WO2023024528A1 - 银幕振动器及银幕振动系统 - Google Patents

银幕振动器及银幕振动系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023024528A1
WO2023024528A1 PCT/CN2022/086125 CN2022086125W WO2023024528A1 WO 2023024528 A1 WO2023024528 A1 WO 2023024528A1 CN 2022086125 W CN2022086125 W CN 2022086125W WO 2023024528 A1 WO2023024528 A1 WO 2023024528A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
screen
spring
vibrator
magnet
driving
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PCT/CN2022/086125
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李艳龙
周争喜
Original Assignee
深圳市时代华影科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市时代华影科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市时代华影科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023024528A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023024528A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/54—Accessories
    • G03B21/56—Projection screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/02—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moved one way by energisation of a single coil system and returned by mechanical force, e.g. by springs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/18—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with coil systems moving upon intermittent or reversed energisation thereof by interaction with a fixed field system, e.g. permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the application belongs to the technical field of laser projection, and in particular relates to a screen vibrator and a screen vibration system.
  • laser as a light source in the projection display industry has become a future trend.
  • laser light sources With its high electro-optical conversion efficiency, high color saturation, and wide color gamut, laser light sources have gradually replaced the original projection light sources such as mercury lamps and xenon lamps.
  • the strong monochromaticity of the laser itself it is easy to emit interference, so there is a relatively serious speckle problem in laser projection, which makes the image grainy and the image quality deteriorates.
  • Eliminating speckle by vibrating the screen is a common practice in the laser projection display industry. For example, there is a technology to remove speckle by vibrating the screen through a vibration motor, and there is also a method to vibrate the screen by using a low-frequency speaker.
  • the industry usually uses micro DC motors to drive eccentric wheels to generate vibrations.
  • DC motors are mostly brushed motors, the carbon brushes are severely worn after long-term operation, resulting in motor failure. Therefore, this type of vibrator continues to The working life is usually 300 ⁇ 500 hours, which is far from meeting the requirements of cinema projection.
  • the speaker voice coil drives the paper cone to vibrate, and a sponge is used in front of the paper cone to make soft contact with the screen to push the screen to vibrate.
  • the low-frequency speaker vibration solution needs to strictly control the distance between the speaker and the screen, and the speaker needs to be firmly fixed on the screen frame. The cost and construction difficulty are not ideal.
  • an easy-to-use screen vibrator and a screen vibration system are provided.
  • a screen vibrator for attaching to the back of the screen the overall natural frequency of the screen vibrator is f 0 , and the f 0 is between 5 and 200 Hz;
  • the screen vibrator includes an excitation coil, a magnet and a spring
  • the excitation coil can generate electromagnetic force when driven;
  • the magnet is fixedly connected to the spring, and the magnet can drive the spring to resonate together when vibrating under the influence of the electromagnetic force, and the spring Vibration waves are conducted to the screen.
  • a screen vibration system comprising:
  • each screen vibrator is attached to the back of the screen at the overall natural frequency.
  • the multiple screen vibrators have at least two different overall natural frequencies;
  • the screen vibration system also includes multiple drive circuits, and the drive signals output by the multiple drive circuits have at least two Different driving frequencies, wherein each driving frequency is in one-to-one correspondence with each overall natural frequency; each said driving circuit is electrically connected to a screen vibrator with a corresponding overall natural frequency for driving the corresponding screen vibrator.
  • the driving frequency and/or voltage amplitude of the driving signal output by each driving circuit varies within a preset variation range.
  • the screen vibrator provided by this application is attached to the back of the screen.
  • the excitation coil in the screen vibrator When the excitation coil in the screen vibrator is driven, it can generate electromagnetic force. Under the action of this electromagnetic force, the magnet can drive the spring to resonate together, and the spring will drive the vibration wave It is transmitted to the screen and vibrates together to achieve the effect of eliminating speckles.
  • the screen vibrator has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, high vibration intensity, no obvious noise, and long life. It can effectively solve the problem of speckle elimination in the existing laser projection industry. The problem of short vibrator life and high cost.
  • FIG. 1A is a structural diagram of the first screen vibrator provided in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1B is an exploded view of the first screen vibrator provided in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 1C is a structural diagram of the second screen vibrator provided in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a model example of a tower-shaped coil spring provided in the first embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a model example of the flake shrapnel provided in the first embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a model example of a simple strut spring provided in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an ideal screen vibrator provided in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6A and Fig. 6B are respectively the simple harmonic vibration and the vibration waveform diagram of the damped vibration of the screen vibrator shown in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of changes in amplitude and resonance frequency when the screen vibrator provided by the first embodiment of the present application is subjected to periodic external forces of different frequencies;
  • FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B are respectively waveform diagrams of driving signals in the form of AC sine wave and AC square wave provided by the first embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 8C and FIG. 8D are respectively waveform diagrams of driving signals in the form of a DC half-sine wave and a DC square wave provided by the first embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a standing wave formed on the screen by the screen vibration system provided by the second embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a block schematic diagram of the screen vibration system provided by the second embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the screen vibrator provided by the second embodiment of the present application on the back of the screen.
  • the screen vibrator provided in the first embodiment of the present application needs to be attached to the back of the screen during application, and the overall natural frequency of the screen vibrator is f 0 .
  • Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B are respectively the structural diagram and exploded view of the first kind of screen vibrator provided by the first embodiment, referring to Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B, the screen vibrator includes: counterweight 1, spring 2, fasteners 3. A magnet 4, an excitation coil 5, and a base 6, wherein the bottom surface of the base 6 is pasted on the back of the screen during use.
  • the counterweight 1, the fastener 3 and the magnet 4 form the vibrating part of the screen vibrator, which is also called a vibrator.
  • the base 6 has an open accommodating cavity, and the exciting coil 5 is fixed in the accommodating cavity, and the exciting coil 5 can be pasted and fixed on the bottom of the accommodating cavity by using glue.
  • the periphery of spring 2 is provided with at least one first spring fixing hole 21, for example can be arranged on the four corners of spring 2 as shown in Fig. 1A and Fig.
  • the spring fixing hole 61, and the position of the second spring fixing hole 61 corresponds to the first spring fixing hole 21 one by one, using accessories such as screws to fix the first spring fixing hole 21 and the second spring fixing hole 61 together, thereby the spring 2 is fixed on the base 6.
  • the middle part of the spring 2 also has a through hole 22, one end of the fastener 3 is fixed on the magnet 4, and the other end passes through the through hole 22 and is detachably connected with the counterweight 1, so that the spring 2 is arranged in the middle of the vibrator after being connected.
  • the fastening member 3 can specifically use screws, or other accessories with a fixing function can also be used.
  • the function of counterweight 1 is mainly to increase the weight of the whole screen vibrator, so that the overall natural frequency f0 of the screen vibrator is adjusted to the target value, and whether it is needed can be decided according to the situation.
  • the magnet 4 is located in the excitation coil 5 , and the excitation coil 5 and the magnet 4 are separated and coaxial.
  • the excitation coil 5 is electrically connected with a drive circuit through the first wire hole 61 and the second wire hole 62, and the excitation coil 5 is driven by the drive circuit to generate electromagnetic force.
  • the electromagnetic force produced by the excitation coil 5 is preferably greater than that of the spring 2. Self-resilience.
  • the magnet 4 is fixedly connected with the spring 2, and when the magnet 4 vibrates under the influence of the electromagnetic force, it can drive the spring 2 to resonate together, and the spring 2 transmits the vibration wave to the screen to form a damped resonance.
  • Fig. 1C is a structural diagram of the second screen vibrator provided in the first embodiment.
  • the screen vibrator includes an excitation coil 1a, a magnet 1b and a spring 1c, wherein the excitation coil 1a can generate electromagnetic vibration when driven. Force, similarly, the electromagnetic force generated by exciting the coil 1a is preferably greater than the natural resilience of the spring 1c.
  • the magnet 1b is fixedly connected to the spring 1c, and the magnet 1b can drive the spring 1c to resonate together when vibrating under the influence of the magnetic force, and the spring 1c transmits the vibration wave to the screen to form a damped resonance.
  • the magnet 4 in the above-mentioned first type of screen vibrator and the magnet 1b in the second type of screen vibrator are preferably permanent magnets, and of course non-permanent magnets can also be used, and they can be magnetized regularly.
  • the function of magnet 1b, spring 1c and housing 1d is equivalent to a vibrator, and the overall natural frequency of the screen vibrator is the overall natural frequency of the overall structure of the vibrator composed of magnet 1b, spring 1c and housing 1d.
  • the spring 2 in the above-mentioned first kind of screen vibrator and the spring 1c in the second kind of screen vibrator can be a kind of flat shrapnel, spiral spring, steel wire, tower spring, helical spring, disc spring .
  • Figure 2 shows a model example structure of a tower-like coil spring
  • Figure 3 shows a model example structure of a sheet shrapnel
  • Figure 4 shows a model example structure of a simple strut spring, in practical applications, choose according to the actual situation Appropriate spring structure types, adjustments to dimensions, fatigue strength, amplitude, etc., all belong to the scope of this application.
  • a vibrating object will emit sound, which is usually referred to as a sound source, and similarly, a vibrating screen will also emit sound.
  • the frequency range of sound that can be heard by the human ear is 20Hz ⁇ 20KHz.
  • the sound with a frequency higher than 20KHz is called ultrasonic wave, and the sound lower than 20Hz is called infrasonic wave.
  • the most sensitive frequency range of the human ear is 1K ⁇ 3KHz, and the human ear is less sensitive to sounds below 200Hz.
  • the overall natural frequency f 0 of the entire screen vibrator is controlled between 5-200 Hz, preferably, f 0 is between 10-60 Hz, so as to reduce the noise recognizable by the human ear caused by the vibration of the screen.
  • the so-called "integral natural frequency” refers to the frequency at which the entire screen vibrator (including excitation coils, magnets, springs and related installation accessories) can resonate with the vibration source when it is excited by the outside to vibrate. Specifically, it can be obtained by the following method: suspend the screen vibrator, fix a small AC voltage, such as 0.1V, and then adjust the frequency of the AC. When adjusted to a certain frequency range, the screen vibrator will vibrate violently, and even the spring will break , the frequency of the alternating current at this time can be taken as the "integral natural frequency" of the screen vibrator.
