WO2023015877A1 - 一种带新型挡位选择电路的电机控制器及bldc电机 - Google Patents

一种带新型挡位选择电路的电机控制器及bldc电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023015877A1
WO2023015877A1 PCT/CN2022/079834 CN2022079834W WO2023015877A1 WO 2023015877 A1 WO2023015877 A1 WO 2023015877A1 CN 2022079834 W CN2022079834 W CN 2022079834W WO 2023015877 A1 WO2023015877 A1 WO 2023015877A1
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Prior art keywords
motor
capacitor
gear
resistor
signal input
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张先胜
边文清
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Zhongshan Broad Ocean Motor Co Ltd
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Zhongshan Broad Ocean Motor Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2023015877A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023015877A1/zh
Priority to US18/387,050 priority Critical patent/US12368403B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/20—Arrangements for starting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
    • H02P23/14—Estimation or adaptation of motor parameters, e.g. rotor time constant, flux, speed, current or voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/19—Improvement of gear change, e.g. by synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
    • H02P25/03—Synchronous motors with brushless excitation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/24—Arrangements for stopping

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to a motor controller and a BLDC motor with a novel gear selection circuit.
  • the control main control board of a general HVAC system controls the BLDC motor through multiple relay switching signals (0-24VAC), so that the BLDC motor can operate in different modes (such as heating, cooling, etc.) , air supply, dehumidification, etc.) operation, the 24VAC signal is susceptible to grid fluctuations or interference, and the voltage range is large. In severe cases, the corresponding air conditioning mode cannot be turned on, or the air conditioning mode that should not be turned on is turned on by mistake, resulting in the failure of the air conditioner. .
  • This utility model is to provide a motor controller and a BLDC motor with a new gear selection circuit, which can solve the problem that the multi-channel 0-24VAC relay switch signals output by the HVAC system in the prior art are easily affected by grid fluctuations or interference.
  • the voltage variation range is large, leading to technical problems of inaccurate or even invalid BLDC motor control.
  • a motor controller with a new gear selection circuit including a gear selection circuit, a microprocessor MCU and an inverter circuit.
  • the gear signals of several channels are processed by the gear selection circuit and sent to the microprocessor MCU.
  • the MCU output signal controls the work of the inverter circuit, the output end of the inverter circuit is connected to the coil winding of the stator assembly of the motor, and it is characterized in that: the gear position selection circuit includes several motor start signal input circuits and several motor stop signal input circuits, Each gear signal M is divided into two and input to a motor start signal input circuit and a motor stop signal input circuit respectively, and then the motor start signal input circuit and the motor stop signal input circuit respectively output two road level signals IO-a and IO-b to the microprocessor MCU, and the microprocessor MCU determines the start-stop state of the motor according to the values of the two-way level signals IO-a and IO-b.
  • the above-mentioned motor start signal input circuit has a threshold voltage U1, and the motor stop signal input circuit has a threshold voltage U2. There is a potential difference between the threshold voltage U1 and the threshold voltage U2.
  • IO-a is a high-level signal
  • IO-a is a low-level signal
  • IO-b is High-level signal
  • IO-b is a low-level signal.
  • the above motor starting signal input circuit includes a resistor R3, a capacitor C5, a diode D1, a voltage regulator tube ZD1, a transistor Q1, an optocoupler isolation chip U10, a capacitor C1, and a resistor R2.
  • One input pin 1a, the collector of the triode Q1 is connected to the second input pin 2a of the optocoupler isolation chip U10, the emitter of the triode Q1 is grounded, one end of the resistor R3 connected in series with the Zener tube ZD1 is connected to the base of the triode Q1, and the resistor
  • the other end of R3 connected in series with Zener tube ZD1 is connected to one end of capacitor C5, the other end of capacitor C5 is grounded, the gear signal M is connected to one end of capacitor C5 through diode D1, and the parallel connection of capacitor C1 and resistor R2 is connected to The third output pin 3a of the optocoupler isolation chip U10, the other end of the parallel connection of the capacitor C1 and the resistor R2 is grounded.
  • the parameters of the resistor R3 and the voltage regulator tube ZD1 above define the threshold voltage U1.
  • the gear signal M charges the capacitor C5 through the diode D1
  • the transistor Q1 is turned on, so that the light
  • the first input pin 1a, the second input pin 2a of the coupling isolation chip U10 form a path with the transistor Q1, and the optocoupler isolation chip U10 outputs a high-level signal IO-a;
  • the transistor Q1 disconnect, so that the first input pin 1a, the second input pin 2a of the optocoupler isolation chip U10 and the transistor Q1 do not form a path, and the optocoupler isolation chip U10 outputs a low-level signal IO-a.
  • the above motor shutdown signal input circuit includes a resistor R10, a capacitor C6, a diode D3, a voltage regulator tube ZD2, a transistor Q2, an optocoupler isolation chip U20, a capacitor C3 and a resistor R9, and the gear signal M is connected to the first pin of the optocoupler isolation chip U20
  • One input pin 1b, the collector of the triode Q2 is connected to the optocoupler isolation chip U20, the second input pin 2b, the emitter of the triode Q2 is grounded, one end of the resistor R10 connected in series with the Zener tube ZD2 is connected to the base of the triode Q2, and the resistor R10
  • the other end of the voltage regulator tube ZD2 in series is connected to one end of the capacitor C6, the other end of the capacitor C6 is grounded, the gear signal M is connected to one end of the capacitor C6 through the diode D3, and the parallel connection of the capacitor C3 and the resistor R9 is connected to the light
  • the parameters of the resistor R10 and the Zener tube ZD2 above define the threshold voltage U2.
  • the gear signal M charges the capacitor C6 through the diode D3
  • the transistor Q2 is turned on to make the light
  • the first input pin 1b, the second input pin 2b of the coupling isolation chip U20 form a path with the transistor Q2, and the optocoupler isolation chip U20 outputs a high-level signal IO-b;
  • the triode Q2 is disconnected, so that the first input pin 1b, the second input pin 2b of the optocoupler isolation chip U20 and the transistor Q2 do not form a path, and the optocoupler isolation chip U20 outputs a low-level signal IO-b.
  • the aforementioned threshold voltage U1 is greater than the threshold voltage U2.
  • a BLDC motor includes a motor and a motor controller, and the motor includes a stator, a rotor and a casing, and is characterized in that the motor controller adopts the above-mentioned motor controller with a new gear selection circuit.
  • Each gear signal M of the utility model is divided into two and input to the motor start signal input circuit and the motor stop signal input circuit respectively, and the motor start signal input circuit and the motor stop signal input circuit respectively output two road level signals IO- a and IO-b;
  • the motor start signal input circuit has a threshold voltage U1
  • the motor stop signal input circuit has a threshold voltage U2, and there is a potential difference between the threshold voltage U1 and the threshold voltage U2;
  • the microprocessor MCU according to the two circuits The value of the flat signal IO-a and IO-b determines the start-stop state of the motor.
  • the microprocessor MCU detects the level status of the two IO ports corresponding to each gear signal, and determines which voltage range the actual voltage value of the gear signal is in, and then realizes precise voltage threshold control start and stop, and improves reliability.
  • Fig. 1 is the connection block diagram of HVAC system and BLDC motor in the prior art
  • Fig. 2 is the principle block diagram that the utility model embodiment one provides;
  • Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a gear selection circuit corresponding to one input gear signal in Embodiment 1 of the utility model;
  • Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram corresponding to Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram corresponding to the optocoupler isolation chip in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a circuit block diagram of the second embodiment of the utility model.
  • a motor controller with a new gear selection circuit including a gear selection circuit, a microprocessor MCU and an inverter circuit, several
  • the gear signal of the road is sent to the microprocessor MCU through the processing of the gear selection circuit, and the output signal of the microprocessor MCU controls the work of the inverter circuit, and the output end of the inverter circuit is connected to the coil winding of the stator assembly of the motor, which is characterized in that:
  • the gear selection circuit includes several motor start signal input circuits and several motor stop signal input circuits.
  • Each gear signal M is divided into two and input to a motor start signal input circuit and a motor stop signal input circuit respectively, and then the motor
  • the start signal input circuit and the motor stop signal input circuit respectively output two-way level signals IO-a and IO-b to the microprocessor MCU, and the microprocessor MCU Determine the start and stop status of the motor.
  • the above-mentioned motor start signal input circuit has a threshold voltage U1, and the motor stop signal input circuit has a threshold voltage U2. There is a potential difference between the threshold voltage U1 and the threshold voltage U2.
  • IO-a is a high-level signal
  • IO-a is a low-level signal
  • IO-b is High-level signal
  • IO-b is a low-level signal.
  • the above motor starting signal input circuit includes a resistor R3, a capacitor C5, a diode D1, a voltage regulator tube ZD1, a transistor Q1, an optocoupler isolation chip U10, a capacitor C1, and a resistor R2.
  • One input pin 1a, the collector of the triode Q1 is connected to the second input pin 2a of the optocoupler isolation chip U10, the emitter of the triode Q1 is grounded, one end of the resistor R3 connected in series with the Zener tube ZD1 is connected to the base of the triode Q1, and the resistor
  • the other end of R3 connected in series with Zener tube ZD1 is connected to one end of capacitor C5, the other end of capacitor C5 is grounded, the gear signal M is connected to one end of capacitor C5 through diode D1, and the parallel connection of capacitor C1 and resistor R2 is connected to The third output pin 3a of the optocoupler isolation chip U10, the other end of the parallel connection of the capacitor C1 and the resistor R2 is grounded.
  • the parameters of the resistor R3 and the voltage regulator tube ZD1 above define the threshold voltage U1.
  • the gear signal M charges the capacitor C5 through the diode D1
  • the transistor Q1 is turned on, so that the light
  • the first input pin 1a, the second input pin 2a of the coupling isolation chip U10 form a path with the transistor Q1, and the optocoupler isolation chip U10 outputs a high-level signal IO-a;
  • the transistor Q1 disconnect, so that the first input pin 1a, the second input pin 2a of the optocoupler isolation chip U10 and the transistor Q1 do not form a path, and the optocoupler isolation chip U10 outputs a low-level signal IO-a.
  • the above motor shutdown signal input circuit includes a resistor R10, a capacitor C6, a diode D3, a voltage regulator tube ZD2, a transistor Q2, an optocoupler isolation chip U20, a capacitor C3 and a resistor R9, and the gear signal M is connected to the first pin of the optocoupler isolation chip U20
  • One input pin 1b, the collector of the triode Q2 is connected to the optocoupler isolation chip U20, the second input pin 2b, the emitter of the triode Q2 is grounded, one end of the resistor R10 connected in series with the Zener tube ZD2 is connected to the base of the triode Q2, and the resistor R10
  • the other end of the voltage regulator tube ZD2 in series is connected to one end of the capacitor C6, the other end of the capacitor C6 is grounded, the gear signal M is connected to one end of the capacitor C6 through the diode D3, and the parallel connection of the capacitor C3 and the resistor R9 is connected to the light
  • the parameters of the resistor R10 and the Zener tube ZD2 above define the threshold voltage U2.
  • the gear signal M charges the capacitor C6 through the diode D3
  • the transistor Q2 is turned on to make the light
  • the first input pin 1b, the second input pin 2b of the coupling isolation chip U20 form a path with the transistor Q2, and the optocoupler isolation chip U20 outputs a high-level signal IO-b;
  • the triode Q2 is disconnected, so that the first input pin 1b, the second input pin 2b of the optocoupler isolation chip U20 and the transistor Q2 do not form a path, and the optocoupler isolation chip U20 outputs a low-level signal IO-b.
  • the aforementioned threshold voltage U1 is greater than the threshold voltage U2.
  • each gear signal M is divided into two and input to the motor start signal input circuit and the motor stop signal input circuit respectively, and the motor start signal input circuit and the motor stop signal input circuit respectively output two road level signals IO-a and IO-b;
  • the motor start signal input circuit has a threshold voltage U1
  • the motor stop signal input circuit has a threshold voltage U2, and there is a potential difference between the threshold voltage U1 and the threshold voltage U2;
  • the microprocessor MCU according to the two The value of the road level signal IO-a and IO-b determines the start and stop state of the motor.
  • the microprocessor MCU detects the level status of the two IO ports corresponding to each gear signal, and determines which voltage range the actual voltage value of the gear signal is in, and then realizes precise voltage threshold control start and stop, and improves reliability.
  • the structure of the optocoupler isolation chip U20 is the same as that of the optocoupler isolation chip U10 , as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • This embodiment is an improvement on the basis of Embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 6, the gear signals of several roads refer to 2 road gear signals M1 and M2, there are 2 motor start signal input circuits and 2 Motor stop signal input circuit.
  • the motor start signal input circuit and the motor stop signal input circuit connected to the gear signal M1 output two-way level signals IO1 and IO2 to the 2 I/0 ports of the microprocessor MCU;
  • the motor start signal input circuit and the motor stop signal input circuit connected to the gear signal M2 output two-way level signals IO3 and IO4 to the other two I/0 ports of the microprocessor MCU. Then the precise start and stop of the motor can be realized through the logic truth table.
  • the microprocessor MCU determines that the actual voltage of the M1 gear is higher than 12VAC (threshold voltage U1), and the M1 gear operates;
  • the microprocessor MCU determines that the actual voltage of M1 gear is lower than 6VAC (threshold voltage U2), and M1 gear stops;
  • the microprocessor MCU determines that the actual voltage of M1 gear is between 6-12VAC, and M1 gear stops;
  • the microprocessor MCU determines that the actual voltage of the M2 gear is higher than 12VAC, and the M2 gear operates;
  • the microprocessor MCU determines that the actual voltage of the M2 gear is lower than 6VAC, and the M2 gear stops;
  • This embodiment provides a BLDC motor, including a motor and a motor controller.
  • the motor includes a stator, a rotor and a casing. Select the motor controller for the circuit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种带挡位选择电路的电机控制器及BLDC电机，包括挡位选择电路、微处理器MCU和逆变电路，每一路挡位信号M一分为二分别输入到电机启动信号输入电路和电机停机信号输入电路，电机启动信号输入电路和电机停机信号输入电路分别输出两路电平信号IO-a和IO-b到微处理器MCU；电机启动信号输入电路带有门槛电压U1，电机停机信号输入电路带有门槛电压U2，门槛电压U1与门槛电压U2之间带有电位差；微处理器MCU根据两路电平信号IO-a和IO-b的值来决定电机的启停状态。它能实现精确的启停控制，可靠性高。

Description

一种带新型挡位选择电路的电机控制器及BLDC电机 技术领域：
本实用新型涉及一种带新型挡位选择电路的电机控制器及BLDC电机。
背景技术：
如图1所示，一般HVAC系统(即暖通空调设备)的控制主控板上通过多路继电器开关信号(0-24VAC)来控制BLDC电机，使BLDC电机在不同模式(如制热，制冷，送风，除湿等)运行，24VAC信号容易受电网波动或干扰，电压变化范围较大，严重情况下，无法打开对应的空调模式，或者不该开的空调模式误打开，导致空调的功能失效。
发明内容：
本实用新型的目的是提供一种带新型挡位选择电路的电机控制器及BLDC电机，能解决现有技术中的HVAC系统输出的多路0-24VAC继电器开关信号，容易受电网波动或干扰，电压变化范围较大，导致BLDC电机控制不精确甚至失效的技术问题。
本实用新型的目的是通过下述技术方案予以实现的：
一种带新型挡位选择电路的电机控制器，包括挡位选择电路、微处理器MCU和逆变电路，若干路的挡位信号经过挡位选择电路的处理送到微处理器MCU，微处理器MCU输出信号控制逆变电路工作，逆变电路的输出端连接电机的定子组件的线圈绕组，其特征在于：挡位选择电路包括若干个电机启动信号输入电路和若干个电机停机信号输入电路，每一路挡位信号M一分为二分别输入到一个电机启动信号输入电路和一个电机停机信号输入电路，然后电机启动信号输入电路和电机停机信号输入电路分别输出两路电平信号IO-a和IO-b到微处理器MCU，微处理器MCU根据两路电平信号IO-a和IO-b的值来决定电机的启停状态。
上述电机启动信号输入电路带有门槛电压U1，电机停机信号输入电路带有门槛电压U2，门槛电压U1与门槛电压U2之间带有电位差，当挡位信号M的电压值大于门槛电压U1时，IO-a是高电平信号；挡位信号M的电压值小于门槛电 压U1时，IO-a是低电平信号；当挡位信号M的电压值大于门槛电压U2时，IO-b是高电平信号；挡位信号M的电压值小于门槛电压U2时，IO-b是低电平信号。
上述的电机启动信号输入电路包括电阻R3、电容C5、二极管D1、稳压管ZD1、三极管Q1、光耦隔离芯片U10、电容C1和电阻R2，挡位信号M连接到光耦隔离芯片U10的第一输入脚1a，三极管Q1的集电极连接光耦隔离芯片U10的第二输入脚2a，三极管Q1的发射极接地，电阻R3与稳压管ZD1串联后的一端与三极管Q1的基极连接，电阻R3与稳压管ZD1串联后的另一端与电容C5的一端连接，电容C5的另一端接地，挡位信号M通过二极管D1与电容C5的一端连接，电容C1和电阻R2并联后的一端连接在光耦隔离芯片U10的第三输出脚3a，电容C1和电阻R2并联后的另一端接地。
上述的电阻R3与稳压管ZD1的参数定义了门槛电压U1，挡位信号M通过二极管D1对电容C5进行充电时，当电容C5的端电压大于门槛电压U1时，三极管Q1导通，使光耦隔离芯片U10的第一输入脚1a、第二输入脚2a和三极管Q1形成通路，光耦隔离芯片U10输出高电平信号IO-a；当电容C5的端电压小于门槛电压U1时，三极管Q1断开，使光耦隔离芯片U10的第一输入脚1a、第二输入脚2a和三极管Q1没有形成通路，光耦隔离芯片U10输出低电平信号IO-a。
上述的电机停机信号输入电路包括电阻R10、电容C6、二极管D3、稳压管ZD2、三极管Q2、光耦隔离芯片U20、电容C3和电阻R9，挡位信号M连接到光耦隔离芯片U20的第一输入脚1b，三极管Q2的集电极连接光耦隔离芯片U20第二输入脚2b，三极管Q2的发射极接地，电阻R10与稳压管ZD2串联后的一端与三极管Q2的基极连接，电阻R10与稳压管ZD2串联后的另一端与电容C6的一端连接，电容C6的另一端接地，挡位信号M通过二极管D3与电容C6的一端连接,电容C3和电阻R9并联后的一端连接在光耦隔离芯片U20的第三输出脚3b，电容C3和电阻R9并联后的另一端接地。
上述的电阻R10与稳压管ZD2的参数定义了门槛电压U2，挡位信号M通过二极管D3对电容C6进行充电时，当电容C6的端电压大于门槛电压U2时，三 极管Q2导通，使光耦隔离芯片U20的第一输入脚1b、第二输入脚2b和三极管Q2形成通路，光耦隔离芯片U20输出高电平信号IO-b；当电容C6的端电压小于上位门槛电压U2时，三极管Q2断开，使光耦隔离芯片U20的第一输入脚1b、第二输入脚2b和三极管Q2没有形成通路，光耦隔离芯片U20输出低电平信号IO-b。
上述的门槛电压U1大于门槛电压U2。
上述的若干路的挡位信号是指2路挡位信号M1和M2。
一种BLDC电机，包括电机和电机控制器，电机包括定子、转子和机壳，其特征在于：电机控制器采用上述所述的一种带新型挡位选择电路的电机控制器。
本实用新型与现有技术相比，具有如下效果：
1)实用新型的每一路挡位信号M一分为二分别输入到电机启动信号输入电路和电机停机信号输入电路，电机启动信号输入电路和电机停机信号输入电路分别输出两路电平信号IO-a和IO-b；电机启动信号输入电路带有门槛电压U1，电机停机信号输入电路带有门槛电压U2，门槛电压U1与门槛电压U2之间带有电位差；微处理器MCU根据两路电平信号IO-a和IO-b的值来决定电机的启停状态。由于门槛电压U1与门槛电压U2之间带有滞回的电位差，确保启动和停止的电压有个滞回电压，增强抗干扰性。微处理器MCU通过检测每路挡位信号对应的2个IO端口电平状态，判定挡位信号实际电压值处于哪个电压范围，进而实现精确的电压阈值控制启停，提高可靠性。
2)本实用新型的其它优点在实施例部分展开详细描述。
附图说明：
图1是现有技术中HVAC系统与BLDC电机的连接方框图；
图2是本实用新型实施例一提供的原理方框图；
图3是本实用新型实施例一的一路输入挡位信号时对应的挡位选择电路的方框图；
图4是图3对应的电路图；
图5是图4中光耦隔离芯片对应的电路图；
图6是本实用新型实施例二电路方框图。
具体实施方式：
下面通过具体实施例并结合附图对本实用新型作进一步详细的描述。
实施例一：
如图2、图3、图4和图5所示，本实施例提供的是一种带新型挡位选择电路的电机控制器，包括挡位选择电路、微处理器MCU和逆变电路，若干路的挡位信号经过挡位选择电路的处理送到微处理器MCU，微处理器MCU输出信号控制逆变电路工作，逆变电路的输出端连接电机的定子组件的线圈绕组，其特征在于：挡位选择电路包括若干个电机启动信号输入电路和若干个电机停机信号输入电路，每一路挡位信号M一分为二分别输入到一个电机启动信号输入电路和一个电机停机信号输入电路，然后电机启动信号输入电路和电机停机信号输入电路分别输出两路电平信号IO-a和IO-b到微处理器MCU，微处理器MCU根据两路电平信号IO-a和IO-b的值来决定电机的启停状态。
上述电机启动信号输入电路带有门槛电压U1，电机停机信号输入电路带有门槛电压U2，门槛电压U1与门槛电压U2之间带有电位差，当挡位信号M的电压值大于门槛电压U1时，IO-a是高电平信号；挡位信号M的电压值小于门槛电压U1时，IO-a是低电平信号；当挡位信号M的电压值大于门槛电压U2时，IO-b是高电平信号；挡位信号M的电压值小于门槛电压U2时，IO-b是低电平信号。
上述的电机启动信号输入电路包括电阻R3、电容C5、二极管D1、稳压管ZD1、三极管Q1、光耦隔离芯片U10、电容C1和电阻R2，挡位信号M连接到光耦隔离芯片U10的第一输入脚1a，三极管Q1的集电极连接光耦隔离芯片U10的第二输入脚2a，三极管Q1的发射极接地，电阻R3与稳压管ZD1串联后的一端与三极管Q1的基极连接，电阻R3与稳压管ZD1串联后的另一端与电容C5的一端连接，电容C5的另一端接地，挡位信号M通过二极管D1与电容C5的一端连接，电容C1和电阻R2并联后的一端连接在光耦隔离芯片U10的第三输出脚3a， 电容C1和电阻R2并联后的另一端接地。
上述的电阻R3与稳压管ZD1的参数定义了门槛电压U1，挡位信号M通过二极管D1对电容C5进行充电时，当电容C5的端电压大于门槛电压U1时，三极管Q1导通，使光耦隔离芯片U10的第一输入脚1a、第二输入脚2a和三极管Q1形成通路，光耦隔离芯片U10输出高电平信号IO-a；当电容C5的端电压小于门槛电压U1时，三极管Q1断开，使光耦隔离芯片U10的第一输入脚1a、第二输入脚2a和三极管Q1没有形成通路，光耦隔离芯片U10输出低电平信号IO-a。
上述的电机停机信号输入电路包括电阻R10、电容C6、二极管D3、稳压管ZD2、三极管Q2、光耦隔离芯片U20、电容C3和电阻R9，挡位信号M连接到光耦隔离芯片U20的第一输入脚1b，三极管Q2的集电极连接光耦隔离芯片U20第二输入脚2b，三极管Q2的发射极接地，电阻R10与稳压管ZD2串联后的一端与三极管Q2的基极连接，电阻R10与稳压管ZD2串联后的另一端与电容C6的一端连接，电容C6的另一端接地，挡位信号M通过二极管D3与电容C6的一端连接,电容C3和电阻R9并联后的一端连接在光耦隔离芯片U20的第三输出脚3b，电容C3和电阻R9并联后的另一端接地。
上述的电阻R10与稳压管ZD2的参数定义了门槛电压U2，挡位信号M通过二极管D3对电容C6进行充电时，当电容C6的端电压大于门槛电压U2时，三极管Q2导通，使光耦隔离芯片U20的第一输入脚1b、第二输入脚2b和三极管Q2形成通路，光耦隔离芯片U20输出高电平信号IO-b；当电容C6的端电压小于上位门槛电压U2时，三极管Q2断开，使光耦隔离芯片U20的第一输入脚1b、第二输入脚2b和三极管Q2没有形成通路，光耦隔离芯片U20输出低电平信号IO-b。
上述的门槛电压U1大于门槛电压U2。
本实用新型的原理是：每一路挡位信号M一分为二分别输入到电机启动信号输入电路和电机停机信号输入电路，电机启动信号输入电路和电机停机信号输入电路分别输出两路电平信号IO-a和IO-b；电机启动信号输入电路带有门槛 电压U1，电机停机信号输入电路带有门槛电压U2，门槛电压U1与门槛电压U2之间带有电位差；微处理器MCU根据两路电平信号IO-a和IO-b的值来决定电机的启停状态。由于门槛电压U1与门槛电压U2之间带有滞回的电位差，确保启动和停止的电压有个滞回电压，增强抗干扰性。微处理器MCU通过检测每路挡位信号对应的2个IO端口电平状态，判定挡位信号实际电压值处于哪个电压范围，进而实现精确的电压阈值控制启停，提高可靠性。
光耦隔离芯片U20与光耦隔离芯片U10的结构是一样的，见图5所示。
实施例二：
本实施例是在实施例一基础上的改进，如图2和图6所示，若干路的挡位信号是指2路挡位信号M1和M2，有2个电机启动信号输入电路和2个电机停机信号输入电路。
与挡位信号M1连接的电机启动信号输入电路和电机停机信号输入电路向微处理器MCU的2个I/0端口输出两路电平信号IO1和IO2；
与挡位信号M2连接的电机启动信号输入电路和电机停机信号输入电路向微处理器MCU的另外2个I/0端口输出两路电平信号IO3和IO4。那么通过逻辑真值表可以实现电机的精确的启动和停止。
Figure PCTCN2022079834-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022079834-appb-000002
如上M1和M2两个挡位情况下的逻辑表：挡位信号M1大于12VAC时，两路电平信号IO1和IO2均输出高电平；挡位信号M1小于6VAC时，两路电平信号IO1和IO2均输出低电平；挡位信号M2大于12VAC时，两路电平信号IO3和IO4均输出高电平；挡位信号M2小于6VAC时，两路电平信号IO3和IO4均输出低电平。
1.当IO1和IO2同为高电平，微处理器MCU判定M1档实际电压高于12VAC(门槛电压U1)，M1档运行；
2.当IO1和IO2同为低电平，微处理器MCU判定M1档实际电压低于6VAC(门槛电压U2)，M1档停止；
3.当IO1为高电平，IO2为低电平，微处理器MCU判定M1档实际电压介于6-12VAC之间，M1档停止；
4.当IO1为低电平，IO2为高电平，该情况不成立.
