WO2023030844A1 - Verfahren zum detektieren von blasen oder tröpfchen eines ersten mediums in einem ein messrohr durchströmenden fluiden zweiten medium - Google Patents
Verfahren zum detektieren von blasen oder tröpfchen eines ersten mediums in einem ein messrohr durchströmenden fluiden zweiten medium Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023030844A1 WO2023030844A1 PCT/EP2022/072451 EP2022072451W WO2023030844A1 WO 2023030844 A1 WO2023030844 A1 WO 2023030844A1 EP 2022072451 W EP2022072451 W EP 2022072451W WO 2023030844 A1 WO2023030844 A1 WO 2023030844A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- temperature sensor
- heating element
- measuring point
- sensor
- medium
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005501 phase interface Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/704—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow using marked regions or existing inhomogeneities within the fluid stream, e.g. statistically occurring variations in a fluid parameter
- G01F1/7044—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow using marked regions or existing inhomogeneities within the fluid stream, e.g. statistically occurring variations in a fluid parameter using thermal tracers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/704—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow using marked regions or existing inhomogeneities within the fluid stream, e.g. statistically occurring variations in a fluid parameter
- G01F1/708—Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
- G01F1/7084—Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using thermal detecting arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/74—Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for detecting bubbles or droplets of a first medium in a fluid second medium flowing through a measuring tube, a first heating element being arranged on the measuring tube at a first measuring point, a second heating element being arranged on the measuring tube at a second measuring point, wherein the second measuring point is arranged at a distance from the first measuring point in the direction of flow. Furthermore, the invention relates to a sensor arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- Thermal flow sensors are known for determining a flow rate or the flow rate of a measurement medium or a fluid, for example a gas, gas mixture or a liquid. These use the fact that a (flowing) measuring medium transports heat away from a heated surface.
- Thermal flow sensors typically consist of several functional elements, usually at least a low-impedance heating element and a high-impedance resistance element, which serves as a temperature sensor. Alternatively, thermal flow sensors are constructed with several low-impedance heating elements as heaters and temperature sensors.
- Calorimetric thermal flow sensors determine the flow or the flow rate of the fluid in a channel via a temperature difference between two temperature sensors, which are arranged downstream and upstream of a heating element. For this purpose, use is made of the fact that the temperature difference is linear to the flow or the flow rate up to a certain point. This process or method is extensively described in the relevant literature.
- Anemometric thermal flow sensors consist of at least one heating element, which is heated during flow measurement. As the measuring medium flows around the heating element, heat is transported into the measuring medium, which changes with the flow rate. By measuring the electrical variables of the heating element, conclusions can be drawn about the flow rate of the measuring medium.
- Such an anemometric thermal flow sensor is typically operated in one of the following two control modes:
- the heating element With the "Constant-Current Anemometry" (CCA) control mode, the heating element is subjected to a constant current.
- the flow of the measuring medium changes the resistance of the Heating element and thus the voltage drop across the heating element, which represents the measurement signal.
- CVA Constant-Voltage Anemometry
- CTA Constant-Temperature Anemometry
- bubbles or droplets in the measurement medium can affect the validity and accuracy of the flow rate measurement.
- Various systems are available on the market today that are used to detect bubbles or droplets. These are based, for example, on ultrasonic measurement or on optical measurement.
- the invention is based on the object of providing an alternative possibility for detecting anomalies, in particular bubbles or drops, in a pipeline which overcomes the disadvantages mentioned above.
- the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and by a sensor arrangement according to claim 4.
- this serves to detect bubbles or droplets of a first medium in a fluid second medium flowing through a measuring tube, with a first heating element being arranged on the measuring tube at a first measuring point, with a second heating element being arranged on the measuring tube at a second measuring point is arranged, wherein the second measuring point is arranged at a distance from the first measuring point in the direction of flow, comprising:
- Simultaneous detection of the ambient temperature of the first measuring point by means of a first temperature sensor and the ambient temperature of the second measuring point by means of a second temperature sensor wherein for detecting the Ambient temperature of the first measuring point, a first electrical measured variable of the first temperature sensor is determined, and a second electrical measured variable of the second temperature sensor is determined for detecting the ambient temperature of the second measuring point, forming a difference between the first electrical measured variable and the second electrical measured variable, and comparing the amount of the difference with a reference threshold value, the presence of a bubble or a droplet being detected if the amount of the difference exceeds the reference threshold value at least for a short time.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to detect bubbles or droplets of a first medium in a second medium on the basis of the thermal principle.
- Two heating elements are required for this. These can, for example, be part of an already installed thermal flow sensor.
