WO2023019741A1 - Procédé de préparation de collecteur de courant et pièce polaire - Google Patents

Procédé de préparation de collecteur de courant et pièce polaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023019741A1
WO2023019741A1 PCT/CN2021/128165 CN2021128165W WO2023019741A1 WO 2023019741 A1 WO2023019741 A1 WO 2023019741A1 CN 2021128165 W CN2021128165 W CN 2021128165W WO 2023019741 A1 WO2023019741 A1 WO 2023019741A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current collector
metal foil
area
microporous
micropores
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/128165
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
青勇
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深圳市西盟特电子有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市西盟特电子有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市西盟特电子有限公司
Publication of WO2023019741A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023019741A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a current collector and a pole piece.
  • the current collectors of positive and negative electrodes generally use copper and aluminum foil.
  • the main function of the current collector is to gather the current generated by the active material of the battery to form a larger current output. Therefore, the current collector should be in full contact with the active material, and the internal resistance should be as low as possible. Maybe small is better.
  • the traditional method of making electrode pole pieces is to directly attach the active material to the current collector through a certain amount of binder.
  • the combination of the active material and the current collector is a simple mechanical combination, and the effective contact area of the active material is limited, thereby increasing the The contact internal resistance between the active material and the current collector.
  • the existing common current collector preparation method is generally to form a microporous structure on the surface of the entire metal foil, and then slice it according to the size of the pole piece to be used to obtain a current collector with a preset width, and then The current collector is coated with active slurry, dried and other processes to obtain the pole piece.
  • this method is used for slicing, it is easy to pass through the micro-holes on the pole piece, and it is easy to form tears at the micro-holes, resulting in uneven outer edges of the pole piece, resulting in defects such as broken belts caused by force in subsequent operations such as rolling. Phenomenon.
  • the present invention provides a preparation method of the current collector and a pole piece.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing a current collector, comprising the following steps:
  • S1 preset a plurality of microporous areas and a plurality of unperforated areas on the metal foil, and a plurality of said microporous areas are arranged side by side, wherein a single said unperforated area is arranged between two adjacent microporous areas
  • the hole areas are arranged at intervals, and a number of micro holes through the metal foil are opened on the micro hole area, and no micro holes are opened in the non-perforated area;
  • the width of the non-perforated area is 1-30 mm.
  • the pitch of the microholes is 1-5mm.
  • the porosity of the current collector is 0.0003%-3.5%.
  • the current collector is aluminum foil or copper foil; the thickness of the current collector is 2-100 ⁇ m.
  • the "opening a number of micropores through the metal foil on the micropore area of the metal foil” includes:
  • Micropores distributed in a regular matrix throughout the metal foil are opened in the micropore area of the metal foil by mechanical drilling.
  • the present invention also provides a pole piece, comprising the current collector prepared by the above preparation method and an active material layer on the surface of the current collector.
  • the present invention ensures that the positive and negative electrode slurry can be evenly coated on the microporous current collector by opening micropores through the current collector, and the coating does not leak, the pole piece has good flexibility, and the use of the microporous current collector
  • the foil material of the same specification it can reduce the weight of the foil material and increase the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the setting of micropores can increase the bonding area between the active material and the foil material, and effectively improve the infiltration efficiency of the lithium-ion battery electrolyte and moisture drying efficiency, while reducing the internal resistance of the foil, increasing the charge and discharge rate and production capacity of the battery.
  • a non-perforated area is set between two adjacent micro-hole areas, and the subsequent cutting is carried out along the un-perforated area without micro-holes, which effectively ensures the flatness of the edge of the pole piece and avoids direct cutting of the micro-porous structure
  • the problem of broken belts caused by the belt further improves product quality and production efficiency.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a metal foil provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal foil provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a current collector provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a current collector provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a pole piece along the width direction provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Metal foil 101, microporous area; 102, non-perforated area; 103, micropore; 2, current collector; 3, pole piece; 4, active material layer.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a current collector, which includes the following steps:
  • S1 preset a plurality of microporous areas 101 and a plurality of non-perforated areas 102 on the metal foil 1, and a plurality of the microporous areas 101 are arranged side by side, wherein two adjacent microporous areas 101 are separated by The single unperforated area 102 is arranged at intervals, and a number of micropores 103 penetrating the metal foil are opened on the microporous area 101, and no micropores are opened in the unperforated area 102;
  • the microporous area 101 on the metal foil 1 by setting the microporous area 101 on the metal foil 1, it is ensured that the positive and negative electrode slurry can be evenly coated on the microporous current collector, and the coating does not leak, the pole piece has good flexibility, and the use of the microporous current collector
  • the weight of the foil material can be reduced, and the energy density of the battery cell can be increased.
  • the setting of the micropore 103 can increase the bonding area between the active material and the metal foil 1, and effectively improve the electrolyte strength of the lithium-ion battery.
  • the wetting efficiency and moisture drying efficiency improve the adhesion between the active material and the current collector, reduce the interface resistance, thereby reducing the internal resistance of the battery, and improving the charge and discharge rate and production capacity of the battery.
  • the metal foil 1 is provided with non-perforated areas 102 at the edges of both sides along the length direction of the microporous area 101, to further ensure that each piece of current collector obtained by cutting Both sides of the current collector 2 contain unperforated regions 102, which avoids the occurrence of broken bands in the subsequent radiation pressure process due to the microporous structure at the edge of the current collector 2.