  • the principle of the screen vibrator is composed of a spring and a vibrator.
  • the ideal schematic diagram is shown in Figure 5.
  • the vibrator vibrates freely, its displacement changes sinusoidally with time, which is called simple harmonic vibration.
  • the amplitude and initial phase of simple harmonic vibration are related to the initial conditions of vibration.
  • the period or frequency of vibration has nothing to do with the initial conditions, but only related to the inherent characteristics of the system, which is called the overall natural frequency or natural period.
  • the overall natural frequency has nothing to do with external excitation and is an inherent property of the structure, as shown in Figure 6A.
  • the vibration system is damped, its vibration amplitude gradually decreases until the vibration stops when there is no continuous external power supply, which is called damped vibration, as shown in Figure 6B. Regardless of whether the outside world excites the structure, the overall natural frequency of the structure exists.
  • k is the stiffness coefficient of the spring
  • m is the quality of the vibrator. Therefore, adjusting the stiffness coefficient of the system and the quality of the vibrator can adjust the overall natural frequency f 0 of the system.
  • the spring stiffness coefficient k is related to the elastic modulus, shape, length, cross-sectional area, and number of turns of the spring material itself. Adjusting these parameters can change the spring stiffness coefficient k.
  • resonance refers to the phenomenon that the amplitude of the mechanical oscillation system increases significantly when the frequency of the external force is the same or very close to the overall natural frequency of the system under the action of a periodic external force.
  • the frequency at which resonance occurs is called the resonance frequency.
  • the energy efficiency of external force input into the mechanical oscillation system is the largest.
  • the work of the external force input into the oscillating system is in balance with the work dissipated by the damping, and the shape of the resonance peak is closely related to the damping, as shown in Figure 7.
  • resonance is harmful, which will cause large deformation and dynamic stress of machinery and structure, and even cause destructive accidents. But it is also possible to use the vibrating machinery of the resonance principle to complete certain processes with less power, such as resonance screens.
  • the screen vibrator when the screen vibrator is pasted on the back of the screen, the screen will generate resistance to the screen vibrator, and a damped resonance will be formed when the screen vibrator vibrates, and the resonant frequency at this time is slightly different from the overall natural frequency of the screen vibrator itself , as shown in Figure 7.
  • This embodiment utilizes the principle of resonance to apply a periodic external force to the magnet by driving the excitation coil, so that the magnet (including accessories for fixing the magnet 1b) and the spring work near its overall natural frequency f 0 , thereby generating resonance. Get maximum vibration amplitude.
  • the shell of the screen vibrator is pasted on the back of the screen, the screen is driven to vibrate, thereby effectively removing the speckle of the laser projection.
  • a housing can also be designed, which is used to attach the entire screen vibrator to the screen.
  • the excitation coil 1a, the magnet 1b, and the spring 1c are placed in the housing, the first end of the spring 1c is fixedly connected to the magnet 1b (for example, it can be fixedly connected by screws), and the second end of the spring 1c is connected to the inner wall of the housing, so that Vibration waves can be conducted to the screen through the casing.
  • a base 1d is also built in the casing, and a coil installation slot 1e is provided on the base 1d, and the excitation coil 1a is installed in the coil installation slot 1e.
  • the base 1d is also provided with a spring fixing post 1f.
  • the magnet 1b is located in the excitation coil 1a, and the excitation coil 1a and the magnet 1b are separated and coaxial.
  • the first end of the spring 1c is fixedly connected to the magnet 1b, and the second end of the spring 1c is connected to the spring fixing post 1f to realize the connection with the inner wall of the housing 1d.
  • the screen vibrator also includes a driving circuit electrically connected to the exciting coil 5 or the exciting coil 1a, and the driving frequency of the driving signal outputted by the driving circuit varies within the preset variation range of the corresponding overall natural frequency.
  • the drive frequency of the drive signal output by the drive circuit is f out , in order to avoid severe resonance and damage to the screen vibrator, f out is not equal to f 0 , and f 0 -20Hz ⁇ f out ⁇ f 0 +20Hz , for example, it can be designed that the driving frequency f out is 50Hz, while the overall natural frequency f 0 is between 55-60Hz, so that a powerful vibration effect can be obtained without damaging the vibrator.
  • the voltage of the driving signal output by the driving circuit varies within a preset variation range of its rated voltage. Specifically, the voltage of the driving signal output by the driving circuit varies within the range of ⁇ 1.0V of its rated voltage.
  • the waveforms of the driving signals output by the above driving circuits may be AC waves, such as AC sine waves shown in FIG. 8A , AC triangular waves, AC sawtooth waves, and AC square waves shown in FIG. 8B .
  • the waveform of the drive signal output by each of the above-mentioned drive circuits can also be a DC wave, such as a DC half-sine wave shown in Figure 8C, a DC square wave shown in Figure 8D, or a DC triangle wave or a DC sawtooth wave, which can be preferably DC square wave.
  • a DC wave such as a DC half-sine wave shown in Figure 8C, a DC square wave shown in Figure 8D, or a DC triangle wave or a DC sawtooth wave, which can be preferably DC square wave.
  • the direction of the magnetic force generated by the excitation coil does not change because the direction of the current does not change.
