WO2023033532A1 - Procédé de communication sans fil utilisant de multiples liaisons et terminal de communication sans fil utilisant le procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de communication sans fil utilisant de multiples liaisons et terminal de communication sans fil utilisant le procédé Download PDF

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WO2023033532A1
WO2023033532A1 PCT/KR2022/013008 KR2022013008W WO2023033532A1 WO 2023033532 A1 WO2023033532 A1 WO 2023033532A1 KR 2022013008 W KR2022013008 W KR 2022013008W WO 2023033532 A1 WO2023033532 A1 WO 2023033532A1
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link
measurement
station
radio
time interval
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PCT/KR2022/013008
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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김상현
고건중
손주형
곽진삼
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주식회사 윌러스표준기술연구소
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Publication of WO2023033532A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023033532A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/15—Setup of multiple wireless link connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wireless communication method using multi-links and a wireless communication terminal using the same.
  • Wireless LAN technology is a technology that allows mobile devices such as smart phones, smart pads, laptop computers, portable multimedia players, and embedded devices to wirelessly access the Internet at home, businesses, or specific service areas based on wireless communication technology in a short distance. am.
  • IEEE 802.11b supports a communication speed of up to 11 Mbps while using a frequency of the 2.4 GHz band.
  • IEEE 802.11a which was commercialized after IEEE 802.11b, uses a frequency of the 5GHz band rather than the 2.4GHz band, reducing the effect of interference compared to the frequency of the significantly congested 2.4GHz band, and using OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) technology. communication speed up to 54 Mbps.
  • IEEE 802.11a has a short communication distance compared to IEEE 802.11b.
  • IEEE 802.11g like IEEE 802.11b, uses a frequency of 2.4 GHz band to realize a communication speed of up to 54 Mbps, and has received considerable attention because it satisfies backward compatibility. have the upper hand
  • IEEE 802.11n As a technical standard established to overcome the limitation of communication speed, which has been pointed out as a weakness in the wireless LAN. IEEE 802.11n aims to increase the speed and reliability of networks and extend the operating distance of wireless networks. More specifically, IEEE 802.11n supports High Throughput (HT) with a data processing rate of up to 540 Mbps or more, and also uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to minimize transmission errors and optimize data rates. It is based on Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs (MIMO) technology. In addition, this standard can use a coding scheme that transmits multiple redundant copies to increase data reliability.
  • HT High Throughput
  • MIMO Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs
  • IEEE 802.11ac supports a wide bandwidth (80 MHz to 160 MHz) at a frequency of 5 GHz.
  • the IEEE 802.11ac standard is defined only in the 5GHz band, but early 11ac chipsets will support operation in the 2.4GHz band for backward compatibility with existing 2.4GHz band products.
  • the wireless LAN speed of multiple stations can be at least 1 Gbps and the maximum single link speed can be at least 500 Mbps.
  • IEEE 802.11ad is a transmission standard that provides a speed of up to 7 Gbps using beamforming technology, and is suitable for high-bitrate video streaming such as large amounts of data or uncompressed HD video.
  • the 60 GHz frequency band has a disadvantage in that it is difficult to pass through obstacles and can only be used between devices in a short distance.
  • the IEEE 802.11ax High Efficiency WLAN, HEW
  • HEW High Efficiency WLAN
  • IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput, EHT
  • EHT Extremely High Throughput
  • An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a wireless communication method using multi-link and a wireless communication terminal using the same.
  • the transceiver unit performs radio measurement on the first link, includes a result of the radio measurement in a first measurement report frame, and transmits the first measurement report frame to a third station.
  • the first measurement report frame does not include a result of the radio measurement performed in the non-monitoring time interval of the first link.
  • the monitoring unavailable time interval of the first link may include a time interval during which monitoring of radio signals is impossible due to frame exchange performed in the second link.
  • the monitoring unavailable time interval of the first link may include a time interval in which a radio frequency (RF) function cannot be used in the first link.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the processor may receive a radio measurement request frame from the third station in the multi-link device in the first link, and the radio measurement request frame may indicate a mandatory measurement duration, which is a minimum time for performing radio measurement. In this case, the duration of the non-monitoring time period of the first link may not be included in the duty measurement duration.
  • the processor receives a radio measurement request frame from the third station in the multi-link device in the first link, the radio measurement request frame indicates a duty measurement duration, which is a minimum time for performing radio measurement, and the radio measurement is performed.
  • the first measurement report frame rejecting the measurement request may be transmitted.
  • the processor determines the time during which the radio measurement includes the non-monitoring time interval of the first link in the first measurement report frame.
  • a bit indicating what has been performed in the interval may be set to a pre-specified value.
  • the processor receives a first measurement request frame requesting radio measurement performed on the second link from the third station on the first link, and performs radio measurement on the second link based on the radio measurement request frame. can be done
  • the processor may transmit a second radio measurement report frame including a radio measurement result performed on the second link through the first link.
  • the processor receives a second measurement request frame indicating radio measurement performed on the first link and the second link from the third station on the first link, and the second measurement request frame is configured to perform the second measurement request frame on the basis of the second measurement request frame. Radio measurement can be performed on link 1 and the second link.
  • the processor may transmit a third radio measurement report frame including radio measurement results performed on the first link and the second link through the first link.
  • a method of operating a multi-link device including a first station operating on a first link and a second station operating on a second link includes performing radio measurement on the first link; including a result of the radio measurement in a first measurement report frame; and transmitting the first measurement report frame to a third station.
  • the radio measurement is performed in a time interval including the non-monitoring time interval of the first link, the first measurement report frame does not include a result of the radio measurement performed in the non-monitoring time interval of the first link.
  • the monitoring unavailable time interval of the first link may include a time interval during which monitoring of radio signals is impossible due to frame exchange performed in the second link.
  • the monitoring unavailable time interval of the first link may include a time interval in which a radio frequency (RF) function cannot be used in the first link.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the operating method further comprises receiving, by the multi-link device in the first link, a radio measurement request frame from the third station, and the radio measurement request frame indicating a duty measurement duration, which is a minimum time for performing radio measurement.
  • a duty measurement duration which is a minimum time for performing radio measurement.
  • the duration of the non-monitoring time period of the first link may not be included in the duty measurement duration.
  • the method of operation includes receiving a radio measurement request frame from the third station by the multi-link device in the first link, the radio measurement request frame indicating a duty measurement duration, which is a minimum time for performing radio measurement, and the radio measurement request frame.
  • the method may further include transmitting the first measurement report frame rejecting the measurement request when measurement is performed in a time interval including a time interval in which monitoring of the first link is impossible.
  • the radio measurement in the first measurement report frame includes an unmonitorable time interval of the first link
  • the method may further include setting a bit indicating what has been performed in the time interval to a pre-specified value.
  • the operating method includes receiving a first measurement request frame requesting radio measurement performed on the second link from the third station in the first link, and radio measurement in the second link based on the radio measurement request frame. It may include performing a measurement.
  • the operating method may further include transmitting a second radio measurement report frame including a radio measurement result performed on the second link through the first link.
  • the operating method includes receiving a second measurement request frame indicating radio measurement performed on the first link and the second link from the third station in the first link, and based on the second measurement request frame
  • the method may further include performing radio measurement on the first link and the second link.
  • the operation method may further include transmitting a third radio measurement report frame including radio measurement results performed on the first link and the second link through the first link.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a wireless communication method using multi-links efficiently and a wireless communication terminal using the same.
  • FIG. 1 shows a WLAN system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a wireless LAN system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 shows the configuration of a station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 4 shows the configuration of an access point according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a process in which a station establishes a link with an access point.
  • CSMA carrier sense multiple access
  • CA collision avoidance
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a PPDU (Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit) format for each standard generation.
  • PPDU Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit
  • EHT Extremely High Throughput
  • PPDU Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit
  • FIG. 9 shows a multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 11 shows the operation of a multi-link device when a link is changed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 shows a connection between a single radio multi-link device and an AP multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 13 shows that a single radio multi-link device performs MIMO transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 shows an operation in which a single radio multi-link device performs channel access in consideration of a delay time of an RF chain change according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 shows a Capability element and an Operation element used by a single radio multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 shows that a station of a non-STR multi-link device performs channel load measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 17 shows that a station of the multi-link device performs channel load measurement when the multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention operates in the EMLSR mode.
  • FIG. 19 shows determining a measurement duration when a station of a multi-link device performs channel load measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21 shows an equation used when a soft AP multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention determines a value of a Channel Utilization field.
  • FIG. 22 shows an equation for deriving an IPI density when a station of a multi-link device measures a noise histogram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 shows an equation for deriving an RPI histogram when a station of a multi-link device measures a noise histogram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 25 shows a format of a Measurement Request element and subfields of a Measurement Request Mode field according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 26 shows a format of a Measurement Report element and a format of a Measurement Report Mode field according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 28 shows the format of the Measurement Request field included in the Measurement Request element when the Measurement Request element instructs RPI histogram measurement as a measurement type and the Measurement Report element included when the Measurement Report element indicates RPI histogram measurement as a measurement type. Shows the format of the Report field.
  • FIG. 29 shows the format of the Measurement Request field included in the Measurement Request element when the Measurement Request element indicates channel load measurement as a measurement type and the Measurement Report element included when the Measurement Report element indicates channel load measurement as a measurement type. Shows the format of the Report field.
  • FIG. 30 shows the format of the Measurement Request field included in the Measurement Request element when the Measurement Request element instructs noise histogram measurement as a measurement type and the Measurement Report element included when the Measurement Report element indicates noise histogram measurement as a measurement type. Shows the format of the Report field.
  • fields and subfields may be used interchangeably.
  • FIG. 1 shows a WLAN system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a wireless LAN system includes one or more basic service sets (BSS), and the BSS represents a set of devices that can successfully synchronize and communicate with each other.
  • BSS basic service sets
  • the BSS can be divided into an infrastructure BSS (infrastructure BSS) and an independent BSS (Independent BSS, IBSS), and FIG. 1 shows the infrastructure BSS.
  • the infrastructure BSS (BSS1, BSS2) includes one or more stations (STA1, STA2, STA3, STA4, and STA5), an access point (AP-1) that is a station providing a distribution service, , AP-2), and a distribution system (DS) connecting a plurality of access points (AP-1, AP-2).
  • BSS1, BSS2 includes one or more stations (STA1, STA2, STA3, STA4, and STA5), an access point (AP-1) that is a station providing a distribution service, , AP-2), and a distribution system (DS) connecting a plurality of access points (AP-1, AP-2).
  • a station is an arbitrary device that includes a medium access control (MAC) conforming to the provisions of the IEEE 802.11 standard and a physical layer interface for a wireless medium, and in a broad sense is a non-access point ( It includes both access points (APs) as well as non-AP stations.
  • MAC medium access control
  • 'terminal' may refer to a non-AP STA or an AP, or may be used as a term indicating both.
  • a station for wireless communication includes a processor and a communication unit, and may further include a user interface unit and a display unit according to embodiments.
  • the processor may generate a frame to be transmitted through the wireless network or process a frame received through the wireless network, and may perform various other processes for controlling the station.
  • the communication unit is functionally connected to the processor and transmits/receives a frame for a station through a wireless network.
  • a terminal may be used as a term including a user equipment (UE).
  • UE user equipment
  • An access point is an entity that provides access to a distribution system (DS) via a wireless medium for stations associated with it. Although it is a principle that communication between non-AP stations in an infrastructure BSS is performed via an AP, direct communication is possible even between non-AP stations when a direct link is established. Meanwhile, in the present invention, an AP is used as a concept including a PCP (Personal BSS Coordination Point), and in a broad sense is a centralized controller, a base station (BS), a Node-B, a BTS (Base Transceiver System), or a site It may include all concepts such as a controller.
  • PCP Personal BSS Coordination Point
  • the AP may also be referred to as a base wireless communication terminal
  • the base wireless communication terminal is a term that includes all of an AP, a base station, an eNodeB (eNB), and a transmission point (TP) in a broad sense.
  • the base wireless communication terminal may include various types of wireless communication terminals that allocate communication medium resources and perform scheduling in communication with a plurality of wireless communication terminals.
  • a plurality of infrastructure BSSs may be interconnected through a distribution system (DS).
  • DS distribution system
  • ESS Extended Service Set
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an independent BSS that is a WLAN system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • redundant descriptions of parts identical to or corresponding to those of the embodiment of FIG. 1 will be omitted.
  • BSS3 shown in FIG. 2 is an independent BSS and does not include an AP, all stations STA6 and STA7 are not connected to the AP.
  • An independent BSS is not allowed access to the distribution system and forms a self-contained network.
  • each of the stations STA6 and STA7 may be directly connected to each other.
  • a station 100 may include a processor 110, a communication unit 120, a user interface unit 140, a display unit 150, and a memory 160.
  • the communication unit 120 transmits and receives wireless signals such as wireless LAN packets, and may be built into the station 100 or provided externally.
  • the communication unit 120 may include at least one communication module using different frequency bands.
  • the communication unit 120 may include communication modules of different frequency bands such as 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, and 60 GHz.
  • the station 100 may include a communication module using a frequency band of 7.125 GHz or higher and a communication module using a frequency band of 7.125 GHz or lower.
  • Each communication module may perform wireless communication with an AP or an external station according to the wireless LAN standard of the frequency band supported by the corresponding communication module.
  • the communication unit 120 may operate only one communication module at a time or simultaneously operate multiple communication modules according to the performance and requirements of the station 100 .
  • each communication module may be provided in an independent form, or a plurality of modules may be integrated into a single chip.
  • the communication unit 120 may represent an RF communication module that processes a radio frequency (RF) signal.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the user interface unit 140 includes various types of input/output means provided in the station 100 . That is, the user interface unit 140 may receive user input using various input means, and the processor 110 may control the station 100 based on the received user input. In addition, the user interface unit 140 may perform output based on the command of the processor 110 using various output means.
  • the display unit 150 outputs an image on the display screen.
  • the display unit 150 may output various display objects such as content executed by the processor 110 or a user interface based on a control command of the processor 110 .
  • the memory 160 stores control programs used in the station 100 and various data corresponding thereto.
  • Such a control program may include an access program necessary for the station 100 to access an AP or an external station.
  • the processor 110 of the present invention may execute various commands or programs and process data inside the station 100 .
  • the processor 110 may control each unit of the above-described station 100 and may control data transmission and reception between the units.
  • the processor 110 may execute a program for accessing an AP stored in the memory 160 and receive a communication setting message transmitted by the AP.
  • the processor 110 may read information about the priority condition of the station 100 included in the communication establishment message and request access to the AP based on the information about the priority condition of the station 100 .
  • the processor 110 of the present invention may refer to the main control unit of the station 100, and may refer to a control unit for individually controlling some components of the station 100, such as the communication unit 120, according to embodiments.
  • the processor 110 may be a modem or a modulator and/or demodulator for modulating and demodulating a radio signal transmitted and received from the communication unit 120 .
  • the processor 110 controls various operations of transmitting and receiving radio signals of the station 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. A specific embodiment for this will be described later.
