WO2023029653A1 - Defrosting control method for outdoor unit of air conditioner, and air conditioner - Google Patents

Defrosting control method for outdoor unit of air conditioner, and air conditioner Download PDF

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WO2023029653A1
WO2023029653A1 PCT/CN2022/098667 CN2022098667W WO2023029653A1 WO 2023029653 A1 WO2023029653 A1 WO 2023029653A1 CN 2022098667 W CN2022098667 W CN 2022098667W WO 2023029653 A1 WO2023029653 A1 WO 2023029653A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air conditioner
air
defrosting
compressor
indoor unit
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PCT/CN2022/098667
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
阚荣强
任滔
刘江彬
孟庆良
刘景升
宋强
荣丹
Original Assignee
青岛海尔空调电子有限公司
青岛海尔空调器有限总公司
海尔智家股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023029653A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023029653A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing
    • F24F11/42—Defrosting; Preventing freezing of outdoor units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/46—Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/65—Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of air conditioners, and specifically provides a defrosting control method for an outdoor unit of the air conditioner and the air conditioner.
  • the air conditioner consists of two parts: the indoor unit of the air conditioner and the outdoor unit of the air conditioner.
  • the outdoor unit of the air conditioner When the air conditioner heats the room in winter, the outdoor unit of the air conditioner is used as an evaporator to absorb the heat from the outside, and the indoor unit of the air conditioner is used as a condenser to release heat to the room. heat.
  • the indoor unit of the air conditioner is used as a condenser to release heat to the room. heat.
  • Chinese patent application document discloses a defrosting control method for an air conditioner: when the air conditioner is in the heating mode, obtain the surface temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger; obtain the moisture content of the incoming air of the outdoor heat exchanger The amount of moisture and the moisture content of the air outlet; determine the frosting thickness of the outdoor heat exchanger based on the humidity content of the inlet air and the humidity of the outlet air; judge whether to enter the defrosting mode of the air conditioner according to the surface temperature and the thickness of the frosting.
  • this field needs a new defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner to solve the problem that the timing of defrosting the outdoor unit of the air conditioner in the existing air conditioner does not match the actual demand, thus affecting the performance and performance of the air conditioner.
  • User experience issues
  • the present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, that is, to solve the problem that the timing of defrosting the outdoor unit of the air conditioner in the existing air conditioner does not match the actual demand, thereby affecting the working performance of the air conditioner and user experience.
  • the present invention provides a defrosting control method for an outdoor unit of an air conditioner, including:
  • the air conditioner is controlled to enter the defrosting mode.
  • the step of "obtaining the real-time heating capacity Q of the indoor unit of the air conditioner” includes:
  • the refrigerant flow rate m per unit time in the air conditioner system is obtained by a calculation method, which specifically includes:
  • ⁇ is the heat loss coefficient
  • P comp is the power consumed by the compressor
  • h d is the exhaust enthalpy of the compressor
  • h s is the suction enthalpy of the compressor.
  • the discharge enthalpy value h d of the compressor and the suction enthalpy value h s of the compressor are obtained by calculation, and the obtaining method is specific include:
  • h d p 1 +p 2 ⁇ P d +p 3 ⁇ T d +p 4 ⁇ P d 2 +p 5 ⁇ P d ⁇ T d +p 6 ⁇ T d 2 ; among them, p 1 to p 6 are h The fitting coefficient corresponding to d ;
  • h s s 1 +s 2 P s +s 3 T s +s 4 P s 2 +s 5 P s T s +s 6 T s 2 , where s 1 to s 6 are h The fitting coefficient corresponding to s .
  • the enthalpy value h in of the inlet refrigerant of the indoor unit and the enthalpy value h out of the outlet refrigerant h out of the indoor unit are obtained by calculation, and the calculation formulas are respectively:
  • h in e 1 +e 2 ⁇ P in +e 3 ⁇ T in +e 4 ⁇ P in 2 +e 5 ⁇ P in ⁇ T in +e 6 ⁇ T in 2 ;
  • P in is the pressure of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit
  • T in is the temperature of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit;
  • h out k 1 +k 2 P out +k 3 T out +k 4 P out 2 +k 5 P out T out +k 6 T out 2 ; where k 1 to k 6 are h out
  • P out is the pressure of the refrigerant outlet of the indoor unit
  • T out is the temperature of the refrigerant outlet of the indoor unit.
  • the acquisition method of P in and P out is calculation, and the calculation method of the pressure P in of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit is:
  • ⁇ P d The calculation formula of ⁇ P d is: Wherein ⁇ 1 is the first resistance factor; ⁇ d is the exhaust density of the compressor; D 1 is the inner diameter of the discharge pipe of the compressor;
  • ⁇ d n 1 +n 2 ⁇ P d +n 3 ⁇ P d 2 +n 4 ⁇ P d 3 +n 5 ⁇ P d 4 +n 6 ⁇ P d 5 ;
  • n 1 to n6 is the fitting coefficient corresponding to ⁇ d ;
  • ⁇ P in is: Wherein ⁇ 2 is the second resistance factor; ⁇ in is the inlet refrigerant density of the indoor unit; D 2 is the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube of the indoor unit;
  • ⁇ in r 1 +r 2 ⁇ P in +r 3 ⁇ P in 2 +r 4 ⁇ P in 3 +r 5 ⁇ P in 4 +r 6 ⁇ P in 5 ; among them, P in is the refrigerant inlet pressure of the indoor unit, where r 1 to r 6 are fitting coefficients corresponding to ⁇ in .
  • the step of "obtaining the real-time average power Q dfmean required for defrosting" includes:
  • the step of "obtaining the frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger" includes:
  • the actual frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger at the frosting time t 2 is calculated based on the frosting speed m' f (t 2 ), and the calculation formula used is:
  • the calculation formula used to calculate the frosting speed m' f (t 2 ) of the outdoor heat exchanger based on the condensation speed m' w (t 2 ) and the frosting factor f is:
  • c p, v is the specific heat capacity of water vapor at constant pressure
  • T w1 is the wet bulb temperature of the air on the inlet side
  • T w2 is the wet bulb temperature of the air on the outlet side
  • T d1 is the dry bulb temperature of the air on the inlet side
  • T d2 is the dry bulb temperature of the air on the outlet side
  • d s1 is the saturated moisture content of the air on the inlet side corresponding to the dry bulb temperature
  • d s2 is the saturated moisture content of the air on the outlet side corresponding to the dry bulb temperature
  • ⁇ is water latent heat of vaporization
  • the step of obtaining the actual air volume Q(t 2 ) includes:
  • parameters a, b, and c are related to the structure of the outdoor heat exchanger itself, and are determined by data fitting.
  • the standard air volume Q std is the normal air volume of the outdoor heat exchanger when it is not affected by frosting factors. Air volume.
  • the present invention also provides an air conditioner, the air conditioner includes a memory, a processor, and an air conditioner defrosting control program stored in the memory and operable on the processor, the air conditioner defrosting control program is controlled by The processor implements the steps of the defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner described in any one of the above technical solutions when executed.
  • the defrosting control method of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner of the present invention includes: obtaining the real-time heating capacity Q of the indoor unit of the air conditioner; obtaining the real-time average power Q dfmean required for defrosting; When Q ⁇ Q dfmean , the air conditioner is controlled to enter the defrosting mode.
  • the present invention obtains the real-time heating capacity Q of the indoor unit of the air conditioner and the real-time average power Q dfmean required for defrosting, and controls the air conditioner to enter the defrosting mode when Q ⁇ Q dfmean .
  • the heating capacity of the indoor unit of the air conditioner will continue to attenuate, and the continuous thickening of the frost layer will reduce the power required for defrosting.
  • the present invention immediately controls the air conditioner to run the defrosting program for defrosting.
  • the running time of the defrosting program of this scheme is more accurate, and the defrosting point can be reasonably judged.
  • Fig. 1 is the flow chart of main steps of the defrosting control method of the air conditioner outdoor unit of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a flowchart of the steps of obtaining the real-time heating capacity Q of the indoor unit of the air conditioner according to the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the steps of obtaining the real-time average power Qdfmean needed for defrosting in the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the steps of obtaining the frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger according to the present invention.
  • this embodiment provides a defrosting method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner. Frost control method and air conditioner.
  • the defrosting control method of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner of the present invention comprises:
  • Step S1 Obtain the real-time heating capacity Q of the indoor unit of the air conditioner
  • Step S2 Obtain the real-time average power Q dfmean required for defrosting
  • Step S3 When Q ⁇ Q dfmean , control the air conditioner to enter the defrosting mode.
  • the step of "obtaining the real-time heating capacity Q of the indoor unit of the air conditioner” includes:
  • Step S11 Obtain the refrigerant flow rate m per unit time in the air conditioner system
  • Step S12 Obtain the enthalpy value h in of the inlet refrigerant and the enthalpy value h out of the outlet refrigerant of the indoor unit of the air conditioner;
  • the refrigerant flow rate m per unit time in the air conditioner system, the inlet refrigerant enthalpy value h in and the outlet refrigerant enthalpy value h out of the air conditioner indoor unit can be directly detected and obtained by sensors when the air conditioner is running, or can be Calculated by formula.
  • the refrigerant flow rate m per unit time in the air conditioner system is obtained by calculation, which greatly reduces the overall number of sensors in the air conditioner system, reduces the cost, and greatly reduces the damage rate of parts.
  • the following calculation method replaces the detection
  • the calculation method of refrigerant flow m includes:
  • ⁇ is the heat loss coefficient, generally ranging from 0.9 to 1;
  • P comp is the power consumed by the compressor;
  • h d (unit is KJ/kg) is the exhaust enthalpy of the compressor;
  • h s (unit is KJ/kg ) is the suction enthalpy of the compressor.
  • the power P comp consumed by the compressor, the exhaust enthalpy h d of the compressor and the suction enthalpy h s of the compressor can be directly detected by the sensor when the air conditioner is running, or can be obtained by calculated by the formula.
  • the discharge enthalpy value h d of the compressor and the suction enthalpy value h s of the compressor are obtained by calculation, and the obtaining methods specifically include:
  • the suction pressure P s of the compressor obtain the discharge temperature T d of the compressor and the suction temperature T s of the compressor; preferably, use the self-contained
  • the sensor directly detects the values of P d , P s , T d and T s ;
  • h d p 1 +p 2 ⁇ P d +p 3 ⁇ T d +p 4 ⁇ P d 2 +p 5 ⁇ P d ⁇ T d +p 6 ⁇ T d 2 ; among them, p 1 to p 6 are table The fitting coefficient corresponding to h d in 1;
  • h s s 1 +s 2 ⁇ P s +s 3 ⁇ T s +s 4 ⁇ P s 2 +s 5 ⁇ P s ⁇ T s +s 6 ⁇ T s 2 ;
  • s 1 to s 6 are table The fitting coefficient corresponding to h s in 2.