  • the rebound of the vibrator requires the spring force of the spring itself, and at the same time, no current passes through the coil during the rebound of the vibrator.
  • the direction of the magnetic force generated by the excitation coil also changes periodically because the direction of the current changes periodically.
  • the rebound of the vibrator is not only affected by the elastic force of the spring itself, but also by the magnetic force generated by the coil. The direction is consistent with the direction of the spring's rebound force, so the acceleration and vibration amplitude are better than those driven by DC waveforms.
  • the start-up time of the screen vibrator is also shorter than that of DC waveforms, but AC drive waveforms are easier to meet the resonance conditions.
  • AC drive waveforms are easier to meet the resonance conditions.
  • the second embodiment of the present application provides a screen vibration system, including a plurality of screen vibrators as described in the first embodiment, and each screen vibrator is attached to the back of the screen at the overall natural frequency. There is no speckle in the screen range, and it is necessary to make the screen vibrators evenly distributed in the entire back area of the screen.
  • the screen vibrating system provided by the second embodiment of the present application includes a screen vibrator module 1 and a driving circuit module 2, wherein the screen vibrator module 1 includes a plurality of screen vibrators, the A plurality of screen vibrators are used to be attached to the back of the screen, specifically, they can be pasted directly. Each screen vibrator can drive the screen to vibrate together when driven.
  • Each screen vibrator has the structure and characteristics described above for the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 only two screen vibrators, the screen vibrator 11 and the screen vibrator 12 , are shown as examples, but in fact it can be designed to include any number of them.
  • the multiple screen vibrators have at least two different overall natural frequencies, for example, the overall natural frequencies of the screen vibrator 11 and the screen vibrator 12 are f 01 and f 02 respectively.
  • the driving circuit module 2 includes multiple driving circuits, and FIG. 9 also takes two driving circuits, the driving circuit 21 and the driving circuit 22 , as an example, and it can actually be designed to include any number of them.
  • the drive signals output by the plurality of drive circuits have at least two different drive frequencies, wherein each drive frequency corresponds to each overall natural frequency, and each of the drive circuits has a corresponding overall natural frequency.
  • Screen vibrator Electrically connected, used to drive the corresponding screen vibrator.
  • the drive circuit 21 is electrically connected to and drives all screen vibrators with an overall natural frequency f 01
  • the drive circuit 22 is electrically connected to and drives all screen vibrators with an overall natural frequency f 02 .
  • the screen vibrating system provided by the present application particularly uses screen vibrators with at least two overall natural frequencies, and the overall natural frequencies are f 01 and f 02 respectively.
  • the screen vibrator 11 and the screen vibrator 12 are driven by the driving circuit 21 and the driving circuit 22 respectively, and the driving frequency fout1 output by the driving circuit 21 and the driving frequency fout1 output by the driving circuit 22 are f out2 can be changed within the preset variation range, for example, the variation range can be predicted as 10Hz, that is, f 01 -20Hz ⁇ f out1 ⁇ f 01 +20Hz, f 02 -20Hz ⁇ f out2 ⁇ f 02 +20Hz, f out1 And f out2 make random or periodic changes in this range to change the vibration amplitude and frequency of the vibrator.
  • the voltages V out1 and V out2 of the drive signals output by the drive circuit 21 and the drive circuit 22 all change within the preset range of variation of their respective rated voltages, for example, the range of change can be preset to 1.0V, V out1 and V
  • the vibration amplitude of the screen vibrator can be changed by changing out2 within ⁇ 1.0V of their respective rated voltages over time.
  • the voltage amplitude and driving frequency of the driving signal of the screen vibrator are fine-tuned, and the driving frequency of each driving circuit is not equal to the overall natural frequency of the corresponding screen vibrator, which not only makes the whole screen produce a more uniform frequency.
  • the vibration can effectively remove the speckle on the laser projection screen, and also avoid the formation of standing waves at fixed positions on the back of the screen.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)

Abstract

一种银幕振动器，用于贴附在银幕背面。银幕振动器（11，12）的整体固有频率为f0，f0在5～200Hz之间；银幕振动器（11，12）包括激励线圈（5）、磁体（4）和弹簧（2）；激励线圈（5）在被驱动时可产生电磁力；磁体（4）与弹簧（2）固定连接，且磁体（4）在受电磁力影响而振动时可带动弹簧（2）一起共振，由弹簧（2）将振动波传导至银幕。银幕振动器（11，12）具有结构简单、成本低、振动强度高、无明显噪音、寿命长等优点。

Description

银幕振动器及银幕振动系统
本申请要求于2021年8月27日提交至中国国家知识产权局专利局、申请号为CN 202122053584.7、名称为“银幕振动器及银幕振动系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于激光投影技术领域，尤其涉及一种银幕振动器及银幕振动系统。
 背景技术
激光作为光源应用于投影显示行业已经成为未来的趋势，激光光源以其高电光转化效率、高颜色饱和度、宽色域等优点，开始逐步替代原有汞灯、氙灯等类型的投影光源。然而，由于激光本身的单色性强，容易发射干涉，因此激光投影普遍存在比较严重的散斑问题，使得图像颗粒感明显，图像质量下降。
通过使银幕振动来消除散斑是激光投影显示行业通用做法，例如有通过振动马达使屏幕振动来去除散斑的技术，也有通过使用低频音箱来使银幕产生振动的方法。
对于上述通过振动马达的技术，业内通常采用微型直流电机驱动偏心轮来产生振动，但由于直流电机大多为有刷电机，长时间运行后碳刷磨损严重，导致电机故障，因此此类振动器持续工作寿命通常在300~500小时，远无法满足影院放映的使用要求。而对于上述采用低频音箱的振动方式，由音箱音圈带动纸盆产生振动，在纸盆前方使用海绵与银幕进行软接触，来推动银幕产生振动。低频音箱振动方案需要严格控制音箱与银幕的间距，并且音箱需要牢固地固定在银幕架上，成本及施工难度均不理想。
 技术问题
在此处键入技术问题描述段落。
 技术解决方案
根据本申请的各种实施例，提供一种易于银幕振动器及银幕振动系统。
一种银幕振动器，用于贴附在银幕背面，所述银幕振动器的整体固有频率为f 0，所述f 0在5~200Hz之间；所述银幕振动器包括激励线圈、磁体和弹簧；所述激励线圈在被驱动时可产生电磁力；所述磁体与所述弹簧固定连接，且所述磁体在受所述电磁力影响而振动时可带动所述弹簧一起共振，由所述弹簧将振动波传导至所述银幕。
一种银幕振动系统，包括：
多个如上所述的银幕振动器，各银幕振动器贴附于银幕的背面整体固有频率。
进一步地，多个所述银幕振动器中至少具有两种不同的整体固有频率；所述银幕振动系统还包括多个所述驱动电路，多个所述驱动电路所输出的驱动信号至少具有两种不同的驱动频率，其中，各驱动频率与各整体固有频率一一对应；每个所述驱动电路与具有对应的整体固有频率的银幕振动器电性连接，用于驱动对应的银幕振动器。
进一步地，各所述驱动电路所输出的驱动信号的驱动频率和/或电压幅值在预设的变化幅度内变化。
 
 有益效果
本申请所提供的银幕振动器贴附在银幕背面，银幕振动器中的激励线圈被驱动时可产生电磁力，在该电磁力的作用下，磁体可带动弹簧一起共振，且弹簧会将振动波传导至银幕一起振动，从而实现消除散斑的效果，该银幕振动器具有结构简单、成本低、振动强度高、无明显噪音、寿命长等优点，可以有效解决现有激光投影行业用于消散斑的振动器寿命短且成本高的问题。
 附图说明
图1A是本申请第一实施例提供的第一种银幕振动器的结构图；
图1B是本申请第一实施例提供的第一种银幕振动器的分解图；
图1C是本申请第一实施例提供的第二种银幕振动器的结构图；
图2是本申请第一实施例提供的塔状螺旋弹簧的模型示例结构图；
图3是本申请第一实施例提供的片状弹片的模型示例结构图；
图4是本申请第一实施例提供的简单支杆弹簧的模型示例结构图。
图5是本申请第一实施例提供的理想型银幕振动器的原理图；
图6A和图6B分别是图5所示银幕振动器的简谐振动和阻尼振动的振动波形图；
图7是本申请第一实施例提供的银幕振动器受不同频率的周期性外力时振幅和共振频率的变化示意图；
图8A和图8B分别是本申请第一实施例提供的交流正弦波和交流方波形式的驱动信号的波形图；
图8C和图8D分别是本申请第一实施例提供的直流半正弦波和直流方波形式的驱动信号的波形图；
图9是本申请第二实施例提供的银幕振动系统在银幕上形成驻波的示意图；
图10是本申请第二实施例提供的银幕振动系统的模块原理图；
图11是本申请第二实施例提供的银幕振动器在银幕背面的安装示意图。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
本申请第一实施例提供的银幕振动器在应用时需贴附在银幕背面，该银幕振动器整体固有频率为f 0。
图1A和图1B分别是第一实施例提供的第一种银幕振动器的结构图和分解图，参阅图1A和图1B，该银幕振动器包括：配重块1、弹簧2、紧固件3、磁体4、激励线圈5、底座6，其中，在使用时底座6的底面粘贴在银幕背面。
配重块1、紧固件3和磁体4组成了银幕振动器的振动部分，也称为振子。底座6具有开口的容置腔，激励线圈5固定于该容置腔中，可使用胶水将激励线圈5粘贴固定在容置腔的底部。弹簧2的周缘设有至少一个第一弹簧固定孔21，例如可以如图1A和图1B所示设置在弹簧2的四个角上，相应地，底座6上开口的一面设有至少一个第二弹簧固定孔61，且第二弹簧固定孔61的位置与第一弹簧固定孔21一一对应，使用螺钉等配件将第一弹簧固定孔21和第二弹簧固定孔61固定在一起，从而把弹簧2固定在底座6上。
弹簧2的中部还具有通孔22，紧固件3的一端固定在磁体4上，另一端穿过通孔22与配重块1可拆卸连接，这样连接后弹簧2设置在振子的中间。其中，紧固件3具体可以采用螺钉，也可以采用其他具有固定作用的配件。配重块1的作用主要是增加整个银幕振动器的重量，以便将银幕振动器的整体固有频率为f 0调整到目标值，可以根据情况决定是否需要。
磁体4位于激励线圈5内，激励线圈5与磁体4之间相离且共轴。激励线圈5通过第一导线孔61和第二导线孔62电连接有驱动电路，激励线圈5受该驱动电路的驱动而产生电磁力，激励线圈5所产生的电磁力最好能大于弹簧2的自有回弹力。
磁体4与弹簧2固定连接，且磁体4在受所述电磁力影响而振动时可带动弹簧2一起共振，由弹簧2将振动波传导至银幕，形成阻尼谐振。
图1C是第一实施例提供的第二种银幕振动器的结构图，参阅图1C，该银幕振动器包括激励线圈1a、磁体1b和弹簧1c，其中，激励线圈1a在被驱动时可产生电磁力，同样，激励线圈1a所产生的电磁力最好能大于弹簧1c的自有回弹力。
磁体1b与弹簧1c固定连接，且所述磁体1b在受磁力影响而振动时可带动弹簧1c一起共振，由弹簧1c将振动波传导至银幕，形成阻尼谐振。
上述第一种银幕振动器中的磁体4和第二种银幕振动器中的磁体1b优先选用永磁体，当然也可以选用非永磁体，定期充磁即可。
在图1C中，磁体1b、弹簧1c和壳体1d的功能相当于振子，银幕振动器的整体固有频率即为磁体1b、弹簧1c和壳体1d组成的振子的整体结构的整体固有频率。
上述第一种银幕振动器中的弹簧2和第二种银幕振动器中的弹簧1c可以为平板形弹片、涡旋形弹簧、钢丝、塔型弹簧、螺旋形弹簧、盘状弹簧中的一种。图2给出了塔状螺旋弹簧的模型示例结构，图3给出了片状弹片的模型示例结构，图4给出了简单支杆弹簧的模型示例结构，在实际应用中，根据实际情况选择合适的弹簧结构类型，对尺寸、耐疲劳强度、振幅等进行调整，均属本申请的范围。
根据振动原理，振动的物体会发出声音，通常被称之为声源，同样，银幕振动也会发出声音。人耳能听到的声音频率范围为20Hz~20KHz，频率高于20KHz的声音称为超声波，低于20Hz的称为次声波。人耳最敏感的频率范围为1K~3KHz，对于低于200Hz的声音人耳较不敏感。本申请中，整个银幕振动器的整体固有频率f 0控制在5~200Hz之间，优选地，f 0在10~60Hz之间，从而减弱因银幕振动所产生的人耳可辨识的噪声。
所谓“整体固有频率”，是指整个银幕振动器（包括激励线圈、磁体、弹簧以及相关安装配件）在受外界激励振动时能随振动源共振的频率。具体可以通过如下方式得到：将银幕振动器悬空，固定某一较小交流电压，例如0.1V，然后调整交流电的频率，当调整至某一频率范围时，银幕振动器发生剧烈振动，甚至弹簧断裂，可将此时的交流电的频率作为银幕振动器的“整体固有频率”。
银幕振动器的原理是由弹簧和振子组成，其理想型的原理图如图5所示，振子做自由振动时，其位移随时间按正弦规律变化，称为简谐振动。简谐振动的振幅及初相位与振动的初始条件有关，振动的周期或频率与初始条件无关，仅与系统的固有特性有关，称为整体固有频率或者固有周期。整体固有频率与外界激励没有关系，是结构的一种固有属性，如图6A所示。当振动系统有阻尼时，在无外部持续提供动力时，其振动幅度逐渐减弱直至停止振动，称为阻尼振动，如图6B所示。不管外界有没有对结构进行激励，结构的整体固有频率都是存在的。
在不考虑弹簧本身质量以及摩擦力的情况下，图5所示的振动系统其整体固有频率f 0由下式决定：
Figure dest_path_image001
其中，k为弹簧的刚性系数，m为振子的质量。因此，调整系统的刚性系数和振子的质量，可以调整系统整体固有频率f 0的大小。弹簧刚性系数k与弹簧材料本身的弹性模量、形状、长度、横截面积、圈数等相关，调整这些参数即可改变弹簧的刚性系数k。
当外界有激励时，在外界激励频率和结构的整体固有频率相等或非常接近时将产生共振。在力学系统中，共振是指机械振荡系统在周期性外力作用下，当外力作用频率与该系统的整体固有频率相同或很接近时，系统振幅显著增大的现象。产生共振时的频率称为共振频率，此时外力输入机械振荡系统的能量效率最大。共振时外力输入振荡系统的功同阻尼所耗散的功相平衡，共振峰的形状与阻尼密切相关，如图7所示。在一般情况下共振是有害的，会引起机械和结构很大的变形和动应力，甚至造成破坏性事故。但也可以利用共振原理的振动机械，可用较小的功率完成某些工艺过程，如共振筛等。
本实施例中，当银幕振动器粘贴于银幕背面时，银幕对银幕振动器产生阻力，当银幕振动器振动时形成阻尼谐振，此时的谐振频率较银幕振动器本身的整体固有频率稍有不同，如图7所示。
