WO2023031268A1

WO2023031268A1 - Quarantine container for hazardous items

Info

Publication number: WO2023031268A1
Application number: PCT/EP2022/074192
Authority: WO
Inventors: Dieter Ebert; Joachim Klaus Broetzmann
Original assignee: Swiss Q Contain Ag
Priority date: 2021-09-02
Filing date: 2022-08-31
Publication date: 2023-03-09

Abstract

The invention relates to a container for quarantining a hazardous item, in particular a vehicle with a hybrid, electric or hydrogen drive, or a battery, a fuel cell or a propellant reservoir from such a vehicle.

Description

Quarantine container for dangerous objects

Description

The invention relates to a container for quarantining a dangerous object, in particular a vehicle with a hybrid, electric or hydrogen drive or a battery, a fuel cell or a fuel storage tank from such a vehicle, as well as other types of dangerous objects.

The proportion of motor vehicles on the road that have an alternative drive, for example an electric drive or a hydrogen drive, has risen sharply in recent times. A further strong increase is to be expected in the future. Such vehicles and/or batteries or fuel storage units from such vehicles pose potential hazards in the event of an accident or other accident.

According to car manufacturer regulations, hybrid vehicles, e-vehicles and high-voltage batteries must be secured in a quarantine area that is 5 x 2.5 m including a clearance area of 188 m ² for a car and 7.5 x 2.5 m including a distance area for a commercial vehicle. distance area is 219 m ² . Other requirements for such a quarantine area are accessibility for emergency vehicles, barriers, protection against moisture and the presence of a solid surface. In particular, the quarantine area must comply with the ordinance on facilities for handling water-polluting substances. The main purpose of the quarantine area is to prevent belt and explosion protection (preventive fire protection).

The transport of vehicles involved in accidents with alternative drives also requires a high level of protection, since the vehicle or parts of it, such as batteries, fuel cells or fuel storage units, can pose a significant risk during transport. Therefore need straight for transportation of dangerous objects, special precautions for preventive fire protection must be guaranteed.

One object of the present invention was to provide a container for the quarantine of such hazardous objects, with which the disadvantages of the prior art can be at least partially eliminated.

The present invention provides a container for the quarantine of a hazardous object, comprising a protective cover made of multiple layers of fire-resistant and/or electrically insulating materials and further means for preventing or controlling fire, explosion or electrical discharge hazards.

One subject of the invention is a container for quarantine of a dangerous object comprising:

- a protective cover delimiting the container with a closable opening for introducing and removing the dangerous object,

- wherein the protective cover and a door element comprise several layers of fire-resistant and/or electrically insulating materials, the following layers being arranged at least partially from the inside to the outside:

(a) a layer comprising a glass fiber material, in particular a temperature and pressure-resistant glass fiber,

(b) a layer comprising a sheet silicate, in particular vermiculite,

(c) a layer comprising a glass fiber material, in particular a glass fiber composite material,

(d) a layer comprising a fluoropolymer (c),

(e) a layer comprising a basalt material, in particular a basalt fiber,

(f) a shielding layer selected from (i) a layer comprising graphite and optionally an insulating air layer, (ii) a lead layer, (iii) a bulletproof plastic layer, in particular a Kevlar layer, or a combination of several of these layers, (g) a layer comprising a metal alloy, in particular a titanium steel alloy, a titanium molybdenum steel alloy or an aluminum alloy,

(h) an optional bulletproof plastic layer, in particular a Kevlar layer,

- a gas generator for generating an inert gas atmosphere inside the container,

- a flooding unit located on the outside of the container for introducing protective material into the container through a lockable access,

- a sensor unit inside the container, which is set up to measure one or more parameters selected from pressure, temperature and gas composition,

- a data processing unit which is in communication with the sensor unit, the data processing unit being set up to initiate measures to secure the container in response to a signal transmitted by the sensor unit, and

- an overpressure relief port.

The container according to the invention is basically suitable for the quarantine of any hazardous objects. The term "quarantine" includes the storage of the container under safety conditions, including stationary storage or transport. Storage can be outdoors, inside a building or in a transport vehicle. The duration of the quarantine can range from short periods, e.g. one hour, to several days or weeks.

