WO2023021340A1 - Système agricole et son procédé de fonctionnement - Google Patents

Système agricole et son procédé de fonctionnement Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023021340A1
WO2023021340A1 PCT/IB2022/055536 IB2022055536W WO2023021340A1 WO 2023021340 A1 WO2023021340 A1 WO 2023021340A1 IB 2022055536 W IB2022055536 W IB 2022055536W WO 2023021340 A1 WO2023021340 A1 WO 2023021340A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ecosystem
ecosystems
series
agricultural system
water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2022/055536
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Henry Todd
Matthias Lodewijk Elias Brendaan VAN DER HOEVEN
Gijs BOSMAN
Original Assignee
The Weather Makers B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Weather Makers B.V. filed Critical The Weather Makers B.V.
Publication of WO2023021340A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023021340A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/02—Photobioreactors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an agricultural system for growing at least one biological product.
  • the invention further relates to a method of operating such a system.
  • an agricultural system of the type as described in the opening paragraph according to the invention is characterized by, comprising a series of ecosystems that are chained together to create a functional food web, wherein each ecosystem of the series of ecosystems forms a link in a food chain serving as a nutrient source for a next downstream ecosystem in the series of ecosystems, wherein the series of ecosystems is fed with an intake of saline water, in particular saline surface water, more specifically marine water, and wherein the at least one biological product is receivable at one end of the series of ecosystems that comprises a ground bound vegetation.
  • the system i.e.
  • the series of ecosystems that forms the functional food web may be provided entirely onsite for instance in the vicinity, on the coast or at the border of local surface water of an ocean, a sea, a river or a lake. Such water may be salty in which case it is rich of nutrients. Water flows from one ecosystem to the next, and each ecosystem contains a step further upstream in the food chain: algae, plants, bacteria, fungi, worms, insects, small animals, fish; like a series of manmade ponds. Ultimately the at least one biological product is receivable at one end of the series of ecosystems, said biological product comprising a ground bound vegetation.
  • This vegetation may provide an agricultural produce but in any case reestablishes the soil in which it is being grown such that even poor desert soil may be recovered to give way to a flourishing vegetation.
  • the present invention achieves a re-building of the natural world through successive ecosystem regeneration.
  • he ecosystems are connected with each other in a serial, but potentially even parallel way, through water channels.
  • Water is pumped continuously from one eco-system to the next. Only one pump is required because the water will start to flow on its own as the water levels itself out.
  • the size of this water channel and the flow are preferably controllable as they are important for the regulation of the system.
  • water, with plankton algae, planktonic animals and organic material will flow from one ecosystem to the next downstream ecosystem.
  • the water enters the system and flows through the consecutive ecosystems/basins/tanks to finally exit the system.
  • the separate ecosystems with for instance distinct algal, faunal and bacterial species, together form a coherent food web due the flow of water that allows communication of biomass between the ecosystems.
  • water fresh water, brackish or marine
  • the properties of the water most notably the nutrient concentrations, will change due to the biotic and abiotic processes in the system.
  • Each ecosystem will affect the properties of the water in a different way. While some organisms will take up nutrients from the water, like algae, (water)plants and some animals, other organisms will release nutrients back to the water, most notably in the form of fish manure or other faunal manure.
  • the size and (amount of) organisms of each individual ecosystem can be tailored towards the required properties of the water that is necessary as output for a next eco-system.
  • fresh water can be used to revitalise surrounding soils and as fertiliser for crop.
  • the uptake and release of nutrients is essentially an up-cycling and transformation of nutrients through an aquatic food web.
  • An important aspect is the water quality and composition, like nutrient concentrations, of the water entering the system. Water from the initial source, for in stance marine water, can already contain adequate nutrient levels or may be fed through specific sediment bodies to add specific nutrients.
  • Such 'pre-processing' of the water is may be achieved with different water pre-processing systems, like a re-mineralisation basin, a basin that recovers nutrients from sediments or a nutrient basin that recovers nutrients from manure. While nutrients can be interchanged between sediments and water in separate steps, before it reaches the ecosystems, sediments can also be placed directly inside each ecosystem to increase nutrient uptake and release from the sediments to the water. Uptake and release of nutrients from the sediments to the water can happen through biotic and abiotic means.
  • each ecosystem of the series of ecosystems is each maintained as an individual habitat.
  • Each habitat provides a separate environment, particularly a closed environment, that allows to tailor a microclimate to the benefit of the particular ecosystem.
  • planktonic organisms may flow from one ecosystem to another and thus influence the local environment.
