WO2023031962A1 - Battery pack for electric vehicle - Google Patents

Battery pack for electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023031962A1
WO2023031962A1 PCT/IN2022/050774 IN2022050774W WO2023031962A1 WO 2023031962 A1 WO2023031962 A1 WO 2023031962A1 IN 2022050774 W IN2022050774 W IN 2022050774W WO 2023031962 A1 WO2023031962 A1 WO 2023031962A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cell pack
pack
battery
cell
battery pack
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2022/050774
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Abraham Joseph
Sunil MOTILAL PATEL
Kuriyan Arimboor
Atmaram DATTATRAYA SAMANT
Original Assignee
Bajaj Auto Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bajaj Auto Limited filed Critical Bajaj Auto Limited
Publication of WO2023031962A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023031962A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/284—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with incorporated circuit boards, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to field of Battery. More particularly, the present invention relates to the field of Battery packing. Exemplary, the present invention relates to the field of thermal management and sealing of a battery pack for an electrical vehicle. The usage of the battery pack has applications in other fields.
  • the packing of a battery greatly influences important performance parameters like lifetime, ruggedness, safety and cost.
  • the battery pack is made up of plurality of battery cells installed together.
  • the battery pack When the battery pack is charged and discharged/drained owing to usage, heat is generated in the battery cells and disregarding this heat causes the battery performance to deteriorate, eventually shortening the battery life. With an increased number of battery cells, the battery pack can provide greater output voltages and thus, charge and discharge at high currents. As the temperature of the battery system rises during charging and discharging at high currents, forced cooling via air or coolant is used. Air cooling is highly favored for its overall performance like light weight, low cost, long life. The principle of convection is used to transport heat away from the battery pack via air cooling. The heat released by the pack will be carried away by the air as it passes over the surface of the cells. Air cooling is a simple and easy process.
  • the battery packing comprises of honeycomb structured cell holders assembled as a stack and housed in a single casing.
  • Battery management system is mounted on the cell pack and complete assembly is made leak-proof for dust and water entry.
  • problems associated with them One significant problem is that it makes cell pack bigger in size and hence difficult to uniformly cool all the cells. Also, since everything is seal packed in a single compartment, forced air passing around cells cannot be used for cooling.
  • a fan assembly along with battery management system (BMS) is provided within the battery cell compartment making it more vulnerable to safety and technical related issues.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide homogeneous cooling of battery pack by circulating air around the cell packs utilizing distinct air flow channels within the battery pack.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide a protection system for water and dust leakage or any foreign substances entering the cell packs.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide compact, less costly and safe battery pack system.
  • the present invention provides a battery pack, comprising: plurality of cell pack assemblies each having plurality of cells; plurality of cell pack housings configured to contain at least one cell pack assembly; plurality of covering members to cover the plurality of cell pack assemblies; wherein the cell pack housings and the covering members are assembled to create plurality of air flow channels around the cell pack assemblies for thermal management and are sealed to prevent entry of any foreign substance into the cell pack assemblies.
  • the cell pack assemblies comprise an upper cell pack and a lower cell pack including plurality of cells, wherein the upper cell pack is placed in an upper cell pack housing, and the lower cell pack is placed in a lower cell pack housing and the upper cell housing is assembled with lower cell pack housing such that at least an air flow channel is created between the upper cell pack and the lower cell pack.
  • the plurality of cells having positive terminal oriented towards one direction and negative terminal oriented towards opposite direction and wherein the positive terminal is connected by top busbar and the negative terminal connected by bottom busbar.
  • the top and bottom busbars are provided with plurality of thermal pads.
  • the covering members comprises an upper plate used to cover and seal the upper cell pack housing and a middle plate used to cover and seal the lower cell pack housing.
  • At least one side of the upper cell pack housing, the lower cell pack housing, the upper plate and the middle plate, comprises insulation sheets to prevent any electric shocks.
  • the upper plate attached to a top cover such that at least an airflow channel is created for air flow.
  • the lower cell pack housing is attached with a bottom cover such that at least an airflow channel is created for air flow.
  • the bottom cover is provided with plurality of dampers to protect the battery pack from any vibration.
  • the cell pack assemblies and the cell pack housings are covered and sealed from front and rear side using covering members comprising a front cover and a back cover respectively.
  • the front cover and the back cover include plurality of apertures to allow air flow through the plurality of airflow channels.
  • At least one of the plates, cell pack housings or covers are provided with a mounting provision for mounting a Battery Management System outside cell pack assemblies.
  • the Battery Management System is mounted on the cell pack front cover and enclosed by a battery cover to form a compartment, wherein the battery cover is sealed to the cell pack front cover for preventing entry of any foreign substance into the compartment.
  • the cell pack back cover is provided with a mounting arrangement for mounting an external fan assembly to enhance the air flow across the cell pack housings.
  • At least one surface of the upper plate, middle plate, the upper cell pack housing and the lower cell pack housing are provided with fins for heat dissipation.
  • the fins are provided within at least an air flow channel having increased fin depth gradually from the air inlet aperture side towards the air outlet aperture side for enhanced heat dissipation.
  • the cell pack assemblies comprises plurality of thermistor sensors terminating to the Battery Management System for temperature monitoring.
  • the cell pack housings, plates and covers are provided with mounting arrangement for mounting on two, three or four wheeled vehicles fastened to the chassis of a vehicle.
  • the present invention provides a method for assembling battery pack comprises, placing plurality of cells in plurality of cell pack assemblies; inserting at least one cell pack assembly in plurality of cell pack housings; covering the cell pack assemblies with plurality of covering members; assembling the cell pack housings, the covering members to create plurality of air flow channels around the cell pack assemblies for thermal management, and sealing the cell pack assemblies for preventing entry of any foreign substances.
  • Fig.l illustrates an exploded view of a battery pack, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a cell arrangement pattern in the cell holder, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig.3 illustrates thermistor sensors placed across cell cavity channels, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig.4 illustrates bus bar placement over the cell pack, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig.5 depicts the electrical connection scheme in the respective cell packs and thermal pad assembly on the respective cell packs, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig.6 depicts upper cell pack compartment placed in the cell pack housing, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig.7 illustrates lower cell pack compartment placed in the cell pack housing, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig.8 depicts a bottom cover placed below the lower cell pack housing, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig.9 illustrates a cell pack back cover arrangement, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig.10 depicts a fan cover assembly, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig.11 illustrates a battery management system compartment getting sealed to the cell pack compartments, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig.12 illustrates the battery management system assembly, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig.13 illustrates a battery cover assembly, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig.14A and Fig.14B depicts plurality of air flow channels across the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig .15 illustrates plurality of sealing applied to the various parts of the battery, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the present invention provides a battery pack (100) suitable for use in variety of applications and preferably to any types of vehicles (such as an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), a fuel cell vehicle, and the like) includes a battery and a cooling system that cools the battery through a cooling fan.
  • a battery pack (100) suitable for use in variety of applications and preferably to any types of vehicles (such as an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), a fuel cell vehicle, and the like) includes a battery and a cooling system that cools the battery through a cooling fan.
  • the technology described here caters to thermal management of battery pack (100) and provide effective sealing (360) to the entire battery pack (100), thus preventing cells and battery management system (400) of the battery pack (100) from direct exposure to dust and water.
  • Fig.1. illustrates an exploded view of battery pack (100) according to one of the embodiments of the present disclosure, comprising two sets of cell packs named as an upper cell pack (120), a lower cell pack (130), comprising cylindrical Lithium- Ion cells (104).
  • An upper cell pack housing (140) and a lower cell pack housing (150) are provided to accommodate the upper cell pack (120) and the lower cell pack (130) respectively.
  • An upper plate (170) and a middle plate (180) may form covering for the upper cell pack housing (140) and the lower cell pack housing (150) respectively.
  • the battery pack (100) is covered from top and bottom side using a top plate (175) and a bottom plate (230).
  • the front and rear side of the battery pack (100) are enclosed using a cell pack front cover (260) and a cell pack back cover (310).
  • the plates/ covers (170, 175, 230, 180, 260, 310) and the cell pack housing (140, 150) used to enclose the cell packs (120, 130) are provided such that plurality of air flow channels (1, 2, 3) are created around them. Further, the air flow channels (1, 2. 3) provided within the battery pack are sealed such that the cells (104) are prevented from direct exposure to water or dust.
  • a fan assembly (300) is provided with a mounting arrangement for mounting on the cell pack back cover (310) to supply air for thermal management of the cell packs (120, 130), wherein the air is channelized through the air flow channels (1, 2, 3).
  • the cell packs (120, 130) are provided with a plurality of thermal pads (160) to enhance the thermal management of battery pack (100).
  • the battery pack (100) is provided with a battery management system (BMS) (400) mounted within a BMS compartment (250), such that the BMS compartment (250) is created towards front side of the battery pack (100) and covered using a battery cover (350).
  • BMS battery management system
  • the mounting arrangement of each component of the battery pack (100) is further explained herein below in subsequent paragraphs.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the cell pack assembly (101/ 102) comprising the plurality of cells (104) arranged in such a way that positive side of each cell (104) is oriented in one direction and the negative side of the cells (104) orients in another direction preferably opposite direction.
  • All the cells (104) are assembled and held using cell holders (115a, 115b) to form a cell pack assembly (101, 102).
  • the cell holders (115a, 115b) are preferably made of honeycomb structure and may be joined together by means of a lock, preferably pip locking to form the cell pack assembly (101, 102).
  • the positive terminal (104a) of one brick and negative terminal (104b) of another brick may be oriented in a similar direction of the respective cell pack assembly (101, 102) and a side link (501) may connect the two bricks in series accordingly.
  • each cell pack assembly (101, 102) may comprise of plurality of thermistor sensors (270) inserted into cavity (280) of the cell pack assembly (101, 102) and fixed to the cavity (280) by a fixing means.
  • the cell pack assembly (101, 102) has a lateral layout along the length and breadth of the battery pack (100).
  • the thermistor sensors (270) may be routed in the provided cavity (280).
  • An adhesive for example- thermal paste
  • the bead of thermistor sensor (270) may be inserted such that bead tip is halfway along the length of the cell pack assembly (101, 102).
  • the outer end of the thermistor sensors (270) from each of the cell pack assembly (101, 102) may be bunched to form at least one cell pack harness connectors (290) for each cell pack assembly (101, 102).
  • Fig 4 illustrates the cells pack assembly (101, 102) comprising plurality of cells (104) provided in parallel connection. All positive terminals (104a) of cells (104) are oriented towards top side of the battery pack (100) and connected using plurality of the top bus bars (105) and the negative terminals (104b) of cells (104) are oriented towards bottom side of the battery pack (100) and connected using plurality of bottom bus bars (110), this makes electrical connections convenient.
  • the bus bars (105) are provided with insulation for the cell pack assembly (101, 102) that may form both the ends for the cell pack assembly (101, 102).
  • Each cell assembly (101, 102) comprises plurality of cell bricks formed of plurality of cells mounted in a single row.
  • the busbars (105, 110) can be attached to the cell packs by means of welding or any other means.
  • the busbar placement can be done one by one carefully from left to right or from right to left of the cell pack assembly (101, 102) keeping in view that the thermistor sensors (270) are not pinched or damaged by placement of the bus bars (105).
  • the thermistor sensors (270) are routed between the channels provided between the bus bars (105).
  • the plurality of cells (104) provided within the cell packs (120, 130) may be further connected using a plurality of side links (501) and harness lugs assembly (510).
  • the positive terminal (104a) of each cell (104) from each brick of the cell packs (120, 130) are clubbed to form a common terminal.
  • all the negative terminals (104b) of the cells are clubbed to form a common terminal.
  • the positive and negative terminals (104a, 104b) of the adjacent brick are connected by means of a side link (501), thereby forming a series connection.
  • Series connection can be provided on both the lateral sides of the cell packs (120, 130) to ensure symmetric current sharing by cells (104) and symmetric flow of current through the circuit that improves cell balancing, which in turn improves performance and lifecycle of battery.
  • the upper and lower cell packs (120, 130) may be connected in series by two sealed connecting links (550) preferably provided on either side of the cell packs (120, 130).
  • Orientation of side links (501) can be different but preferably same on side surfaces of the cell packs (120, 130). This helps in ensuring that the cells (104) are electrically insulated and does not get short-circuited.
  • the side links (501) are to be separated from each other to prevent short circuits and sparks, which in turn imparts effective electrical insulation to the cell packs (120, 130).
  • the thermal pads (160, 161) may be used above all the bus bars (105) on both the cell pack assembly (101, 102) to extract heat from cell and conduct it to the cell pack housing (140, 150).
  • the thermal pads (160, 161) preferably may be made of silicon rubber and can be assembled onto the negative side & aligned centrally onto the bus bars (105).
  • the thermal pad (160) assembly on positive side may be performed after placement of the cell pack (101, 102).
  • the plastic sheets covering the thermal pads (160, 161) may be removed before placement of the thermal pads (160) on the bus bars (105).
  • Plurality of button type small rectangular patch of thermal pad material (not shown) may be provided on the positive side cell tabs. It acts as sealing to hot gases coming out of cells (104). In an event where a particular cell undergoes thermal runaway, this configuration avoids propagation of thermal runaway phenomenon to adjacent cells.
  • FIG. 7 representing assembly of upper and lower cell pack (120).
  • the cell packs (120) can be placed into the cell pack housings (140, 150) by aligning a dowel position and preventing the side bolts from touching the cell pack housing walls.
  • Both the cell packs (120, 130) may be assembled in separate cell pack housings (140, 150), preferably made of aluminium.
  • the upper cell pack housing (140) and the lower cell pack housing (150) forms enclosure for the respective upper cell pack (120) and the lower cell pack (130).
  • Insulation sheet (not shown) may be placed on top surface of the upper plate (170) and the middle plate (180). The insulation sheet may also be placed on inner surfaces (205) of housings that houses the cell pack assembly.
  • the top cover (175) and the upper plate (170) may be attached together and sealed (360) with the upper cell pack housing (140) after placing the upper cell pack (120) in the upper cell pack housing (140).
  • the middle plate (180) may be sealed with the lower cell pack housing (150) after placing the lower cell pack (130) in the lower cell pack housing (150).
  • the sealing (360) described for these components preferably a liquid sealant (locksite- SI 5699) although other type of sealants may also be used that gives adequate protection to prevent the entry of dust and water into the cell pack assembly (101, 102).
  • the sealant bead thickness must be uniform and continuous.
  • the two cell packs (120, 130) placed in the respective housings may be stacked one over the other by means of screw and bolt arrangement.
  • FIG 8 illustrative perspective view of the bottom cover (230) from bottom side.
  • the bottom cover (230) may be placed below the lower cell pack housing (150) and a plurality of dampers (240) can be inserted below the bottom cover (230) to protect the battery pack (100) from any vibration and shocks, arising out of the vehicle movement.
  • FIG 9 representing the cell pack back cover (310).
  • the fan assembly (300) including a fan cover (325) may be finally bolted to the cell pack back cover (310).
  • FIG 11 representing front side battery pack details according to one of the embodiments of invention.
  • a separate Battery Management system (400) may be preferred.
  • the front side of battery pack is covered using the front pack cell cover (260) and fixed using cover bolting (1140).
  • the cell pack front cover (260) is further sealed with a silicone rubber sealant.
  • the front pack cell cover (260) is provided with a mounting arrangement for mounting a battery management system (BMS) (400), preferably at the opposite end of the external fan assembly (300).
  • BMS battery management system
  • the front pack cell cover (260) further creates a dedicated compartment (250) for mounting of the battery management system (400) that is separate from the battery cell pack assembly (120, 130). This helps in creating an electrical isolation between BMS (400) and the battery pack assembly.
  • the battery Management System (400) may be composed of fuse and other electrical components whose operation is sensitive to temperature. Separate compartment for the battery Management System ensures no heat transfer to the battery Management System from cells (104) and vice versa, for improved safety.
  • the battery management system compartment (250) may be sealed with silicone rubber sealant to the cell pack front cover (260).
  • Fig 12 illustrating the Battery Management System (400) mounted on Battery Management System holder (not shown).
  • the wiring harness of the battery cell pack (120, 130) is connected to the mating connector (292) of the BMS (400) through a wiring harness connector.
  • the BMS may be provided with a battery sub assembly (402) on the Battery management system (400) and sealed with silicone rubber sealant.
  • the battery management system sub assembly (402) may be bolted to the Battery management system (400).
  • the battery cover (350) may be disposed and sealed to the battery management system compartment (250) (as illustrated in Fig. 12) to provide a covering to it. Further, a cap connector (1360) may be assembled on a connector assembly (not shown). Protection is ensured for Battery Management System (400) by providing sealing (360) between the battery cover (350) and the Battery Management System holder. This ensures that electrical circuitry of the BMS (400) is not affected by moisture, dirt or any other foreign particles. This ensures long life and durability of the Battery Management System (400).
  • the air flow channels (1, 2, 3) are formed around the battery cell packs (120, 130).
  • the upper and the lower cell pack housing (140, 150), the middle plate (180) are assembled to create the air flow channels (1, 2, 3) around the battery pack (120, 130).
  • the upper cell pack housing (140) and the upper plate (170) along with top cover (175) are assembled to create the upper air flow channel (1) on the top of upper cell pack (120).
  • the upper cell pack housing (140) and the middle plate (180) are assembled to create the middle air flow channel (2) between the two cell packs (120, 130).
  • the bottom air flow channel (3) is created below the lower cell pack (130) using the lower cell pack housing (150) and the bottom cover (230).
  • the fan assembly (300) induces forced air towards the battery cell packs (120, 130) which flows through the air flow channels (1, 2 and 3).
  • the air enters into the battery pack (100) through small inlets in the form of inlet apertures (330, 331,332) provided on the cell pack back cover (310).
  • the air flows through the air flow channels (1, 2, 3) and exits from the outer apertures (261, 262, 263) provided on the cell pack front cover (260). Air may be forced through these air flow channels (1, 2, 3) by using the external fan (300).
  • Heat is conducted from cell through the thermal pads (160) to the cell pack housings and to the air flowing in the air flow channels (1, 2, 3).
  • the cells are oriented vertically with all positive terminals (104a) on top side and all negative terminals (104b) on bottom side, it is critical to provide the air flow channels along the top and bottom side to achieve effective cooling.
  • the air flow channels (1, 2, 3) are having access to a number of surfaces of the cell pack assemblies including cell pack housings (140, 150), covering members (170, 230).
  • Multiple temperature sensors are provided in core of the battery pack (100) (both on upper and lower cell packs) to monitor the battery pack (100) temperature. Based on their feedback, air is passed around cell packs to maintain temperature of the cells.
  • the fan assembly (300) may be provided on the BMS side or front side of the battery pack (100). The fan may be either induced fan or a forced fan.
  • a plurality of fins (220) provided on the upper plate (170), the middle plate (180) and below the upper cell pack housing (140) and the lower cell pack housing (150).
  • the fins (220) may be tapered axially, along the length from air inlet towards air outlet providing enhanced surface area contact for effective heat dissipation between the top cover (175) and the upper plate (170), between the upper cell pack housing (140) and the middle plate (180), between the lower cell pack housing (150) and the bottom cover (230).
  • the fins (220) may have a gradual increase in depth moving towards the air outlet. This is necessitated due to the even distribution of heat dissipation of the cell pack.
  • Increased fin depth towards the air outlet can provide more heat dissipation and hence effective cooling of the cell pack.
  • the heat generated by the cell packs (120, 130) may be easily dissipated towards air inlet side, as this side being near to the fan assembly (300). Therefore, the fin depth may be shorter in this region, whereas the heat generation of the cell pack (120, 130) is higher towards air outlet side, as this side being away from the fan assembly (300), hence higher fin depth is provided. This also helps in substantial reduction is material used for the fins (220) thereby reducing its weight and saving cost.
  • the plurality of sealing (360) is provided around the battery cell pack at various locations including the air flow channels (1, 2, 3), the upper and the lower cell pack housing (140, 150) and the plurality of plates (170, 180) and the covers (170, 230), the BMS compartment (250), the front and the rear cover (260, 310).
  • This ensures that the entire battery pack (100) renders an Ingress Protection and hence achieves an IP67 rating, which confirms total protection of the battery cells (104) against dust and protection from the effects of immersion in water level between 15cm and Im up to thirty minutes.
  • the cell pack assembly (101, 102) may have cells (104), whose respective terminals may face the sides other than top or bottom of the battery pack (100).
  • the arrangement described in this embodiment may further necessitate the air flow along the width of the battery pack (100).
  • a method for assembling battery pack (100) may comprise of placing plurality of cells (104) in a plurality of cell pack assembly (101, 102), orienting the positive terminal (104a) of cells (104) towards one direction and negative terminal (104b) towards the other direction, cell pack compartment may be secured by means of pip locking in a cell holder assembly; plurality of thermistor sensors (270) may be slide into the a cavity (280) and attaching it with the surface of the cavity (280).
  • plurality of busbars (105, 110) may be placed on top, and bottom of the cell pack assembly (101, 102) and appending it by means of welding or any other fixation means; further side link and harness lugs assembly may be provided in the cell pack assembly (101, 102) to position the cell pack in the proper place.
  • the thermal pads (160, 161) may be assembled onto the negative terminal (104b) direction and may be aligned centrally onto the busbars (105, 110) and insulation sheets may be pasted respectively on at-least one surface over the upper plate (170), middle plate (180), upper cell pack housing (140), lower cell pack housing (150) keeping in consideration to prevent any air bubble or gap between the insulation sheet and respective structures.
  • the cell pack assembly (101, 104) may be lowered into the housing (140, 150) by aligning dowel position and preventing the side bolts from touching the housing walls at any point.
  • the thermal pads (160, 161) may be assembled onto the positive terminal (104a) direction and alignment performed centrally onto the busbars (105, 110) after insertion of cell packs into respective housings.
  • the top cover (175) may be attached with the upper plate (170) and may be sealed together with the said upper cell pack housing (140).
  • the middle plate (180) may be sealed with the lower cell pack housing (150).
  • Plurality of tapered fins (220-223) may be placed axially, along the lateral direction from air inlet towards air outlet providing enhanced air flow channels.
  • the bottom cover (230) may be fastened to the lower cell pack housing (150) and a damper (240) may be inserted below the said bottom cover (230).
  • the cell pack assemblies (101, 104) may be stacked one over the other and bolted together.
  • the external fan assembly (300) may be affixed with the cell pack back cover (310).
  • the battery management system compartment (250) may be fastened with the cell pack front cover.
  • the upper cell pack (120) and the lower cell pack (130) may be sealed to the cell pack front cover (260) and the cell pack back cover (310).
  • the top cell pack harness connector (290) and the bottom cell pack harness connector (291) may be connected to an upper mating connector (292) and a lower mating connector (293) respectively in the Battery management system compartment (250).
  • the battery sub- assembly (400), inside the Battery management system compartment (250) may be sealed to the battery cover (350); and also, the battery management system compartment (250) and the battery cover (350) may be sealed to the cell pack front cover (260).
  • the cell pack housing (140, 150) covers (175, 230, 260, 310), plates (170, 180) of the battery pack (100) may be provided with suitable mounting arrangement including dampers (240) for mounting or installing on two, three or four wheeled vehicles preferably with a battery mounting system including a battery tray fastened by means of nut and bolted to the chassis of the vehicle.
  • dampers (240) for mounting or installing on two, three or four wheeled vehicles preferably with a battery mounting system including a battery tray fastened by means of nut and bolted to the chassis of the vehicle.
  • the challenge of achieving sealing along with thermal management of battery pack (100) by forced air cooling is resolved in the present invention. Further, placement of cell pack assembly (101, 102) vertically one above the other and thereby uniformly cooling it by forced air circulation through plurality of surfaces of cell pack housings (140, 150), covering members (170, 230) is a challenge that is solved by the present invention.
  • the battery pack assembly (100) of present invention provides lightweight, simpler and compact assembly with lower cost. The assembly is easy to manufacture with less number of casings used for battery packaging. Furthermore, in the present invention the efficiency, functionality and durability of the battery pack (100) is improved because of better thermal management.

Abstract

The present invention discloses a battery pack, comprising plurality of cell pack assemblies (101, 102) each having plurality of cells (104); plurality of cell pack housings (140, 150) configured to contain the individual cell pack assemblies (101, 102); wherein plurality of the cell pack assemblies (101, 102) are covered using plurality of plates (170, 180) and covers (175, 230, 260, 310); wherein the cell pack housings (140, 150), the plates (170, 180) and the covers (175, 230) assembled to create plurality of air flow channels (1, 2, 3) around the cell pack assemblies (101, 102) for thermal management and are sealed (360) to prevent entry of any foreign substance into the cell pack assemblies (101, 102). It also discloses the method of assembling the battery pack with the help of different components.

Description

BATTERY PACK FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[001] The present invention relates to field of Battery. More particularly, the present invention relates to the field of Battery packing. Exemplary, the present invention relates to the field of thermal management and sealing of a battery pack for an electrical vehicle. The usage of the battery pack has applications in other fields.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This invention takes priority from an earlier filed provisional patent application no. 202121039446 filed on August 31, 2021; which is incorporated herein as reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[002] Due to the strong demand for fossil fuels on international markets, as well as the massive impact on environment caused by an increase in the number of internal combustion engine vehicles, there is a massive rise of interest in battery research and development for electric and hybrid vehicles. These automobiles provide a viable future solution in the sector of road transportation, taking into account the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as well as air and noise pollution.
[003] The packing of a battery greatly influences important performance parameters like lifetime, ruggedness, safety and cost. The battery pack is made up of plurality of battery cells installed together.
[004] When the battery pack is charged and discharged/drained owing to usage, heat is generated in the battery cells and disregarding this heat causes the battery performance to deteriorate, eventually shortening the battery life. With an increased number of battery cells, the battery pack can provide greater output voltages and thus, charge and discharge at high currents. As the temperature of the battery system rises during charging and discharging at high currents, forced cooling via air or coolant is used. Air cooling is highly favored for its overall performance like light weight, low cost, long life. The principle of convection is used to transport heat away from the battery pack via air cooling. The heat released by the pack will be carried away by the air as it passes over the surface of the cells. Air cooling is a simple and easy process.
[005] According to prior art systems available, the battery packing comprises of honeycomb structured cell holders assembled as a stack and housed in a single casing. Battery management system is mounted on the cell pack and complete assembly is made leak-proof for dust and water entry. However, such designs, have problems associated with them. One significant problem is that it makes cell pack bigger in size and hence difficult to uniformly cool all the cells. Also, since everything is seal packed in a single compartment, forced air passing around cells cannot be used for cooling. In most of the prior arts, a fan assembly along with battery management system (BMS) is provided within the battery cell compartment making it more vulnerable to safety and technical related issues. Further, in other prior arts, assembly of different components of battery pack is difficult as multiple casings are used to pack the battery packs and are generally enclosed by outer casings. This leads to increase in number of parts thereby increasing manufacturing time and cost. This also results in poor serviceability, which in turn increases overall cost of battery pack assembly. In some of the prior arts, there are battery packs, which have cell pack compartments placed horizontally, hence having significant disadvantage over uniform cooling of the cell pack compartments as air flow channels are only present in a limited surface only. Vertical mounting of the cell pack compartments within battery pack provides compact arrangement specifically in two-wheeled vehicle where limited space is available, however; it is challenging to provide uniform and effective cooling in a vertically mounted battery pack arrangement.
[006] Another problem is if at all air is forced on cells using external fan then it acts as leakage path for dust and water via the air flow channels to the cells, which affects the performance of the battery and aggravates the degradation of the battery. [007] Therefore, in view of above-mentioned drawbacks and challenges of existing systems; there is a need to provide a battery pack that has an effective thermal management and protection from any foreign substances. OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION
[008] An object of the present invention is to provide homogeneous cooling of battery pack by circulating air around the cell packs utilizing distinct air flow channels within the battery pack.
[009] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a protection system for water and dust leakage or any foreign substances entering the cell packs.
[010] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide compact, less costly and safe battery pack system.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[OH] With this objective in view, the present invention provides a battery pack, comprising: plurality of cell pack assemblies each having plurality of cells; plurality of cell pack housings configured to contain at least one cell pack assembly; plurality of covering members to cover the plurality of cell pack assemblies; wherein the cell pack housings and the covering members are assembled to create plurality of air flow channels around the cell pack assemblies for thermal management and are sealed to prevent entry of any foreign substance into the cell pack assemblies.
[012] The cell pack assemblies comprise an upper cell pack and a lower cell pack including plurality of cells, wherein the upper cell pack is placed in an upper cell pack housing, and the lower cell pack is placed in a lower cell pack housing and the upper cell housing is assembled with lower cell pack housing such that at least an air flow channel is created between the upper cell pack and the lower cell pack.
[013] The plurality of cells having positive terminal oriented towards one direction and negative terminal oriented towards opposite direction and wherein the positive terminal is connected by top busbar and the negative terminal connected by bottom busbar.
[014] The top and bottom busbars are provided with plurality of thermal pads. [015] The covering members comprises an upper plate used to cover and seal the upper cell pack housing and a middle plate used to cover and seal the lower cell pack housing.
[016] At least one side of the upper cell pack housing, the lower cell pack housing, the upper plate and the middle plate, comprises insulation sheets to prevent any electric shocks.
[017] The upper plate attached to a top cover such that at least an airflow channel is created for air flow.
[018] The upper cell pack housing and the middle plate is attached together, such that at least an airflow channel is created for air flow.
[019] The lower cell pack housing is attached with a bottom cover such that at least an airflow channel is created for air flow.
[020] The bottom cover is provided with plurality of dampers to protect the battery pack from any vibration.
[021] The cell pack assemblies and the cell pack housings are covered and sealed from front and rear side using covering members comprising a front cover and a back cover respectively.
[022] The front cover and the back cover include plurality of apertures to allow air flow through the plurality of airflow channels.
[023] At least one of the plates, cell pack housings or covers are provided with a mounting provision for mounting a Battery Management System outside cell pack assemblies.
[024] The Battery Management System is mounted on the cell pack front cover and enclosed by a battery cover to form a compartment, wherein the battery cover is sealed to the cell pack front cover for preventing entry of any foreign substance into the compartment.
[025] The cell pack back cover is provided with a mounting arrangement for mounting an external fan assembly to enhance the air flow across the cell pack housings.
[026] At least one surface of the upper plate, middle plate, the upper cell pack housing and the lower cell pack housing are provided with fins for heat dissipation. [027] The fins are provided within at least an air flow channel having increased fin depth gradually from the air inlet aperture side towards the air outlet aperture side for enhanced heat dissipation.
[028] The cell pack assemblies comprises plurality of thermistor sensors terminating to the Battery Management System for temperature monitoring.
[029] The sealing in the entire battery pack renders an Ingress Protection achieving an IP67 rating, confirming total protection against dust and protection against water.
[030] The cell pack housings, plates and covers are provided with mounting arrangement for mounting on two, three or four wheeled vehicles fastened to the chassis of a vehicle.
[031] The present invention provides a method for assembling battery pack comprises, placing plurality of cells in plurality of cell pack assemblies; inserting at least one cell pack assembly in plurality of cell pack housings; covering the cell pack assemblies with plurality of covering members; assembling the cell pack housings, the covering members to create plurality of air flow channels around the cell pack assemblies for thermal management, and sealing the cell pack assemblies for preventing entry of any foreign substances.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS:
[032] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
[033] Fig.l illustrates an exploded view of a battery pack, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[034] Fig. 2 illustrates a cell arrangement pattern in the cell holder, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[035] Fig.3 illustrates thermistor sensors placed across cell cavity channels, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[036] Fig.4 illustrates bus bar placement over the cell pack, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; [037] Fig.5 depicts the electrical connection scheme in the respective cell packs and thermal pad assembly on the respective cell packs, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[038] Fig.6 depicts upper cell pack compartment placed in the cell pack housing, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[039] Fig.7 illustrates lower cell pack compartment placed in the cell pack housing, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[040] Fig.8 depicts a bottom cover placed below the lower cell pack housing, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[041] Fig.9 illustrates a cell pack back cover arrangement, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[042] Fig.10 depicts a fan cover assembly, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[043] Fig.11 illustrates a battery management system compartment getting sealed to the cell pack compartments, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[044] Fig.12 illustrates the battery management system assembly, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[045] Fig.13 illustrates a battery cover assembly, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[046] Fig.14A and Fig.14B depicts plurality of air flow channels across the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[047] Fig .15 illustrates plurality of sealing applied to the various parts of the battery, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS:
[048] A preferred embodiment will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The preferred embodiment does not limit the scope and ambit of the disclosure. The description provided is purely by way of example and illustration.
[049] The present invention provides a battery pack (100) suitable for use in variety of applications and preferably to any types of vehicles (such as an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), a fuel cell vehicle, and the like) includes a battery and a cooling system that cools the battery through a cooling fan. The technology described here caters to thermal management of battery pack (100) and provide effective sealing (360) to the entire battery pack (100), thus preventing cells and battery management system (400) of the battery pack (100) from direct exposure to dust and water.
[050] Fig.1. illustrates an exploded view of battery pack (100) according to one of the embodiments of the present disclosure, comprising two sets of cell packs named as an upper cell pack (120), a lower cell pack (130), comprising cylindrical Lithium- Ion cells (104). An upper cell pack housing (140) and a lower cell pack housing (150) are provided to accommodate the upper cell pack (120) and the lower cell pack (130) respectively. An upper plate (170) and a middle plate (180) may form covering for the upper cell pack housing (140) and the lower cell pack housing (150) respectively. Further, the battery pack (100) is covered from top and bottom side using a top plate (175) and a bottom plate (230). The front and rear side of the battery pack (100) are enclosed using a cell pack front cover (260) and a cell pack back cover (310). The plates/ covers (170, 175, 230, 180, 260, 310) and the cell pack housing (140, 150) used to enclose the cell packs (120, 130) are provided such that plurality of air flow channels (1, 2, 3) are created around them. Further, the air flow channels (1, 2. 3) provided within the battery pack are sealed such that the cells (104) are prevented from direct exposure to water or dust. A fan assembly (300) is provided with a mounting arrangement for mounting on the cell pack back cover (310) to supply air for thermal management of the cell packs (120, 130), wherein the air is channelized through the air flow channels (1, 2, 3). Additionally, the cell packs (120, 130) are provided with a plurality of thermal pads (160) to enhance the thermal management of battery pack (100). The battery pack (100) is provided with a battery management system (BMS) (400) mounted within a BMS compartment (250), such that the BMS compartment (250) is created towards front side of the battery pack (100) and covered using a battery cover (350). The mounting arrangement of each component of the battery pack (100) is further explained herein below in subsequent paragraphs. [051] Fig. 2 illustrates the cell pack assembly (101/ 102) comprising the plurality of cells (104) arranged in such a way that positive side of each cell (104) is oriented in one direction and the negative side of the cells (104) orients in another direction preferably opposite direction. All the cells (104) are assembled and held using cell holders (115a, 115b) to form a cell pack assembly (101, 102). The cell holders (115a, 115b) are preferably made of honeycomb structure and may be joined together by means of a lock, preferably pip locking to form the cell pack assembly (101, 102). According to another embodiment, the positive terminal (104a) of one brick and negative terminal (104b) of another brick may be oriented in a similar direction of the respective cell pack assembly (101, 102) and a side link (501) may connect the two bricks in series accordingly.
[052] Referring now to Fig 3. according to one embodiment, each cell pack assembly (101, 102) may comprise of plurality of thermistor sensors (270) inserted into cavity (280) of the cell pack assembly (101, 102) and fixed to the cavity (280) by a fixing means. The cell pack assembly (101, 102) has a lateral layout along the length and breadth of the battery pack (100). The thermistor sensors (270) may be routed in the provided cavity (280). An adhesive (for example- thermal paste) can be applied inside the cavity (280) with a dispenser to secure the thermistor sensors (270). The bead of thermistor sensor (270) may be inserted such that bead tip is halfway along the length of the cell pack assembly (101, 102). The outer end of the thermistor sensors (270) from each of the cell pack assembly (101, 102) may be bunched to form at least one cell pack harness connectors (290) for each cell pack assembly (101, 102).
[053] Referring now to Fig 4, which illustrates the cells pack assembly (101, 102) comprising plurality of cells (104) provided in parallel connection. All positive terminals (104a) of cells (104) are oriented towards top side of the battery pack (100) and connected using plurality of the top bus bars (105) and the negative terminals (104b) of cells (104) are oriented towards bottom side of the battery pack (100) and connected using plurality of bottom bus bars (110), this makes electrical connections convenient. The bus bars (105) are provided with insulation for the cell pack assembly (101, 102) that may form both the ends for the cell pack assembly (101, 102). Each cell assembly (101, 102) comprises plurality of cell bricks formed of plurality of cells mounted in a single row. They may be finally grouped together for ease of assembly purpose to form a brick. The busbars (105, 110) can be attached to the cell packs by means of welding or any other means. The busbar placement can be done one by one carefully from left to right or from right to left of the cell pack assembly (101, 102) keeping in view that the thermistor sensors (270) are not pinched or damaged by placement of the bus bars (105). The thermistor sensors (270) are routed between the channels provided between the bus bars (105).
[054] Referring now to Fig 5, according to the present disclosure, the plurality of cells (104) provided within the cell packs (120, 130) may be further connected using a plurality of side links (501) and harness lugs assembly (510). The positive terminal (104a) of each cell (104) from each brick of the cell packs (120, 130) are clubbed to form a common terminal. Similarly, all the negative terminals (104b) of the cells are clubbed to form a common terminal. The positive and negative terminals (104a, 104b) of the adjacent brick are connected by means of a side link (501), thereby forming a series connection. Series connection can be provided on both the lateral sides of the cell packs (120, 130) to ensure symmetric current sharing by cells (104) and symmetric flow of current through the circuit that improves cell balancing, which in turn improves performance and lifecycle of battery. The upper and lower cell packs (120, 130) may be connected in series by two sealed connecting links (550) preferably provided on either side of the cell packs (120, 130). Orientation of side links (501) can be different but preferably same on side surfaces of the cell packs (120, 130). This helps in ensuring that the cells (104) are electrically insulated and does not get short-circuited. The side links (501) are to be separated from each other to prevent short circuits and sparks, which in turn imparts effective electrical insulation to the cell packs (120, 130). For further safety, it is to be ensured that the side links (501) do not short by mistake, when the bolts are not tightened fully or when there is an issue with the insertion of the busbars (105, 110) on the cell pack (120, 130) that results in a gap between the side link (501) and the bus bar (260). [055] As depicted in Fig. 5, the thermal pads (160, 161) may be used above all the bus bars (105) on both the cell pack assembly (101, 102) to extract heat from cell and conduct it to the cell pack housing (140, 150). The thermal pads (160, 161) preferably may be made of silicon rubber and can be assembled onto the negative side & aligned centrally onto the bus bars (105). The thermal pad (160) assembly on positive side may be performed after placement of the cell pack (101, 102). The plastic sheets covering the thermal pads (160, 161) may be removed before placement of the thermal pads (160) on the bus bars (105). Plurality of button type small rectangular patch of thermal pad material (not shown) may be provided on the positive side cell tabs. It acts as sealing to hot gases coming out of cells (104). In an event where a particular cell undergoes thermal runaway, this configuration avoids propagation of thermal runaway phenomenon to adjacent cells.
[056] Referring now to Fig 6 and 7, representing assembly of upper and lower cell pack (120). The cell packs (120) can be placed into the cell pack housings (140, 150) by aligning a dowel position and preventing the side bolts from touching the cell pack housing walls. Both the cell packs (120, 130) according to present embodiment may be assembled in separate cell pack housings (140, 150), preferably made of aluminium. The upper cell pack housing (140) and the lower cell pack housing (150) forms enclosure for the respective upper cell pack (120) and the lower cell pack (130). Insulation sheet (not shown) may be placed on top surface of the upper plate (170) and the middle plate (180). The insulation sheet may also be placed on inner surfaces (205) of housings that houses the cell pack assembly. According to the present embodiment, the top cover (175) and the upper plate (170) may be attached together and sealed (360) with the upper cell pack housing (140) after placing the upper cell pack (120) in the upper cell pack housing (140). Similarly, the middle plate (180) may be sealed with the lower cell pack housing (150) after placing the lower cell pack (130) in the lower cell pack housing (150). The sealing (360) described for these components preferably a liquid sealant (locksite- SI 5699) although other type of sealants may also be used that gives adequate protection to prevent the entry of dust and water into the cell pack assembly (101, 102). The sealant bead thickness must be uniform and continuous. The two cell packs (120, 130) placed in the respective housings may be stacked one over the other by means of screw and bolt arrangement.
[057] Referring now to Fig 8, illustrative perspective view of the bottom cover (230) from bottom side. The bottom cover (230) may be placed below the lower cell pack housing (150) and a plurality of dampers (240) can be inserted below the bottom cover (230) to protect the battery pack (100) from any vibration and shocks, arising out of the vehicle movement.
[058] Referring now to Fig 9, representing the cell pack back cover (310). According to one of the embodiments of present invention, an external fan assembly (300) disposed over the cell pack back cover (310) as illustrated in fig. 10. The fan assembly (300) including a fan cover (325) may be finally bolted to the cell pack back cover (310).
[059] Referring now to Fig 11, representing front side battery pack details according to one of the embodiments of invention. A separate Battery Management system (400) may be preferred. The front side of battery pack is covered using the front pack cell cover (260) and fixed using cover bolting (1140). The cell pack front cover (260) is further sealed with a silicone rubber sealant. The front pack cell cover (260) is provided with a mounting arrangement for mounting a battery management system (BMS) (400), preferably at the opposite end of the external fan assembly (300). The front pack cell cover (260) further creates a dedicated compartment (250) for mounting of the battery management system (400) that is separate from the battery cell pack assembly (120, 130). This helps in creating an electrical isolation between BMS (400) and the battery pack assembly. This further helps in keeping BMS (400) away from heat generated by the cell pack (120, 130). The battery Management System (400) may be composed of fuse and other electrical components whose operation is sensitive to temperature. Separate compartment for the battery Management System ensures no heat transfer to the battery Management System from cells (104) and vice versa, for improved safety. The battery management system compartment (250) may be sealed with silicone rubber sealant to the cell pack front cover (260). [060] Referring now to Fig 12, illustrating the Battery Management System (400) mounted on Battery Management System holder (not shown). The wiring harness of the battery cell pack (120, 130) is connected to the mating connector (292) of the BMS (400) through a wiring harness connector. The BMS may be provided with a battery sub assembly (402) on the Battery management system (400) and sealed with silicone rubber sealant. The battery management system sub assembly (402) may be bolted to the Battery management system (400).
[061] Referring to Fig.13. The battery cover (350) may be disposed and sealed to the battery management system compartment (250) (as illustrated in Fig. 12) to provide a covering to it. Further, a cap connector (1360) may be assembled on a connector assembly (not shown). Protection is ensured for Battery Management System (400) by providing sealing (360) between the battery cover (350) and the Battery Management System holder. This ensures that electrical circuitry of the BMS (400) is not affected by moisture, dirt or any other foreign particles. This ensures long life and durability of the Battery Management System (400).
[062] Referring to Fig. l4A and Fig.l4B, representing preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air flow channels (1, 2, 3) are formed around the battery cell packs (120, 130). The upper and the lower cell pack housing (140, 150), the middle plate (180) are assembled to create the air flow channels (1, 2, 3) around the battery pack (120, 130). The upper cell pack housing (140) and the upper plate (170) along with top cover (175) are assembled to create the upper air flow channel (1) on the top of upper cell pack (120). Similarly, the upper cell pack housing (140) and the middle plate (180) are assembled to create the middle air flow channel (2) between the two cell packs (120, 130). Finally, the bottom air flow channel (3) is created below the lower cell pack (130) using the lower cell pack housing (150) and the bottom cover (230). The fan assembly (300) induces forced air towards the battery cell packs (120, 130) which flows through the air flow channels (1, 2 and 3). The air enters into the battery pack (100) through small inlets in the form of inlet apertures (330, 331,332) provided on the cell pack back cover (310). The air flows through the air flow channels (1, 2, 3) and exits from the outer apertures (261, 262, 263) provided on the cell pack front cover (260). Air may be forced through these air flow channels (1, 2, 3) by using the external fan (300). Heat is conducted from cell through the thermal pads (160) to the cell pack housings and to the air flowing in the air flow channels (1, 2, 3). There are plurality of air flow channels (1,2,3) inside the battery pack (100) around the cell pack assembly (101, 102) which effectively cools the cell pack assembly (101, 102) by means of having access to plurality of surfaces of the cell pack housings (140, 150), covering members (170, 230). As the cells are oriented vertically with all positive terminals (104a) on top side and all negative terminals (104b) on bottom side, it is critical to provide the air flow channels along the top and bottom side to achieve effective cooling. This leads to maximum heat dissipation as the air flow channels (1, 2, 3) are having access to a number of surfaces of the cell pack assemblies including cell pack housings (140, 150), covering members (170, 230). Multiple temperature sensors are provided in core of the battery pack (100) (both on upper and lower cell packs) to monitor the battery pack (100) temperature. Based on their feedback, air is passed around cell packs to maintain temperature of the cells. According to another embodiment, the fan assembly (300) may be provided on the BMS side or front side of the battery pack (100). The fan may be either induced fan or a forced fan.
[063] According to one embodiment, a plurality of fins (220) provided on the upper plate (170), the middle plate (180) and below the upper cell pack housing (140) and the lower cell pack housing (150). According to one of the embodiments, the fins (220) may be tapered axially, along the length from air inlet towards air outlet providing enhanced surface area contact for effective heat dissipation between the top cover (175) and the upper plate (170), between the upper cell pack housing (140) and the middle plate (180), between the lower cell pack housing (150) and the bottom cover (230). The fins (220) may have a gradual increase in depth moving towards the air outlet. This is necessitated due to the even distribution of heat dissipation of the cell pack. Increased fin depth towards the air outlet can provide more heat dissipation and hence effective cooling of the cell pack. The heat generated by the cell packs (120, 130) may be easily dissipated towards air inlet side, as this side being near to the fan assembly (300). Therefore, the fin depth may be shorter in this region, whereas the heat generation of the cell pack (120, 130) is higher towards air outlet side, as this side being away from the fan assembly (300), hence higher fin depth is provided. This also helps in substantial reduction is material used for the fins (220) thereby reducing its weight and saving cost.
[064] Referring to Fig. 15, and all other figures from 1 to 14. The plurality of sealing (360) is provided around the battery cell pack at various locations including the air flow channels (1, 2, 3), the upper and the lower cell pack housing (140, 150) and the plurality of plates (170, 180) and the covers (170, 230), the BMS compartment (250), the front and the rear cover (260, 310). This ensures that the entire battery pack (100) renders an Ingress Protection and hence achieves an IP67 rating, which confirms total protection of the battery cells (104) against dust and protection from the effects of immersion in water level between 15cm and Im up to thirty minutes.
[065] According to another embodiment, the cell pack assembly (101, 102) may have cells (104), whose respective terminals may face the sides other than top or bottom of the battery pack (100). The arrangement described in this embodiment may further necessitate the air flow along the width of the battery pack (100).
[066] According to the present embodiment, a method for assembling battery pack (100) may comprise of placing plurality of cells (104) in a plurality of cell pack assembly (101, 102), orienting the positive terminal (104a) of cells (104) towards one direction and negative terminal (104b) towards the other direction, cell pack compartment may be secured by means of pip locking in a cell holder assembly; plurality of thermistor sensors (270) may be slide into the a cavity (280) and attaching it with the surface of the cavity (280). Thereafter, plurality of busbars (105, 110) may be placed on top, and bottom of the cell pack assembly (101, 102) and appending it by means of welding or any other fixation means; further side link and harness lugs assembly may be provided in the cell pack assembly (101, 102) to position the cell pack in the proper place.
[067] The thermal pads (160, 161) may be assembled onto the negative terminal (104b) direction and may be aligned centrally onto the busbars (105, 110) and insulation sheets may be pasted respectively on at-least one surface over the upper plate (170), middle plate (180), upper cell pack housing (140), lower cell pack housing (150) keeping in consideration to prevent any air bubble or gap between the insulation sheet and respective structures. The cell pack assembly (101, 104) may be lowered into the housing (140, 150) by aligning dowel position and preventing the side bolts from touching the housing walls at any point. The thermal pads (160, 161) may be assembled onto the positive terminal (104a) direction and alignment performed centrally onto the busbars (105, 110) after insertion of cell packs into respective housings.
[068] The top cover (175) may be attached with the upper plate (170) and may be sealed together with the said upper cell pack housing (140). Similarly, the middle plate (180) may be sealed with the lower cell pack housing (150). Plurality of tapered fins (220-223) may be placed axially, along the lateral direction from air inlet towards air outlet providing enhanced air flow channels. The bottom cover (230) may be fastened to the lower cell pack housing (150) and a damper (240) may be inserted below the said bottom cover (230). Finally, the cell pack assemblies (101, 104) may be stacked one over the other and bolted together.
[069] The external fan assembly (300) may be affixed with the cell pack back cover (310). The battery management system compartment (250) may be fastened with the cell pack front cover. The upper cell pack (120) and the lower cell pack (130) may be sealed to the cell pack front cover (260) and the cell pack back cover (310). The top cell pack harness connector (290) and the bottom cell pack harness connector (291) may be connected to an upper mating connector (292) and a lower mating connector (293) respectively in the Battery management system compartment (250). The battery sub- assembly (400), inside the Battery management system compartment (250) may be sealed to the battery cover (350); and also, the battery management system compartment (250) and the battery cover (350) may be sealed to the cell pack front cover (260). The cell pack housing (140, 150) covers (175, 230, 260, 310), plates (170, 180) of the battery pack (100) may be provided with suitable mounting arrangement including dampers (240) for mounting or installing on two, three or four wheeled vehicles preferably with a battery mounting system including a battery tray fastened by means of nut and bolted to the chassis of the vehicle. [070] In another exemplary embodiment, there may be additional side plates/ side covers (not shown) placed along the side surfaces of the cell pack assemblies (101, 102) with a provision of multiple apertures for air flow along the cell pack front cover (260) or cell pack back cover (310). These additional side plates/ side covers provide additional air flow channels over other surfaces of the cell pack housings (140, 150).
[071] The challenge of achieving sealing along with thermal management of battery pack (100) by forced air cooling is resolved in the present invention. Further, placement of cell pack assembly (101, 102) vertically one above the other and thereby uniformly cooling it by forced air circulation through plurality of surfaces of cell pack housings (140, 150), covering members (170, 230) is a challenge that is solved by the present invention. The battery pack assembly (100) of present invention provides lightweight, simpler and compact assembly with lower cost. The assembly is easy to manufacture with less number of casings used for battery packaging. Furthermore, in the present invention the efficiency, functionality and durability of the battery pack (100) is improved because of better thermal management. Safety in the battery pack (100) is improved since the battery management system (400), fan assembly (300) and the cell pack assemblies (101, 102) are assembled in separate compartments. So, the heat generated out of the cells cannot affect the functioning of the Battery Management System (400), thus making it safer. Further, the vibration load coming on battery pack (100) from vehicle is isolated by the rubber damper (240) at the mountings.
[072] Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, but may be variously modified and altered by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure pertains without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

CLAIMS We claim:
1. A battery pack (100) comprising; plurality of cell pack assemblies (101, 102) each having plurality of cells (104); plurality of cell pack housings (140, 150) configured to contain at least one cell pack assembly (101, 102); plurality of covering members (170, 180, 175, 230, 260, 310) to cover the plurality of cell pack assemblies (101, 102); wherein the cell pack housings (140, 150) and the covering members (175, 230) are assembled to create plurality of air flow channels (1, 2, 3) around the cell pack assemblies (101, 102) for thermal management and are sealed (360) to prevent entry of any foreign substance into the cell pack assemblies (101, 102).
2. The battery pack (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cell pack assemblies (101, 102) comprise an upper cell pack (120) and a lower cell pack (130) including plurality of cells (104), wherein the upper cell pack (120) is placed in an upper cell pack housing (140), and the lower cell pack (130) is placed in a lower cell pack housing (150) and the upper cell housing (140) is assembled with lower cell pack housing (150) such that at least an air flow channel is created between the upper cell pack (120) and the lower cell pack (130).
3. The battery pack (100) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the plurality of cells (104) having positive terminal (104a) oriented towards one direction and negative terminal (104b) oriented towards opposite direction and wherein the positive terminal (104) is connected by top busbar (105) and the negative terminal (104) connected by bottom busbar (110).
4. The battery pack (100) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the top and bottom busbars (105, 110) provided with plurality of thermal pads (160).
5. The battery pack (100) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the covering members comprises an upper plate (170) used to cover and seal the upper cell pack housing (140) and a middle plate (180) used to cover and seal the lower cell pack housing (150).
6. The battery pack (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein at least one side of the upper cell pack housing (140), the lower cell pack housing (150), the upper plate (170) and the middle plate (180), comprises insulation sheets to prevent any electric shocks.
7. The battery pack (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the upper plate (170) attached to a top cover (175) such that at least an airflow channel (1) is created for air flow.
8. The battery pack (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the upper cell pack housing (140) and the middle plate (180) is attached together, such that at least an airflow channel (2) is created for air flow.
9. The battery pack (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the lower cell pack housing (150) is attached with a bottom cover (230) such that at least an airflow channel (3) is created for air flow.
10. The battery pack (100) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the bottom cover (230) is provided with plurality of dampers (240) to protect the battery pack (100) from any vibration.
11. The battery pack (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the cell pack assemblies (101, 102) and the cell pack housings (140, 150) are covered and sealed (360) from front and rear side using covering members comprising a front cover (260) and a back cover (310) respectively.
12. The battery pack (100) as claimed in claim 11, wherein the front cover (260) and the back cover (310) includes plurality of apertures (261, 262, 263, 330, 331, 332) to allow air flow through the plurality of airflow channels (1, 2, 3).
13. The battery pack (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the plates (170, 180), cell pack housings (140, 150) or covers (175, 230, 260, 310) are provided with a mounting provision for mounting a Battery Management System (400) outside cell pack assemblies (101, 102).
14. The battery pack (100) as claimed in claim 13, wherein the Battery Management System (400) is mounted on the cell pack front cover (260) and enclosed by a battery cover (350) to form a compartment (250), wherein the battery cover (350) is sealed (360) to the cell pack front cover (260) for preventing entry of any foreign substance into the compartment (250).
15. The battery pack (100) as claimed in claim 11, wherein the cell pack back cover (310) is provided with a mounting arrangement for mounting an external fan assembly (300) to enhance the air flow across the cell pack housings (140, 150).
16. The battery pack (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein at least one surface of the upper plate (170), middle plate (180), the upper cell pack housing (140) and the lower cell pack housing (150) provided with fins (220, 221, 222, 223) for heat dissipation.
17. The battery pack (100) as claimed in claim 16, wherein the fins (220, 221, 222, 223) are provided within at least an air flow channel having increased fin depth gradually from the air inlet aperture (330, 331, 332) side towards the air outlet aperture (261,262,263) side for enhanced heat dissipation.
18. The battery pack (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cell pack assemblies (101, 102) comprises plurality of thermistor sensors (270) terminating to the Battery Management System (400) for temperature monitoring.
19
19. The battery pack (100) as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the sealing (360) in the entire battery pack (100) renders an Ingress Protection achieving an IP67 rating, confirming total protection against dust and protection against water.
20. The battery pack (100) as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the cell pack housings (140, 150), plates (170, 180) and covers (175, 230, 260, 310) are provided with mounting arrangement for mounting on two, three or four wheeled vehicles fastened to the chassis of a vehicle.
21. A method for assembling battery pack (100) comprises, placing plurality of cells (104) in plurality of cell pack assemblies (101, 102); inserting at least one cell pack assembly (101, 102) in plurality of cell pack housings (140, 150); covering the cell pack assemblies (101, 102) with plurality of covering members (170, 180, 175, 230, 260, 310); assembling the cell pack housings (140, 150) the covering members (170, 180, 175, 230, 260, 310) to create plurality of air flow channels (1,2,3) around the cell pack assemblies (101, 102) for thermal management, and sealing the cell pack assemblies (101, 102) for preventing entry of any foreign substances.
20
PCT/IN2022/050774 2021-08-31 2022-08-30 Battery pack for electric vehicle WO2023031962A1 (en)

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IN202121039446 2021-08-31
IN202121039446 2021-08-31

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120263988A1 (en) * 2011-04-15 2012-10-18 Johnson Controls Technology Llc Battery system having an external thermal management system
US20200321670A1 (en) * 2019-03-14 2020-10-08 Joel Hooper Battery module thermal management
US20210104789A1 (en) * 2019-06-18 2021-04-08 Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Temperature control assembly and battery pack
EP3273508B1 (en) * 2012-06-13 2021-06-02 Allison Transmission, Inc. Plug-in bussed electrical center for an energy storage system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120263988A1 (en) * 2011-04-15 2012-10-18 Johnson Controls Technology Llc Battery system having an external thermal management system
EP3273508B1 (en) * 2012-06-13 2021-06-02 Allison Transmission, Inc. Plug-in bussed electrical center for an energy storage system
US20200321670A1 (en) * 2019-03-14 2020-10-08 Joel Hooper Battery module thermal management
US20210104789A1 (en) * 2019-06-18 2021-04-08 Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Temperature control assembly and battery pack

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