WO2023027611A1

WO2023027611A1 - Magnus-effect aircraft

Info

Publication number: WO2023027611A1
Application number: PCT/RU2022/050253
Authority: WO
Inventors: Владимир Александрович ВЬЮРКОВ; Роман Дмитриевич ЛЕБЕДЕВ
Original assignee: Акционерное общество "ЗЕНТОРН"
Priority date: 2021-08-25
Filing date: 2022-08-18
Publication date: 2023-03-02
Also published as: RU2762906C1

Abstract

The invention relates to the design of unmanned vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. The claimed device comprises a multisided body having rotatable cylinders (1) mounted about the perimeter thereof. Situated inside the body is a gas intake and supply zone, at the top and bottom of which are mounted centrifugal disks (2) that are impinged upon by gas supplied via inlet/outlet openings (3) in the body; the disks (2) allow the device to rotate about its own axis. Further mounted inside the body, at the top and bottom thereof, proximal each cylinder (1) is a cylindrical centrifugal fan (4), each impeller (5) of which is as long as a cylinder (1) of the device. A casing of the fan (4) has, on one side, an outwardly extending inlet (6) for taking in gas and supplying same to the impeller (5); on the other side is an outlet (7) for a forced flow of gas, said outlet opening into a flow conduit in the form of cells (8) which open into a tunnel (9) that narrows at its outlet immediately upstream of a cylinder (1). The upper and lower flow conduits are independent of one another and are not interconnected. The result is a reduction in noise and an increase in lifting capacity.

Description

AIRCRAFT BASED ON THE MAGNUS EFFECT

The invention relates to the field of aviation, in particular to the design of vertical takeoff and landing unmanned aerial vehicles.

An unmanned aerial vehicle (quadcopter) is known, which is a radio-controlled flying device with four propellers that rotate in opposite directions diagonally: one pair of propellers rotates clockwise, and the second - counterclockwise.

The disadvantages of the known analogues is the low carrying capacity and the noise generated by the rotation of the open screws.

The task facing the author is to create a low-noise vertical takeoff and landing unmanned aerial vehicle with a large payload.

The problem is solved due to the essence of the claimed invention.

The essence of the invention is the possibility of increasing the carrying capacity of unmanned aerial vehicles and reducing noise during their operation, thanks to the claimed device, with closed propellers (impellers), during the rotation of which, forced gas (air) flows are created, directed to the rotating cylinders, ultimately creating the effect Magnus.

The claimed invention is

The device is a multifaceted housing, for example, rectangular, around the perimeter of which the cylinders 1 are installed, with the possibility of rotation. Inside the housing there is a gas intake and supply zone, in which, top and bottom, centrifugal disks are installed 2, the gas to which enters through the inlet/outlet holes 3 in the housing; disks 2 allow the device to rotate around its axis. Also, inside the housing, top and bottom, at each cylinder 1, a centrifugal cylindrical fan 4 is installed, each impeller 5 of which is made the entire length of the cylinder 1 of the device. The fan casing 4, on the one hand, has an inlet 6, which goes outside, for taking gas and supplying it to the impeller 5, and on the other hand, it has an outlet 7 for forced gas flow, passing into the flow conduit, which is cells 8, passing into the tunnel 9, tapering at the outlet just before cylinder 1. The upper and lower flows are independent and not connected to each other. All rotating parts of the structure are driven by engines 10 (electric, internal combustion engines (ICE)).

In FIG. 1 shows the internal structure of an aircraft with a rectangular body (side view) and the direction of movement of forced flows, shown (arrows). The letters H and B denote the areas of low (H) and high (B) pressure, and the high pressure area moves to the left, with an increase in the speed of the oncoming flow.

In FIG. 2 schematically shows the direction of movement of the impeller when creating a forced flow to the cylinders.

In FIG. 3 shows an exemplary view of the cells.

How the device works

Gas (liquid) gets inside the casing through the inlets 6 of the casing of centrifugal fans. When the impellers 5 of the fans 4 rotate (the upper ones rotate clockwise, and the lower ones counterclockwise), gas (liquid) is taken and distributed. The forced oncoming flow of gas (liquid), through the outlet 7 of the casing, enters cells 8 of the stream guide, which allows you to break one continuous stream into several small ones, and makes it uniform for the entire length of the cylinders 1. After the cells 8, the flows pass through the tunnel 9 in which they narrow and fall on the rotating cylinders 1. The narrowing of the gas (liquid) flows increases its speed, but reduces its impact on the area of cylinder 1. Forcibly oncoming, on rotating cylinders 1, the flow creates a Magnus effect on each cylinder 1.

In FIG. 2 shows the distribution of flows that occurs at the top and bottom of the cylinders, while the calculated area is halved. p*(v + u) ^2/2 + P2 = p*(v - u) ^2/2 + Pl

DR \u003d p * (v + u) ² / 2 - p * (vu) ² / 2

AP = p/2*((v ² + 2*v*u + u ² ) - (v ² - 2*v*u + u ² ))

DR \u003d p / 2 * 4 * v * u

AP = p*2*v*u

F = AP*S/2 [ 1 ]

S = 2*n*R*L

F = AP*2*n*R*L/2

F = p*2*v*u*2*n*R*L/2

F = p*v*u*2*n*R*L

Where: p - Flux density; v is the speed of the cylinder; u - flow rate;

P2 and Pl - Pressure flows from above and below the cylinder;

DR - Pressure difference above and below the cylinder;

S is the surface area of the cylinder;

F - Thrust from the Magnus effect;

R - Radius of the cylinder;

L - Length of the cylinder;

Since v \u003d w * R, where w is the angular velocity of rotation of the cylinder, then

F = p*w*u*2*n*R ² *L Model calculation (example): the diameter of each cylinder is 0.1 m; the length of each cylinder is 0.5 m; cylinder speed - 6000 rpm; free flow velocity created by centrifugal fan - 17 m/s;

The force of Magnus will be 431.8 N.

The organization of the control of the invention is due to the arrangement of the cylinders, by changing the Magnus force on each cylinder. Also, if you control the moment of rotation during the intake and distribution of flows, then you can organize rotation in another plane.

The claimed invention can be used for reconnaissance, delivery of goods, people and vehicles (if the device is made larger and more powerful), in construction, meteorology, emergency medical care, mail, etc. Also, the claimed device can work by creating forced flows not only gas, but also liquids, i.e. work underwater.

Quiet operation during the flight is ensured by the absence of external rotors. High load capacity is provided by the Magnus effect.

Thus, the task assigned to the author is completed.

Claims

FORMULA

An aircraft based on the Magnus effect, which is a multifaceted body with inlet / outlet openings for gas to enter the body, along the perimeter of which rotational cylinders with engines are installed, also inside the body, above and below, centrifugal disks with engines are installed, also, inside the body, on top and from below, at each cylinder, a centrifugal cylindrical fan is installed, each impeller of which is made in the entire length of the cylinder, the fan casing on one side has an inlet that goes outside for gas intake and its supply to the impeller, and on the other side it has an outlet for a forced gas flow, passing into the flow duct, which is a cell, turning into a tunnel, narrowing at the outlet just before the cylinder, the upper and lower flow ducts are independent and not connected to each other.

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