  • the width of the unperforated area 102 is 1-30 mm.
  • the width of the unperforated area 102 is less than 1 mm, since the width of the unperforated area 102 is too small, and the blade of the cutting device has a certain width, it is easy to cause the subsequent cutting of the metal foil 1 to accidentally cut into the microporous area 101, thereby causing problems such as broken bands. If the width of the unperforated area 102 is greater than 30mm, due to the increase in the area of the unperforated area 102, on the one hand, the area of the microporous area 101 will decrease, and the area of the microporous area 101 will be too large.
  • the setting is too wide
  • the unperforated area 102 will cause waste of raw materials and increase the production cost, so the width of the unperforated area 102 is preferably 1-30 mm.
  • the diameter of the micropores 103 is 10-200 ⁇ m.
  • the pore diameter of the micropores 103 is less than 10 ⁇ m, it is not conducive to the coating of the active material layer, and the bonding area between the active material layer and the current collector cannot be effectively increased, which may easily cause blockage of the active material material and affect the ion conduction of the current collector 2. / Conductivity, thereby affecting the function of the battery cell. If the pore size of the micropore 103 is greater than 200 ⁇ m, the too large pore size will easily reduce the mechanical properties of the current collector and reduce the stability and safety of the pole piece.
  • the pitch of the microholes 103 is 1-5 mm.
  • the hole spacing within the above range is conducive to maintaining high mechanical strength of the current collector, further improving the safety and stability of the pole piece.
  • the porosity of the current collector 2 is 0.0003%-3.5%.
  • the porosity of the current collector 2 When the porosity of the current collector 2 is greater than 3.5%, it is not conducive to the improvement of the energy density of the battery, and at the same time, the current collector is prone to broken belts during the subsequent high-strength tension stretching and rolling process, resulting in low production and processing efficiency; the current collector When the porosity of 2 is less than 0.0003%, the lithium ion diffusion path is few, the transmission is limited, and the charge and discharge rate of the battery, the infiltration efficiency of the electrolyte and the volatilization efficiency of water cannot be improved.
  • the current collector 2 is aluminum foil or copper foil; the thickness of the current collector is 2-100 ⁇ m.
  • the positive electrode sheet of lithium-ion battery uses aluminum foil as the current collector, and the negative electrode sheet uses copper foil as the current collector.
  • the current collector 2 within the above thickness range can not only maintain a high mechanical strength, but also ensure that the active material layer smoothly penetrates the micropores 103, and increase the bonding area with the current collector 2, which is conducive to improving the electrolyte of lithium-ion batteries. Wetting efficiency and water evaporation efficiency improve the charge and discharge rate and production capacity of the battery.
  • the "opening a number of micropores 103 penetrating through the metal foil 1 on the micropore region 101 of the metal foil 1" includes:
  • a number of micropores 103 distributed in a regular matrix throughout the metal foil 1 are opened in the micropore area 101 of the metal foil 1 by means of mechanical drilling.
  • the microholes 103 are formed by mechanical drilling, which keeps the original physical and chemical properties of the metal foil 1 unchanged, and at the same time maintains high elongation and tensile strength.
  • the micropores 103 are arranged in a regular matrix distribution, which can ensure the uniformity of the hole spacing, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the positive and negative slurry coating, and improving the charging and discharging performance of the battery.
  • the width of the microporous region 101 is designed according to the size of the current collector 2 required for actual production, and there is no special limitation on the width of the microporous region 101 here.
  • the present invention also provides a pole piece 3 , including the above-mentioned current collector 2 and an active material layer 4 on the surface of the current collector 2 .
  • the active material layer 4 generally includes active material materials, conductive agents, binders, etc.
  • the specific materials of the active material layer are commonly used materials in the field, which can be added according to actual needs, and are not particularly limited here. 2.
  • the active material layers on the two surfaces are connected by micropores 103, showing an "I"-shaped occlusal structure, which significantly increases the bonding area between the current collector 2 and the active material layer 4.
  • the micropores 103 provide electrolyte and ion migration.
  • the channels are opened to further improve the electrolyte infiltration efficiency and moisture drying efficiency, as well as the battery charge and discharge rate and production capacity.
  • the surface of the current collector in the non-perforated area 102 can be coated with an active material layer or not coated with an active material layer. Whether the surface of the current collector in the non-perforated area 102 needs to be coated with an active material Layers are determined according to actual needs, and are not specifically limited here.
  • This example is used to illustrate the preparation method of the current collector disclosed in the present invention, which includes the following steps:
  • S1 Take an aluminum foil with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m, set a micro-hole area and an un-perforated area on the aluminum foil at intervals as shown in Figure 1, wherein the width of the un-perforated area is 15 mm, and use a punching device to drill holes mechanically In the micropore area, a number of micropores distributed in a regular matrix through the aluminum foil are opened, wherein the pore diameter is 80 ⁇ m, the pore spacing is 2 mm, and the porosity is 2.0%;
  • This example is used to illustrate the preparation method of the current collector disclosed in the present invention, which includes the following steps:
  • S1 Take a copper foil with a thickness of 30 ⁇ m, set a micro-hole area and an unperforated area on the copper foil at intervals as shown in Figure 2, wherein the width of the un-perforated area is 20mm, use a punching device, and drill through a machine In the micropore area, a number of micropores distributed in a regular matrix through the copper foil are opened in the micropore area, wherein the pore diameter is 100 ⁇ m, the hole spacing is 4mm, and the porosity is 0.0008%;
  • the current collector A is taken, the positive electrode slurry is coated on the microporous area of the current collector A, and the electrode sheet A is obtained by drying and rolling.
  • the current collector B is taken, the negative electrode slurry is coated on the microporous area of the current collector B, and the electrode sheet B is obtained by drying and rolling.
  • This comparative example is used to compare and illustrate the preparation method of the current collector disclosed by the present invention and the pole piece, including the following steps:
  • This comparative example is used to compare and illustrate the preparation method of the current collector disclosed by the present invention and the pole piece, including the following steps:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

