外部。外壳1和仿生皮肤7结构类似，可以有效进行液体交换，向周边多液区域吸收蒸发液补充进仿生汗腺。所述仿生皮肤7内设有主管道6，用于给仿生汗腺附近区域的仿生皮肤7内部补充蒸发液；所述外壳1从仿生皮肤7内部中吸取蒸发液。主管道6为仿生皮肤7的液体补充管道，有蒸发液流过主管道6后扩散进仿生皮肤7内补充仿生皮肤7因蒸发而损失的蒸发液。仿生汗腺的多孔介质3经由外壳1吸取水凝胶的蒸发液成份，并将沿蒸发端到冷凝端的方向运输，通过滤网排放到空气中。仿生皮肤7具有较大的面积，在大面积的仿生皮肤中汗腺装置的模块化思路，一条主管道6可以供应多个仿生汗腺所需的液体，使沿主管道6一定范围内的仿生皮肤保持柔软多水的特性。因此，较大面积的仿生皮肤7的使用，通常采用多个主管道6来持续供液，补充仿生汗腺排放过程中的蒸发液。
如图3所述，为了提高汗腺热交换的效率，在仿生皮肤内植入实施例1所述的仿生汗腺的基础上增加了加液细管5，所述仿生汗腺的外壳1通过加液细管5与附近的主管道6连通。给主管道6里的液体持续加压，加快液体进入多孔介质区域的速度，提高装置底部与外部空气之间的压力差，加压后的液体可以直接经由加液细管5流经壳体1内部，可以更快的走过工作路径，经由滤网将冷却液过滤细化流出，完成散热过程。
如图4为本发明实施例2所述的仿生汗腺，在实施例1的基础上，还包括端盖4，所述外壳1顶部安装端盖4，所述端盖4内部分布若干微热管，所述微热管2一端与外壳1顶部的通孔连通；所述微热管2另一端与外界连通。端盖4的目的是通过增加冷凝端的通道距离，更好地利用蒸发散热过程带走更多的热量，从而提高散热利用率。所述端盖4为扁平的椭圆形结构为汗腺装置的散热端，扁平而宽大的结构有利于增大散热面积。所述端盖4中心与所 述外壳1顶部配合，所述端盖1内部分布若干微热管2，所述微热管2一端与外壳1顶部的通孔连通；若干所述微热管2在端盖1内呈murray默里定律分布，如图5所示。
如图6和图7为本发明实施例3所述的仿生汗腺，包括外壳1、滤网2、多孔介质3、端盖4、回流管12、微热管13和进液腔14，所述外壳1与端盖4通过止口密封连接；所述端盖4为扁平的椭圆形结构为汗腺装置的散热端，扁平而宽大的结构有利于增大散热面积。所述端盖4中心设有进液腔14，所述端盖4内部分布若干微热管13，任意所述微热管13一端与进液腔连通；若干所述微热管13在端盖4内呈murrary默里定律分布，如图5所示。所述端盖4上面为圆弧形自中间高向两边低，位于端盖4的中间设有深孔，所述深孔即为进液腔14，进液腔14内有若干小孔为微热管13进口，所述端盖4与外壳1通过均布的圆柱销定位，可以防止端盖4与外壳体1产生转动。
外壳1为至上到下逐渐膨大的类水滴形结构，外壳1逐渐膨大可以有更多的热接触面积，充分吸收热量。所述外壳1内部设有与进液腔14连通的散热管道，所述散热管道内填充多孔介质3，所述散热管道内多孔介质3形成的孔隙沿蒸发流向逐渐减小；所述多孔介质3的间隙中填充蒸发液；所述微热管13另一端与散热管道底部通过回流管12连通。所述外壳1与端盖4连接的面设为上面，外壳1的下部膨大区域底部为散热管道底部。蒸发液从微热管13流出后由回流管12流入到散热管道底部的多孔介质3。所述多孔介质3可为水凝胶颗粒；所述水凝胶颗粒的直径沿蒸发流向逐渐减小；所述多孔介质3形成的孔隙不大于40微米。多孔介质本身具有浸润性，可以有效吸合蒸发液，从而达到固液平衡，改变内部液体的流动性。所述散热管道内填充多孔介质3可以起到自发将吸收的液体沿蒸发端到冷凝端的方向运输，将蒸发液传递到进液腔14内，然后通过微热管13完成热交换。外壳1以水凝胶等为材料。外壳1和端盖4采用密封连接，使用过程中无缝隙且无漏液。密封状态下，在汗腺内部加入易挥发蒸发液，经过多孔介质吸热后蒸发到冷凝段上端盖，蒸发液冷凝后回流完成可循环热交换。
图8为本发明实施例4所述的仿生汗腺，所述外壳1呈圆柱体或长方体。外壳1为简单的几何结构，目的在于方便仿生汗腺种植在仿生皮肤7中，其他特征与实施例1相同。
图9为本发明实施例5所述的仿生汗腺，外壳1还可以采用呈盘曲的管状聚合结构，盘曲的管状聚合结构使蒸发端的表面积增大，蒸发端充分的与外部仿生皮肤7接触，有效的吸热可以加快热交换，从而提高散热效率。这样可以是仿生汗腺设计成为汗腺的生理解剖结构，其他特征与实施例3相同。
图10为本发明实施例6所述的仿生汗腺，外壳1采用呈螺旋结构从上到下，采用螺旋结构的外壳体1使蒸发端的表面积增大，蒸发端充分的与外部仿生皮肤7接触，从而提高散热 效率。其他特征与实施例5相同。
一种仿生皮肤，所述仿生皮肤内植入所述的具有柔性特性的可移植的微型的仿生汗腺。一般仿生皮肤7内部依据传感器的分布不同，仿生皮肤7的热源也会不均匀的分布，因此，汗腺在皮肤中的排列分布需要依据一定的规律，通常热源的分布可以分为点热源和面热源。如图11所示，当所述仿生皮肤上的热源为点分布时，所述仿生汗腺均布在点热源周边；点热源下的仿生汗腺分布，仿生汗腺围绕点热源形成由近到远的圆周分布，依据距离热源位置远近来调整分布密度，仿生汗腺随着距离点热源的距离越远，汗腺装置密度越稀疏。
如图12所示，当所述仿生皮肤上的热源为面分布时，所述仿生汗腺阵列均布在面热源平面。在面热源下仿生汗腺分布模拟局部皮肤组织中的汗腺分布，本发明提出以矩阵的排列方式分布在面热源的上方，矩阵的排列分布可以使多个汗腺装置均匀受热，将热量分散到每个汗腺装置从而增加散热效率。
如图13所示，实施例7为本发明所述的仿生汗腺在仿生皮肤7中的一种安装方式，仿生汗腺通过粘接的方式安装在仿生皮肤7内部或者仿生皮肤表面。具体为使用纳米黏土和水凝胶等胶粘物质11对仿生皮肤7表面进行涂抹，使仿生汗腺底部黏附在仿生皮肤表面。涂抹仿生汗腺进行固定，再粘附在智能皮肤表面。或在仿真表面加工对应的孔隙，孔隙略大于汗腺装置，放入汗腺装置然后对孔隙灌入水凝胶胶粘固定，如图14所示。
如图14所示，实施例8为本发明所述的仿生汗腺在仿生皮肤8中的一种安装方式，图14中仿生皮肤7的孔隙本身上窄下宽。孔隙本身基于仿生皮肤为材料，孔隙本身具有一定的柔软度，孔隙开口直径小于汗腺装置膨大的蒸发端，使得汗腺装置植入孔隙后不会脱落。孔隙下方的直径比汗腺略小，也使得在汗腺扦插进孔隙后，孔隙内部会产生相应的内部作用力固定汗腺。
如图15所示，实施例9为本发明所述的仿生汗腺在仿生皮肤7中的一种安装方式，所述仿生汗腺的外壳1编织固定在仿生皮肤7的内部；所述端盖1位于仿生皮肤7外部。编织固定是采用纺织学科的加工工艺，将仿生汗腺编织在仿生皮肤7表层。具体方式为，先在仿生皮肤7表面加工对应的孔隙，放入汗腺装置后，在皮肤表面编织一层网格纹路使汗腺装置固定在孔内，孔的直径比汗腺装置略宽，仿生汗腺放入孔隙后，外壳上部，端盖下方较细的部分经由编织物质10交叉固定之后，限制汗腺装置的自由度。
如图16所示，实施例10为本发明所述的仿生汗腺在仿生皮肤7中的一种安装方式，依据仿生汗腺的本身结构外型，当仿生汗腺放置在仿生皮肤7表面上后，汗腺膨大的底端接触仿生皮肤7表面之后，在其周边通过编织物质10编制，使得仿生汗腺以垂直仿生皮肤表面的位置方式固定在仿生皮肤7上。
应当理解，虽然本说明书是按照各个实施例描述的，但并非每个实施例仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施例的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施例或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种仿生汗腺，其特征在于，包括外壳(1)和多孔介质(3)；
    所述外壳(1)内部设有散热管道，所述散热管道内填充多孔介质(6)，所述散热管道内多孔介质(3)形成的孔隙沿蒸发流向逐渐减小；所述多孔介质(3)的间隙中填充蒸发液；所述外壳(1)为透水结构，用于从环境中吸取蒸发液；所述外壳(1)顶部设有若干与散热管道连通的通孔，用于向外界排放蒸发液。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的仿生汗腺，其特征在于，所述多孔介质(3)为水凝胶颗粒；所述水凝胶颗粒的直径沿蒸发流向逐渐减小；所述多孔介质(3)形成的孔隙不大于40微米。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的仿生汗腺，其特征在于，所述外壳(1)呈水滴状，水滴状所述外壳(1)底部呈球形，所述外壳(1)顶部沿蒸发流向逐渐渐缩。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的仿生汗腺，其特征在于，所述外壳(1)为双层透水结构，所述外壳(1)包括透水内层(8)和透水外层(9)，所述透水内层(8)和透水外层(9)均为网格结构；所述透水内层(8)的网格孔隙小于多孔介质(3)的最小直径；所述透水外层(9)的网格孔隙大于透水内层(8)的网格孔隙，且透水内层(8)的网格和透水外层(9)的网格相互交错分布。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的仿生汗腺，其特征在于，所述散热管道与外壳(1)顶部通孔之间设有滤网(2)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的仿生汗腺，其特征在于，还包括端盖(4)，所述外壳(1)顶部安装端盖(4)，所述端盖(4)内部分布若干微热管，所述微热管(2)一端与外壳(1)顶部的通孔连通；所述微热管(2)另一端与外界连通。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的仿生汗腺，其特征在于，所述端盖(4)为扁平的椭圆形，若干所述微热管在端盖(4)内呈murray定律分布。
  8. 一种仿生皮肤，其特征在于，所述仿生皮肤内植入权利要求1-7任一项所述的仿生汗腺。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的仿生皮肤，其特征在于，所述仿生皮肤(7)包裹所述外壳(1)且所述外壳(1)顶部的通孔位于仿生皮肤(7)外部；所述仿生皮肤(7)内设有主管道(6)，用于给仿生汗腺附近区域的仿生皮肤(7)内部补充蒸发液；所述外壳(1)从仿生皮肤(7)内部中吸取蒸发液。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的仿生皮肤，其特征在于，所述仿生汗腺的外壳(1)通过加液细管(5)与附近的主管道(6)连通。
  11. 一种仿生汗腺，其特征在于，包括端盖(4)、微热管(13)、回流管(12)和外壳(1)，
    所述端盖(4)与外壳(1)通过止口密封连接；所述端盖(4)中心设有进液腔(14)， 所述端盖(4)内部分布若干微热管(13)，任意所述微热管(13)一端与进液腔(14)连通；
    所述外壳(1)内部设有与进液腔(14)连通的散热管道，所述散热管道内填充多孔介质(3)，所述散热管道内多孔介质(3)形成的孔隙沿蒸发流向逐渐减小；所述多孔介质(3)的间隙中填充蒸发液；所述微热管(13)另一端与散热管道通过回流管(12)连通。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的仿生汗腺，其特征在于，所述多孔介质(3)为水凝胶颗粒；所述水凝胶颗粒的直径沿蒸发流向逐渐减小；所述多孔介质(3)形成的孔隙不大于40微米。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的仿生汗腺，其特征在于，所述端盖(4)为扁平的椭圆形，若干所述微热管(13)在端盖(4)内呈murrary定律分布。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的仿生汗腺，其特征在于，所述散热管道与进液腔(14)之间设有滤网(2)。
  15. 根据权利要求11-14任一项所述的仿生汗腺，其特征在于，所述外壳(1)呈水滴状，水滴状所述外壳(1)底部呈球形，所述外壳(1)顶部沿蒸发流向逐渐渐缩。
  16. 根据权利要求11-14任一项所述的仿生汗腺，其特征在于，所述外壳(1)呈圆柱体或长方体。
  17. 根据权利要求11-14任一项所述的仿生汗腺，其特征在于，所述外壳(1)为螺旋结构或盘管结构。
  18. 一种仿生皮肤，其特征在于，所述仿生皮肤内植入权利要求11-14任一项所述的仿生汗腺。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的仿生皮肤，其特征在于，当所述仿生皮肤上的热源为点分布时，所述仿生汗腺均布在点热源周边；当所述仿生皮肤上的热源为面分布时，所述仿生汗腺阵列均布在面热源平面。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的仿生皮肤，其特征在于，所述仿生汗腺的外壳(1)粘接或编织固定在仿生皮肤的内部或表面；所述端盖(4)位于仿生皮肤外部。
PCT/CN2021/118399 2021-09-13 2021-09-15 一种仿生汗腺及仿生皮肤 WO2023035294A1 (zh)

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