本实施例利用共振原理，通过驱动激励线圈，使得对磁体施加一个周期性的外力，使得磁体（含用于固定磁体1b的配件）与弹簧工作在其整体固有频率f 0附近，从而产生共振，获得最大振动幅度。当将该银幕振动器的外壳粘贴于银幕背面时，带动银幕产生振动，从而有效去除激光投影的散斑。
对于第二种银幕振动器，为保护激励线圈1a、磁体1b和弹簧1c，还可以设计一壳体，该壳体用于将整个银幕振动器贴附在银幕上。激励线圈1a、磁体1b、弹簧1c置于壳体中，弹簧1c的第一端与磁体1b固定连接（例如可以通过螺丝固定连接），弹簧1c的第二端连接在壳体的内壁上，这样可以将振动波通过壳体传导至银幕。
进一步，壳体中还内置有底座1d，底座1d上设有线圈安装槽1e，该线圈安装槽1e中安装有激励线圈1a。底座1d上还设有弹簧固定柱1f。
磁体1b位于激励线圈1a内，激励线圈1a与磁体1b之间相离且共轴。弹簧1c的第一端与磁体1b固定连接，弹簧1c的第二端连接在弹簧固定柱1f上，实现与壳体1d内壁的连接。
进一步地，该银幕振动器还包括与激励线圈5或激励线圈1a电性连接的驱动电路，该驱动电路所输出的驱动信号的驱动频率均在对应的整体固有频率的预设变化幅度内变化。具体地，该驱动电路所输出的驱动信号的驱动频率为f out，为避免产生剧烈共振导致该银幕振动器损坏，f out不等于f 0，且f 0-20Hz≤f out≤ f 0+20Hz，例如，可以设计为驱动频率f out为50Hz，而整体固有频率f 0在55-60Hz之间，这样既可以获得强有力的振动效果，也不会损坏振动器。
进一步地，该驱动电路所输出的驱动信号的电压在其额定电压的预设变化幅度内变化。具体地，该驱动电路所输出的驱动信号的电压在其额定电压的±1.0V范围内变动变化。
上述各驱动电路所输出的驱动信号的波形可以是交流波，例如可以是图8A所示的交流正弦波，还可以是交流三角波、交流锯齿波，以及图8B所示的交流方波。
上述各驱动电路所输出的驱动信号的波形还可以是直流波，例如图8C所示的直流半正弦波、图8D所示的直流方波，还可以是直流三角波、直流锯齿波，可优选为直流方波。
当使用直流波形对激励线圈进行驱动时，因电流方向始终不发生变化，因此激励线圈产生的磁力的方向不发生变化，振子回弹需要弹簧本身的弹力，同时振子回弹阶段线圈无电流通过。而当使用交流波形对激励线圈进行驱动时，因电流方向周期性变化，因此激励线圈产生的磁力的方向也周期性变化，振子回弹除了受弹簧本身的弹力外，也受到线圈产生的磁力，方向与弹簧回弹力方向一致，因此加速度和振动幅度都优于直流波形的驱动，银幕振动器的起振时间也比直流波形驱动时更短，但交流驱动波形更容易满足共振条件，当弹簧设计不合理时，容易造成弹簧疲劳断裂或者振子振幅过大破坏线圈或其他结构。
本申请第二实施例提供了一种银幕振动系统，包括多个如第一实施例所述的银幕振动器，各银幕振动器贴附于银幕的背面整体固有频率，一般情况下，为保证整个银幕范围内都不出现散斑，需要使各银幕振动器的均匀布设在银幕的整个背面区域。
进一步地，考虑当多个银幕振动器在银幕背面同时进行振动时，若各银幕振动器的频率相同，则会在银幕范围内形成驻波，导致部分区域振幅增强，部分区域振幅减弱或不振动，图10为驻波形成的示意图。为解决此问题，参阅图11，本申请第二实施例所提供的银幕振动系统包括银幕振动器模块1和驱动电路模块2，其中，银幕振动器模块1中包含有多个银幕振动器，该多个银幕振动器用于贴附在银幕背面，具体可以是直接粘贴上去。每个银幕振动器在被驱动时均可带动银幕一起振动。
每个银幕振动器均具有上文第一实施例所描述的结构和特性。图10中仅以银幕振动器11和银幕振动器12两个银幕振动器为例示出，实际上可以设计为包含任意多个。
在满足上述整体固有频率范围的前提下，多个银幕振动器中至少具有两种不同的整体固有频率，例如，银幕振动器11和银幕振动器12的整体固有频率分别为f 01和 f 02。
在驱动电路模块2中包含有多个驱动电路，图9中同样以驱动电路21和驱动电路22这两个驱动电路为例示出，实际上同样可以设计为包含任意多个。
该多个驱动电路所输出的驱动信号至少具有两种不同的驱动频率，其中，各驱动频率与各整体固有频率一一对应，每个所述驱动电路与具有对应的整体固有频率的银幕振动器电性连接，用于驱动对应的银幕振动器。例如，驱动电路21与所有整体固有频率为f 01的银幕振动器电性连接并进行驱动，驱动电路22与所有整体固有频率为f 02的银幕振动器电性连接并进行驱动。
之所以设计为多个银幕振动器具有两种以上不同的整体固有频率，是为避免图9所示的驻波的形成。因此，本申请提供的银幕振动系统中特别采用至少两种整体固有频率的银幕振动器，其整体固有频率分别为f 01和 f 02。以图10和图11为例，该银幕振动器11和银幕振动器12分别由驱动电路21和驱动电路22进行驱动，驱动电路21输出的驱动频率f out1和驱动电路22输出的驱动频率为f out2均可以在预设变化幅度内变化，例如，该变化幅度可以预示为10Hz，即f 01-20Hz≤f out1≤f 01+20Hz，f 02-20Hz≤f out2≤f 02+20Hz，f out1和f out2在此范围内做随机或周期性变化，以改变振动器的振动幅度和频率。同时，驱动电路21和驱动电路22所输出的驱动信号的电压V out1和V out2均在各自额定电压的预设变化幅度内变化，例如，该变化幅度可预设为1.0V，V out1和V out2随时间在各自额定电压±1.0V内变动可以改变银幕振动器的振动幅度。