  • Table 1 Fitting coefficient table of compressor exhaust enthalpy h d
  • Table 2 Fitting coefficient table of compressor suction enthalpy h s
  • the enthalpy value h in of the inlet refrigerant of the indoor unit and the enthalpy value h out of the outlet refrigerant of the indoor unit are obtained by calculation, and the calculation formulas are respectively:
  • h in e 1 +e 2 ⁇ P in +e 3 ⁇ T in +e 4 ⁇ P in 2 +e 5 ⁇ P in ⁇ T in +e 6 ⁇ T in 2 ; among them, e 1 to e 6 are table Fitting coefficient corresponding to h in in 3; P in (unit is Kpa) is the pressure of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit, T in (unit is °C) is the temperature of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit;
  • h out k 1 +k 2 P out +k 3 T out +k 4 P out 2 +k 5 P out T out +k 6 T out 2 ;
  • k 1 to k 6 are Table 4
  • P out (in Kpa) is the pressure of the refrigerant outlet of the indoor unit
  • T out (in °C) is the temperature of the refrigerant outlet of the indoor unit.
  • Table 3 Fitting coefficient table of the inlet refrigerant enthalpy h in of the indoor unit
  • Table 4 Fitting coefficient table of the outlet refrigerant enthalpy h out of the indoor unit
  • the pressure P in of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit, the pressure P out of the refrigerant outlet of the indoor unit, the temperature T in of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit, and the temperature T out of the refrigerant outlet of the indoor unit can be directly measured by sensors when the air conditioner is running.
  • the detection acquisition can also be calculated by a formula.
  • the temperature T in of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit and the temperature T out of the refrigerant outlet of the indoor unit are directly detected and obtained by setting temperature sensors at the inlet and outlet of the indoor unit.
  • the method of obtaining P in and P out is calculation, and the calculation method of the pressure P in of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit is:
  • ⁇ 1 is the first resistance factor, which is related to the size, shape and connection mode of the pipeline;
  • ⁇ d (unit is kg/m 3 ) is the discharge density of the compressor;
  • D 1 is the inner diameter of the discharge pipe of the compressor;
  • ⁇ d n 1 +n 2 ⁇ P d +n 3 ⁇ P d 2 +n 4 ⁇ P d 3 +n 5 ⁇ P d 4 +n 6 ⁇ P d 5 ;
  • n 1 To n6 is the fitting coefficient corresponding to ⁇ d in Table 5;
  • ⁇ 2 is the second resistance factor, which is related to the size, shape and connection mode of the pipe;
  • ⁇ in (unit: kg/m 3 ) is the density of refrigerant at the inlet of the indoor unit;
  • D 2 is the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube of the indoor unit;
  • ⁇ in r 1 +r 2 ⁇ P in +r 3 ⁇ P in 2 +r 4 ⁇ P in 3 +r 5 ⁇ P in 4 +r 6 ⁇ P in 5 ;
  • P in (unit: Mpa) is the refrigerant inlet pressure of the indoor unit, where r 1 to r 6 are the fitting coefficients corresponding to ⁇ in in Table 6.
  • Table 5 Fitting coefficient table of exhaust gas density ⁇ d of the compressor
  • Table 6 Fitting coefficient table of the inlet refrigerant density ⁇ in of the indoor unit
  • the fitting coefficients p 1 to p 6 , s 1 to s 6 , e 1 to e 6 , k 1 to k 6 , n 1 to n 6 , and r 1 to r 6 are all related to the type of refrigerant.
  • the type of refrigerant in this embodiment is R410a.
  • the step of "obtaining the real-time average power Q dfmean required for defrosting" includes:
  • Step S21 Obtain the frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger
  • Step S22 According to the formula Calculate the average power required for defrosting
  • the unit of the real-time average power Q dfmean required for defrosting is (J), Is the defrosting rate factor, dimensionless, related to the performance of the machine; I (in J/kg) is the heat of solution; t 1 (in s) is the time required for defrosting, which usually limits the defrosting time Within a certain range, for example, 180 to 300s; the unit of actual frosting m f is (kg).
  • the frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger can be directly detected and obtained by a sensor, or can be calculated by a formula.
  • the step of "obtaining the frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger" by calculation includes:
  • Step S211 Obtain the actual air volume Q(t 2 ), the actual humidity d in of the air on the inlet side, and the actual air content in the air on the outlet side of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner at the frosting time t 2 since the last defrosting was completed. Humidity d out , and obtain the surface temperature T def of the outdoor heat exchanger of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner;
  • Step S212 Calculate the condensation speed m' w (t 2 ) of the outdoor heat exchanger based on the actual air volume Q(t 2 ), the actual humidity d in of the air on the inlet side, and the actual humidity d out of the air on the outlet side, And determine the frosting factor f based on the surface temperature T def of the outdoor heat exchanger;
  • Step S213 Calculate the frosting speed m' f (t 2 ) of the outdoor heat exchanger based on the condensation speed m' w (t 2 ) and the frosting factor f ;
  • Step S214 Calculate the actual frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger at the frosting time t 2 based on the frosting speed m' f (t 2 ).
  • the actual air volume Q(t 2 ), the actual moisture content d in of the air on the inlet side, the actual humidity content of the air on the outlet side d out , and the surface temperature T def of the outdoor heat exchanger of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner can all be It can be obtained through direct detection or calculation, so there is no restriction on the method of acquisition.
  • the calculation formula used to calculate the frosting speed m' f (t 2 ) of the outdoor heat exchanger based on the condensation speed m' w (t 2 ) and the frosting factor f is:
  • the calculation formula for calculating the condensation speed m' w (t 2 ) of the outdoor heat exchanger is:
  • c p, a is the specific heat capacity of dry air at constant pressure.
  • the specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure at 20 °C is 1.004 kJ/(kg K)
  • ⁇ is the density of air. Under standard conditions (0 °C , 1 standard atmospheric pressure (1atm)), the air density is about 1.29Kg/m3;
  • c p, v is the specific heat capacity of water vapor at constant pressure
  • the reference value is 1.865kJ/(kg K)
  • T w1 (unit is °C) is the wet bulb temperature of the air on the air inlet side, that is, the wet bulb temperature of the external environment, It can be measured by the relative humidity sensor, and the wet bulb temperature of the local external environment can also be obtained through the cloud server.
  • T w2 (unit is °C) is the wet bulb temperature of the air on the outlet side
  • T d1 (unit is °C)
  • T d2 (in °C) is the dry bulb temperature of the air on the outlet side, which can be directly measured by a sensor or calculated by detecting the suction pressure of the outdoor heat exchanger
  • d s1 is the air inlet Side air corresponds to the saturated moisture content at the dry bulb temperature
  • d s2 is the saturated moisture content of the air outlet side corresponding to the dry bulb temperature
  • the step of "determining the frosting factor f based on the surface temperature T def of the outdoor heat exchanger" includes:
  • the steps for obtaining the actual air volume Q(t 2 ) include:
  • the parameters a, b and c are related to the structure of the outdoor heat exchanger and determined by data fitting.
  • the standard air volume Q std is the normal air volume of the outdoor heat exchanger when it is not affected by frosting factors. It can be determined by the air volume experiment when the air conditioner products leave the factory. Wherein, the unit of the standard air volume Q std is (m 3 /s), the unit of the actual air volume Q(t 2 ) is (m 3 /s), and the unit of the actual frosting amount m f is (kg).
  • the advantage of the above setting method is that the defrosting control method of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner of the present invention utilizes the existing layout of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner without adding additional measurement equipment for the mass flow rate of the refrigerant and without increasing the cost of the air conditioner.
  • the temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and wet bulb temperature on the cloud service are used as input, combined with heating capacity calculation and defrosting power calculation, the calculation method is simple, does not require a huge amount of calculation, reduces the burden on the controller, and thus accurately Judging the timing of entering the defrosting program, so as to maximize the energy efficiency of the capacity within a certain period of time, and prevent the overall energy efficiency of the air conditioner from decreasing due to the continued operation of the heating efficiency lower than the defrosting efficiency.
  • the actual air volume of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner is added to the calculation of the amount of frosting, so that the calculation of the amount of frosting is more accurate, and the influence of air volume on the thickness of frosting is reduced, thereby increasing the accuracy of the timing of the defrosting program .
  • the air conditioner of the present invention can obviously be various types of air conditioners.
  • it may be a room air conditioner, a unitary air conditioner, or a multi-connected air conditioner, etc. Therefore, there is no limitation on the type of the air conditioner.
  • the present invention also provides an air conditioner, which includes a memory, a processor, and an air-conditioning defrosting control program stored on the memory and operable on the processor.
  • an air conditioner which includes a memory, a processor, and an air-conditioning defrosting control program stored on the memory and operable on the processor.
  • the air-conditioning defrosting control program is executed by the processor, the The steps of the defrosting control method in any one of the above implementation manners. It can be understood that since the air conditioner provided in this embodiment includes any implementation of the defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner described above, it must have the relevant advantages of the defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner described above, So I won't repeat them here.

Abstract

A defrosting control method for an outdoor unit of an air conditioner. The method comprises: acquiring a real-time heating capacity Q of an indoor unit of an air conditioner; acquiring a real-time mean power Qdfmean required for defrosting; and when Q ＜ Qdfmean, controlling the air conditioner to enter a defrosting mode. When a real-time heating capacity of an indoor unit of an air conditioner is less than a real-time mean power required for defrosting, the air conditioner is immediately controlled to run a defrosting program for defrosting. A defrosting point is rationally determined, and an occasion is more accurate, thereby improving the usage experience of a user, preventing a decrease in the overall energy efficiency caused by a heating capacity decreasing to be less than the power consumed by defrosting, and thus ensuring the energy efficiency during running of the air conditioner.

Description

空调器室外机的除霜控制方法及空调器Air conditioner outdoor unit defrosting control method and air conditioner 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及空调器技术领域，具体提供一种空调器室外机的除霜控制方法及空调器。The invention relates to the technical field of air conditioners, and specifically provides a defrosting control method for an outdoor unit of the air conditioner and the air conditioner.