In a specific embodiment, the container is set up to quarantine a vehicle, in particular a vehicle with an electric drive, a vehicle with a hybrid drive or a vehicle with a hydrogen drive. The term "electric drive" includes both a purely electric drive and a hybrid drive. In a further specific embodiment, the container is designed to quarantine a battery of a vehicle with an electric drive, in particular a lithium-ion battery. In yet another specific Embodiment, the container for quarantine a fuel cell or a fuel storage tank of a hydrogen-powered vehicle is set up. In addition to the dangerous items mentioned, the container is also suitable for quarantining other types of easily flammable or potentially explosive dangerous items, such as explosives such as explosives, ammunition, etc., weapons, hazardous substances, hazardous chemicals, radioactive materials, hazardous biological substances, bacterial and viral contaminated substances, dangerous warfare agents.

The shape and dimensions of the container are adapted to the dangerous object to be stored. The protective cover that delimits the container usually comprises a floor, side walls and a roof. The container can be designed, for example, in the form of a parallelepiped or cube, so that the protective cover includes a base, 4 side walls and a roof. To accommodate a vehicle, the container usually has dimensions of 5-7 m (length) x 2-4 m (width) and 2-4 m (height). To accommodate a battery, a fuel cell or a hydrogen storage tank, the container usually has dimensions of 1-4 m (length) x 1-2 m (width) and 1-2 m (height).

The protective cover contains at least one closable opening for inserting and removing the dangerous object. The size and location of the closable opening in the protective cover may vary with the size and type of hazardous item to be stored. If the dangerous object is a vehicle, the opening is usually formed through one of the side walls. Is it a smaller object, e.g. B. a battery, the opening can also be formed by part of a side wall or the top of the container.

The opening can be closed by a cover, ie a door element. The opening can preferably be sealed in a gas-tight and/or liquid-tight manner. The cover of the opening or the door element is part of the protective cover. The container according to the invention is limited by a protective cover made up of several layers. The nature and sequence of the individual layers offer a high level of security against hazards that may emanate from the stored item, such as the risk of fire, pure explosion, electric shock or a combination thereof.

The individual layers of the protective covers are usually connected to one another in order to give the protective cover a stable and preferably self-supporting structure. If necessary, the protective cover can also contain one or more carrying elements. The connection between the layers of the protective cover can be made e.g. by lamination and/or by using temperature and fire-resistant adhesives such as ceramic or metal high-temperature adhesives up to 1200°C or higher (e.g. Steigner ST-1000) or fire-resistant fasteners such as screws, rivets etc., take place. Preferably at least two of the layers (a) to (g) of the protective cover are connected to one another by lamination, preferably 3, 4, 5, 6 or all 7 layers. A partial compression of the layer materials is also possible. Optional layer (h) can also be combined with layers (a) to (g) as described.

The overall thickness of the protective sheath will typically range from about 40mm to about 300mm, preferably from about 50mm to about 200mm.

The protective cover comprises at least 7 layers (a) to (g) as described below, arranged from the inside to the outside. The shielding layer (f) may optionally comprise a plurality of layers (f)(i), (f)(ii) and/or (f)(iii). If necessary, one or more further layers can also be present, which can be arranged within layer (a), between the individual layers (a) to (g) and/or outside of layer (g). In further preferred embodiments, there is also an outer bulletproof plastic layer (h), in particular a Kevlar layer. The layer (a) comprises a glass fiber material, in particular a temperature and pressure-resistant glass fiber, which is selected, for example, from glass fiber of the Sto type. The glass fiber in layer (a) preferably has a temperature resistance of at least 1000° C. and/or a pressure resistance of at least 12 N/mm ² (12 MPa). The thickness of layer (a) is preferably from 8 to 80 mm. The function of layer (a) is in particular as a reinforcement fabric with properties such as optimized force absorption for maximum security and crack prevention, high tensile strength, displacement resistance and/or alkali resistance. The layer is preferably free of plasticizers and/or acid-resistant. It provides high thermal insulation and favorably has a low heat capacity. Their weight per unit area is preferably 100-200 g/m ² , for example approx. 165 g/m ² and their tear strength on delivery is preferably >2500 N/50 mm.