  • the scale of each habitat may be tuned to that of the next ecosystem in the chain of ecosystems, commensurate to the order in the food chain and the nutritious uptake. In practice lower order ecosystems tend to be bulkier than higher order ecosystems in order to provide sufficient food.
  • a preferred embodiment of the agricultural system according to the invention is characterized in that the series of ecosystems comprises at least one algae reactor that takes in said saline water, in particular a reactor for non-supernatant algae, more in particular a diatom algae reactor.
  • algae may flourish in saline water that provides nutrients by its natural mineral contents.
  • non-supernatant algae like diatom algae appear favourable in this respect as these algae will drift to a bottom.
  • These algea are moreover favoured because of their digestibility by higher trophic order organisms, their high growth rate an efficiency and because they tend not to be toxic in case of a bloom. This leaves upper levels in the reactor accessible to incident photo(synthetic) active radiation (PAR), like natural sunlight or artificial lighting.
  • PAR photo(synthetic) active radiation
  • the algae reactor may particularly be held in one or more at least substantially closed housings, particularly one or more first basins, particularly transparent plastic tanks.
  • Such closed environments create a sheltered environment and allow a precise control over the climactical conditions to which the particular ecosystem is exposed.
  • a further embodiment of the system according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one algae reactor is provided with aerating means, in particular aerating means with an inlet for air from outside said closed housing.
  • the aerating means may be provided to promote natural development and proliferation of aerobic micro-organisms, like the algae to be harvested, by the introduction of oxygen and carbon in the form of carbon dioxide.
  • the aerating means moreover ensure an adequate mixing of the water for a uniform distribution of resources within the water and to expose photo synthetically active planktonic organisms more uniformly to solar and/or artificial irradiance.
  • This may further be enhanced in a further embodiment of the system according to the invention that is characterized in that the at least one algae reactor is provided with artificial lighting means, in particular artificial lighting means, which are capable and adapted to generate photo-synthetically active radiation (PAR).
  • PAR photo-synthetically active radiation
  • a further preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one algae reactor is in open communication with a condensing body and that collection means are coupled to said condensing body in order to collect condensation water from said condensing body.
  • the condensing body may for instance be formed by a roof of a dome or other enclosure that holds the ecosystem(s).
  • the condensation water may be used for irrigation of a surrounding area and/or it may be beneficial for a more downstream ecosystem in the chain of ecosystems.
  • This way the condesation water obtained from a salt water train is used as a fresh water source.
  • the system may further be characterized in that transport means are provided which receive condensation water from said collection means and are configured to transport said condensation water to a downstream ecosystem in the series of ecosystems.
  • Said downstream ecosystem may for instance apply this fresh water as drinking water for cattle, for irrigation of crop, like vegetables or the like, or for regreening in general.
  • the system according to the invention is characterized in that the series of ecosystems comprises at least one further aqueous ecosystem downstream of the algae reactor, and in that the at least one algae reactor comprises algae, in particular diatoms algae, which serve as a food source for zooplankton and other faunal species in the at least one further aqueous ecosystem in the series of ecosystems.
  • each upstream ecosystem in the series of ecosystems serves as a food source for a next ecosystem link in the food chain.
  • the algae that may be harvested from one or more algae reactor may serve as nutrients for phytoplankton that is held in one or more next ecosystems.
  • These one or more downstream aqueous ecosystems in which phytoplankton is being cultivated are preferably held the at least one further aqueous ecosystem for the phytoplankton is kept in a separate closed environment, particularly in at least one second basin.
  • a closed environment allows creating, tailoring and adjusting a microclimate to the need of that particular ecosystem.
  • the scale of the total habitat may be tuned to that of a next ecosystem in the series of ecosystems, commensurate to the order in the food chain that tend to be inversely proportional to a metabolic efficiency.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one further aqueous ecosystem produces phytoplankton which directly or indirectly serves as a food source for aquatic plants and/or small aquatic animals such as juvenile fish, and more particularly in that the aquatic plants and/or small aquatic animals such as juvenile fish are kept in a separate closed environment, particularly in at least one third basin.
  • These small animals, like juvenile fish, may still be kept in saline water that will become increasingly depleted along the chain of ecosystems due to a progressive intake of dissolved minerals in successive ecosystems.