背景技术Background technique
空调器包括空调器室内机和空调器室外机两部分，空调器在冬季对室内进行制热时，空调器室外机作为蒸发器使用吸收室外的热量，空调器室内机作为冷凝器使用向室内释放热量。这时，室外空气中的水蒸气在空调器室外机的室外换热器上遇冷会先凝结成水珠然后结霜，导致室外换热器与室外空气的换热能力降低，进而影响空调器的制热能力，所以需要对空调器室外机的室外换热器进行除霜。The air conditioner consists of two parts: the indoor unit of the air conditioner and the outdoor unit of the air conditioner. When the air conditioner heats the room in winter, the outdoor unit of the air conditioner is used as an evaporator to absorb the heat from the outside, and the indoor unit of the air conditioner is used as a condenser to release heat to the room. heat. At this time, when the water vapor in the outdoor air is cold on the outdoor heat exchanger of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner, it will first condense into water droplets and then frost, resulting in a decrease in the heat exchange capacity between the outdoor heat exchanger and the outdoor air, thereby affecting the air conditioner. Therefore, it is necessary to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner.
中国专利申请文件(CN109237727A)公开了一种用于空调器的除霜控制方法：空调器运行制热模式的情形下，获取室外换热器的表面温度；获取室外换热器的进风含湿量和出风含湿量；基于进风含湿量和出风含湿量来确定室外换热器的结霜厚度；根据表面温度以及结霜厚度，判断是否使空调器进入除霜模式。Chinese patent application document (CN109237727A) discloses a defrosting control method for an air conditioner: when the air conditioner is in the heating mode, obtain the surface temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger; obtain the moisture content of the incoming air of the outdoor heat exchanger The amount of moisture and the moisture content of the air outlet; determine the frosting thickness of the outdoor heat exchanger based on the humidity content of the inlet air and the humidity of the outlet air; judge whether to enter the defrosting mode of the air conditioner according to the surface temperature and the thickness of the frosting.
但是，由于现有的上述除霜控制方法仅通过室外换热器的进风含湿量和出风含湿量来确定室外换热器的结霜厚度，但是空调器室外机的风量发生改变时，使得计算得到的结霜厚度不准确，以致于对空调器室外机进行除霜的时机与实际除霜需求不符，从而造成空调器的制热能力大幅衰减的情况下进行除霜时，制热功率小于除霜功率，进而严重的影响了空调器的工作性能和用户使用体验的问题。However, since the above-mentioned existing defrosting control method only determines the frosting thickness of the outdoor heat exchanger through the moisture content of the air inlet and outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger, but when the air volume of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner changes , so that the calculated frosting thickness is inaccurate, so that the timing of defrosting the outdoor unit of the air conditioner does not match the actual defrosting demand, resulting in a large decrease in the heating capacity of the air conditioner. The power is less than the defrosting power, which seriously affects the working performance of the air conditioner and the user experience.
相应地，本领域需要一种新的空调器室外机的除霜控制方法来解决现有的空调器在对空调器室外机进行除霜的时机与实际需求不符，从而影响空调器的工作性能和用户使用体验的问题。Correspondingly, this field needs a new defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner to solve the problem that the timing of defrosting the outdoor unit of the air conditioner in the existing air conditioner does not match the actual demand, thus affecting the performance and performance of the air conditioner. User experience issues.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明旨在解决上述技术问题，即，解决现有的空调器在对空调器室外机进行除霜的时机与实际需求不符，从而影响空调器的工作性能和用户使用体验的问题。The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, that is, to solve the problem that the timing of defrosting the outdoor unit of the air conditioner in the existing air conditioner does not match the actual demand, thereby affecting the working performance of the air conditioner and user experience.
在第一方面，本发明提供一种空调器室外机的除霜控制方法，包括：In a first aspect, the present invention provides a defrosting control method for an outdoor unit of an air conditioner, including:
获取所述空调器室内机的实时的制热能力Q；Obtain the real-time heating capacity Q of the indoor unit of the air conditioner;
获取除霜所需的实时的平均功率Q dfmean； Obtain the real-time average power Q dfmean needed for defrosting;
当Q＜Q dfmean时，控制所述空调器进入除霜模式。 When Q<Q dfmean , the air conditioner is controlled to enter the defrosting mode.
在上述空调器室外机的除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，“获取所述空调器室内机的实时的制热能力Q”的步骤包括：In the preferred technical solution of the defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner, the step of "obtaining the real-time heating capacity Q of the indoor unit of the air conditioner" includes:
获取所述空调器系统内单位时间内的冷媒流量m；Obtain the refrigerant flow rate m per unit time in the air conditioner system;
获取所述空调器室内机的进口冷媒焓值h in以及出口冷媒焓值h out； Obtain the enthalpy value h in of the inlet refrigerant and the enthalpy value h out of the outlet refrigerant of the indoor unit of the air conditioner;
根据公式Q＝m·(h out-h in)计算所述室内机的实时的制热能力Q。 The real-time heating capacity Q of the indoor unit is calculated according to the formula Q=m·(h out −h in ).
在上述空调器室外机的除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，所述空调器系统内单位时间内的冷媒流量m由计算方式获得，计算方式具体包括：In the preferred technical solution of the defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner, the refrigerant flow rate m per unit time in the air conditioner system is obtained by a calculation method, which specifically includes:
所述空调器系统内冷媒流量m的计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000001
The calculation formula of the refrigerant flow m in the air conditioner system is:
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000001
其中ε为热损失系数；P comp为压缩机所消耗的功率；h d为所述压缩机的排气焓值；h s为所述压缩机的吸气焓值。 Where ε is the heat loss coefficient; P comp is the power consumed by the compressor; h d is the exhaust enthalpy of the compressor; h s is the suction enthalpy of the compressor.
在上述空调器室外机的除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，所述压缩机的排气焓值h d和所述压缩机的吸气焓值h s均是通过计算方式获得，获得方式具体包括： In the preferred technical solution of the defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner, the discharge enthalpy value h d of the compressor and the suction enthalpy value h s of the compressor are obtained by calculation, and the obtaining method is specific include:
获取所述空调器的所述压缩机的排气压力P d、所述压缩机的吸气压力P s、获取所述压缩机的排气温度T d和所述压缩机的吸气温度T s； Obtain the discharge pressure P d of the compressor of the air conditioner, the suction pressure P s of the compressor, obtain the discharge temperature T d of the compressor and the suction temperature T s of the compressor ;
所述压缩机的排气焓值h d和所述压缩机的吸气焓值h s的计算公式分别为； The calculation formulas of the discharge enthalpy h d of the compressor and the suction enthalpy h s of the compressor are respectively;
h d＝p 1+p 2·P d+p 3·T d+p 4·P d 2+p 5·P d·T d+p 6·T d 2；其中，p 1至p 6为h d所对应的拟合系数； h d ＝p 1 +p 2 ·P d +p 3 ·T d +p 4 ·P d 2 +p 5 ·P d ·T d +p 6 ·T d 2 ; among them, p 1 to p 6 are h The fitting coefficient corresponding to d ;
h s＝s 1+s 2·P s+s 3·T s+s 4·P s 2+s 5·P s·T s+s 6·T s 2，其中，s 1至s 6为h s所对应的拟合系数。 h s ＝s 1 +s 2 P s +s 3 T s +s 4 P s 2 +s 5 P s T s +s 6 T s 2 , where s 1 to s 6 are h The fitting coefficient corresponding to s .
在上述空调器室外机的除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，所述压缩机耗功P comp通过计算方式获取，计算所述压缩机耗功P comp的公式为：P comp＝U·I；其中，U为所述压缩机的电压，I为所述压缩机的电流。 In the preferred technical solution of the defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner, the compressor power consumption P comp is obtained by calculation, and the formula for calculating the compressor power consumption P comp is: P comp =U·I; Wherein, U is the voltage of the compressor, and I is the current of the compressor.
在上述空调器室外机的除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，所述室内机的进口冷媒焓值h in以及所述室内机的出口冷媒焓值h out为计算获得，计算公式分别为： In the preferred technical solution of the defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner, the enthalpy value h in of the inlet refrigerant of the indoor unit and the enthalpy value h out of the outlet refrigerant h out of the indoor unit are obtained by calculation, and the calculation formulas are respectively:
h in＝e 1+e 2·P in+e 3·T in+e 4·P in 2+e 5·P in·T in+e 6·T in 2；其中e 1至e 6为h in所对应的拟合系数；P in为所述室内机冷媒进口的压力，T in为所述室内机冷媒进口的温度； h in ＝e 1 +e 2 ·P in +e 3 ·T in +e 4 ·P in 2 +e 5 ·P in ·T in +e 6 ·T in 2 ; where e 1 to e 6 are h in The corresponding fitting coefficient; P in is the pressure of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit, and T in is the temperature of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit;
h out＝k 1+k 2·P out+k 3·T out+k 4·P out 2+k 5·P out·T out+k 6·T out 2；其中k 1至k 6为h out所对应的拟合系数；P out为所述室内机冷媒出口的压力，T out为所述室内机冷媒出口的温度。 h out ＝k 1 +k 2 P out +k 3 T out +k 4 P out 2 +k 5 P out T out +k 6 T out 2 ; where k 1 to k 6 are h out The corresponding fitting coefficient; P out is the pressure of the refrigerant outlet of the indoor unit, and T out is the temperature of the refrigerant outlet of the indoor unit.
在上述空调器室外机的除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，P in和P out的获取方式为计算获得，所述室内机冷媒进口的压力P in的计算方式为： In the preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner, the acquisition method of P in and P out is calculation, and the calculation method of the pressure P in of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit is:
P in＝P d-ΔP d；其中ΔP d为所述压缩机的排气压降； P in =P d -ΔP d ; where ΔP d is the discharge pressure drop of the compressor;
ΔP d的计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000002
其中ξ 1为第一阻力因子；ρ d为所述压缩机的排气密度；D 1为所述压缩机的排气管内径； The calculation formula of ΔP d is:
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000002
Wherein ξ 1 is the first resistance factor; ρ d is the exhaust density of the compressor; D 1 is the inner diameter of the discharge pipe of the compressor;
ρ d的计算公式为：ρ d＝n 1+n 2·P d+n 3·P d 2+n 4·P d 3+n 5·P d 4+n 6·P d 5；其中n 1至n 6为ρ d所对应的拟合系数； The calculation formula of ρ d is: ρ d =n 1 +n 2 ·P d +n 3 ·P d 2 +n 4 ·P d 3 +n 5 ·P d 4 +n 6 ·P d 5 ; where n 1 to n6 is the fitting coefficient corresponding to ρ d ;
所述室内机冷媒出口压力P out的计算公式为：P out＝P in-ΔP in；其中，P in为所述室内机冷媒进口压力；ΔP in为所述室内机的吸气压降； The formula for calculating the refrigerant outlet pressure P out of the indoor unit is: P out =P in -ΔP in ; wherein, P in is the refrigerant inlet pressure of the indoor unit; ΔP in is the suction pressure drop of the indoor unit;
ΔP in的计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000003
其中ξ 2为第二阻力因子；ρ in为所述室内机进口冷媒密度；D 2为所述室内机的换热管内径； The calculation formula of ΔP in is:
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000003
Wherein ξ 2 is the second resistance factor; ρ in is the inlet refrigerant density of the indoor unit; D 2 is the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube of the indoor unit;
ρ in的计算公式为：ρ in＝r 1+r 2·P in+r 3·P in 2+r 4·P in 3+r 5·P in 4+r 6·P in 5；其中，P in为所述室内机冷媒进口压力，其中r 1至r 6为ρ in所对应的拟合系数。 The calculation formula of ρ in is: ρ in =r 1 +r 2 ·P in +r 3 ·P in 2 +r 4 ·P in 3 +r 5 ·P in 4 +r 6 ·P in 5 ; among them, P in is the refrigerant inlet pressure of the indoor unit, where r 1 to r 6 are fitting coefficients corresponding to ρ in .