Layer (b) comprises a layered silicate, in particular vermiculite. The layered silicate is advantageously built into the protective cover in the form of plates with the desired thickness. This can be done with suitable fasteners, for example. The layered silicate in layer (b) preferably has a temperature resistance of at least 1200° C. and/or a pressure resistance of at least 20 MPa. The thickness of layer (b) is, for example, from 1 to 50 mm, preferably from 1 to 30 mm, more preferably from 1 to 10 mm, and even more preferably from 1 to 5 mm. In further embodiments, the thickness of layer (b) is preferably from 10 to 45 mm, more preferably from 20 to 40 mm, and even more preferably from 25 to 35 mm, for example about 30 mm. The function of layer (b) consists in particular of low thermal conductivity, a heat shield function and the absorption of liquids. The layer is electrically non-conductive. The layered silicate in layer (b) is structurally supported and stabilized by the adjacent layers (a) and (c) of glass fiber material.

The layer (c) comprises a glass fiber, in particular a glass fiber composite material, which is selected, for example, for. B. Resinpal glass filament fabric. Preferably, the fiberglass composite material has layers (c) a temperature resistance of at least 1200°C and/or a pressure resistance of at least 150 MPa. The thickness of layer (c) is preferably from 1 to 8 mm, more preferably from 1 to 3 mm. The function of layer (c) consists in particular in additional pressure protection or in its resistance to strong pressure development, eg in the event of an explosion or deflagration, and in the stabilization of layer (b), in particular in combination with the glass fiber material in layer (a).

Layer (d) comprises an electrically insulating fluoropolymer selected, for example, from polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), perfluoroalkoxy polymer (PFA), etc. Preferably, the fluoropolymer has a layer

(d) a temperature resistance of at least 150°C, preferably 320°C and/or a pressure resistance of at least 420 MPa. The thickness of layer (d) is preferably from 1 to 10 mm, preferably from 1 to 6 mm. The function of layer (d) consists in particular as an inert layer against brief exposure to heat, corrosion protection, acid resistance and as a microbiological barrier layer as a lining material. In the event of a fire or explosion, this layer fuses or bonds with its two neighboring layers (c) and (e) at temperatures above 500° C and forms a new layer with extremely good fire and pressure protection properties. Furthermore, layer (d) can serve as a barrier layer for toxic substances and/or potentially infectious biomaterials.

The layer (e) comprises a basalt material, in particular a basalt fiber or a basalt fiber needle fabric, which is selected from type LFJ, for example. The basalt material favorably has a content of at least 50 mol % SiO2. The basalt material is advantageously built into the protective cover in the form of plates with the desired thickness. This can be done with suitable fasteners, for example. The basalt fiber in layer (e) preferably has a temperature resistance of at least 750° C. and/or a (pressure resistance) tensile strength of at least 1000 MPa, preferably 3000 MPa. The thickness of layer (e) is preferably from 1 to 50 mm, more preferably from 3 to 25 mm and even more preferably about 8 mm. The function of layer (e) consists in particular of heat protection with enormous tensile strength. The inorganic fiber is non-combustible and has low thermal conductivity.

Layer (f) comprises a layer of shielding material selected from (i) a graphite material, (ii) lead, (iii) a ballistic resistant plastic material, for example an aramid fiber such as Kevlar, or a combination of several of these layers.

In one embodiment, the shielding layer comprises a graphite material (f)(i) containing, for example, an open structure with gas or air-filled voids. The structure is preferably type D. More preferably, the graphite material is in the form of (particles) such as cylinders, e.g., with a size of 500 nm to 2 pm, most preferably about 1 pm. Preferably there is air between the particles of the graphite material, for example in a proportion of 30% to 80% of the total volume. The graphite material in layer (f)(i) preferably has a temperature resistance of at least 2500° C., more preferably 4000° C., particularly preferably 5000° C. and/or a pressure resistance of at least 0.8 MPa. The thickness of layer (f)(i) is preferably from 1 to 10 mm, more preferably from 3 to 8 mm. The layer (f) (i) serves in particular as high-temperature protection up to 4000° C. and also contains an air layer with thermally insulating and electrically insulating properties.

In particular for the transport of radioactive materials, the container according to the invention preferably comprises a lead layer as shielding layer (f)(ii). The lead layer (f) (ii) in turn is preferably in direct contact with the alloy layer (g). The layer thickness of the lead layer (f) (ii) is preferably 0.5 to 2 mm, for example about 1 mm.

In a further embodiment, the shielding layer (f) comprises a layer of bulletproof plastic (f) (iii), for example an aramid fiber such as Kevlar. The layer thickness of the plastic layer (f) (iii) is preferably 5 to 15 mm, for example approx. 10 mm. In one embodiment, the plastic layer (f) is (iii) without further Intermediate layers arranged between the lead layer (f) (ii) and the alloy layer (g). Containers according to the invention comprising a lead layer (f)(ii) and a layer of bulletproof plastic (f)(iii) are particularly suitable for military purposes and/or for radioactive material. Containers designed in this way, for example, offer a high level of protection against bullets.

Layer (g) can comprise a titanium-steel alloy, which preferably also contains molybdenum and/or tungsten and optionally vanadium, e.g. a titanium-molybdenum-tungsten-steel alloy. The alloy may, for example, have a content of 1 mol% to 10 mol%, preferably 2 to 5 mol% Ti, a content of 2 mol% to 5 mol%, preferably 3 to 5 mol% Mo , and / or a content of 0.1 mol% to 1 mol%, preferably from 0.3 mol% to 0.8 mol% V comprise. In preferred embodiments, 1-3 mol % W can be present.

The alloy in layer (g) preferably has a temperature resistance of at least 1300° C., preferably at least 1500° C., and/or a pressure resistance of at least 1000 MPa.

In another embodiment, layer (g) comprises an aluminum alloy, in particular a high-strength aluminum alloy such as AlZnMgCu1.5, Al-UT14, Alu7075 F52 etc. with a pressure resistance of at least 650 MPa and/or a melting point of at least 650°C.

The thickness of layer (g) is preferably from 2 to 10 mm, more preferably from 5 to 8 mm. The function of layer of layer (g) consists in particular as an extremely stable (against pressure and fire) outer metal housing of the container.

The layer (g) preferably has a profile, for example a corrugated profile or a trapezoidal profile. A trapezoidal profile is particularly preferred, in which case the distance between the upper chord and the lower chord can be about 2 to 3 cm. An optional layer of bulletproof plastic (h), eg made of an aramid fiber such as Kevlar) can represent the outer layer. The layer thickness of the plastic layer (h) is preferably 5 to 15 mm, for example approx. 10 mm. The protection against bullets can be further improved by the layer (h), in particular in combination with a further layer of bulletproof plastic (f) (iii) as described above.

In addition to the protective cover, the container according to the invention also has other security elements. A gas generator for generating a protective gas atmosphere, for example a nitrogen, carbon dioxide and/or inert gas atmosphere, in particular a nitrogen atmosphere, is installed inside the container. The gas generator is preferably designed in such a way that it contains the gas forming the protective gas atmosphere in compressed form and in an amount sufficient to completely fill the interior of the container with protective gas. The gas generator advantageously contains the protective gas in an amount which, under standard conditions of temperature and pressure (0° C.; 101.325 kPa), is at least 1.5, 2 or 5 times the internal volume of the container.

Furthermore, the container according to the invention contains a flooding unit which is located on the outside of the container and is provided for introducing protective material into the container through an access which can be closed, for example, with a valve or a flap. The flooding unit may include a reservoir for the protective material and/or means for supplying the protective material from an external source. The protective material can be gaseous, liquid or solid, e.g. a powder. Nitrogen, noble gas and/or carbon dioxide, for example, can be considered as the gaseous protective material. Water, for example, can be considered as the liquid protective material. Fire extinguishing powders such as silicate-based granules, aluminum oxide AI2O3-based granules, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, finely ground alkali chlorides (often sodium chloride), finely ground ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium sulphate, powders or granules (or mixtures thereof) can be considered as solid protective material. In a preferred embodiment a layered silicate, eg vermiculite, used in the form of particles or pellets as a solid protective material.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a protective material, e.g. pellets or beads made of a fire-retardant material such as SiC>2, Al2O3 or a silicate or aluminate, can also be present inside the container in the normal state, which provides additional protection in the event of a hazard.

The container also contains a sensor unit in its interior, which is set up to measure one or more parameters selected from pressure, temperature and gas composition. The sensor unit is in communication with a data processing unit, which is preferably located on the outside of the container, the data processing unit being set up to initiate measures to secure the container in response to a danger signal transmitted by the sensor unit.

The sensor unit is set up to measure the pressure, the temperature and/or the gas composition inside the container. Limit values can be provided for one or more of the monitored parameters, and when these are exceeded, the sensor unit sends a danger signal to the data processing unit.

