WO2023007329A1

WO2023007329A1 - Apparatus, system and method of a hybrid optical lens

Info

Publication number: WO2023007329A1
Application number: PCT/IB2022/056777
Authority: WO
Inventors: Arthur Rabner
Original assignee: Hypervision Ltd
Priority date: 2021-07-25
Filing date: 2022-07-22
Publication date: 2023-02-02

Abstract

For example, a hybrid optical lens may be configured to direct light from a display to an eye of a user. The hybrid optical lens may include a central zone configured to direct light of a central portion of the display towards a center of rotation of the eye at a first gaze of the eye, a peripheral zone configured to direct light of a peripheral portion of the display towards a pupil of the eye at the first gaze of the eye, and a transitional zone between the central zone and the peripheral zone, the transitional zone configured to direct light of a transitional portion of the display towards the center of rotation of the eye at a second gaze of the eye different from the first gaze of the eye.

Description

APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD OF A HYBRID OPTICAL LENS

CROSS REFERENCE

[001] This Application claims the benefit of and priority from US Provisional Patent Application No. 63/225,515 entitled “APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD OF A HYBRID OPTICAL LENS”, filed July 25, 2021, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD [002] Aspects described herein generally relate to a hybrid optical lens.

BACKGROUND

[003] A Near Eye Display (NED) device and/or by a Head Mounted Display (HMD) device may be mounted on a head of a user, e.g., in front of the eye/eyes of the user. [004] The HMD and/or the NED may be used to display an image to the eyes of the user.

[005] The HMD and/or the NED may be used, for example, for virtual reality games, augmented reality, simulators, and the like.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[006] For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity of presentation. Furthermore, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. The figures are listed below.

[007] Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of a system, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[008] Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of an arrangement of a hybrid optical lens and a display, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[009] Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of an arrangement of a hybrid optical lens and a display, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0010] Fig. 4A is a schematic illustration of back-tracing of rays via zones of a hybrid optical lens, and Fig. 4B is a schematic illustration of transitions between the zones of the hybrid optical lens of Fig. 4A, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0011] Fig. 5A is a schematic illustration of an arrangement of a hybrid optical lens and a display, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0012] Fig. 5B is a schematic illustration of a scheme to determine a Pixels-per-Degree (PpD) parameter and a Degrees-per-Pixel (DpP) parameter, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0013] Figs. 6A and 6B are schematic illustrations of back tracing of rays via a hybrid optical lens, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0014] Fig. 7 is a schematic illustration of an arrangement of a hybrid optical lens and a display, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0015] Fig. 8A is a schematic illustration of a hybrid optical lens, Fig 8B is a schematic illustration of a graph depicting deviation angles versus ray angles of rays refracted by the hybrid optical lens of Fig. 8A, and Fig 8C is a schematic illustration of a graph depicting mapping functions corresponding to the rays refracted by the hybrid optical lens of Fig. 8A, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0016] Fig. 9A is a schematic illustration of a graph depicting mapping functions of a hybrid optical lens, and Fig. 9B is a schematic illustration of a first display, and a second display to be displayed via the hybrid optical lens based on the mapping functions of Fig. 9 A, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0017] Fig. 10 is a schematic illustration of surface structures of a hybrid optical lens, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0018] Figs. 11A and 11B are schematic illustrations of surface structures of a hybrid optical lens, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0019] Fig. 12A is a schematic illustration of an arrangement of a hybrid optical lens and a display to demonstrate a technical problem, which may be addressed in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0020] Fig. 12B is a schematic illustration of a surface structure of a hybrid optical lens and a surface structure of a mold for molding the hybrid optical lens, which may be configured to solve the technical problem of Fig. 12 A, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0021] Fig. 13 is a schematic illustration of surface structures of a hybrid optical lens, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0022] Fig. 14 is a schematic illustration of a hybrid optical lens and surface structures of a mold for molding the hybrid optical lens, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0023] Fig. 15 is a schematic illustration of a controlled ray-deviation layer of a hybrid optical lens, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0024] Figs. 16A and 16B are schematic illustrations of a display including a fiber optic layer, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0025] Fig. 17 is a schematic illustration of a first configuration of a display device, a second configuration of the display device, and a third configuration of the display device, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0026] Fig. 18 is a schematic illustration of a device including a hybrid optical lens configured with respect to a pupil swim, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0027] Fig. 19A is a schematic illustration of a device including a display and an optical lens, and Fig. 19B is a schematic illustration of a device including a Diffractive Optical Element (DOE) between a display and an optical lens, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0028] Fig. 20 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a product of manufacture, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of some aspects. However, it will be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art that some aspects may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, units and/or circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the discussion.

[0030] Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example, “processing”, “computing”, “calculating”, “determining”, “establishing”, “analyzing”, “checking”, or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) of a computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer’s registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer’s registers and/or memories or other information storage medium that may store instructions to perform operations and/or processes.

[0031] The terms “plurality” and “a plurality” as used herein include, for example, “multiple” or “two or more”. For example, “a plurality of items” includes two or more items.

[0032] Some portions of the following detailed description are presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bits or binary digital signals within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions and representations may be the techniques used by those skilled in the data processing arts to convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art.

[0033] An algorithm is here, and generally, considered to be a self-consistent sequence of acts or operations leading to a desired result. These include physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers or the like. It should be understood, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities.

[0034] As used herein, the term "circuitry" may refer to, be part of, or include, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an integrated circuit, an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some aspects, the circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some aspects, circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable in hardware.

[0035] The term “logic” may refer, for example, to computing logic embedded in circuitry of a computing apparatus and/or computing logic stored in a memory of a computing apparatus. For example, the logic may be accessible by a processor of the computing apparatus to execute the computing logic to perform computing functions and/or operations. In one example, logic may be embedded in various types of memory and/or firmware, e.g., silicon blocks of various chips and/or processors. Logic may be included in, and/or implemented as part of, various circuitry, e.g., control circuitry, processor circuitry, and/or the like. In one example, logic may be embedded in volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory, including random access memory, read only memory, programmable memory, magnetic memory, flash memory, persistent memory, and/or the like. Logic may be executed by one or more processors using memory, e.g., registers, buffers, stacks, and the like, coupled to the one or more processors, e.g., as necessary to execute the logic.

[0036] Reference is now made to Fig. 1, which schematically illustrates a system 101, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[0037] In some demonstrative aspects, system 101 may include a hybrid optical lens 100 and a display 160, e.g., as described below.

[0038] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to direct light from display 160 to an eye 165 of a user, e.g., as described below.

[0039] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be hybrid in a sense that hybrid optical lens 100 may include at least two different types of elements, components, fragments, zones, areas, and/or portions, e.g., having different structures, shapes, characteristics, parameters, attributes, and/or the like.

[0040] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid lens 100 may include at least one first zone and/or fragment, and at least one second zone and/or fragment, which is different from the first zone and/or fragment, e.g., by shape, structure, and/or one or more characteristics, parameters, and/or attributes, e.g., as described below.

[0041] In one example, the first zone and/or fragment may have a first shape, e.g., a bi convex shape or any other shape, and the second zone and/or fragment may have a second shape, for example, different from the first shape, e.g., a concave shape or any other shape, e.g., as described below.

[0042] In one example, the first zone and/or fragment may have first dimensions, e.g., a first thickness, a first length, and/or the like, and the second zone and/or fragment may have second dimensions, for example, different from the first dimensions, e.g., a second thickness, a second length, and/or the like.

[0043] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid lens 100 may include at least one first surface, and at least one second surface, which may be different from the first surface, e.g., by one or more characteristics, parameters, and/or attributes, e.g., as described below.

[0044] In one example, the first surface may include a smooth surface, and the second surface may include a non-smooth surface, e.g., a Fresnel surface, or any other surface. [0045] In one example, the first surface may include a first Fresnel surface, and the second surface may include a second Fresnel surface, which may be different from the first Fresnel surface, e.g., by structure, length, angles, and/or any other attributes. [0046] In other aspects, hybrid lens 100 may include any other combination of at least two types of different elements, components, fragments, zones, areas, and/or portions. [0047] In some demonstrative aspects, system 101 may include or may be implemented, for example, by a Near Eye Display (NED) device, and/or by a Head Mounted Display (HMD) device, which may be mounted on a head of a user, e.g., in front of the eye/eyes of the user.

[0048] In some demonstrative aspects, system 101, e.g., when implemented by an HMD device and/or an NED device, may be configured to display an image to the eye/eyes of the user.

[0049] In some demonstrative aspects, system 101, e.g., when implemented by an HMD device and/or an NED device, may be configured, for example, for virtual reality games, augmented reality, simulators, and the like.

[0050] In one example, system 101, e.g., when implemented by an HMD device and/or an NED device, may be configured to be mounted and/or positioned in front of the eyes of a user. For example, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to be worm on a head of a user, or on a helmet, which may be worn on the head of the user. [0051] In some demonstrative aspects, system 101, e.g., when implemented by a HMD device and/or an NED device, may be configured to display an image, e.g., a still image or a video image, to the user.

[0052] In some demonstrative aspects, system 101, e.g., when implemented by an HMD device and/or an NED device, may be implemented, for example, for displaying images of an Extended Reality (XR) application, a Virtual Reality (VR) application, an augmented reality application, a gaming application, an aviation application, a simulator, an engineering application, a medical application, and/or to display images of any other additional or alternative applications and/or implementations.

[0053] In some demonstrative aspects, system 101 may include a controller 150 configured to control display 160, for example, to display an image, e.g., a still image or a video image, which may be viewed by the eye 165 via hybrid optical lens 100. [0054] In one example, at least part of the functionality of controller 150 may be implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC). In some demonstrative aspects, controller 150 may include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, and/or memory circuitry and/or logic. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of controller 150 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below.

[0055] In other aspects, controller 150 may be implemented by any other logic and/or circuitry, and/or according to any other architecture.

[0056] In one example, controller 150 may include at least one memory 158, e.g., coupled to the one or more processors, which may be configured, for example, to store, e.g., at least temporarily, at least some of the information processed by the one or more processors and/or circuitry, and/or which may be configured to store logic to be utilized by the processors and/or circuitry.

[0057] In one example, controller 150 may be based on any computer architecture, which may support rendering graphical information to be displayed by display 160. [0058] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to cover a wide Filed of View (FoV) (wFOV), e.g., as describe below.

[0059] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to cover a wide FoV, for example, to improve a sense of immersion, presence and/or performance for the user, for example, in tasks requiring peripheral vision, for example, in virtual environments and/or in augmented video-pass-through environments, e.g., as described below.

[0060] In one example, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to cover a wide peripheral FoV, for example, to provide an effect of “None of the enemies could escape from the comer of your FoV”, e.g., for a gamer in a VR game.

[0061] For example, a peripheral FOV and/or a peripheral vision may include a vision perception, which may occur outside a center of gaze or outside a straight-gaze of the eye of the user. For example, the peripheral FOV may include a FOV of a peripheral vision or indirect vision, which may occur outside a point of visual fixation, e.g., away from a center of gaze or, when viewed at large angles, in (or out of) the comer of the eye.

[0062] In another example, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured for use by car racers and/or flight pilots in simulations, which may require to use a peripheral FoV in real situations. For example, headsets covering a limited FoV may not be good enough for such training needs and, therefore, simulators using “dome projection” setups may be very complicated, and/or expensive. For example, hybrid optical lens 100 may obviate usage of the complicated and costly dome projections.

[0063] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to cover, e.g., to completely cover, a human FoV, for example, including an extra FoV, which may be covered, for example, by eye rotations in a comfort zone, e.g., as described below.

[0064] In one example, the comfort zone (also referred to as an “eye rotation comfort zone (ERCZ)”) may be defined as a zone in an angular radius of 30 degrees relative to a visual axis of the eye.

[0065] In one example, providing a FoV completely covering the human FoV may provide an improved user experience, for example, for pass-through extended reality (pass-through XR) applications, for example, by having a “Reality” and “Virtuality” FoV that corresponds and simulates a human natural FoV.

[0066] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to cover a horizontal FoV of about 210 degrees (°), e.g., as described below.

[0067] In other aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to cover any other horizontal FOV, e.g., less than or more than 210°.

[0068] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to cover a continuous half horizontal FoV of at least 105 degrees, for example, at a straight, e.g., direct, gaze of the eye 165, e.g., as described below. For example, the half horizontal FoV may be defined relative to a visual axis of the eye 165, e.g., as described below. In other aspects, any other half horizontal FoV may be supported.

[0069] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to cover a vertical FoV of about 170 degrees, e.g., as described below.

[0070] In other aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to cover any other vertical FOV, e.g., less than or more than 170°.

[0071] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to cover a continuous half vertical FoV of at least 85 degrees, e.g., as described below. For example, the half vertical FoV is relative to a visual axis of the eye 165. In other aspects, any other half vertical FoV may be supported.

[0072] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to cover the wide FoV, for example, even without compromising a continuous FoV and/or visual clarity throughout the continuous FoV, e.g., as described below.

[0073] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to maintain the continuous FoV and/or the visual clarity, for example, for different eye gazes of the eye 165 of the user, e.g., as described below.

[0074] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to maintain the continuous FoV and/or the visual clarity, for example, for peripheral vision of the eye 165 of the user, e.g., as described below.

[0075] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to cover the wide FoV, for example, while even avoiding “black strips”, “double vision sectors”, and/or “seems” in the wide FoV.

[0076] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to cover the wide FoV, for example, even without compromising visual clarity in an area of eye rotation comfort-zone (also referred to as a “rotational-gaze”), e.g., in a radius of up to about 30° from the straight gaze of the eye; and/or in an area of eye enforced rotation (also referred to as “out of comfort-zone”, and/or “under-effort rotational- gaze”), e.g., in a radius of up to about 45° from the straight gaze of the eye.

[0077] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to cover the wide FoV, for example, in a manner such that panoramic images and/or videos may be seen continuously by the user, for example, for any eye gaze fixation angle and/or for a convergence virtual distance, e.g., as described below.

[0078] In one example, in a natural environment, a visual scanning of a scene may be accomplished by a system of nested actions, for example, moving the head and body of a user within space, and moving eyes of the user within a visual field of the user. For example, a fastest scan may be done by the eyes, while the head and/or body moves may be complimentary. For example, the eyes may jump from one scene location to another scene location, for example, a few times per second, dozens of times per second, or any other rate, e.g., in saccades.

[0079] According to this example, the visual scanning of the scene may build a reasonably complete representation of what is happening in the scene, although the eye may have high resolution only in a narrow window. For example, if any visual detail is important for understanding in the FoV, a coordination of the head and eye movements may point the eyes at a target and may allow to encode the target.

[0080] Therefore, it may be advantageous, and in some cases, it may even be very important, to have a continuous FoV, e.g., for any gaze position, for example, for certain applications. For example, in case of “black-out” angles in the FoV, important stimulation data of the scene may be missed, and a goal of the scene may not be accomplished.

[0081] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to cover the wide FoV, for example, even without compromising a compactness, design and/or usability of hybrid optical lens 100, e.g., as described below.

[0082] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to cover the wide FoV, for example, while utilizing non-standard optical materials and/or non-standard manufacturing approaches, for example, which may be developed especially for cost effective mass production.

[0083] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to provide a sharp big Eye-box, and/or full vertical FoV vision for NED and/or HMD devices, e.g., as described below.

[0084] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to provide an improved and/or increased vision acuity (also referred to as “visual acuity”, and/or “visual fidelity”), e.g., as described below.

[0085] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to provide an improved and/or increased sharpness acuity and/or contrast acuity, for example, to support the increased vision acuity, e.g., as described below.

[0086] In one example, the sharpness acuity may define an ability to distinguish between neighboring pixels; and/or the contrast acuity may define an ability to distinguish between gray levels of one or more, e.g., each, sub-pixel of neighboring pixels.

[0087] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to provide the increased vision acuity, for example, based on one or more visual fidelity requirements for a rotational-gaze and/or a peripheral vision, and/or by implementing a plurality of zones, e.g., three or more main zones, which may be configured to support the one or more visual fidelity requirements, e.g., as described below.

[0088] In some demonstrative aspects, a shape and/or design of hybrid optical lens 100 may correspond to a human visual physiology, for example, such that despite a degrade in performance versus viewing reality the hybrid optical lens 100 may support a visual perception which may be close to reality, e.g., even without any additional optics, cameras and/or displays.

[0089] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may include a plurality of zones, e.g., three zones or any other number of zones, e.g., as described below. [0090] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may include three or more zones including, for example, a central zone, a peripheral zone, and/or a transitional zone, e.g., as described below.

[0091] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be divided into three zones, for example, including a central zone, which may be configured to provide a best visual fidelity, and may be used for direct site on objects at the comfort-zone eyes-rotation; a peripheral zone, which may be configured to be utilized for peripheral FoV of the straight gaze of eye 165, e.g., as the beginning of peripheral zone may be at an end of physical ability to shift the gaze of eye 165; and/or a transitional zone, which may be configured to be used for gaze-shift of out of comfort zone, e.g., as the user can shift the gaze under an effort, where some compromises may be done for rotational and peripheral FoV, e.g., as described below.

[0092] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may include a central zone 110, denoted Zonel , configured to, e.g., optimized to, prioritized in optimization to, and/or configured in any other manner to, direct light of a central portion 161 of the display 160 towards a center of rotation 167 of the eye 165 at a first gaze of the eye, e.g., as described below.

[0093] In some demonstrative aspects, the first gaze of the eye may include a straight, e.g., direct, gaze, e.g., at the eye rotation comfort zone.

[0094] In some demonstrative aspects, the central zone 110 may include a first surface 112 on a first side of the hybrid optical lens 100, and a second surface 114 on a second side of the hybrid optical lens 100, e.g., as described below.