第二实施例通过对银幕振动器的驱动信号的电压幅度和驱动频率进行微调，且各驱动电路的驱动频率与对应的银幕振动器的整体固有频率不相等，不仅使得整个银幕范围内产生较均匀的振动，有效去除激光投影画面的散斑，还可避免银幕背面的固定位置驻波的形成。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
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  1. 一种银幕振动器，其特征在于，用于贴附在银幕背面，所述银幕振动器的整体固有频率为f 0，所述f 0在5~200Hz之间；所述银幕振动器包括激励线圈、磁体和弹簧；
    所述激励线圈在被驱动时可产生电磁力；
    所述磁体与所述弹簧固定连接，且所述磁体在受所述电磁力影响而振动时可带动所述弹簧一起共振，由所述弹簧将振动波传导至所述银幕。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的银幕振动器，其特征在于，所述银幕振动器还包括与所述激励线圈电性连接的驱动电路。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的银幕振动器，其特征在于，所述驱动电路所输出的驱动信号的驱动频率为f out，所述f out不等于所述f 0，且f 0-20Hz≤f out≤ f 0+20Hz。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的银幕振动器，其特征在于，所述银幕振动器还包括底座；
    所述底座具有开口的容置腔，所述激励线圈固定于所述容置腔中；所述弹簧的周缘设有至少一个第一弹簧固定孔，所述底座上开口的一面设有至少一个第二弹簧固定孔，且所述第二弹簧固定孔的位置与所述第一弹簧固定孔一一对应，使所述第一弹簧固定孔和所述第二弹簧固定孔通过螺钉固定在一起，使得所述弹簧固定在所述底座上；
    所述磁体位于所述激励线圈内，所述激励线圈与所述磁体之间相离且共轴；
    所述磁体与所述弹簧固定连接。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的银幕振动器，其特征在于，所述银幕振动器还包括配重块、紧固件；
    所述弹簧的中部具有通孔，所述紧固件的一端固定在所述磁体上，所述紧固件的另一端穿过所述通孔与所述配重块可拆卸连接。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的银幕振动器，其特征在于，所述银幕振动器还包括一壳体，所述壳体用于贴附在所述银幕上；所述激励线圈、所述磁体、所述弹簧置于所述壳体中，所述弹簧的第一端与所述磁体固定连接，所述弹簧的第二端连接在所述壳体内壁上。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的银幕振动器，其特征在于，所述壳体中内置有底座；
    所述底座上设有线圈安装槽，所述线圈安装槽中安装有所述激励线圈，所述底座上还设有弹簧固定柱；
    所述磁体位于所述激励线圈内，所述激励线圈与所述磁体之间相离且共轴；
    所述弹簧的第二端连接在弹簧固定柱上，实现与壳体内壁的连接。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的银幕振动器，其特征在于，所述驱动电路所输出的驱动信号的波形为交流波。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的银幕振动器，其特征在于，所述交流波为正弦波、交流三角波、交流锯齿波、交流方波中的一种。
  10. 如权利要求2所述的银幕振动器，其特征在于，所述驱动电路所输出的驱动信号的波形为直流半正弦波、直流方波中的一种。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的银幕振动器，其特征在于，所述弹簧为平板形弹片、涡旋形弹簧、钢丝、塔型弹簧、螺旋形弹簧、盘状弹簧中的一种。
  12. 如权利要求2所述的银幕振动器，其特征在于，所述驱动电路所输出的驱动信号的频率为50Hz，电压范围为大于0且小于等于36V。
  13. 一种银幕振动系统，其特征在于，包括：
    多个如权利要求2、3、8-10、12中任一项所述的银幕振动器，各银幕振动器贴附于银幕的背面。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的银幕振动系统，其特征在于，多个所述银幕振动器中至少具有两种不同的整体固有频率；
    所述银幕振动系统还包括多个所述驱动电路，多个所述驱动电路所输出的驱动信号至少具有两种不同的驱动频率，其中，各驱动频率与各整体固有频率一一对应；每个所述驱动电路与具有对应的整体固有频率的银幕振动器电性连接，用于驱动对应的银幕振动器。
  15. 如权利要求13或14所述的银幕振动系统，其特征在于，各所述驱动电路所输出的驱动信号的驱动频率和/或电压幅值在预设的变化幅度内变化。
PCT/CN2022/086125 2021-08-27 2022-04-11 银幕振动器及银幕振动系统 WO2023024528A1 (zh)

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