The data processing unit can be in communication with the sensor unit via a wireless connection or via a physical connection to the sensor unit through the protective cover. In certain embodiments, the connection between the sensor unit and the data processing unit, which passes through the protective cover, is set up as an overpressure relief opening. This excess pressure relief opening can be provided, for example, as a thread with a diameter in the range from M8 to M20. In other embodiments, there may also be a separate excess pressure relief port. When a danger signal is transmitted by the sensor unit, the data processing unit is set up to emit a warning to secure the container and/or to initiate the introduction of protective material into the container. The warning can be an immediate visual and/or acoustic signal. Alternatively or additionally, the data processing unit can also transmit a warning signal via a transmitter to a remote receiver, for example via WLAN, GPS or a satellite-supported connection such as Indium or Inmarsat. Furthermore, the data processing unit can be set up to initiate the introduction of protective material into the container autonomously and/or a signal transmitted by an external operator. This can be done by generating a protective gas atmosphere through the gas generator inside the container and/or by introducing protective material into the container through the flooding unit located on the outside of the container.

The container according to the invention can also have, on the outside, one or more elements for electrical insulation from the environment, in particular elements for electrical insulation from the ground on its underside. Such elements can be made of rubber or electrically insulating plastic material, for example. In this case, insulation against ground fault is guaranteed.

In the following, preferred aspects of the invention are disclosed as part of the description.

1 . Container for quarantine of a dangerous object comprising:

- wherein the protective cover and a cover closing the opening or a door element closing the opening comprise several layers of fire-resistant and/or electrically insulating materials, the following layers being arranged from the inside to the outside: (a) a layer comprising a glass fiber material, in particular a temperature and pressure-resistant glass fiber,

(b) a layer comprising a sheet silicate, in particular vermiculite,

(d) a layer comprising a fluoropolymer,

(e) a layer comprising a basalt material, in particular a basalt fiber,

(f) a shielding layer selected from (i) a layer comprising graphite and optionally an insulating air layer, (ii) a lead layer, (iii) a bulletproof plastic layer, in particular a Kevlar layer, or a combination of several of these layers,

(g) a layer comprising a metal alloy, in particular a titanium-steel alloy, a titanium-molybdenum steel alloy, a titanium-molybdenum-tungsten steel alloy or an aluminum alloy,

(h) an optional bulletproof plastic layer, in particular a Kevlar layer,

- a gas generator for generating an inert gas atmosphere inside the container,

- an overpressure relief port.

2. Container according to aspect 1, which is set up for the quarantine of a vehicle, in particular a vehicle with an electric drive or a vehicle with a hydrogen drive. 3. Container according to aspect 1, which is set up to quarantine a battery of a vehicle with an electric drive, in particular a lithium-ion battery.

4. The container of aspect 1 configured to quarantine a fuel cell or fuel storage tank of a hydrogen-powered vehicle.

5. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that at least two of the layers (a) to (g) are connected to one another by lamination.

6. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the protective cover comprises a floor, side walls and a roof.

7. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the glass fiber in layer (a) is selected from glass fiber type Sto.

8. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the glass fiber in layer (a) has a temperature resistance of at least 1000° C. and/or a pressure resistance of at least 12 N/mm ² (12 MPa).

9. Container according to any one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the thickness of layer (a) is from 8 to 80 mm.

10. Container according to one of aspects 1-9, characterized in that the layered silicate in layer (b) has a temperature resistance of at least 1000° C. and/or a pressure resistance of at least 20 MPa.

11 . Container according to any of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the thickness of layer (b) is from 1 to 30 mm. 12. Container according to one of aspects 1 -11, characterized in that the electrically insulating fluoropolymer in layer (d) is selected from polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), perfluoroalkoxy polymer (PFA ).

13. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the electrically insulating fluoropolymer in layer (d) has a temperature resistance of at least 320° C. and/or a pressure resistance of at least 420 MPa.

14. A container according to any one of aspects 1-13, characterized in that the thickness of layer (d) is from 1 to 6 mm.

15. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the glass fiber composite material in layer (c) is selected from Resinpal and/or glass filament fabric.

16. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the glass fiber composite material in layer (c) has a temperature resistance of at least 1200° C. and/or a pressure resistance of at least 150 MPa.

17. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the thickness of layer (c) is from 1 to 8 mm, preferably from 1 to 3 mm.

18. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the basalt fabric in layer (e) has a temperature resistance of at least 750° C. and/or a pressure resistance of at least 3000 MPa.

19. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the thickness of layer (e) is from 1 to 50 mm, preferably from 3 to 25 mm. 20. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the shielding layer (f) comprises a layer of graphite material (f)(i).

21 . Container according to aspect 20, characterized in that the graphite material in layer (f)(i) comprises particles, in particular cylindrical structures.

22. Container according to aspect 20 or 21, characterized in that the thickness of layer (f)(i) is from 1 to 10 mm.

23. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the shielding layer (f) comprises a layer of lead (f) (ii).

24. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the shielding layer (f) comprises a layer of bulletproof plastic (f) (iii), in particular made of an aramide fiber such as Kevlar.

25. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the alloy in layer (g) contains a content of 1 to 10 mol %, preferably 2 to 5 mol % Ti.

26. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the alloy in layer (g) contains 2 to 5 mol %, preferably 3 to 5 mol % Mo.

27. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the alloy in layer (g) has a content of 0.1 mol% to 1 mol%, preferably 0.3 mol% to 0.8 mol% V contains.

28. Container according to any one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the thickness of layer (g) is from 2 to 10 mm. 29. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the gas generator is set up to generate a nitrogen atmosphere inside the container.

30. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the flooding unit is set up for introducing protective material selected from a gas, liquid or powder.

31 . Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the sensor unit is in communication with the data processing unit via a connection passing through the protective cover.

32. Container according to aspects 31, characterized in that the connection is set up as an overpressure relief opening.

33. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the data processing unit is set up to issue a warning to secure the container and/or to initiate the introduction of protective material into the container.

34. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that it contains elements for electrical insulation from the ground at least on its underside.

35. Container according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the layer (g) has a profile, in particular a trapezoidal profile.

36. Use of a container according to one of the preceding aspects for the stationary storage of a dangerous object.

37. Use of a container according to one of the preceding aspects for transporting a dangerous object. Another aspect of the invention is a bulletproof container for storing an item. Protection against pressure and temperature development inside is not mandatory for this container, unless it is used to store a flammable and/or explosive dangerous object. Such a container includes:

- a protective cover delimiting the container with a closable opening for inserting and removing an object,

- wherein the protective cover and the door element comprise several layers, the following layers being arranged at least partially from the inside to the outside:

- a bulletproof plastic layer, in particular a Kevlar layer, preferably with a thickness of 1 to 5 mm, more preferably of 2 to 4 mm, e.g. about 3 mm,

- a ceramic layer (please also specify the material), preferably with a thickness of 1 to 8 mm, more preferably 3 to 6 mm, e.g. about 4 mm, another bulletproof plastic layer, in particular a Kevlar layer, preferably with a thickness of 1 to 5mm, more preferably from 2 to 4mm, for example about 3mm,

- A layer comprising a metal alloy, in particular a titanium-steel alloy, a titanium-molybdenum steel alloy, or a titanium-molybdenum-tungsten steel alloy, the metal alloy inside and/or of a rubber layer, preferably with a thickness of 4 to 12 mm, more preferably 5 to 10 mm, and

- an optional ballistic resistant plastic layer, in particular a Kevlar layer, preferably with a thickness of 1 to 5 mm, more preferably of 2 to 4 mm, for example about 3 mm.

The configuration of the plastic layers or the metal alloy layer can be as described above in accordance with layers (f)(iii), (g) and (h).

The bulletproof container can be designed in such a way that it is stable with respect to Fire with armor-piercing ammunition, slugs, hollow-point projectiles, squash-head projectiles, rocket-propelled grenades and/or grenade launchers.

Furthermore, the invention is explained in more detail by the figures and examples mentioned below.

FIG. 1 shows a section through the protective cover of the container according to the invention. The layer (a) in contact with the interior of the container consists of a temperature-pressure-resistant glass fiber material. The next layer (b) consists of the sheet silicate vermiculite. This is followed by a layer (c) consisting of glass fiber composite material. This is followed by a layer (d) of a fluoropolymer intended for thermal and electrical insulation and a layer (e) of basalt fabric intended for fire protection. The next layer (f), in the embodiment shown, consists of graphite, which may be in an open, void-containing structure, e.g., a cylindrical structure. The outer layer (g) consists of a titanium-steel alloy, which preferably also contains molybdenum and/or tungsten. The structure and sequence of the individual layers provide optimal security for a hazardous object located inside the container by providing pressure compensation and thermal insulation.