  • a closed environment allows creating, tailoring and adjusting a microclimate to the need of that particular ecosystem.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention expresses a (by)product in the ecological food chain that may serve as a human food source in that downstream of the at least one further aqueous ecosystem the series of ecosystems comprises at least one aquaponics ecosystem for fish farming of fish intended for human consumption, and that said aquatic plants and/or small aquatic animals , such as juvenile fish, from the at least one further aqueous ecosystem serve for said fish farming, and more particularly in that said aquaponic ecosystem is kept in a separate environment, particularly in at least one further basin. Fish that is harvested from this environment may serve the local population in the vicinity of the aquaponic ecosystem. Also for this step, a closed environment allows creating, tailoring and adjusting a microclimate to the need of the fish that is being grown in this environment.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention is characterized in that downstream of the aquaponic system the series of ecosystems comprises at least one hydroponics for a production of a crop, and in that said aquaponic ecosystem produces fertilizers that serve as nutrients in the hydroponics.
  • said hydroponics is an at least substantially freshwater culture, and in particular is at least partly fed with condensation water from an upstream ecosystem of the series of ecosystems.
  • the series of ecosystems provided for by the system according to the invention may be used to improve the environmental conditions of the local geographical area.
  • the system according to the invention is characterized in that downstream of the aquaponics system the series of ecosystems comprises at least one soil-bound ecosystem for the cultivation of at least one crop, and in that the aquaponics ecosystem produces fertilizers that serve as nutrients for at least one crop.
  • the system may further serve as a source of fresh irrigation water.
  • Aquatic plants grown within one of the ecosystems can be used as livestock feed. The manure of such livestock may be used for pre-processing water or serve as compost for seedlings.
  • a further embodiment of the system according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one soil-bound ecosystem comprises irrigation means that are fed with condensation water from an upstream ecosystem of the series of ecosystems, and more particularly in that said saline water taken in by the series of ecosystems comprises surface water, and in that the at least one soil-bound ecosystem comprises a soil-bound ecosystem adjacent to a source of said surface water.
  • a sea shore that would otherwise be unfit to cultivate plat species, like trees and grasses, may be converted in fertile soil with sufficient humidity to allow initial vegetation. This initial vegetation may give way to higher order vegetation as the soil conditions will thereby further improve such that forsaken desolate land may be turned into nature again and/or useful farmland as examples of a functional ecosystem.
  • each ecosystem in the series of ecosystems is fed or enriched from an upstream ecosystem from the series of ecosystems, and more particularly by regenerating an earth's soil by operating such method and system, in particular by taking in surface water from adjacent or at least nearby saline surface water.
  • Figure 1 gives a schematic representation of a practical example of an agricultural system according to the invention in an initial stage
  • Figure 2 shows a salt water dome within the system of figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows a series of processes along a series of ecosystems within the salt water dome of figure 2;
  • Figure 4 shows a plant dome in the system of figure 1;
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of the system of figure 1 in a more developed stage.
  • the present invention offers reestablishing a natural biosphere at desolate regions that so far suffer from aridity, particularly wasteland along a sea shore or salty lake. It uses the minerals that are naturally dissolved in saline, e.g. marine, water especially for their nitrogen and phosphorous contents that are necessary to initiate and maintain photo synthetic reactions by primary forms of life.
  • the system according to the invention further takes advantage of diatomic sediment present along many shores. Both can be used as a start in a life cycle of an agricultural system according to the invention that will progressively demineralize saline water to eventually offer fresh water that allows a re-greening of wasteland.
  • An embodiment of an agricultural system of the invention sets out with one or more salt water domes 1 along a shore of natural saline water, for instance in a desert along a sea shore as shown in figure 1.
  • An collection salt water domes 10 are placed next to one another together with a collection of fresh water domes 20 and plant domes 30 that are functionally connected to another to form a functional food web.
  • the domes typically, have a diameter of the order of 25 metre and are 10-15 metre high.
  • the production plant further includes buildings for offices 40 and maintenance buildings 50.
  • FIG. 2 An example of a salt water dome is shown in figure 2.
  • This water dome 10 has a transparent hood 5 that allows the entrance of natural daylight.
  • the hood 5 may be formed out of a transparent, form retaining plastic plate material, like poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) or poly carbonate.
  • the hood 5 may be inflatable, being formed from a transparent, substantially airtight synthetic foil, to be deployed at the site.
  • the salt water dome 10 has one or more intakes 100 of saline water that is allowed to settle in a first basin 15 containing a microbial system 105.
  • the supernatant water of said basin 15 provides fresh marine water that is supplied to a first ecosystem 110 in a series of aquatic ecosystems 110-140 as shown in more detail in figure 3.
  • These aquatic ecosystems 110-140 reside in a water dome 10 but might also be distributed over separate salt water dome(s) 10 and fresh water dome(s) 20. as shown in figure 1, in order to maintain an individual optimal micro-climate that is ideal to the