[0095] In some demonstrative aspects, the first side of the hybrid optical lens 100 may be opposite to the second side of the hybrid optical lens 100, e.g., as described below. [0096] In some demonstrative aspects, the first surface 112 may include a smooth surface, and/or the second surface 114 may include a smooth surface, e.g., as described below.

[0097] In some demonstrative aspects, the smooth surface (also referred to as a “continuous surface”) may include a surface defined by a smooth profile and/or a continuous profile.

[0098] In some demonstrative aspects, the smooth surface may include a blank and/or bare lens surface, for example, without any application of any coating, and/or treatment. [0099] In some demonstrative aspects, the smooth surface may include, for example, a non-Fresnel surface.

[00100] In other aspects, the smooth surface may include any other surface.

[00101] In some demonstrative aspects, the first side of the hybrid optical lens 100 may include a display-facing side, for example, facing display 160, and/or the second side of the hybrid optical lens 100 may include an eye-facing side, for example, facing the eye 165.

[00102] In some demonstrative aspects, the central zone 110 may have a bi-convex shape. For example, surface 112 may have a convex shape, and/or surface 114 may have a convex shape. For example, surfaces 112 and/or 114 may include a spheric shape, an aspheric shape with conic coefficients, a convex aspheric shape, a freeform shape, or any other shape.

[00103] In one example, the central zone 110 may be configured as a smooth freeform bi-convex lens, which may be configured for improved, e.g., best, visual contrast and/or acuity at the eye rotation comfort zone, e.g., as described below.

[00104] In some demonstrative aspects, a diameter of the central zone 110 may be based on a product of a thickness of the central zone 110 and a refraction index of a material of the central zone 110, e.g., as described below.

[00105] In some demonstrative aspects, a thickness, denoted Tc, of the central zone 110 may be based on a semi-diameter, denoted hSDl, of central zone 110 and/or a refraction index, denoted nRIzl, of a material from which central zone 110 may be formed, e.g., as follows: hSDl = Tc x nRIzl x Kzlt2d

(1) wherein Kzlt2d denotes a constant value, e.g., in a range of [0.7:3] or any other range. [00106] In one example, the thickness Tc of the central zone 110 may be about 12mm. [00107] In another example, the central zone 110 may have any other thickness and/or diameter.

[00108] In one example, the central zone 110 may be configured to provide a non- compromised visual fidelity for rotational-gaze, e.g., to obtain maximal performance from display 160. Therefore, the central zone 110 may include smooth surfaces. According to this example, the smooth surfaces may be aspheric, freeform, and/or bi conic, for example, compared to common lens designs, which may be based on Fresnel surfaces.

[00109] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may include a peripheral zone 130, denoted Zone3 , configured to, e.g., optimized to, prioritized in optimization to, and/or configured in any other manner to, direct light of a peripheral portion 163 of the display 160 towards a pupil 166 of the eye 165 at the first gaze of the eye, for example, at the straight, e.g., direct, gaze at the eye rotation comfort zone, e.g., as described below.

[00110] In some demonstrative aspects, peripheral zone 130 may have a first surface 132 on the first side of the hybrid optical lens 100, and a second surface 134 on the second side of the hybrid optical lens 100, e.g., as described below.

[00111] In some demonstrative aspects, the first surface 132 may include a Fresnel surface, and/or the second surface 134 may include a Fresnel surface, e.g., as described below.

[00112] In some demonstrative aspects, the peripheral zone 130 may have a convex- concave shape. For example, surface 134 may have a concave shape, and/or surface 132 may have a convex shape, for example, according to and/or approximately following the concave shape of surface 134, e.g., as described below.

[00113] In one example, both surfaces 132 and 134 of the peripheral zone 130 may include Fresnel surfaces, which may be configured for a peripheral field of view, e.g., at the eye rotation comfort zone.

[00114] In some demonstrative aspects, surfaces 132 and 134 may be configured, for example, according to a predefined focal-length ratio, e.g., as described below.

[00115] In some demonstrative aspects, surfaces 132 and 134 may be configured, for example, such that a ratio between a focal length of the surface 134 and a focal length of the surface 132 is equal to or less than (-2).

[00116] In some demonstrative aspects, surfaces 132 and 134 may be configured, for example, such that a ratio between a focal length of the surface 134 and a focal length of the surface 132 is equal to or greater than 1.

[00117] In other aspects, surfaces 132 and 134 may be configured according to any other focal-length ratio.

[00118] In some demonstrative aspects, a thickness, denoted Tf2, of the peripheral zone 130 may be in a range of l-3mm, or any other range.

[00119] In other aspects, the peripheral zone 130 may have any other thickness. [00120] In some demonstrative aspects, a ratio between a thickness of the central zone 110 and a thickness of the peripheral zone 130 may be in a range [4:20]. In other aspects, any other thickness ratio may be implemented.

[00121] In one example, the peripheral zone 130 may be concave towards the face of the user, e.g., in order to deviate peripheral rays from peripheral portion 163 towards the pupil 166.

[00122] In one example, the eye-facing side surface of the peripheral zone 130 may include a Fresnel surface, e.g., surface 134. For example, surface 134 may be configured to compensate a strong concave curvature of a substrate of hybrid optical lens 100.

[00123] In another example, the display-facing side surface of the peripheral zone 130 may include a Fresnel surface, e.g., surface 132. For example, surface 134 may be configured with an optical power, which may be higher than an optical power of a convex shape of surface 132.

[00124] In some demonstrative aspects, an optical function of the surface 134 may be about piano, e.g., +/- piano, or between slightly concave to slightly convex, e.g., as described below.

[00125] In one example, using a Fresnel refractive layer on the eye-facing side, e.g., surface 134, together with a Fresnel refractive layer on the display-facing side, e.g., surface 132, may potentially degrade the contrast acuity. However, a non-degraded or a minimally-degraded visual fidelity for peripheral vision may still be achieved, for example, since there is no direct gaze through peripheral zone 130, the sharpness acuity may not be degraded, and the contrast degradation may be compensated through intensity level of pixels of display 160. [00126] In some demonstrative aspects, one or more draft angles of the Fresnel surface 134 of peripheral zone 130 may be negative and may be based on a weighted average of one or more respective pairs of angles. For example, a weighted average of a pair of angles corresponding to the Fresnel surface 134 may include a first weight, e.g., applied to an angle of a peripheral chief ray between the display-facing side surface of the peripheral zone 130 and the eye-facing side surface of the peripheral zone 130, and a second weight, e.g., applied to an angle of a rotational chief ray between the display facing side surface of the peripheral zone 130 and the eye-facing side surface of the peripheral zone 130, e.g., as described below with reference to Fig. 10 and 11B. [00127] In some demonstrative aspects, a weight ratio between the first weight and the second weight corresponding to the Fresnel surface 134 may increase, for example, versus a distance from an optical axis of the hybrid optical lens 100, e.g., as described below with reference to Fig. 10 and 11B.

[00128] In some demonstrative aspects, the weight ratio between the first weight and the second weight corresponding to the Fresnel surface 134 may increase, for example, from a first predefined value to a second predefined value, versus the distance from the optical axis of the hybrid optical lens 100, e.g., as described below.

[00129] In some demonstrative aspects, the first predefined value may be in a range [0:100] and/or the second predefined value may be at least 10. In other aspects, other predefined values may be implemented.

[00130] In some demonstrative aspects, one or more draft angles of the Fresnel surface 132 of peripheral zone 130 may be based on a weighted average of one or more respective pairs of angles. For example, a weighted average of a pair of angles corresponding to the Fresnel surface 132 may include a first weight, e.g., applied to an angle of a peripheral chief ray between the display-facing side surface of the peripheral zone 130 and the eye-facing side surface of the peripheral zone 130, and a second weight, e.g., applied to an angle of a rotational chief ray between the display-facing side surface of the peripheral zone 130 and the eye-facing side surface of the peripheral zone 130, e.g., as described below with reference to Figs. 10 and 11B.

[00131] In some demonstrative aspects, a weight ratio between the first weight and the second weight corresponding to the Fresnel surface 132 may increase, for example, versus a distance from an optical axis of the hybrid optical lens 100, e.g., as described below with reference to Figs. 10 and 11B.

[00132] In some demonstrative aspects, the weight ratio between the first weight and the second weight corresponding to the Fresnel surface 132 may increase, for example, from a first predefined value to a second predefined value, versus the distance from the optical axis of the hybrid optical lens 100, e.g., as described below.

[00133] In some demonstrative aspects, the first predefined value may be in a range [0:100] and/or the second predefined value may be at least 10. In other aspects, other predefined values may be implemented.

[00134] In some demonstrative aspects, the peripheral zone 130 may be configured for a Peripheral Eye Relief (PER) distance in a range [(-10): 15] millimeter (mm), e.g., as described below. In other aspects, any other PER distance may be implemented. [00135] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may include a transitional zone 120, denoted Zone2 , between the central zone 110 and the peripheral zone 130, e.g., as described below.

[00136] In some demonstrative aspects, the transitional zone 120 may be configured to direct light of a transitional portion 162 of the display 160 towards the center of rotation 167 of the eye 165, e.g., at a second gaze of the eye 165 different from the first gaze of the eye 165, e.g., as described below,

[00137] In some demonstrative aspects, the second-gaze of the eye 165 may include a peripheral gaze, e.g., at the eye rotation effort zone, e.g., as described below.

[00138] In some demonstrative aspects, the transitional zone 120 may include a first surface 122 on the first side of the hybrid optical lens 100 and a second surface 124 on the second side of the hybrid optical lens, e.g., as described below.

[00139] In some demonstrative aspects, the surface 122 may be different from the surface 124, e.g., as described below.

[00140] In some demonstrative aspects, surface 122 may include a Fresnel surface, and/or surface 124 may include a smooth surface, e.g., as described below.

[00141] In some demonstrative aspects, the transitional zone 120 may have surface 124, which may have a convex to-plano shape or convex-to-slight-convex shape. For example, surface 122 may have a substrate following, e.g., approximately following, a shape of surface 124, e.g., as described below.

[00142] In one example, the transitional zone 120 may include a combination of a smooth aspheric surface and a Fresnel surface, e.g., surfaces 124 and 122, which may be configured for out of comfort-zone rotation, and/or may be mostly used for peripheral vision, e.g., at the straight gaze of eye 165.

[00143] In some demonstrative aspects, a thickness, denoted Tfl, of the transitional zone 120 may be greater than the thickness Tf2 of the peripheral zone 130, and/or the thickness Tfl of the transitional zone 120 may be less than the thickness 7c of the central zone 110.

[00144] In some demonstrative aspects, a ratio between the thickness Tf2 of the peripheral zone 130 and the thickness Tfl of the transitional zone 120 may be in a range [0.5:3]. In other aspects, any other thickness ratio may be implemented.

[00145] In other aspects, the transitional zone 120 may have any other thickness. [00146] In some demonstrative aspects, the thickness Tf2 of the peripheral zone 130 may be gradually reduced towards the end of hybrid optical lens 100, for example, to avoid a lens break during ejection phase in an injection molding process to manufacture hybrid optical lens 100.

[00147] In one example, the transitional zone 120 may be configured to allow a slight compromise in visual fidelity, e.g., for a straight gaze and/or a peripheral vision of eye 165. For example, the transitional zone 120 may include a Fresnel surface, e.g., surface 122, on the display-facing side of hybrid optical lens 100, while the eye-facing side of hybrid optical lens 100 may include a smooth surface, e.g., surface 124.

[00148] In some demonstrative aspects, surface 122 and/or surface 124 may include aspheric, free-form and/or bi-conic surfaces.

[00149] In some demonstrative aspects, one or more draft angles of the Fresnel surface 122 of transitional zone 120 may be based on a weighted average of one or more respective pairs of angles. For example, a weighted average of a pair of angles corresponding to the Fresnel surface 122 may include a first weight, e.g., applied to an angle of a peripheral chief ray between the display-facing side surface of the transitional zone 120 and the eye-facing side surface of the transitional zone 120, and a second weight, e.g., applied to an angle of a rotational chief ray between the display-facing side surface of the transitional zone 120 and the eye-facing side surface of the transitional zone 120, e.g., as described below with reference to Figs. 10 and 11. [00150] In some demonstrative aspects, a weight ratio between the first weight and the second weight corresponding to the Fresnel surface 122 may increase, for example, versus a distance from an optical axis of the hybrid optical lens 100, e.g., as described below with reference to Figs. 10 and 11.

[00151] In some demonstrative aspects, the weight ratio between the first weight and the second weight corresponding to the Fresnel surface 122 may increase, for example, from a first predefined value to a second predefined value, versus the distance from the optical axis of the hybrid optical lens 100, e.g., as described below.

[00152] In some demonstrative aspects, the first predefined value may be in a range [0:0.5] and/or the second predefined value may be in a range [0:1]. In other aspects, other predefined values may be implemented.

[00153] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may include a blazed grating on at least one of the display-facing side and/or the eye-facing side of the hybrid optical lens 100, e., as described below. For example, the blazed grating may vary, for example, based on a distance from an optical axis of hybrid optical lens, e.g., as described below.

[00154] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may include a nano- anti-reflective structure on an optical facet of at least one Fresnel surface, e.g., the first Fresnel surface 132, the second Fresnel surface 134, and/or the third Fresnel surface 122, e.g., as described below.

[00155] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may include a nano- light-absorbing structure on at least one of an elevation facet or a tool radius of the at least one Fresnel surface, e.g., the first Fresnel surface 132, the second Fresnel surface 134, and/or the third Fresnel surface 122, e.g., as described below.

[00156] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may have a first optical layer forming the first side of the hybrid optical lens 100, a second optical layer forming the second side of the hybrid optical lens 100, and a controlled ray-deviation layer between the first optical layer and the second optical layer, which may be controllable, e.g., by controller 150, to adjust a refraction level at one or more zones of the hybrid optical lens 100, e.g., as described below.

[00157] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured with an optical function to support a pupil swim of no more than 1 degree, e.g., as described below. Fr example, the pupil swim may include a difference between a perceived angle of an object at a location on the display 160 with a zero-angle pupil rotation, and an angle of pupil rotation to the object at the location on the display 160, e.g., as described below.

[00158] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 1, hybrid optical lens 100 may include a first peripheral zone on a first side of the central zone 110 configured to direct light of a first peripheral portion of the display 160 towards the pupil of the eye 165, and a first transitional zone between the central zone 110 and the first peripheral zone. [00159] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 1, hybrid optical lens 100 may include a second peripheral zone on a second side of the central zone 110 configured to direct light of a second peripheral portion of the display 160 towards the pupil of the eye 165, and a second transitional zone between the central zone 110 and the second peripheral zone.

[00160] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to support a standard central eye relief (CER) distance, denoted CER, and/or a short PER distance, denoted PER, e.g., as described below.

[00161] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to support a standard CER distance, and/or a reduced PER distance, e.g., as described below.

[00162] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to support a full vertical FoV, for example, by implementing a concave shape, e.g., a steep concave shape, of peripheral zone 130, which may allow hybrid optical lens 100 to reach a face of the user, e.g., cheeks from bottom and a lobe from top, and to refract pixels from an edge of display 160, for example, under extreme angles towards the pupil 166 at a straight gaze of eye 165. Accordingly, hybrid optical lens 100 may support the reduced PER distance.

[00163] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 may be configured to support a wide FoV, e.g., at a rotational gaze and/or at a peripheral vision, e.g., as described below.

[00164] In one example, a chief rotational ray from the transitional portion 162 of display 160 towards the eye 165, e.g., at an angle, denoted aR, relative to the optical axis of hybrid optical lens 100, may reach the center 167 of eye rotation at a rotational- gaze of eye 165.

[00165] In another example, a chief peripheral ray from the edge of display 160 towards the eye 165, e.g., at an angle, denoted aP, relative to the visual axis of hybrid optical lens 100, may reach the pupil 166 at the straight gaze of eye 165.

[00166] In some demonstrative aspects, a ratio between the central eye relief CER and the peripheral eye relief PER may be based on an inner semi-diameter, denoted hSD2, of transitional zone 120, and/or an outer semi-diameter, denoted hSD3, of peripheral zone 130, e.g., as follows:

CER/PER = (hSD3 - hSD2) x Kcper

(2) wherein Kcper denotes a constant value, e.g., in a range [0.1: 1.5] or any other range, and in case central zone 110 supports a rotational-gaze of at least 3°, e.g., of at least 30°, or any other rotational-gaze, and/or a peripheral FoV of central zone 110 and transitional zone 120 may be of at least 20°, e.g., of at least 40°, or any other angle. [00167] Reference is made to Fig. 2, which schematically illustrates an arrangement 201 of a hybrid optical lens 200 and a display 260, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[00168] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, hybrid optical lens 200 may be configured to direct light from display 260 to an eye 265 of a user. For example, hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of hybrid optical lens 200, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, hybrid optical lens 200.

[00169] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, hybrid optical lens 200 may include a plurality of zones, e.g., three zones, for example, a central zone 210, a transitional zone 220, and/or a peripheral zone 230. For example, central zone 110 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of central zone 210, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, central zone 210; transitional zone 120 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of transitional zone 220, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, transitional zone 220; and/or peripheral zone 130 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of peripheral zone 230, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, peripheral zone 230.

[00170] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, hybrid optical lens 200 may include a plurality of transition points (also referred to as “principal transition points”) at a plurality of transition points, which may be defined between different zones of the hybrid optical lens 200, e.g., as described below.

[00171] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, a first side, denoted SI, of hybrid optical lens 200, e.g., the display-facing side, may be fragmented into three parts, for example, by two transition points (tp), e.g., as described below.

[00172] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, the first side SI of hybrid optical lens 200 may include a first transition point, denoted tp-Sl-12, for example, at a transition between the central zone 210 and the transitional zone 220.