5.当IO3和IO4同为高电平，微处理器MCU判定M2档实际电压高于12VAC，M2档运行；
6.当IO3和IO4同为低电平，微处理器MCU判定M2档实际电压低于6VAC，M2档停止；
7.当IO3为高电平，IO4为低电平，微处理器MCU判定M2档实际电压介于6-12VAC之间，M2档停止；
8.当IO3为低电平，IO4为高电平，该情况不成立。
实施例三：
本实施例提供一种BLDC电机，包括电机和电机控制器，电机包括定子、转子和机壳，其特征在于：电机控制器采用权利实施例一或者实施例二所述的一种带新型挡位选择电路的电机控制器。
以上实施例为本实用新型的较佳实施方式，但本实用新型的实施方式不限于此，其他任何未背离本实用新型的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均为等效的置换方式，都包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种带新型挡位选择电路的电机控制器，包括挡位选择电路、微处理器MCU和逆变电路，若干路的挡位信号经过挡位选择电路的处理送到微处理器MCU，微处理器MCU输出信号控制逆变电路工作，逆变电路的输出端连接电机的定子组件的线圈绕组，其特征在于：挡位选择电路包括若干个电机启动信号输入电路和若干个电机停机信号输入电路，每一路挡位信号M一分为二分别输入到一个电机启动信号输入电路和一个电机停机信号输入电路，电机启动信号输入电路和电机停机信号输入电路分别输出两路电平信号IO-a和IO-b到微处理器MCU，微处理器MCU控制电机的启停状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带新型挡位选择电路的电机控制器，其特征在于：电机启动信号输入电路带有门槛电压U1，电机停机信号输入电路带有门槛电压U2，门槛电压U1与门槛电压U2之间带有电位差。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种带新型挡位选择电路的电机控制器，其特征在于：电机启动信号输入电路包括电阻R3、电容C5、二极管D1、稳压管ZD1、三极管Q1、光耦隔离芯片U10、电容C1和电阻R2，挡位信号M连接到光耦隔离芯片U10的第一输入脚1a，三极管Q1的集电极连接光耦隔离芯片U10的第二输入脚2a，三极管Q1的发射极接地，电阻R3与稳压管ZD1串联后的一端与三极管Q1的基极连接，电阻R3与稳压管ZD1串联后的另一端与电容C5的一端连接，电容C5的另一端接地，挡位信号M通过二极管D1与电容C5的一端连接，电容C1和电阻R2并联后的一端连接在光耦隔离芯片U10的第三输出脚3a，电容C1和电阻R2并联后的另一端接地。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种带新型挡位选择电路的电机控制器，其特征在于：电机停机信号输入电路包括电阻R10、电容C6、二极管D3、稳压管ZD2、三极管Q2、光耦隔离芯片U20、电容C3和电阻R9，挡位信号M连接到光耦隔离芯片U20的第一输入脚1b，三极管Q2的集电极连接光耦隔离芯片U20第二输入脚2b，三极管Q2的发射极接地，电阻R10与稳压管ZD2串联后的一端与三极管 Q2的基极连接，电阻R10与稳压管ZD2串联后的另一端与电容C6的一端连接，电容C6的另一端接地，挡位信号M通过二极管D3与电容C6的一端连接,电容C3和电阻R9并联后的一端连接在光耦隔离芯片U20的第出输入脚3b，电容C3和电阻R9并联后的另一端接地。
  5. 根据权利要求2或3或4所述的一种带新型挡位选择电路的电机控制器，其特征在于：若干路的挡位信号是指2路挡位信号M1和M2。
  6. 一种BLDC电机，包括电机和电机控制器，电机包括定子、转子和机壳，其特征在于：电机控制器采用权利要求1至5任意一项所述的一种带新型挡位选择电路的电机控制器。
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