- the method enables detection independent of the flow rate of the second medium. Even flow velocities that change during the measurement do not affect the measurement, since the difference between the determined electrical measurement variables, which measurement variables allow a direct statement about the temperature present at the respective measuring point, is always formed. A changing flow rate has a direct effect on the ambient temperature at both measuring points, so that this change is canceled out by calculating the difference. This can be done analog or digital.
- a bubble is a gaseous body (first medium) within a liquid (second medium).
- a droplet is a liquid body (first medium) within a liquid (first medium) or a gas (second medium).
- the ambient temperature of the measuring point is that temperature which is directly in the area adjacent to the respective temperature sensor. This is essentially determined by the first or second medium.
- the dimension or size of the droplets or bubbles can be inferred from the magnitude of the amount of the difference.
- the flow rate of the second medium should be known.
- the first electrical measured variable is a first voltage drop across the first temperature sensor and/or a first current value flowing through the first temperature sensor
- the second electrical measured variable is a second voltage drop across the second temperature sensor and/or a second current value flowing through the second temperature sensor.
- Both physical measured variables are advantageously of the same type, for example voltage, current, etc.
- the two physical measured variables to correspond to different (analog) types and to be offset against one another by means of digitization.
- a time between a change in the first measured variable and a corresponding change in the second measured variable is recorded, with a flow rate of the bubble being determined on the basis of the recorded time and a known distance between the first measuring point and the second measuring point or of the droplet and/or the direction of flow of the fluid second medium or of the bubble or the droplet is determined.
- the flow speed of the fluid second medium can be derived from the flow speed of the bubble or the droplet. Since the measured variables do not change simultaneously, but depend on the point in time at which the bubble or droplet passed, it can be determined which measuring point the bubble or droplet passed first. The direction of flow of the fluid second medium, or of the bubble or of the droplet, can be derived from this.
- the sensor arrangement comprises a measuring tube, a first heating element, a second heating element, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor and a control/evaluation unit, the control/evaluation unit being designed to use the first heating element, the second heating element, to control the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor in such a way that the method according to the invention is carried out.
- a thermal flow sensor that has the required components can be used.
- An advantageous embodiment of the sensor arrangement according to the invention provides that the first temperature sensor is operated as a first heating element, with the second temperature sensor being operated as a second heating element.
- the first heating element and the first temperature sensor are separate elements, and the second heating element and the second temperature sensor are separate elements. All or individual ones of these heating elements and temperature sensors can be arranged on a common substrate or several individual substrates, or alternatively be applied directly to the measuring tube, for example by means of thick-film or thin-film technology.
- the first heating element and the second heating element or the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are PCT or NTC resistance elements, in particular consisting of platinum.
- heating elements and the temperature sensors are separate elements
- heating elements can also be used which have a material with a temperature coefficient of 0 ppm/K, which satisfies the temperature dependency of the separate temperature sensors.
- thermocouples are thermocouples.
- the first temperature sensor is structurally identical to the second temperature sensor.
- the temperature sensors can also be constructed differently. In this case, however, the corresponding deviations and their metrological effects must be known and, if necessary, compensated for.
- the first heating element is structurally identical to the second heating element.
- the heating elements can also be constructed differently. In this case, however, the corresponding deviations and their metrological effects must be known and, if necessary, compensated for.
- An advantageous embodiment of the sensor arrangement according to the invention provides that the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are arranged in a bridge circuit, with the first temperature sensor being connected in series with a first resistor and with the second temperature sensor being connected in series with a second resistor, with the first Resistor and the second resistor are identical.
- both physical measured variables can be recorded separately and digitally (for example using an analog-to-digital converter) and the difference can then be formed digitally.
- the measuring tube consists of an optically opaque, in particular metallic, material.
- the sensor arrangement according to the invention and the method can also be used in metal measuring tubes or pipelines.
- metallic materials in addition to metallic materials, other suitable materials or transparent materials can also be used for the measuring tube.
- the first heating element, the second heating element, the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, or the first temperature sensor operated as the first heating element and the second temperature sensor operated as the second heating element, are arranged on the outer wall of the measuring tube are.
- the first heating element, the second heating element, the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, or the first temperature sensor operated as the first heating element and the second temperature sensor operated as the second heating element are arranged inside the measuring tube are.
- Inside the measuring tube means that the second heating element, the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, or the first temperature sensor operated as the first heating element and the second temperature sensor operated as the second heating element, for example, are applied to or attached to the inner wall of the measuring tube could be.
- the second heating element, the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, or the first temperature sensor operated as the first heating element and the second temperature sensor operated as the second heating element to be plugged into the measuring tube and, for example, to be offset from the inner wall of the measuring tube are.
- the measuring points can also be designed differently - for example, the first measuring point (and the corresponding first heating element and/or the corresponding first temperature sensor) can be located outside of the measuring tube, while the second measuring point (and the corresponding second heating element and/or the corresponding second temperature sensor) is located inside the measuring tube, and vice versa.