[00173] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, the first transition point tp- Sl-12 may define a transition between a convex smooth surface, denoted Sl-1, of the first side SI, and a surface, denoted 57-2, of the first side SI. For example, the surface 51 -2 may include a combination of a substrate following, e.g., approximately following, a shape of the second side S2, and may have a Fresnel surface, e.g., with a convex optical function.

[00174] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, the first side SI of hybrid optical lens 200 may include a second transition point, denoted tp-Sl-23, which may define a transition between the surface SI -2, and a surface, denoted SI -3, of the first side SI . For example, the surface SI -3 may include a combination of a convex substrate according to and/or following, e.g., approximately following, the concave surface S2-3 of the second side S2, and a Fresnel surface, e.g., with a steep convex optical function. [00175] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, a second side, denoted S2, of hybrid optical lens 200, e.g., the eye-facing side, may be fragmented into three parts, for example, by two transition points, e.g., as described below.

[00176] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, the second side S2 of hybrid optical lens 200 may include a first transition point, denoted tp-S2-23, for example, at a transition between the transitional zone 220 and the peripheral zone 230.

[00177] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, transition point tp-S2-23 may define a transition between a smooth surface, denoted 52-2, of the second side 52 of hybrid optical lens 200, and a surface, denoted S2-3, of the second-side. For example, the surface S2-3 may include a combination of a concave substrate and a Fresnel surface, e.g., having a piano optical function, which may be in a range of slight-convex to slight-concave.

[00178] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, the second side 52 of hybrid optical lens 200 may include a second transition point, denoted tp-S2-12, which may define a transition between a concave smooth surface, denoted 52-i, of the second side

52 of hybrid optical lens 200, and a convex-to-plano or convex-to- slight-convex smooth surface, denoted 52-2, of the second side 52 of hybrid optical lens 200.

[00179] In some demonstrative aspects, the zones 210, 220 and/or 230 may be defined, for example, based on the first transition point of the first side tp-Sl-12, and/or the second transition point of the second side tp-S2-23, e.g., as described below.

[00180] In some demonstrative aspects, a transition between the central zone 210 and the transitional zone 220 may be defined, for example, by the first transition point tp- Sl-12 of the first side SI and a first averaged ray denoted “crzi2”. For example, the first averaged ray crzl2 may be an average between deviations of first and second chief rays crossing from the first-side SI to the second side 52 of hybrid optical lens 200. For example, the first chief ray may include a first rotational-gaze ray at a rotational angle, denoted aRl, and the second chief ray may include a first peripheral FoV chief-ray at a peripheral angle, denoted aPl .

[00181] In some demonstrative aspects, a transition between the transitional zone 220 and peripheral zone 230 may be defined by the second transition point tp-S2-23 of the second side S2 and a second averaged ray, denoted crz23. For example, the second averaged ray crz23 may be based on an average between deviations of first and second chief rays crossing from the first-side SI to the second side S2 of hybrid optical lens 200. For example, the first chief ray may include a second rotational-gaze ray at a rotational angle, denoted aR2, and the second chief ray may include a second peripheral FoV chief-ray at a peripheral angle, denoted aP2.

[00182] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, eye 265 may move between variable gazes, for example, by rotation around a center of rotation 267 of eye 265. [00183] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig, 2, hybrid optical lens 200 may include a first surface at the first side SI, e.g., a display-facing side surface, and a second surface at the second side S2, e.g., an eye-facing side surface, which may be configured to collimate rays coming from display 260, e.g., from pixels of display 260, towards the eye 265, for example, such that part of the rays may hit an eye pupil 266 of the eye, e.g., as described below.

[00184] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, the first surface SI may be divided into three segments, e.g., including surface segments Sl-1, SI -2, and/or SI -3. [00185] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, surface segments Sl-1 and

51 -2 may be connected via transition point tp-Sl-12, and/or segments SI -2 and SI -3 may be connected via transition point tp-Sl -23.

[00186] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, the second surface S2 may be divided into three segments, e.g., including surface segments S2-1, S2-2, and/or 52-

3.

[00187] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, surface segments S2-1 and

52-2 may be connected through transition point tp-S2-12, and/or segments 52-2 and 52- 3 may be connected through transition point tp-S2-23.

[00188] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, hybrid optical lens 200 may be divided into at least three contiguous, rotational symmetric, and/or conical border, zones, e.g., central zone 210, transitional zone 220, and peripheral zone 230.

[00189] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, central zone 210 may include segment Sl-1 and part of segment S2-1.

[00190] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, transitional zone 220 may include part of segment S2-1 and part of segment S2-2 at the second side S2, and part of segment Sl-2 at the first side SI of hybrid lens 200.

[00191] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, peripheral zone 230 may include segment S2-3, e.g., at the second side 52, and part of segment SI -2, and segment

51 -3, e.g., at the first side SI. For example, a zone border of peripheral zone 230 may include a connection between segment S2-3 and segment SI -3.

[00192] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, segments Sl-1, S2-1 and/or

52-2 may include a smooth surface.

[00193] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, segments SI -2, SI -3 and/or S2-3 may include a Fresnel surface, for example, including concentric rings, e.g., including non-optic facets.

[00194] In one example, the non-optic facets may not participate in collimation of rays, for example, and may be contiguous to optical facets that may participate in ray- collimation. For example, the optical facets may oscillate around substrate curves of segments Sl-2, SI -3, and/or 52-3.

[00195] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, central zone 210 may include a bi-convex lens fragment, which may be configured to distribute optical power through the eye-facing side surface of central zone 210, and the display-facing side surface of central zone 210. For example, the bi-convex lens fragment of central zone 210 may be optimized to collimate rays from display 260, for example, according to a gaze-shift angle, e.g., a rotational angle, denoted aRl, for example, such that a chief ray from display 260 may be directed to a center of rotation 267 of eye 265.

[00196] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, transitional zone 220 may include a lens-fragment, which may be configured to transit more of the optical power of eye-side surface of transitional zone 220 towards the display-side surface of transitional zone 220. For example, an eye-facing side optical power of transitional zone 220 may be gradually reduced, for example, while a display-facing side optical power of transitional zone 220 may be gradually increased. For example, this feature of reducing optical power of the surface 52-2 may have an influence on a convex curve to be changed to a piano or a slight-convex curve, for example, for transition into peripheral zone 230, in which the surface S2-3 may start to be concave.

[00197] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, transitional zone 220 may be configured and/or weighted, for example, to optimize collimation of rays from display 260, for example, between collimation of a chief ray of a center portion of display 260 to the center of rotation 267 of eye 265, for example, at a rotational-gaze of eye 265, and between collimation of rays from peripheral portions of display 260 to the pupil 266, for example, at a straight gaze of eye 265.

[00198] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 2, peripheral zone 230 may include a lens-fragment having a concave or steep concave structure. For example, substrate segment S2-3 may create a thin concave shape, e.g., with respect to eye 265, while the substrate SI -3 may follow, e.g., approximately follow, the substrate segment S2-3.

[00199] In some demonstrative aspects, an optical function of segment S2-3 may neutralize a high-negative power of a concave substrate of segment S2-3.

[00200] In one example, the eye-facing side surface S2-3 of peripheral zone 230 may be configured according to an optical function, e.g., in a range between a slightly- negative power and a slightly positive power.

[00201] In another example, an optical power of the display-facing side segment SI -3 may be highly positive, for example, with major contribution, e.g., compared to segment S2-3, e.g., in operation to deviate and collimate rays from display 260 to the pupil 267 , for example, at a straight gaze of eye 265.

[00202] Reference is made to Fig. 3, which schematically illustrates an arrangement 301 of a hybrid optical lens 300 and a display 360, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[00203] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 3, hybrid optical lens 300 may be configured to direct light from display 360 to an eye 365 of a user. For example, hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of hybrid optical lens 300, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, hybrid optical lens 300.

[00204] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 3, hybrid optical lens 300 may include a plurality of zones, e.g., three zones, for example, a central zone 310, a transitional zone 320, and/or a peripheral zone 330. For example, central zone 110 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of central zone 310, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, central zone 310; transitional zone 120 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of transitional zone 320, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, transitional zone 320; and/or peripheral zone 130 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of peripheral zone 330, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, peripheral zone 330.

[00205] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 300 may be configured to provide an increased level of vision acuity and/or visual fidelity), e.g., as described below.

[00206] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 300 may be configured to provide an increased level of sharpness acuity and/or an increased level of contrast acuity, for example, to support the increased level of vision acuity, e.g., as described below.

[00207] In some demonstrative aspects, the sharpness acuity may be defined by a number of pixels per degree (ppd), in which neighbor white and black pixels may be distinguishable, for example, for ideal optics, e.g., without aberrations.

[00208] In one example, the sharpness acuity may be based, for example, on a collimation level of the hybrid optical lens 300. For example, the more parallel the rays inside the beam after deviation by the hybrid optical lens 300, the better a sharpness of an image perceived by the retina.

[00209] In one example, a normal vision may correspond to a sharpness acuity of 60ppd, a maximal human eye resolution, e.g., a “supervision”, may correspond to a sharpness acuity of 120ppd; while a typical sharpness of a common HMD may be around 20ppd, for example, when a pixel size is around 30 micrometer (um) and a focal distance is in a range of 40mm to 30mm, or any other range. According to this example, non-ideality of optics of hybrid optical lens 300 and a pupil aperture, denoted dPpl, may result in aberrations, which may create a visual perception of a pixel as a blurred spot.

[00210] For example, a degraded visual fidelity perception as a “blurred spot”, a reduced sharpness acuity, and/or a reduced contrast acuity, may be simulated by back- ray-tracing. For example, collimated beams around chief rays originated in a center of pupil of eye 365, with a beam diameter equivalent to eye-pupil aperture, for example, under straight and rotational gazes, may ideally be deviated by the lens 300 and focused on the display 360.

[00211] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 300 may be configured, for example, such that the blurred spot may be inside a quantum of a pixel, and therefore, no visual fidelity degradation, e.g., a decrease in the sharpness, may be perceived, for example, in a central FoV via hybrid optical lens 300.

[00212] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 300 may be configured, for example, such that the blurred spot may be spread over several pixels and, therefore, a visual fidelity degradation, e.g., a decrease in the sharpness, may be perceived, for example, in a peripheral FoV via hybrid optical lens 300.

[00213] In some demonstrative aspects, contrast may be affected, for example, from non-ideality of optics of hybrid optical lens 300, e.g., mainly by Fresnel structures, which may cause ray-scattering and/or non-planned refractions, diffractions, and/or reflections, which may eventually hit the pupil of eye 365.

[00214] In one example, these rays may be parasitic and/or may be originated from pixels that are not from an “object of interest”, and may result in a black pixel appearing as a gray pixel.

[00215] In another example, a white pixel may appear as a gray pixel, for example, as a result of rays originated from the “object of interest” hitting non-optical structures of hybrid optical lens 300, e.g., non-optic facets of Fresnel structures, and not reaching the pupil of eye 365, for example, such that less pixel light intensity may reach a corresponding pixel zone on a retina of the eye.

[00216] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 3, hybrid optical lens 300 may be configured to provide different sharpness and/or contrast perception, for example, with respect to the plurality of zones of hybrid optical lens 300, and/or with respect to a distance from the optical axis of hybrid optical lens 300.

[00217] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 3, hybrid optical lens 300 may be configured to provide different sharpness and/or contrast perception, for example, with respect to a rotational-gaze and/or a peripheral vision of eye 365.

[00218] In one example, the rotational-gaze may be used, for example, for object recognition, and/or the peripheral vision may be used, for example, for situational awareness.

[00219] In some demonstrative aspects, central zone 310 may be used for a rotational- gaze at the comfort- zone of eye 365. Accordingly, central zone 310 may be configured to provide an increased contrast acuity, e.g., even best contrast, for the rotational-gaze and/or the peripheral vision.

[00220] In some demonstrative aspects, central zone 310 may be used for the rotational-gaze at the comfort- zone of eye 365. Accordingly, central zone 310 may be configured to provide an increased sharpness acuity, e.g., even best sharpness, for the rotational-gaze of eye 365.

[00221] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 3, central zone 310 may be configured, for example, such that aberration spots 311 for the rotational-gaze may be smaller than a pixel size, e.g., at a center of central zone 310, or a little bigger than the pixel size, e.g., at an end of central zone 310.

[00222] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 3, central zone 310 may be configured, for example, such that aberration spots 312 for the peripheral vision may be smaller than a pixel size, e.g., at a center of central zone 310, or at a size of a few pixels, e.g., at the end of central zone 310.

[00223] In some demonstrative aspects, a root-mean-square (RMS) radius (rRMS) for aberration spots 311 for the rotational-gaze may be determined, for example, based on a rotational-gaze angle, denoted aR, e.g., with respect to an optical axis of hybrid optical lens 300, and/or based on the plurality of zones of hybrid optical lens 300.

[00224] In some demonstrative aspects, the rRMS for aberration spots 312 may be determined, for example, based on a peripheral vision angle, denoted aP, e.g., with respect to the optical axis of hybrid optical lens 300, and/or based on the plurality of zones of hybrid optical lens 300.

[00225] In one example, an rRMS value may be determined, for example, based on a distance between each ray and a reference point. For example, this distance may be squared, and averaged over all the rays, and a square root of the average may be taken. [00226] In some demonstrative aspects, the rRMS of an aberration spot may be determined, for example, by back tracing of beams of collimated rays with a chief ray passing through the center of the pupil of eye 365, and a degree of aR or aP versus the optical axis, deviated by hybrid optical lens 300, focused and projected on the display 360 with a pixel (Px) size, denoted dPx.

[00227] In some demonstrative aspects, the rRMS of aberration spots 311 corresponding to a rotational-gaze angle aR between 0° and 10° may be less than 1 pixel, e.g., aR: range [0°:10°] for rRMS < 1 x dPx.

[00228] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 3, the rRMS of aberration spots 311 corresponding to a rotational-gaze angle aR between 10° and an angle corresponding to an end of central zone 310, e.g., 30°, may be based on a degree of rotational-gaze angle aR, e.g., aR: range [0°: end of Zone 1 ] for rRMS < [aR / 10] x dPx. [00229] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 3, the rRMS of aberration spots 312 of a straight gaze of eye 365 corresponding to a peripheral vision angle aP between 0° and 5° may be less than 1 pixel, e.g., aP: range [0°:5°] for rRMS < 1 x dPx. [00230] In some demonstrative aspects, the rRMS of aberration spots 312 corresponding to a peripheral vision angle aP between 5° and an angle corresponding to an end of central zone 310, e.g., an angle of 30°, may be based on a degree of peripheral vision angle aP, e.g., aP: range [5°: end of Zone 1 ] for rRMS < [aP /5] x dPx.

[00231] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 3, an optical weight of rotational-gaze (Wrg) may be greater, e.g., much greater, than an optical weight of peripheral vision (Wpv) at the central zone 110 (zl), e.g., Wrg-zl >> Wpv-zl .

[00232] In some demonstrative aspects, transitional zone 320 may be used for a rotational-gaze under-effort, e.g., out of comfort-zone, or mostly for peripheral vision of eye 365. Accordingly, the weight of peripheral vision may be gradually changed, e.g., for the benefit of peripheral vision.

[00233] In some demonstrative aspects, transitional zone 320 may allow a slight effect on contrast. Accordingly, a display-side of transitional zone 320 may include a Fresnel surface.

[00234] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 3, aberration spots 321 for the rotational-gaze may be a little larger than a maximal pixel size of aberration spots 311, e.g., at a beginning of rotational zone 320, and may be a little larger at the end of rotational zone 320.

[00235] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 3, aberration spots 322 for the peripheral vision, e.g., in contrast to aberration spots 321, may be kept in a range of aberration spots 312, for example, as a weight of peripheral vision, may gradually change for the benefit of peripheral vision.

[00236] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 3, peripheral zone 330 may be used for peripheral vision only, e.g., as it may be out of rotational-gaze range. Accordingly, relatively large aberration spots 331 may be allowed for the rotational- gaze of eye 365.

[00237] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 3, aberration spots 332 having about a same size as aberrations spots 322 of transitional zone 320 may be allowed for the peripheral vision of eye 365. [00238] In some demonstrative aspects, the rRMS of aberration spots 321 and/or 331 for a rotational-gaze corresponding to a rotational-gaze angle aR from an end of central zone 310 to an end of peripheral zone 330, e.g., a rotational-gaze angle aR between 10°- 70° , may be based on a degree of rotational-gaze angle aR, e.g., aR: range [end of Zonel: end ofZone3]for rRMS < [max(20,a/10)[ x dPx.

[00239] In some demonstrative aspects, the rRMS of aberration spots 322 and/or 332 for a peripheral vision of eye 365 corresponding to a peripheral vision angle aP, for example, from an end of central zone 310 to an end of peripheral zone 330, e.g., a peripheral vision angle aP > 30°, may be based on a degree of peripheral vision angle aP, e.g., aP: range [end of Zonel: end ofZone3]for rRMS < [max(10,a/5)[ x dPx.

[00240] In one example, hybrid optical lens 300 may be configured according to the following rRMS criteria, for example, based on a degree of rotational-gaze angle aR and/or a degree of the peripheral vision angle aP, e.g., as follows:

Table (1) [00241] In other aspects, hybrid optical lens 300 may be configured according to any other additional or alternative rRMS criteria.

[00242] In some demonstrative aspects, peripheral zone 330 may be configured to allow an additional effect on contrast, e.g., compared to transitional zone 320. For example, both sides of peripheral zone 330 may include a Fresnel surface. [00243] In some demonstrative aspects, the additional effect on contrast may be compensated, for example, by increasing an intensity of objects of interest, for example, while decreasing an intensity of background, for example, on display 360, e.g., as descried below.