  • the station 100 shown in FIG. 3 is a block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the separately displayed blocks logically distinguish the elements of the device. Accordingly, the elements of the device described above may be mounted as one chip or as a plurality of chips according to the design of the device. For example, the processor 110 and the communication unit 120 may be integrated into one chip or implemented as a separate chip. Also, in the embodiment of the present invention, some components of the station 100, such as the user interface unit 140 and the display unit 150, may be selectively provided in the station 100.
  • the AP 200 may include a processor 210, a communication unit 220, and a memory 260.
  • the AP 200 in FIG. 4 redundant descriptions of components identical to or corresponding to those of the station 100 in FIG. 3 will be omitted.
  • the AP 200 includes a communication unit 220 for operating a BSS in at least one frequency band.
  • the communication unit 220 of the AP 200 may also include a plurality of communication modules using different frequency bands. That is, the AP 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include two or more communication modules among different frequency bands, for example, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, and 60 GHz.
  • the AP 200 may include a communication module using a frequency band of 7.125 GHz or higher and a communication module using a frequency band of 7.125 GHz or lower.
  • Each communication module may perform wireless communication with a station according to a wireless LAN standard of a frequency band supported by the corresponding communication module.
  • the communication unit 220 may operate only one communication module at a time or simultaneously operate multiple communication modules according to the performance and requirements of the AP 200 .
  • the communication unit 220 may represent an RF communication module that processes a Radio Frequency (RF) signal.
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • the memory 260 stores a control program used in the AP 200 and various data corresponding thereto.
  • a control program may include an access program that manages access of stations.
  • the processor 210 may control each unit of the AP 200 and control data transmission and reception between the units.
  • the processor 210 may execute a program for connection with a station stored in the memory 260 and transmit a communication setting message for one or more stations.
  • the communication setting message may include information about priority conditions for connection of each station.
  • the processor 210 performs connection setup according to the connection request of the station.
  • the processor 210 may be a modem or a modulator and/or demodulator for modulating and demodulating a radio signal transmitted and received from the communication unit 220 .
  • the processor 210 controls various operations of transmitting and receiving radio signals of the AP 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. A specific embodiment for this will be described later.
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a process in which a station establishes a link with an access point.
  • the scanning step is a step in which the STA 100 acquires access information of the BSS operated by the AP 200.
  • a passive scanning method in which information is obtained by utilizing only a beacon message (S101) transmitted periodically by the AP 200, and a probe request by the STA 100 to the AP
  • an active scanning method for obtaining access information by transmitting a probe request (S103) and receiving a probe response from an AP (S105).
  • the STA 100 that has successfully received the radio access information in the scanning step transmits an authentication request (S107a), receives an authentication response from the AP 200 (S107b), and performs the authentication step do.
  • the STA 100 transmits an association request (S109a), receives an association response from the AP 200 (S109b), and performs the association step.
  • association basically means wireless association, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and association in a broad sense may include both wireless association and wired association.
  • the authentication server 300 is a server that processes the STA 100 and 802.1X-based authentication, and may exist physically coupled to the AP 200 or may exist as a separate server.
  • CSMA carrier sense multiple access
  • CA collision avoidance
  • a terminal performing wireless LAN communication checks whether a channel is busy by performing carrier sensing before transmitting data. If a radio signal of a certain strength or higher is detected, the corresponding channel is determined to be busy, and the terminal delays access to the corresponding channel. This process is called clear channel assessment (CCA), and a level for determining whether a corresponding signal is detected is called a CCA threshold. If a radio signal of a CCA threshold or higher received by the terminal makes the corresponding terminal a receiver, the terminal processes the received radio signal. Meanwhile, when no radio signal is detected in the corresponding channel or a radio signal having an intensity smaller than the CCA threshold is detected, the channel is determined to be in an idle state.
  • CCA clear channel assessment
  • each terminal with data to be transmitted performs a backoff procedure after a time such as IFS (Inter Frame Space), such as AIFS (Arbitration IFS) or PIFS (PCF IFS) according to the situation of each terminal. do.
  • IFS Inter Frame Space
  • AIFS Aribitration IFS
  • PCF IFS PIFS
  • the AIFS may be used as a configuration that replaces the existing DIFS (DCF IFS).
  • DCF IFS DIFS
  • Each terminal waits while decreasing the slot time as much as the random number determined for the corresponding terminal during the interval of the idle state of the channel, and the terminal that exhausts the slot time attempts access to the corresponding channel. do. In this way, a period in which each terminal performs a backoff procedure is referred to as a contention window period.
  • the random number may be referred to as a backoff counter. That is, the initial value of the backoff counter is set by an integer that is a random number obtained by the terminal.
  • the terminal may decrease the backoff counter by 1. Also, when the backoff counter reaches 0, the terminal may be allowed to perform channel access on the corresponding channel. Therefore, when the channel is idle during the AIFS time and the slot time of the backoff counter, transmission of the terminal may be allowed.
  • a specific terminal successfully accesses the channel, the corresponding terminal can transmit data through the channel.
  • each collided terminal receives a new random number and performs a backoff procedure again.
  • a random number newly allocated to each terminal may be determined within a range (2*CW) twice the range (contention window, CW) of a random number previously allocated to the corresponding terminal.
  • each terminal attempts access by performing the backoff procedure again in the next contention window period, and at this time, each terminal performs the backoff procedure from the remaining slot time in the previous contention window period. In this way, each terminal performing wireless LAN communication can avoid collision with each other on a specific channel.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a PPDU (Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit) format for each standard generation. More specifically, FIG. 7(a) illustrates an embodiment of a legacy PPDU format based on 802.11a/g, FIG. 7(b) illustrates an embodiment of an HE PPDU format based on 802.11ax, and FIG. 7(c) illustrates an embodiment of a HE PPDU format based on 802.11ax. Illustrates an embodiment of a non-legacy PPDU (ie, EHT PPDU) format based on 802.11be. In addition, FIG. 7(d) shows detailed field configurations of L-SIG and RL-SIG commonly used in the PPDU formats.
  • PPDU Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit
  • the preamble of the legacy PPDU includes a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), and a legacy signal field (L-SIG).
  • L-STF legacy short training field
  • L-LTF legacy long training field
  • L-SIG legacy signal field
  • the L-STF, L-LTF and L-SIG may be referred to as a legacy preamble.
  • the preamble of the HE PPDU includes a repeated legacy short training field (RL-SIG), a high efficiency signal A field (HE-SIG-A), and a high efficiency signal (HE-SIG-B) in the legacy preamble.
  • B field HE-STF (High Efficiency Short Training field), and HE-LTF (High Efficiency Long Training field) are additionally included.
  • the RL-SIG, HE-SIG-A, HE-SIG-B, HE-STF, and HE-LTF may be referred to as HE preambles.
  • a specific configuration of the HE preamble may be modified according to the HE PPDU format. For example, HE-SIG-B can be used only in the HE MU PPDU format.
  • the preamble of the EHT PPDU includes a repeated legacy short training field (RL-SIG), a universal signal field (U-SIG), and an extremely high throughput signal A field (EHT-SIG-A) in the legacy preamble.
  • EHT-SIG-A Extremely High Throughput Signal B field
  • EHT-STF Extremely High Throughput Short Training field
  • EHT-LTF Extra High Throughput Long Training field
  • the RL-SIG, EHT-SIG-A, EHT-SIG-B, EHT-STF, and EHT-LTF may be referred to as EHT preambles.
  • a specific configuration of the non-legacy preamble may be modified according to the EHT PPDU format. For example, EHT-SIG-A and EHT-SIG-B may be used only in some of the EHT PPDU formats.
  • L-SIG includes an L_RATE field and an L_LENGTH field.
  • the L_RATE field consists of 4 bits and indicates the MCS used for data transmission.
  • the L_RATE field is a combination of modulation schemes such as BPSK/QPSK/16-QAM/64-QAM and inefficiencies such as 1/2, 2/3, and 3/4. It represents one of the transmission rates of 36/48/54 Mbps.
  • Combining the information of the L_RATE field and the L_LENGTH field can indicate the total length of the corresponding PPDU.
  • the L_RATE field is set to the minimum rate of 6 Mbps.
  • the unit of the L_LENGTH field is a byte, and a total of 12 bits are allocated to signal up to 4095, and the length of the corresponding PPDU can be indicated in combination with the L_RATE field.
  • the legacy terminal and the non-legacy terminal may interpret the L_LENGTH field in different ways.
  • a method for interpreting the length of a corresponding PPDU by a legacy terminal or a non-legacy terminal using the L_LENGTH field is as follows.
  • 3 bytes ie, 24 bits
  • 4us which is one symbol duration of 64FFT.
  • the number of 64FFT reference symbols after L-SIG is obtained by adding 3 bytes corresponding to the SVC field and the Tail field to the value of the L_LENGTH field and dividing it by 3 bytes, which is the transmission amount of one symbol.
  • the length of the PPDU that is, the reception time (RXTIME) is obtained by multiplying the number of obtained symbols by 4us, which is one symbol duration, and then adding 20us required for L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG transmission. If this is expressed as a formula, it is as shown in Equation 1 below.
  • the length of the PPDU can be set up to 5.484 ms.
  • a non-legacy terminal transmitting the corresponding PPDU must set the L_LENGTH field as shown in Equation 2 below.
  • TXTIME is the total transmission time constituting the corresponding PPDU, as shown in Equation 3 below. At this time, TX represents the transmission time of X.
  • the U-SIG Universal SIG
  • EHT PPDUs and WLAN PPDUs of subsequent generations and serves to distinguish which generation PPDUs, including 11be, belong to.
  • U-SIG is a 64FFT-based OFDM 2 symbol and can deliver a total of 52 bits of information. Among them, 43 bits, excluding 9 bits of CRC/Tail, are largely divided into a VI (Version Independent) field and a VD (Version Dependent) field.
  • the VI bit maintains the current bit configuration in the future, so even if a PPDU of a subsequent generation is defined, the current 11be terminals can obtain information about the PPDU through the VI fields of the PPDU.
  • the VI field consists of PHY version, UL/DL, BSS Color, TXOP, and Reserved fields.
  • the PHY version field is 3 bits and serves to sequentially classify 11be and subsequent generation wireless LAN standards into versions. In the case of 11be, it has a value of 000b.
  • the UL/DL field identifies whether the corresponding PPDU is an uplink/downlink PPDU.
  • BSS Color means an identifier for each BSS defined in 11ax and has a value of 6 bits or more.
  • TXOP means the Transmit Opportunity Duration that was delivered in the MAC header. By adding it to the PHY header, the length of the TXOP containing the PPDU can be inferred without the need to decode the MPDU and has a value of 7 bits or more.
  • the VD field is signaling information useful only for the PPDU of the 11be version, and may consist of fields commonly used in any PPDU format, such as PPDU format and BW, and fields differently defined for each PPDU format.
  • the PPDU format is a separator that distinguishes EHT SU (Single User), EHT MU (Multiple User), EHT TB (Trigger-based), and EHT ER (Extended Range) PPDU.
  • the BW field consists of five basic PPDU BW options of 20, 40, 80, 160 (80 + 80), and 320 (160 + 160) MHz (the BW that can be expressed in the exponential form of 20 * 2 can be called the basic BW.
  • the punctured and modified channel shape may be signaled directly in the BW field or signaled using the BW field and a field appearing after the BW field (eg, a field in the EHT-SIG field) together. If the BW field is 3 bits, a total of 8 BWs can be signaled, so only 3 can be signaled in the puncturing mode. If the BW field is set to 4 bits, since a total of 16 BW signaling is possible, a maximum of 11 BWs can be signaled in the puncturing mode.
  • the field located after the BW field depends on the type and format of the PPDU, and the MU PPDU and SU PPDU can be signaled in the same PPDU format.
  • a field for distinguishing the MU PPDU and SU PPDU is located before the EHT-SIG field. It can be done, and additional signaling for this can be performed.
  • Both the SU PPDU and the MU PPDU include the EHT-SIG field, but some fields not required in the SU PPDU may be compressed. In this case, the information of the compressed field may be omitted or may have a size reduced from the size of the original field included in the MU PPDU. For example, in the case of the SU PPDU, a common field of the EHT-SIG may be omitted or replaced, or a user specific field may be replaced or reduced to one.
  • the SU PPDU may further include a compression field indicating whether to compress or not, and some fields (eg, an RA field) may be omitted depending on the value of the compression field.
  • a compression field indicating whether to compress or not
  • some fields eg, an RA field
  • the EHT-SIG field of the SU PPDU When part of the EHT-SIG field of the SU PPDU is compressed, information to be included in the compressed field may be signaled together in an uncompressed field (eg, common field, etc.).
  • the EHT-SIG field since it is a PPDU format for simultaneous reception by multiple users, the EHT-SIG field must necessarily be transmitted after the U-SIG field, and the amount of signaled information can be variable. That is, since a plurality of MU PPDUs are transmitted to a plurality of STAs, each STA must recognize the location of the RU to which the MU PPDU is transmitted, the STA to which each RU is assigned, and whether the transmitted MU PPDU has been transmitted to itself.
  • the AP must include the above information in the EHT-SIG field and transmit it.
  • the U-SIG field signals information for efficiently transmitting the EHT-SIG field, which may be the number of symbols of the EHT-SIG field and/or MCS, which is a modulation method.
  • the EHT-SIG field may include size and location information of an RU allocated to each user.
  • the AP may include and transmit information on punctured RUs among RUs allocated to the STA in the SU PPDU (eg, a puncturing pattern of the RUs). That is, in the case of the SU PPDU, the puncturing mode field including information indicating whether the puncturing mode is applied and the puncturing pattern in a bitmap format may be included in the EHT-SIG field. The shape of the discontinuous channel may be signaled.
  • the type of the signaled discontinuous channel is limited, and indicates the BW of the SU PPDU and information about the discontinuous channel in combination with the value of the BW field.
  • the STA can recognize the bandwidth allocated to it through the BW field included in the PPDU, and the U-SIG field or EHT-SIG field included in the PPDU A punctured resource among allocated bandwidths can be recognized through the puncturing mode field of .
  • the terminal can receive the PPDU in the remaining resource units except for the specific channel of the punctured resource unit.
  • the plurality of RUs allocated to the STA may be configured in different frequency bands or tones.
  • the reason why only a limited type of discontinuous channel type is signaled is to reduce the signaling overhead of the SU PPDU. Since puncturing can be performed for each 20 MHz subchannel, if puncturing is performed on a BW that has multiple 20 MHz subchannels, such as 80, 160, and 320 MHz, in the case of 320 MHz, the remaining 20 MHz subchannels except for the primary channel
  • the type of discontinuous channel (when only the edge 20 MHz is punctured is regarded as discontinuous) must be signaled by expressing whether or not 15 are used. As such, allocating 15 bits to signal the discontinuous channel type of single user transmission may act as an excessively large signaling overhead considering the low transmission rate of the signaling part.
  • the present invention proposes a method for signaling the form of a discontinuous channel of an SU PPDU, and shows the form of the form of a form of a form of a non-contiguous channel determined according to the proposed method.