  • Naturally occurring marine water is fed to the intake 100 of the microbial system 105, that contains seawater and diatomic sediment.
  • the sediment is allowed to settle in said one or more first basins 15 while sediment rich supernatant water is fed to the first ecosystem 110.
  • Said first ecosystem 110 of this example comprises one or more algae reactors which in the present case are diatom reactors comprising one or more basins 11 within the dome 10. These reactors 110 are used to produce and proliferate diatom algae that express a silicon shell and, as a result, tend to drift to the bottom of one or more basins 11 in which they are cultivated.
  • other algae species or microbial colonies may be cultivated as a first ecosystem in a series of successive ecosystems that will populate the agricultural ecosystem according to the invention.
  • non-supernatant species are used as they will settle to the bottom of the basin(s) 11 to allow a undisturbed entrance of incident light to the higher levels in the basin(s) 11.
  • the diatom algae provide a (first) photosynthetic system that will produce chlorophyll matter together with heat 112. This heat is used to supplement naturally occurring heliothermal energy for evaporating water that was taken in at the same or separate intake 100. Water vapour, generated this way, is allowed to bounce to a condensing body, like the hood 5 of the dome 10, in order to gain fresh condensation water that is being collected by collecting means 160 and fed to a terrestrial ecosystem 50 more downstream in the series of ecosystems by a piping system 165 or other means of water transport, as will be explained later.
  • Aerating means may be added to the diatoms reactors 11 to boost their performance together with artificial LED lighting (not shown) that will deliver additional photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) independent from the natural day/night cycle.
  • diatoms algae may be grown continuously, i.e. on a 24/7 basis, if necessary alternated periodically by short dark cycles.
  • Solar panels may be used as a local power source to drive the aerating means and artificial light panels.
  • the diatoms and their produce serve as nutrient source for a next stage 120 in the series of ecosystem.
  • said next ecosystem 120 is set up to provide juvenile aquatic growth.
  • An oxygenic ecosystem 120 is distributed over one or more basins 12 and contains phytoplankton, like small aquatic plants and small animals like bottom feeders.
  • a layer of diatoms sediment that was taken in and allowed to settle at the intake 105 is used a substrate in which the aquatic plants can take root.
  • Algae were gained form the algae reactor 110 and serve as food for this phytoplankton in this second stage in the food chain that is built up in the system according to the invention.
  • the phytoplankton is allowed to flourish and is subsequently used as nutrient source for small juvenile fish and higher aquatic plant in a next ecosystem 130, hereinafter referred to as juvenile system, that is held in the same water dome 10, albeit in one or more separate basins 13. This way the aquatic conditions may be controlled individually for each ecosystem.
  • the higher order aquatic plants may serve as food source or at least part of the nutritious intake by fish in a aquaponics system that forms a next ecosystem 140 in the series of ecosystems.
  • This aquaponic system produces fish for human consumption. These basins may be kept in the same water dome 10 as the preceding eco-systems but are preferably accommodated in separate fresh water domes 20 as indicated in figure 1. Fish species that may be kept for such fish farming are for instance mullets and (blue Nile) tilapia. Besides serving as a nutrient source for local residents, the fish will produce faeces. These are also harvested from the aquaponics water and fed via a rock filter to a fertilizer system 150 containing worms in order to provide a fertilizer for a hydroponics system that is being cultivated in a plant dome 30 that is shown in figure 4. Any condensation against the hood of any such fresh water dome 20 may conveniently be fed back to its own intake of fresh water and re-circulated in the system.
  • the plant dome 30, shown in figure 4, offers a hydroponics terrestrial ecosystem 170 (figure 5) in a closed environment such that the environmental conditions, notably the atmospheric climate, may be controlled to a considerable extent. Particularly water may be kept inside and any water vapour collected by collecting means 325 may be reused for humidification of the soil in which the plants are being grown. Like in certain of the more upstream ecosystems 120- 140, diatoms sediment may be used as a mineral rich soil for the cultivation of plants in the plant dome 2.
  • a fertilizer system 150 as part of the aquaponics system 140 separates the manure from the water, for instance by means of a rock filter and allows a a further biodegradation by means of worms that are allowed to live in the manure.
  • the resulting fertilizer is a valuable source of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium containing minerals that will boost the cultivation of plants that are kept in the plant dome 30, notably salt tolerant crops, vegetables or even trees. As minerals are retracted form the water flow from the intake to the final stage, the water will progressively become depleted which will enable other species to flourish. Finally the crops and nursery plants that are grown in the plant dome 30 may be taken outside to offer a soil bound ecosystem 170 in open air that may benefit from the demineralized water leaving the domes 10,20,30.
  • domes 10,20,30 are surrounded by an entirely new green biosphere that offers opportunities to a further re-greened development of the local area.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)