[00244] In one example, controller 150 (Fig. 1) may be configured to control display 360 to increase the intensity of objects of interest, and/or to decrease the intensity of the background. [00245] Reference is made to Fig. 4A, which schematically illustrates back-tracing of rays via zones of a hybrid optical lens 400, and to Fig. 4B, which schematically illustrates transitions between the zones of the hybrid optical lens 400, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[00246] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 400 may be configured to direct light from a display, e.g., display 160 (Fig. 1), to an eye of a user, e.g., eye 165 (Fig. 1). For example, hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of hybrid optical lens 400, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, hybrid optical lens 400.

[00247] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 4A and 4B, hybrid optical lens 400 may include a plurality of zones, e.g., three zones, for example, a central zone 410, denoted Zonel , a transitional zone 420, denoted Zone2 , and/or a peripheral zone 430, denoted Zone3. For example, central zone 110 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of central zone 410, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, central zone 410; transitional zone 120 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of transitional zone 420, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, transitional zone 420; and/or peripheral zone 130 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of peripheral zone 430, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, peripheral zone 430.

[00248] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 4A, a transition between the central zone 410 and the transitional zone 420 may be defined by a first (principal) transition point, denoted tp-Sl-12, and a rotational chief-ray 411, e.g., as described below.

[00249] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 4A, rotational chief-ray 411 may be related to the central zone 410 and may cross the transition point tp-Sl-12. [00250] In some demonstrative aspects, rotational chief-ray 411 may be at a rotational angle, denoted aRl, with respect to the optical axis of hybrid lens 400, and may cross from a first- side to a second- side of hybrid optical lens 400 via the first transition point tp-Sl-12.

[00251] In some demonstrative aspects, a transition between the transitional zone 420 and peripheral zone 410 may be defined by a second (principal) transition point, denoted tp-S2-23, and a peripheral chief-ray 431, e.g., as described below.

[00252] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 4A, rotational chief-ray 431 may be related to the transitional zone 420 and may cross the transition point tp-S2-23. [00253] In some demonstrative aspects, peripheral chief-ray 431 may be at a peripheral angle, denoted aP2, with respect to the optical axis of hybrid lens 400, and may cross from the first-side to the second side of hybrid optical lens 400 via the second transition point tp-S2-23.

[00254] In some demonstrative aspects, a chief ray passing via a transition point may be split into “double chief-rays”, e.g., in back-ray-tracing, for example, due to different optical functions of zones related to a surface in the transition point, e.g., as described below.

[00255] For example, chief ray 411 passing via the transition point transition point tp-

51-12 may be split into two chief-rays, e.g., in back-ray-tracing, for example, due to different optical functions of central zone 410 and transitional zone 420, e.g., as described below.

[00256] For example, chief ray 431 passing via the transition point transition point tp-

52-23 may be split into two chief-rays, e.g., in back-ray-tracing, for example, due to different optical functions of transitional zone 420 and peripheral zone 430, e.g., as described below.

[00257] In some demonstrative aspects, a transition point, e.g., the transition point tp- Sl-12 and/or the transition point tp-S2-23, may be configured based on a predefined maximal angle between chief rays through the transition point, e.g., as described below. [00258] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point, e.g., the transition point tp-Sl -12 and/or the transition point tp-S2-23, may be configured, for example, such that a maximal angle between chief rays through the transition point is no more than 1 degree, e.g., as described below.

[00259] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point, e.g., the transition point tp-Sl -12 and/or the transition point tp-S2-23, may be configured, for example, such that the maximal angle between chief rays through the transition point is no more than 1/5 degree.

[00260] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point, e.g., the transition point tp-Sl -12 and/or the transition point tp-S2-23, may be configured, for example, such that the maximal angle between chief rays through the transition point is no more than 1/10 degree.

[00261] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point, e.g., the transition point tp-Sl -12 and/or the transition point tp-S2-23, may be configured, for example, such that the maximal angle between chief rays through the transition point is no more than 1/20 degree.

[00262] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point, e.g., the transition point tp-Sl -12 and/or the transition point tp-S2-23, may be configured, for example, such that the maximal angle between chief rays through the transition point is no more than 1/30 degree.

[00263] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point, e.g., the transition point tp-Sl -12 and/or the transition point tp-S2-23, may be configured, for example, such that the maximal angle between chief rays through the transition point is no more than 1/40 degree.

[00264] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point, e.g., the transition point tp-Sl -12 and/or the transition point tp-S2-23, may be configured, for example, such that the maximal angle between chief rays through the transition point is no more than 1/50 degree.

[00265] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point, e.g., the transition point tp-Sl -12 and/or the transition point tp-S2-23, may be configured, for example, such that the maximal angle between chief rays through the transition point is no more than 1/60 degree.

[00266] In other aspects, the transition point, e.g., the transition point tp-Sl-12 and/or the transition point tp-S2-23, may be configured based on any other predefined maximal angle between chief rays through the transition point.

[00267] In some demonstrative aspects, in some use cases and/or scenarios, there may be a need to address a technical problem when two fragments, e.g., neighbor and/or continuous fragments, of a hybrid optical lens may have different characteristics, e.g., surfaces, curves, polynomials and/or any other lens-fragment attributes.

[00268] In one example, the different characteristics of the two fragments of the lens may influence a visual perception of a user of the lens. For example, the different characteristics of the two fragments of the lens may result in a discontinuity of images, for example, at transition points between the two fragments.

[00269] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 400 may include continuous surfaces, e.g., Pseudo-Continuous Surfaces (PCS), which may support a continuous image, for example, at the transition points tp-Sl-12 and/or tp-S2-2, e.g., as described below.

[00270] In one example, usage of PCS may allow a slight discontinuity of curves in a transition point, for example, such that by back-tracing of beam rays, a distance between centroids of aberration spots associated with deviations by each surface, which may focus the beam, for a same object may be inside a defined range, e.g., as described below.

[00271] For example, the back-tracing of collimated beam-rays originated in a pupil of the eye 465 may be based on an “object” at the eye-facing side and an “image” of the “object” on the display.

[00272] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 4A, back tracing of a collimated beam around a first rotational chief ray 411, e.g., via the transition point tp- Sl-1, at an angle, denoted ciRl, intercepted with hybrid lens 400 at a distance, denoted r(aRl ), from an optical axis 417 of hybrid optical lens 400, and focused by central zone 410 and transitional zone 420 at a lens back focal distance, denoted Fb, may result in a first beam, denoted al, and a second beam, denoted bl, e.g., as described below. [00273] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 4A, the first beam al may be on a first side of rotational chief ray 411, and may have an RMS error divergence, denoted s(al,aRl ). The RMS error divergence may result, for example, in a spot instead of a focused point at the back focal distance Fb.

[00274] In some demonstrative aspects, the first beam RMS error divergence may be based on the distance r(aR), and/or the angle aR, e.g., e(a1, a(Rl)).

[00275] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 4A, the second beam bl may be on a second side of rotational chief-ray 411, and may have an RMS error divergence, denoted s(bl,aRl ). The RMS error divergence may result in a spot instead of a focused point at the back focal distance Fb.

[00276] In some demonstrative aspects, the second beam RMS error divergence may be based on the distance r(aR), and/or the angle aRl, e.g., s(bl, a(Rl)).

[00277] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 4A, back tracing of a collimated beam around a peripheral chief ray 431, e.g., via the transition point tp-S2- 2, relating to a peripheral angle aP2, and at a distance, denoted r(aP2), from the optical axis 417 of hybrid optical lens 400, may result in a third beam, denoted a2, and a fourth beam, denoted b2, e.g., as described below.

[00278] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 4A, the third beam a2 may be on a first side of peripheral chief-ray 413, and may have a third beam RMS error divergence, denoted e(a2,aR2).

[00279] In some demonstrative aspects, the third beam RMS error divergence may be based on the distance r(aP), and/or the angle aP2, e.g., e(a2, a(P)).

[00280] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 4A, the fourth beam b2 may be on a second side of peripheral chief-ray 413, and may have a fourth beam RMS error divergence, denoted s(b2,aP2).

[00281] In some demonstrative aspects, the fourth beam RMS error divergence may be based on the distance r(aP), and/or the angle aP2, e.g., e(b2, a(P)).

[00282] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 400 may be configured, for example, such that an error divergence difference between two side rays, e.g., rays originated by a same chief ray and differently deviated by neighboring zones, may be based, for example, on an angle between centers of beam RMS divergences of the two side rays, e.g., as described below.

[00283] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 400 may be configured, for example, such that the divergence difference between the two side rays may not be greater than a divergence value. For example, the divergence value may be based on beam RMS error divergences of the two side rays, e.g., as described below.

[00284] In some demonstrative aspects, a divergence difference, denoted sΐ, of rotational chief-ray 411 may be based, for example, on the first beam RMS divergence e(al,aRl) and the second beam RMS divergence e(bl,aRl), e.g., as follows: ol(aRl) < Kec x max( e(al,aRl), e(bl,aRl ))

(3) wherein Kec denotes a “constant of pseudo continuity”, which may be defined, for example, to be less than 2, e.g., less than 0.5, or any other value.

[00285] In some demonstrative aspects, a divergence difference, denoted s2, of peripheral chief-ray 431 may be based on the third beam RMS divergence e(a2,aPl) and the fourth beam RMS divergence e(b2,aPl), e.g., as follows: s2(aR2) < Kec x max( e(a2,aR2)), e(b2,aP2))

(4)

[00286] Reference is made to Fig. 5 A, which schematically illustrates an arrangement 501 of a hybrid optical lens 500 and a display 560, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[00287] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 5A, hybrid optical lens 500 may be configured to direct light from display 560 to an eye 565 of a user. For example, hybrid optical lens 400 (Fig. 4) may include one or more elements of hybrid optical lens 500, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, hybrid optical lens 500.

[00288] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 5A, optical hybrid lens 500 may deviate a rotational chief ray 511, which may be back traced towards an image plane. For example, the object may be initiated at an eye-rotation center with a rotational angle, denoted aRl, e.g., of thirty degrees, e.g., aRl=30°, through an exemplary pupil having a diameter, denoted dPpl, of 4 mm, e.g., dPpl=4mm.

[00289] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 5A, rotational chief ray 511 may be back-traced though a surface, denoted S2-1, of hybrid optical lens 500, and may be split at a first transition point, denoted tp-Sl-12, into two side rays, which may be separated by an angle, denoted dtpSl-12.

[00290] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 5A, the two side rays may result in a first aberration spot having an rRMS size, denoted rRMS-Sl-1, e.g., of three pixels, (e.g., rRMS-Sl-l=3px); and a second aberration spot having an rRMS size, denoted rRMS-Sl-12, for example, of seven pixels, e.g., rRMS-Sl-2=7px.

[00291] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 5A, a centroid-distance, denoted d-Sl-12, between the first and second aberration spots may be about 2px, and most of an aberration of the first spot may be inside an aberration of the second spot. This situation may result in a negligible impact on visual perception through the transition point tp-Sl-12.

[00292] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid lens 500 may be configured, for example, such that the centroid-maximal-distance d-Sl-12 may be based on a function, for example, based on the rRMS sizes of the two aberration spots, e.g., as follows: d-Sl-12 < 50% x max( rRMS( SI -l,Sl-2))

(5A)

[00293] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 5A, optical hybrid lens 500 may deviate a peripheral chief ray 513 towards an object. For example, the object may be initiated at an eye-pupil center of a straight gazing eye with a peripheral angle, denoted aPl, for example, of fifty degrees, e.g., aPl=50°.

[00294] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 5A, peripheral chief ray 513 may be back-traced though a surface, denoted S2-1, of hybrid optical lens 500, and may be split at a second transition point, denoted tp-S2-23, into two side rays, which may be separated by an angle, denoted dtpS2-23.

[00295] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 5A, the two side rays may result in a first aberration spot having an rRMS size, denoted rRMS-S2-2, and a second aberration spot having an rRMS size, denoted rRMS-S2-3.

[00296] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 5A, the aberrations spots resulting from peripheral chief ray 513 may be greater than the rRMS sizes of the two aberration spots resulting from the chief rotational ray 511.

[00297] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 5A, a centroids distance, denoted d-S2-23, between the first and second aberration spots resulting from peripheral chief ray 513 may be about 4px. Accordingly, most of an aberration of the first spot may be inside an aberration of the second spot. This situation may result in a negligible impact on visual perception through the transition point tp-S2-23.

[00298] In some demonstrative aspects, optical hybrid lens 500 may be configured, for example, such that centroids-maximal-distance d-S2-23 may be based on the rRMS sizes of the two aberration spots resulting from peripheral chief ray 513, e.g., as follows: d-S2-23 < 50% x max( rRMS( S2-2,S2-3 ) )

(5B)

[00299] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 5A, the rRMS sizes rRMS- S2-3 and/or rRMS-S2-2 may be less than ten pixels.

[00300] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 500 may be configured, for example, such that a size of aberration spots resulting from the peripheral chief ray may be less than ten pixels., or any other size.

[00301] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 500 may include one or more PCS, e.g., at transition points tp-Sl -12 and/or tp-S2-23. For example, back-tracing of rays through transition points tp-Sl -12, tp-Sl -23, tpS2-12 and/or tp-S2-23 may sustain pseudo-continuity of corresponding transition-point surfaces. However, a number of PCS within hybrid optical lens 500 may not be limited, such that more flexibility for local optimization of zones may be possible, which may result in better merits of hybrid optical lens 500.

[00302] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-Sl -12 may be configured based on a predefined maximal value of the angle dtpSl-12 between the chief rays through the transition point, e.g., as described below.

[00303] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-Sl -12 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpSl-12 is no more than 1 degree, e.g., as described below.

[00304] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-Sl -12 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpSl-12 is no more than 1/5 degree.

[00305] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-Sl-12 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpSl-12 is no more than 1/10 degree.

[00306] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-Sl-12 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpSl-12 is no more than 1/20 degree.

[00307] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-Sl-12 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpSl-12 is no more than 1/30 degree.

[00308] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-Sl-12 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpSl-12 is no more than 1/40 degree.

[00309] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-Sl-12 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpSl-12 is no more than 1/50 degree.

[00310] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-Sl-12 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpSl-12 is no more than 1/60 degree.

[00311] In other aspects, the transition point tp-Sl -12 may be configured based on any other predefined maximal value for the angle dtpSl-12.

[00312] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-S2-23 may be configured based on a predefined maximal value of the angle dtpS2-23 between the chief rays through the transition point, e.g., as described below.

[00313] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-S2-23 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpS2-23 is no more than 1 degree, e.g., as described below.

[00314] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-S2-23 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpS2-23 is no more than 1/5 degree.

[00315] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-S2-23 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpS2-23 is no more than 1/10 degree.

[00316] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-S2-23 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpS2-23 is no more than 1/20 degree.

[00317] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-S2-23 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpS2-23 is no more than 1/30 degree.

[00318] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-S2-23 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpS2-23 is no more than 1/40 degree.

[00319] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-S2-23 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpS2-23 is no more than 1/50 degree.

[00320] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-S2-23 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpS2-23 is no more than 1/60 degree.

[00321] In other aspects, the transition point tp-S2-23 may be configured based on any other predefined maximal value for the angle dtpS2-23.

[00322] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-Sl-12 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpSl -12 is based on a Degrees per Pixel (DpP) parameter of the arrangement 501, e.g., as described below. [00323] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-Sl-12 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpSl-12 is Ktp x DpP, wherein Ktp denotes a transition-point coefficient, e.g., in units of pixels.

[00324] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-S2-23 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpS2-23 is based on a DpP parameter of the arrangement 501, e.g., as described below.

[00325] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition point tp-S2-23 may be configured, for example, such that the maximal value of the angle dtpS2-23 is Ktp x DpP.

[00326] In some demonstrative aspects, the transition-point coefficient Ktp may be in a range [0:2]. In other aspects, any other transition-point coefficient Ktp may be implemented.

[00327] In some demonstrative aspects, the DpP parameter of the arrangement 501 may be an inverse of a Pixel per Degree (PpD) parameter of the arrangement 501, e.g., as described below. [00328] Reference is made to Fig. 5B, which schematically illustrates a scheme to determine a PpD parameter and a DpP parameter with respect to the arrangement 501, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[00329] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 5B, the PpD parameter and the DpP parameter may be defied, for example, using back-ray-tracing, e.g., as described below.

[00330] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 5B, a chief ray 580a may represent a visual field, e.g., a peripheral or rotational visual field, with an angle a. [00331] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 5B, a chief ray 580c may be a half delta alpha (l/2da) above the chief ray 580a, and a chief ray 580b may be a half delta alpha (l/2da) below the chief ray 580a.

[00332] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 5B, back-trace-rays of the chief rays 580a, 580b, and 580c may hit the display 560, for example, with a distance, denoted dX, between points on the display hit by the rays 580c and 580b.

[00333] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 5B, the distance dX may correspond to amount of pixels dPx(a) per angle a.

[00334] For example, the PpD, denoted PpD(a), corresponding to the angle a may be determined, for example, by PpD(a) = dPx(a)/da.

[00335] For example, the DpP, denoted DpP(a), corresponding to the angle a may be determined, for example, as an inverse of PpD(a). For example, the DpP(a) may represent a pseudo -continuity of a surface, for example, as a function of the PpD. [00336] For example, the DpP(a) may be determined, for example, by DpP( a)= da/dP x( a ) .

[00337] Reference is made to Fig. 6A and to Fig 6B, which schematically illustrate back-tracing of rays via a hybrid optical lens 600, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[00338] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 600 may be configured to direct light from a display, e.g., display 160 (Fig. 1), to an eye of a user, e.g., eye 165 (Fig. 1). For example, hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of hybrid optical lens 600, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, hybrid optical lens 600.

[00339] In some demonstrative aspects, in some use cases and/or scenarios, there may be a need to address a technical problem, for example, when rotating the eye and/or the head the user, for example, towards a stimuli on the display, e.g., as described below. [00340] In one example, a user may use peripheral vision for situational awareness of a scene. For example, when an event of interest happens at a peripheral angle, the peripheral angle may be estimated, for example, by a user’s brain, and the user may have an instinct reaction to bring the event into central vision, for example, by a gaze shift of the eye and/or a head rotation to that peripheral angle.

[00341] In one example, since the gaze shift of the eye may be much faster than the head rotation, an analysis of the gaze-shift may be required to bring the event to the central vision, and analysis of the head rotation may be skipped.

[00342] In some demonstrative aspects, the eye rotation during the gaze shift of the eye 665 to the event may correspond to a rotation between an angle, denoted aRi, of a chief rotational ray, and a second angle, denoted aPi, of a chief peripheral ray, e.g., aRi = aPi, for example, to match reality and an accurate visual perception.

[00343] In one example, the chief rotational ray may be back-traced with an origin at a center of rotation 667 of eye 665.

[00344] In another example, the chief peripheral ray may be back-traced with an origin at the pupil 666 of a straight gaze of eye 665.

[00345] According to these examples, hybrid optical lens 600 may be configured, for example, such that the chief rays may hit a same pixel of the display.

[00346] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 600 may be configured to match the chief peripheral ray and the chief rotational ray, for example, based on a gaze condition (also referred to as a “Gaze Invariant Condition (GIC)”, and/or a “gaze/head invariant condition (GHIC)”).

[00347] In some demonstrative aspects, the gaze condition may define a maximal distance between centers of a first beam and a second beam, e.g., as describe below. [00348] In some demonstrative aspects, the first beam may include a focused beam at a back focal distance of hybrid optical lens 600, for example, such that a collimated beam may have a pupil diameter originated around the chief peripheral ray from a center of pupil 666 of a straight gazing eye.

[00349] In some demonstrative aspects, the second beam may include a focused beam at the back focal distance of hybrid optical lens 600, for example, such that the collimated beam may have a pupil diameter originated around the chief rotational ray from eye-center 667 of a rotated eye gazing toward an event, e.g., as described below. [00350] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 6A and 6B, back-tracing of a collimated beam having a diameter of the eye-pupil and around a chief peripheral ray at an angle, denoted aPi, may result in a first beam RMS error divergence, denoted e(aPi).

[00351] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 6A, back-tracing of a chief rotational ray, e.g., when rotating the eye 665 towards the event, at an angle, denoted aRi, may result in a second beam RMS error divergence, denoted e(aRi).

[00352] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 6A, an approximate travel distance of the chief rays may include a sum of a central-to-front lens distance, denoted Tc2f, and a back focal distance, denoted Fb.

[00353] In some demonstrative aspects, the central to front lens distance Tc2f may include a distance between a center of hybrid optical lens 600and a display- side of hybrid optical lens 600; and/or the back focal distance Fb may include a distance between the display side of hybrid optical lens 600 and the focal point of hybrid optical lens 600. For example, the center of hybrid optical lens 600 may be defined, for example, as having an equal distance from a surface, denoted Sl-1, and a surface, denoted S2-1, and proportional to an optical power of the surfaces Sl-1 and S2-1, [00354] In some demonstrative aspects, a distance, denoted daRPi, may be defined as a distance between centers of beam diversions of rotational and peripheral chief rays at the distance Fb.

[00355] In some demonstrative aspects, the gaze condition may be defined, for example, based on the distance daRPi , e.g., as follows: daRPi < Kei x 2 x (Tc2f + Fb) x max ( tang (½ e(aRi)), tang (½ e(aRΐ)) )

(6) wherein Kei denotes a coefficient of invariance, which may be less than 10, e.g., less than 0.5, or any other value.

[00356] Reference is made to Fig. 7, which schematically illustrates an arrangement 701 of a hybrid optical lens 700 and a display 760, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[00357] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 7, hybrid optical lens 700 may be configured to direct light from display 760 to an eye 765 of a user. For example, hybrid optical lens 600 (Fig. 6) may include one or more elements of hybrid optical lens 700, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, hybrid optical lens 700.

[00358] In some demonstrative aspects, an eye rotation during a gaze shift of the eye 765 to an event may correspond to a rotation between an angle, denoted aRi, of a chief rotational ray, and a second angle, denoted aPi, of a chief peripheral ray, e.g., aRi = aPi, for example, to match reality and an accurate visual perception.

[00359] In one example, the chief rotational ray may be back-traced, e.g., originated at a center of rotation 767 of eye 765.

[00360] In another example, the chief peripheral ray may be back-traced, e.g., originated at the pupil center 766 of a straight gazing eye.

[00361] According to these examples, hybrid optical lens 700 may be configured such that the chief rays may hit a same pixel of the display.

[00362] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 7, due to optical aberrations for out of center vision field angles, e.g., a rotational gaze aRl compared to a peripheral vision angle aPi of a same angle a, aberration spots may have a size of a few pixels, e.g., as described above with respect to the Vision acuity trade-offs.

[00363] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 7, a maximal distance, denoted daRPl, may define a distance between centroids of aberration spots, denoted rRMS(aRl ) and rRMS(aPl ).

[00364] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 700 may be configured, for example, such that the distance daRPl may fit the gaze condition.

[00365] In some demonstrative aspects, the distance daRPl may be based on sizes of the centroids of the aberration spots, for example, according to the gaze condition, e.g., as follows: daRPl < 50%xMax(rRMS(aPl),rRMS(aRl))

(7)

[00366] In some demonstrative aspects, the distance daRPl may be based on the gaze condition, for example, since the chief rays at the angles aRl and aPi may be refracted through different surface fragments from both sides of hybrid optical lens 700, and the surface fragments may have different mathematical implementations.

[00367] In some demonstrative aspects, assuming that geometrical distortions and/or a peripheral compression of hybrid optical lens 700 may be compensated, there may be a correspondence between each pixel position of the scene and realistic angles of the scene. For example, hybrid optical lens 700 may be designed to support the GIC, for example, up to a maximal supported gaze-shift angle, e.g., an angle much bigger than a gaze shift in the eye rotation comfort zone.

[00368] In some demonstrative aspects, the maximal peripheral FoV may be much larger than a rotational FoV. [00369] In some demonstrative aspects, a first scenario or a second scenario may be implemented, for example, for a gaze angle greater than a predefined maximal rotational angle e.g., as described below.

[00370] In some demonstrative aspects, in the first scenario, a head rotation angle, denoted aH2 , may be equal to the peripheral angle aP2, e.g., aH2 = aP2, for example, shifting a pixel of an event to a center of scene.

[00371] In some demonstrative aspects, in the second scenario, a sum of the head rotation angle aH2, and a rotational angle, denoted aR3, may be equal to the peripheral angle aP2, e.g., aH3 + aR3 = aP2. For example, the second scenario may include shifting the pixel of the event to the center of scene, while compensating for the head rotation aH3, e.g., shifting to aP2 - aH3.

[00372] In some demonstrative aspects, when the condition of the GIC is met for both scenarios, the Gaze/Head-Rotation Invariant Condition (GHRIC) may be used, which may combine the head movement with the gaze of the eye.

[00373] In one example, a system implementing arrangement 701 may include an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) to support the GHRIC.

[00374] Reference is made to Fig. 8A, which schematically illustrates a hybrid optical lens 800, to Fig 8B, which schematically illustrates a graph 802 depicting deviation angles versus ray angles of rays refracted by hybrid optical lens 800, and to Fig 8C, which schematically illustrates a graph 803 depicting mapping functions of the rays deviated by hybrid optical lens 800, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects. [00375] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 800 may be configured to direct light from a display, e.g., display 160 (Fig. 1), to an eye of a user, e.g., eye 165 (Fig. 1). For example, hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of hybrid optical lens 800, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, hybrid optical lens 800.

[00376] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 8, hybrid optical lens 800 may include a plurality of zones, e.g., three zones, for example, a central zone 810, a transitional zone 820, and/or a peripheral zone 830. For example, central zone 110 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of central zone 810, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, central zone 810; transitional zone 120 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of transitional zone 820, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, transitional zone 820; and/or peripheral zone 130 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of peripheral zone 830, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, peripheral zone 830.

[00377] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 800 may be configured to deviate rays according to a mapping function, e.g., as described below.

[00378] In some demonstrative aspects, the mapping function may be configured to support, for example, an optical compression of a scene, e.g., to be displayed on a display, e.g., display 160 (Fig. 1), e.g., as described below.

[00379] In one example, in HMDs and/or NEDs ocular optics may refract rays generated by objects on a display into collimated beams. For example, there may be a correspondence between an object location on the display and the collimated beam angle versus an optical axis of the ocular.

[00380] In one example, content on the display may be a zoomed-out projection, e.g., of a realistic scene onto a 2D surface. According to this example, in order to present the content realistically, a mapping function may be configured to define a relation between a center of scene and pixels representing objects under a certain view angle, denoted a, e.g., as described below.

[00381] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 8 A, a mapping function according to a linear deviation of rays 832, e.g., back traced rays, may result in rays, which may not hit the display, e.g., for example, at the edge of peripheral zone 830. [00382] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 8 A, a mapping function according to a compressed deviation of rays 832 may allow rays 832 to hit the display. [00383] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 8B, an angle difference, denoted dz, may relate to a back-traced ray originated at a pupil of a straight gazing eye at a viewing angle, denoted az, with respect to an optical axis of hybrid optical lens 800,

[00384] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 8B, the angle difference dz, may define a difference between a linear deviation, e.g., by a “linear” lens having same substrate surfaces as hybrid optical lens 800 but with different optical functions, and a compressed deviation of the ray by hybrid optical lens 800.

[00385] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 8B, the angle difference dz may increase, for example, when the viewing angle a increases.

[00386] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 8B, the angle difference Sz at central zone 810 may be about zero.

[00387] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 8B, the angle difference Sz at peripheral zone 830 may be greater than the angle difference d_z at transitional zone 820, and greater than the angle difference Sz in central zone 810.

[00388] In some demonstrative aspects, the mapping function may be configured to deviate the viewing angle a into a compressed deviated angle, for example, based on the plurality of zones of hybrid optical lens 800, for example, to provide an angle difference Sz, which may allow rays 830 to reach the display.

[00389] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 8C, a first mapping function may behave, for example, according to a curve 812, for example, according to a linear deviation; a second mapping function may be defined by a curve 814, for example, according to a first compressed configuration of hybrid optical lens 800; and/or a third mapping function may be defined by a curve 816, for example, according to a second compressed configuration of hybrid optical lens 800.

[00390] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 8C, a compression of the second mapping function may be greater than a compression of the third mapping function.

[00391] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 8C, the first and second compressed configurations may not perform compression with respect to the central zone 810.

[00392] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 8C, the second compressed configuration may perform a relatively slight compression, e.g., with respect to the transitional zone 820, while the second compressed configuration may perform an exponential compression, e.g., with respect to the transitional zone 820.

[00393] In some demonstrative aspects, the first mapping function may be defined, e.g., as follows:

Linear Mapping: MapLin(a) = tang( a x pi( ) / 180°)

(8)

[00394] In some demonstrative aspects, the third mapping function, e.g., corresponding to curve 816, may be defined, for example, based on the plurality of zones of hybrid optical lens 800, e.g., as follows:

MapConfl(Zonel,a) = MapLin(Zonel ,a)

MapConfl(Zone2,a) = MapLin(Zone2,a) * (l/fz2(Zone2,a)), where fz2 is z2Al+z2A2 x a^Ab1_z2, where b1_z2 < 1.2

MapConfl(Zone3,a) = MapLin(Zone3,a) * (l/fz3(Zone2,a)), where fz3 is z3Al +z3A2 x a^Ab1_z3 +z3A3 x a b2_z3 (9) wherein 1.2 < b1_z3 < 2 and b2_z3 =4;

[00395] In some demonstrative aspects, the second mapping function, e.g., corresponding to curve 814, may be defined, for example, based on the plurality of zones of hybrid optical lens 800, e.g., as follows:

MapConfl(Zonel,a) = MapLin(Zonel ,a)

MapConfl(Zone2,a) = MapLin(Zone2,a) * (l/fz2(Zone2,a)), where fz2 is z2Al +z2A2 x a^Lb_z2, where b_z2 < 2

MapConfl(Zone3,a) = MapLin(Zone3,a) * (l/fz3(Zone2,a)), where fz3 is z3Al +z3A2 x a^Ab_z3, where b_z3 > 2

(10)

[00396] In other aspects, the first, second, and/or third mapping functions may be defined according to any other additional or alternative parameters and/or settings. [00397] In other aspects, any other additional or alternative mapping functions may be implemented.

[00398] Reference is made to Fig. 9A, which schematically illustrates a graph 902 depicting mapping functions of a hybrid optical lens, and to Fig 9B, which schematically illustrates a first display 962, and a second display 964, to be displayed via the hybrid optical lens, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects. For example, one or more of the mapping functions of Fig. 9A may be implemented with respect to the hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1).

[00399] In some demonstrative aspects, the hybrid optical lens, e.g., hybrid optical lens 800 (Fig. 8), may be configured to present content realistically. Accordingly, the hybrid optical lens, e.g., hybrid optical lens 800 (Fig. 8), may be configured such that a relation between a center of scene and pixels representing objects under a certain viewing angle, denoted a, may comply with a linear mapping function, e.g., as follows:

Kpx/° x (( tang( a x pi( ) / 180°) / (a x pi( ) / 180°) ) x a,

(ID wherein Kpx/° denotes a number of pixels per degree in central FoV, e.g. up to 10°, or any other value.

[00400] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 9A, a curve 902 may define the linear mapping function of a hybrid optical lens with focal length of 36mm.

[00401] In one example, Equation 11 may correspond to curve 812 (Fig. 8), for example, when hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1) has a focal length of 36mm. [00402] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 9A and 9B, the linear mapping function may not be suitable to originate rays outside a pixel zone, which is in a diagonal ending at an offset greater than SQRT(2)*((52/2))mm=36.7mm from a visual axis of the hybrid optical lens, e.g., when the size of the display 962 is 52x52mm. [00403] In some demonstrative aspects, the hybrid optical lens, e.g., hybrid optical lens 800 (Fig. 8A), may support two compression configurations.

[00404] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 9B, in a central zone, denoted Zonel, of the hybrid optical lens, e.g., up to 30°, there may be no compression and linearity may be preserved.

[00405] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 9B, a first mapping function, denoted Configl, may cause a stronger peripheral optical compression, which may start in a transitional zone, denoted Zone2, of the hybrid optical lens, while a second mapping function, denoted Config2, may sustain linearity at the transitional zone, which may result in an improved visual fidelity, and the compression may start from the peripheral zone.

[00406] In one example, the first mapping function Configl may correspond to curve 814 (Fig. 8), and/or the second mapping function Config2 may correspond to curve 816 (Fig. 8).

[00407] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 9B, the compression of the first and second mapping functions may be exponential, e.g., as function of a degree, and may be possible, for example, due to a concave substrate of the peripheral zone 830 (Fig. 8).

[00408] In one example, there may be a trade-off between a compression amplitude and peripheral visual fidelity. Accordingly, for a larger display, less compression may be required.

[00409] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 9B, display 962 may comply with a standard 2.9” 1440x1440 or 2160x2160 LCD display, e.g., which may be used for mixed reality HMDs, or any other display.

[00410] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 9B, in order to reach a 170° monocular diagonal FoV at display 962, the half diagonal dimension of 36.7mm may correspond to an angle of 85°, which may result in about xlO maximal compression. [00411] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 9B, a form factor of display 962 may be a limited binocular horizontal FoV of 120°.

[00412] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 9B, second display 964 may include a side-by-side split configuration for left and right eyes, e.g., as may be implemented by a smartphone display.

[00413] In some demonstrative aspects, second display 964 may include a right-side portion 965 and a left-side portion 967.

[00414] In some demonstrative aspects, second display 964 may be divided and configured equally and with mirror symmetry for right-side portion 965 and left-side portion 967, and a same compression map function may be used for both sides. However, for explanation of different compression possibilities, for example, a first compression configuration may be demonstrated by right-side portion 965 and a second compression configuration may be demonstrated by left-side portion 967.

[00415] In some demonstrative aspects, right-side portion 965 may use the second compression configuration (Config2), and the left- side portion 967 may the first compression configuration (Configl).

[00416] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 9B, right-side portion 965 may be configured to provide a binocular horizontal FoV of 170°.

[00417] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 9B, left-side portion 967 may be configured to provide a binocular diagonal FoV of 170°.

[00418] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 9B, the hybrid optical lens, e.g., hybrid optical lens 800 (Fig. 8), may be configured to allow an extra vertical dimension for right-side portion 965.

[00419] In one example, the hybrid optical lens may be configured to allow an asymmetric vertical allocation in the right-side portion 965, e.g., a bottom FoV of 85° versus a top FoV of 75°, which may match a human FoV.

[00420] In another example, the hybrid optical lens may be configured to allow an asymmetric vertical allocation in the left side portion 967, for example, a bottom gaze of 65°, and a top gaze of 55.

[00421] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 9B, the hybrid optical lens, e.g., hybrid optical lens 800 (Fig. 8), may be configured to allow a first extra horizontal dimension for right-side portion 965. For example, there may be an extra 6mm until the display center of display 964, for example, since right-side portion 965 allocates 26 mm for nasal FoV of 60°, which may be more than a required nasal FoV.

[00422] In some demonstrative aspects, the extra 6mm until the display center of display 964 may be used for an Inter-Pupillary-Distance (IPD) adjustment, for example, which may result in a reduction in the IPD of about 6 x 2 = 12 mm. [00423] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 9B, the hybrid optical lens, e.g., hybrid optical lens 800 (Fig. 8), may be configured to allow a second extra horizontal dimension, e.g., for right-side portion 965, e.g., as described below.

[00424] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 9B, there may be an extra non-utilized area of about 7mm at a distant edge of display 964, which may also be used for an IPD adjustment. For example, the IPD adjustment may result in an increase in the IPD of up to about 7x 2 = 14 mm.

[00425] In some demonstrative aspects, the hybrid optical lens, e.g., hybrid optical lens 800 (Fig. 8), may be configured to allow a total IPD range of about [52-78] mm, which may cover a vast population, e.g., population from kids to an absolute majority of adults.

[00426] In one example, in some use cases, headsets may be designed without an IPD regulation, e.g., with an average of a 64mm IPD preset.

[00427] In some demonstrative aspects, the second mapping function may be used, for example, for headsets without the IPD regulation.

[00428] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 9B, left-side portion 967 may be used according to the second mapping function, which may provide a better visual fidelity in the transitional zone and the peripheral zone, e.g., due to less compression, e.g., a maximal compression may be about 7 times compared to a maximal compression of about 10 times.

[00429] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 9B, the hybrid optical lens, e.g., hybrid optical lens 800 (Fig. 8), may allow mapping of objects from a linear 2D scene to a pixel, for example, according to the second compression configuration, which may provide an increased user perception, e.g., a realistic scene without distortions. [00430] However, as shown in Fig. 9B, the second compression configuration may be less preferable for the IPD adjustment, e.g., as there may be substantially no extra dimensions or adjustment of IPD, e.g., by compromising nasal and/or temporal FoV. [00431] Reference is made to Fig. 10, which schematically illustrates surface structures of a hybrid optical lens 1000, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[00432] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 10, hybrid optical lens 1000 may be configured to direct light from a display 1060 to an eye 1065 of a user. For example, hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of hybrid optical lens 1000, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, hybrid optical lens 1000. [00433] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 10, hybrid optical lens 1000 may include a plurality of zones, e.g., three zones, for example, a central zone 1010, a transitional zone 1020, and/or a peripheral zone 1030. For example, central zone 110 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of central zone 1010, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, central zone 1010; transitional zone 120 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of transitional zone 1020, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, transitional zone 1020; and/or peripheral zone 130 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of peripheral zone 1030, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, peripheral zone 1030.

[00434] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 10, a surface, denoted S2-1, and a surface, denoted Sl-1, of central zone 1010, may be convex, for example, to distribute a refractive power, e.g., to increase an optical power of central zone 1010, and/or to optimize a visual fidelity of central zone 1010.

[00435] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 10, a surface-substrate, denoted S2-3-s, of peripheral zone 1030 may be concave or plano-to-concave, for example, to increase a FoV of hybrid optical lens 1000.

[00436] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 10, a surface, denoted S2-2, of transitional zone 1020 may be convex to a range of decreased-convex to Plano. [00437] In one example, a decreased-convex may be based on a slope of a Convex surface and a function, denoted Kdcx(r), e.g., as follows:

SlopeCx: SlopeDCx = Kdcx( r) x SlopeCx

(12) wherein r denotes a distance from an optical axis of the hybrid lens 1000, and Kdcx(r) may be less than 1 and monotonically decreasing.

[00438] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 10, the surface S2-2 in transitional zone 1020 may be smooth, for example, such that degradation of visual fidelity may be minimal.

[00439] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 10, hybrid optical lens 1000 may be configured according to a first optical function, denoted S2-3-s+f, and/or a second optical function, denoted SI -23-s+f

[00440] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 10, the first optical function S2-3-s+f may be pseudo-continuous with the surface 52-2, the Gaze Invariant condition, and/or the Gaze-Head Invariant condition, e.g., to comply with the gaze condition and/or the gaze/head condition.

[00441] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 10, the optical function S2-3- s+f may be typically piano, and a range of curvatures of the optical function S2-3-s+f may be slightly concave, e.g., to optimize drafting angles, and up-to slightly convex. [00442] In some demonstrative aspects, a slope of slight-convex surface, denoted SlopeSCx, may be defined for a angles > 60° : SlopeSCx < 90° - a, for example, for a=85°, SlopeSCx < 5°.

[00443] In some demonstrative aspects, a slope of slight-concave surface, denoted SlopeSCv, may be defined to reduce an optic power, and therefore may be limited by a slope, which may be, for example, less than ten degrees, e.g., SlopeSCv < 10°.

[00444] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 10, a surface-substrate, denoted S2-3-s, of peripheral zone 1030 may include a Fresnel surface including draft facets at respective draft angles.

[00445] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 10, draft angles 1051, denoted₎Drf( ri ), of the surface S2-3-s may be negative.

[00446] In some demonstrative aspects, the drafting angles 1051 of the drafting facets may be negative, for example, in order to minimize a blocking effect of draft facets rays, e.g., via the draft facets, and/or to maximize the visual fidelity.

[00447] In some demonstrative aspects, draft angles 1051 may be configured based on a distance r from an optical axis of hybrid optical lens 1000, and/or may be based on the plurality of zones of hybrid optical lens 1000.

[00448] In some demonstrative aspects, draft angles, pitch, and/or height of draft angles 1051 may be configured, for example, based on the distance from the optical axis of hybrid optical lens 1000, and/or based on the plurality of zones of hybrid optical lens 1000.

[00449] In some demonstrative aspects, draft angles 1051 may be manufactured, for example, by a precise Computer Numerical Control (CNC) turning.

[00450] In some demonstrative aspects, draft angles 1052, denoted flDrf(ri), of the surface S2-3-S may be manufactured, for example, by injection molding.

[00451] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 10, draft angles 1052 may be positive, for example, to enable ejection of lens from the mold.

[00452] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 10, draft angles 1052 may block an increased amount of rays. For example, a Chief Ray, denoted CRr, may be blocked, by draft angles 1052, while the Chief Ray CRr may not be blocked by draft angles 1051.

[00453] In some demonstrative aspects, draft angles 1052 may be configured based on the plurality of zones of hybrid optical lens 1000, and/or based on a distance from an optical axis of hybrid optical lens 1000.

[00454] In some demonstrative aspects, draft angles, pitch, and/or height of draft angles 1052 may be based on the plurality of zones of hybrid optical lens 1000, and/or based on a distance from an optical axis of hybrid optical lens 1000.

[00455] In some demonstrative aspects, a degree of draft angles 1052 may be minimal, e.g., not greater than 0.1°, for example, to allow ejection of the lens, e.g., without getting the lens stuck in the mold.

[00456] In some demonstrative aspects, draft angles 1052 may be configured according to a “free angle function”, which may not be limited, for example, to be monotonically increasing, to constant angle value, or free function with multiple peaks and valleys. [00457] In one example, pitch and/or height of draft angles 1052 and/or 1051 may be configured, for example, based on a mixed mode weighting. For example, the mixed mode weighting may initially provide some weight for the gaze-shift eye rotation, and at the end all weight may be provided for a straight gazing eye, e.g., for peripheral vision.

[00458] In one example, pitch and/or height of draft angles 1051 may create undercuts and/or a weighted angle, denoted >Drf( ri ), between deviation of a first chief ray, denoted /ICRpfr), e.g., directed to a pupil of a straight gazing eye, and a second chief ray, denoted bqϊb r), e.g., directed to an eye rotation center pCRr(r), for example, such that the weighted angle may be based on the first and second chief rays, e.g., as follows: f>Drf( r) = wp(r) x f>CRp( r) + wr(r) x f>CRr( r)

(13) wherein wp(r=tp-S2-23) ~ wr(r=tp-S2-23) ~ 0.5; wp(r=end of Zone 3) is close to l;and wr(r=end of Zone 3) is close to 0.

[00459] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 1000 may be configured such that draft angles 1052 may vary, for example, based on the distance from the optical axis and/or based on the plurality of zones, and according to an eject-ability from a negative mold after injection and/or compression or casting consolidation of the raw material.

[00460] Reference is made to Figs. 11A and 11B, which schematically illustrate surface structures of a hybrid optical lens 1100, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[00461] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 11A and 1 IB, hybrid optical lens 1100 may be configured to direct light from a display 1160 to an eye 1165 of a user. For example, hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of hybrid optical lens 1100, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, hybrid optical lens 1100.

[00462] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 11A and 1 IB, hybrid optical lens 1100 may include a plurality of zones, e.g., three zones, for example, a central zone 1110, a transitional zone 1120, and/or a peripheral zone 1130. For example, central zone 110 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of central zone 1110, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, central zone 1110; transitional zone 120 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of transitional zone 1120, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, transitional zone 1120; and/or peripheral zone 130 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of peripheral zone 1130, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, peripheral zone 1130.

[00463] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 11A and 11B, a surface- substrate, denoted Sis, for example, the surface of the display-side of transitional zone 1120 and peripheral zone 1130, may be used to approximate location of ray interception.

[00464] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 11A and 11B, the surface Si may include a Fresnel surface including a Fresnel structure, which may oscillate around or near a substrate of hybrid lens 1100. For example, the Fresnel structure may be configured for refraction of rays.

[00465] In some demonstrative aspects, the Fresnel structure may have an optical sub structure 1131 configured to refract an intercepted ray, for example, according to an optical function.

[00466] In some demonstrative aspects, a first optical function, denoted Sls+f, which may relate to an eye-side surface SI, and/or a second optical function, denoted, SI -23- s+f, which may relate to a display- side surface of transitional zone 102 and/or peripheral zone 1030, may include a sum of an optical function of the substrate, e.g., substrate sags, and an optical function of the Fresnel surface, e.g., Fresnel sags. [00467] In other aspects, the first and/or second optical functions may be set, for example, based on the Fresnel curve slopes.

[00468] In some demonstrative aspects, the Fresnel structure may have an elevation sub-structure 1132, which may be configured to “elevate” an optical surface of the surface-substrate Sis above the substrate.

[00469] In some demonstrative aspects, the elevation sub-structure 1132 may be configured to cause a first parasitic effect, denoted PA1, for example, by blocking and/or scattering rays intended to reach a pupil of eye 1165.

[00470] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 11A and 11B, a transition 1135 between the elevation sub-structure 1132 and the optical sub-structure 1131 may be non-sharp, e.g., due to manufacturing constraints.

[00471] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 11A and 1 IB, transition 1135 may have a first radius, denoted Rtrm, e.g., resulting from a corresponding radius of a molded tool, having an edge with the corresponding radius.

[00472] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 11A and 1 IB, transition 1135 may have a second radius, denoted Rtrd, e.g., resulting from and/or corresponding to a direct tool radius, e.g., which may be used to manufacture the surface SI -2 and SI -3. [00473] In some demonstrative aspects, the first radius Rtrm and/or the second radius Rtrd may allow non-intended rays (also referred to as “stray light” or “god-rays”), which may be generated by objects for other field angles, to enter the pupil 1167 of the eye 1165.

[00474] In some demonstrative aspects, the non-intended rays may cause a second parasitic effect, denoted PA2.

[00475] In some demonstrative aspects, when the first radius Rtrm and/or the second radius Rtrd are relatively small, e.g., very sharp transitions, a third parasitic effect, denoted PA3, may occur, e.g., a diffraction parasitic effect.

[00476] In some demonstrative aspects, the parasitic effects PA2 and/or PA3 may be reduced, for example, by implementing larger structures with rarer optical-to-elevation structure transitions. However, this implementation may intense the first parasitic effect PA1.

[00477] In some demonstrative aspects, one or more parameters of the elevation sub structure 1132 and/or the optical sub-structure 1131 may be based, for example, on a distance, denoted r, from the visual axis of hybrid optical lens 1100, and/or based on the plurality of zones, denoted Zi, of hybrid optical lens 1100, e.g., as described below. [00478] In one example, oscillation of optical and/or non-optical facets of the Fresnel structure around substrate at the transitional zone 1120 may be defined, for example, based on the distance r, for example, according to a first function. For example, the first function may define a first height, denoted hBS(r), of the optical facet below substrate, and/or a second height, denoted hAS(r), of the non-optical facet above substrate, for example, such that the first and second heights may be about equal, e.g., hAS(r) ~ hBS(r), e.g., as described below.

[00479] In another example, oscillation of optical and non-optical facets of the Fresnel structure at the peripheral zone 1130 may be defined based on the distance r, for example, according to a second function. For example, the second function may define the first height hBS(r) and the second height hAS(r), for example, such that the first and second heights may not be equal and may be negative, e.g., hAS(r) hBS(r).

[00480] In some demonstrative aspects, a degree of a draft angle, denoted aDrfi r), may be based on a zone distance, e.g., denoted hSDi, defining a distance between a beginning of a zone of the plurality of zones and the visual axis of hybrid optical lens 1100.

[00481] In some demonstrative aspects, a degree of the draft angle aDrfir ) may correspond to a chief-ray refraction and/or a deviation, e.g., for a diffraction case, e.g., through corresponding optical structures around a draft structure, e.g., as described below.

[00482] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 11A and 11B, a chief rotational ray, denoted CRr, may be associated with a rotational-gaze of eye 1165, and a chief peripheral ray, denoted CRp, may be associated with a peripheral vision of a straight gaze of eye 1165.

[00483] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 11 A and 1 IB, the draft angle aDrfir ) may be between angles of the rotational and peripheral chief rays, as refracted by the display-facing side of hybrid optical lens 1100, e.g., aDrfir, Z) = { aCRp , aCRr}, wherein r denotes a distance from the optical axis of hybrid optical lens 1100, and Z denotes a zone Number of the plurality of zones.

[00484] In one example, the draft angle aDrf may be configured, e.g., as follows: aDrfihSDl,Z2) = aCRr(hSDl); aDrfihSD2,Z2) = kl x aCRp(hSD2), where 1 >kl>(aCRr(hSD2)/aCRp(hSD2)) and aDrfir, Z2) in-between proportional angles in r={hSDl,hSD2} region; aDrf(hSD3,Z3) = aCRp(hSD3) and aDrfir, Z3) in-between non-linear function angles in r={hSD2,hSD3} region. (14)

[00485] In some demonstrative aspects, in some use cases and/or scenarios, there may be a need to address a technical problem of displacement from the substrate, e.g., as descried below.

[00486] In one example, displacement from the substrate may introduce imprecision in ray deviation between a real Fresnel surface and a theoretical curve of an ideal Fresnel surface.

[00487] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 1100 may include oscillating structures around the substrate, e.g., the optical structures 1131, which may be configured to reduce the imprecisions, e.g., as described below.

[00488] In some demonstrative aspects, one or more parameters of the optical structures 1131 may be based, for example, on the plurality of zones, and/or based on the distance r from the optical axis of hybrid optical lens 1100.

[00489] In some demonstrative aspects, a height above substrate (hAS) of the optical structures 1131 may be based on the plurality of zones, and/or the distance from the optical axis of hybrid optical lens 1100.

[00490] In some demonstrative aspects, an optical function, denoted, Sl-23-s+f, may be elevated above the substrate at a height above-substrate, denoted hAs(ri), and according to the angle of chief rotational ray aCRr (hSDl ).

[00491] In some demonstrative aspects, the optical function SI -23-s+f may be pseudo- continuous with the surface Sl-1 of central zone 1100, and/or may comply with the gaze condition and/or the gaze-head condition.

[00492] In some demonstrative aspects, the elevation above the substrate of the optical function may create an interruption on a fragment, e.g., r={hSDl:(hSDl +hAS(hSDl ) x tang(aCRr(hSDl )))}.

[00493] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 11A and 11B, a groove of an optical function, denoted Slo, may go down steeply until an end of the groove. [00494] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 11A and 11B, the groove may start from a peak, denoted rp_i, rp_i+l, rp_i+..., and may go up steeply until a point, denoted rg_i, rg_i+l, rg_i+..., which may be at an end point of the facet. [00495] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 11A and 11B, there may be a first height difference, denoted hBS(r), between the end of the groove rg_i and the curve of optical function.

[00496] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 11A and 11B, there may be a second height difference, denoted hAS(r), between the point rp-i and the curve of optical function.

[00497] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 11A and 11B, the height difference hBS(r) may be greater than the height difference hAS(r), which may create non optical-elevation to a total height of the groove, denoted hUp(rgi), e.g., hUp(rgl ) = hBS(rgl) + hAS(rgl).

[00498] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 11A and 11B, the point rp-i may be defined, for example, based on the total height hUp(rgi), e.g., as follows: rp2=rgl +hUp(rgl ) x tang(aDrf(rgl )))

(15) wherein r={rgl:rp2} range is interrupting optical surface.

[00499] In one example, a radial displacement for a non-optic facet peak from a previous cotangent optic facet valley may be determined based on a weighted angle, denoted aDrf(r), e.g., (hBS(r)+hAS(r)) x tang(aDrf(r)).

[00500] In some demonstrative aspects, the angle aDrf(r) may include an angle between a first chief ray, denoted aCRp(r), e.g., inside the hybrid lens 1100 that after deviation by eye- side surface may be directed to a pupil of a straight gazing eye, and a second chief ray, denoted aCRr(r), e.g., inside the hybrid lens 1100 that after deviation by eye- side surface may be directed to a center of rotation of eye 1165.

[00501] In some demonstrative aspects, the angle aDrfir ) may be determined based on the first and second chief rays, e.g., as follows: aDrfir) = wp(r) x aCRp(r) + wr(r) x aCRr(r)

(16) wherein wr(r=tp-Sl-12) close to 1; wp(r=tp-Sl-12) close to 0; wp(r=tp-S2-23) ~ wr(r=tp-S2-23) ~ 0.5; wp(r=end of Zone 3) is close to 1; and wr(r=end of Zone 3) is close to 0, or any other definition.

[00502] Reference is made to Fig. 12A, which schematically illustrates a system 1201 including a hybrid optical lens 1200 and a display 1260 to demonstrate a technical problem, which may be addressed in accordance with some demonstrative aspects; and to Fig. 12B, which schematically illustrates a surface structure 1222 of a hybrid optical lens and a surface structure 1224 of a mold 1250 for molding the hybrid optical lens, which may be configured to solve the technical problem of Fig. 12 A, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[00503] In one example, as shown in Fig. 12A, hybrid optical lens 1200 may be configured to direct light from display 1260 to an eye 1265 of a user.

[00504] As shown in Fig. 12A, a display-side surface of a transitional zone, denoted Zone2, of hybrid optical lens 1200 may include a Fresnel surface.

[00505] In some demonstrative aspects, there may be a need to address one or more technical issues, for example, when manufacturing the Fresnel surface, e.g., as described below.

[00506] As shown in Fig. 12A, the display-facing side surface of a transitional zone of hybrid optical lens 1200 may participate in cohimation of one or more unrelated pixels, e.g., from display 1260, e.g., pixels denoted as a thunder symbol, a star symbol, and/or a moon symbol, e.g., via respective rays, e.g., “god rays”, denoted GR3, GR2, GR1, together with a pixel of interest, e.g., denoted by a heart symbol, via a beam ray or rays, denoted BR. According to this example, the unrelated pixels may be seen by the eye 1265 together with the pixel of interest.

[00507] In one example, this technical issue may be, for example, the result of a manufacturing limitation of Fresnel structures, in which there may be a radius in a range of 5um - 20um or any other range, for example, due to a Single Point Diamond Turning (SPDT) machining or any other machine using a Mono-Cristal Diamond tool, or any other tool used in the process if manufacturing the Fresnel surface.

[00508] As shown in Fig. 12A, a direct lens turning may result in a radius, denoted Rtrd, on a surface of hybrid lens 1200.

[00509] As shown in Fig. 12A, the radius Rtrd may refract rays, denoted GR2b and GRlb, in cohimation with the ray CR of the pixel of interest.

[00510] As shown in Fig. 12A, using the SPDT machining to create a negative, e.g., in a molding process to the surface, may result in a radius, denoted Rtrm.

[00511] As shown in Fig. 12A, the radius Rtrm may refract the rays GR3, GR2a, GRla in cohimation with the beam ray or rays BR of the pixel of interest.

[00512] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1) may be configured to include a Fresnel structure, e.g., as shown in Fig. 12B, which may be configured to avoid the undesired cohimation of the one or more unrelated pixels with the pixel of interest, e.g., as described below.

[00513] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 12B, a hybrid optical lens, e.g., hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1), may include structure 1222, which may be configured to block refractions of one or more unwanted rays and/or pixels towards the pupil 1267, e.g., as described below. [00514] In one example, the hybrid optical lens 1200 may be post processed to flatter rounded comers of the radiuses of the Fresnel structure, for example, such that the comers of the Fresnel structure may absorb, scatter, and/or block rays, e.g., to avoid parasitic collimation.

[00515] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 12B, structure 1222 may include blocking structures 1235, which may be configured to absorb, scatter, and/or block rays. For example, blocking structures 1235 may replace the mirror-polished surface of the radius Rtrm.

[00516] In some demonstrative aspects, blocking structures 1235 may include flat surfaces configured to absorb, scatter, and/or block rays.

[00517] In some demonstrative aspects, blocking structures 1235 may partly block intentional and/or may completely block non-intentional refraction directed towards the eye pupil.

[00518] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 12B, structure 1224 of mold 1250 may include blocking structures 1245, which may be configured to absorb, scatter, and/or block rays. For example, blocking structures 1245 may replace the mirror- polished surface of the radius Rtrd.

[00519] In some demonstrative aspects, blocking structures 1245 may include a rigid material or coating, which may be configured to substantially flatten grooves and/or valleys of hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1).

[00520] In one example, mold 1250 may be configured to coat internal edges of surface SI -2, SI -3, and S2-3, with a material, which may create a blocking surface inside the groove.

[00521] In some demonstrative aspects, blocking structures 1245 may be configured to partly block intentional and/or may completely block non-intentional refraction directed toward the eye pupil.

[00522] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 12B, structure 1224 may include blocking structures 1255 configured to absorb, scatter, and/or block rays, for example, from elevation facets of structure 1224. For example, blocking structures 1255 may replace the mirror-polished surface of the elevation facets, e.g., non-optical facets.

[00523] In one example, some or even all of the elevation facets of hybrid optical lens 1200 may be processed to include blocking surfaces 1255.

[00524] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 12B, blocking surfaces 1235, 1245, and/or 1255 may mitigate, obviate and/or eliminate a parasitic effect of the unrelated pixels.

[00525] In some demonstrative aspects, when hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1) includes a molded lenses, the blocking non-optic surfaces may be molded, for example, without a need for post-processing. Accordingly, the parasitic effect of the non-optic surfaces may be eliminated.

[00526] Reference is made to Fig. 13, which schematically illustrates surface structures 1301 of a hybrid optical lens 1300, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects. [00527] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 1300 may be configured to direct light from a display, e.g., display 160 (Fig. 1), to an eye of a user, e.g., eye 165 (Fig. 1). For example, hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of hybrid optical lens 1300, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, hybrid optical lens 1300.

[00528] In some demonstrative aspects, there may be a need to address one or more technical issues, for example, with respect to chromatic aberrations and/or color dispersion, which may be created due to a refraction of a hybrid optical lens.

[00529] In one example, chromatic aberrations may be caused by a parasitic effect of diffraction on transitions in grooves and peaks of a refractive Fresnel structure of the hybrid optical lens.

[00530] In some demonstrative aspects, at least one surface of hybrid optical lens 1300, e.g., an eye-facing side surface and/or a display-facing side surface of hybrid optical lens 1300, may include a diffraction blaze structure configured to compensate for the refractive chromatic aberrations, for example, by refraction, e.g., as described below. [00531] In some demonstrative aspects, both surfaces of hybrid optical lens 1300 may include diffraction blaze structures.

[00532] In other aspects, one of the surfaces of hybrid optical lens 1300 may include a diffraction blaze structure.

[00533] In one example, a display-side diffraction blaze structure may be configured on a display-facing side surface of hybrid optical lens 1300 to shift blue spectrum angles toward green spectrum angles of a same chief ray.

[00534] In another example, an eye-facing side diffraction blaze structure may be configured on an eye-facing side surface of hybrid optical lens 1300 to shift red spectrum angles toward green and blue spectrum of a same chief ray, e.g., as described below. [00535] In some demonstrative aspects, angles of the diffraction blaze structure may be in a phase with parasitic diffraction, which may be created by peaks and valleys of grooves of the diffraction blaze structure. For example, the phase may be shifted to be constructive, which may be part of a refraction chromatic dispersion compensation diffraction, e.g., as described below.

[00536] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 1300 may include one or more blaze structures configured to diffract rays, for example, to compensate for chromatic aberration, which may be caused by refraction of the Fresnel structure and/or smooth lens 1300 surface. For example, the diffractive structures may use diffraction orders, which may add an optical power to the hybrid optical lens 1300, which may allow to reduce a focal distance, or to increase dimensions of a central zone and/or a transitional zone of hybrid optical lens 1300.

[00537] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 1300 may include a first blaze structure 1335 on a first-side of hybrid optical lens 1300, e.g., the eye-facing side of hybrid optical lens 1300.

[00538] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 1300 may include a second blaze structure 1345 on a second-side of hybrid optical lens 1300, e.g., the display facing side of hybrid optical lens 1300.

[00539] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 1300 may include one of blaze structures 1335 and 1345.

[00540] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 1300 may include both blaze structures 1335 and 1345.

[00541] In some demonstrative aspects, blaze structures 1335 and/or 1345 may be configured to provide weak and/or a reduced diffraction, for example, compared to a refraction of a Fresnel or smooth surface without the blaze structures.

[00542] In some demonstrative aspects, the weak and/or a reduced refraction of blaze structures 1335 and/or 1345 may provide an additional optical power of hybrid optical lens 1300. Accordingly, a central zone, denotedZone-i, of hybrid optical lens 1300 may be extended, for example, even without adding to a lens thickness of hybrid optical lens 1300, or without a reduction in a focal distance of hybrid optical lens 1300.

[00543] In some demonstrative aspects, blaze structures 1335 and 1345 may be configured to work in tandem, for example, when hybrid optical lens 1300 includes both blaze structures 1335 and 1345.

[00544] In one example, blaze structures 1345 may be configured to weaken a deviation of a blue-wavelength component, for example, such that after diffraction manipulation of a display-facing side surface of hybrid optical lens 1300, the blue- wavelength component may be collimated with a green-wavelength component. [00545] In another example, blaze structures 1335 may be configured to collimate a red-wavelength component, which may be partly manipulated by a diffractive surface of the eye-side of hybrid optical lens 1300, with the green-wavelength component. [00546] In some demonstrative aspects, blaze structures 1335 and 1345 may be configured to flip-up a parasitic diffraction of the Fresnel surface, for example, into part of global chromatic aberrations compensation by diffraction.

[00547] Reference is made to Fig. 14, which schematically illustrates a hybrid optical lens 1400 and surface structures 1401 of a mold 1401 for molding the hybrid optical lens 1400, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[00548] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 14, hybrid optical lens 1400 may be configured to direct light from a display 1460 to an eye 1465 of a user. For example, hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of hybrid optical lens 1400, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, hybrid optical lens 1400.

[00549] In some demonstrative aspects, there may be a need to address one or more technical issues, for example, to improve optical performance of hybrid optical lens 1400, for example, to mitigate effect of ray scattering, ghosting, and/or the like, e.g., which may result from one or more characteristics of Fresnel surfaces of the hybrid optical lens 1400.

[00550] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 1400 may include one or more diffractive, holographic and/or meta-structures, e.g., nano-diffractive structures, for example, in addition to, or instead of, the structures 1224 and/or 1222 (Fig. 12) described above.

[00551] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 1400 may include the one or more diffractive structures, for example, instead of, or in addition to, diffraction blaze structures, e.g., structures 1335 and/or 1345 (Fig. 13) as described above.

[00552] In some demonstrative aspects, the one or more nano -diffractive structures may include an Anti-Reflective (AR) coating and/or surface, and/or one or more absorbing surfaces, e.g., as described below.

[00553] In some demonstrative aspects, one or more parameters, e.g., a pattern or any other parameter, of the nano-diffractive structures, may be based, for example, on a distance, denoted r, of the nano-diffractive structures from a visual axis of hybrid optical lens 1400, for example, as an optimization of the diffractive layers may depend on an angle of ray incidence.

[00554] In some demonstrative aspects, mold 1401 may include an AR surface, denoted nanoAR(r), configured for molding optical facets 1442 of hybrid optical lens 1400, e.g., on a Fresnel surface.

[00555] In some demonstrative aspects, mold 1401 may include a first absorbing surface, denoted nanoAbsl(r), configured for molding elevation facets 1444 of hybrid optical lens 1400, e.g., on the Fresnel surface, which may be configured to absorb light, e.g., by self-destruction.

[00556] In some demonstrative aspects, mold 1401 may include a second absorbing surface, denoted nanoAbs2(r), configured for molding grooves 1446, which may be configured to absorb light, e.g., by self-destruction. In one example, the grooves may correspond to a radius of a tool for manufacturing a Fresnel surface on hybrid optical lens 1400.

[00557] In some demonstrative aspects, an angle of incidence of the absorbing surfaces may be weighted, for example, based on the plurality of zones and/or based on a distance from a visual axis of hybrid optical lens 1400, for example, similar to the process for determination of the draft angles, e.g., as described above.

[00558] In some demonstrative aspects, a pattern of the AR surface and/or the absorbing surfaces may be based, for example, on the weights of angle of incidence. [00559] For example, weights for rotational-gaze, denoted aRl, for a zone may decrease, for example, as weights for peripheral vision of a straight gaze, denoted aP2, increase, for example, when the distance r increases, and/or as a zone may be further away from the center of hybrid optical lens 1400.

[00560] Reference is made to Fig. 15, which schematically illustrates a controlled ray- deviation layer 1550 of a hybrid optical lens 1500, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[00561] In one example, controlled ray-deviation layer 1500 may be configured to refract and/or diffract rays passing through hybrid optical lens 1500, e.g., as described below.

[00562] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 1500 may be configured to direct light from a display, e.g., display 160 (Fig. 1), to an eye of a user, e.g., eye 165 (Fig. 1). For example, hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of hybrid optical lens 1500, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, hybrid optical lens 1500.

[00563] In some demonstrative aspects, in some use cases and/or scenarios, there may be a need to address a technical aspect of a vergence accommodation conflict (VAC), e.g., as described below.

[00564] In one example, the VAC may occur, for example, when the brain of the user receives mismatching cues between a distance of a virtual 3D object, e.g., a vergence, and a focusing distance, e.g., an accommodation, required for the eyes to focus on that object.

[00565] In one example, monocular accommodation may be stimulated for a certain virtual object distance, for example, in order to resolve the vergence accommodation conflict (VAC).

[00566] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 15, controlled ray-deviation layer 1550 may be configured to controllably change, and/or adjust, a refraction of hybrid optical lens 1500, for example, in order to solve the VAC, e.g., as described below.

[00567] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 150 (Fig. 1) may be configured to control controlled ray-deviation layer 1550, for example, to change the refraction of controlled refraction layer 1550.

[00568] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 15, controlled ray-deviation layer 1550 may be between a first optical layer 1552 on a first side, denoted SI, e.g., the display-facing side, of hybrid optical lens 1500, and a second optical layer 1554 on a second side, denoted S2, e.g., the eye-facing side, of hybrid optical lens 1500. [00569] In some demonstrative aspects, first optical layer 1552 may be configured as a first free-form surface and may be filled with one or more first optical materials, and/or the second optical layer 1552 may be configured as a second free-form surface and may be filled with one or more second optical materials, e.g., different from or same as the first optical materials.

[00570] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 15, controlled refraction layer 1550 may include a first electrode, denoted El, a second electrode, denoted E2, and/or a third electrode, denoted E3.

[00571] In one example, electrodes El, E2 and/or E3 may include a single electrode, an electrode- array, or an electrode-matrix.

[00572] In one example, electrodes E1-E3 may include, or may be implemented in the form of, a transparent addressable electrodes matrix.

[00573] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 15, controlled ray-deviation layer 1550 may include a first Liquid Crystal (LC) layer, denoted Li, and/or a second LC layer, denoted L2.

[00574] In some demonstrative aspects, LC layer LI may be between electrode El and electrode E2, and/or LC layer L2 may be between electrode E2 and electrode E3. [00575] In some demonstrative aspects, LC layer LI may include a first LC polymer; and/or LC layer L2 may include a second LC polymer, e.g., different from the first LC polymer.

[00576] In some demonstrative aspects, electrode E2 may include a first electrode, denoted E2a, a second electrode, denoted E2b, and an insulator layer, denoted Is, e.g., between first electrode E2a and second electrode E2b.

[00577] In one example, electrodes E2a and/or E2b may include a single electrode, an electrode-array, or an electrode-matrix.

[00578] In one example, insulator layer Is may include a transparent insulator, which may have an optical function of diffraction, hologram, and/or meta-surface.

[00579] In some demonstrative aspects, an electrode, e.g., each electrode of an electrode-array or an electrodes-matrix, of electrodes El, E2, E2a, E2b, and/or E3 may be controlled separately, e.g., by controller 150 (Fig. 1).

[00580] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 150 (Fig. 1) may be configured to control electrodes E3 and/or E2/E2b, for example, to manipulate the liquid crystals of LC layer L2, e.g., like a Random Access Memory, which may result in a global change or a local change of at least one zone of hybrid optical lens 1500, which may cause refraction of up to 8 diopters, or any other value, of hybrid lens 1500.

[00581] For example, a centroid of a local refraction may lie on a path between a pixel of a display and corresponding to a rotational-gaze angle, for example, such that a chief ray from a pixel of the display may be directed to a center of rotation of the eye. [00582] In some demonstrative aspects, controlled ray deviation layer 1550 may include an Achromatic Controlled Refraction Layer (ACRL), e.g., as described below. [00583] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 150 (Fig. 1) may be configured to control electrodes El and/or E2a to manipulate the liquid crystals of an LC layer, which result in a local diffraction control to compensate chromatic aberrations of controlled ray-deviation layer 1550.

[00584] In some demonstrative aspects, the first LC polymer of LC layer LI may be configured to change a refraction of hybrid lens 1500, e.g., globally or locally, for example, by at least 4 Diopters, e.g., a minimum needed to stimulate monocular accommodation to focus on an object at a distance of 25cm, or any other Diopter value. [00585] In some demonstrative aspects, the second LC polymer LC layer L2 may be configured to create locally controlled diffraction, for example, to compensate chromatic aberrations created by layer 1552 and/or layer 1554 of hybrid optical lens 1500, and/or and by the second LC polymer.

[00586] In some demonstrative aspects, one or more adjustments and/or changes of refraction of the first LC polymer LC layer Li, and/or one or more amendments and/or changes of diffraction of the second LC polymer LC layer L2, e.g., from a neutral state, may be coordinated, for example, to sustain Pseudo-Continuous surfaces, the gaze condition, and/or the gaze-head condition.

[00587] Reference is made to Figs. 16A and 16B, which schematically illustrates a display 1660 including a fiber optic layer 1665, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[00588] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 16A and 16B, a hybrid optical lens 1600 may be configured to direct light from display 1660 to an eye 1665 of a user. For example, hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of hybrid optical lens 1600, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, hybrid optical lens 1600; and/or display 160 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of display 1660, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, display 1660.

[00589] In some demonstrative aspects, fiber optic layer 1665 (also referred to as “fiber optic taper (FOT)”) may be attached to, added to, connected to, and/or integrated as part of, display 1660, e.g., as described below.

[00590] In one example, the FOT may be implemented similar to implementation of a night-vision image intensifier, which may be used for image magnification and/or for changing image plane curvature, for example, to increase a visual fidelity, e.g., after a refraction by an ocular.

[00591] In some demonstrative aspects, fiber optic taper 1665 may be configured to increase a pixel-per-degree density of pixels in a central zone of the display 1660, e.g., as described below.