在上述空调器室外机的除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，“获取除霜所需的实时的平均功率Q dfmean”的步骤包括： In the preferred technical solution of the defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner, the step of "obtaining the real-time average power Q dfmean required for defrosting" includes:
获取室外换热器的结霜量m f； Obtain the frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger;
根据公式
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000004
计算除霜所需的平均功率；其中，
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000005
为除霜倍率因子，无量纲，与机器性能有关；I为溶解热；t 1为除霜所需时间。 According to the formula
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000004
Calculate the average power required for defrosting; where,
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000005
Is the defrosting magnification factor, dimensionless, related to the performance of the machine; I is the heat of solution; t 1 is the time required for defrosting.
在上述空调器室外机的除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，“获取室外换热器的结霜量m f”的步骤包括： In the preferred technical solution of the defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner, the step of "obtaining the frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger" includes:
获取所述空调器室外机自上次除霜完成后起算的在结霜时间t 2时的实际风量Q(t 2)、进风侧空气实际含湿量d in和出风侧空气实际含湿量d out，并获取所述空调器室外机的室外换热器表面温度T def； Obtain the actual air volume Q(t 2 ), the actual humidity d in of the air on the inlet side, and the actual humidity in the air on the outlet side of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner at the frosting time t 2 since the last defrosting was completed. measure d out , and obtain the surface temperature T def of the outdoor heat exchanger of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner;
基于所述实际风量Q(t 2)、所述进风侧空气实际含湿量d in和所述出风侧空气实际含湿量d out计算所述室外换热器的凝露速度m' w(t 2)，并基于所述室外换热器表面温度T def确定结霜因子f； Calculate the condensation speed m'w of the outdoor heat exchanger based on the actual air volume Q(t 2 ), the actual moisture content d in of the air inlet side and the actual moisture content d out of the air outlet side (t 2 ), and determine the frosting factor f based on the surface temperature T def of the outdoor heat exchanger;
基于所述凝露速度m' w(t 2)和所述结霜因子f计算所述室外换热器的结霜速度m' f(t 2)； calculating the frosting rate m' f (t 2 ) of the outdoor heat exchanger based on the condensation rate m' w (t 2 ) and the frosting factor f ;
基于所述结霜速度m' f(t 2)计算所述室外换热器在所述结霜时间t 2的实际结霜量m f，所用的计算公式为： The actual frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger at the frosting time t 2 is calculated based on the frosting speed m' f (t 2 ), and the calculation formula used is:
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000006
基于所述凝露速度m' w(t 2)和所述结霜因子f计算所述室外换热器的结霜速度m' f(t 2)所用的计算公式为： The calculation formula used to calculate the frosting speed m' f (t 2 ) of the outdoor heat exchanger based on the condensation speed m' w (t 2 ) and the frosting factor f is:
m' f(t 2)＝f·m' w(t 2)； m' f (t 2 ) = f·m' w (t 2 );
计算所述室外换热器的凝露速度m' w(t 2)的计算公式为： The calculation formula for calculating the condensation velocity m' w (t 2 ) of the outdoor heat exchanger is:
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000007
其中c p,a为干空气定压比热容，ρ 空为空气的密度；
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000007
Where c p, a is the specific heat capacity of dry air at constant pressure, and ρ is the density of air ;
所述进风侧空气实际含湿量d in的计算公式为： The formula for calculating the actual moisture content d in of the air on the inlet side is:
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000008
所述进风侧空气实际含湿量d out的计算公式为： The formula for calculating the actual humidity d out of the air on the inlet side is:
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000009
其中，c p,v为水蒸气定压比热容，T w1为进风侧空气的湿球温度，T w2为出风侧空气的湿球温度，T d1为进风侧空气的干球温度，T d2为出风侧空气的干球温度，d s1为进风侧空气对应干球温度下的饱和含湿量，d s2为出风 侧空气对应干球温度下的饱和含湿量，γ为水的汽化潜热； Among them, c p, v is the specific heat capacity of water vapor at constant pressure, T w1 is the wet bulb temperature of the air on the inlet side, T w2 is the wet bulb temperature of the air on the outlet side, T d1 is the dry bulb temperature of the air on the inlet side, T d2 is the dry bulb temperature of the air on the outlet side, d s1 is the saturated moisture content of the air on the inlet side corresponding to the dry bulb temperature, d s2 is the saturated moisture content of the air on the outlet side corresponding to the dry bulb temperature, and γ is water latent heat of vaporization;
“基于所述室外换热器表面温度T def确定结霜因子f”的步骤包括：当T ref＞0时，f＝0；并且，当T ref≤0时，f＝1； The step of "determining the frosting factor f based on the surface temperature T def of the outdoor heat exchanger" includes: when T ref >0, f=0; and, when T ref ≤0, f=1;
获取所述实际风量Q(t 2)的步骤包括： The step of obtaining the actual air volume Q(t 2 ) includes:
当t 2＝0时，所述实际风量为标准风量Q std； When t 2 =0, the actual air volume is the standard air volume Q std ;
当t 2＞0时，在t 2时刻的所述实际风量的计算公式为： When t 2 >0, the calculation formula of the actual air volume at time t 2 is:
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000010
其中，参数a、b和c与室外换热器的自身结构有关，并通过数据拟合的方式确定，所述标准风量Q std为所述室外换热器在不受结霜因素影响时的正常风量。
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000010
Among them, parameters a, b, and c are related to the structure of the outdoor heat exchanger itself, and are determined by data fitting. The standard air volume Q std is the normal air volume of the outdoor heat exchanger when it is not affected by frosting factors. Air volume.
本发明还提供了一种空调器，所述空调器包括存储器、处理器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的空调除霜控制程序，所述空调除霜控制程序被所述处理器执行时实现上述技术方案中任一项所述的空调器室外机的除霜控制方法的步骤。The present invention also provides an air conditioner, the air conditioner includes a memory, a processor, and an air conditioner defrosting control program stored in the memory and operable on the processor, the air conditioner defrosting control program is controlled by The processor implements the steps of the defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner described in any one of the above technical solutions when executed.
本领域技术人员能够理解的是，本发明的空调器室外机的除霜控制方法包括：获取空调器室内机的实时的制热能力Q；获取除霜所需的实时的平均功率Q dfmean；当Q＜Q dfmean时，控制空调器进入除霜模式。 Those skilled in the art can understand that the defrosting control method of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner of the present invention includes: obtaining the real-time heating capacity Q of the indoor unit of the air conditioner; obtaining the real-time average power Q dfmean required for defrosting; When Q<Q dfmean , the air conditioner is controlled to enter the defrosting mode.
在采用上述技术方案的情况下，本发明通过获取空调器室内机的实时制热能力Q和除霜所需的实时的平均功率Q dfmean，当Q＜Q dfmean时，控制空调器进入除霜模式。在冬季制热时，随着空调器的室外换热器上结霜的进行，空调器的室内机的制热能力会不断的衰减，而霜层不断的增厚使除霜所需的功率也逐渐增大，当空调器的室内机的制热能力小于除霜所需的功率时，如果继续正常运行下去，导致空调器的制热能力不及除霜所消耗的功率，从而导致整体能效的降低，所以本发明在空调器室内机的实时制热能力小于除霜所需的实时的平均功率时，立刻控制空调器运行除霜程序进行除霜。相较于现有的通过获取空调器的室外换热器上霜层的厚度来判断空调器的除霜程序的运行，本方案的除霜程序的运行时机更为准确，合理判断除霜点，防止制热能力下降而不及除霜所消耗的功率从而降低整体能效，进而保证了空调运行期间的能效，使每度电为室内所产生的热能更多，提升了用户的使用体验。 In the case of adopting the above technical solution, the present invention obtains the real-time heating capacity Q of the indoor unit of the air conditioner and the real-time average power Q dfmean required for defrosting, and controls the air conditioner to enter the defrosting mode when Q<Q dfmean . When heating in winter, with the progress of frost on the outdoor heat exchanger of the air conditioner, the heating capacity of the indoor unit of the air conditioner will continue to attenuate, and the continuous thickening of the frost layer will reduce the power required for defrosting. Gradually increasing, when the heating capacity of the indoor unit of the air conditioner is less than the power required for defrosting, if it continues to operate normally, the heating capacity of the air conditioner will be lower than the power consumed by defrosting, resulting in a decrease in overall energy efficiency Therefore, when the real-time heating capacity of the indoor unit of the air conditioner is less than the real-time average power required for defrosting, the present invention immediately controls the air conditioner to run the defrosting program for defrosting. Compared with the existing method of judging the operation of the defrosting program of the air conditioner by obtaining the thickness of the frost layer on the outdoor heat exchanger of the air conditioner, the running time of the defrosting program of this scheme is more accurate, and the defrosting point can be reasonably judged. It prevents the heating capacity from falling below the power consumed by defrosting, thereby reducing the overall energy efficiency, thereby ensuring the energy efficiency during the operation of the air conditioner, so that each kilowatt-hour of electricity can generate more heat for the room, and improve the user experience.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式，附图中：Describe preferred embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, in the accompanying drawing:
图1是本发明的空调器室外机的除霜控制方法的主要步骤流程图；Fig. 1 is the flow chart of main steps of the defrosting control method of the air conditioner outdoor unit of the present invention;
图2是本发明的获取空调器室内机的实时的制热能力Q的步骤流程图；Fig. 2 is a flowchart of the steps of obtaining the real-time heating capacity Q of the indoor unit of the air conditioner according to the present invention;
图3是本发明的获取除霜所需的实时的平均功率Q dfmean的步骤流程图； Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the steps of obtaining the real-time average power Qdfmean needed for defrosting in the present invention;
图4是本发明的获取室外换热器的结霜量m f的步骤流程图。 Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the steps of obtaining the frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。本领域技术人员可以根据需要对其作出调整，以便适应具体的应用场合。Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make adjustments as needed so as to adapt to specific applications.