Abstract

Système agricole de croissance d'au moins un produit biologique, comprenant une série d'écosystèmes (110-170), chacun formant un lien dans une chaîne alimentaire. Chaque écosystème de la série d'écosystèmes sert de source d'écosystèmes en aval dans la série d'écosystèmes. La série d'écosystèmes est alimentée par une admission d'eau salée, en particulier d'eau de surface salée, plus spécifiquement d'eau de mer. Au moins un produit biologique peut être reçu à une extrémité de la série d'écosystèmes et comprend une végétation liée au sol.
PCT/IB2022/055536 2021-08-19 2022-06-15 Système agricole et son procédé de fonctionnement WO2023021340A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2028987 2021-08-19
NL2028987A NL2028987B1 (en) 2021-08-19 2021-08-19 Agricultural system and method of operating the same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023021340A1 true WO2023021340A1 (fr) 2023-02-23

Family

ID=82483345

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2022/055536 WO2023021340A1 (fr) 2021-08-19 2022-06-15 Système agricole et son procédé de fonctionnement

Country Status (2)

Country Link
NL (1) NL2028987B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023021340A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150196002A1 (en) * 2014-01-12 2015-07-16 Kevin Friesth Automated hybrid aquaponics and bioreactor system including product processing and storage facilities with integrated robotics, control system, and renewable energy system cross-reference to related applications
US20150305313A1 (en) * 2014-04-24 2015-10-29 Jason Licamele Integrated multi-trophic farming process
JP5975602B2 (ja) * 2011-03-03 2016-08-23 株式会社筑波バイオテック研究所 微細藻類連続培養装置およびこの装置を用いた微細藻類連続培養方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5975602B2 (ja) * 2011-03-03 2016-08-23 株式会社筑波バイオテック研究所 微細藻類連続培養装置およびこの装置を用いた微細藻類連続培養方法
US20150196002A1 (en) * 2014-01-12 2015-07-16 Kevin Friesth Automated hybrid aquaponics and bioreactor system including product processing and storage facilities with integrated robotics, control system, and renewable energy system cross-reference to related applications
US20150305313A1 (en) * 2014-04-24 2015-10-29 Jason Licamele Integrated multi-trophic farming process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL2028987B1 (en) 2023-02-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Kumar et al. Reuse of hydroponic waste solution
EP2043427B1 (fr) Système aquaponique
CN101902904B (zh) 蔬菜和鱼类共生设备
US10172304B2 (en) Microalgae-based soil inoculating system and methods of use
Chanakya et al. Sustainability of large-scale algal biofuel production in India
Escobar et al. Duckweed: A tiny aquatic plant with enormous potential for bioregenerative life support systems
KR102651694B1 (ko) 에너지제로 생태순환형 농수축산 통합생산시스템
CN106258873A (zh) 一种利用生态浮床种植水芹的方法
CN103190324A (zh) 一种红提葡萄生态种植模式
NL2028987B1 (en) Agricultural system and method of operating the same
Gorjian et al. Emerging applications of solar energy in agriculture and aquaculture systems
KR101334910B1 (ko) 인공구조물을 이용한 연산호류 조성방법
Pantanella Pond aquaponics: new pathways to sustainable integrated aquaculture and agriculture
Cloern et al. Eutrophication
CN214961674U (zh) 无土栽培共养系统
CN113040045B (zh) 水生动植物内循环生长繁殖共养系统
KR102379717B1 (ko) 바이오플락 사육수를 이용한 자동식물 생산장치
Dhanya Assembling a Small Scale Aquaponics System
Chaudhary et al. Soilless Cultivation: A Distinct Vision for Sustainable Agriculture
Jephi et al. Assembling a Small Scale Aquaponics System
CN115769782A (zh) 一种生态立体种养殖装置
Ojanen et al. Can bacterial biofiltration be replaced by autotrophic organisms in recirculating fresh water aquaculture?
CN116491352A (zh) 一种生物多样性生态种植园构建方法
Ray44 et al. ‘Beautiful Blue Devil’or ‘Cinderella’? Perspectives on opportunities to use water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms)
Watts Biogeochemical cycles and energy flows in environmental systems

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 22740498

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE