WO2023020778A1 - Projection arrangement for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Projection arrangement for a motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023020778A1
WO2023020778A1 PCT/EP2022/070528 EP2022070528W WO2023020778A1 WO 2023020778 A1 WO2023020778 A1 WO 2023020778A1 EP 2022070528 W EP2022070528 W EP 2022070528W WO 2023020778 A1 WO2023020778 A1 WO 2023020778A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pane
projector
projection arrangement
housing
section
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/070528
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michele CAPPUCCILLI
Benjamin Schultheis
Marcel Klein
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Glass France filed Critical Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority to CN202280004188.XA priority Critical patent/CN115989140A/en
Publication of WO2023020778A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023020778A1/en

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Classifications

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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a general shape other than plane
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    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
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    • B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
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    • B32B2369/00—Polycarbonates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B2027/0192—Supplementary details
    • G02B2027/0194—Supplementary details with combiner of laminated type, for optical or mechanical aspects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a projection arrangement for a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle comprising such a projection arrangement.
  • Windshields containing functional elements are increasingly being used in vehicles. These include, for example, display elements that allow the glazing to be used as a display, with the glazing remaining transparent. Via displays of this type, the driver of a motor vehicle can have relevant information displayed directly on the windshield of the motor vehicle without having to take his or her eyes off the road. Applications in buses, trains or other forms of public transport, in which current information about the journey or advertising is projected onto the glazing, are also known.
  • HUD head-up display
  • a projector and a windshield with a wedge-shaped thermoplastic intermediate layer and/or wedge-shaped panes
  • a wedge angle is necessary to avoid double images.
  • the projected image appears in the form of a virtual image at a certain distance from the windshield, so that the driver of the motor vehicle perceives the projected navigation information as being on the road in front of him, for example. This may be beneficial for navigation applications, but is rather irritating for other information, such as information about an incoming phone call or warnings.
  • Another well-known concept for displaying information on a pane is the integration of display films based on diffuse reflection. These create a real image that appears to the viewer in the plane of the glazing. Glazings with transparent display films are known, for example, from EP 2 670 594 A1 and EP 2 856 256 A1. The diffuse reflection of the display element is generated by means of a rough internal surface and a coating on it. EP 3 151 062 A1 describes a projection arrangement for integration in automobile glazing. Display films are available in the form of projection films that contain the diffusely reflecting layer on at least one carrier film. Such display foils can be integrated into glazing via thermoplastic composite foils.
  • the windshield of a motor vehicle can thus be used simultaneously as a projection surface for a virtual HUD image and a real image based on diffuse reflection.
  • the real image which is based on diffuse reflection, is transparent so that the driver can see through the pane adequately. Nevertheless, a large number of large-scale projections on the windshield can be irritating for the driver.
  • WO 2021 139995 A1 relates to a glazing and display system for vehicles comprising a composite vehicle pane which comprises a layer which can be switched between an active first state and a second state.
  • the layer In the first state, the layer reflects incident light, which strikes the composite pane from a first side of the vehicle assembly, diffusely, so that a projected image is visible on a second side of the composite pane.
  • the laminated pane is a side window, a side window or a partition of a vehicle.
  • large-area display panels such as TFT displays
  • TFT displays can be installed in the vehicle interior, on which the desired information can be visualized without impairing the view through the windshield.
  • the display panels themselves especially when switched off, are visually unattractive and dominant in color, usually black.
  • WO 2021 107061 A1 and WO 2021 107062 A1 disclose image display systems in motor vehicles, the image display systems comprising a display glass which is used in the dashboard of the motor vehicle.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a projection arrangement for a motor vehicle which is visually attractive in the inactive state and does not impair the driver's view in the active state.
  • the object of the present invention is solved by a projection arrangement according to independent claim 1 .
  • Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
  • the projection arrangement according to the invention for a motor vehicle comprises at least one composite pane, a projector for projecting an image on the composite pane and a housing with a light outlet opening.
  • the composite pane includes a first pane having a projector-side surface (Side I) and a viewer-side surface (Side II) and a second pane having a projector-side surface (Side III) and a viewer-side surface (Side IV).
  • the viewer-side surface (II) of the first pane is connected to the projector-side surface (III) of the second pane via a thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the projector-side surface of the first pane and the second pane is in each case the surface of the first pane and the second pane that is closest to the projector.
  • the pane surface opposite the projector-side surface (I) of the first pane is the viewer-side surface (II) of the first pane.
  • the surface opposite the viewer-side surface (IV) of the second pane is the projector-side surface (III) of the second pane.
  • the viewer-side surface of the panes is the surface of the respective pane that is closest to the viewer for whom the projection is intended. The projector is thus located on the projector-side surface (I) of the first pane, while the viewer of the projection is provided on the opposite, viewer-side surface (IV) of the second pane.
  • the diffusely reflecting layer of the composite pane is arranged between the viewer-side surface (II) of the first pane and the projector-side surface (III) of the second pane and diffusely reflects light impinging on the layer.
  • the projector is arranged inside the housing in such a way that a light beam generated by the projector hits the projector-side surface (I) of the first pane through the light outlet opening of the housing. The light from the projector thus first falls on the projector-side surface (I) of the first pane, then on the diffusely reflecting layer and is scattered there. This diffusely reflected scattered light emerges from the observer-side surface (IV) of the second pane and is visible to an observer on this side of the pane as an image in the plane of the composite pane.
  • the projection thus takes place in transmission.
  • the composite pane is arranged at a distance of less than 200 mm from the light outlet opening of the housing.
  • the housing surrounds the projector and, due to the small distance between the light outlet opening and the laminated pane, also closes a large part of the light path. This optically cloaks the projector and light path and hides it from the viewer while protecting it from interference from objects entering the light path.
  • the image of the projection arrangement is generated on the composite pane of the projection arrangement provided for this purpose, so that the windshield of a vehicle with a projection arrangement according to the invention is not impaired by the projection. This reduces the abundance of representations on the windshield, which improves their clarity. At the same time, monitors that appear as large black areas when inactive are avoided.
  • the laminated pane of the projection arrangement according to the invention is visually more appealing.
  • the laminated pane can also be made at least partially transparent, so that the areas lying behind the laminated pane are visible to the observer through the laminated pane.
  • the decorative surfaces frequently used in vehicles are not optically disturbed by large black display panels, but are visible through the laminated pane when the projection arrangement is inactive. As a result, the visual appearance of the motor vehicle interior is significantly improved.
  • the composite pane is not intended as transparent glazing that separates the vehicle interior from the vehicle environment, but as an additional composite pane that lies within the vehicle interior when the projection arrangement is installed in a motor vehicle.
  • the laminated pane can be made transparent or tinted, with the tint and appearance being designed according to customer requirements. In this context, the legal requirements regarding the light transmission of windscreens do not have to be taken into account.
  • the surfaces of the housing facing the light path are designed in such a way that they have only a low level of light reflection.
  • these surfaces are matt and black.
  • Polymeric materials are particularly suitable for manufacturing the housing and/or for coating the relevant surfaces.
  • the composite pane is preferably arranged at a distance of less than 100 mm, preferably 10 mm to 80 mm, particularly preferably 20 mm to 60 mm, from the light outlet opening of the housing.
  • the laminated pane is integrated in a visually appealing and space-saving manner. It is also advantageous in terms of accident safety if the laminated pane protrudes only a small amount, thus minimizing the risk of injury.
  • unwanted reflections of the projector light or sunlight are avoided by keeping the distance between the compound pane and the housing surface with the light outlet opening as small as possible.
  • the housing of the projection arrangement conceals the projector and a large part of the light path and is also available for accommodating further optional components, such as optics for directing the light beam generated by the projector.
  • the housing may consist of one or more parts that together at least partially surround the projector and the light path.
  • the housing can also only arise in the installation situation of the projection arrangement in a motor vehicle.
  • the surfaces of the vehicle structure closest to the projector and the light path together form the housing.
  • Further components independent of the projection arrangement can also be integrated within the housing in the sense of a space-saving and weight-saving vehicle construction. For example, if the projector is integrated in the area behind the dashboard of the vehicle that is not visible to the driver, the housing surrounding the projector consists of the dashboard and the space below the dashboard.
  • the dashboard forms the housing surface that is visible to the driver or other viewers in the vehicle interior.
  • the projector is integrated below the dashboard, i.e.
  • the light outlet opening is located in the dashboard and connects the space below the dashboard with the vehicle interior.
  • the projection arrangement according to the invention can be integrated in the front or rear center console of the vehicle.
  • the housing of the projection arrangement formed by the borders of the center console, for example, and the light outlet opening is located on a surface of the center console as an opening that connects the interior of the center console with the vehicle interior.
  • the composite pane of the projection arrangement preferably has a size of 5 cm 2 to 50 cm 2 , particularly preferably 15 cm 2 to 40 cm 2 , in particular 25 cm 2 to 35 cm 2 .
  • a laminated pane of this magnitude offers sufficient space for projecting an image and can be integrated to save space.
  • the housing includes an optical arrangement, by means of which the light beam of the projector is deflected and/or focused and projected onto the laminated pane through the light outlet opening.
  • the housing preferably comprises at least one mirror by means of which the light beam generated by the projector can be directed along a light path in such a way that it strikes the laminated pane through the light outlet opening.
  • the path covered by the light beam between the projector and the laminated pane is referred to as the light path.
  • An optical arrangement is advantageous to allow greater flexibility in positioning the projector. The use of one or more mirrors as the optical arrangement is preferred.
  • the light path can run completely linearly, provided that no optical arrangements such as mirrors are used, or preferably composed of several linear sections. Immediately adjacent linear sections are connected via a mirror that deflects the light beam.
  • the light path preferably comprises at least a first section between the projector and a mirror and a second section between a mirror and the laminated pane. If the projection arrangement contains exactly one mirror, then the first section of the light path is between the projector and this mirror and the second section of the light path is between the mirror and the laminated pane. If the projection arrangement comprises two or more mirrors, at least a third section of the light path lies between the first section and the second section.
  • the number of mirrors used depends on the installation position of the projector, with a higher number of mirrors allowing for a spatially more flexible installation position.
  • the second section of the light path ie the section between a mirror and the laminated pane, is preferably inclined in the direction of the floor surface of the motor vehicle when the projection arrangement is installed in a motor vehicle.
  • inclined means that the light path deviates from a parallel to the floor surface, preferably by an angle of at least 5°, particularly preferably by an angle of at least 10°, in the direction of the floor surface. This is advantageous in order to prevent the viewer from being dazzled by the portion of light transmitted in a directed manner through the windshield. Even if the laminated pane has a diffusely reflecting layer, there is generally no complete scattering of the light from the projector impinging on the laminated pane, but rather a certain proportion of the light is transmitted directly. This transmitted portion of light could dazzle the viewer, which is avoided by tilting the beam in the second section of the light path.
  • the projector and/or the mirror or mirrors are preferably arranged in such a way that the second section of the light path forms an angle of up to 15° to 85°, preferably from 20° to 60°, to the adjacent first section or, if there are more than one Mirror, to an adjacent third section occupies.
  • This course of the light path has proven to be advantageous with regard to a space-saving arrangement of the projector and mirror or mirrors in the housing.
  • the total length of the light path is the sum of the lengths of all sections of the light path.
  • the overall length of the light path and the projector used are preferably matched to one another in such a way that the overall length of the light path lies between the minimum focusing distance of the projector and the maximum focusing distance of the projector.
  • the laminated pane has a maximum luminance factor of between 0.1 and 0.8, preferably between 0.3 and 0.6 and, for a real image generated in the plane of the laminated pane, an intrinsic viewing angle a of more than 60°, in a first direction and greater than 30°, in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the intrinsic viewing angle ⁇ is particularly preferably greater than 70° in a first direction and greater than 20°, preferably greater than 30° in a second direction which runs perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the practical viewing angle depends on both the ambient light and the projector used. Nonetheless, the practical viewing angle is a commonly used feature for display specification and can be determined for the chosen environmental conditions related to a specific use case.
  • the practical viewing angle is determined based on the contrast of the screen.
  • the contrast of a screen is usually defined as the luminance ratio between a white and a black image, with a minimum ratio of 4.5:1 (white image to black image) considered necessary for a legible display. From this, the practical viewing angle can be derived as the viewing angle 0 within the position in which at least the minimum contrast of 4.5:1 is achieved.
  • the intrinsic viewing angle ⁇ of a display is measured from the luminance curve in the area of the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the peak around the maximum value, independent of the value of the viewing angle 0 at the peak center.
  • the reference 0 0° for the measurement of the luminance curve corresponds to the transmission direction.
  • the luminance of an ideal screen (Lambertian reference, called Spectralon) is measured under the same conditions.
  • An ideal screen is defined as a screen whose luminance does not depend on projection or viewing angle and whose reflectivity is 100%.
  • the Lambertian reference screen is a surface that perfectly obeys Lambert's cosine law, which states that the amount of light reflected from an ideal, diffusely reflecting surface is directly proportional to the cosine of the angle between the direction of the incident light and the surface normal.
  • the human eye can only detect luminance, which is a measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light traveling in a given direction and describes the amount of light reflected from a given surface.
  • luminance is a measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light traveling in a given direction and describes the amount of light reflected from a given surface.
  • a Lambertian surface with ideal diffuse reflection is therefore perceived by the human eye with the same luminance and brightness regardless of the viewing angle.
  • an ideal Lambertian diffuser is accessible through commercially available reference materials such as "Spectralon" which is made of sintered polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • Spectralon sintered polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Maximum luminance also known as maximum gain or peak gain
  • 0° maximum luminance
  • some specially designed screens may have their maximum luminance at a different viewing angle. It should be noted that with a transparent display the value at 0° may not be measurable due to the hotspot (specular reflection of the projector light on the outer flat glass surface) and is therefore extrapolated from the luminance at a small angle.
  • Preferred intrinsic viewing angles are defined in terms of luminance as being within the FWHM of the luminance curve (see Figure 6). This definition is an intrinsic definition.
  • Luminance indicates the luminance of the projection screen in relation to the luminance of an ideal screen, which is a perfect Lambertian diffuser.
  • viewing angle An alternative more practical definition of viewing angle would be to define a practical viewing angle where the contrast is less than 4.5:1, but this definition depends on the viewing and lighting conditions and the projector. It is therefore preferred to define the viewing angles within the FWHM of the luminance curve.
  • the luminance curve can be determined as already described and has the shape of a Gaussian curve, for example.
  • the displayed image is a real image.
  • a real image differs from a virtual image in terms of the focal plane.
  • the focal plane has a certain distance from the projection surface, eg one meter or up to several meters.
  • the plane of focus is close to the screen.
  • the focal plane for a real image according to the invention is preferably at a maximum distance of 10 cm from the laminated pane.
  • the composite panel When the projector is off, the composite panel is optically similar to traditional glazing, maintaining transparency with a slightly higher haze value.
  • a typical haze for such glazing is between 1% and 6%, preferably between 2.5% and 4.5%, measured according to the ASTM D 1003 standard.
  • Haze measures the proportion of transmitted light that is at an angle greater than 2.5° from the straight path. High values correspond to a loss of contrast in the image projected onto the laminated pane. Good transparency of the laminated pane is achieved within the given range of low haze values.
  • the light outlet opening of the projection arrangement is covered by at least one screen.
  • the screen can be fixed or moveable.
  • the panel runs between the second section of the light path and the floor surface of the motor vehicle when the projection arrangement is installed, preferably at an angle of 0° to 10° to the second section of the light path.
  • the aperture does not enter the light path.
  • the screen is designed to be movable and closes the light outlet opening when the projection arrangement is switched off. In the active state of the projection arrangement, the movable screen can assume the position of the fixed screen according to the first embodiment.
  • the projection arrangement has a fixed diaphragm and a movable diaphragm, the movable diaphragm closing the light outlet opening when the projection arrangement is switched off.
  • the movable shutters of the described embodiments can be changed in position by means of a controller and a motor.
  • the diffusely reflecting layer is preferably introduced into the laminated pane in such a way that it lies between the viewer-side surface of the first pane and the projector-side surface of the second pane is arranged.
  • the diffusely reflecting layer is thus integrated adjacent to the thermoplastic intermediate layer or within the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the diffusely reflecting layer preferably comprises microparticles, particularly preferably silicon dioxide microparticles, polymeric microparticles and/or liquid crystal microparticles. These have proven to be particularly advantageous in order to achieve high light scattering in the transmission direction.
  • microparticles with a reflective surface for example microparticles made of silicon dioxide with a silver coating, have proven to be particularly suitable.
  • the diffusely reflecting layer is preferably integrated in the layer stack of the thermoplastic intermediate layer in the form of a display film, the diffusely reflecting layer being applied to one of the surfaces of the display film.
  • the laminated pane comprises the first pane, a first thermoplastic composite film, the display film with a diffusely reflecting layer, a second thermoplastic composite film and a second pane laminated in this order as a layer stack.
  • the first thermoplastic composite film and the second thermoplastic composite film enclose the display film that is embedded between them.
  • the display foil preferably comprises a diffusely reflecting layer or surface that diffusely reflects incident light. Diffuse reflection is conceptually to be understood as non-directional reflection.
  • On the diffusely reflecting layer for example, an image of a projector directed from the side of the laminated pane facing away from the viewer onto the first pane is displayed, with the display film showing a real image in the plane of the laminated pane.
  • a real image differs from a virtual image, the virtual image being in a different plane than the projection plane and the real image being shown in the projection plane.
  • the display film includes a diffusely reflective internal surface with a diffusely reflective coating.
  • the diffuse reflective coating preferably comprises microparticles such as silicon dioxide particles, polymeric particles or liquid crystals.
  • metal or metal oxide particles can also be used.
  • the microparticles mentioned have a spherical shape and/or are transparent or translucent.
  • Display foils with a diffusely reflecting coating comprising titanium oxide particles (TiO x particles), silver particles or silicon dioxide particles have proven to be advantageous for realizing the invention.
  • display foils with organic, diffusely reflecting coatings containing cholesteric liquid crystals are suitable.
  • the display film includes cholesteric liquid crystals that are oriented in a matrix.
  • a possible example of a display film is described in WO 2017/204103 A1, the film comprising randomly dispersed cholesteric liquid crystal droplets covered by a refractive index-matched layer.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal droplets essentially have the shape of a hemisphere, the radius of which depends on the contact angle between the film and the droplet.
  • a wavelength selectivity of the display film is also possible, as described for example in WO 2016/175183 A1.
  • the image projected onto the laminated pane by means of the projection arrangement according to the invention is visible to the viewer in the transmission direction, with the viewer and projector being located on opposite surfaces of the laminated pane.
  • display foils with a diffusely reflecting coating which comprise spherical particles with a silicon dioxide core encased by a silver layer, are particularly suitable for such transmission-based projection arrangements.
  • Such particularly suitable coatings were, for example, by Hsu et. al. Described (Hsu, C.W. et al. Transparent displays enabled by resonant nanoparticle scattering. Nat. Commun. 5:3152 doi:10.1038/ncomms4152 (2014)).
  • a wide variety of display films are in principle commercially available, with polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), triacetyl cellulose (TAG) and/or polycarbonate (PC) being used as common carrier materials. Due to the low adhesion of these materials to glass panes, the display film is preferably integrated into the thermoplastic intermediate layer, with the display film being connected to the first pane or the second pane via a first thermoplastic composite film and a second thermoplastic composite film.
  • PE polyethylene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • TAG triacetyl cellulose
  • PC polycarbonate
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably comprises a first thermoplastic composite film and a second thermoplastic composite film between which the display film is arranged at least in sections, preferably over a large area.
  • the display film can be left open, so that there thermoplastic composite films lie directly on top of each other.
  • the first and second thermoplastic composite sheets typically have the same dimensions as the first and second panes.
  • the display film is connected to the first pane via a region of the first thermoplastic composite film and to the second pane via a region of the second thermoplastic composite film.
  • the first and the second thermoplastic composite film are arranged flat on top of each other and laminated to one another in the layer stack, with the display film being inserted between the two layers.
  • the areas of the thermoplastic composite films that overlap with the display film then form the areas that connect the display film to the panes. In other areas of the pane where the thermoplastic composite films are in direct contact with each other, they can fuse during lamination.
  • the laminated pane according to the invention can contain a first thermoplastic laminated film and a second thermoplastic laminated film or also a plurality of first and/or second thermoplastic laminated films. Accordingly, instead of a first and/or second thermoplastic composite film, there can also be a two-layer, three-layer or multi-layer film stack made of thermoplastic composite films and/or other functional films, with the individual films having the same or different properties.
  • the first thermoplastic composite film and the second thermoplastic composite film preferably each comprise exactly one film layer. This avoids additional film interfaces where ventilation must be ensured.
  • a thermoplastic composite film can also be formed from sections of different thermoplastic films whose side edges adjoin one another.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably contains polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU) and/or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral.
  • the first and the second thermoplastic composite film comprise polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane and/or ethylene vinyl acetate, particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral.
  • the first thermoplastic composite film and/or the second thermoplastic composite film contain tinted polyvinyl butyral. This is advantageous in order to improve the contrast of the image projected onto the laminated pane.
  • the composite pane can include other design elements, for example other tinted foils and/or colored masking prints on the pane surfaces and/or the foil surfaces.
  • the laminated pane contains at least one lighting element, preferably several lighting elements, which are arranged in the edge area of the laminated pane along the peripheral edge of the laminated pane.
  • a tinted thermoplastic intermediate layer In such an arrangement, the lighting is deactivated when the projection arrangement is active, with the tinting of the thermoplastic interlayer improving the contrast of the display, and the lighting is activated when the projection arrangement is inactive, resulting in a pleasing appearance and better visibility through the laminated pane.
  • the first pane and/or the second pane can also be tinted.
  • the first thermoplastic composite film and the second thermoplastic composite film preferably each have a thickness of 25 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 40 ⁇ m to 800 ⁇ m.
  • An image projected onto the display film using a projector must pass through all the film layers of the laminated pane. It has been shown that the image quality decreases with increasing slice thickness. In this respect, composite films with a small thickness are preferred. Symmetrical or asymmetrical layer structures can be used here.
  • thermoplastic composite film with a thickness of at least 100 ⁇ m, preferably 200 ⁇ m to 800 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 300 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, for example 380 ⁇ m, is preferably used as the first thermoplastic composite film that connects the viewer-side surface of the first pane to the display film .
  • the second thermoplastic composite film, which connects the projector-side surface of the second pane to the display film, is preferably designed with a thickness within the same ranges.
  • the first thermoplastic composite film and the second thermoplastic composite film are particularly preferably of the same thickness, for example 380 ⁇ m each.
  • the first and second panes are preferably made of glass, particularly preferably of soda-lime glass, as is customary for window panes.
  • the panes can also be made of other types of glass, for example quartz glass, borosilicate glass or aluminosilicate glass.
  • the first pane and/or the second pane are made of rigid clear plastics, for example polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate. Combinations of a glass pane and a plastic pane are also possible.
  • composite panes comprising at least one plastic pane are advantageous in order to reduce the risk of injury in traffic accidents.
  • at least the second pane directly facing the viewer is made of plastic, preferably polycarbonate.
  • the panes can be clear, tinted or tinted.
  • the first pane, the second pane and/or the intermediate layer can have further suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflection coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or sun protection coatings or low-E coatings).
  • the corners of the laminated pane are preferably rounded. This minimizes the risk of injury to vehicle occupants in the event of a traffic accident.
  • the composite pane can
  • the thickness of the first and the second pane can vary widely and can thus be adapted to the requirements in the individual case.
  • the first and second panes preferably have thicknesses of 0.2 mm to 4.0 mm each, particularly preferably 0.5 mm to 3.0 mm each, in particular 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm.
  • the laminated pane is preferably curved in one or more spatial directions, with typical radii of curvature being in the range from about 10 cm to about 40 m. However, the laminated pane can also be flat.
  • the first disk and the second disk may be unbiased, partially biased, or biased independently of one another. If at least one of the panes is to have a prestress, this can be a thermal or chemical prestress.
  • the laminated pane can be manufactured by methods known per se.
  • the first pane and the second pane are laminated together via the intermediate layer, for example by autoclave processes, vacuum bag processes, vacuum ring processes, calendering processes, vacuum laminators, or combinations thereof.
  • the connection of first pane and second pane usually takes place under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure.
  • the invention also includes a vehicle comprising a projection arrangement according to the invention, the housing being integrated within the dashboard, the front center console or the rear center console in the vehicle.
  • the invention is explained in more detail with reference to a drawing and exemplary embodiments.
  • the drawing is a schematic representation and not to scale. The drawing does not limit the invention in any way. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a projection arrangement according to the invention with the composite pane in cross section
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the projection arrangement according to the invention with the composite pane in cross section
  • FIG. 3a shows a plan view of an embodiment of the composite pane of the projection arrangement according to the invention
  • FIG. 3b shows a cross section through the laminated pane from FIG. 3a along the section line AA'
  • FIG. 4 shows a three-dimensional representation of a projection arrangement according to the invention in cross section
  • FIG. 5a shows an external view of a projection arrangement according to the invention in the idle state
  • FIG. 5b shows an external view of the projection arrangement according to FIG. 5a in the activated state
  • FIG. 6 an illustration to explain the term “luminance” in the context of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a projection arrangement 100 according to the invention comprising a composite pane 10, a projector 20 which is arranged in a housing 30 and is directed through a light outlet opening 31 of the housing 30 onto a region of the composite pane 10.
  • Projected images P can be generated in this area by means of the projector 20, which are perceived by an observer B (vehicle driver or vehicle occupant) as real images on the side of the laminated pane 10 facing him.
  • the laminated pane 10 is in cross-section along a cut line AA' shown in Figure 3a.
  • the composite pane 10 is made up of a first pane 1 and a second pane 2 which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 .
  • the first pane 1 has a projector-side surface I facing the projector 20 and a viewer-side surface II facing the viewer B on.
  • the second pane 2 has a surface III on the projector side, which faces the projector 20, and a surface IV on the viewer side, which faces the viewer B, with the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 covering the surface II of the first pane 1 on the viewer side and the projector-side surface III of the second pane 2 connects to each other.
  • a diffusely reflecting layer 5 is arranged between the viewer-side surface II of the first pane 1 and the projector-side surface III of the second pane 2 .
  • the light emitted by the projector 20 passes through the light outlet opening 31 of the housing 30 along the light path 40 to the compound pane 10 and is scattered there on the diffusely reflecting layer 5 .
  • the diffusely reflected light exiting at the viewer-side surface IV is perceived as a projected image P by the viewer.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the projection arrangement 100 according to the invention with the laminated pane 10 in cross section.
  • the embodiment essentially corresponds to that described in FIG.
  • the projector 20 is aimed at a mirror 32 which reflects the light from the projector and directs it to a further mirror 32 which also reflects the light and directs it through the light outlet opening 31 onto the laminated pane 10 .
  • the light path 40 is divided into a first section 41 between the projector 20 and a mirror 32, a second section 42 between a further mirror 32 and the composite pane 10 and the third section 43 of the light path 40 lying between the two mirrors 32.
  • the structure of the Light path 40 in several sections through the use of mirrors 32 allows easy adjustability of the projection assembly 20 in the installation situation. Furthermore, the installation position of the projector 20 is variable over a wide range.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b show an embodiment of the composite pane 10 of the projection arrangement 100 according to the invention, with FIG. 3a showing a top view and FIG. 3b a cross section through the composite pane 10 of FIG. 3a along the section line AA′ shows.
  • the second pane 2 comprises clear soda-lime glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and is laminated to a first pane 1 with a thickness of 2.1 mm comprising clear soda-lime glass via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 to form a composite pane .
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 comprises a first thermoplastic composite film 3.1 and a second thermoplastic composite film 3.2 between which a display film 6 is inserted.
  • the display film 6 is designed as a scattering film based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a thickness of 100 ⁇ m and contains a diffusely reflecting layer 5.
  • the first thermoplastic composite film 3.1 consists of clear polyvinyl butyral, while the second thermoplastic composite film 3.2 consists of tinted polyvinyl butyral with a light transmission TL of about 28%.
  • the first thermoplastic composite film 3.1 with a thickness of 380 ⁇ m is attached in the immediate vicinity of the first pane 1, while the second thermoplastic composite film 3.2 with a thickness of 380 ⁇ m is in contact with the second pane 2.
  • the peripheral edge of the display film 6 is set back in relation to the common peripheral edge of the thermoplastic composite films 3.1, 3.2 and the panes 1, 2.
  • the resulting gap is filled with the material of the thermoplastic composite film 4 in the lamination process.
  • FIG. 4 shows a three-dimensional representation of a projection arrangement 100 according to the invention in cross section.
  • the structure of the laminated pane 10 corresponds to that described in FIGS. 3a and 3b.
  • the projection arrangement 100 of FIG. 4 essentially corresponds to the embodiment according to FIG.
  • the projector 20 is aimed at the mirror 32 which directs the light from the projector 20 and through the light outlet opening 31 onto the laminated pane 10 .
  • the light path 40 is divided into a first section 41 between the projector 20 and a mirror 32 and a second section 42 between the mirror 32 and the composite pane 10.
  • the composite pane 10 is attached by means of brackets 34 to the outer surface of the housing 30 facing the viewer B fastened.
  • the projection arrangement 100 is integrated into the center console of a motor vehicle, with the outer surface of the housing 30 which is visible to the viewer B being formed by a section of the center console.
  • a screen 33 extends from the light outlet opening 31 in the direction of the mirror 32. The screen 33 conceals the light outlet opening 31, so that the viewer B looks through the laminated pane 10 at the screen 33 when the projection arrangement 100 is in the idle state.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b show an external view of a projection arrangement 100 according to the invention in the idle state (FIG. 5a) and in the activated state (FIG. 5b), the structure essentially corresponding to that described in FIG. In the activated state according to FIG.
  • a projected image (P) is generated on the laminated pane 10 by means of the projector 20 (not shown).
  • the projector 20 is deactivated, so that no image is projected onto the laminated pane 10.
  • the outside of the center console is provided with a design element 35 in sections, which also extends to the surface of the panel 33 facing the viewer.
  • the design element 35 can consist, for example, of a contour or surface structure that differs in color from the surroundings.
  • this design element 35 is visible through the laminated pane 10. The projection arrangement 100 therefore does not disturb the overall impression of the center console with the design element 35 in the idle state, or only slightly so.
  • FIG. 6 shows diagrams for explaining the “luminance” parameter (referred to as gain) in relation to a screen, for example the composite pane 10 of FIGS. 1 to 5 used as a display, with reference to the explanations above.
  • the luminance measurements were carried out with a luminance meter and a video projector. Luminance is measured at different viewing angles for a given angle of incidence of the projected light. The projection angle was set as close to 0° as possible (corresponding to the normal to the screen). If the projection angle is kept constant, the luminance depends only on the observation angle 0. The position of the luminance meter is therefore adjusted so that at a viewing angle of 0° in the horizontal plane, the luminance meter is aligned with the specular reflection.
  • the viewing angle is therefore actually equal to 0° since the SLR is taken as a reference for measuring the viewing angle.
  • Luminance measurements were taken every five degrees from 15° to 75° (measured in the horizontal plane) in an unlit environment shielded from any light source other than the video projector. A Spectralon measured under the same conditions was used to standardize the luminance measurements and to determine the luminance from these measurements.
  • the intrinsic viewing angle a can be derived from these measurements as the half-width of the luminance curve and represents the angular width at which the luminance is greater than half the maximum luminance.
  • the luminance is in Figure 2 denoted as gain, the luminance of the spectrum as Lideai and the luminance of the screen as L SC reen.

Abstract

A projection arrangement (100) for a motor vehicle at least comprising a composite pane (10) having a diffusely reflective layer (5), a projector (20) for projecting an image on the composite pane (10), and a housing (30) having a light outlet opening (31), wherein the composite pane (10) having a diffusely reflective layer (5) comprises a first pane (1) having a projector-side surface (I) and an observer-side surface (II) and a second pane (2) having a projector-side surface (III) and an observer-side surface (IV) and the observer-side surface (II) of the first pane (1) is connected to the projector-side surface (III) of the second pane (2) via a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3), the composite pane (10) is arranged at a distance of less than 200 mm from the light outlet opening (31) of the housing (30), and the projector (20) is arranged within the housing (30) in such a way that a light beam generated by the projector (20) passes through the light outlet opening (31) of the housing (30) onto the projector-side surface (I) of the first pane (1), and the image projected by the projector (20) is visible on the observer-side surface (IV) of the second pane (2).

Description

Projektionsanordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug Projection arrangement for a motor vehicle
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Projektionsanordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug sowie ein Kraftfahrzeug umfassend eine solche Projektionsanordnung. The invention relates to a projection arrangement for a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle comprising such a projection arrangement.
Im Fahrzeugbereich werden vermehrt Windschutzscheiben mit darin Funktionselementen eingesetzt. Dazu gehören beispielsweise Displayelemente, die eine Verwendung der Verglasung als Display ermöglichen, wobei eine Transparenz der Verglasung erhalten bleibt. Über derartige Displays kann der Fahrer eines Kraftfahrzeugs relevante Informationen unmittelbar in der Windschutzscheibe des Kraftfahrzeugs angezeigt bekommen ohne den Blick von der Straße nehmen zu müssen. Anwendungen in Bussen, Zügen oder anderen öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln, in denen aktuelle Informationen zum Fahrtverlauf oder Werbung auf die Verglasung projiziert werden, sind ebenfalls bekannt. Windshields containing functional elements are increasingly being used in vehicles. These include, for example, display elements that allow the glazing to be used as a display, with the glazing remaining transparent. Via displays of this type, the driver of a motor vehicle can have relevant information displayed directly on the windshield of the motor vehicle without having to take his or her eyes off the road. Applications in buses, trains or other forms of public transport, in which current information about the journey or advertising is projected onto the glazing, are also known.
Zum Anzeigen von Navigationsinformationen in Windschutzscheiben werden häufig die unter dem Begriff Head-up-Display (HUD) bekannten Projektionsanordnungen aus Projektor und Windschutzscheibe mit keilwinkelförmiger thermoplastischer Zwischenschicht und/oder keilwinkelförmigen Scheiben verwendet. Ein Keilwinkel ist dabei zur Vermeidung von Doppelbildern notwendig. Das projizierte Bild erscheint in Form eines virtuellen Bildes in einem gewissen Abstand zur Windschutzscheibe, so dass der Fahrer des Kraftfahrzeugs beispielsweise die projizierte Navigationsinformation als vor ihm auf der Straße befindlich wahrnimmt. Dies mag für Navigationsanwendungen vorteilhaft sein, ist jedoch für andere Informationen, wie beispielsweise Informationen über einen eingehenden Telefonanruf oder Warnhinweise, eher irritierend. The projection arrangements known under the term head-up display (HUD) consisting of a projector and a windshield with a wedge-shaped thermoplastic intermediate layer and/or wedge-shaped panes are often used to display navigation information in windshields. A wedge angle is necessary to avoid double images. The projected image appears in the form of a virtual image at a certain distance from the windshield, so that the driver of the motor vehicle perceives the projected navigation information as being on the road in front of him, for example. This may be beneficial for navigation applications, but is rather irritating for other information, such as information about an incoming phone call or warnings.
Ein weiteres bekanntes Konzept zur Darstellung von Informationen auf einer Scheibe ist die Integration von Displayfolien, die auf einer diffusen Reflektion basieren. Diese erzeugen ein reales Bild, das für den Betrachter in der Ebene der Verglasung erscheint. Verglasungen mit transparenten Displayfolien sind beispielsweise aus EP 2 670 594 A1 und EP 2 856 256 A1 bekannt. Die diffuse Reflektion des Displayelementes wird dabei mittels einer rauen internen Oberfläche und einer darauf befindlichen Beschichtung erzeugt. In EP 3 151 062 A1 wird eine Projektionsanordnung zur Integration in einer Automobilverglasung beschrieben. Displayfolien sind in Form von Projektionsfolien erhältlich, die die diffus reflektierende Schicht auf zumindest einer Trägerfolie enthalten. Solche Displayfolien sind über thermoplastische Verbundfolien in Verglasungen integrierbar. Another well-known concept for displaying information on a pane is the integration of display films based on diffuse reflection. These create a real image that appears to the viewer in the plane of the glazing. Glazings with transparent display films are known, for example, from EP 2 670 594 A1 and EP 2 856 256 A1. The diffuse reflection of the display element is generated by means of a rough internal surface and a coating on it. EP 3 151 062 A1 describes a projection arrangement for integration in automobile glazing. Display films are available in the form of projection films that contain the diffusely reflecting layer on at least one carrier film. Such display foils can be integrated into glazing via thermoplastic composite foils.
Die Windschutzscheibe eines Kraftfahrzeugs kann somit gleichzeitig als Projektionsfläche für ein virtuelles HUD-Bild und ein auf diffuser Reflektion basierendes reales Bild genutzt werden. Das auf diffuser Reflektion basierende reale Bild ist dabei transparent, so dass eine ausreichende Sicht des Fahrers durch die Scheibe gewährleistet ist. Dennoch kann eine Vielzahl großflächiger Projektionen auf der Windschutzscheibe für den Fahrer irritierend wirken. The windshield of a motor vehicle can thus be used simultaneously as a projection surface for a virtual HUD image and a real image based on diffuse reflection. The real image, which is based on diffuse reflection, is transparent so that the driver can see through the pane adequately. Nevertheless, a large number of large-scale projections on the windshield can be irritating for the driver.
WO 2021 139995 A1 betrifft ein Verglasungs- und Anzeigesystem für Fahrzeuge umfassend eine Fahrzeugverbundscheibe, die eine zwischen einem aktiven ersten Zustand und einem zweiten Zustand schaltbare Schicht umfasst. Die Schicht reflektiert im ersten Zustand einfallendes Licht, das von einer ersten Seite des Fahrzeugverbundes auf die Verbundscheibe trifft, diffus, so dass auf einer zweiten Seite der Verbundscheibe ein projiziertes Bild sichtbar ist. Die Verbundscheibe ist ein Seitenfenster, eine Seitenscheibe oder eine Trennscheibe eines Fahrzeugs. WO 2021 139995 A1 relates to a glazing and display system for vehicles comprising a composite vehicle pane which comprises a layer which can be switched between an active first state and a second state. In the first state, the layer reflects incident light, which strikes the composite pane from a first side of the vehicle assembly, diffusely, so that a projected image is visible on a second side of the composite pane. The laminated pane is a side window, a side window or a partition of a vehicle.
Alternativ zu einer Projektion auf die Windschutzscheibe können großflächige Anzeigetafeln, beispielsweise TFT-Displays, im Fahrzeuginnenraum angebracht sein, auf denen die gewünschten Informationen visualisiert werden ohne die Durchsicht durch die Windschutzscheibe zu beeinträchtigen. Die Anzeigetafeln selbst sind jedoch, vor allem im ausgeschalteten Zustand, optisch unattraktiv und farblich dominant, in der Regel schwarz. As an alternative to projection onto the windshield, large-area display panels, such as TFT displays, can be installed in the vehicle interior, on which the desired information can be visualized without impairing the view through the windshield. However, the display panels themselves, especially when switched off, are visually unattractive and dominant in color, usually black.
In WO 2021 107061 A1 und WO 2021 107062 A1 werden Bildanzeigesysteme in Kraftfahrzeugen offenbart, wobei die Bildanzeigesysteme ein Displayglas umfassen, das im Armaturenbrett des Kraftfahrzeugs eingesetzt ist. WO 2021 107061 A1 and WO 2021 107062 A1 disclose image display systems in motor vehicles, the image display systems comprising a display glass which is used in the dashboard of the motor vehicle.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Projektionsanordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug bereitzustellen, die im nicht aktiven Zustand optisch attraktiv wirkt und im aktiven Zustand die Sicht des Fahrers nicht beeinträchtigt. Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung wird durch eine Projektionsanordnung gemäß dem unabhängigen Anspruch 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungen gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor. The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a projection arrangement for a motor vehicle which is visually attractive in the inactive state and does not impair the driver's view in the active state. The object of the present invention is solved by a projection arrangement according to independent claim 1 . Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Projektionsanordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug umfasst mindestens eine Verbundscheibe, einen Projektor zur Projektion eines Bildes auf der Verbundscheibe und ein Gehäuse mit Lichtauslassöffnung. Die Verbundscheibe weist eine erste Scheibe mit einer projektorseitigen Oberfläche (Seite I) und einer betrachterseitigen Oberfläche (Seite II) und eine zweite Scheibe mit einer projektorseitigen Oberfläche (Seite III) und einer betrachterseitigen Oberfläche (Seite IV) auf. Die betrachterseitige Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe ist mit der projektorseitigen Oberfläche (III) der zweiten Scheibe über eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht verbunden. Die projektorseitige Oberfläche der ersten Scheibe und der zweiten Scheibe ist dabei jeweils die dem Projektor nächstliegende Oberfläche der ersten Scheibe und der zweiten Scheibe. Die der projektorseitigen Oberfläche (I) der ersten Scheibe gegenüberliegende Scheibenoberfläche ist die betrachterseitige Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe. Analog dazu ist die der betrachterseitigen Oberfläche (IV) der zweiten Scheibe gegenüberliegende Oberfläche die projektorseitige Oberfläche (III) der zweiten Scheibe. Die betrachterseitige Oberfläche der Scheiben ist dabei die Oberfläche der jeweiligen Scheibe, die dem Betrachter, für den die Projektion vorgesehen ist, am nächsten liegt. Der Projektor befindet sich somit an der projektorseitigen Oberfläche (I) der ersten Scheibe, während der Betrachter der Projektion an der dieser gegenüberliegenden betrachterseitigen Oberfläche (IV) der zweiten Scheibe vorgesehen ist. Die diffus reflektierende Schicht der Verbundscheibe ist zwischen der betrachterseitigen Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe und der projektorseitigen Oberfläche (III) der zweiten Scheibe angeordnet und reflektiert auf die Schicht auftreffendes Licht diffus. Der Projektor ist so innerhalb des Gehäuses angeordnet ist, dass ein vom Projektor erzeugter Lichtstrahl durch die Lichtauslassöffnung des Gehäuses auf die projektorseitige Oberfläche (I) der ersten Scheibe trifft. Das Licht des Projektors fällt somit zunächst auf die projektorseitige Oberfläche (I) der ersten Scheibe, im weiteren Verlauf auf die diffus reflektierende Schicht und wird dort gestreut. Dieses diffus reflektierte Streulicht tritt an der betrachterseitigen Oberfläche (IV) der zweiten Scheibe aus und ist von einem an dieser Seite der Scheibe befindlichen Betrachter als Bild in der Ebene der Verbundscheibe sichtbar. Die Projektion erfolgt somit in Transmission. Die Verbundscheibe ist dabei in einem Abstand von weniger als 200 mm zur Lichtauslassöffnung des Gehäuses angeordnet. Das Gehäuse umgibt den Projektor und schließt, bedingt durch den geringen Abstand von Lichtauslassöffnung und Verbundscheibe, auch einen Großteil des Lichtpfades ein. Dadurch werden der Projektor und der Lichtpfad optisch kaschiert und vor dem Betrachter verborgen und sind andererseits vor Störung durch in den Lichtpfad eintretende Objekte geschützt. Das Bild der Projektionsanordnung wird auf der dafür vorgesehenen Verbundscheibe der Projektionsanordnung erzeugt, so dass die Windschutzscheibe eines Fahrzeugs mit erfindungsgemäßer Projektionsanordnung nicht durch die Projektion beeinträchtigt wird. Dadurch reduziert sich die Fülle der Darstellungen auf der Windschutzscheibe, wodurch sich deren Übersichtlichkeit verbessert. Gleichzeitig werden Monitore, die im inaktiven Zustand als große schwarze Flächen erscheinen, vermieden. Die Verbundscheibe der erfindungsgemäßen Projektionsanordnung wirkt im Gegensatz zu derartigen Monitoren optisch ansprechender. Auch kann die Verbundscheibe zumindest teilweise transparent ausgestaltet werden, so dass die vom Betrachter aus hinter der Verbundscheibe liegenden Flächen für den Betrachter durch die Verbundscheibe hindurch sichtbar sind. So werden die in Fahrzeugen häufig verwendeten Dekoroberflächen optisch nicht durch großflächige schwarze Anzeigetafeln gestört, sondern sind im inaktiven Zustand der Projektionsanordnung durch die Verbundscheibe hindurch sichtbar. Dadurch wird das optische Erscheinungsbild des Kraftfahrzeuginnenraums wesentlich verbessert. The projection arrangement according to the invention for a motor vehicle comprises at least one composite pane, a projector for projecting an image on the composite pane and a housing with a light outlet opening. The composite pane includes a first pane having a projector-side surface (Side I) and a viewer-side surface (Side II) and a second pane having a projector-side surface (Side III) and a viewer-side surface (Side IV). The viewer-side surface (II) of the first pane is connected to the projector-side surface (III) of the second pane via a thermoplastic intermediate layer. The projector-side surface of the first pane and the second pane is in each case the surface of the first pane and the second pane that is closest to the projector. The pane surface opposite the projector-side surface (I) of the first pane is the viewer-side surface (II) of the first pane. Similarly, the surface opposite the viewer-side surface (IV) of the second pane is the projector-side surface (III) of the second pane. The viewer-side surface of the panes is the surface of the respective pane that is closest to the viewer for whom the projection is intended. The projector is thus located on the projector-side surface (I) of the first pane, while the viewer of the projection is provided on the opposite, viewer-side surface (IV) of the second pane. The diffusely reflecting layer of the composite pane is arranged between the viewer-side surface (II) of the first pane and the projector-side surface (III) of the second pane and diffusely reflects light impinging on the layer. The projector is arranged inside the housing in such a way that a light beam generated by the projector hits the projector-side surface (I) of the first pane through the light outlet opening of the housing. The light from the projector thus first falls on the projector-side surface (I) of the first pane, then on the diffusely reflecting layer and is scattered there. This diffusely reflected scattered light emerges from the observer-side surface (IV) of the second pane and is visible to an observer on this side of the pane as an image in the plane of the composite pane. The projection thus takes place in transmission. The composite pane is arranged at a distance of less than 200 mm from the light outlet opening of the housing. The housing surrounds the projector and, due to the small distance between the light outlet opening and the laminated pane, also closes a large part of the light path. This optically cloaks the projector and light path and hides it from the viewer while protecting it from interference from objects entering the light path. The image of the projection arrangement is generated on the composite pane of the projection arrangement provided for this purpose, so that the windshield of a vehicle with a projection arrangement according to the invention is not impaired by the projection. This reduces the abundance of representations on the windshield, which improves their clarity. At the same time, monitors that appear as large black areas when inactive are avoided. In contrast to such monitors, the laminated pane of the projection arrangement according to the invention is visually more appealing. The laminated pane can also be made at least partially transparent, so that the areas lying behind the laminated pane are visible to the observer through the laminated pane. The decorative surfaces frequently used in vehicles are not optically disturbed by large black display panels, but are visible through the laminated pane when the projection arrangement is inactive. As a result, the visual appearance of the motor vehicle interior is significantly improved.
Die Verbundscheibe ist nicht als Durchsichtverglasung vorgesehen, die den Fahrzeuginnenraum von der Fahrzeugumgebung trennt, sondern als zusätzliche Verbundscheibe, die im Einbauzustand der Projektionsanordnung in einem Kraftfahrzeug innerhalb des Fahrzeuginnenraums liegt. Die Verbundscheibe kann dabei transparent oder auch getönt ausgestaltet werden, wobei Tönung und Erscheinungsbild nach Kundenwünschen zu gestalten sind. Auf die gesetzlichen Vorgaben hinsichtlich der Lichtdurchlässigkeit von Windschutzscheiben muss in diesem Zuge keine Rücksicht genommen werden. The composite pane is not intended as transparent glazing that separates the vehicle interior from the vehicle environment, but as an additional composite pane that lies within the vehicle interior when the projection arrangement is installed in a motor vehicle. The laminated pane can be made transparent or tinted, with the tint and appearance being designed according to customer requirements. In this context, the legal requirements regarding the light transmission of windscreens do not have to be taken into account.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die dem Lichtpfad zugewandten Oberflächen des Gehäuses so ausgestaltet, dass diese nur eine geringe Lichtreflektion aufweisen. Beispielsweise sind diese Oberflächen matt und schwarz ausgestaltet. Dabei eignen sich besonders polymere Werkstoffe zur Herstellung des Gehäuses und/oder zur Beschichtung der betreffenden Oberflächen. In a preferred embodiment, the surfaces of the housing facing the light path are designed in such a way that they have only a low level of light reflection. For example, these surfaces are matt and black. Polymeric materials are particularly suitable for manufacturing the housing and/or for coating the relevant surfaces.
Bevorzugt ist die Verbundscheibe in einem Abstand von weniger als 100 mm, bevorzugt 10 mm bis 80 mm, besonders bevorzugt 20 mm bis 60 mm, zur Lichtauslassöffnung des Gehäuses angeordnet. Auf diese Weise ist der Lichtpfad zwischen Projektor und Lichtauslassöffnung fast vollständig innerhalb des Gehäuses angeordnet und so optisch kaschiert und vor in den Lichtpfad eintretenden Objekten geschützt. Ferner ist die Verbundscheibe optisch ansprechend und platzsparend integriert. Auch im Sinne der Unfallsicherheit ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Verbundscheibe nur um einen geringen Betrag hervorsteht und so das Verletzungsrisiko minimiert wird. Darüber hinaus werden durch einen möglichst geringen Abstand von Verbundscheibe und der Gehäuseoberfläche mit Lichtauslassöffnung unerwünschte Reflektionen des Projektorlichtes oder des Sonnenlichtes vermieden. The composite pane is preferably arranged at a distance of less than 100 mm, preferably 10 mm to 80 mm, particularly preferably 20 mm to 60 mm, from the light outlet opening of the housing. In this way, the light path between projector and Light outlet opening located almost entirely within the housing, optically concealed and protected from objects entering the light path. Furthermore, the laminated pane is integrated in a visually appealing and space-saving manner. It is also advantageous in terms of accident safety if the laminated pane protrudes only a small amount, thus minimizing the risk of injury. In addition, unwanted reflections of the projector light or sunlight are avoided by keeping the distance between the compound pane and the housing surface with the light outlet opening as small as possible.
Das Gehäuse der erfindungsgemäßen Projektionsanordnung kaschiert den Projektor sowie einen Großteil des Lichtpfades und steht auch zur Aufnahme weiterer optionaler Komponenten, wie einer Optik zur Lenkung des vom Projektor erzeugten Lichtstrahles zur Verfügung. Das Gehäuse kann aus einen oder mehreren Teilen bestehen, die gemeinsam den Projektor und den Lichtpfad zumindest teilweise umgeben. Im Einbauzustand der Projektionsanordnung verbindet die Lichtauslassöffnung das Innere des Gehäuses, in dem sich der Projektor befindet, mit dem Fahrzeuginnenraum. The housing of the projection arrangement according to the invention conceals the projector and a large part of the light path and is also available for accommodating further optional components, such as optics for directing the light beam generated by the projector. The housing may consist of one or more parts that together at least partially surround the projector and the light path. When the projection arrangement is installed, the light outlet opening connects the interior of the housing, in which the projector is located, to the vehicle interior.
Das Gehäuse kann sich auch erst in der Einbausituation der Projektionsanordnung in einem Kraftfahrzeug ergeben. Dabei bilden die dem Projektor und dem Lichtpfad jeweils nächstliegenden Flächen der Fahrzeugstruktur gemeinsam das Gehäuse. Innerhalb des Gehäuses können im Sinne eines platzsparenden und gewichtssparenden Fahrzeugbaus auch weitere von der Projektionsanordnung unabhängige Komponenten integriert sein. Wird der Projektor beispielsweise im für den Fahrer nicht sichtbaren Bereich hinter dem Armaturenbrett des Fahrzeugs integriert, so ergibt sich das den Projektor umgebende Gehäuse aus dem Armaturenbrett und dem Raum unterhalb des Armaturenbretts. Das Armaturenbrett bildet dabei die für den Fahrer oder andere Betrachter im Fahrzeuginnenraum sichtbare Gehäuseoberfläche. Unterhalb des Armaturenbretts, also auf der dem Betrachter abgewandten und für diesen nicht sichtbaren Seite des Armaturenbrettes, ist der Projektor integriert, wobei die Begrenzungen dieses Raumes unterhalb des Armaturenbrettes sowie das Armaturenbrett gemeinsam das Gehäuse ausbilden und die Verbundscheibe an der dem Betrachter zugewandten Oberfläche des Armaturenbrettes befestigt ist. Die Lichtauslassöffnung ist in diesem Fall im Armaturenbrett angebracht und verbindet den Raum unterhalb des Armaturenbrettes mit dem Fahrzeuginnenraum. Ebenso kann die erfindungsgemäße Projektionsanordnung in der vorderen oder hinteren Mittelkonsole des Fahrzeugs integriert werden. Dabei wird das Gehäuse der Projektionsanordnung beispielsweise durch die Begrenzungen der Mittelkonsole gebildet und die Lichtauslassöffnung befindet sich als Öffnung, die den Innenraum der Mittelkonsole mit dem Fahrzeuginnenraum verbindet, an einer Oberfläche der Mittelkonsole. The housing can also only arise in the installation situation of the projection arrangement in a motor vehicle. The surfaces of the vehicle structure closest to the projector and the light path together form the housing. Further components independent of the projection arrangement can also be integrated within the housing in the sense of a space-saving and weight-saving vehicle construction. For example, if the projector is integrated in the area behind the dashboard of the vehicle that is not visible to the driver, the housing surrounding the projector consists of the dashboard and the space below the dashboard. The dashboard forms the housing surface that is visible to the driver or other viewers in the vehicle interior. The projector is integrated below the dashboard, i.e. on the side of the dashboard facing away from the viewer and not visible to the viewer, with the boundaries of this space below the dashboard and the dashboard together forming the housing and the composite pane on the surface of the dashboard facing the viewer is attached. In this case, the light outlet opening is located in the dashboard and connects the space below the dashboard with the vehicle interior. Likewise, the projection arrangement according to the invention can be integrated in the front or rear center console of the vehicle. In this case, the housing of the projection arrangement formed by the borders of the center console, for example, and the light outlet opening is located on a surface of the center console as an opening that connects the interior of the center console with the vehicle interior.
Die Verbundscheibe der Projektionsanordnung weist bevorzugt eine Größe von 5 cm2 bis 50 cm2, besonders bevorzugt 15 cm2 bis 40 cm2, insbesondere 25 cm2 bis 35 cm2 auf. Eine Verbundscheibe dieser Größenordnung bietet hinreichend Platz zur Projektion eines Bildes und kann platzsparend integriert werden. The composite pane of the projection arrangement preferably has a size of 5 cm 2 to 50 cm 2 , particularly preferably 15 cm 2 to 40 cm 2 , in particular 25 cm 2 to 35 cm 2 . A laminated pane of this magnitude offers sufficient space for projecting an image and can be integrated to save space.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das Gehäuse eine optische Anordnung, mittels derer der Lichtstrahl des Projektors umgelenkt und/oder fokussiert und durch die Lichtauslassöffnung auf die Verbundscheibe geworfen wird. Bevorzugt umfasst das Gehäuse mindestens einen Spiegel mittels dem der vom Projektor erzeugte Lichtstrahl so entlang eines Lichtpfades gelenkt werden kann, dass er durch die Lichtauslassöffnung auf die Verbundscheibe trifft. Als Lichtpfad wird dabei die vom Lichtstrahl durchlaufene Wegstrecke zwischen Projektor und Verbundscheibe bezeichnet. Eine optische Anordnung ist vorteilhaft um eine größere Flexibilität bei der Positionierung des Projektors zu ermöglichen. Die Verwendung von einem oder mehreren Spiegeln als optische Anordnung ist dabei bevorzugt. In a preferred embodiment, the housing includes an optical arrangement, by means of which the light beam of the projector is deflected and/or focused and projected onto the laminated pane through the light outlet opening. The housing preferably comprises at least one mirror by means of which the light beam generated by the projector can be directed along a light path in such a way that it strikes the laminated pane through the light outlet opening. The path covered by the light beam between the projector and the laminated pane is referred to as the light path. An optical arrangement is advantageous to allow greater flexibility in positioning the projector. The use of one or more mirrors as the optical arrangement is preferred.
Der Lichtpfad kann vollständig linear verlaufen, sofern keine optischen Anordnungen, wie Spiegel, verwendet werden, oder sich bevorzugt aus mehreren linearen Abschnitten zusammensetzen. Unmittelbar benachbarte linearen Abschnitte sind dabei über einen Spiegel verbunden, der den Lichtstrahl umlenkt. Der Lichtpfad umfasst bevorzugt zumindest einen ersten Abschnitt zwischen dem Projektor und einem Spiegel und einen zweiten Abschnitt zwischen einem Spiegel und der Verbundscheibe. Sofern die Projektionsanordnung genau einen Spiegel enthält, so liegt der erste Abschnitt des Lichtpfades zwischen dem Projektor und diesem Spiegel und der zweite Abschnitt des Lichtpfades zwischen dem Spiegel und der Verbundscheibe. Umfasst die Projektionsanordnung zwei oder mehr Spiegel, so liegt mindestens ein dritter Abschnitt des Lichtpfades zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt und dem zweiten Abschnitt. Die Anzahl der verwendeten Spiegel ist von der Einbauposition des Projektors abhängig, wobei eine höhere Anzahl von Spiegeln eine räumlich flexiblere Einbauposition ermöglicht. The light path can run completely linearly, provided that no optical arrangements such as mirrors are used, or preferably composed of several linear sections. Immediately adjacent linear sections are connected via a mirror that deflects the light beam. The light path preferably comprises at least a first section between the projector and a mirror and a second section between a mirror and the laminated pane. If the projection arrangement contains exactly one mirror, then the first section of the light path is between the projector and this mirror and the second section of the light path is between the mirror and the laminated pane. If the projection arrangement comprises two or more mirrors, at least a third section of the light path lies between the first section and the second section. The number of mirrors used depends on the installation position of the projector, with a higher number of mirrors allowing for a spatially more flexible installation position.
Bevorzugt ist der zweite Abschnitt des Lichtpfades, also der Abschnitt zwischen einem Spiegel und der Verbundscheibe, im Einbauzustand der Projektionsanordnung in einem Kraftfahrzeug in Richtung der Bodenfläche des Kraftfahrzeugs geneigt. Geneigt bedeutet in diesem Sinne, dass der Lichtpfad von einer Parallelen zur Bodenfläche abweicht, bevorzugt um einen Winkel von mindestens 5°, besonders bevorzugt um einen Winkel von mindestens 10° in Richtung der Bodenfläche abweicht. Dies ist vorteilhaft um ein Blenden des Betrachters durch den durch die Windschutzscheibe gerichtet transmittierten Lichtanteil zu vermeiden. Auch wenn die Verbundscheibe eine diffus reflektierende Schicht aufweist, so findet in der Regel keine vollständige Streuung des auf die Verbundscheibe auftreffenden Lichtes des Projektors statt, sondern ein gewisser Anteil des Lichtes wird unmittelbar transmittiert. Dieser transmittierte Lichtanteil könnte den Betrachter blenden, was durch eine geneigte Strahlführung im zweiten Abschnitt des Lichtpfades vermieden wird. The second section of the light path, ie the section between a mirror and the laminated pane, is preferably inclined in the direction of the floor surface of the motor vehicle when the projection arrangement is installed in a motor vehicle. In this sense, inclined means that the light path deviates from a parallel to the floor surface, preferably by an angle of at least 5°, particularly preferably by an angle of at least 10°, in the direction of the floor surface. This is advantageous in order to prevent the viewer from being dazzled by the portion of light transmitted in a directed manner through the windshield. Even if the laminated pane has a diffusely reflecting layer, there is generally no complete scattering of the light from the projector impinging on the laminated pane, but rather a certain proportion of the light is transmitted directly. This transmitted portion of light could dazzle the viewer, which is avoided by tilting the beam in the second section of the light path.
Bevorzugt wird der Projektor und/oder werden der oder die Spiegel so angeordnet, dass der der zweite Abschnitt des Lichtpfades einen Winkel von bis 15° bis 85°, bevorzugt von 20° bis 60°, zum benachbarten ersten Abschnitt oder, bei mehr als einem Spiegel, zu einem benachbarten dritten Abschnitt einnimmt. Dieser Verlauf des Lichtpfades hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen hinsichtlich einer platzsparenden Anordnung von Projektor und Spiegel oder Spiegeln im Gehäuse. The projector and/or the mirror or mirrors are preferably arranged in such a way that the second section of the light path forms an angle of up to 15° to 85°, preferably from 20° to 60°, to the adjacent first section or, if there are more than one Mirror, to an adjacent third section occupies. This course of the light path has proven to be advantageous with regard to a space-saving arrangement of the projector and mirror or mirrors in the housing.
Die Gesamtlänge des Lichtpfades ergibt sich als Summe der Länge aller Abschnitte des Lichtpfades. Bevorzugt werden die Gesamtlänge des Lichtpfades und der verwendete Projektor so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass die Gesamtlänge des Lichtpfades zwischen dem minimalen Fokussierungsabstand des Projektors und dem maximalen Fokussierungsabstand des Projektors liegt. Bevorzugt verlaufen mindestens 60%, bevorzugt mindestens 80%, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 90% der Gesamtlänge des Lichtpfades innerhalb des Gehäuses. Auf diese Weise ist der Lichtpfad sowohl optisch kaschiert als auch gegen in den Lichtpfad eintretende Objekte geschützt. The total length of the light path is the sum of the lengths of all sections of the light path. The overall length of the light path and the projector used are preferably matched to one another in such a way that the overall length of the light path lies between the minimum focusing distance of the projector and the maximum focusing distance of the projector. Preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably at least 90% of the total length of the light path runs within the housing. In this way, the light path is both optically concealed and protected against objects entering the light path.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die Verbundscheibe einen maximalen Leuchtdichtefaktor zwischen 0,1 und 0,8, bevorzugt zwischen 0,3 und 0,6 und für ein in der Ebene der Verbundscheibe erzeugtes reales Bild einen intrinsischen Betrachtungswinkel a von mehr als 60°, in einer ersten Richtung und von mehr als 30°, in einer zweiten Richtung auf, die senkrecht zur ersten Richtung angeordnet ist. Besonders bevorzugt ist der intrinsische Betrachtungswinkel a größer als 70° in einer ersten Richtung und größer als 20°, vorzugsweise größer als 30° in einer zweiten Richtung, die senkrecht zur ersten Richtung verläuft. Wenn diese intrinsischen Betrachtungswinkel in der praktischen Anwendung unter Standardumgebungsbedingungen verwendet werden, kann ein praktischer Betrachtungswinkel von mehr als 60°, vorzugsweise mehr als 90° und besonders bevorzugt mehr als 120° oder mehr in einer ersten Richtung und mehr als 30°, vorzugsweise mehr als 45° in einer zweiten Richtung, die senkrecht zur ersten Richtung ist, erreicht werden. Der praktische Betrachtungswinkel ist sowohl vom Umgebungslicht als auch vom verwendeten Projektor abhängig. Nichtsdestotrotz ist der praktische Betrachtungswinkel ein häufig verwendetes Merkmal für die Bildschirmspezifikation und kann für die gewählten Umgebungsbedingungen in Bezug auf einen bestimmten Anwendungsfall bestimmt werden. Der praktische Betrachtungswinkel wird auf der Grundlage des Kontrasts des Bildschirms bestimmt. Der Kontrast eines Bildschirms wird üblicherweise als das Leuchtdichteverhältnis zwischen einem weißen und einem schwarzen Bild definiert, wobei ein Mindestverhältnis von 4,5:1 (weißes Bild zu schwarzem Bild) als notwendig für eine gut lesbare Darstellung angesehen wird. Daraus lässt sich der praktische Betrachtungswinkel als der Betrachtungswinkel 0 innerhalb der Position ableiten, in der mindestens der Mindestkontrast von 4,5:1 erreicht wird. In a preferred embodiment, the laminated pane has a maximum luminance factor of between 0.1 and 0.8, preferably between 0.3 and 0.6 and, for a real image generated in the plane of the laminated pane, an intrinsic viewing angle a of more than 60°, in a first direction and greater than 30°, in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The intrinsic viewing angle α is particularly preferably greater than 70° in a first direction and greater than 20°, preferably greater than 30° in a second direction which runs perpendicular to the first direction. When these intrinsic viewing angles are used in practice under standard environmental conditions, a practical viewing angle greater than 60°, preferably greater than 90°, and most preferably more than 120° or more in a first direction and more than 30°, preferably more than 45° in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The practical viewing angle depends on both the ambient light and the projector used. Nonetheless, the practical viewing angle is a commonly used feature for display specification and can be determined for the chosen environmental conditions related to a specific use case. The practical viewing angle is determined based on the contrast of the screen. The contrast of a screen is usually defined as the luminance ratio between a white and a black image, with a minimum ratio of 4.5:1 (white image to black image) considered necessary for a legible display. From this, the practical viewing angle can be derived as the viewing angle 0 within the position in which at least the minimum contrast of 4.5:1 is achieved.
Der intrinsische Betrachtungswinkel a eines Displays wird anhand der Leuchtdichtekurve im Bereich der vollen Breite des halben Maximums (FWHM) des Peaks um den Maximalwert gemessen, unabhängig vom Wert des Betrachtungswinkels 0 in der Peak-Mitte. Die Referenz 0 =0° für die Messung der Leuchtdichtekurve entspricht der Transmissionsrichtung. Somit ist der intrinsische Betrachtungswinkel a eine Eigenschaft des Displays und nicht abhängig von der Umgebungsleuchtdichte und der Projektorspezifikation. Da das Maximum der Leuchtdichtekurve häufig bei 0=0° auftritt, kann der intrinsische Betrachtungswinkel in diesem Fall auch als doppelter Betrachtungswinkel 0 an der Position der Leuchtdichtekurve definiert werden, an der die halbe maximale Breite der Leuchtdichtekurve erreicht wird. The intrinsic viewing angle α of a display is measured from the luminance curve in the area of the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the peak around the maximum value, independent of the value of the viewing angle 0 at the peak center. The reference 0 =0° for the measurement of the luminance curve corresponds to the transmission direction. Thus, the intrinsic viewing angle α is a property of the display and not dependent on the ambient luminance and the projector specification. Since the maximum of the luminance curve often occurs at 0=0°, the intrinsic viewing angle in this case can also be defined as twice the viewing angle 0 at the position of the luminance curve where half the maximum width of the luminance curve is reached.
Zur Messung der Leuchtdichte und zur Bestimmung des geeigneten Betrachtungswinkels eines transparenten Bildschirms muss die Luminanz des Bildschirms in Abhängigkeit vom Betrachtungswinkel mit einem Projektor gemessen werden, der den Bildschirm bei normalem Einfall (0°) beleuchtet. Die Luminanz eines idealen Bildschirms (Lambertsche Referenz, Spectralon genannt) wird unter denselben Bedingungen gemessen. Ein idealer Bildschirm ist definiert als ein Bildschirm, dessen Luminanz nicht vom Projektions- oder Beobachtungswinkel abhängt und dessen Reflexionsvermögen 100% beträgt. Der Lambertsche Referenzschirm ist eine Oberfläche, die perfekt dem Lambertschen Kosinusgesetz gehorcht, das besagt, dass die von einer idealen, diffus reflektierenden Oberfläche reflektierte Lichtstärke direkt proportional zum Kosinus des Winkels zwischen der Richtung des einfallenden Lichts und der Oberflächennormalen ist. Das menschliche Auge kann nur die Luminanz erkennen, die ein Maß für die Lichtstärke pro Flächeneinheit des Lichts ist, das sich in eine bestimmte Richtung bewegt, und die die Lichtmenge beschreibt, die von einer bestimmten Fläche reflektiert wird. Eine lambertianische Oberfläche mit idealer diffuser Reflexion wird daher vom menschlichen Auge unabhängig vom Betrachtungswinkel mit der gleichen Leuchtdichte und Helligkeit wahrgenommen. Experimentell ist ein idealer lambertscher Diffusor durch im Handel erhältliche Referenzmaterialien wie "Spectralon", das aus gesintertem Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) besteht, zugänglich. Um die Leuchtdichte des Bildschirms bei jedem Beobachtungswinkel abzurufen, wird das Verhältnis zwischen der Bildschirmluminanz und der idealen Bildschirmluminanz berechnet. Die Spitzenleuchtdichte des Bildschirms ist der maximal erreichbare Leuchtdichtewert des Bildschirms. Die maximale Leuchtdichte (auch als maximum gain oder peak gain bezeichnet) wird häufig bei 0° gemessen, aber einige speziell entwickelte Bildschirme können ihre maximale Leuchtdichte bei einem anderen Beobachtungswinkel haben. Es ist zu beachten, dass bei einem transparenten Display der Wert bei 0° wegen des Hotspots (spiegelnde Reflexion des Projektorlichtes auf der äußeren flachen Glasoberfläche) möglicherweise nicht messbar ist und daher aus der Leuchtdichte bei einem kleinen Winkel extrapoliert wird. In order to measure the luminance and determine the appropriate viewing angle of a transparent screen, it is necessary to measure the luminance of the screen as a function of the viewing angle using a projector illuminating the screen at normal incidence (0°). The luminance of an ideal screen (Lambertian reference, called Spectralon) is measured under the same conditions. An ideal screen is defined as a screen whose luminance does not depend on projection or viewing angle and whose reflectivity is 100%. The Lambertian reference screen is a surface that perfectly obeys Lambert's cosine law, which states that the amount of light reflected from an ideal, diffusely reflecting surface is directly proportional to the cosine of the angle between the direction of the incident light and the surface normal. The human eye can only detect luminance, which is a measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light traveling in a given direction and describes the amount of light reflected from a given surface. A Lambertian surface with ideal diffuse reflection is therefore perceived by the human eye with the same luminance and brightness regardless of the viewing angle. Experimentally, an ideal Lambertian diffuser is accessible through commercially available reference materials such as "Spectralon" which is made of sintered polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). To get the luminance of the screen at any viewing angle, the ratio between the screen luminance and the ideal screen luminance is calculated. The peak luminance of the screen is the maximum achievable luminance value of the screen. Maximum luminance (also known as maximum gain or peak gain) is often measured at 0°, but some specially designed screens may have their maximum luminance at a different viewing angle. It should be noted that with a transparent display the value at 0° may not be measurable due to the hotspot (specular reflection of the projector light on the outer flat glass surface) and is therefore extrapolated from the luminance at a small angle.
Bevorzugte intrinsische Betrachtungswinkel werden anhand der Leuchtdichte als innerhalb der Halbwertsbreite der Leuchtdichtekurve liegend definiert (siehe Figur 6). Diese Definition ist eine intrinsische Definition. Die Leuchtdichte gibt die Luminanz der Projektionswand im Verhältnis zur Luminanz einer idealen Leinwand an, die ein perfekter Lambertscher Diffusor ist. Preferred intrinsic viewing angles are defined in terms of luminance as being within the FWHM of the luminance curve (see Figure 6). This definition is an intrinsic definition. Luminance indicates the luminance of the projection screen in relation to the luminance of an ideal screen, which is a perfect Lambertian diffuser.
Eine alternative praxisorientiertere Definition des Betrachtungswinkels wäre die Definition eines praktischen Betrachtungswinkels, bei dem der Kontrast kleiner als 4,5:1 ist, aber diese Definition hängt von den Beobachtungs- und Beleuchtungsbedingungen und dem Projektor ab. Daher wird die Definition der Betrachtungswinkel innerhalb der Halbwertsbreite der Leuchtdichtekurve bevorzugt. Die Leuchtdichtekurve kann wie bereits beschrieben bestimmt werden und hat zum Beispiel die Form einer Gaußschen Kurve. An alternative more practical definition of viewing angle would be to define a practical viewing angle where the contrast is less than 4.5:1, but this definition depends on the viewing and lighting conditions and the projector. It is therefore preferred to define the viewing angles within the FWHM of the luminance curve. The luminance curve can be determined as already described and has the shape of a Gaussian curve, for example.
Der Betrachtungswinkel (intrinsisch und praktisch) soll maximiert werden, da große Betrachtungswinkel vorteilhaft sind, um sicherzustellen, dass alle Fahrgäste eines Fahrzeugs den projizierten Inhalt gleichzeitig deutlich sehen können, unabhängig davon, welchen Sitzplatz eine Person einnimmt. Durch die genannten praktischen und intrinsischen Betrachtungswinkel können alle Insassen im Fahrzeug das auf die Verbundscheibe projizierte Bild bei eingeschaltetem Projektor sehen. Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der Erfindung ist das angezeigte Bild ein reales Bild. Ein reales Bild unterscheidet sich von einem virtuellen Bild hinsichtlich der Fokusebene. Bei virtuellen Bildern hat die Fokusebene einen bestimmten Abstand zur Projektionsfläche, z.B. einen Meter oder bis zu mehreren Metern. Im Gegensatz dazu liegt bei realen Bildern die Fokusebene nahe an der Leinwand. Vorzugsweise hat die Fokusebene für ein erfindungsgemäßes Realbild einen maximalen Abstand von 10 cm zur Verbundscheibe. Viewing angles (intrinsic and practical) should be maximized, as wide viewing angles are beneficial in ensuring that all occupants of a vehicle can clearly see the projected content at the same time, regardless of where a person is seated. The stated practical and intrinsic viewing angles allow all occupants in the vehicle to see the image projected onto the composite pane when the projector is on. According to another aspect of the invention, the displayed image is a real image. A real image differs from a virtual image in terms of the focal plane. In the case of virtual images, the focal plane has a certain distance from the projection surface, eg one meter or up to several meters. In contrast, in real images, the plane of focus is close to the screen. The focal plane for a real image according to the invention is preferably at a maximum distance of 10 cm from the laminated pane.
Wenn der Projektor ausgeschaltet ist, ist die Verbundscheibe optisch ähnlich wie eine herkömmliche Verglasung und behält die Transparenz mit einem etwas höheren Trübungswert bei. Eine typische Trübung für eine solche Verglasung liegt zwischen 1 % und 6 %, vorzugsweise zwischen 2,5 % und 4,5 %, gemessen nach der Norm ASTM D 1003. Die Trübung misst den Anteil des durchgelassenen Lichts, der mit einem Winkel größer als 2,5° vom geraden Weg abweicht. Hohe Werte entsprechen einem Kontrastverlust des auf die Verbundscheibe projizierten Bildes. Innerhalb des gegebenen Bereichs niedriger Trübungs- Werte wird eine gute Transparenz der Verbundscheibe erreicht. When the projector is off, the composite panel is optically similar to traditional glazing, maintaining transparency with a slightly higher haze value. A typical haze for such glazing is between 1% and 6%, preferably between 2.5% and 4.5%, measured according to the ASTM D 1003 standard. Haze measures the proportion of transmitted light that is at an angle greater than 2.5° from the straight path. High values correspond to a loss of contrast in the image projected onto the laminated pane. Good transparency of the laminated pane is achieved within the given range of low haze values.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Lichtauslassöffnung der Projektionsanordnung durch mindestens eine Blende kaschiert. Die Blende kann dabei feststehend oder beweglich sein. In einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform verläuft die Blende im Einbauzustand der Projektionsanordnung zwischen dem zweiten Abschnitt des Lichtpfades und der Bodenfläche des Kraftfahrzeugs, bevorzugt in einem Winkel von 0° bis 10° zum zweiten Abschnitt des Lichtpfades. Die Blende tritt dabei nicht in den Lichtpfad ein. In einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Blende beweglich ausgestaltet und verschließt bei ausgeschalteter Projektionsanordnung die Lichtauslassöffnung. Im aktiven Zustand der Projektionsanordnung kann die bewegliche Blende dabei die Position der feststehenden Blende gemäß der ersten Ausführungsform einnehmen. In einer dritten bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die Projektionsanordnung eine feststehende Blende und eine bewegliche Blende auf, wobei die bewegliche Blende bei ausgeschalteter Projektionsanordnung die Lichtauslassöffnung verschließt. Die beweglichen Blenden der beschriebenen Ausführungsformen sind mittels einer Steuerung und eines Motors in ihrer Position veränderlich. In a preferred embodiment, the light outlet opening of the projection arrangement is covered by at least one screen. The screen can be fixed or moveable. In a first preferred embodiment, the panel runs between the second section of the light path and the floor surface of the motor vehicle when the projection arrangement is installed, preferably at an angle of 0° to 10° to the second section of the light path. The aperture does not enter the light path. In a second preferred embodiment, the screen is designed to be movable and closes the light outlet opening when the projection arrangement is switched off. In the active state of the projection arrangement, the movable screen can assume the position of the fixed screen according to the first embodiment. In a third preferred embodiment, the projection arrangement has a fixed diaphragm and a movable diaphragm, the movable diaphragm closing the light outlet opening when the projection arrangement is switched off. The movable shutters of the described embodiments can be changed in position by means of a controller and a motor.
Die diffus reflektierende Schicht ist bevorzugt so in die Verbundscheibe eingebracht, dass diese zwischen der betrachterseitigen Oberfläche der ersten Scheibe und der projektorseitigen Oberfläche der zweiten Scheibe angeordnet ist. Die diffus reflektierende Schicht ist somit benachbart zur thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht oder innerhalb der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht integriert. The diffusely reflecting layer is preferably introduced into the laminated pane in such a way that it lies between the viewer-side surface of the first pane and the projector-side surface of the second pane is arranged. The diffusely reflecting layer is thus integrated adjacent to the thermoplastic intermediate layer or within the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
Die diffus reflektierende Schicht umfasst bevorzugt Mikropartikel, besonders bevorzugt Siliziumdioxid-Mikropartikel, polymere Mikropartikel und/oder Flüssigkristallmikropartikel. Diese haben sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen um eine hohe Lichtstreuung in Transmissionsrichtung zu erlangen. Dabei haben sich kugelförmige Mikropartikel mit reflektierender Oberfläche, beispielsweise Mikropartikel aus Siliziumdioxid mit einer Silberbeschichtung, als besonders geeignet herausgestellt. The diffusely reflecting layer preferably comprises microparticles, particularly preferably silicon dioxide microparticles, polymeric microparticles and/or liquid crystal microparticles. These have proven to be particularly advantageous in order to achieve high light scattering in the transmission direction. Spherical microparticles with a reflective surface, for example microparticles made of silicon dioxide with a silver coating, have proven to be particularly suitable.
Bevorzugt ist die diffus reflektierende Schicht in Form einer Displayfolie in den Schichtstapel der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht integriert, wobei die diffus reflektierende Schicht auf einer der Oberflächen der Displayfolie aufgebracht ist. Die Verbundscheibe umfasst dabei in dieser Reihenfolge als Schichtstapel laminiert die erste Scheibe, eine erste thermoplastische Verbundfolie, die Displayfolie mit diffus reflektierender Schicht, eine zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie und eine zweite Scheibe. Die erste thermoplastische Verbundfolie und die zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie umschließen dabei die Displayfolie, die zwischen ihnen eingelagert ist. The diffusely reflecting layer is preferably integrated in the layer stack of the thermoplastic intermediate layer in the form of a display film, the diffusely reflecting layer being applied to one of the surfaces of the display film. The laminated pane comprises the first pane, a first thermoplastic composite film, the display film with a diffusely reflecting layer, a second thermoplastic composite film and a second pane laminated in this order as a layer stack. The first thermoplastic composite film and the second thermoplastic composite film enclose the display film that is embedded between them.
Die Displayfolie umfasst bevorzugt eine diffus reflektierende Schicht oder Oberfläche, die einfallendes Licht diffus reflektiert. Diffuse Reflektion ist dabei begrifflich als nicht gerichtete Reflektion aufzufassen. An der diffus reflektierenden Schicht wird beispielsweise ein von der dem Betrachter abgewandten Seite der Verbundscheibe ausgehend auf die erste Scheibe gerichtetes Bild eines Projektors dargestellt, wobei die Displayfolie ein reales Bild in der Ebene der Verbundscheibe zeigt. Ein reales Bild unterscheidet sich dabei von einem virtuellen Bild, wobei das virtuelle Bild in einer anderen Ebene als die Projektionsebene liegt und das reale Bild in der Projektionsebene gezeigt wird. The display foil preferably comprises a diffusely reflecting layer or surface that diffusely reflects incident light. Diffuse reflection is conceptually to be understood as non-directional reflection. On the diffusely reflecting layer, for example, an image of a projector directed from the side of the laminated pane facing away from the viewer onto the first pane is displayed, with the display film showing a real image in the plane of the laminated pane. A real image differs from a virtual image, the virtual image being in a different plane than the projection plane and the real image being shown in the projection plane.
Die Displayfolie enthält beispielsweise eine diffuse reflektierende interne Oberfläche mit einer diffus reflektierenden Beschichtung. Die diffuse reflektierende Beschichtung umfasst bevorzugt Mikropartikel wie Siliziumdioxidpartikel, polymere Partikel oder Flüssigkristalle. Alternativ dazu können auch Metall- oder Metalloxidpartikel verwendet werden. Insbesondere weisen die genannten Mikropartikel eine Kugelform auf und/oder sind transparent oder durchscheinend. Zur Realisierung der Erfindung haben sich Displayfolien mit einer diffus reflektierenden Beschichtung umfassend Titanoxidpartikel (TiOx-Partikel), Silberpartikel oder Siliziumdioxidpartikel als vorteilhaft erwiesen. In gleicher Weise sind Displayfolien mit organischen diffus reflektierenden Beschichtungen enthaltend cholesterische Flüssigkristalle geeignet. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst die Displayfolie cholesterische Flüssigkristalle, die in einer Matrix orientiert sind. Ein mögliches Beispiel einer Displayfolie ist in WO 2017/204103 A1 beschrieben, wobei die Folie zufällig dispergierte cholesterische Flüssigkristall-Tropfen umfasst, die durch eine im Brechungsindex angepasste Schicht abgedeckt sind. Die cholesterischen Flüssigkristalltropfen haben im Wesentlichen die Form einer Halbkugel, deren Radius von dem Kontaktwinkel zwischen Folie und Tropfen abhängig ist. Eine Wellenlängenselektivität der Displayfolie ist ebenso möglich, wie beispielsweise in WO 2016/175183 A1 beschrieben. For example, the display film includes a diffusely reflective internal surface with a diffusely reflective coating. The diffuse reflective coating preferably comprises microparticles such as silicon dioxide particles, polymeric particles or liquid crystals. Alternatively, metal or metal oxide particles can also be used. In particular, the microparticles mentioned have a spherical shape and/or are transparent or translucent. Display foils with a diffusely reflecting coating comprising titanium oxide particles (TiO x particles), silver particles or silicon dioxide particles have proven to be advantageous for realizing the invention. In the same way, display foils with organic, diffusely reflecting coatings containing cholesteric liquid crystals are suitable. In a preferred embodiment, the display film includes cholesteric liquid crystals that are oriented in a matrix. A possible example of a display film is described in WO 2017/204103 A1, the film comprising randomly dispersed cholesteric liquid crystal droplets covered by a refractive index-matched layer. The cholesteric liquid crystal droplets essentially have the shape of a hemisphere, the radius of which depends on the contact angle between the film and the droplet. A wavelength selectivity of the display film is also possible, as described for example in WO 2016/175183 A1.
Das mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Projektionsanordnung auf die Verbundscheibe projizierte Bild ist in Transmissionrichtung für den Betrachter sichtbar, wobei sich Betrachter und Projektor an entgegengesetzten Oberflächen der Verbundscheibe befinden. Die Erfinder haben festgestellt, dass für derartige transmissionsbasierte Projektionsanordnungen insbesondere Displayfolien mit einer diffus reflektierenden Beschichtung geeignet sind, die kugelförmige Partikel mit einem Siliziumdioxidkern umhüllt von einer Silberschicht umfassen. Derartige besonders geeignete Beschichtungen wurden beispielsweise von Hsu et. al. Beschrieben (Hsu, C. W. et al. Transparent displays enabled by resonant nanoparticle scattering. Nat. Commun. 5:3152 doi: 10.1038/ncomms4152 (2014)). The image projected onto the laminated pane by means of the projection arrangement according to the invention is visible to the viewer in the transmission direction, with the viewer and projector being located on opposite surfaces of the laminated pane. The inventors have found that display foils with a diffusely reflecting coating, which comprise spherical particles with a silicon dioxide core encased by a silver layer, are particularly suitable for such transmission-based projection arrangements. Such particularly suitable coatings were, for example, by Hsu et. al. Described (Hsu, C.W. et al. Transparent displays enabled by resonant nanoparticle scattering. Nat. Commun. 5:3152 doi:10.1038/ncomms4152 (2014)).
Die verschiedensten Displayfolien sind grundsätzlich kommerziell erhältlich, wobei als gängige Trägermaterialien Polyethylen (PE), Polyethylenterephthalat (PET), Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA), Triacetylcellulose (TAG) und/oder Polycarbonat (PC) verwendet werden. Aufgrund der geringen Haftung dieser Materialien zu Glasscheiben wird die Displayfolie bevorzugt in die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht integriert, wobei die Displayfolie über eine erste thermoplastische Verbundfolie und eine zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie an der ersten Scheibe beziehungsweise der zweiten Scheibe angebunden ist. A wide variety of display films are in principle commercially available, with polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), triacetyl cellulose (TAG) and/or polycarbonate (PC) being used as common carrier materials. Due to the low adhesion of these materials to glass panes, the display film is preferably integrated into the thermoplastic intermediate layer, with the display film being connected to the first pane or the second pane via a first thermoplastic composite film and a second thermoplastic composite film.
Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht umfasst bevorzugt erste thermoplastische Verbundfolie und eine zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie zwischen denen die Displayfolie zumindest abschnittsweise, bevorzugt großflächig, angeordnet ist. Insbesondere in einem umlaufenden Randbereich kann die Displayfolie ausgespart sein, so dass dort die thermoplastischen Verbundfolien unmittelbar aufeinander liegen. Die erste und zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie weisen üblicherweise dieselben Abmessungen wie die erste und die zweite Scheibe auf. The thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably comprises a first thermoplastic composite film and a second thermoplastic composite film between which the display film is arranged at least in sections, preferably over a large area. In particular, in a peripheral edge area, the display film can be left open, so that there thermoplastic composite films lie directly on top of each other. The first and second thermoplastic composite sheets typically have the same dimensions as the first and second panes.
Die Displayfolie ist über einen Bereich der ersten thermoplastischen Verbundfolie mit der ersten Scheibe und über einen Bereich der zweiten thermoplastischen Verbundfolie mit der zweiten Scheibe verbunden. Die erste und die zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie sind flächig aufeinander angeordnet und im Schichtstapel miteinander laminiert, wobei die Displayfolie zwischen die beiden Schichten eingelegt ist. Die mit der Displayfolie überlappenden Bereiche der thermoplastischen Verbundfolien bilden dann die Bereiche, welche die Displayfolie mit den Scheiben verbinden. In anderen Bereichen der Scheibe, wo die thermoplastischen Verbundfolien direkten Kontakt zueinander haben, können sie beim Laminieren verschmelzen. The display film is connected to the first pane via a region of the first thermoplastic composite film and to the second pane via a region of the second thermoplastic composite film. The first and the second thermoplastic composite film are arranged flat on top of each other and laminated to one another in the layer stack, with the display film being inserted between the two layers. The areas of the thermoplastic composite films that overlap with the display film then form the areas that connect the display film to the panes. In other areas of the pane where the thermoplastic composite films are in direct contact with each other, they can fuse during lamination.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe kann eine erste thermoplastische Verbundfolie und eine zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie oder auch mehrere erste und/oder zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolien enthalten. Anstelle einer ersten und/oder zweiten thermoplastischen Verbundfolie kann sich demnach auch ein jeweils zweilagiger, dreilagiger oder mehrlagiger Folienstapel aus thermoplastischen Verbundfolien und/oder weiteren funktionellen Folien befinden, wobei die einzelnen Folien gleiche oder unterschiedliche Eigenschaften aufweisen. Bevorzugt umfassen die erste thermoplastische Verbundfolie und die zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie jeweils genau eine Folienlage. Dadurch werden zusätzliche Foliengrenzflächen, an denen eine Entlüftung sicherzustellen ist, vermieden. Eine thermoplastische Verbundfolie kann auch aus Abschnitten unterschiedlicher thermoplastischer Folien gebildet werden, deren Seitenkanten aneinandergrenzen. The laminated pane according to the invention can contain a first thermoplastic laminated film and a second thermoplastic laminated film or also a plurality of first and/or second thermoplastic laminated films. Accordingly, instead of a first and/or second thermoplastic composite film, there can also be a two-layer, three-layer or multi-layer film stack made of thermoplastic composite films and/or other functional films, with the individual films having the same or different properties. The first thermoplastic composite film and the second thermoplastic composite film preferably each comprise exactly one film layer. This avoids additional film interfaces where ventilation must be ensured. A thermoplastic composite film can also be formed from sections of different thermoplastic films whose side edges adjoin one another.
Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht enthält bevorzugt Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), Polyurethan (PU) und/oder Ethylenvinylacetat (EVA), besonders bevorzugt Polyvinylbutyral. Insbesondere umfassen die erste und die zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie Polyvinylbutyral, Polyurethan und/oder Ethylenvinylacetat, besonders bevorzugt Polyvinylbutyral. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthalten die erste thermoplastische Verbundfolie und/oder die zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie getöntes Polyvinylbutyral. Dies ist vorteilhaft um den Kontrast des auf die Verbundscheibe projizierten Bildes zu verbessern. Darüber hinaus kann die Verbundscheibe weitere Designelemente umfassen, beispielsweise weitere getönte Folien und/oder farbige Abdeckdrucke auf den Scheibenoberflächen und/oder den Folienoberflächen. The thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably contains polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU) and/or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral. In particular, the first and the second thermoplastic composite film comprise polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane and/or ethylene vinyl acetate, particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the first thermoplastic composite film and/or the second thermoplastic composite film contain tinted polyvinyl butyral. This is advantageous in order to improve the contrast of the image projected onto the laminated pane. In addition, the composite pane can include other design elements, for example other tinted foils and/or colored masking prints on the pane surfaces and/or the foil surfaces.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält die Verbundscheibe mindestens ein Beleuchtungselement, bevorzugt mehrere Beleuchtungselemente, die im Randbereich der Verbundscheibe entlang der umlaufenden Kante der Verbundscheibe angeordnet sind. Dies ist besonders vorteilhaft in Kombination mit einer getönten thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht. In einer solchen Anordnung wird die Beleuchtung bei aktiver Projektionsanordnung deaktiviert, wobei die Tönung der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht den Kontrast der Darstellung verbessert, und die Beleuchtung im inaktiven Zustand der Projektionsanordnung aktiviert, was zu einem ansprechenden Erscheinungsbild und einer besseren Durchsicht durch die Verbundscheibe führt. Alternativ zu einer getönten thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht kann auch die erste Scheibe und/oder die zweite Scheibe getönt sein. In a preferred embodiment, the laminated pane contains at least one lighting element, preferably several lighting elements, which are arranged in the edge area of the laminated pane along the peripheral edge of the laminated pane. This is particularly advantageous in combination with a tinted thermoplastic intermediate layer. In such an arrangement, the lighting is deactivated when the projection arrangement is active, with the tinting of the thermoplastic interlayer improving the contrast of the display, and the lighting is activated when the projection arrangement is inactive, resulting in a pleasing appearance and better visibility through the laminated pane. As an alternative to a tinted thermoplastic intermediate layer, the first pane and/or the second pane can also be tinted.
Die erste thermoplastische Verbundfolie und die zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie weisen bevorzugt jeweils eine Dicke von 25 pm bis 1000 pm, besonders bevorzugt 40 pm bis 800 pm auf. Ein mittels eines Projektors auf die Displayfolie projiziertes Bild muss sämtliche Folienschichten der Verbundscheibe passieren. Dabei hat sich gezeigt, dass die Bildqualität mit steigender Schichtdicke abnimmt. Insofern sind Verbundfolien geringer Dicke bevorzugt. Dabei können symmetrische oder asymmetrische Schichtaufbauten verwendet werden. Als erste thermoplastische Verbundfolie, die die betrachterseitige Oberfläche der ersten Scheibe mit der Displayfolie verbindet, wird bevorzugt eine thermoplastische Verbundfolie mit einer Dicke von mindestens 100 pm, bevorzugt 200 pm bis 800 pm, besonders bevorzugt 300 pm bis 500 pm, beispielsweise 380 pm, eingesetzt. Die zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie, die die projektorseitige Oberfläche der zweiten Scheibe mit der Displayfolie verbindet, wird bevorzugt in einer Dicke innerhalb der gleichen Bereiche ausgeführt. Besonders bevorzugt sind die erste thermoplastische Verbundfolie und die zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie gleich dick, beispielsweise jeweils 380 pm. The first thermoplastic composite film and the second thermoplastic composite film preferably each have a thickness of 25 μm to 1000 μm, particularly preferably 40 μm to 800 μm. An image projected onto the display film using a projector must pass through all the film layers of the laminated pane. It has been shown that the image quality decreases with increasing slice thickness. In this respect, composite films with a small thickness are preferred. Symmetrical or asymmetrical layer structures can be used here. A thermoplastic composite film with a thickness of at least 100 μm, preferably 200 μm to 800 μm, particularly preferably 300 μm to 500 μm, for example 380 μm, is preferably used as the first thermoplastic composite film that connects the viewer-side surface of the first pane to the display film . The second thermoplastic composite film, which connects the projector-side surface of the second pane to the display film, is preferably designed with a thickness within the same ranges. The first thermoplastic composite film and the second thermoplastic composite film are particularly preferably of the same thickness, for example 380 μm each.
Die erste und die zweite Scheibe sind bevorzugt aus Glas gefertigt, besonders bevorzugt aus Kalk-Natron-Glas, wie es für Fensterscheiben üblich ist. Die Scheiben können aber auch aus anderen Glassorten gefertigt sein, beispielsweise Quarzglas, Borosilikatglas oder Alumino- Silikat-Glas. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform sind die erste Scheibe und/oder die zweite Scheibe aus starren klaren Kunststoffen, beispielsweise Polycarbonat oder Polymethylmethacrylat, gefertigt. Dabei sind auch Kombinationen aus einer Glasscheibe und einer Kunststoffscheibe möglich. Je nach Platzierung der Verbundscheibe im Kraftfahrzeug sind Verbundscheiben umfassend mindestens eine Kunststoffscheibe vorteilhaft um die Verletzungsgefahr bei Verkehrsunfällen zu verringern. Insbesondere ist zumindest die dem Betrachter unmittelbar zugewandte zweite Scheibe aus Kunststoff, bevorzugt Polycarbonat, gefertigt. Die Scheiben können klar sein, oder auch getönt oder gefärbt. The first and second panes are preferably made of glass, particularly preferably of soda-lime glass, as is customary for window panes. However, the panes can also be made of other types of glass, for example quartz glass, borosilicate glass or aluminosilicate glass. In a further embodiment, the first pane and/or the second pane are made of rigid clear plastics, for example polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate. Combinations of a glass pane and a plastic pane are also possible. Depending on the placement of the composite pane in the motor vehicle, composite panes comprising at least one plastic pane are advantageous in order to reduce the risk of injury in traffic accidents. In particular, at least the second pane directly facing the viewer is made of plastic, preferably polycarbonate. The panes can be clear, tinted or tinted.
Die erste Scheibe, die zweite Scheibe und/oder die Zwischenschicht können weitere geeignete, an sich bekannte Beschichtungen aufweisen, beispielsweise Antireflexbeschichtungen, Antihaftbeschichtungen, Antikratzbeschichtungen, photokatalytische Beschichtungen oder Sonnenschutzbeschichtungen oder Low-E- Beschichtungen). The first pane, the second pane and/or the intermediate layer can have further suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflection coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or sun protection coatings or low-E coatings).
Die Ecken der Verbundscheibe sind bevorzugt abgerundet. Dies minimiert die Verletzungsgefahr für Fahrzeuginsassen im Falle eines Verkehrsunfalls. Die Verbundscheibe kann The corners of the laminated pane are preferably rounded. This minimizes the risk of injury to vehicle occupants in the event of a traffic accident. The composite pane can
Die Dicke der ersten und der zweiten Scheibe kann breit variieren und so den Erfordernissen im Einzelfall angepasst werden. Die erste und die zweite Scheibe weisen bevorzugt Dicken von jeweils 0,2 mm bis 4,0 mm, besonders bevorzugt von jeweils 0,5 mm bis 3,0 mm, insbesondere 1 ,5 mm bis 2,5 mm auf. The thickness of the first and the second pane can vary widely and can thus be adapted to the requirements in the individual case. The first and second panes preferably have thicknesses of 0.2 mm to 4.0 mm each, particularly preferably 0.5 mm to 3.0 mm each, in particular 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm.
Die Verbundscheibe ist bevorzugt in einer oder in mehreren Richtungen des Raumes gebogen, wobei typische Krümmungsradien im Bereich von etwa 10 cm bis etwa 40 m liegen. Die Verbundscheibe kann aber auch plan sein. The laminated pane is preferably curved in one or more spatial directions, with typical radii of curvature being in the range from about 10 cm to about 40 m. However, the laminated pane can also be flat.
Die erste Scheibe und die zweite Scheibe können unabhängig voneinander nicht vorgespannt, teilvorgespannt oder vorgespannt sein. Soll mindestens eine der Scheiben eine Vorspannung aufweisen, so kann dies eine thermische oder chemische Vorspannung sein. The first disk and the second disk may be unbiased, partially biased, or biased independently of one another. If at least one of the panes is to have a prestress, this can be a thermal or chemical prestress.
Die Verbundscheibe kann hergestellt werden durch an sich bekannte Verfahren. Die erste Scheibe und die zweite Scheibe werden über die Zwischenschicht miteinander laminiert, beispielsweise durch Autoklavverfahren, Vakuumsackverfahren, Vakuumringverfahren, Kalanderverfahren, Vakuumlaminatoren oder Kombinationen davon. Die Verbindung von erster Scheibe und zweiter Scheibe erfolgt dabei üblicherweise unter Einwirkung von Hitze, Vakuum und/oder Druck. The laminated pane can be manufactured by methods known per se. The first pane and the second pane are laminated together via the intermediate layer, for example by autoclave processes, vacuum bag processes, vacuum ring processes, calendering processes, vacuum laminators, or combinations thereof. The connection of first pane and second pane usually takes place under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure.
Die Erfindung umfasst weiterhin ein Fahrzeug umfassend eine erfindungsgemäße Projektionsanordnung, wobei das Gehäuse innerhalb des Armaturenbrettes, der vorderen Mittelkonsole oder der hinteren Mittelkonsole im Fahrzeug integriert ist. The invention also includes a vehicle comprising a projection arrangement according to the invention, the housing being integrated within the dashboard, the front center console or the rear center console in the vehicle.
Die Erfindung wird anhand einer Zeichnung und Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung ist eine schematische Darstellung und nicht maßstabsgetreu. Die Zeichnung schränkt die Erfindung in keiner Weise ein. Es zeigen: The invention is explained in more detail with reference to a drawing and exemplary embodiments. The drawing is a schematic representation and not to scale. The drawing does not limit the invention in any way. Show it:
Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Projektionsanordnung mit der Verbundscheibe im Querschnitt, FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a projection arrangement according to the invention with the composite pane in cross section,
Figur 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Projektionsanordnung mit der Verbundscheibe im Querschnitt,FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the projection arrangement according to the invention with the composite pane in cross section,
Figur 3a eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausgestaltung der Verbundscheibe der erfindungsgemäßen Projektionsanordnung, FIG. 3a shows a plan view of an embodiment of the composite pane of the projection arrangement according to the invention,
Figur 3b einen Querschnitt durch die Verbundscheibe aus Figur 3a entlang der Schnittlinie A- A‘, FIG. 3b shows a cross section through the laminated pane from FIG. 3a along the section line AA',
Figur 4 eine dreidimensionale Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Projektionsanordnung im Querschnitt, FIG. 4 shows a three-dimensional representation of a projection arrangement according to the invention in cross section,
Figur 5a eine Außenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Projektionsanordnung im Ruhezustand, FIG. 5a shows an external view of a projection arrangement according to the invention in the idle state,
Figur 5b eine Außenansicht der Projektionsanordnung gemäß Figur 5a im aktivierten Zustand und FIG. 5b shows an external view of the projection arrangement according to FIG. 5a in the activated state and
Figur 6 eine Illustration zur Erläuterung des Begriffs „Leuchtdichte“ im Kontext der Erfindung. FIG. 6 an illustration to explain the term “luminance” in the context of the invention.
Figur 1 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Projektionsanordnung 100 umfassend eine Verbundscheibe 10, einen Projektor 20, welcher in einem Gehäuse 30 angeordnet ist und durch eine Lichtauslassöffnung 31 des Gehäuses 30 hindurch auf einen Bereich der Verbundscheibe 10 gerichtet ist. In diesem Bereich können mittels des Projektors 20 projizierte Bilder P erzeugt werden, welche von einem Betrachter B (Fahrzeugfahrer oder Fahrzeuginsasse) als reale Bilde auf der von ihm zugewandten Seite der Verbundscheibe 10 wahrgenommen werden. Die Verbundscheibe 10 ist im Querschnitt entlang einer Schnittlinie AA‘ gemäß Figur 3a gezeigt. Die Verbundscheibe 10 ist aufgebaut aus einer ersten Scheibe 1 und einer zweiten Scheibe 2, die über eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 3 miteinander verbunden sind. Die erste Scheibe 1 weist eine projektorseitige Oberläche I auf, die dem Projektor 20 zugewandt ist, und eine betrachterseitige Oberfläche II auf, die dem Betrachter B zugewandt ist, auf. Die zweite Scheibe 2 weist eine eine projektorseitige Oberläche III auf, die dem Projektor 20 zugewandt ist, und eine betrachterseitige Oberfläche IV auf, die dem Betrachter B zugewandt ist, auf, wobei die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 3 die betrachterseitige Oberfläche II der ersten Scheibe 1 und die projektorseitige Oberfläche III der zweiten Scheibe 2 miteinander verbindet. Zwischen der betrachterseitigen Oberfläche II der ersten Scheibe 1 und der projektorseitigen Oberfläche III der zweiten Scheibe 2 ist eine diffus reflektierende Schicht 5 angeordnet. Diese kann an der betrachterseitigen Oberfläche II der ersten Scheibe 1 oder der projektorseitigen Oberfläche III der zweiten Scheibe 2 angeordnet sein oder in der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht 3 integriert sein. Das vom Projektor 20 emittierte Licht gelangt durch die Lichtauslassöffnung 31 des Gehäuses 30 entlang des Lichtpfades 40 zur Verbundscheibe 10 und wird dort an der diffus reflektierenden Schicht 5 gestreut. Das an der betrachterseitigen Oberfläche IV austretende, diffus reflektierte Licht wird vom Betrachter als projiziertes Bild P wahrgenommen. FIG. 1 shows a projection arrangement 100 according to the invention comprising a composite pane 10, a projector 20 which is arranged in a housing 30 and is directed through a light outlet opening 31 of the housing 30 onto a region of the composite pane 10. Projected images P can be generated in this area by means of the projector 20, which are perceived by an observer B (vehicle driver or vehicle occupant) as real images on the side of the laminated pane 10 facing him. The laminated pane 10 is in cross-section along a cut line AA' shown in Figure 3a. The composite pane 10 is made up of a first pane 1 and a second pane 2 which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 . The first pane 1 has a projector-side surface I facing the projector 20 and a viewer-side surface II facing the viewer B on. The second pane 2 has a surface III on the projector side, which faces the projector 20, and a surface IV on the viewer side, which faces the viewer B, with the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 covering the surface II of the first pane 1 on the viewer side and the projector-side surface III of the second pane 2 connects to each other. A diffusely reflecting layer 5 is arranged between the viewer-side surface II of the first pane 1 and the projector-side surface III of the second pane 2 . This can be arranged on the viewer-side surface II of the first pane 1 or the projector-side surface III of the second pane 2 or be integrated in the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 . The light emitted by the projector 20 passes through the light outlet opening 31 of the housing 30 along the light path 40 to the compound pane 10 and is scattered there on the diffusely reflecting layer 5 . The diffusely reflected light exiting at the viewer-side surface IV is perceived as a projected image P by the viewer.
Figur 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Projektionsanordnung 100 mit der Verbundscheibe 10 im Querschnitt. Die Ausführungsform entspricht im Wesentlichen der in Figur 1 beschriebenen, wobei im Unterschied dazu mehrere Spiegel 32 im Gehäuse 30 angebracht sind. Der Projektor 20 ist auf einen Spiegel 32 gerichtet, der das Licht des Projektors reflektiert und zu einem weiteren Spiegel 32 lenkt, der das Licht ebenfalls reflektiert und durch die Lichtauslassöffnung 31 auf die Verbundscheibe 10 lenkt. Der Lichtpfad 40 gliedert sich dabei in einen ersten Abschnitt 41 zwischen Projektor 20 und einem Spiegel 32, einen zweiten Abschnitt 42 zwischen einem weiteren Spiegel 32 und der Verbundscheibe 10 und dem zwischen den beiden Spiegeln 32 liegenden dritten Abschnitt 43 des Lichtpfades 40. Die Gliederung des Lichtpfades 40 in mehrere Abschnitte durch Verwendung von Spiegeln 32 ermöglicht eine einfache Justierbarkeit der Projektionsanordnung 20 in der Einbausituation. Des Weiteren ist die Einbauposition des Projektors 20 in weiten Bereichen variabel. FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the projection arrangement 100 according to the invention with the laminated pane 10 in cross section. The embodiment essentially corresponds to that described in FIG. The projector 20 is aimed at a mirror 32 which reflects the light from the projector and directs it to a further mirror 32 which also reflects the light and directs it through the light outlet opening 31 onto the laminated pane 10 . The light path 40 is divided into a first section 41 between the projector 20 and a mirror 32, a second section 42 between a further mirror 32 and the composite pane 10 and the third section 43 of the light path 40 lying between the two mirrors 32. The structure of the Light path 40 in several sections through the use of mirrors 32 allows easy adjustability of the projection assembly 20 in the installation situation. Furthermore, the installation position of the projector 20 is variable over a wide range.
Figuren 3a und 3b zeigen eine Ausführungsform der Verbundscheibe 10 der erfindungsgemäßen Projektionsanordnung 100, wobei Figur 3a eine Draufsicht und Figur 3b einen Querschnitt durch die Verbundscheibe 10 der Figur 3a entlang der Schnittlinie A-A‘ zeigt. Die zweite Scheibe 2 umfasst klares Kalk-Natron-Glas mit einer Dicke von 2,1 mm und ist mit einer ersten Scheibe 1 mit einer Dicke von 2,1 mm umfassend klares Kalk-Natron-Glas über die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 3 zu einer Verbundscheibe laminiert. Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 3 umfasst eine erste thermoplastische Verbundfolie 3.1 und eine zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie 3.2 zwischen denen eine Displayfolie 6 eingelegt ist. Die Displayfolie 6 ist als auf Polyethylenterephthalat (PET) basierende Streufolie mit einer Dicke von 100 pm ausgeführt und enthält eine diffus reflektierende Schicht 5. Die erste thermoplastische Verbundfolie 3.1 besteht aus klarem Polyvinylbutyral, während die zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie 3.2 aus getöntem Polyvinylbutyral mit einer Lichttransmission TL von ungefähr 28 % besteht. Die erste thermoplastische Verbundfolie 3.1 mit einer Dicke von 380 pm ist in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft zur ersten Scheibe 1 angebracht, während die zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie 3.2 mit einer Dicke von 380 pm an der zweiten Scheibe 2 anliegt. Im Randbereich der Verbundscheibe 10 ist die umlaufende Kante der Displayfolie 6 gegenüber der gemeinsamen umlaufenden Kante der thermoplastischen Verbundfolien 3.1 , 3.2 und der Scheiben 1 , 2 zurückversetzt. Die dadurch entstehende Lücke wird im Laminationsprozess mit dem Material der thermoplastischen Verbundfolie 4 gefüllt. FIGS. 3a and 3b show an embodiment of the composite pane 10 of the projection arrangement 100 according to the invention, with FIG. 3a showing a top view and FIG. 3b a cross section through the composite pane 10 of FIG. 3a along the section line AA′ shows. The second pane 2 comprises clear soda-lime glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and is laminated to a first pane 1 with a thickness of 2.1 mm comprising clear soda-lime glass via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 to form a composite pane . The thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 comprises a first thermoplastic composite film 3.1 and a second thermoplastic composite film 3.2 between which a display film 6 is inserted. The display film 6 is designed as a scattering film based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a thickness of 100 μm and contains a diffusely reflecting layer 5. The first thermoplastic composite film 3.1 consists of clear polyvinyl butyral, while the second thermoplastic composite film 3.2 consists of tinted polyvinyl butyral with a light transmission TL of about 28%. The first thermoplastic composite film 3.1 with a thickness of 380 μm is attached in the immediate vicinity of the first pane 1, while the second thermoplastic composite film 3.2 with a thickness of 380 μm is in contact with the second pane 2. In the edge region of the composite pane 10, the peripheral edge of the display film 6 is set back in relation to the common peripheral edge of the thermoplastic composite films 3.1, 3.2 and the panes 1, 2. The resulting gap is filled with the material of the thermoplastic composite film 4 in the lamination process.
Figur 4 zeigt eine dreidimensionale Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Projektionsanordnung 100 im Querschnitt. Der Aufbau der Verbundscheibe 10 entspricht dem in Figuren 3a und 3b beschriebenen. Die Projektionsanordnung 100 der Figur 4 entspricht im Wesentlichen der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 2, wobei im Unterschied dazu genau ein Spiegel 32 im Gehäuse 30 angebracht ist. Der Projektor 20 ist auf den Spiegel 32 gerichtet, der das Licht des Projektors 20 und durch die Lichtauslassöffnung 31 auf die Verbundscheibe 10 lenkt. Der Lichtpfad 40 gliedert sich dabei in einen ersten Abschnitt 41 zwischen Projektor 20 und einem Spiegel 32 und einen zweiten Abschnitt 42 zwischen dem Spiegel 32 und der Verbundscheibe 10. Die Verbundscheibe 10 ist mittels Halterungen 34 an der dem Betrachter B zugewandten äußeren Oberfläche des Gehäuses 30 befestigt. Die Projektionsanordnung 100 ist in der Mittelkonsole eines Kraftfahrzeugs integriert, wobei die äußere Oberfläche des Gehäuses 30, die für den Betrachter B sichtbar ist, von einem Abschnitt der Mittelkonsole gebildet wird. Von der Lichtauslassöffnung 31 ausgehend in Richtung des Spiegels 32 erstreckt sich eine Blende 33. Die Blende 33 kaschiert die Lichtauslassöffnung 31 , so dass der Betrachter B im Ruhezustand der Projektionsanordnung 100 durch die Verbundscheibe 10 hindurch auf die Blende 33 blickt. Figuren 5a und 5b zeigen eine Außenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Projektionsanordnung 100 im Ruhezustand (Figur 5a) und im aktivierten Zustand (Figur 5b), wobei der Aufbau im Wesentlichen dem in Figur 4 beschriebenen entspricht. Im aktivierten Zustand gemäß Figur 5b wird mittels des Projektors 20 (nicht gezeigt) ein projiziertes Bild (P) auf der Verbundscheibe 10 erzeugt. Im Ruhezustand gemäß Figur 5a ist der Projektor 20 deaktiviert, so dass kein Bild auf die Verbundscheibe 10 projiziert wird. Die Außenseite der Mittelkonsole ist abschnittsweise mit einem Designelement 35 versehen, das sich auch auf der dem Betrachter zugewandten Oberfläche der Blende 33 erstreckt. Das Designelement 35 kann beispielsweise in einer farblich von der Umgebung abweichenden Kontur oder Oberflächenstrukturierung bestehen. Im Ruhezustand der Projektionsanordnung (100) gemäß Figur 5a ist dieses Designelement 35 durch die Verbundscheibe 10 hindurch sichtbar. Somit stört die Projektionsanordnung 100 im Ruhezustand den Gesamteindruck der Mittelkonsole mit Designelement 35 nicht oder nur geringfügig. FIG. 4 shows a three-dimensional representation of a projection arrangement 100 according to the invention in cross section. The structure of the laminated pane 10 corresponds to that described in FIGS. 3a and 3b. The projection arrangement 100 of FIG. 4 essentially corresponds to the embodiment according to FIG. The projector 20 is aimed at the mirror 32 which directs the light from the projector 20 and through the light outlet opening 31 onto the laminated pane 10 . The light path 40 is divided into a first section 41 between the projector 20 and a mirror 32 and a second section 42 between the mirror 32 and the composite pane 10. The composite pane 10 is attached by means of brackets 34 to the outer surface of the housing 30 facing the viewer B fastened. The projection arrangement 100 is integrated into the center console of a motor vehicle, with the outer surface of the housing 30 which is visible to the viewer B being formed by a section of the center console. A screen 33 extends from the light outlet opening 31 in the direction of the mirror 32. The screen 33 conceals the light outlet opening 31, so that the viewer B looks through the laminated pane 10 at the screen 33 when the projection arrangement 100 is in the idle state. FIGS. 5a and 5b show an external view of a projection arrangement 100 according to the invention in the idle state (FIG. 5a) and in the activated state (FIG. 5b), the structure essentially corresponding to that described in FIG. In the activated state according to FIG. 5b, a projected image (P) is generated on the laminated pane 10 by means of the projector 20 (not shown). In the idle state according to FIG. 5a, the projector 20 is deactivated, so that no image is projected onto the laminated pane 10. The outside of the center console is provided with a design element 35 in sections, which also extends to the surface of the panel 33 facing the viewer. The design element 35 can consist, for example, of a contour or surface structure that differs in color from the surroundings. In the idle state of the projection arrangement (100) according to FIG. 5a, this design element 35 is visible through the laminated pane 10. The projection arrangement 100 therefore does not disturb the overall impression of the center console with the design element 35 in the idle state, or only slightly so.
Figur 6 zeigt Diagramme zur Erläuterung des Parameters "Leuchtdichte" (bezeichnet als gain) in Bezug auf einen Bildschirm, zum Beispiel die als Anzeigedisplay genutzte Verbundscheibe 10 der Figuren 1 bis 5, unter Bezugnahme auf die Erläuterungen weiter oben. Die Leuchtdichtemessungen wurden mit einem Luminanzmessgerät und einem Videoprojektor durchgeführt. Die Luminanz wird bei verschiedenen Beobachtungswinkeln für einen bestimmten Einfallswinkel des projizierten Lichts gemessen. Der Projektionswinkel wurde so nahe wie möglich bei 0° eingestellt (entsprechend der Normalen zum Bildschirm). Wenn der Projektionswinkel konstant gehalten wird, hängt die Leuchtdichte nur vom Beobachtungswinkel 0 ab. Die Position des Luminanzmessgeräts wird daher so eingestellt, dass bei einem Beobachtungswinkel von 0° in der horizontalen Ebene das Luminanzmessgerät auf die spiegelnde Reflexion ausgerichtet ist. Der Beobachtungswinkel ist daher tatsächlich gleich 0°, da der Spiegelreflex als Referenz für die Messung des Beobachtungswinkels genommen wird. Luminanzmessungen wurden alle fünf Grad von 15° bis 75° (gemessen in der horizontalen Ebene) in einer unbeleuchteten Umgebung durchgeführt, die von jeder anderen Lichtquelle als dem Videoprojektor abgeschirmt war. Ein unter denselben Bedingungen gemessenes Spectralon wurde zur Standardisierung der Luminanzmessungen und zur Bestimmung der Leuchtdichte aus diesen Messungen verwendet. Der intrinsische Betrachtungswinkel a lässt sich aus diesen Messungen als Halbwertsbreite der Leuchtdichtekurve ableiten und stellt die Winkelbreite dar, bei der die Leuchtdichte größer als die Hälfte der maximalen Leuchtdichte ist. Die Leuchtdichte wird in Figur 2 als gain bezeichnet, die Luminanz des Spektralen als Lideai und die Luminanz des Bildschirms als LSCreen. FIG. 6 shows diagrams for explaining the “luminance” parameter (referred to as gain) in relation to a screen, for example the composite pane 10 of FIGS. 1 to 5 used as a display, with reference to the explanations above. The luminance measurements were carried out with a luminance meter and a video projector. Luminance is measured at different viewing angles for a given angle of incidence of the projected light. The projection angle was set as close to 0° as possible (corresponding to the normal to the screen). If the projection angle is kept constant, the luminance depends only on the observation angle 0. The position of the luminance meter is therefore adjusted so that at a viewing angle of 0° in the horizontal plane, the luminance meter is aligned with the specular reflection. The viewing angle is therefore actually equal to 0° since the SLR is taken as a reference for measuring the viewing angle. Luminance measurements were taken every five degrees from 15° to 75° (measured in the horizontal plane) in an unlit environment shielded from any light source other than the video projector. A Spectralon measured under the same conditions was used to standardize the luminance measurements and to determine the luminance from these measurements. The intrinsic viewing angle a can be derived from these measurements as the half-width of the luminance curve and represents the angular width at which the luminance is greater than half the maximum luminance. The luminance is in Figure 2 denoted as gain, the luminance of the spectrum as Lideai and the luminance of the screen as L SC reen.
Bezugszeichenliste: Reference list:
1 erste Scheibe 1 first disc
2 zweite Scheibe 2 second disc
3 thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 3 thermoplastic interlayer
3.1 erste thermoplastische Verbundfolie 3.1 first thermoplastic composite film
3.2 zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie 3.2 second thermoplastic composite film
5 diffus reflektierende Schicht 5 diffuse reflective layer
6 Displayfolie mit diffus reflektierender Schicht 56 display foil with diffusely reflecting layer 5
10 Verbundscheibe 10 composite pane
20 Projektor 20 projector
30 Gehäuse 30 housing
31 Lichtauslassöffnung 31 light outlet opening
32 Spiegel 32 mirrors
33 Blende 33 aperture
34 Halterung 34 bracket
35 Designelement 35 design element
40 Lichtpfad 40 light path
41 erster Abschnitt des Lichtpfades 41 first section of the light path
42 zweiter Abschnitt des Lichtpfades 42 second section of the light path
43 dritter Abschnitt des Lichtpfades 43 third section of the light path
100 Projektionsanordnung 100 projection arrangement
P projiziertes Bild P projected image
B Betrachter B viewer
I projektorseitige Oberfläche der ersten ScheibeI Projector-side surface of the first pane
11 betrachterseitige Oberfläche der ersten Scheibe11 Viewer-side surface of the first pane
III projektorseitige Oberfläche der zweiten ScheibeIII Projector-side surface of the second pane
IV betrachterseitige Oberfläche der zweiten Scheibe IV Viewer-side surface of the second disc

Claims

22 22
Patentansprüche Projektionsanordnung (100) für ein Kraftfahrzeug mindestens umfassend eine Verbundscheibe (10) mit diffus reflektierender Schicht (5), einen Projektor (20) zur Projektion eines Bildes auf der Verbundscheibe (10) und ein Gehäuse (30) mit Lichtauslassöffnung (31), wobei die Verbundscheibe (10) mit diffus reflektierender Schicht (5) eine erste Scheibe (1) mit einer projektorseitigen Oberfläche (I) und einer betrachterseitigen Oberfläche (II) und eine zweite Scheibe (2) mit einer projektorseitigen Oberfläche (III) und einer betrachterseitigen Oberfläche (IV) aufweist und die betrachterseitige Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe (1) mit der projektorseitigen Oberfläche (III) der zweiten Scheibe (2) über eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (3) verbunden ist, die Verbundscheibe (10) in einem Abstand von weniger als 200 mm zur Lichtauslassöffnung (31) des Gehäuses (30) angeordnet ist und der Projektor (20) so innerhalb des Gehäuses (30) angeordnet ist, dass ein vom Projektor (20) erzeugter Lichtstrahl durch die Lichtauslassöffnung (31) des Gehäuses (30) auf die projektorseitige Oberfläche (I) der ersten Scheibe (1) trifft und das vom Projektor (20) projizierte Bild (P) an der betrachterseitigen Oberfläche (IV) der zweiten Scheibe (2) sichtbar ist. Projektionsanordnung (100) nach Anspruch 1 , wobei die Verbundscheibe (10) in einem Abstand von weniger als 100 mm, bevorzugt 10 mm bis 80 mm, besonders bevorzugt 20 mm bis 60 mm, zur Lichtauslassöffnung (31) des Gehäuses (30) angeordnet ist. Projektionsanordnung (100) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Verbundscheibe (10) eine Größe von 5 cm2 bis 50 cm2, besonders bevorzugt 15 cm2 bis 40 cm2 aufweist. Projektionsanordnung (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei das Gehäuse (30) mindestens einen Spiegel (32) umfasst mittels dem ein vom Projektor (20) erzeugter Lichtstrahl so entlang eines Lichtpfades (40) gelenkt werden kann, dass er durch die Lichtauslassöffnung (31) auf die Verbundscheibe (10) trifft. Projektionsanordnung (100) nach Anspruch 4, wobei der Lichtpfad (40) zumindest einen ersten Abschnitt (41) zwischen dem Projektor (20) und einem Spiegel (32) und einen zweiten Abschnitt (42) zwischen einem Spiegel (32) und der Verbundscheibe (10) umfasst und wobei mindestens ein dritter Anschnitt (43) des Lichtpfades (40) zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt (41) und dem zweiten Abschnitt (42) liegt. Projektionsanordnung (100) nach Anspruch 5, wobei der zweite Abschnitt (42) des Lichtpfades (40) im Einbauzustand der Projektionsanordnung (100) in einem Kraftfahrzeug in Richtung der Bodenfläche des Kraftfahrzeugs geneigt ist. Projektionsanordnung (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, wobei der zweite Abschnitt (42) des Lichtpfades (40) einen Winkel von bis 15° bis 85°, bevorzugt von 20° bis 60°, zum benachbarten ersten Abschnitt (41) oder dritten Abschnitt (43) einnimmt. Projektionsanordnung (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, wobei mindestens 60%, bevorzugt mindestens 80%, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 90% der Länge des Lichtpfades (40) innerhalb des Gehäuses (30) verlaufen. Projektionsanordnung (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei die Verbundscheibe (10) einen maximalen Leuchtdichtefaktor zwischen 0,1 und 0,8, bevorzugt zwischen 0,3 und 0,6 und für ein in der Ebene der Verbundscheibe erzeugtes reales Bild einen intrinsischen Betrachtungswinkel a von mehr als 60°, in einer ersten Richtung und von mehr als 30°, in einer zweiten Richtung aufweist, die senkrecht zur ersten Richtung angeordnet ist. Projektionsanordnung (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei dieClaims Projection arrangement (100) for a motor vehicle at least comprising a laminated pane (10) with a diffusely reflecting layer (5), a projector (20) for projecting an image on the laminated pane (10) and a housing (30) with a light outlet opening (31), wherein the composite pane (10) with a diffusely reflecting layer (5) has a first pane (1) with a projector-side surface (I) and a viewer-side surface (II) and a second pane (2) with a projector-side surface (III) and a viewer-side surface (IV) and the viewer-side surface (II) of the first pane (1) is connected to the projector-side surface (III) of the second pane (2) via a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3), the composite pane (10) at a distance of is arranged less than 200 mm to the light outlet opening (31) of the housing (30) and the projector (20) is arranged inside the housing (30) in such a way that a projector ( 20) the light beam generated through the light outlet opening (31) of the housing (30) hits the projector-side surface (I) of the first pane (1) and the image (P) projected by the projector (20) hits the viewer-side surface (IV) of the second Disc (2) is visible. Projection arrangement (100) according to claim 1, wherein the composite pane (10) is arranged at a distance of less than 100 mm, preferably 10 mm to 80 mm, particularly preferably 20 mm to 60 mm, from the light outlet opening (31) of the housing (30). . Projection arrangement (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composite pane (10) has a size of 5 cm 2 to 50 cm 2 , particularly preferably 15 cm 2 to 40 cm 2 . Projection arrangement (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, the housing (30) comprising at least one mirror (32) by means of which a light beam generated by the projector (20) can be directed along a light path (40) in such a way that it passes through the Light outlet opening (31) hits the laminated pane (10). Projection arrangement (100) according to claim 4, wherein the light path (40) has at least a first section (41) between the projector (20) and a mirror (32) and a second section (42) between a mirror (32) and the composite pane ( 10) and wherein at least a third section (43) of the light path (40) lies between the first section (41) and the second section (42). Projection arrangement (100) according to Claim 5, the second section (42) of the light path (40) being inclined towards the floor surface of the motor vehicle when the projection arrangement (100) is installed in a motor vehicle. Projection arrangement (100) according to one of claims 5 or 6, wherein the second section (42) of the light path (40) has an angle of up to 15° to 85°, preferably from 20° to 60°, to the adjacent first section (41) or third section (43) occupies. Projection arrangement (100) according to one of claims 4 to 7, wherein at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably at least 90% of the length of the light path (40) run within the housing (30). Projection arrangement (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, the composite pane (10) having a maximum luminance factor of between 0.1 and 0.8, preferably between 0.3 and 0.6 and for a real image generated in the plane of the composite pane has an intrinsic viewing angle α greater than 60° in a first direction and greater than 30° in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Projection arrangement (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the
Lichtauslassöffnung (31) durch eine Blende (33) kaschiert ist. Projektionsanordnung (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei dieLight outlet opening (31) is laminated by an aperture (33). Projection arrangement (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the
Verbundscheibe (10) zwischen der betrachterseitigen Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe (1) und der projektorseitigen Oberfläche (III) der zweiten Scheibe (2) die diffus reflektierende Schicht (5) umfasst und die diffus reflektierende Schicht (5) Mikropartikel, bevorzugt Siliziumdioxid-Mikropartikel, polymere Mikropartikel und/oder Flüssigkristallmikropartikel umfasst. Projektionsanordnung (100) nach Anspruch 11 , wobei die Mikropartikel kugelförmig sind und eine reflektierende Oberfläche aufweisen. Projektionsanordnung (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (3) zumindest eine erste thermoplastische Verbundfolie (3.1) und eine zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie (3.2) umfasst und die erste thermoplastische Verbundfolie (3.1) und/oder die zweite thermoplastische Verbundfolie (3.2) Polyvinylbutyral, Polyurethan und/oder Ethylenvinylacetat, bevorzugt Polyvinylbutyral, besonders bevorzugt getöntes Polyvinylbutyral enthalten. Composite pane (10) between the viewer-side surface (II) of the first pane (1) and the projector-side surface (III) of the second pane (2) comprises the diffusely reflecting layer (5) and the diffusely reflecting layer (5) microparticles, preferably silicon dioxide -Microparticles, polymeric microparticles and/or liquid crystal microparticles. Projection arrangement (100) according to claim 11, wherein the microparticles are spherical and have a reflective surface. Projection arrangement (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) at least a first thermoplastic Composite film (3.1) and a second thermoplastic composite film (3.2) and the first thermoplastic composite film (3.1) and/or the second thermoplastic composite film (3.2) contain polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane and/or ethylene vinyl acetate, preferably polyvinyl butyral, particularly preferably tinted polyvinyl butyral.
14. Projektionsanordnung (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, wobei die erste Scheibe (1) und/oder die zweite Scheibe (2) Glas oder transparente Kunststoffe, bevorzugt Glas, Polycarbonat und/oder Polymethylmetharylat umfassen. 15. Fahrzeug umfassend eine Projektionsanordnung (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis14. Projection arrangement (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the first pane (1) and/or the second pane (2) comprise glass or transparent plastics, preferably glass, polycarbonate and/or polymethyl methacrylate. 15. Vehicle comprising a projection arrangement (100) according to any one of claims 1 to
14, wobei das Gehäuse (30) innerhalb des Armaturenbrettes, der vorderen Mittelkonsole oder der hinteren Mittelkonsole im Fahrzeug integriert ist. 14, wherein the housing (30) is integrated within the dashboard, the front center console or the rear center console in the vehicle.
PCT/EP2022/070528 2021-08-17 2022-07-21 Projection arrangement for a motor vehicle WO2023020778A1 (en)

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EP2670594A1 (en) 2011-01-31 2013-12-11 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparent element with diffuse reflection
EP2856256A1 (en) 2012-05-25 2015-04-08 Saint-Gobain Glass France Method for projection or back-projection onto glass comprising a transparent layered element having diffuse reflection properties
WO2016175183A1 (en) 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 富士フイルム株式会社 Transparent screen
EP3151062A1 (en) 2014-06-02 2017-04-05 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Video projection structure, production method for video projection structure, video projection method, and automobile window
WO2017204103A1 (en) 2016-05-24 2017-11-30 富士フイルム株式会社 Transparent film, transparent screen, image display system, and transparent poster
WO2021107061A1 (en) 2019-11-28 2021-06-03 積水化学工業株式会社 Intermediate film for laminated glass, laminated glass, and image display system
WO2021107062A1 (en) 2019-11-28 2021-06-03 積水化学工業株式会社 Interlayer film for laminated glass, laminated glass, and image display system
WO2021139995A1 (en) 2020-01-06 2021-07-15 Saint-Gobain Glass France Glass vehicle side window and partition window with active projection transparent screen

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EP2670594A1 (en) 2011-01-31 2013-12-11 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparent element with diffuse reflection
EP2856256A1 (en) 2012-05-25 2015-04-08 Saint-Gobain Glass France Method for projection or back-projection onto glass comprising a transparent layered element having diffuse reflection properties
EP3151062A1 (en) 2014-06-02 2017-04-05 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Video projection structure, production method for video projection structure, video projection method, and automobile window
WO2016175183A1 (en) 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 富士フイルム株式会社 Transparent screen
WO2017204103A1 (en) 2016-05-24 2017-11-30 富士フイルム株式会社 Transparent film, transparent screen, image display system, and transparent poster
WO2021107061A1 (en) 2019-11-28 2021-06-03 積水化学工業株式会社 Intermediate film for laminated glass, laminated glass, and image display system
WO2021107062A1 (en) 2019-11-28 2021-06-03 積水化学工業株式会社 Interlayer film for laminated glass, laminated glass, and image display system
WO2021139995A1 (en) 2020-01-06 2021-07-15 Saint-Gobain Glass France Glass vehicle side window and partition window with active projection transparent screen

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HSU, C. W. ET AL.: "Transparent displays enabled by resonant nanoparticle scattering", NAT. COMMUN., vol. 5, 2014, pages 3152

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