  • a method for signaling each of the primary 160 MHz and secondary 160 MHz puncturing types in the 320 MHz BW configuration of the SU PPDU, we propose a method for signaling each of the primary 160 MHz and secondary 160 MHz puncturing types.
  • an embodiment of the present invention proposes a technique of changing the configuration of PPDUs indicated by preamble puncturing BW values according to the PPDU format signaled in the PPDU Format field.
  • the length of the BW field is 4 bits
  • 1 symbol of EHT-SIG-A is additionally signaled after U-SIG or EHT-SIG-A is not signaled at all. Therefore, in consideration of this, it is necessary to signal up to 11 puncturing modes completely through only the BW field of the U-SIG.
  • EHT MU PPDU since the EHT-SIG-B is additionally signaled after the U-SIG, up to 11 puncturing modes can be signaled in a different way from the SU PPDU.
  • EHT ER PPDU it is possible to signal whether the PPDU uses the 20 MHz or 10 MHz band by setting the BW field to 1 bit.
  • SIG-B which is a signaling field for simultaneous reception by multiple users, is essential, and SIG-B can be transmitted without a separate SIG-A after U-SIG.
  • U-SIG needs to signal information for decoding SIG-B.
  • EHT Extremely High Throughput
  • PPDU Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit
  • a PPDU may consist of a preamble and a data part, and the format of one type of EHT PPDU may be distinguished according to the U-SIG field included in the preamble. Specifically, whether the format of the PPDU is the EHT PPDU may be indicated based on the PPDU format field included in the U-SIG field.
  • the EHT SU PPDU is a PPDU used for single user (SU) transmission between an AP and a single STA, and an EHT-SIG-A field for additional signaling may be located after the U-SIG field.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of an EHT Trigger-based PPDU format, which is an EHT PPDU transmitted based on a trigger frame.
  • the EHT trigger-based PPDU is an EHT PPDU transmitted based on a trigger frame and is an uplink PPDU used for a response to the trigger frame.
  • the EHT-SIG-A field is not located after the U-SIG field.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of an EHT MU PPDU format that is an EHT PPDU for multiple users.
  • the EHT MU PPDU is a PPDU used to transmit a PPDU to one or more STAs.
  • the HE-SIG-B field may be located after the U-SIG field.
  • EHT ER SU PPDU shows an example of an EHT ER SU PPDU format used for single user transmission with an STA in an extended range.
  • the EHT ER SU PPDU can be used for single-user transmission with STAs in a wider range than the EHT SU PPDU described in (a) of FIG. 8, and the U-SIG field can be repeatedly located on the time axis.
  • the EHT MU PPDU described in (c) of FIG. 8 can be used by an AP for downlink transmission to a plurality of STAs.
  • the EHT MU PPDU may include scheduling information so that a plurality of STAs can simultaneously receive the PPDU transmitted from the AP.
  • the EHT MU PPDU may deliver AID information of a receiver and/or sender of the PPDU transmitted through a user specific field of the EHT-SIG-B to the STA. Accordingly, a plurality of terminals receiving the EHT MU PPDU may perform a spatial reuse operation based on the AID information of the user specific field included in the preamble of the received PPDU.
  • the resource unit allocation (RA) field of the HE-SIG-B field included in the HE MU PPDU is a configuration of resource units in a specific bandwidth (eg, 20 MHz, etc.) of the frequency axis (eg, , a division type of a resource unit) may be included. That is, the RA field may indicate the configuration of resource units divided in the bandwidth for transmission of the HE MU PPDU in order for the STA to receive the PPDU.
  • Information on the STA allocated (or designated) to each divided resource unit may be included in a user specific field of the EHT-SIG-B and transmitted to the STA. That is, the user specific field may include one or more user fields corresponding to each divided resource unit.
  • a user field corresponding to at least one resource unit used for data transmission among a plurality of divided resource units may include an AID of a receiver or sender, and the remaining resource units not performed for data transmission ( s) may include a preset null STA ID.
  • a frame or a MAC frame may be used interchangeably with an MPDU.
  • the link is a physical path and may be composed of one radio medium that can be used to transmit a MAC service data unit (MSDU).
  • MSDU MAC service data unit
  • the wireless communication device can continue to perform communication through the other link. In this way, the wireless communication device can effectively use a plurality of channels.
  • a wireless communication device simultaneously performs communication using a plurality of links, overall throughput can be increased.
  • FIGS. 9 to 26 it is specified on the premise that one wireless communication device uses one link. Therefore, there is a need for a WLAN operating method for using a plurality of links.
  • FIG. 9 shows a multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a multi-link device may refer to a device that has one or more affiliated stations.
  • a multi-link device may represent a device having two or more affiliated stations.
  • multi-link devices can exchange multi-link elements.
  • the multi-link element includes information about one or more stations or one or more links.
  • the multi-link element may include a multi-link setup element to be described later.
  • the multi-link device may be a logical entity.
  • a multi-link device may have a plurality of affiliated stations.
  • a multi-link device may be referred to as a multi-link logical entity (MLLE) or a multi-link entity (MLE).
  • MLE multi-link logical entity
  • a multi-link device may have one MAC service access point (medium access control service access point, SAP) up to logical link control (LLC).
  • SAP medium access control service access point
  • LLC logical link control
  • MLD may have one MAC data service.
  • a plurality of stations included in a multi-link device may operate in a plurality of links. Also, a plurality of stations included in the multi-link device may operate in a plurality of channels. Specifically, a plurality of stations included in a multi-link device may operate in a plurality of different links or a plurality of channels different from each other. For example, a plurality of stations included in a multi-link device may operate in a plurality of different channels of 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz.
  • the operation of the multi-link device may be referred to as multi-link operation, MLD operation, or multi-band operation.
  • MLD operation multi-link operation
  • AP MLD station associated with a far-link device
  • non-AP MLD non-AP MLD
  • the AP MLD includes a first AP (AP1), a second AP (AP2), and a third AP (AP3).
  • the non-AP MLD includes a first non-AP STA (non-AP STA1), a second non-AP STA (non-AP STA2), and a third non-AP STA (non-AP STA3).
  • a first AP (AP1) and a first non-AP STA (non-AP STA1) communicate through a first link (Link1).
  • the second AP (AP2) and the second non-AP STA (non-AP STA2) communicate through a second link (Link2).
  • a third AP (AP3) and a third non-AP STA (non-AP STA3) communicate through a third link (Link3).
  • the multi-link operation may include a multi-link setup operation.
  • Multi-link setup corresponds to the association operation of the single-link operation described above, and may have to be preceded for frame exchange in multi-link.
  • the multi-link device can acquire information necessary for multi-link setup from the multi-link setup element.
  • the multi-link setup element may include capability information related to multi-link.
  • the capability information may include information indicating whether any one of a plurality of devices included in the multi-link device can perform transmission and another device can perform reception at the same time.
  • the capability information may include information about a link that each station included in the MLD can use.
  • the capability information may include information about a channel that each station included in the MLD can use.
  • Multi-link configuration may be established through negotiation between peer stations. Specifically, multi-link configuration may be performed through communication between stations without communication with an AP. In addition, multi-link configuration may be configured through any one link. For example, even when first to third links are configured through multiple links, multi-link configuration can be performed through the first link.
  • mapping between a traffic identifier (TID) and a link may be established. Specifically, a frame corresponding to a TID of a specific value can be exchanged only through a pre-specified link. Mapping between TIDs and links may be set on a directional-based basis. For example, when a plurality of links are established between a first multi-link device and a second multi-link device, the first multi-link device is set to transmit a frame of a first TID to a first link of a plurality of links, and the second multi-link device The device may be configured to transmit frames with a second TID on the first link.
  • there may be default settings in the mapping between TID and link Specifically, when there is no additional setting in the multi-link configuration, the multi-link device may exchange frames corresponding to the TID in each link according to the default configuration. At this time, the basic setting may be that all TIDs are exchanged in any one link.
  • TID is an ID that classifies traffic and data to support quality of service (QoS).
  • QoS quality of service
  • the TID may be used or allocated in a layer higher than the MAC layer.
  • the TID may indicate a traffic category (TC) and a traffic stream (TS).
  • TC traffic category
  • TS traffic stream
  • 16 TIDs can be distinguished.
  • the TID may be designated as one of 0 to 15.
  • a different TID value may be specified according to an access policy, a channel access method, or a medium access method. For example, when enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) or hybrid coordination function contention based channel access (HCAF) is used, values of TID from 0 to 7 may be allocated.
  • EDCA enhanced distributed channel access
  • HCAF hybrid coordination function contention based channel access
  • UP user priority
  • UP may be designated according to TC or TS.
  • UP may be allocated in a higher layer than MAC.
  • HCF controlled channel access (HCCA) or SPCA values of TID from 8 to 15 may be allocated.
  • TID may indicate TSID.
  • HEMM or SEMM when HEMM or SEMM is used, TID values may be assigned from 8 to 15.
  • TID may indicate TSID.
  • AC may be a label for providing QoS in EDCA.
  • AC may be a label for indicating an EDCA parameter set.
  • An EDCA parameter or EDCA parameter set is a parameter used in channel contention of EDCA.
  • the QoS station can guarantee QoS using AC.
  • AC may include AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_VI, and AC_VO.
  • Each of AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_VI, and AC_VO may represent background, best effort, video, and voice.
  • AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_VI, and AC_VO can be classified as lower ACs.
  • AC_VI can be subdivided into AC_VI primary and AC_VI alternate.
  • AC_VO can be subdivided into AC_VO primary and AC_VO alternate.
  • UP or TID may be mapped to AC.
  • each of 1, 2, 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of UP or TID may be mapped to each of AC_BK, AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_BE, AC_VI, AC_VI, AC_VO, and AC_VO.
  • each of 1, 2, 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of UP or TID may be mapped to AC_BK, AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_BE, AC_VI alternate, AC_VI primary, AC_VO primary, and AC_VO alternate, respectively.
  • 1, 2, 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of UP or TID may be sequentially higher in priority.
  • each of AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_VI, and AC_VO may correspond to ACI (AC index) 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Due to the characteristics of these TIDs, the mapping between TID and link may represent the mapping between AC and link. Also, the link-to-AC mapping may represent the TID-to-link mapping.
  • a TID may be mapped to each of a plurality of links. Mapping may be designating a link through which traffic corresponding to a specific TID or AC can be exchanged. In addition, a TID or AC that can be transmitted for each transmission direction within a link may be designated.
  • a default setting may exist in the mapping between TID and link. Specifically, when there is no additional setting in the multi-link configuration, the multi-link device may exchange frames corresponding to the TID in each link according to the default configuration. At this time, the basic setting may be that all TIDs are exchanged in any one link. At any point in time, any TID or AC may be mapped with at least one link. Management frames and control frames can be transmitted on any link.
  • a link When a link is mapped to a TID or AC, only data frames corresponding to the TID or AC mapped to the link can be transmitted in the corresponding link. Accordingly, when a link is mapped to a TID or AC, frames that do not correspond to the TID or AC that are not mapped to the link cannot be transmitted.
  • an ACK may also be transmitted based on the link to which the TID or AC is mapped. For example, a block ACK agreement may be determined based on a mapping between a TID and a link. In another specific embodiment, mapping between TID and link may be determined based on a block ACK agreement. Specifically, a block ACK agreement may be established for a TID mapped to a specific link.
  • TID and link QoS can be guaranteed. Specifically, an AC or TID having a high priority may be mapped to a link in which a relatively small number of stations operate or a channel condition is good. In addition, through the above-described mapping between the TID and the link, the station can be kept in a power saving state for a longer period of time.
  • simultaneous operation in multi-link may not be supported. For example, it may not be supported for a multi-link device to simultaneously perform transmission on multiple links, simultaneously perform reception on multiple links, or perform transmission on one link and simultaneously perform reception on another link. This is because reception or transmission performed on one link may affect reception or transmission performed on another link. Specifically, transmission in one link may act as interference in another link. Interference acting on one link from one link of one multi-link device to another link may be referred to as internal leakage. The smaller the frequency spacing between links, the greater the internal leakage can be. If the internal leakage is not too great, when transmission is performed on one link, transmission may be performed on the other link.
  • simultaneous transmit and receive, simultaneous transmission and reception may be referred to as a multi-link device performing operations simultaneously on a plurality of links.
  • a multi-link device simultaneously transmits on a plurality of links, transmits on one link and simultaneously performs reception on another link, or simultaneously performs reception on a plurality of links, it can be referred to as STR.
  • the multi-link device may support STR or may only support it limitedly. Specifically, the multi-link device may support STR only under specific conditions. For example, when a multi-link device operates with a single radio, the multi-link device may not be able to perform STR. Also, when the multi-link device operates with a single antenna, STR of the multi-link device may not be performed. In addition, when internal leakage is detected to a predetermined size or more, the multi-link device may not be able to perform STR.
  • a station may exchange information about the station's STR capabilities with other stations. Specifically, the station may exchange with other stations information on whether or not the station's ability to simultaneously perform transmission on a plurality of links or simultaneously perform reception on a plurality of links is limited. Specifically, the information on whether the ability to perform transmission or reception in a plurality of links is limited may indicate whether transmission or reception can be simultaneously performed in a plurality of links, simultaneous transmission, or simultaneous reception. Also, information on whether or not the ability to perform transmission or reception in a plurality of links is limited may be information indicated for each step. Specifically, the information on whether or not the ability to perform transmission or reception in a plurality of links is limited may be information indicating a step indicating the size of internal leakage.
  • the information indicating the level of internal leakage may be information indicating the level of interference caused by internal leakage. In another specific embodiment, it may be information indicating a step indicating a frequency interval between links that may have internal leakage effects. Also, the information indicating the level of internal leakage may be information indicating the relationship between the frequency interval between links and the level of internal leakage in each phase.
  • the first station STA1 and the second station STA2 are affiliated with one non-AP multi-link device.
  • the first AP (AP1) and the second AP (AP2) may be associated with one non-AP multi-link device.
  • a first link (link 1) is established between the first AP (AP1) and the first station (STA1)
  • a second link (link 2) is established between the second AP (AP2) and the second station (STA2). do.
  • the non-AP multi-link device can perform STR in a limited manner.
  • the second station (STA2) transmits on the second link (Link 2)
  • the reception of the first station (STA1) on the first link (Link 1) is the transmission performed on the second link (Link 2).
  • reception of the first station STA1 on the first link (Link 1) may be interrupted by transmission performed on the second link (Link 2).
  • the second station (STA2) transmits the first data (Data1)
  • the first AP (AP1) sends a response (Ack for Data1) to the first data (Data1) to the first station. (STA1).
  • the second station STA2 transmits the second data Data2 on the second link Link2.
  • the transmission time of the second data Data2 and the transmission time of the response to the first data Data1 (Ack for Data1) may overlap.
  • interference may occur in the first link Link1 due to transmission from the second link Link2 to the second station STA2. Accordingly, the first station STA1 may not receive the response Ack for Data1 to the first data Data1.
  • Multi-link operation without detailed description may follow the channel access procedure described with reference to FIG. 6 .
  • a multi-link device may independently perform channel access in a plurality of links.
  • the channel access may be backoff-based channel access.
  • the multi-link device may simultaneously start transmission on the plurality of links.
  • the multi-link device has a back-off counter reaching 0 as well as a link in which the back-off counter reaches 0.
  • Channel access can be performed on other links that are not Specifically, when any one of the backoff counters of a link of the multi-link reaches 0, the multi-link device may perform energy detection on another link whose backoff counter does not reach 0. In this case, when energy equal to or greater than a predetermined level is not sensed, the multi-link device may perform channel access not only in a link whose backoff counter reaches 0, but also in a link in which energy detection is performed. Through this, the multi-link device can simultaneously start transmission on a plurality of links. The size of the threshold used for energy detection may be smaller than the size of the threshold used when determining whether to decrease the backoff counter.
  • the multi-link device when determining whether to decrease the backoff counter, can detect any type of signal as well as a WLAN signal. In addition, in the energy detection described above, the multi-link device can detect any type of signal as well as a WLAN signal. Internal leakage may not be detected as a WLAN signal. In this case, the multi-link device may sense a signal detected due to internal leakage as energy detection. Also, as described above, the size of the threshold value used for energy detection may be smaller than the size of the threshold value used when determining whether to decrease the backoff counter. Therefore, even when transmission is being performed in one link, the multi-link device can decrease the backoff counter in the other link.
  • the degree of interference between links may be the size of interference detected by another station of the multi-link device when any one station of the multi-link device performs transmission on any one link.
  • the degree of interference between links may be the size of interference detected by another station of the multi-link device when any one station of the multi-link device performs transmission on any one link.
  • the operation of the second station may be restricted. Specifically, reception or channel access of the second station may be limited. This is because when interference occurs, the second station may fail to decode a received signal due to the interference. Also, when interference occurs, the second station can determine that the channel is in use when the second station accesses the channel using the backoff.
  • the first station and the second station can operate independently. Specifically, when transmission on the first link of the first station of the multi-link device causes interference less than a predetermined size to the second station of the multi-link device operating on the second link, the first station and the second station Channel access can be performed independently. In addition, when transmission in the first link of the first station of the multi-link device causes interference less than a predetermined size to the second station of the multi-link device operating in the second link, the first station and the second station It can transmit or receive independently.
  • the second station can successfully decode the received signal even when interference exists. Also, this is because when the second station accesses a channel using a backoff when interference of less than a predetermined level occurs, the second station may determine that the channel is idle.
  • the degree of interference between stations of the multi-link device may vary depending on hardware characteristics of the multi-link device as well as intervals between frequency bands of links in which the stations operate. For example, internal interference generated in a multi-link device including a high-priced radio frequency (RF) device may be smaller than internal interference generated in a multi-link device including a low-cost RF device. Therefore, the degree of interference between stations of the multi-link device can be determined based on the characteristics of the multi-link device.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the first multi-link device MLD#1 includes a first station STA1-1 operating on a first link Link1 and a second station STA1- operating on a second link Link2. 2) include.
  • the second multi-link device MLD#2 includes a first station STA2-1 operating on a first link Link1 and a second station STA2-2 operating on a second link Link2.
  • the frequency interval between the first link Link1 and the second link Link2 in which the first multi-link device MLD#1 operates and the first link Link1 in which the second multi-link device MLD#2 operates and the frequency interval between the second link (Link2) is the same.
  • the size of the interference generated due to the difference between the characteristics of the first multi-link device MLD#1 and the second multi-link device MLD#2 is different.
  • the magnitude of interference generated in the second multi-link device MLD#2 may be greater than the magnitude of interference generated in the first multi-link device MLD#1.
  • the magnitude of interference may vary depending on the characteristics of the multi-link device and that STR support may vary for each multi-link device, information on whether or not STR is supported needs to be exchanged.
  • the multi-link device may signal whether a station included in the multi-link device supports STR.
  • the AP multi-link device and the non-AP multi-link device may exchange whether or not the AP included in the AP multi-link device supports STR and whether the STA included in the non-AP multi-link device supports STR.
  • an element indicating whether STR is supported may be used.
  • An element indicating whether STR is supported may be referred to as an STR support element.
  • the STR support element may indicate whether or not the station of the multi-link device that has transmitted the STR support element supports STR through 1 bit.
  • the STR support element may indicate whether or not each station including the multi-link device transmitting the STR support element supports the STR by 1 bit.
  • the bit value when the station supports STR, the bit value may be 1, and when the station does not support STR, the bit value may be 0.
  • the multi-link device that transmits the STR support element includes a first station (STA1), a second station (STA2), and a third station (STA3), and the first station (STA1) and the third station (STA3) transmit the STR. If it is supported and the second station (STA2) does not support STR, the STR support element may include a field having 101 1b . Stations operating in different frequency bands are assumed to support STR, and the STR support element may omit signaling of whether or not STR is supported between stations operating in different frequency bands.
  • the first station STA1 operates on a first link of 2.4 GHz
  • the second station STA2 and the third station STA3 operate on a second link and a third link of 5 GHz, respectively.
  • the STR support element may indicate that STR is supported between the second station STA2 and the third station STA3 using 1 bit.
  • the STR support element may include only 1 bit when there are two stations signaled by the STR support element.
  • a relationship between a link located at 2.4 GHz and a link located at 5 GHz or 6 GHz among links of a multi-link device may always be determined as STR. Accordingly, signaling may be omitted regarding whether or not the STR of a link located at 2.4 GHz and a link located at 5 GHz or 6 GHz is omitted.
  • FIG 11 shows the operation of a multi-link device when a link is changed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the STR support element may be exchanged. This is because, as described above, whether a station supports STR may vary according to a distance between frequency bands of a link, and when a frequency band of a link is changed, whether a station supports STR may change.
  • the case where the frequency band of the link is changed may include at least one of a change in the center frequency of the link, a change in the bandwidth of the frequency band, and a 20 MHz primary channel.
  • APs and stations may exchange STR support elements through requests and responses.
  • STR support elements may be exchanged without a separate request.
  • an operating channel of a station may be changed.
  • the station of the non-AP multi-link device may request a link change from the AP.
  • a station of a non-AP multi-link device may request a change of at least one of a center frequency change, a bandwidth change of a frequency band, and a 20 MHz primary channel.
  • the link change request may be transmitted to the AP through the link requesting the change.
  • the link change request may be transmitted to the AP through a link that does not request a change.
  • the link change request may include information indicating a link requesting a change.
  • Information indicating a link may be a number identifying the link.
  • link change may be a change of an operating channel within one frequency band.
  • the link change may include information on how to change the link.
  • the link change request may indicate whether to move the center frequency of the link to a frequency higher than the current center frequency or to move the center frequency of the link to a frequency lower than the current center frequency.
  • the link change request may implicitly indicate a change to a frequency band distant from an adjacent link.
  • the link change request may indicate reducing the bandwidth of the link.
  • the link change request may request a change of the location of the main channel.
  • the link change request may represent changing the location of the main channel to a channel of a lower frequency band or a channel of a higher frequency band than the location of the current main channel.
  • the AP may change the link according to the link change request. Also, in a specific embodiment, the AP receiving the link change request may ignore the link change request.
  • the second station (STA2) and the third station (STA3) of the non-AP multi-link device do not support STR.
  • the non-AP multi-link device requests the AP multi-link device to change the third link (Link3).
  • the AP multi-link device changes the operating link of the third AP (AP3).
  • the third station STA3 operating on the third link link3 to be changed may transmit a change request to the third AP AP3.
  • a station that does not operate on the third link (link3) may transmit a change request to an AP that does not operate on the third link (link3).
  • the AP may broadcast information about the link change through a beacon frame.
  • the link change information may include link frequency information.
  • the information about the frequency of the link may include at least one of a center frequency of the link, an operating bandwidth, and a change in a primary channel.
  • the link change information may include information about a link change time point.
  • the link change may be completed when a beacon including information about the link change is transmitted.
  • the link on which the third station STA3 operates is changed so that the third station STA3 and the second station STA2 can support STR.
  • the non-AP multi-link device may signal whether or not the changed STR is supported by transmitting an STR support element to the AP multi-link device.
  • the second station of the non-STR multi-link device may always determine the channel state of the link in which the second station operates as busy. there is. Accordingly, the second station may determine that the channel is in use due to interference within the device even when the channel of the link in which the second station operates is idle.
  • the other station of the non-STR multi-link device is referred to as a medium sync lost state. do. It may be difficult for a station that has lost medium sync due to the circumstances described above to attempt transmission by performing a backoff procedure. In addition, it may be difficult for a station that has lost medium sync due to the above-described circumstances to start receiving a PPDU or to successfully decode it.
  • the multi-link device may operate adaptively in consideration of the fact that the second station loses medium sync due to transmission by the first station of the non-STR multi-link device. Specifically, when the multi-link device determines that the station of the non-STR multi-link device has lost medium sync, the multi-link device may stop transmission to the station of the non-STR multi-link device. In addition, a station of the non-STR multi-link device may enter a doze state based on operations of other stations of the non-STR multi-link device, for example, transmission and reception. Through this, it is possible to solve a problem that may occur when the operation of one station of a non-STR multi-link device restricts the operation of another station.
  • the non-STR multi-link device different stations included in the non-STR multi-link device cannot simultaneously perform reception and transmission due to interference within the device.
  • different stations included in the non-STR multi-link device cannot simultaneously perform reception and transmission.
  • the use of the transceiver by the second station of the non-STR multi-link device may be restricted.
  • a non-STR multi-link device may support processing of only one PPDU. In this case, when the first station of the non-STR multi-device transmits or receives, the second station of the non-STR multi-device cannot transmit or receive.
  • a multi-link apparatus including a plurality of stations each operating in a plurality of links but not supporting simultaneous transmission or reception of a plurality of stations is referred to as a single radio multi-link apparatus. Therefore, when any one station of a single radio multi-link device transmits/receives, other stations of a single radio multi-link device cannot transmit/receive.
  • the operation of the multi-link device as a single radio multi-link device may be based on hardware constraints or operation mode definitions as described above. Therefore, in this specification, a single radio multi-link device may refer to a multi-link device in which the operation of a station is limited according to the definition of an operation mode as well as a multi-link device in which the operation of a station is limited due to hardware constraints.
  • the single radio multi-link device of the present specification supports simultaneous transmission or reception of a plurality of stations of the multi-link device, but does not support simultaneous transmission or reception of a plurality of stations of the multi-link device under specific conditions. It may include a multi-link device that does not. In this case, the specific condition may include a specific point in time.
  • Embodiments related to the operation of the non-STR multi-link device described above may also be applied to the operation of a single radio multi-link device.
  • the above-described embodiments of operations of a station that transmits and receives data to and from non-STR multi-link stations may also be applied to operations of a station that transmits and receives data to and from a station of a single radio multi-link device. For example, when the station determines that transmission to a single radio multi-link device on a first link has failed due to transmission or reception of a single radio multi-link device on a second link, the station determines CW of channel access performed on the first link. may not increase.
  • the station transmits to a non-STR multi-link station. It may be similar to a method of determining whether the non-STR multi-link device has failed due to operation restrictions.
  • the multi-link device may signal to a combined multi-link device to change an operation mode related to radio use.
  • the multi-link device may transmit a field indicating an operation mode related to radio use.
  • a field indicating an operation mode related to radio use may be referred to as an enhanced multi-link (EML) Control field.
  • EML enhanced multi-link
  • the EML Control field may include an enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) Mode subfield indicating that only a single radio is supported and an enhanced multi-link multi-radio (EMLMR) Mode subfield.
  • EMLSR enhanced multi-link single radio
  • EMLMR enhanced multi-link multi-radio
  • the EMLSR Mode subfield may indicate that only a single radio enters a supported mode.
  • the EMLMR Mode subfield may indicate entering a mode in which a plurality of radios can be used simultaneously. At this time, it may not be allowed that the value of the EMLSR Mode subfield and the value of the EMLMR Mode subfield are set to 1 at the same time.
  • the AP multi-link device may not be allowed to operate in the EMLSR mode. At this time, the AP multi-link device may not be allowed to transmit the EML Control field in which the value of the EMLSR Mode subfield is set to 1. In another specific embodiment, the AP multi-link device may not be allowed to transmit the EML Control field.
  • the multi-link device that has transmitted the EML Control field may change an operation mode related to radio use after a transition timeout from when the EML Control field is transmitted.
  • a non-AP multi-link device attempting to enter the EMLSR mode may transmit an EML Control field in which the value of the EMLSR Mode subfield is set to 1.
  • the AP multi-link device that has received the EML Control field with the value of the EMLSR Mode subfield set to 1 determines that the non-AP multi-link device enters the EMLSR mode after the transition timeout from the time the EML Control field is received. can do.
  • a non-AP multi-link device intending to enter the EMLSR mode in detail may transmit an EML Control field in which the value of the EMLMR Mode subfield is set to 1.
  • the AP multi-link device that has received the EML Control field with the value of the EMLMR Mode subfield set to 1 determines that the non-AP multi-link device enters the EMLMR mode after the transition timeout from the time the EML Control field is received. can do.
  • the duration of the transition timeout may be signaled by the non-AP multi-link device. Specifically, the duration of the transition timeout may be signaled by capability signaling of a non-AP multi-link device.
  • FIG. 12 shows a connection between a single radio multi-link device and an AP multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the PHY backend collectively refers to digital processors of the physical layer including processors that encode and decode PPDUs.
  • the PHY front end is a generic term for the analog baseband circuit including the RF chain.
  • a single radio multi-link device includes a plurality of stations operating on different links, but can only transmit or receive on one link at a time.
  • a single radio multi-link device may perform channel access in a plurality of links.
  • a single radio multi-link device may perform monitoring in a plurality of links.
  • a single radio multi-link device can perform channel access on multiple links.
  • monitoring may include channel sensing.
  • channel sensing may include at least one of clear channel assessment (CCA) and preamble detection (PD).
  • CCA clear channel assessment
  • PD preamble detection
  • a single radio multi-link device can reduce channel access delay. Specifically, even if the first station of a single radio multi-link device fails to perform channel access due to channel occupation by another wireless communication device performed on the first link, the second station of the single radio multi-link device back-offs in the second link. procedure can be performed.
  • the PHY front end of a single radio multi-link device can support channel monitoring independently from the PHY back end.
  • the PHY front end of a single radio multi-link device can support decoding of the preamble of the PPDU independently from the PHY back end for the PD.
  • the PHY front end of a single radio multi-link device can support reception of frames transmitted through low MCS independently from the PHY back end.
  • the frame transmitted through the low MCS may include at least one of an RTS frame and an MU-RTS frame.
  • the PHY front end may include a MAC processor.
  • the processing power of the PHY backend can be utilized intensively for encoding and decoding of data frames.
  • the AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) and a second AP (AP2).
  • a single radio multi-link device includes a first non-AP station (Non-AP STA1) and a second non-AP station (Non-AP STA2).
  • a first AP (AP1) is connected to a first non-AP station (Non-AP STA1) on a first link (Link1)
  • a second AP (AP2) is connected to a second non-AP station on a second link (Link2).
  • Link1 first link
  • AP2 second AP station on a second link
  • Link2 second link
  • each of the first non-AP station (Non-AP STA1) and the second non-AP station (Non-AP STA2) independently performs channel access using the PHY front end.
  • a single radio multi-link device can be used for MIMO transmission using an RF chain of stations that do not participate in transmitting or receiving. Specifically, when the first station of a single radio multi-link device acquires a channel access opportunity, the first station uses not only the RF chain used by the first station but also the RF chain used by the second station of the single radio multi-link device. to perform MIMO transmission. This will be described with reference to FIG. 13 .
  • FIG 13 shows that a single radio multi-link device performs MIMO transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first station (STA1) of a single radio multi-link device operates in the first link (Link 1)
  • the second station (STA2) of the single radio multi-link device operates in the second link (Link 2). It works.
  • a first station (STA1) performs channel access on a first link (Link 1)
  • a second station (STA2) performs channel access on a second link (Link 2).
  • the first station (STA1) succeeds in accessing the channel on the first link (Link 1)
  • the first station (STA1) uses the RF chain used for channel access on the first link (Link 1) as well as the second station (STA2).
  • 2x2 MIMO transmission is performed in the first link (Link 1) using the RF chain used for channel access.
  • the single radio multi-link device may perform channel access in the second link after waiting for a predetermined time.
  • channel access of a single radio multi-link device in the second link may be limited for a predetermined time from when the RF change is completed.
  • the single radio multi-link device may perform channel access in the second link after waiting for a predetermined time from when the RF change is completed.
  • the channel access may include a backoff procedure.
  • the pre-designated time may be a pre-designated time applied when channel access needs to be restricted due to a time when channel monitoring is impossible.
  • the predetermined time may be NAVSyncdelay.
  • a single radio multi-link device may perform a backoff procedure after waiting as much as NAVSyncdelay. This is because there is a high probability that a single radio multi-link device cannot detect transmission of another wireless communication terminal being performed on the second link due to a period in which channel monitoring is not performed.
  • a delay time for starting the operation of the RF chain may be required. Therefore, a single radio multi-link device can perform channel access considering the delay time of RF chain change.
  • a link change may indicate a change in an RF chain supported by the link. Specifically, when the use of a plurality of RF chains is supported in the first link and then the use of one RF chain is supported, or when the use of one RF chain is not supported in the second link and the use of one RF chain is supported. In this case, it can be referred to as a change in the RF chain.
  • a station that communicates with a single radio multi-link device using MIMO may be a station of a multi-link device.
  • a station that communicates with a single radio multi-link device using MIMO may be an AP included in the multi-link device.
  • a station that communicates with a single radio multi-link device using MIMO may be a station included in the multi-link device.
  • a station included in the multi-link device may be an AP.
  • what has been described as an operation of a station of a multi-link device in this specification may represent an operation of a multi-link device.
  • FIG. 14 shows an operation in which a single radio multi-link device performs channel access in consideration of an RF chain change delay time according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a single radio multi-link device may change the RF chain before it is expected to have successful channel access. Specifically, the single radio multi-link device may change the RF chain before the time set based on the delay time of the RF chain change from the time when channel access is expected to succeed. For example, a single radio multi-link device may change an RF chain at a time point earlier than a delay time of RF chain change from a time when channel access is expected to succeed.
  • the first station (STA1) of a single radio multi-link device operates in the first link (Link 1)
  • the second station (STA2) of the single radio multi-link device operates in the second link (Link 2). It works.
  • a first station (STA1) performs channel access on a first link (Link 1)
  • a second station (STA2) performs channel access on a second link (Link 2).
  • the first station (STA1) succeeds in channel access in the first link (Link 1)
  • the first station (STA1) transmits the second station (STA2) as well as the RF chain used for channel access in the first link (Link 1).
  • this second link (Link 2) 2x2 MIMO transmission is performed in the first link (Link 1) using the RF chain used for channel access.
  • the single radio multi-link device changes the RF chain at a time as early as the delay time of RF chain switching (RF chain switching delay) from the time when channel access is expected to succeed (Expected Tx time). .
  • the single radio multi-link device when a single radio multi-link device changes an RF chain and then starts transmitting, the single radio multi-link device may start exchanging MU-RTS frames/CTS frames. In another specific embodiment, when a single radio multi-link device changes an RF chain and then starts transmitting, the single radio multi-link device may transmit a CTS-to-Self frame. In addition, a single radio multi-link device may transmit a frame having a relatively short length instead of a CTS-to-Self frame. Through these embodiments, a single radio multi-link device can acquire the time required until the RF chain change is completed. Also, in these embodiments, unlike the above-described embodiments, a problem may not occur even if channel access is not successful at a predicted time point.
  • a single radio multi-link device starts transmission by exchanging RTS frames/CTS frames on the first link (Link 1).
  • FIG. 15 shows a Capability element and an Operation element used by a single radio multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a single radio multi-link device may perform transmission or reception by changing an RF chain as described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14 .
  • a single radio multi-link device can perform transmission or reception without changing an RF chain.
  • a single radio multi-link device can choose to change the RF chain.
  • a single radio multi-link device may indicate whether to use an RF chain of another link when performing MIMO communication in a corresponding link in the MIMO Rx support subfield of the Operation element. For example, when a single radio multi-link device sets the value of the MIMO Rx support subfield of the Operation element to 1, the MIMO Rx support subfield is a spatial number less than or equal to the value of the Max Rx spatial stream subfield of the Operation element. It may indicate that MIMO reception can be performed using the stream. At this time, a station performing MIMO transmission to a single radio multi-link device must perform MIMO transmission using spatial streams equal to or less than the value of the Max Rx spatial stream subfield of the Operation element.
  • the format of the Operation element may be as shown in FIG. 38(a).
  • a single radio multi-link device may signal the time required to change an RF chain in a capability element.
  • the time required to change the RF chain may be the duration of the transition timeout described above.
  • the switching latency subfield of the capability element may indicate the time required for changing the RF chain.
  • a station that performs MIMO transmission to a single radio multi-link device must perform MIMO transmission in consideration of the time required for RF chain change.
  • a station performing MIMO transmission to a single radio multi-link device may start MIMO transmission after a time required for RF chain change has elapsed from initial transmission to a single radio multi-link device.
  • the format of the Capability element may be as shown in FIG. 38(a).
  • a station attempting to transmit to a single radio multi-link device may not be allowed to transmit on a link other than the first link. This is because a single radio multi-link device cannot perform reception on a link other than the first link while transmission or reception is performed on the first link.
  • completion of the frame exchange sequence may be determined based on reception or transmission of the last frame of the frame exchange sequence.
  • the frame exchange sequence may be performed in a link in which a plurality of RF chains are available. Specifically, the frame exchange sequence may be performed using MIMO.
  • the predetermined time may be determined based on the required time for changing the RF chain. Specifically, the predetermined time may be the required time for changing the RF chain.
  • a station intending to transmit to a single radio multi-link device in a frame exchange sequence immediately after an RF chain is changed transmits first in a frame exchange sequence based on a time required for RF chain change of a single radio multi-link device.
  • the format of the PPDU may be determined.
  • the padding length used for PPDU transmission may be determined. In this case, the padding may be either physical layer padding or MAC layer padding.
  • the station sets the padding of a packet transmitted to a single radio multi-link device having a relatively short RF chain change time to be shorter than the padding of a packet transmitted to a single radio multi-link device having a relatively long time required to change an RF chain.
  • a multi-link device recovering operation in any one link may not be able to perform channel access during NAVSyncDelay in the corresponding link.
  • MediumSyncDelay may be applied instead of NAVSyncDelay. Since the duration of NAVSyncDelay is longer than the duration of MediumSyncDelay, if channel access of the multi-link device is restricted during NAVSyncDelay, channel access of the multi-link device may be excessively restricted.
  • a multi-link device that loses medium sync on any one link can set the MediumSyncDelay timer to a preset value when it moves out of the lost media sync state. In this case, the preset value may be aPPDUMaxTime.
  • the MediumSyncDelay timer may be commonly applied to all EDACAFs. When the value of the MediumSyncDelay timer is 0, the multi-link device can perform channel access on a link where channel access has been restricted.
  • At least one channel access restriction may be applied.
  • the at least one channel access limit is a CCA energy detection (ED) threshold applied when the value of the MediumSyncDelay timer is 0, eg -62 dBM, and a CCA ED threshold applied when the value of the MediumSyncDelay timer is greater than 0, eg -72 dBM may be large.
  • at least one channel access restriction may include limiting the RTS frame as the type of frame first transmitted by the multi-link device on a corresponding link after medium sync is lost.
  • at least one channel access limit may include limiting the number of TXOP acquisition attempts that a multi-link device can perform on a corresponding link until MediumSyncDelay becomes 0. In this case, the number of TXOP acquisition attempts may be designated by the AP multi-link device. In another specific embodiment, the number of TXOP acquisition attempts may be a preset number.
  • a station in a WLAN may perform radio measurements. Through this, the station can determine the radio environment around the station. Also, the station can provide information about the radio environment around the station to other stations. At this time, the station may request the other station to perform radio measurement and transmit the measured result. Specifically, a station may transmit a request frame requesting radio measurement to another station, and may receive a report frame including a measurement result from the other station. The station receiving the request frame may perform radio measurement and transmit a report frame including the measurement result to the station transmitting the request frame.
  • the radio measurements performed by the station include beacon, frame, channel load, CCA, noise histogram, STA statistics, location, neighbor report, and link measurement. and at least one of transmit stream/category measurement.
  • the beacon of radio measurement is when the requesting station requests the responding station for a list of APs that transmitted the beacon received by the responding station. At this time, the requesting station may designate a channel for requesting measurement to the responding station.
  • Frames of radio measurement are requests from the requesting station for information on the number of frames received by the responding station and received traffic.
  • the requesting station may designate the BSSID of the BSS on which the responding station will perform measurement.
  • the responding station may respond with information about the number of frames and average power received by the responding station.
  • the channel load of a radio measurement is to ask the responding station to report channel utilization around the responding station.
  • the responding station reports to the requesting station the ratio of time measured as a busy channel during the measurement duration.
  • determining that a channel is busy includes determining that a channel is busy by CCA as well as measuring that a channel is busy by CS measurement.
  • a channel being measured as busy includes being measured as busy by NAV.
  • what is measured as busy may include only what is determined to be busy by CCA.
  • the noise histogram of radio measurements asks the responding station to report a histogram of the power of non-IEEE 802.11 noise measured by the responding station.
  • the responding station reports a histogram of the measured noise power when the channel is idle as a result of virtual carrier sensing.
  • Station statistics of radio measurements is a request to the responding station to report information about counters maintained by the responding station in relation to channel access.
  • counters maintained in relation to channel access include an RTS failure count, multiple retry counts, frame duplicate counts, RTS success counts, and received flags. At least one of the message counts may be included.
  • the location of the radio measurement is a request to the responding station to report the location of the responding station.
  • Neighbor report of radio measurement is when a non-AP station requests information about a neighboring AP of an AP from an AP to which the non-AP station is bound.
  • Link measurement of radio measurement is to request information about RF characteristics between stations from a responding station. At this time, the information on the RF characteristics may represent the quality of the link.
  • Transport stream/category measurement of radio measurement requests a response station to report information about stream conditions when a traffic stream is exchanged between QoS stations.
  • the report transmitted by the response station includes a performance index of a transmitting device transmitting the traffic stream.
  • the information transmitted by the responding station is affected by the state of the radio medium. Therefore, as described above, when a station of a multi-link device loses medium sync, frame exchange of another station of the multi-link device may affect radio measurement of the corresponding station. Specifically, due to frame exchange of other stations of the multi-link device including the station, the CCA measurement result of the station that has lost medium sync may be determined to be busy regardless of the state of the surrounding wireless medium. Also, due to frame exchange of other stations of the multi-link device including the station, a noise histogram measured by a station that has lost medium sync may distort the state of a wireless medium around the station.
  • a station associated with a multi-link device must perform radio measurement in consideration of frame exchange performed in another link.
  • This will be described with reference to FIGS. 16 to 30 .
  • 16 to 30 describe a non-STR link pair as an example.
  • embodiments of the present invention may also be applied to an STR link pair in which frame exchange in one link may affect another link.
  • embodiments of the present invention can be applied not only when radio measurement is performed on an operation channel but also when it is performed on a non-operation channel channel.
  • FIG. 16 shows that a station of a non-STR multi-link device performs channel load measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) and a second station (STA2), and the AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) and a second AP (AP2). do.
  • a first station (STA1) and a first AP (AP1) operate on a first link (Link1)
  • a second station (STA2) and a second AP (AP2) operate on a second link (Link2).
  • the first link (Link1) and the second link (Link2) are a non-STR link pair.
  • the second station (STA2) receives a request frame (Measurement request) requesting a channel load report from the second AP (AP2).
  • the second station (STA2) While the first station STA1 is performing transmission (TX to AP1) to the first AP (AP1), the second station (STA2) loses medium sync.
  • the second station (STA2) which has lost medium sync, performs channel load measurement. Since in-device-interference continuously occurs during the period during which the channel load measurement is performed, the in-device interference affects the channel load measurement.
  • the second AP (AP2) may misrecognize the channel state and change the operation channel.
  • FIG 17 shows that a station of the multi-link device performs channel load measurement when the multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention operates in the EMLSR mode.
  • the non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) and a second station (STA2), and the AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) and a second AP (AP2). do.
  • a first station (STA1) and a first AP (AP1) operate on a first link (Link1)
  • a second station (STA2) and a second AP (AP2) operate on a second link (Link2).
  • the non-AP multi-link device operates in EMLSR mode.
  • the second station (STA2) receives a request frame (Measurement request) requesting a channel load report from the second AP (AP2).
  • the first AP (AP1) transmits the MU-RTS frame before performing MIMO transmission and receives the CTS frame from the first station (STA1) in response to the MU-RTS frame. After exchanging the MU-RTS frame/CTS frame, the first AP (AP1) performs MIMO transmission (DL PPDU to STA1) to the first station (STA1). At this time, the second station (STA2) switches the RF used in the second link (Link2) to the first link (Link1) and performs MIMO reception. Therefore, while the first station STA1 performs MIMO reception, the second station STA2 cannot measure the channel load. Accordingly, when the second station STA2 sets all of the intervals in which channel load measurement was not performed due to MIMO reception in the channel load measurement report as busy, the channel measurement report may not reflect the actual channel load status.
  • the non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) and a second station (STA2), and the AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) and a second AP (AP2). do.
  • a first station (STA1) and a first AP (AP1) operate on a first link (Link1)
  • a second station (STA2) and a second AP (AP2) operate on a second link (Link2).
  • the first link (Link1) and the second link (Link2) are a non-STR link pair.
  • the second station (STA2) receives a request frame (Measurement request) requesting a channel load report from the second AP (AP2).
  • the second station (STA2) While the first station STA1 is performing transmission (TX to AP1) to the first AP (AP1), the second station (STA2) loses medium sync.
  • the second station (STA2) which has lost medium sync, performs channel load measurement. Also, as described above, after getting out of the medium sync lost state, the second station STA2 may perform medium sync recovery. At this time, the second station STA2 may determine whether the channel is idle with an ED threshold lower than the ED threshold, eg -62 dBm, eg -72 dBm, which is used in a state not in the medium sync recovery state.
  • the second AP (AP2) may not accurately determine the state of the radio medium around the second station STA2.
  • a radio measurement report performed by a station of the multi-link device may be distorted.
  • information in a report of channel load, frame, noise histogram, and link measurement during radio measurement may cause an erroneous judgment of a station receiving the report. Therefore, a radio measurement operation to compensate for this will be described.
  • embodiments of the present invention described later may be applied to other radio measurements even when a specific radio measurement operation is described as an example.
  • the embodiment may also be applied to noise histogram measurement.
  • a station of a multi-link device performing radio measurement may perform radio measurement in consideration of frame exchange performed in another link or RF function limitation of a link.
  • a station requesting radio measurement from a station of a multi-link device may request radio measurement in consideration of a state in which a station of a multi-link device performs radio measurement.
  • a requesting station requesting radio measurement may transmit a radio measurement request according to whether a radio measurement response station is a station of a multi-link device. Specifically, when a requesting station requesting radio measurement requests radio measurement to a station of a multi-link device, the requesting station may request radio measurement based on whether a channel for which radio measurement is requested is a non-STR channel. In a specific embodiment, when a requesting station requesting radio measurement requests radio measurement to a station of a multi-link device, the requesting station may not be allowed to request that a station of the multi-link device perform radio measurement on a non-STR channel.
  • a requesting station requesting radio measurement may request radio measurement only to a station other than a station of a multi-link device. That is, a requesting station requesting radio measurement may not be allowed to request radio measurement to a station of a multi-link device.
  • a requesting station requesting radio measurement may request radio measurement only to a station other than a station of a multi-link device operating in a non-STR link pair and not a station of an EMLSR mode multi-link device. That is, a requesting station requesting radio measurement may not be allowed to request radio measurement to a station of a multi-link device in EMLSR mode and a station of a multi-link device operating in a non-STR link pair.
  • the above-described limited embodiments of the response station receiving radio measurements may be applied only to specific radio measurements.
  • limitations for a response station receiving radio measurement may not be applied to radio measurement that is not affected by intra-device interference or RF use restrictions.
  • the limiting embodiments for responding stations receiving radio measurements may not apply to station statistical measurements.
  • the AP multi-link device may not be allowed to exchange frames with the second station of the multi-link device. Specifically, the AP multi-link device that has requested radio measurement from the first station of the multi-link device in the EMLSR mode may not be allowed to exchange frames with the second station of the multi-link device. At this time, the AP multi-link device may not be allowed to transmit an initiation control frame to the second station of the multi-link device until radio measurement is completed. When the AP multi-link device receives a response to the radio measurement request, the AP multi-link device may determine that radio measurement is completed. In addition, when a predetermined time elapses from the transmission of the radio measurement request, the AP multi-link device may determine that radio measurement is completed.
  • a second station of the multi-link device may not transmit a response to an initiation control frame for an AP multi-link device. It can be. Also, in another specific embodiment, when the first station of the multi-link device in the EMLSR mode performs radio measurement, the second station of the multi-link device may not be allowed to initiate frame exchange.
  • the first multi-link device when the first multi-link device is associated with the second multi-link device in a plurality of links, the first multi-link device is not the first link through the first station STA1 operating in the first link. It may not be allowed to request the second multi-link device to perform radio measurement on a channel included in another link. At this time, the channel included in the other link may include a channel in which a part of the channel is included in the corresponding link. there is.
  • the first multi-link device when a first multi-link device is associated with a second multi-link device in a plurality of links, the first multi-link device operates in an operation channel closest to a channel targeted for radio measurement. Requesting radio measurements from stations other than the device's station may not be permitted.
  • the first multi-link device when a first multi-link device is associated with a second multi-link device in a plurality of links, the first multi-link device operates in an operation channel closest to a channel that is a radio measurement target.
  • a radio measurement can be requested from a station of a device.
  • a response station may perform radio measurement based on a link state. Specifically, when a station performing radio measurement is a station included in a multi-link device, a response station may perform radio measurement in consideration of an effect of frame exchange performed by other stations of the multi-link device. Embodiments described later may be applied not only when a station receives a radio measurement request and performs radio measurement, but also when a station voluntarily performs radio measurement. Also, when a station performs a plurality of radio measurements, the station may not continuously perform a plurality of radio measurements.
  • the station may perform a second radio measurement a predetermined time after the first radio measurement.
  • the predetermined time may be a time interval in which radio measurement is impossible because the multi-link device performs frame exchange in a link different from the link in which radio measurement is performed.
  • a station of the multi-link device may perform second radio measurement.
  • the station When a station performs radio measurement, if monitoring is affected due to frame exchange of a multi-link device performed on a channel different from the measurement channel in the measurement time interval, the station excludes the time interval in which monitoring is affected from the measurement time interval. can do.
  • the measurement time interval is a time interval in which radio measurement is performed.
  • the measurement channel is a channel that is a target of radio measurement.
  • monitoring is affected by frame exchange of a multi-link device performed on a channel other than the measurement channel. As described above, the measurement channel is included in a non-STR link pair and the station may lose medium sync. there is.
  • radio signal monitoring is affected by the frame exchange of the multi-link device performed on a channel other than the measurement channel, not the station where the multi-link device operates in the EMLSR mode and performs radio measurement, but the station of the multi-link device.
  • This may include a case of performing frame exchange.
  • a time period in which monitoring of a radio signal is impossible due to frame exchange of a multi-link device performed on a channel other than a measurement channel is referred to as a non-monitoring time period.
  • the non-monitoring time period may include a time period during which an RF function cannot be performed in a corresponding link.
  • the non-monitoring time period may include time required to switch an RF function from one link to another link. Therefore, the non-monitoring time interval may include a time interval in which the RF used in the first link is switched to the second link and a time interval in which the RF switched to the second link is switched back to the first link.
  • the non-monitoring time period may include a time period during which media sync recovery is performed, for example, a time period in which the value of the medium sync recovery timer is not 0. That is, the non-monitoring time interval may include a time interval in which the ED threshold is changed due to the medium sync recovery operation.
  • a general ED threshold value for example -62 dBm, may be used in CCA performed for radio measurement during medium sync recovery operation. In this embodiment, a result of CCA for channel access performed during medium sync recovery operation may be busy, but a result of CCA performed for radio measurement may be idle.
  • the radio measurement request may indicate the duration of the measurement time interval as the measurement duration.
  • the measurement duration may indicate a mandatory measurement time.
  • the measurement duration indicates the mandatory measurement time
  • the measurement duration may indicate a preferred measurement time.
  • the station receiving the radio measurement request may perform radio measurement regardless of the measurement duration.
  • the measurement duration may be regarded as the duration of the measurement time interval excluding the non-monitoring time interval. For example, if the measurement duration indicates 5 ms and the station performs radio measurement for 2 ms and enters the non-monitoring time interval, the station performs radio measurement for 3 ms after the non-monitoring time interval and reports the radio measurement result. . In another specific embodiment, the measurement duration may be regarded as a duration of a measurement time interval in which monitoring unavailable time intervals are not excluded.
  • the station performs radio measurement for 2 ms, enters the non-monitoring time interval, and the duration of the non-monitoring time interval is 3 ms or more, the station does not perform radio measurement after the non-monitoring time and radio measurement is not performed. Measurement results can be reported.
  • the measurement duration when the measurement duration indicates the mandatory measurement time, the measurement duration may be regarded as the duration of the measurement time interval in which the non-monitoring time interval is not excluded. In this case, the measurement duration is a duration from when radio measurement starts to when radio measurement ends. In addition, when the measurement duration indicates the preferred measurement time, the measurement duration may be regarded as the duration of the measurement time interval excluding the non-monitoring time interval.
  • a station may perform radio measurement even in a non-monitoring time period. However, as in the following embodiments, when the station reports the radio measurement result, the station does not include the result of the radio measurement performed in the unmonitorable time interval, and the radio measurement performed in the non-monitorable time interval. Only results can be reported. In another specific embodiment, a station may not perform radio measurement in a non-monitoring time period.
  • the station measures the ratio between the time interval in which the measured channel is determined to be busy in the measurement time interval and the measurement time interval. At this time, the ratio indicates a value of 0 to 255.
  • determining that a channel is busy includes determining that a channel is busy by CCA as well as measuring that a channel is busy by CS measurement.
  • a channel being measured as busy includes being measured as busy by NAV.
  • the station of the multi-link device may exclude a time in which monitoring is affected due to frame exchange of the multi-link device performed in a link other than the link including the measurement channel in the measurement time interval. Specifically, the station may report a ratio between a time period in which the measurement channel is determined to be busy and a time period other than the monitoring unavailable time period in the measurement time period.
  • FIG. 19 shows determining a measurement duration when a station of a multi-link device performs channel load measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) and a second station (STA2), and the AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) and a second AP (AP2). do.
  • a first station (STA1) and a first AP (AP1) operate on a first link (Link1)
  • a second station (STA2) and a second AP (AP2) operate on a second link (Link2).
  • the first link (Link1) and the second link (Link2) are a non-STR link pair.
  • the second station (STA2) receives a request frame (Measurement request) requesting a channel load report from the second AP (AP2).
  • the second station STA2 While the first station STA1 is performing transmission (TX to AP1) to the first AP (AP1), the second station (STA2) loses medium sync.
  • the channel load measurement is performed from when the second station STA2 receives the measurement request (T_1) until it loses the medium sync (T_2).
  • the channel load measurement is performed again from when the second station STA2 leaves the medium sync loss state (T_3).
  • the second station STA2 may perform channel load measurement until the sum of the durations from T_1 to T_2 and the duration from T3 to the time the channel load measurement is completed (T_4) is equal to the mandatory measurement duration. there is.
  • the station may report the ratio of the time interval in which the measurement channel is determined to be busy among the remaining time intervals except for the non-monitoring time interval in the measurement time interval and the remaining time interval except for the non-monitoring time interval in the measurement time interval.
  • MeasurementDuration of FIG. 20 represents a measurement time
  • MeasurementDuration' is a value obtained by subtracting the duration of a non-monitorable time interval from the MeasurementDuration.
  • 'Channel busy time' is the duration of a time period in which the measurement channel is determined to be busy among the remaining time periods excluding the non-monitoring time period in the measurement time period.
  • determining that a channel is busy includes determining that a channel is busy by CCA as well as measuring that a channel is busy by CS measurement.
  • a channel being measured as busy includes being measured as busy by NAV.
  • a method similar to the embodiment applied to the channel load measurement method may also be applied when the soft AP multi-link device determines the value of the Channel Utilization field of the BSS Load element.
  • This embodiment may be applied only to APs operating in a non-primary link among APs of a soft AP multi-link device. This will be described with reference to FIG. 21 .
  • FIG. 21 shows an equation used when a soft AP multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention determines a value of a Channel Utilization field.
  • the Channel Utilization field is the percentage of time that is detected as busy by the physical carrier sense due to transmission between the AP and the station. Specifically, the value of the Channel Utilization field is based on a value obtained by dividing the time when the channel to be measured is detected as busy by the value obtained by multiplying the number of beacon frames transmitted and the period of the beacon frame while CCA is being performed for the value of the Channel Utilization field. is set to At this time, CCA is performed on a primary 20 MHz channel. When the soft AP multi-link device is performing frame exchange on the first link, the soft AP multi-link device may affect the CCA performed to set the value of the Channel Utilization field on the second link.
  • the station may set the value of the Channel Utilization field based only on the remaining number of beacon transmissions excluding beacon transmissions corresponding to a time period in which monitoring is impossible.
  • the beacon corresponding to the non-monitoring time interval is a beacon in which the non-monitoring time interval overlaps after transmission of the corresponding beacon and before transmission of the next beacon.
  • the station may obtain a value of the Channel Utilization field by using the duration of the remaining time intervals other than the time interval overlapping the non-monitoring time interval in the time interval in which it is detected that the channel to be measured is busy. Specifically, the station may obtain the value of the Channel Utilization field using the equation of FIG. 21 . In FIG.
  • 'Channel busy time' represents the duration of the remaining time intervals except for the time interval overlapping the non-monitoring time interval in the time interval in which the channel to be measured is detected as being busy.
  • T Primary_AP_TX is the duration of a beacon interval in which monitoring unavailable time intervals overlap.
  • the noise histogram measurement is to measure average noise and interference power (ANPI, average noise power indicator) and IPI (idle power indicator) densities measured at the antenna connector.
  • ANPI indicates the level of noise detected in an idle channel.
  • the IPI density is to measure the ratio of time when the average noise measured in the measurement time period corresponds to each of a plurality of levels by measuring the average noise in the channel in which the station is in an idle state. Multiple levels are divided into 11. The sum of the values corresponding to each of the 11 divided levels is about 255.
  • the IPI density is measured as a time ratio corresponding to each of a plurality of levels in a time period in which a station does not perform transmission and reception in a time period in which NAV is not 0. Accordingly, the time interval in which the IPI density is measured is a time interval excluding the time interval in which the station performs transmission or reception in a time interval in which the NAV is not 0.
  • the Measurement Report field of the noise histogram report includes IPI 0 Density subfields to IPI 11 Density subfields indicating the 11 sections described above.
  • Each of the IPI 0 Density subfield to the IPI 11 Density subfield indicates the ratio of the time interval in which the IPI level corresponding to the IPI 0 Density subfield to the IPI 11 Density subfield is sensed. For example, when noise corresponding to IPI level 5 is indicated in all time intervals, the value of the IPI 5 Density subfield is set to 255 and the values of the other IPI Density subfields are set to 0.
  • a station of a multi-link device may not accurately perform a noise histogram during a non-monitoring time. For example, interference within a multi-link device may affect noise histogram measurement. Also, if the RF chain cannot be used due to a change in the RF chain use mode, the station may not be able to measure the noise histogram. Accordingly, when a station of a multi-link device measures a noise histogram, the station may exclude a non-monitoring time period from the measurement time period. For example, when a station of a multi-link device measures ANPI, the station may exclude a non-monitoring time period from the measurement time period.
  • the station may exclude a time interval in which the second station of the multi-link device transmits from the measurement time interval.
  • the second station of the multi-link device measures the second of the non-STR link pair in the measurement time interval.
  • a time interval during which transmission is performed on a link may be excluded.
  • the station measures the multi-link in the measurement time interval. A time interval in which the second station of the link apparatus performs transmission on the second link of the non-STR link pair may be excluded.
  • ANPI measurement embodiments described above can also be applied to IPI density measurement.
  • the station may exclude a non-monitoring time period from the measurement time period.
  • the station may exclude a time interval in which the second station of the multi-link device performs transmission from the measurement time interval.
  • the second station of the multi-link device in the measurement time interval measures the IPI density of the first link pair of the non-STR link. A time period during which transmission is performed on link 2 may be excluded.
  • the station when the first station of the multi-link device measures the IPI density, the station measures the IPI density regardless of whether the channel on which the first station measures the IPI density is included in a non-STR link pair. In , a time interval in which the second station of the multi-link device transmits on the second link among non-STR link pairs may be excluded.
  • RPI received power indicator
  • a station measures received power measured at an antenna connector and measures a ratio of times when the measured received power corresponds to each of a plurality of levels in a measurement time interval.
  • the RPI histogram is indicated by an interval divided into 8 segments. The sum of the values corresponding to each of the eight sections is approximately 255.
  • the station measures the RPI histogram regardless of the value of NAV and whether the station transmits or receives. If the station of the multi-link device cannot be monitored in the link to be measured, it may affect the RPI histogram measurement. Therefore, the ANPI measurement embodiments described above can also be applied to RPI histogram measurement.
  • the station may exclude a non-monitoring time period from the measurement time period. Specifically, when the first station of the multi-link device measures the RPI histogram, the station may exclude a time period in which the second station of the multi-link device transmits from the measurement time period. In a specific embodiment, when the first station of the multi-link device measures the RPI histogram on the first link of the non-STR link pair, the station measures the second station of the multi-link device in the measurement time interval. A time period during which transmission is performed on link 2 may be excluded.
  • the station when the first station of the multi-link device measures the RPI histogram, regardless of whether the channel on which the first station measures the RPI histogram is included in a non-STR link pair, the station measures the time interval. In , a time period in which the second station of the multi-link device performs transmission on the second link among non-STR link pairs may be excluded.
  • FIG. 22 shows an equation for deriving an IPI density when a station of a multi-link device measures a noise histogram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22(a) is an equation in which a station derives an IPI density when a station of a multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention measures a noise histogram.
  • FIG. 22(b) shows the power of IPI corresponding to each IPI level.
  • the station measures the IPI density at a time ratio corresponding to each of a plurality of levels in a time interval in which the NAV is not 0 and in which the station does not transmit or receive.
  • the station may exclude the non-monitoring time section from the measurement time section. Therefore, as in the equation of FIG.
  • 1024 is multiplied to convert time in units of TU to us.
  • FIG. 22(a) represents the rounding operation of x, and the final value of the IPI density measurement is obtained as an integer value through the rounding operation.
  • FIG. 23 shows an equation for deriving an RPI histogram when a station of a multi-link device measures a noise histogram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23(a) is an equation in which a station derives an RPI histogram when a station of a multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention measures a noise histogram.
  • FIG. 23(b) shows the power of the RPI corresponding to each RPI level.
  • the station measures the RPI density at a time rate corresponding to each of a plurality of levels in the measurement time interval.
  • the station may exclude the non-monitoring time section from the measurement time section. Therefore, as in the equation of FIG. 23(a), the RPI density can be obtained based on the value excluding the non-monitoring time interval (D filtered_out ) from the entire time interval (1024x D M ).
  • 1024 is multiplied to convert time in units of TU to us.
  • FIG. 23(a) represents the rounding operation of x, and the final value of the noise histogram measurement is obtained as an integer value through the rounding operation.
  • the CCA measurement is when a station measures a ratio of time during which a CCA result for a measurement target is busy in a measurement time interval. In the CCA measurement, only the CCA result is used regardless of the NAV, that is, the result of the virtual CS. This is the difference from channel load measurement. Also, the CCA measurement is indicated by any one of values from 0 to 225.
  • the station may exclude a non-monitoring time interval from the measurement time interval. As described above, the non-monitoring time interval may include a time interval in which the medium sync delay timer value is not 0 as well as a time interval in which the station loses medium sync.
  • the non-monitoring time interval may include a time interval in which the station loses medium sync and may not include a time interval in which the value of the medium sync delay timer is not 0.
  • a general ED threshold value for example -62 dBm, may be used in CCA performed for CCA measurement of radio measurement during medium sync recovery operation.
  • the result of CCA for channel access performed during the medium sync recovery operation may be busy, but the result of CCA performed for radio measurement may be idle.
  • a measurement time interval for performing CCA measurement may be designated by a requesting station requesting radio measurement.
  • the requesting station may designate a radio measurement start time and a measurement duration.
  • the measurement duration may be regarded as the duration of the measurement time interval excluding the non-monitoring time interval. For example, if the measurement duration indicates 5 ms and the station performs radio measurement for 2 ms and enters the non-monitoring time interval, the station performs radio measurement for 3 ms after the non-monitoring time interval and reports the radio measurement result.
  • the measurement duration may be regarded as a duration of a measurement time interval in which monitoring unavailable time intervals are not excluded.
  • the station performs radio measurement for 2 ms, enters the non-monitoring time interval, and the duration of the non-monitoring time interval is 3 ms or more, the station does not perform radio measurement after the non-monitoring time and radio measurement is not performed. Measurement results can be reported.
  • the measurement duration indicates the mandatory measurement time
  • the measurement duration may be regarded as the duration of the measurement time interval in which the non-monitoring time interval is not excluded. In this case, the measurement duration is a duration from when radio measurement starts to when radio measurement ends.
  • the measurement duration indicates the preferred measurement time
  • the measurement duration may be regarded as the duration of the measurement time interval excluding the non-monitoring time interval.
  • the station when a station performs CCA measurement of radio measurement, the station may exclude a non-monitoring time section from the measurement time section. Therefore, as in the equation of FIG. 24 , the CCA measurement value can be obtained based on the value excluding the non-monitoring time interval (t filtered_out ) from the entire time interval (1024x t MD ). In the equation of FIG. 24, 1024 is multiplied to convert the time in unit of TU to us. Also, in FIG. 24 represents the rounding operation of x, and the final value of the CCA measurement is obtained as an integer value through the rounding operation.
  • a station may perform radio measurement by receiving a radio measurement request, and may perform radio measurement without receiving a radio measurement request.
  • a station may perform radio measurement by receiving a radio measurement request from another station of the BSS to which the station belongs.
  • the radio measurement request includes a Measurement Request element.
  • the station receiving the radio measurement request reports the radio measurement by transmitting a Measurement Report element.
  • the formats of the Measurement Request element and the Measurement Report element will be described with reference to FIGS. 25 and 26 .
  • 25(a) shows a format of a Measurement Request element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the Measurement Request element may include an Element ID field, a Length field, a Measurement Token field, a Measurement Request Mode field, a Measurement Type field, and a Measurement Request field.
  • the Element ID field indicates the type of element including the Element ID field.
  • the Element ID field of the Measurement Request element is set to 38.
  • the Measurement Token field is used to identify a Measurement Request element included in one spectrum/radio measurement request frame. Also, the value of the Measurement Token field is set to a value other than 0.
  • the Measurement Request Mode field includes Parallel bit, Enable bit, Request bit, Report bit, and Duration Mandatory bit.
  • the Parallel bit indicates that multiple measurements are performed in parallel.
  • the station receiving the Measurement Request element performs radio measurement indicated by the Measurement Request element and radio measurement indicated by another Measurement Request element included in a measurement request frame including the Measurement Request element. can be done with
  • the station receiving the Measurement Request element is instructed by the radio measurement indicated by the Measurement Request element and another Measurement Request element included in the measurement request frame including the Measurement Request element. radio measurements can be performed sequentially.
  • the Measurement element may indicate control information related to transmission and response of a measurement request frame including the Measurement Request element as a combination of the Enable bit, Request bit, and Report bit of the Measurement element.
  • the Enable bit When the Enable bit is set to 1, the combination of the Request bit and the Report bit may indicate control information related to transmission and response of the measurement request frame including the Measurement element.
  • the enable bit of the measurement report element transmitted in response to the measurement request element is set to 0, and the request bit and report bit are set to reserved bits.
  • the Duration Mandatory bit indicates whether the measurement duration indicated by the Measurement Request element represents the mandatory measurement time.
  • the radio measurement request may indicate the duration of the measurement time interval as the measurement duration.
  • the measurement duration may indicate a mandatory measurement time.
  • a station receiving the Measurement Request element may perform radio measurement during at least the measurement duration. If the station receiving the Measurement Request element cannot perform radio measurement beyond the mandatory measurement time, the station receiving the Measurement Request element may transmit the Measurement Report element by setting the value of the Refused bit of the Measurement Report element to 1.
  • the measurement duration may indicate a preferred measurement time. If the measurement duration indicates the preferred measurement time, the station receiving the Measurement Request element can perform radio measurement regardless of the measurement duration. Accordingly, when the measurement duration indicates the preferred measurement time, the station receiving the Measurement Request element may perform radio measurement during a measurement time interval having a duration smaller than the measurement duration.
  • a station of a multi-link device may not accurately perform radio measurement in a non-monitoring time period.
  • the non-monitoring time interval from the measurement time interval, there is a high possibility that radio measurement cannot be performed for more than the mandatory measurement duration.
  • a station transmitting a Measurement Request element indicating a predetermined radio measurement to a station of a multi-link device may set a value of a Duration Mandatory bit of the Measurement Request element to 0.
  • the pre-designated radio measurement may be radio measurement that is difficult to perform in a non-monitoring time interval.
  • the predetermined radio measurement may include at least one of CCA measurement, RPI histogram measurement, channel load measurement, and noise histogram measurement.
  • the station of the multi-link device receiving the Measurement Request element may be allowed to perform radio measurement for a duration smaller than the mandatory measurement duration.
  • the station receiving the Measurement Request element may reject radio measurement. Specifically, if the measurement duration represents the mandatory measurement time and the measurement time interval indicated by the Measurement Request element overlaps the non-monitoring time interval, the station receiving the Measurement Request element sets the value of the Refused bit of the Measurement Report element to 1. Measurement Report element can be transmitted. This may be to prevent the requesting station, which has transmitted the Measurement Request element, from receiving a radio measurement report that has not been measured in a measurement time interval expected by the requesting station, thereby confusing radio measurement results.
  • 26(a) shows a format of a Measurement Report element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the Measurement Report element includes an Element ID field, a Length field, a Measurement Token field, a Measurement Report Mode field, a Measurement Type field, and a Measurement Report field.
  • the Element ID field indicates the type of element including the Element ID field.
  • the Element ID field of the Measurement Report element is set to 39.
  • the Measurement Token field is used to identify Measurement Report elements included in one spectrum/radio measurement response frame. Also, the value of the Measurement Token field is set to the value of the Measurement Token field of the Measurement Request element corresponding to the Measurement Report element. If the Measurement Report element is transmitted without a separate request, the value of the Measurement Token field is set to 0.
  • 26(b) shows the format of the Measurement Report Mode field according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the Measurement Report Mode field may include at least one of a Late bit, an Incapable bit, a Refuse bit, and an MLD Constraint bit.
  • Each of the Late bit, Incapable bit, Refuse bit, and MLD Constraint bit indicates the reason why the station transmitting the Measurement Report element failed to perform radio measurement.
  • the late bit indicates that the time when the station receiving the radio measurement request received the radio measurement request was late to perform radio measurement.
  • the Late bit indicates that the time when the station receiving the radio measurement request received the radio measurement request was late to perform radio measurement. If the station receives the Measurement Request element later than the radio measurement start time indicated by the Measurement Request element, the station may transmit the Measurement Report element by setting the Late bit value to 1.
  • the Incapable bit indicates that the station receiving the radio measurement request cannot perform radio measurement. Specifically, when the value of the Incapable bit is 1, the Incapable bit indicates that the station receiving the radio measurement request cannot perform radio measurement indicated by the Measurement Request element. If the station cannot perform the radio measurement indicated by the Measurement Request element, the station may transmit the Measurement Report element by setting the value of the Incapable bit to 1.
  • the Refused bit indicates that the station receiving the radio measurement request rejected the radio measurement. Specifically, when the value of the Refused bit is 1, the Refused bit indicates that the station receiving the radio measurement request rejected the radio measurement.
  • the station may transmit the Measurement Report element by setting the value of the Refused bit to 1.
  • the MLD Constraints bit indicates that the station receiving the radio measurement request could not perform radio measurement due to the characteristics of the multi-link device. If the station cannot perform the radio measurement indicated by the Measurement Request element whose MLD Constraints bit is 1 due to the characteristics of the multi-link device that includes the station, the station sets the MLD Constraints bit to 1 and reports the Measurement Report. elements can be transmitted.
  • the Measurement Report element does not include the Measurement Report field.
  • the values of the other subfields may be set to 0 in principle.
  • the value of the Refused bit and the value of the MLD Constraints bit may be set to 1 at the same time. Specifically, when the station receives the Measurement Request element and cannot perform radio measurement due to the characteristics of the multi-link device that includes the station for a duration longer than the measurement duration indicated by the Measurement Request element, the station sets the value of the Refused bit and the MLD Constraints All bits can be set to 1.
  • the measurement duration indicated by the Measurement Request element is included in a non-monitorable time interval
  • radio measurement can be performed only in a time interval shorter than the measurement duration indicated by the Measurement Request element, or the measurement duration indicated by the Measurement Request element is a predefined value. , for example, less than 1 TU, the station of the multi-link device may set the value of the Refused bit to 1. In this case, if the reason why the radio measurement cannot be performed during the measurement duration is due to the characteristics of the multi-link device, the station may set the value of the MLD Constraints bit to 1.
  • the value of the Refuse bit may be set to 1 only when a station of a multi-link device cannot perform radio measurement during the mandatory measurement duration indicated by the Measurement Request element. . That is, when the Measurement Report element includes the MLD Constraints bit, information indicated by the Refuse bit may be limited to whether radio measurement can be performed during the mandatory measurement duration indicated by the Measurement Request element.
  • the Measurement Request element indicates the preferred measurement duration
  • the duration of the time interval during which the multi-link device receiving the Measurement Request element can perform radio measurement indicated by the Measurement Request element is smaller than a predetermined value
  • the station is Refused. You can set the value of the bit to 1. This is because the legacy station cannot decode the value of the MLD constraint bit.
  • the predefined value may be 1 TU.
  • the format of the Measurement Request field of the Measurement Request element and the Measurement Report field of the Measurement Report element will be described with reference to FIGS. 27 to 30 . According to the measurement type indicated by the Measurement Request element, the information indicated by the Measurement Request field is different. Also, the format of the Measurement Report field varies according to the measurement type indicated by the Measurement Report element.
  • the Measurement Request field includes a Channel Number field, a Measurement Start Time field, and a Measurement Duration field.
  • the value of the Measurement Type field may be 1.
  • the Channel Number field indicates a channel on which CCA measurement is performed.
  • the Measurement Start Time field indicates the time at which CCA measurement starts. In this case, the Measurement Start Time field indicates a time at which CCA measurement starts using a time sync function (TSF) of the BSS.
  • TSF time sync function
  • the Measurement Duration field indicates the measurement duration of CCA measurement.
  • the Measurement Report field includes a Channel Number field, a Measurement Start Time field, a Measurement Duration field, and a CCA Busy Fraction field.
  • the value of the Measurement Type field may be 1.
  • the Channel Number field indicates a channel on which CCA measurement is performed.
  • the Measurement Start Time field indicates the start time of CCA measurement. At this time, the Measurement Start Time field indicates the time at which CCA measurement is started using a time sync function (TSF) of the BSS.
  • TSF time sync function
  • the Measurement Duration field indicates the measurement duration of the CCA measurement.
  • the CCA Busy Fraction field indicates the ratio of time during which the CCA result is detected as busy during the measurement duration.
  • FIG. 28 shows the format of the Measurement Request field included in the Measurement Request element when the Measurement Request element instructs RPI histogram measurement as a measurement type and the Measurement Report element included when the Measurement Report element indicates RPI histogram measurement as a measurement type. Shows the format of the Report field.
  • the Measurement Request field includes a Channel Number field, a Measurement Start Time field, and a Measurement Duration field.
  • the value of the Measurement Type field may be 2.
  • the Channel Number field indicates a channel for performing RPI histogram measurement.
  • the Measurement Start Time field indicates the start time of RPI histogram measurement. At this time, the Measurement Start Time field indicates the time at which the RPI histogram measurement starts using a time sync function (TSF) of the BSS.
  • TSF time sync function
  • the Measurement Duration field indicates the measurement duration of the RPI histogram measurement.
  • the Measurement Report field includes a Channel Number field, a Measurement Start Time field, a Measurement Duration field, and an RPI 0 Density subfield to an RPI 7 Density subfield.
  • the value of the Measurement Type field may be 2.
  • the Channel Number field indicates a channel on which CCA measurement is performed.
  • the Measurement Start Time field indicates the start time of CCA measurement. At this time, the Measurement Start Time field indicates the time at which CCA measurement is started using a time sync function (TSF) of the BSS.
  • the Measurement Duration field indicates the measurement duration of the CCA measurement.
  • Each of the RPI 0 Density subfield to the RPI 7 Density subfield indicates the ratio of the time interval in which the RPI level corresponding to the RPI 0 Density subfield to the RPI 7 Density subfield was sensed.
  • FIG. 29 shows the format of the Measurement Request field included in the Measurement Request element when the Measurement Request element indicates channel load measurement as a measurement type and the Measurement Report element included when the Measurement Report element indicates channel load measurement as a measurement type. Shows the format of the Report field.
  • the Measurement Request field includes an Operating Class field, a Channel Number field, a Randomization Interval field, and a Measurement Duration field.
  • the value of the Measurement Type field may be 3.
  • the Operating Class field indicates an operating class requesting measurement.
  • the Channel Number field indicates a channel on which channel load measurement is performed.
  • the Randomization Interval field indicates the maximum value of a random delay value applied before performing channel load measurement.
  • the Measurement Duration field indicates the measurement duration of channel load measurement.
  • the Measurement Report field includes an Operating Class field, a Channel Number field, an Actual Measurement Start Time field, a Measurement Duration field, and a Channel Load field.
  • the value of the Measurement Type field may be 3.
  • the Operating Class field indicates an operating class for which channel load measurement is requested.
  • the Channel Number field indicates a channel on which channel load measurement is performed.
  • the Actual Measurement Start Time field indicates the actual start time of channel load measurement. At this time, the Measurement Start Time field indicates the actual start time of channel load measurement using the TSF of the BSS.
  • the Measurement Duration field indicates a measurement time interval in which channel load measurement is performed.
  • Channel Load field Indicates the ratio of the busy time interval of the measurement target channel in the channel measurement interval. As described above, the fact that the measurement target channel is busy includes the fact that the virtual CS result of the measurement target channel is busy.
  • FIG. 30 shows the format of the Measurement Request field included in the Measurement Request element when the Measurement Request element instructs noise histogram measurement as a measurement type and the Measurement Report element included when the Measurement Report element indicates noise histogram measurement as a measurement type. Shows the format of the Report field.
  • the Measurement Request field includes Operating Class field, Channel Number field, Randomization Interval field, Measurement Duration field, Antenna ID field, ANPI field, and IPI 0 Density subfield to IPI 10 field. Contains the Density subfield.
  • the value of the Measurement Type field may be 4.
  • the Operating Class field indicates an operating class requesting measurement.
  • the Channel Number field indicates a channel for performing noise histogram measurement.
  • the Randomization Interval field indicates the maximum value of the random delay value applied before performing the noise histogram measurement.
  • the Measurement Duration field indicates the measurement duration of the noise histogram measurement.
  • Antenna ID field Indicates the number of antennas used for noise histogram measurement.
  • the ANPI field indicates the average ANPI value measured at the measured cigar price.
  • Each of the IPI 0 Density subfield to the IPI 10 Density subfield indicates the ratio of the time interval in which the IPI level corresponding to the IPI 0 Density subfield to the IPI 10 Density subfield was sensed.
  • a value of a field indicating a measurement duration in the Measurement Report element may be set in units of TUs.
  • the calculated measurement duration is not an integer in units of TUs, a method of setting a value of a field indicating a measurement time interval is problematic.
  • the station may round down the calculated measurement duration to set a value of a field indicating the measurement duration. At this time, the station may report only measurement results measured in a time interval corresponding to a measurement duration value rounded down from the Measurement Report element.
  • the station rounds off the calculated measurement duration and may set the value of the field indicating the measurement duration.
  • the station may report only measurement results measured in a time interval corresponding to a measurement duration value rounded down by a rounding operation in the Measurement Report element.
  • the station can report only the measurement result measured in the time interval during which the actual measurement was performed in the Measurement Report element.
  • the station may round up the calculated measurement duration and set the value of the field indicating the measurement duration.
  • the station may report only measurement results measured in a time interval corresponding to the measurement duration value rounded down in the Measurement Report element. For example, when the measurement duration calculated by the station is 10.6 Tus, the station may set the value of the Measurement Duration field of the Measurement Report element to 10 TU. At this time, the station may report only measurement results measured in a time interval corresponding to 10 TUs using the Measurement Report element. For example, the station may calculate the measurement duration of CCA measurement as 10.6 TU and set the value of the Measurement Duration field to 10 TU.
  • the station may report the ratio of time when the CCA result for the measurement target channel is detected as busy in the time interval corresponding to 10 TU in the Measurement Report element.
  • the CCA result of the time interval corresponding to the discarded duration due to the rounding operation is not reflected in the Measurement Report element.
  • the time interval corresponding to the discarded duration due to the rounding operation may be a time interval corresponding to the discarded duration from the start point in the interval in which the radio measurement was performed.
  • the time interval corresponding to the discarded duration due to the rounding operation may be the latest time interval from the end of the interval in which the radio measurement was performed to the previous time by the discarded duration.
  • the time interval corresponding to the discarded duration due to the rounding operation may be randomly selected by the station.
  • the station may be obliged to select a time interval corresponding to the discarded duration due to the rounding operation so that the measurement result is not distorted.
  • the time interval corresponding to the duration discarded due to the rounding operation may be randomly selected by the station.
  • the station can report only the measurement result measured in the time interval during which the actual measurement was performed in the Measurement Report element. For example, even if the measurement duration calculated by the station is 10.6 TU and the value of the Measurement Duration field is set to 11 TU, the station can report only radio measurement results measured in a time interval corresponding to 10.6 TU in the Measurement Report element.
  • the station When a station is disassociated from a BSS to which the station belongs, the station may discard and not perform radio measurement that has not yet been performed. This is because the radio measurement result cannot be reported because the association is released from the BSS to which the station belonged. In the case of a station of a multi-link device, a situation in which a radio measurement result cannot be reported may occur not only when coupling is released from the BSS but also in other cases. At this time, the operation of the station of the multi-link device will be described.
  • the station may discard the radio measurement request. At this time, the station may stop performing radio measurement. This is because the station cannot report the results of radio measurements when the link is deactivated.
  • the station may discard the radio measurement request.
  • the station may stop performing radio measurement.
  • the station may discard the radio measurement request when the link on which the station operates is deactivated. Also, the station may stop performing radio measurements when the link on which the station operates becomes inactive.
  • the station may discard the radio measurement request. At this time, the station may stop performing radio measurement.
  • the case in which the station is disassociated from the BSS to which the station belongs may include at least one of a case in which a disassociation frame is received from the associated AP and a case in which the station is coupled to a BSS other than the BSS to which the station belongs.
  • An inactive link is a link that does not have a TID mapped to the link.
  • the AP multi-link device may map a TID to each of a plurality of links in which the AP multi-link device operates, and exchange only traffic corresponding to the TID mapped to the corresponding link on each of the plurality of links.
  • the AP multi-link device may transmit a management frame including a TID-to-Link mapping element, for example, a beacon frame or a probe response frame.
  • a TID-to-Link mapping element indicates information about a TID mapped to a link. Links for which TID mapping is not indicated by the TID-to-Link mapping element are inactive links.
  • the AP multi-link device may transmit a TID-to-Link mapping element in which the TID is not mapped to the specific link.
  • the TID-to-Link mapping element may include a time point at which TID-to-Link mapping indicated by the TID-to-Link mapping element is applied.
  • the AP multi-link device may transmit the RNR element by setting the value of the Disabled Link Indication subfield corresponding to the specific link to 1.
  • the AP multi-link device may remove an AP belonging to the AP multi-link device. Accordingly, when the AP to which the station is coupled is removed from the AP multi-link device, the station may discard the radio measurement request. At this time, the station may stop performing radio measurement. In a specific embodiment, when the station receives information indicating that the associated AP is to be removed from the AP multi-link device, the station may discard the radio measurement request. Also, when the station receives information indicating that the associated AP is to be removed from the AP multi-link device, the station may stop performing radio measurement.
  • the AP multi-link device may remove an AP belonging to the AP multi-link device by transmitting a management frame including a reconfiguration multi-link element, for example, a beacon frame or a probe response frame.
  • a multi-link device operating in the first link and the second link may request radio measurement performed in the second link by transmitting a measurement request frame in the first link.
  • the measurement token value of the Measurement Request element included in the measurement request frame may be managed at the multi-link device level.
  • the value of the measurement token of the Measurement Request element may be limited to a unique value in the multi-link device. For example, a multi-link device needs to set a measurement token value of a Measurement Request element for radio measurement performed on a first link and a measurement token value of a Measurement Request element for radio measurement performed on a second link differently.
  • the multi-link device may allocate a value of a measurement token of a Measurement Request element requesting a corresponding radio measurement to a new Measurement Request element.
  • the multi-link device may request radio measurement performed in a plurality of links by transmitting one Measurement Request element.
  • the Measurement Request element may include fields indicating a plurality of channels.
  • the Measurement Request element may include a plurality of Channel Number fields.
  • the field indicating the first channel of the Measurement Request element may be the Channel Number field described in FIGS. 27 to 30, and fields indicating channels other than the first channel may be located after the Measurement Request field.
  • the Measurement Request element may include a field indicating information about the number of channels indicated by the Measurement Request element.
  • the field indicating information on the number of channels may be at least one of specific bits of the Measurement Request Mode field, for example, B5 to B7.
  • Information about the number of channels may be the number of channels.
  • Information on the number of channels may be information indicating that the Measurement Request element indicates a plurality of channels.
  • the format of the Measurement Request element exchanged between multi-link devices can be distinguished from the format described above.
  • a value different from a value identifying a type of radio measurement used when a station not belonging to a multi-link device transmits a Measurement Request element may be used for a Measurement Request element exchanged between multi-link devices.
  • the value of the radio measurement type used when a station not belonging to a multi-link device transmits a Measurement Request element indicating CCA measurement is 1, but it is used for a Measurement Request element indicating CCA measurement exchanged between multi-link devices.
  • the value of the type of measurement to be performed may be a value other than 1. Values of the type used in the Measurement Request element indicating CCA measurement exchanged between multi-link devices may be specified in 17 to 254.
  • the Measurement Request field of the Measurement Request element exchanged between multi-link devices may include fields indicating one or more channels or links.
  • a field indicating one or more channels or links is referred to as a link indicator field.
  • the link indicator field may have a bitmap format. Specifically, the link indicator field has a size of 2 octets, each of a plurality of bits of the link indicator field is mapped to each of a plurality of links, and each of a plurality of bits indicates whether radio measurement is requested in a link mapped to each of a plurality of bits. can do.
  • a Measurement Request element including a link indicator field may be identified as a separate type.
  • a value of a type identifying a Measurement Request element including a link indicator field may be 17.
  • the Measurement Request element may include a plurality of Measurement Request fields indicating radio measurements requested for each of a plurality of links.
  • the plurality of Measurement Request fields of the Measurement Request element may be sequentially mapped to a bit set to 1 among a plurality of bits of the link indicator field.
  • the measurement request frame may include the link indicator field described above.
  • the measurement request frame may include a plurality of Measurement Request elements indicating radio measurement performed on each of a plurality of links indicated by the link indicator.
  • a plurality of Measurement Request elements included in the measurement request frame may be sequentially mapped to a bit set to 1 among a plurality of bits of the link indicator field.
  • the 4-bit value included in the link indicator field is 0101 2b
  • the first Measurement Request element included in the Measurement Request element is mapped to the second bit of the link indicator field
  • the second Measurement Request element included in the Measurement Request element is mapped to the fourth bit of the link indicator field.
  • a station of a multi-link device may transmit a measurement report frame including a plurality of measurement report elements.
  • the measurement report frame may include a plurality of Measurement Report elements including radio measurement results performed in different links.
  • the type of measurement indicated by the Measurement Report element may be set as the type of measurement indicated by the Measurement Request element.
  • the present invention has been described by taking wireless LAN communication as an example, but the present invention is not limited thereto and may be equally applied to other communication systems such as cellular communication. Also, although the method, apparatus, and system of the present invention have been described with reference to specific embodiments, some or all of the components and operations of the present invention may be implemented using a computer system having a general-purpose hardware architecture.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Est divulgué un appareil à multiples liaisons comprenant une première station fonctionnant dans une première liaison et une deuxième station fonctionnant dans une deuxième liaison. L'appareil à multiples liaisons comprend une unité d'émission-réception et un processeur. Le processeur effectue une mesure radio dans la première liaison, incorpore un résultat de la mesure radio dans une première trame de rapport de mesure, et transmet la première trame de rapport de mesure à une troisième station. Si la mesure radio est effectuée à un intervalle de temps comprenant un intervalle de temps de surveillance impossible de la première liaison, alors la première trame de rapport de mesure ne comprend pas un résultat de la mesure radio effectuée dans l'intervalle de temps de surveillance impossible de la première liaison.
PCT/KR2022/013008 2021-08-31 2022-08-31 Procédé de communication sans fil utilisant de multiples liaisons et terminal de communication sans fil utilisant le procédé WO2023033532A1 (fr)

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Citations (1)

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KR20100028636A (ko) * 2007-07-06 2010-03-12 엘지전자 주식회사 무선 통신 시스템에서의 라디오 측정 절차

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