Afin de résoudre le problème selon lequel les collecteurs de courant de batterie au lithium existants sont susceptibles de se briser pendant la préparation, la présente invention concerne un procédé de préparation de collecteur de courant, comprenant les étapes suivantes : S1 : la préconfiguration d'une pluralité de régions microporeuses et d'une pluralité de régions non perforées sur une feuille métallique, la pluralité de régions microporeuses étant disposées côte à côte, deux régions microporeuses adjacentes étant séparées par une seule région non perforée, une pluralité de micropores traversant la feuille métallique étant formés dans les régions microporeuses, et aucun micropore n'étant formé dans les régions non perforées ; et S2 : la découpe de la feuille métallique perforée dans les régions non perforées le long de la direction d'extension de celles-ci pour obtenir une pluralité de collecteurs de courant. Par la formation de micropores traversant un collecteur de courant dans le collecteur de courant, la zone de liaison entre un matériau actif et une feuille est augmentée, l'efficacité d'infiltration et l'efficacité de séchage de l'humidité de l'électrolyte d'une batterie au lithium-ion sont améliorées, et la vitesse de charge-décharge et la productivité de la batterie sont améliorées ; et la découpe le long des régions non perforées dans lesquelles aucun micropore n'est formé évite le problème de la rupture qui est facilement provoquée par la découpe directe d'une structure microporeuse, ce qui permet d'améliorer la qualité du produit et le rendement de la production.
PCT/CN2021/128165 2021-08-19 2021-11-02 Procédé de préparation de collecteur de courant et pièce polaire WO2023019741A1 (fr)

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CN202110956835.4A CN113764676A (zh) 2021-08-19 2021-08-19 一种集流体的制备方法及极片
CN202110956835.4 2021-08-19

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CN114551787B (zh) * 2022-02-18 2024-04-26 星恒电源股份有限公司 一种锂电池正极片及其制备方法
WO2024020835A1 (fr) * 2022-07-27 2024-02-01 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Collecteur de courant, feuille d'électrode, batterie, dispositif électrique et procédé de fabrication de feuille d'électrode

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CN202172103U (zh) * 2011-07-19 2012-03-21 广州市云通磁电有限公司 一种大电流镍氢电池氢氧化镍正极极片
JP2013163866A (ja) * 2013-05-13 2013-08-22 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd 金属箔シートの製造方法
WO2018119956A1 (fr) * 2016-12-29 2018-07-05 深圳深科先进投资管理有限公司 Anode à feuille d'aluminium poreux et son procédé de préparation, et batterie secondaire au lithium
CN210805921U (zh) * 2019-08-22 2020-06-19 东莞塔菲尔新能源科技有限公司 一种集流体箔材及极片
CN211125821U (zh) * 2019-08-30 2020-07-28 长沙锂安能电子科技有限公司 一种高性能三维预涂集流体

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