需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for description purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
为解决现有的空调器在对空调器室外机进行除霜的时机与实际需求不符，从而影响空调器的工作性能和用户使用体验的问题，本实施例提供了一种空调器室外机的除霜控制方法及空调器。In order to solve the problem that the timing of defrosting the outdoor unit of the air conditioner does not match the actual demand in the existing air conditioner, thereby affecting the working performance of the air conditioner and the user experience, this embodiment provides a defrosting method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner. Frost control method and air conditioner.
首先，如图1所示，本发明的空调器室外机的除霜控制方法包括：First, as shown in Figure 1, the defrosting control method of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner of the present invention comprises:
步骤S1：获取空调器室内机的实时的制热能力Q；Step S1: Obtain the real-time heating capacity Q of the indoor unit of the air conditioner;
步骤S2：获取除霜所需的实时的平均功率Q dfmean； Step S2: Obtain the real-time average power Q dfmean required for defrosting;
步骤S3：当Q＜Q dfmean时，控制空调器进入除霜模式。 Step S3: When Q<Q dfmean , control the air conditioner to enter the defrosting mode.
如图2所示，进一步地，“获取空调器室内机的实时的制热能力Q”的步骤包括：As shown in Figure 2, further, the step of "obtaining the real-time heating capacity Q of the indoor unit of the air conditioner" includes:
步骤S11：获取空调器系统内单位时间内的冷媒流量m；Step S11: Obtain the refrigerant flow rate m per unit time in the air conditioner system;
步骤S12：获取空调器室内机的进口冷媒焓值h in以及出口冷媒焓值h out； Step S12: Obtain the enthalpy value h in of the inlet refrigerant and the enthalpy value h out of the outlet refrigerant of the indoor unit of the air conditioner;
步骤S13：根据公式Q＝m·(h out-h in)计算所述室内机的实时的制热能 Step S13: Calculate the real-time heating energy of the indoor unit according to the formula Q=m·(h out -h in )
力Q。Force Q.
可以理解的是，空调器系统内单位时间内的冷媒流量m、空调器室内机的进口冷媒焓值h in以及出口冷媒焓值h out可以在空调器运行时直接通过传感器进行检测获取，也可以通过公式计算得出。 It can be understood that the refrigerant flow rate m per unit time in the air conditioner system, the inlet refrigerant enthalpy value h in and the outlet refrigerant enthalpy value h out of the air conditioner indoor unit can be directly detected and obtained by sensors when the air conditioner is running, or can be Calculated by formula.
进一步地，空调器系统内单位时间内的冷媒流量m由计算方式获得，从而使得空调器系统的整体传感器数量大大降低，使得成本降低的同时，零件损坏率也大大降低，下面的计算方式代替检测的方式同理，冷媒流量m的计算方式具体包括：Furthermore, the refrigerant flow rate m per unit time in the air conditioner system is obtained by calculation, which greatly reduces the overall number of sensors in the air conditioner system, reduces the cost, and greatly reduces the damage rate of parts. The following calculation method replaces the detection In the same way, the calculation method of refrigerant flow m includes:
空调器系统内冷媒流量m的计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000011
The formula for calculating the refrigerant flow m in the air conditioner system is:
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000011
其中，ε为热损失系数，一般取0.9至1；P comp为压缩机所消耗的功率；h d(单位为KJ/kg)为压缩机的排气焓值；h s(单位为KJ/kg)为压缩机的吸气焓值。 Among them, ε is the heat loss coefficient, generally ranging from 0.9 to 1; P comp is the power consumed by the compressor; h d (unit is KJ/kg) is the exhaust enthalpy of the compressor; h s (unit is KJ/kg ) is the suction enthalpy of the compressor.
可以理解的是，压缩机所消耗的功率P comp、压缩机的排气焓值h d和压缩机的吸气焓值h s可以在空调器运行时通过传感器直接进行检测而获取，也可以通过公式计算得出。 It can be understood that the power P comp consumed by the compressor, the exhaust enthalpy h d of the compressor and the suction enthalpy h s of the compressor can be directly detected by the sensor when the air conditioner is running, or can be obtained by calculated by the formula.
压缩机的排气焓值h d和压缩机的吸气焓值h s通过计算方式获得，获得方式具体包括： The discharge enthalpy value h d of the compressor and the suction enthalpy value h s of the compressor are obtained by calculation, and the obtaining methods specifically include:
获取空调器的压缩机的排气压力P d、压缩机的吸气压力P s、获取压缩机的排气温度T d和压缩机的吸气温度T s；优选地，利用空调器上自带的传感器直接检测P d、P s、T d和T s的数值； Obtain the discharge pressure P d of the compressor of the air conditioner, the suction pressure P s of the compressor, obtain the discharge temperature T d of the compressor and the suction temperature T s of the compressor; preferably, use the self-contained The sensor directly detects the values of P d , P s , T d and T s ;
压缩机的排气焓值h d和压缩机的吸气焓值h s的计算公式分别为； The calculation formulas of the discharge enthalpy h d of the compressor and the suction enthalpy h s of the compressor are respectively;
h d＝p 1+p 2·P d+p 3·T d+p 4·P d 2+p 5·P d·T d+p 6·T d 2；其中，p 1至p 6为表1中h d所对应的拟合系数； h d ＝p 1 +p 2 ·P d +p 3 ·T d +p 4 ·P d 2 +p 5 ·P d ·T d +p 6 ·T d 2 ; among them, p 1 to p 6 are table The fitting coefficient corresponding to h d in 1;
h s＝s 1+s 2·P s+s 3·T s+s 4·P s 2+s 5·P s·T s+s 6·T s 2；其中，s 1至s 6为表2中h s所对应的拟合系数。 h s ＝s 1 +s 2 ·P s +s 3 ·T s +s 4 ·P s 2 +s 5 ·P s ·T s +s 6 ·T s 2 ; where, s 1 to s 6 are table The fitting coefficient corresponding to h s in 2.
表1：压缩机的排气焓值h d的拟合系数表 Table 1: Fitting coefficient table of compressor exhaust enthalpy h d
 the p 1 p 1 p 2 p 2 p 3 p 3 p 4 p 4 p 5 p 5 p 6 p 6
h d h d 443.7443.7 -24.98-24.98 0.7910.791 -3.331-3.331 0.33130.3313 -0.0008887-0.0008887
表2：压缩机的吸气焓值h s的拟合系数表 Table 2: Fitting coefficient table of compressor suction enthalpy h s
 the s 1 s 1 s 2 s 2 s 3 s 3 s 4 s 4 s 5 s 5 s 6 s 6
h s h s 443.7443.7 -24.98-24.98 0.7910.791 -3.331-3.331 0.33130.3313 -0.0008887-0.0008887
压缩机耗功P comp通过计算方式获取，计算压缩机耗功P comp的公式为：P comp＝U·I；其中，U为压缩机的电压，即额定电压，I为压缩机的电流，通过电流表读取。 The power consumption P comp of the compressor is obtained by calculation, and the formula for calculating the power consumption P comp of the compressor is: P comp = U I; where U is the voltage of the compressor, that is, the rated voltage, and I is the current of the compressor. ammeter reading.
进一步地，室内机的进口冷媒焓值h in以及室内机的出口冷媒焓值h out为计算获得，计算公式分别为： Further, the enthalpy value h in of the inlet refrigerant of the indoor unit and the enthalpy value h out of the outlet refrigerant of the indoor unit are obtained by calculation, and the calculation formulas are respectively:
h in＝e 1+e 2·P in+e 3·T in+e 4·P in 2+e 5·P in·T in+e 6·T in 2；其中，e 1至e 6为表3中h in所对应的拟合系数；P in(单位为Kpa)为室内机冷媒进口的压力，T in(单位为℃)为室内机冷媒进口的温度； h in ＝e 1 +e 2 ·P in +e 3 ·T in +e 4 ·P in 2 +e 5 ·P in ·T in +e 6 ·T in 2 ; among them, e 1 to e 6 are table Fitting coefficient corresponding to h in in 3; P in (unit is Kpa) is the pressure of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit, T in (unit is ℃) is the temperature of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit;
h out＝k 1+k 2·P out+k 3·T out+k 4·P out 2+k 5·P out·T out+k 6·T out 2；其中k 1至k 6为表4中h out所对应的拟合系数；P out(单位为Kpa)为室内机冷媒出口的压力，T out(单位为℃)为室内机冷媒出口的温度。 h out ＝k 1 +k 2 P out +k 3 T out +k 4 P out 2 +k 5 P out T out +k 6 T out 2 ; where k 1 to k 6 are Table 4 The fitting coefficient corresponding to h out in the middle; P out (in Kpa) is the pressure of the refrigerant outlet of the indoor unit, and T out (in ℃) is the temperature of the refrigerant outlet of the indoor unit.
表3：室内机的进口冷媒焓值h in的拟合系数表 Table 3: Fitting coefficient table of the inlet refrigerant enthalpy h in of the indoor unit
 the e 1 e 1 e 2 e 2 e 3 e 3 e 4 e 4 e 5 e 5 e 6 e 6
h in h in 443.7443.7 -24.98-24.98 0.7910.791 -3.331-3.331 0.33130.3313 -0.0008887-0.0008887
表4：室内机的出口冷媒焓值h out的拟合系数表 Table 4: Fitting coefficient table of the outlet refrigerant enthalpy h out of the indoor unit
 the k 1 k 1 k 2 k 2 k 3 k 3 k 4 k 4 k 5 k 5 k 6 k 6
h out h out 200200 1.5731.573 1.3741.374 -1.538-1.538 0.17550.1755 -0.0004903-0.0004903
可以理解的是，室内机冷媒进口的压力P in、室内机冷媒出口压力P out、室内机冷媒进口的温度T in以及室内机冷媒出口的温度T out均可以在空调器运行时直接通过传感器进行检测获取，也可以通过公式计算得出。 It can be understood that the pressure P in of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit, the pressure P out of the refrigerant outlet of the indoor unit, the temperature T in of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit, and the temperature T out of the refrigerant outlet of the indoor unit can be directly measured by sensors when the air conditioner is running. The detection acquisition can also be calculated by a formula.
本实施例中室内机冷媒进口的温度T in以及室内机冷媒出口的温度T out通过在室内机进、出口设置温度传感器直接进行检测获取。 In this embodiment, the temperature T in of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit and the temperature T out of the refrigerant outlet of the indoor unit are directly detected and obtained by setting temperature sensors at the inlet and outlet of the indoor unit.
P in和P out的获取方式为计算获得，室内机冷媒进口的压力P in的计算方式为： The method of obtaining P in and P out is calculation, and the calculation method of the pressure P in of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit is:
P in＝P d-ΔP d；其中ΔP d为压缩机的排气压降； P in ＝P d -ΔP d ; where ΔP d is the discharge pressure drop of the compressor;
ΔP d的计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000012
其中ξ 1为第一阻力因子，和管道的尺寸形状以及连接方式有关；ρ d(单位为kg/m 3)为压缩机的排气密度；D 1为压缩机的排气管内径； The calculation formula of ΔP d is:
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000012
Among them, ξ 1 is the first resistance factor, which is related to the size, shape and connection mode of the pipeline; ρ d (unit is kg/m 3 ) is the discharge density of the compressor; D 1 is the inner diameter of the discharge pipe of the compressor;
ρ d的计算公式为：ρ d＝n 1+n 2·P d+n 3·P d 2+n 4·P d 3+n 5·P d 4+n 6·P d 5；其中n 1至n 6为表5中ρ d所对应的拟合系数； The calculation formula of ρ d is: ρ d =n 1 +n 2 ·P d +n 3 ·P d 2 +n 4 ·P d 3 +n 5 ·P d 4 +n 6 ·P d 5 ; where n 1 To n6 is the fitting coefficient corresponding to ρ d in Table 5;
室内机冷媒出口压力P out的计算公式为：P out＝P in-ΔP in；其中，P in为室内机冷媒进口压力；ΔP in为室内机的吸气压降； The calculation formula of the refrigerant outlet pressure P out of the indoor unit is: P out = P in -ΔP in ; where, P in is the refrigerant inlet pressure of the indoor unit; ΔP in is the suction pressure drop of the indoor unit;
ΔP in的计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000013
其中，ξ 2为第二阻力因子，和管道的尺寸形状以及连接方式有关；ρ in(单位为kg/m 3)为室内机进口冷媒密度；D 2为所述室内机的换热管内径； The calculation formula of ΔP in is:
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000013
Among them, ξ 2 is the second resistance factor, which is related to the size, shape and connection mode of the pipe; ρ in (unit: kg/m 3 ) is the density of refrigerant at the inlet of the indoor unit; D 2 is the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube of the indoor unit;
ρ in的计算公式为：ρ in＝r 1+r 2·P in+r 3·P in 2+r 4·P in 3+r 5·P in 4+r 6·P in 5；其中P in(单位为Mpa)为室内机冷媒进口压力，其中r 1至r 6为表6中ρ in所对应的拟合系数。 The calculation formula of ρ in is: ρ in =r 1 +r 2 ·P in +r 3 ·P in 2 +r 4 ·P in 3 +r 5 ·P in 4 +r 6 ·P in 5 ; where P in (unit: Mpa) is the refrigerant inlet pressure of the indoor unit, where r 1 to r 6 are the fitting coefficients corresponding to ρ in in Table 6.
表5：压缩机的排气密度ρ d的拟合系数表 Table 5: Fitting coefficient table of exhaust gas density ρ d of the compressor
 the n 1 n 1 n 2 n 2 n 3 n 3 n 4 n 4 n 5 n 5 n 6 n 6
ρ d ρ d 0.72060.7206 -7.274-7.274 27.5127.51 -41.8-41.8 63.1163.11 -3.827-3.827
表6：室内机进口冷媒密度ρ in的拟合系数表 Table 6: Fitting coefficient table of the inlet refrigerant density ρ in of the indoor unit
 the r 1 r 1 r 2 r 2 r 3 r 3 r 4 r 4 r 5 r 5 r 6 r 6
ρ in ρ in 0.72060.7206 -7.274-7.274 27.5127.51 -41.8-41.8 63.1163.11 -3.827-3.827
可以理解的是，除了上述说明的通过公式计算压缩机的排气密度ρ d和室内机进口冷媒密度ρ in之外，还可以在空调器运行过程中，直接对压缩机的排气密度ρ d和室内机进口冷媒密度ρ in进行检测。 It can be understood that, in addition to calculating the discharge density ρ d of the compressor and the refrigerant density ρ in at the inlet of the indoor unit through the above-mentioned formulas, it is also possible to directly calculate the discharge density ρ d of the compressor during the operation of the air conditioner. and the indoor unit inlet refrigerant density ρ in for detection.
上述各个拟合系数p 1至p 6、s 1至s 6、e 1至e 6、k 1至k 6、n 1至n 6、r 1至r 6均与冷媒的种类有关，优选地，本实施例中的冷媒种类为R410a。 The fitting coefficients p 1 to p 6 , s 1 to s 6 , e 1 to e 6 , k 1 to k 6 , n 1 to n 6 , and r 1 to r 6 are all related to the type of refrigerant. Preferably, The type of refrigerant in this embodiment is R410a.
如图3所示，进一步地，“获取除霜所需的实时的平均功率Q dfmean”的步骤包括： As shown in FIG. 3 , further, the step of "obtaining the real-time average power Q dfmean required for defrosting" includes:
步骤S21：获取室外换热器的结霜量m f； Step S21: Obtain the frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger;
步骤S22：根据公式
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000014
计算除霜所需的平均功率； Step S22: According to the formula
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000014
Calculate the average power required for defrosting;
其中，除霜所需的实时的平均功率Q dfmean的单位为(J)，
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000015
为除霜倍率因子，无量纲，与机器性能有关；I(单位为J/kg)为溶解热，；t 1(单位为s)为除霜所需时间，通常情况下会限制除霜的时间在一定的范围内，例如，180至300s；实际结霜量m f的单位为(kg)。 Among them, the unit of the real-time average power Q dfmean required for defrosting is (J),
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000015
Is the defrosting rate factor, dimensionless, related to the performance of the machine; I (in J/kg) is the heat of solution; t 1 (in s) is the time required for defrosting, which usually limits the defrosting time Within a certain range, for example, 180 to 300s; the unit of actual frosting m f is (kg).
可以理解的是，室外换热器的结霜量m f可以通过传感器直接进行检测获取，也可以通过公式计算得出。 It can be understood that the frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger can be directly detected and obtained by a sensor, or can be calculated by a formula.
如图4所示，进一步地，通过计算的方式“获取室外换热器的结霜量m f”的步骤包括： As shown in Figure 4, further, the step of "obtaining the frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger" by calculation includes:
步骤S211：获取空调器室外机自上次除霜完成后起算的在结霜时间t 2时的实际风量Q(t 2)、进风侧空气实际含湿量d in和出风侧空气实际含湿量d out，并获取空调器室外机的室外换热器表面温度T def； Step S211: Obtain the actual air volume Q(t 2 ), the actual humidity d in of the air on the inlet side, and the actual air content in the air on the outlet side of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner at the frosting time t 2 since the last defrosting was completed. Humidity d out , and obtain the surface temperature T def of the outdoor heat exchanger of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner;
步骤S212：基于实际风量Q(t 2)、进风侧空气实际含湿量d in和出风侧空气实际含湿量d out计算室外换热器的凝露速度m' w(t 2)，并基于室外换热器表面温度T def确定结霜因子f； Step S212: Calculate the condensation speed m' w (t 2 ) of the outdoor heat exchanger based on the actual air volume Q(t 2 ), the actual humidity d in of the air on the inlet side, and the actual humidity d out of the air on the outlet side, And determine the frosting factor f based on the surface temperature T def of the outdoor heat exchanger;
步骤S213：基于凝露速度m' w(t 2)和结霜因子f计算室外换热器的结霜速度m' f(t 2)； Step S213: Calculate the frosting speed m' f (t 2 ) of the outdoor heat exchanger based on the condensation speed m' w (t 2 ) and the frosting factor f ;
步骤S214：基于结霜速度m' f(t 2)计算室外换热器在结霜时间t 2的实际结霜量m f。 Step S214: Calculate the actual frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger at the frosting time t 2 based on the frosting speed m' f (t 2 ).
可以理解的是，实际风量Q(t 2)、进风侧空气实际含湿量d in、出风侧空气实际含湿量d out和空调器室外机的室外换热器表面温度T def均可通过直接检测获取，也可通过计算获取，因此不对获取方式进行任何的限制。 It can be understood that the actual air volume Q(t 2 ), the actual moisture content d in of the air on the inlet side, the actual humidity content of the air on the outlet side d out , and the surface temperature T def of the outdoor heat exchanger of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner can all be It can be obtained through direct detection or calculation, so there is no restriction on the method of acquisition.
实际结霜量m f所用的计算公式为： The calculation formula used for the actual amount of frosting m f is:
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000016
基于凝露速度m' w(t 2)和结霜因子f计算室外换热器的结霜速度m' f(t 2)所用的计算公式为： The calculation formula used to calculate the frosting speed m' f (t 2 ) of the outdoor heat exchanger based on the condensation speed m' w (t 2 ) and the frosting factor f is:
m' f(t 2)＝f·m' w(t 2)； m' f (t 2 ) = f·m' w (t 2 );
计算室外换热器的凝露速度m' w(t 2)的计算公式为： The calculation formula for calculating the condensation speed m' w (t 2 ) of the outdoor heat exchanger is:
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000017
其中，c p,a为干空气定压比热容，在20℃的1个大气压下空气的定压比热容为1.004kJ/(kg·K)，ρ 空为空气的密度，在标准条件下(0℃，1个标准大气压(1atm))，空气密度约为1.29Kg/m3；
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000017
Among them, c p, a is the specific heat capacity of dry air at constant pressure. The specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure at 20 °C is 1.004 kJ/(kg K), and ρ is the density of air. Under standard conditions (0 °C , 1 standard atmospheric pressure (1atm)), the air density is about 1.29Kg/m3;
进风侧空气实际含湿量d in的计算公式为： The formula for calculating the actual humidity d in of the air on the inlet side is:
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000018
进风侧空气实际含湿量d out的计算公式为： The formula for calculating the actual humidity d out of the air on the inlet side is:
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000019
其中，c p,v为水蒸气定压比热容，参考值为1.865kJ/(kg·K)，T w1(单位为℃)为进风侧空气的湿球温度，即外界环境的湿球温度，可以通过相对湿度传感器来进行测量，也通过云服务器来获取当地的外界环境的湿球温度，T w2(单位为℃)为出风侧空气的湿球温度，T d1(单位为℃)为进风侧空气的干球温度，T d2(单位为℃)为出风侧空气的干球温度可以通过传感器来直接测量也可以通过检测室外换热器的吸气压力计算获取，d s1为进风侧空气对应干球温度下的饱和含湿量，d s2为出风侧空气对应干球温度下的饱和含湿量，γ为水的汽化潜热，γ＝2260kJ/kg； Among them, c p, v is the specific heat capacity of water vapor at constant pressure, the reference value is 1.865kJ/(kg K), T w1 (unit is ℃) is the wet bulb temperature of the air on the air inlet side, that is, the wet bulb temperature of the external environment, It can be measured by the relative humidity sensor, and the wet bulb temperature of the local external environment can also be obtained through the cloud server. T w2 (unit is ℃) is the wet bulb temperature of the air on the outlet side, T d1 (unit is ℃) The dry bulb temperature of the air on the wind side, T d2 (in ℃) is the dry bulb temperature of the air on the outlet side, which can be directly measured by a sensor or calculated by detecting the suction pressure of the outdoor heat exchanger, and d s1 is the air inlet Side air corresponds to the saturated moisture content at the dry bulb temperature, d s2 is the saturated moisture content of the air outlet side corresponding to the dry bulb temperature, γ is the latent heat of vaporization of water, γ=2260kJ/kg;
进一步地，“基于室外换热器表面温度T def确定结霜因子f”的步骤包括： Further, the step of "determining the frosting factor f based on the surface temperature T def of the outdoor heat exchanger" includes:
当T ref＞0时，f＝0； When T ref > 0, f = 0;
当T ref≤0时，f＝1； When T ref ≤ 0, f = 1;
获取实际风量Q(t 2)的步骤包括： The steps for obtaining the actual air volume Q(t 2 ) include:
当t 2＝0时，实际风量为标准风量Q std； When t 2 =0, the actual air volume is the standard air volume Q std ;
当t 2＞0时，在t 2时刻的实际风量的计算公式为： When t 2 >0, the calculation formula of the actual air volume at the moment t 2 is:
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000020
其中，参数a、b和c与室外换热器的自身结构有关，并通过数据拟合的方式确定，标准风量Q std为室外换热器在不受结霜因素影响时的正常风量，通过在空调器产品出厂时的风量实验即可确定。其中，标准风量Q std的单位为(m 3/s)，实际风量Q(t 2)的单位为(m 3/s)，实际结霜量m f的单位为(kg)。
Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-000020
Among them, the parameters a, b and c are related to the structure of the outdoor heat exchanger and determined by data fitting. The standard air volume Q std is the normal air volume of the outdoor heat exchanger when it is not affected by frosting factors. It can be determined by the air volume experiment when the air conditioner products leave the factory. Wherein, the unit of the standard air volume Q std is (m 3 /s), the unit of the actual air volume Q(t 2 ) is (m 3 /s), and the unit of the actual frosting amount m f is (kg).
上述设置方式的优点在于：本发明空调器室外机的除霜控制方法，在不增加额外的冷媒质量流量的测量装备，在不增加空调器的成本的情况下，利用空调器室外机已有布置的温度传感器、湿度传感器，以及云服务上的湿球温度等作为输入，结合制热能力计算、除霜功率计算，计算方式简便，不需要巨大的运算量，减轻控制器的负担，从而准确的判断进入除霜程序的时机，使得在一定时间段内实现能力能效的最大化，防止制热效率不及除霜效率而继续运行造成空调器整体能效的降低。进一步地，在结霜量的计算中加入了空调器室外机的实际风量，从而使结 霜量的计算更为准确，减少风量对结霜厚度的影响，从而增加除霜程序运行时机的准确性。The advantage of the above setting method is that the defrosting control method of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner of the present invention utilizes the existing layout of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner without adding additional measurement equipment for the mass flow rate of the refrigerant and without increasing the cost of the air conditioner. The temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and wet bulb temperature on the cloud service are used as input, combined with heating capacity calculation and defrosting power calculation, the calculation method is simple, does not require a huge amount of calculation, reduces the burden on the controller, and thus accurately Judging the timing of entering the defrosting program, so as to maximize the energy efficiency of the capacity within a certain period of time, and prevent the overall energy efficiency of the air conditioner from decreasing due to the continued operation of the heating efficiency lower than the defrosting efficiency. Furthermore, the actual air volume of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner is added to the calculation of the amount of frosting, so that the calculation of the amount of frosting is more accurate, and the influence of air volume on the thickness of frosting is reduced, thereby increasing the accuracy of the timing of the defrosting program .
最后需要说明的是，尽管本发明是以空调器室外机的除霜控制方法为例进行描述的，但是本发明的空调器显然可以是各种类型的空调器。例如，可以是房间空调器、单元式空调器还可以是多联式空调器等，因此不对空调器的类型进行任何的限制。Finally, it should be noted that although the present invention is described by taking the defrosting control method of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner as an example, the air conditioner of the present invention can obviously be various types of air conditioners. For example, it may be a room air conditioner, a unitary air conditioner, or a multi-connected air conditioner, etc. Therefore, there is no limitation on the type of the air conditioner.
需要说明的是，上述实施方式仅仅用来阐述本发明的原理，并非旨在与限制本发明的保护范围，在不偏离本发明原理的条件下，本领域技术人员能够对上述结构进行调整，以便本发明能够应用于更加具体的应用场景。It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can adjust the above-mentioned structures without departing from the principles of the present invention, so that The present invention can be applied to more specific application scenarios.
此外，本发明还提供了一种空调器，该空调器包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的空调除霜控制程序，空调除霜控制程序被处理器执行时实现如上述任一种实施方式中的除霜控制方法的步骤。可以理解的是，由于本实施例提供的空调器包含以上说明的空调器室外机的除霜控制方法的任一实施方式，必然具有上述说明的空调器室外机的除霜控制方法的相关优点，故在此不再赘述。In addition, the present invention also provides an air conditioner, which includes a memory, a processor, and an air-conditioning defrosting control program stored on the memory and operable on the processor. When the air-conditioning defrosting control program is executed by the processor, the The steps of the defrosting control method in any one of the above implementation manners. It can be understood that since the air conditioner provided in this embodiment includes any implementation of the defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner described above, it must have the relevant advantages of the defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner described above, So I won't repeat them here.
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, but those skilled in the art will easily understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种空调器室外机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，所述除霜控制方法包括：A defrosting control method for an outdoor unit of an air conditioner, characterized in that the defrosting control method comprises:
    获取所述空调器室内机的实时的制热能力Q；Obtain the real-time heating capacity Q of the indoor unit of the air conditioner;
    获取除霜所需的实时的平均功率Q dfmean； Obtain the real-time average power Q dfmean needed for defrosting;
    当Q＜Q dfmean时，控制所述空调器进入除霜模式。 When Q<Q dfmean , the air conditioner is controlled to enter the defrosting mode.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的空调器室外机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，“获取所述空调器室内机的实时的制热能力Q”的步骤包括：The defrosting control method of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the step of "acquiring the real-time heating capacity Q of the indoor unit of the air conditioner" comprises:
    获取所述空调器系统内单位时间内的冷媒流量m；Obtain the refrigerant flow rate m per unit time in the air conditioner system;
    获取所述空调器室内机的进口冷媒焓值h in以及出口冷媒焓值h out； Obtain the enthalpy value h in of the inlet refrigerant and the enthalpy value h out of the outlet refrigerant of the indoor unit of the air conditioner;
    根据公式Q＝m·(h out-h in)计算所述室内机的实时的制热能力Q。 The real-time heating capacity Q of the indoor unit is calculated according to the formula Q=m·(h out −h in ).
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的空调器室外机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，所述空调器系统内单位时间内的冷媒流量m由计算方式获得，计算方式具体包括：The method for controlling defrosting of an outdoor unit of an air conditioner according to claim 2, wherein the refrigerant flow rate m per unit time in the air conditioner system is obtained by a calculation method, which specifically includes:
    所述空调器系统内冷媒流量m的计算公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100001
    The calculation formula of the refrigerant flow m in the air conditioner system is:
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100001
    其中，ε为热损失系数；P comp为压缩机所消耗的功率；h d为所述压缩机的排气焓值；h s为所述压缩机的吸气焓值。 Wherein, ε is the heat loss coefficient; P comp is the power consumed by the compressor; h d is the discharge enthalpy of the compressor; h s is the suction enthalpy of the compressor.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的空调器室外机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，所述压缩机的排气焓值h d和所述压缩机的吸气焓值h s均是通过计算方式获得，获得方式具体包括： The method for controlling defrosting of an outdoor unit of an air conditioner according to claim 3, wherein the discharge enthalpy value h d of the compressor and the suction enthalpy value h s of the compressor are both obtained by calculation , the specific methods of obtaining include:
    获取所述空调器的所述压缩机的排气压力P d、所述压缩机的吸气压力P s、获取所述压缩机的排气温度T d和所述压缩机的吸气温度T s； Obtain the discharge pressure P d of the compressor of the air conditioner, the suction pressure P s of the compressor, obtain the discharge temperature T d of the compressor and the suction temperature T s of the compressor ;
    所述压缩机的排气焓值h d和所述压缩机的吸气焓值h s的计算公式分别为； The calculation formulas of the discharge enthalpy h d of the compressor and the suction enthalpy h s of the compressor are respectively;
    h d＝p 1+p 2·P d+p 3·T d+p 4·P d 2+p 5·P d·T d+p 6·T d 2；其中，p 1至p 6为h d 所对应的拟合系数； h d ＝p 1 +p 2 ·P d +p 3 ·T d +p 4 ·P d 2 +p 5 ·P d ·T d +p 6 ·T d 2 ; among them, p 1 to p 6 are h The fitting coefficient corresponding to d ;
    h s＝s 1+s 2·P s+s 3·T s+s 4·P s 2+s 5·P s·T s+s 6·T s 2，其中，s 1至s 6为h s所对应的拟合系数。 h s ＝s 1 +s 2 P s +s 3 T s +s 4 P s 2 +s 5 P s T s +s 6 T s 2 , where s 1 to s 6 are h The fitting coefficient corresponding to s .
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的空调器室外机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，所述压缩机耗功P comp通过计算方式获取，计算所述压缩机耗功P comp的公式为：P comp＝U·I；其中，U为所述压缩机的电压，I为所述压缩机的电流。 The defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of an air conditioner according to claim 3, wherein the power consumption P comp of the compressor is obtained by calculation, and the formula for calculating the power consumption P comp of the compressor is: P comp = U·I; wherein, U is the voltage of the compressor, and I is the current of the compressor.
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的空调器室外机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，所述室内机的进口冷媒焓值h in以及所述室内机的出口冷媒焓值h out为计算获得，计算公式分别为： The defrosting control method of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner according to claim 4, wherein the inlet refrigerant enthalpy value h in of the indoor unit and the outlet refrigerant enthalpy value h out of the indoor unit are obtained by calculation, the calculation formula They are:
    h in＝e 1+e 2·P in+e 3·T in+e 4·P in 2+e 5·P in·T in+e 6·T in 2；其中，e 1至e 6为h in所对应的拟合系数；P in为所述室内机冷媒进口的压力，T in为所述室内机冷媒进口的温度； h in ＝e 1 +e 2 ·P in +e 3 ·T in +e 4 ·P in 2 +e 5 ·P in ·T in +e 6 ·T in 2 ; among them, e 1 to e 6 are h The fitting coefficient corresponding to in ; P in is the pressure of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit, and T in is the temperature of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit;
    h out＝k 1+k 2·P out+k 3·T out+k 4·P out 2+k 5·P out·T out+k 6·T out 2；其中，k 1至k 6为h out所对应的拟合系数；P out为所述室内机冷媒出口的压力，T out为所述室内机冷媒出口的温度。 h out ＝k 1 +k 2 P out +k 3 T out +k 4 P out 2 +k 5 P out T out +k 6 T out 2 ; where k 1 to k 6 are h The fitting coefficient corresponding to out ; P out is the pressure of the refrigerant outlet of the indoor unit, and T out is the temperature of the refrigerant outlet of the indoor unit.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的空调器室外机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，P in和P out的获取方式为计算获得，所述室内机冷媒进口的压力P in的计算方式为： The defrosting control method of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner according to claim 6, wherein the acquisition mode of P in and P out is calculated, and the calculation mode of the pressure P in of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit is:
    P in＝P d-ΔP d；其中ΔP d为所述压缩机的排气压降； P in =P d -ΔP d ; where ΔP d is the discharge pressure drop of the compressor;
    ΔP d的计算公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100002
    其中，ξ 1为第一阻力因子；ρ d为所述压缩机的排气密度；D 1为所述压缩机的排气管内径；     The calculation formula of ΔP d is:
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100002
    Wherein, ξ1 is the first resistance factor; ρd is the exhaust density of the compressor; D1 is the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe of the compressor;
    ρ d的计算公式为：ρ d＝n 1+n 2·P d+n 3·P d 2+n 4·P d 3+n 5·P d 4+n 6·P d 5；其中，n 1至n 6为ρ d所对应的拟合系数； The calculation formula of ρ d is: ρ d =n 1 +n 2 ·P d +n 3 ·P d 2 +n 4 ·P d 3 +n 5 ·P d 4 +n 6 ·P d 5 ; among them, n 1 to n 6 are fitting coefficients corresponding to ρ d ;
    所述室内机冷媒出口的压力P out的计算公式为：P out＝P in-ΔP in；其中，P in为所述室内机冷媒进口压力；ΔP in为所述室内机的吸气压降； The calculation formula of the pressure P out of the refrigerant outlet of the indoor unit is: P out =P in -ΔP in ; wherein, P in is the pressure of the refrigerant inlet of the indoor unit; ΔP in is the suction pressure drop of the indoor unit;
    ΔP in的计算公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100003
    其中ξ 2为第二阻力因子；ρ in为所述室内机进口冷媒密度；D 2为所述室内机的换热管内径；     The calculation formula of ΔP in is:
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100003
    Wherein ξ 2 is the second resistance factor; ρ in is the inlet refrigerant density of the indoor unit; D 2 is the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube of the indoor unit;
    ρ in的计算公式为：ρ in＝r 1+r 2·P in+r 3·P in 2+r 4·P in 3+r 5·P in 4+r 6·P in 5；其中，P in为所述室内机冷媒进口压力，其中r 1至r 6为ρ in所对应的拟合系数。 The calculation formula of ρ in is: ρ in =r 1 +r 2 ·P in +r 3 ·P in 2 +r 4 ·P in 3 +r 5 ·P in 4 +r 6 ·P in 5 ; among them, P in is the refrigerant inlet pressure of the indoor unit, where r 1 to r 6 are fitting coefficients corresponding to ρ in .
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的空调器室外机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，“获取除霜所需的实时的平均功率Q dfmean”的步骤包括： The defrosting control method of the outdoor unit of an air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the step of "obtaining the real-time average power Qdfmean required for defrosting" comprises:
    获取室外换热器的结霜量m f； Obtain the frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger;
    根据公式
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100004
    计算除霜所需的平均功率；其中，
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100005
    为除霜倍率因子，无量纲，与机器性能有关；I为溶解热；t 1为除霜所需时间。     According to the formula
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100004
    Calculate the average power required for defrosting; where,
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100005
    Is the defrosting magnification factor, dimensionless, related to the performance of the machine; I is the heat of solution; t 1 is the time required for defrosting.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的空调器室外机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，“获取室外换热器的结霜量m f”的步骤包括： The method for controlling defrosting of an outdoor unit of an air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein the step of "obtaining the frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger" comprises:
    获取所述空调器室外机自上次除霜完成后起算的在结霜时间t 2时的实际风量Q(t 2)、进风侧空气实际含湿量d in和出风侧空气实际含湿量d out，并获取所述空调器室外机的室外换热器表面温度T def； Obtain the actual air volume Q(t 2 ), the actual humidity d in of the air on the inlet side, and the actual humidity in the air on the outlet side of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner at the frosting time t 2 since the last defrosting was completed. measure d out , and obtain the surface temperature T def of the outdoor heat exchanger of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner;
    基于所述实际风量Q(t 2)、所述进风侧空气实际含湿量d in和所述出风侧空气实际含湿量d out计算所述室外换热器的凝露速度m' w(t 2)，并基于所述室外换热器表面温度T def确定结霜因子f； Calculate the condensation speed m'w of the outdoor heat exchanger based on the actual air volume Q(t 2 ), the actual moisture content d in of the air inlet side and the actual moisture content d out of the air outlet side (t 2 ), and determine the frosting factor f based on the surface temperature T def of the outdoor heat exchanger;
    基于所述凝露速度m' w(t 2)和所述结霜因子f计算所述室外换热器的结霜速度m' f(t 2)； calculating the frosting rate m' f (t 2 ) of the outdoor heat exchanger based on the condensation rate m' w (t 2 ) and the frosting factor f ;
    基于所述结霜速度m' f(t 2)计算所述室外换热器在所述结霜时间t 2的实际结霜量m f，所用的计算公式为： The actual frosting amount m f of the outdoor heat exchanger at the frosting time t 2 is calculated based on the frosting speed m' f (t 2 ), and the calculation formula used is:
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100006
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100006
    基于所述凝露速度m' w(t 2)和所述结霜因子f计算所述室外换热器的结霜速度m' f(t 2)所用的计算公式为： The calculation formula used to calculate the frosting speed m' f (t 2 ) of the outdoor heat exchanger based on the condensation speed m' w (t 2 ) and the frosting factor f is:
    m' f(t 2)＝f·m' w(t 2)； m' f (t 2 ) = f·m' w (t 2 );
    计算所述室外换热器的凝露速度m' w(t 2)的计算公式为： The calculation formula for calculating the condensation velocity m' w (t 2 ) of the outdoor heat exchanger is:
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100007
    其中c p,a为干空气定压比热容，ρ 空 为空气的密度；
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100007
    Where c p, a is the specific heat capacity of dry air at constant pressure, and ρ is the density of air ;
    所述进风侧空气实际含湿量d in的计算公式为： The formula for calculating the actual moisture content d in of the air on the inlet side is:
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100008
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100008
    所述进风侧空气实际含湿量d out的计算公式为： The formula for calculating the actual humidity d out of the air on the inlet side is:
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100009
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100009
    其中，c p,v为水蒸气定压比热容，T w1为进风侧空气的湿球温度，T w2为出风侧空气的湿球温度，T d1为进风侧空气的干球温度，T d2为出风侧空气的干球温度，d s1为进风侧空气对应干球温度下的饱和含湿量，d s2为出风侧空气对应干球温度下的饱和含湿量，γ为水的汽化潜热； Among them, c p, v is the specific heat capacity of water vapor at constant pressure, T w1 is the wet bulb temperature of the air on the inlet side, T w2 is the wet bulb temperature of the air on the outlet side, T d1 is the dry bulb temperature of the air on the inlet side, T d2 is the dry bulb temperature of the air on the outlet side, d s1 is the saturated moisture content of the air on the inlet side corresponding to the dry bulb temperature, d s2 is the saturated moisture content of the air on the outlet side corresponding to the dry bulb temperature, and γ is water latent heat of vaporization;
    “基于所述室外换热器表面温度T def确定结霜因子f”的步骤包括：当T ref＞0时，f＝0；并且，当T ref≤0时，f＝1； The step of "determining the frosting factor f based on the surface temperature T def of the outdoor heat exchanger" includes: when T ref >0, f=0; and, when T ref ≤0, f=1;
    获取所述实际风量Q(t 2)的步骤包括： The step of obtaining the actual air volume Q(t 2 ) includes:
    当t 2＝0时，所述实际风量为标准风量Q std； When t 2 =0, the actual air volume is the standard air volume Q std ;
    当t 2＞0时，在t 2时刻的所述实际风量的计算公式为： When t 2 >0, the calculation formula of the actual air volume at time t 2 is:
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100010
    其中，参数a、b和c与所述室外换热器的自身结构有关，并通过数据拟合的方式确定，所述标准风量Q std为所述室外换热器在不受结霜因素影响时的正常风量。
    Figure PCTCN2022098667-appb-100010
    Among them, parameters a, b and c are related to the structure of the outdoor heat exchanger itself, and are determined by data fitting, and the standard air volume Q std is when the outdoor heat exchanger is not affected by frosting factors normal wind volume.
  10. 一种空调器，其特征在于，所述空调器包括存储器、处理器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的空调除霜控制程序，所述空调除霜控制程序被所述处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的空调器室外机的除霜控制方法的步骤。An air conditioner, characterized in that the air conditioner includes a memory, a processor, and an air conditioner defrosting control program stored in the memory and operable on the processor, and the air conditioner defrosting control program is controlled by the The steps to realize the defrosting control method for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 9 when the processor is executed.
PCT/CN2022/098667 2021-08-31 2022-06-14 Defrosting control method for outdoor unit of air conditioner, and air conditioner WO2023029653A1 (en)

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