- Fig. 1 a schematic representation of two exemplary applications of the invention sensor arrays
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram to illustrate the measuring principle of the sensor arrangement according to the invention
- FIG. 1 shows two exemplary structures or applications of a sensor arrangement which are designed to carry out the method according to the invention.
- a metallic measuring tube MR for example made of chromium steel, through which a fluid second medium MD2, for example water, flows in the direction of flow FR.
- a first temperature sensor TS1 is fitted on the outer wall of the measuring tube MR at a first measuring point MS1 and a second temperature sensor TS2 is fitted at a second measuring point MS2.
- the temperature sensors TS1, TS2 are two platinum elements (for example PT50), which are applied to a substrate using thin-film technology. As an alternative to platinum elements, thermocouples could also be used.
- thermosensor TS1, TS2 By introducing electrical current into the temperature sensors TS1, TS2, these can be used as heating elements HZ1, HZ2 for emitting electrical energy. It is therefore in each case a single element which can be operated as a temperature sensor and as a heating element.
- the temperature sensors TS1, TS2 and the heating elements HZ1, HZ2 are individual elements, that is to say are attached separately from one another at the position of the respective measuring points MS1, MS2.
- the heating elements HZ1, HZ2 or temperature sensors TS1, TS2 should be coupled to the second fluid medium MD2 as well as possible.
- Methods for attachment to the measuring tube and exemplary structures of the heating elements/temperature sensors to improve the heat transfer from the heating element HZ1, HZ2 to the second medium MD2, or from the second medium the temperature sensors TS1, TS2 are disclosed in DE 10 2016 116101 A1 or in DE 102018 130547 A1.
- the distance between the two measuring points MS1, MS2 depends on the size of the heating elements HZ1, HZ2, the diameter of the measuring tube MR1 and the average bubble or droplet size to be expected.
- a symmetrical structure of the heating elements HZ1, HZ2 or the temperature sensors TS1, TS2 in terms of physical parameters simplifies the activation of the sensor arrangement and the evaluation of the measured variables U1, U2.
- FIG. 1b shows an alternative structure of the sensor arrangement according to the invention.
- the heating elements HZ1, HZ, or the temperature sensors TS1, TS2 are designed as rods or ceramic plates, possibly surrounded by a protective cover (Thermowell) and attached and contacted inside the measuring tube MR the second medium MD2 immediately.
- a high sensitivity is achieved in this exemplary embodiment.
- the disadvantage is that the temperature sensors TS1, TS2 or the heating elements HZ1, HZ2 could be damaged by contact with the second medium MD2 and/or could influence the flow of the second medium MD2, for example by generating turbulence.
- the two heating elements HZ1, HZ2 are supplied with electrical current.
- An exemplary circuit diagram for this is shown in FIG. 2 if the heating elements HZ1, HZ2 and the temperature sensors TS1, TS2 are each designed as a common element.
- An electrical resistor R1, R2 is connected upstream of each of the heating elements/temperature sensors, resulting in a full bridge.
- a supply voltage U_VS is applied, the heating elements HZ1, HZ2 emit heat to the respective immediate surroundings of the first measuring point MS1 and the second measuring point MS2 by being supplied with electrical current.
- other types of circuit measurements can also be used, for example half bridges or digital detection of the two physical measured variables.
- the voltage U1 which is present in the voltage divider between the resistor R1 and the first temperature sensor TS1 and the voltage U2, which is present in the voltage divider between the resistor R1 and the first temperature sensor TS1 are recorded as electrical measured variables .
- the heat emitted by the heating elements HZ1, HZ2 is dissipated differently depending on the nature of the second medium MD2 and the flow rate, which means that (assuming a constant heating output, the respective temperature on the heating element HZ1, HZ2 and in the immediate vicinity of the heating element HZ1, HZ2 is different.
- the voltage across the temperature sensor TS1, TS2 thus changes, depending on the flow rate and the physical properties of the second medium MD2.
- the difference AU between the voltage U1 and the voltage U2 is now formed and recorded.
- passing bubbles BL can be easily distinguished from a change in the flow velocity.
- FIG. 3 Change in the difference AU when a bubble passes the two measuring points MS1, MS2
- FIG. 4 change in the flow velocity. Both figures show a graph based on real measurements, the ordinate of which represents the difference AU and the abscissa of which represents the course of time t. The curve of the recorded difference AU over time is shown in each case.
- the bubble detection method according to the invention is therefore independent of the flow.
- the method according to the invention can be applied to a large number of medium combinations (MD1 ⁇ ->MD2) and is not restricted exclusively to bubbles BL (in which the first medium is present in gaseous form). Droplets (the second medium is in liquid form, immiscible with the second medium ML2) can also be reliably detected. If bubbles BL or droplets occur regularly, the flow rate (time-of-flight) or flow direction FR can also be inferred (see FIG. 3). Knowing the distance d between the two
- a combination of a conventional thermal flow sensor (anemometric, calorimetric or time-of-flight), which usually has two heating elements HZ1, HZ2, with the method according to the invention is also possible.
- a thermal flow sensor measures the flow rate of the second medium MD2 in the measuring tube in a first measuring mode.
- the method according to the invention is carried out in a second measurement mode.
- the thermal flow sensor switches between the two measurement modes at regular intervals or alternately.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN202280059563.0A CN117980704A (zh) | 2021-09-02 | 2022-08-10 | 用于检测流过测量管的流体第二介质中的第一介质的气泡或液滴的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102021122790.9A DE102021122790A1 (de) | 2021-09-02 | 2021-09-02 | Verfahren zum Detektieren von Blasen oder Tröpfchen eines ersten Mediums in einem ein Messrohr durchströmenden fluiden zweiten Medium |
DE102021122790.9 | 2021-09-02 |
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WO2023030844A1 true WO2023030844A1 (de) | 2023-03-09 |
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PCT/EP2022/072451 WO2023030844A1 (de) | 2021-09-02 | 2022-08-10 | Verfahren zum detektieren von blasen oder tröpfchen eines ersten mediums in einem ein messrohr durchströmenden fluiden zweiten medium |
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CN (1) | CN117980704A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021122790A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2023030844A1 (de) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2001081872A1 (de) * | 2000-04-25 | 2001-11-01 | Sensirion Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum messen des flusses einer flüssigkeit |
DE102004030028A1 (de) * | 2004-06-22 | 2006-01-12 | SIMICON Gesellschaft für Hygiene-, Umwelt- und Sicherheitstechnik mbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung von nichtkondensierbaren Gasen und Dämpfen in einem Dampf-Gasgemisch mit gleichzeitiger Bestimmung der Massen-oder Volumenströme der untersuchten Probe |
EP3076137A1 (de) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-10-05 | Sensirion AG | Durchflusssensor zur bestimmung einer luftblase, insbesondere in einem katheter und entsprechendes verfahren |
DE102016116101A1 (de) | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-01 | Innovative Sensor Technology Ist Ag | Sensorelement und thermischer Strömungssensor zur Messung einer physikalischen Größe eines Messmediums |
EP3443995A1 (de) * | 2017-08-15 | 2019-02-20 | Biosense Webster (Israel) Ltd. | Detektion von blasen in spülflüssigkeit |
DE102018130547A1 (de) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | Innovative Sensor Technology Ist Ag | Sensorelement, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und thermischer Strömungssensor |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3939885A1 (de) | 1989-12-01 | 1991-06-06 | Siemens Ag | Stroemungsdetektor |
DE102005057687A1 (de) | 2005-12-01 | 2007-06-06 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung des Massedurchflusses eines fluiden Mediums |
AP2017009838A0 (en) | 2014-09-18 | 2017-03-31 | Csir | Electronically deriving a conclusion of the condition of slurry flow in a non-vertical conduit |
DE102014119556A1 (de) | 2014-12-23 | 2016-06-23 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Thermisches Durchflussmessgerät |
-
2021
- 2021-09-02 DE DE102021122790.9A patent/DE102021122790A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-08-10 CN CN202280059563.0A patent/CN117980704A/zh active Pending
- 2022-08-10 WO PCT/EP2022/072451 patent/WO2023030844A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001081872A1 (de) * | 2000-04-25 | 2001-11-01 | Sensirion Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum messen des flusses einer flüssigkeit |
DE102004030028A1 (de) * | 2004-06-22 | 2006-01-12 | SIMICON Gesellschaft für Hygiene-, Umwelt- und Sicherheitstechnik mbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung von nichtkondensierbaren Gasen und Dämpfen in einem Dampf-Gasgemisch mit gleichzeitiger Bestimmung der Massen-oder Volumenströme der untersuchten Probe |
EP3076137A1 (de) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-10-05 | Sensirion AG | Durchflusssensor zur bestimmung einer luftblase, insbesondere in einem katheter und entsprechendes verfahren |
DE102016116101A1 (de) | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-01 | Innovative Sensor Technology Ist Ag | Sensorelement und thermischer Strömungssensor zur Messung einer physikalischen Größe eines Messmediums |
EP3443995A1 (de) * | 2017-08-15 | 2019-02-20 | Biosense Webster (Israel) Ltd. | Detektion von blasen in spülflüssigkeit |
DE102018130547A1 (de) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | Innovative Sensor Technology Ist Ag | Sensorelement, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und thermischer Strömungssensor |
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DE102021122790A1 (de) | 2023-03-02 |
CN117980704A (zh) | 2024-05-03 |
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