FIG. 2 shows a perspective representation of a container 1 according to the invention, delimited by a protective cover, with an interior space 2 and an opening 3, which can be closed off fluid-tight by a 2 in the form of a flap 4, which can seal off the interior space 2 in a fluid-tight manner in the closed state. When open, it is possible to see a dangerous object, e.g. B. a vehicle on the lowered flap 4 in the interior 2 bring. To introduce a larger dangerous object, e.g. B. a vehicle or commercial vehicle, this can be pulled into the interior 2 by means of a traction cable and a cable winch (not shown).

A sensor unit 5 is provided in the interior 2, which is optionally made up of several separate sensors. The sensor unit 5 is set up to detect physico-chemical parameters, for example the temperature, the pressure and/or the gas composition, in particular the formation of flammable gas atmospheres and/or the formation of smoke, flames and sparks inside the container. The new measured values generated by the sensor unit 5 are transmitted via a wireless connection or a connection passing through the protective cover, e.g. B. a wire connection (not shown), to a data processing unit 6 on the outside of the container 1 is transmitted.

As soon as the data processing unit 6 recognizes from a danger signal transmitted by the sensor unit 5 that one or more of the monitored parameters are outside the predetermined safety range inside the container, it can initiate measures to secure the container, e.g. B. the delivery of an acoustic and / or visual warning signal and / or the introduction of protective material into the container by a flooding unit 7 on the outside of the container, which is set up for introducing protective material into the container through a closable access (not shown). Inside the container there is also a gas generator 8 for generating a protective gas atmosphere in the interior 2.

example 1

Quarantine container for lithium ion battery cells

In one embodiment of the invention, a container equipped with 7 functional layers for accommodating one or more lithium-ion battery cells from a motor vehicle is provided. The weight of the container is 285 kg and its internal volume is 1.25 m ³ The outer shell consists of a titanium-molybdenum-tungsten-steel alloy with a thickness of 4 mm, which has a trapezoidal profile. The container has a pressure resistance of up to 1000 KPa and a temperature resistance of up to 1200°C. Inside there is a device for generating nitrogen. The container can be flooded with water and/or nitrogen from the outside. The container is provided with a monitoring module. This module has sensors for temperature (eg -30°C - 1000°C), pressure (eg up to 1000 KPa), relative humidity (0 - 100%) and oxygen content (0-22%). The module is set up for automatic fault detection, leak testing and automatic alarming. In addition, the container has a self-sufficient power supply. It is also equipped with a USB interface, a GPS location function (track and trace), a GSM data exchange function and a satellite connection (eg Indium). A touch display (800 x 480 px) is attached to its outside.

It can be filled with battery cells weighing up to 700 kg. Charging and discharging is best done with battery individual cells, e.g. up to 12 individual cells with a total weight of 700 kg and 100 kWh. Vermiculite pellets can be used as filling material for optimal load securing.

example 2

Quarantine container for a motor vehicle

In a further embodiment of the invention, a container equipped with 7 functional layers is provided for accommodating a motor vehicle. The weight of the tank is 2,700 kg and its internal volume is 35 m ³ The outer shell is made of a titanium-molybdenum-tungsten-steel alloy with a thickness of 4 mm, which has a trapezoidal profile. The container has a pressure resistance of up to 1000 KPa and a temperature resistance of up to 1200°C. Inside there is a device for generating nitrogen. The container can be flooded with water and/or nitrogen from the outside.

By flooding the entire container with nitrogen, the battery cells can be prevented from re-igniting in the absence of oxygen. Optionally, by flooding the container with water up to a height of 80 cm, the battery cells of the vehicle can be prevented from re-igniting, for example for 72 hours. The container is provided with a monitoring module. This module has sensors for temperature (eg -30°C - 1000°C), pressure (eg up to 1000 KPa), relative humidity (0 - 100%) and oxygen content (0-22%). The module is set up for automatic fault detection, leak testing and automatic alarming. In addition, the container has a self-sufficient power supply. It is also equipped with a USB interface, a GPS location function (track and trace), a GSM data exchange function and a satellite connection (eg Indium). A touch display (800 x 480 px) is attached to its outside.

A motor vehicle of normal dimensions can be stored in this container.

Example 3

Test for temperature and pressure resistance

A simulation of the temperature and pressure resistance for the container described in Example 1 was carried out using the Multiphysics Comsol V 5.6 program. A vermiculite layer with a thickness of 30 mm was assumed.

It was assumed that the container was loaded with 3 lithium-ion battery cells (standard Li-Po cells with 8 kWh). The maximum burning time of the individual Li-Po cells was assumed to be 9 minutes each with a maximum temperature of more than 1700°C. The individual Li-Po cells ignited at different times.

As a result, it was found that almost all of the combustion heat was absorbed by the vermiculite layer. The layers of carbon and basalt further out served as additional layers of heat absorption and insulation. The metal of the outer case was hardly heated (temperature less than 50°C).

In a comparison experiment, a simulation was carried out with a corresponding container without functional layers. The heat of combustion was almost completely transferred to the outer metal layer, which reached a temperature of more than 1300°C, ie above the melting point. This would lead to the housing being destroyed, with a considerable environmental hazard.

Claims

24 claims

1 . Container for the quarantine of a dangerous object, comprising: a protective cover delimiting the container with a closable opening for introducing and removing the dangerous object, wherein the protective cover and a door element closing the opening comprise several layers of fire-resistant and/or electrically insulating materials, with from the inside to the outside the are arranged in the following layers:

(b) a layer comprising a sheet silicate, in particular vermiculite,

(d) a layer comprising a fluoropolymer,

(e) a layer comprising a basalt material, in particular a basalt fiber,

(g) a layer comprising a metal alloy, in particular a titanium steel alloy, a titanium molybdenum steel alloy or an aluminum alloy,

(h) an optional bulletproof plastic layer, in particular a Kevlar layer, a gas generator for generating a protective gas atmosphere inside the container, a flooding unit on the outside of the container for introducing protective material into the container through a lockable access, a sensor unit inside the container, which is set up to measure one or more parameters selected from pressure, temperature and gas composition, a data processing unit which is in communication with the sensor unit, wherein the data processing unit is set up to take measures for a signal transmitted by the sensor unit to induce fuse of the container, and an overpressure relief port.

2. Container according to claim 1, which is set up to quarantine a vehicle, in particular a vehicle with an electric or hybrid drive or a vehicle with a hydrogen drive.

3. Container according to claim 1, which is set up to quarantine a battery of a vehicle with an electric or hybrid drive, in particular a lithium-ion battery, or to quarantine a fuel cell or a fuel storage device of a vehicle with a hydrogen drive.

4. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glass fiber material in layer (a) is selected from glass fiber type STO and has a temperature resistance of at least 1000°C, preferably at least 1250°C and/or a pressure resistance of at least 1000 MPa , preferably of at least 5000 MPa.

5. Container according to one of Claims 1-4, characterized in that the layered silicate in layer (b) has a temperature resistance of at least 1000°C, preferably of at least 1300°C.

6. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glass fiber material in layer (c) is selected from glass fiber composite materials and has a temperature resistance of at least 500°C, preferably of at least 1000°C and/or a pressure resistance of at least 100 MPa, preferably of at least 1000 MPa.

7. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrically insulating fluoropolymer in layer (d) is selected from polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), and perfluoroalkoxy polymer (PFA) and a temperature resistance of at least 150°C, preferably at least 300°C.

8. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the basalt material in layer (e) has a SiCh content of at least 50 mol % and a temperature resistance of at least 750°C, preferably at least 1000°C.

9. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding layer (f) comprises a layer of graphite material (f)(i), the graphite material in layer (f)(i) preferably comprising particles and particularly preferably cylindrical structures.

10. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the graphite material in layer (f)(i) comprises an open structure with voids contained therein and has a temperature resistance of at least 4000°C, preferably at least 5000°C.

11 . Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alloy in layer (g) has a content of at least 10 mol% Ti + Mb + W, preferably up to 20 mol% Ti + Mb + W and a temperature resistance of at least 1200°C, preferably at least 1500°C and/or a pressure resistance of at least 1000 MPa, preferably at least 5000 MPa.

12. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a protective material, for example pellets or beads made of a fire-retardant material, is provided for the normal state in the interior. 27

13. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor unit is in communication with the data processing unit via a connection passing through the protective cover, the connection being set up as an overpressure relief opening.

14. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data processing unit is set up to emit a warning to secure the container and/or to initiate the introduction of protective material into the container.

15. Use of a container according to any one of the preceding claims for stationary storage or for transporting a dangerous object.