[00592] In some demonstrative aspects, fiber optic taper 1665 may be configured to decrease a pixel-per-degree density of pixels in a peripheral zone of the display 1660, e.g., as described below.

[00593] In some demonstrative aspects, fiber optic taper 1665 may be configured to remap subpixels, e.g., red, green and/or blue subpixels, of the display 1660 according to a chromatic aberration compensation map, which may be configured, for example, to compensate chromatic aberrations, e.g., as described below.

[00594] In some demonstrative aspects, fiber optic layer 1665 may be configured to increase a pixel density for a central FOV of hybrid optical lens 1600.

[00595] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 16A and 16B, a central zone, denoted Z1A, of display 1660 may be remapped to a central zone, denoted Z1B, of fiber optic layer 1665.

[00596] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 16A and 16B, central zone Z1A may be larger than central zone Z1B, which may increase a pixel per degree value of central zone Z IB compared to the pixel per degree value of central zone Z1A. [00597] In one example, fiber optic layer 1665 may be configured to increase a pixel per degree density of the central FOV from 20ppd to 40ppd, or any other value. For example, fiber optic layer 1665 may be configured to increase the pixel per degree density of the central zone Z1A, for example, from 20ppd to 40ppd, e.g., in central zone Z1B.

[00598] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 16A and 16B, a bottom zone, denoted Z23a2 , of display 1660 may be remapped to a bottom zone, denoted Z23b2 , of fiber optic layer 1665.

[00599] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 16A and 16B, pixels of a nasal dead-zone of zone Z23a2 may be remapped by the fiber optic layer 1665 to useful pixels.

[00600] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 16A and 16B, an upper zone, denoted Z23al , of display 1660 may be remapped to an upper zone, denoted Z23bl , of fiber optic layer 1665.

[00601] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 16A and 16B, pixels of upper zone Z23al may be remapped to sparser pixel arrangement. However, due to location of the pixels of upper zone Z23a, e.g., outside of the central zone, a visual fidelity may not be degraded, e.g., since aberration spots outside the central zone may be much larger, e.g., as described above with respect to Fig-3B.

[00602] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 16A and 16B, comer pixels at a location 1668, which may not be refracted, may be remapped into refraction areas [00603] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 16A and 16B, R/G/B sub pixels 1666 may be remapped into R/G/B sub-pixels 1667, for example, according to a chromatic aberration compensation map.

[00604] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Figs. 16A and 16B, an exit, e.g., an eye-facing-side surface, of fiber optic layer 1665, may be non-flat, e.g., curved, for example, according to an optimization, which may correspond to a shape of hybrid optical lens 1600.

[00605] In some demonstrative aspects, display 1660 may include a curved display having a variable pixel density and/or an R/G/B sub-display remapping, for example, instead of using fiber optic layer 1665.

[00606] In some demonstrative aspects, the curved display 1660 may be configured for operation with hybrid optical lens 1600.

[00607] Reference is made to Fig. 17, which schematically illustrates a first configuration 1710 of a display device, a second configuration 1720 of the display device, and a third configuration 1730 of the display device, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[00608] In one example, the display device may include a binocular display device, e.g., including a first hybrid optical lens, and a second hybrid optical lens. For example, the first and second hybrid optical lens may include hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1). [00609] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 17, first configuration 1710 may include a single display, e.g., a long display.

[00610] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 17, first configuration 1710 may not support a full wide FoV, for example, as there may be a missing single display side area to accomplish the full wide FoV. For example, first configuration 1710 may support a 70° horizontal-temporal FoV, which may be measured from a central axis to a temporal side of a hybrid optical lens, and/or a binocular horizontal FoV of 140°. [00611] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 17, second configuration 1720 may include a dual display, e.g., instead of the single long display with the side-by-side split in the first configuration 1710. For example, the dual display may be configured to provide a wider binocular horizontal FoV, e.g., compared to the single display of the first configuration 1710.

[00612] In other aspects, second configuration 1720 may include three or more displays, for example, long displays and/or short displays.

69 [00613] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 17, second configuration 1720 may support a horizontal-temporal FoV of 85°, for example, when using the second compression configuration Config2.

[00614] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 17, second configuration 1720 may support a binocular horizontal FoV of 170°.

[00615] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 17, third configuration 1730 may include a dual curved display.

[00616] In other aspects, third configuration 1730 may include three or more curved displays, for example, long displays and/or short displays, which may contribute to a better peripheral visual fidelity, and/or may make NED/HMD devices more compact. [00617] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 17, third configuration 1730 may support a horizontal-temporal FoV, e.g., of 85°, for example, using the second compression configuration Config2.

[00618] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 17, third configuration 1730 may support a binocular horizontal FoV of 170°.

[00619] Reference is made to Fig. 18, which schematically illustrates a device 1801 including a hybrid optical lens 1800 configured with respect to a pupil swim, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[00620] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 1800 may be configured to direct light from a display 1860, e.g., display 160 (Fig. 1), to an eye 1865 of a user, e.g., eye 165 (Fig. 1). For example, hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of hybrid optical lens 1800, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, hybrid optical lens 1800.

[00621] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 18, in some use cases, implementations and/or scenarios, an extremely large FOV, e.g., at a relatively large angle, denoted aP, there may be a need to address a technical issue, e.g., a “pupil swim”, where a rotation of the gaze of the eye 1865 may be limited, and may not be sufficient to take the gaze toward an extreme periphery stimulation object, e.g., at the angle aP. [00622] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 18, the user may attempt to move the gaze towards the extreme periphery stimulation object, for example, by a combination of a rotation of the head to a head-rotation angle, denoted aHR, and rotation of the eyes to an eye-rotation angle, denoted aRr. For example, as shown in Fig. 18, a controller of the device 1801, e.g., controller 150 (Fig. 1), may detect the head rotation and, accordingly, may shift the stimulation object to a corresponding adjusted position on the screen 1860.

[00623] In some demonstrative aspects, the adjusted object location may be perceived by the user as being at a peripheral-no-response angle, denoted aPnr, for example, if the user does not respond to the adjusted object location.

[00624] In some demonstrative aspects, hybrid optical lens 1800 may be configured to support a response to no-response “pupil swim”, for example, by satisfying a condition of head-gaze-rotation invariance, e.g., as follows:

( aPnr - aRr) < Khgi x DpP( aR )

(17) wherein Khgi denotes a predefined coefficient, e.g., in a range of [0:2] pixels, or any other value.

[00625] For example, hybrid optical lens 1800 may be configured according to a lens surface, which may satisfy the Condition (17), for example, in case the eye will fixate on the object with a “pupil swim” limit of Khgi x DpP(oR), for example, less than 1 degree, e.g., less than l/60deg.

[00626] Reference is made to Fig. 19A, which schematically illustrates a device 1901 including a display 1960 and an optical lens 1900, and to Fig. 19B, which schematically illustrates a device 1902 including a Diffractive Optical Element (DOE) 1969 between a display 1963 and an optical lens 1903, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects.

[00627] In some demonstrative aspects, optical lens 1900 may be configured to direct light from display 1960, e.g., display 160 (Fig. 1), to an eye of a user, e.g., eye 165 (Fig. 1). For example, hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of optical lens 1900, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, hybrid optical lens 1900.

[00628] In some demonstrative aspects, optical lens 1903 may be configured to direct light from display 1963, e.g., display 160 (Fig. 1), to an eye of a user, e.g., eye 165 (Fig. 1). For example, hybrid optical lens 100 (Fig. 1) may include one or more elements of optical lens 1903, and/or may perform one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, hybrid optical lens 1903.

[00629] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 19A and Fig. 19B, blue light 1921 may be most strongly refracted by optical lens 1903 and/or 1900, while green light 1922 may be less refracted by optical lens 1903 and/or 1900, and/or red light 1923 may be most weakly refracted by optical lens 1903 and/or 1900. [00630] For example, as shown in Fig. 19A, the optical lens 1900 and the display 1960 may be arranged to optimize focus for green light 1922 onto the display 1960. For example, a blue RMS spot 1924 may be constrained, e.g., to be approximately equal to a red RMS spot 1925. For example, as shown in Fig. 19 A, a blue focal plane 1926 of the optical lens 1900 may be before the back focal length (Fb) for the green light 1922, and a red focal plane 1927 of the optical lens 1900 may be after the back focal length (Fb) for the green light.

[00631] In some demonstrative aspects, the optical lens 1903 may include the optical lens 1900 and/or may have an optical configuration similar to, e.g., identical to, an optical configuration of optical lens 1900. In one example, the device 1902 may utilize the DOE 1969 with the optical lens 1903 implemented by the optical lens 1900. [00632] In other aspects, the optical lens 1903 may be different from the optical lens 1900. For example, one or more optical parameters, e.g., some or all optical parameters, of optical lens 1903 may be different from the optical parameters of optical lens 1900. [00633] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 19B, the device 1902 may be configured such that the display 1963 is between the DOE 1969 and a blue-spectrum focal plane 1931 of the optical lens 1903.

[00634] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 19B, the DOE 1969 may be configured to adjust the blue-spectrum focal plane 1931 of the optical lens 1903 to provide an adjusted blue-spectrum focal plane 1933 based, for example, on a distance of the display 1963 from the optical lens 1903.

[00635] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 19B, the DOE 1969 may be configured to adjust a green-spectrum focal plane 1941 of the optical lens 1903 to provide an adjusted green-spectrum focal plane 1943.

[00636] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 19B, the DOE 1969 may be configured to adjust a red-spectrum focal plane 1951 of the optical lens 1903 to provide an adjusted red-spectrum focal plane 1953.

[00637] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 19B, the DOE 1969 may be configured such that the adjusted blue-spectrum focal plane 1933, the adjusted green- spectrum focal plane 1943 and the adjusted red-spectrum focal plane 1953 substantially coincide with the display 1963.

[00638] In some demonstrative aspects, the DOE 1969 may include a single DOE surface.

[00639] In some demonstrative aspects, the DOE 1969 may include a multi- surface DOE, e.g., including a dual-surface DOE.

[00640] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 19B, the DOE 1969 may be configured to add optical power, for example, by providing a most strong deviation for red light, e.g., such that back focal distance Fbd is reduced relatively to Fb to the plane before “best blue focal plane”.

[00641] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 19B, the DOE 1969 may be configured such that RMS spots 1937 for the red, green and/or blue subpixels may be substantially the same.

[00642] In some demonstrative aspects, as shown in Fig. 19B, the DOE 1969 may be configured such that RMS spots 1937 for the red, green and/or blue subpixels may have “center of gravity” within a same pixel.

[00643] In some demonstrative aspects, the DOE 1969 may be configured to provide a technical solution to resolve chromatic aberration, to reduce a TTL, and/or to support use of a more compact display 1963, e.g., per same field of view.

[00644] In some demonstrative aspects, the DOE 1969 may be configured to provide a technical solution to support implementations with increased display pixel density. For example, the DOE 1969 may be implemented to provide a technical solution to support reduced dimensions of headsets, e.g., with increased FoV and/or improved chromatic and/or spherical aberrations.

[00645] Reference is made to Fig. 20, which schematically illustrates a product of manufacture 2000, in accordance with some demonstrative aspects. Product 2000 may include one or more tangible computer-readable (“machine readable”) non-transitory storage media 2002, which may include computer-executable instructions, e.g., implemented by logic 2004, operable to, when executed by at least one processor, e.g., computer processor, enable the at least one processor to implement one or more operations of system 101 (Fig. 1), and/or controller 150 (Fig. 1), to perform one or more operations, and/or to perform, trigger and/or implement one or more operations, and/or functionalities described above with reference to Figs. 1-19, and/or one or more operations described herein. The phrases “non-transitory machine-readable media (medium)” and “computer-readable non-transitory storage media (medium)” are directed to include all computer-readable media, with the sole exception being a transitory propagating signal.

[00646] In some demonstrative aspects, product 2000 and/or storage media 2002 may include one or more types of computer-readable storage media capable of storing data, including volatile memory, non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory, writeable or re-writeable memory, and the like. The computer-readable storage media may include any suitable media involved with downloading or transferring a computer program from a remote computer to a requesting computer carried by data signals embodied in a carrier wave or other propagation medium through a communication link, e.g., a modem, radio or network connection.

[00647] In some demonstrative aspects, logic 2004 may include instructions, data, and/or code, which, if executed by a machine, may cause the machine to perform a method, process and/or operations as described herein. The machine may include, for example, any suitable processing platform, computing platform, computing device, processing device, computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like, and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like.

[00648] In some demonstrative aspects, logic 2004 may include, or may be implemented as, software, a software module, an application, a program, a subroutine, instructions, an instruction set, computing code, words, values, symbols, and the like. The instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. The instructions may be implemented according to a predefined computer language, manner or syntax, for instructing a processor to perform a certain function. The instructions may be implemented using any suitable high-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/or interpreted programming language. Functions, operations, components and/or features described herein with reference to one or more aspects, may be combined with, or may be utilized in combination with, one or more other functions, operations, components and/or features described herein with reference to one or more other aspects, or vice versa.

EXAMPLES

[00649] The following examples pertain to further aspects.

[00650] Example 1 includes a hybrid optical lens configured to direct light from a display to an eye of a user, the hybrid optical lens comprising a central zone configured to direct light of a central portion of the display towards a center of rotation of the eye at a first gaze of the eye, the central zone comprising a first smooth surface on a first side of the hybrid optical lens, and a second smooth surface on a second side of the hybrid optical lens, the first side of the hybrid optical lens opposite to the second side of the hybrid optical lens; a peripheral zone configured to direct light of a peripheral portion of the display towards a pupil of the eye at the first gaze of the eye, the peripheral zone comprising a first Fresnel surface on the first side of the hybrid optical lens, and a second Fresnel surface on the second side of the hybrid optical lens; and a transitional zone between the central zone and the peripheral zone, the transitional zone configured to direct light of a transitional portion of the display towards the center of rotation of the eye at a second gaze of the eye different from the first gaze of the eye, the transitional zone comprising a third Fresnel surface on the first side of the hybrid optical lens and a third smooth surface on the second side of the hybrid optical lens. [00651] Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, and optionally, wherein a diameter of the central zone is based on a product of a thickness of the central zone and a refraction index of a material of the central zone.

[00652] Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 2, and optionally, wherein the diameter of the central zone, denoted hSD 1 , is hSDl = Tex nRIzl x Kzl t2d, wherein Tc denotes the thickness of the central zone, nRIzl denotes the refraction index of the material of the central zone, and Kzlt2d denotes a factor in a range [0.7:3].

[00653] Example 4 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-3, and optionally, wherein a ratio between a thickness of the central zone and a thickness of the peripheral zone is in a range [4:20].

[00654] Example 5 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-4, and optionally, wherein a ratio between a thickness of the peripheral zone and a thickness of the transitional zone is in a range [0.5:3].

[00655] Example 6 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-5, and optionally, wherein a ratio between a focal length of the second Fresnel surface of the peripheral zone and a focal length of the first Fresnel surface of the peripheral zone is equal to or less than (-2) or equal to or greater than 1.

[00656] Example 7 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-6, and optionally, wherein a thickness of the transitional zone is greater than a thickness of the peripheral zone, and a thickness of the central zone is greater than the thickness of the transitional zone.

[00657] Example 8 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-7, and optionally, wherein the peripheral zone is configured for a Peripheral Eye Relief (PER) distance in a range [(-10): 15] millimeter (mm).

[00658] Example 9 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-8, and optionally, comprising a first transition point on the first side of the hybrid optical lens at a transition between the central zone and the transitional zone, and a second transition point on the second side of the hybrid optical lens at a transition between the transitional zone and the peripheral zone, wherein at least one particular transition point of the first transition point or the second transition point is configured such that a maximal angle between chief rays through the particular transition point is no more than 1 degree. [00659] Example 10 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-9, and optionally, wherein one or more draft angles of the second Fresnel surface are negative and are based on a weighted average of one or more respective pairs of angles, a weighted average of a pair of angles comprising a first weight applied to an angle of a peripheral chief ray between the first and second sides and a second weight applied to an angle of a rotational chief ray between the first and second sides, wherein a weight ratio between the first weight and the second weight increases versus a distance from an optical axis of the hybrid optical lens.

[00660] Example 11 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-10, and optionally, wherein one or more draft angles of the first Fresnel surface are based on a weighted average of one or more respective pairs of angles, a weighted average of a pair of angles comprising a first weight applied to an angle of a peripheral chief ray between the first and second sides and a second weight applied to an angle of a rotational chief ray between the first and second sides, wherein a weight ratio between the first weight and the second weight increases versus a distance from an optical axis of the hybrid optical lens.

[00661] Example 12 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-11, and optionally, wherein one or more draft angles of the third Fresnel surface are based on a weighted average of one or more respective pairs of angles, a weighted average of a pair of angles comprising a first weight applied to an angle of a peripheral chief ray between the first and second sides and a second weight applied to an angle of a rotational chief ray between the first and second sides, wherein a weight ratio between the first weight and the second weight increases from a first predefined value to a second predefined value versus a distance from an optical axis of the hybrid optical lens, wherein the first predefined value is in a range [0:0.5] and the second predefined value is in a range [0:1]. [00662] Example 13 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-12, and optionally, comprising a blazed grating on at least one side of the first side of the hybrid optical lens or the second side of the hybrid optical lens.

[00663] Example 14 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-13, and optionally, comprising a nano-anti-reflective structure on an optical facet of at least one Fresnel surface of the first Fresnel surface, the second Fresnel surface, or the third Fresnel surface, and a nano-light-absorbing structure on at least one of an elevation facet or a tool radius of the at least one Fresnel surface.

[00664] Example 15 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-14, and optionally, comprising a first optical layer forming the first side of the hybrid optical lens, a second optical layer forming the second side of the hybrid optical lens, and a controlled ray-deviation layer between the first optical layer and the second optical layer, wherein the controlled ray-deviation layer is controllable to adjust a refraction level at one or more zones of the hybrid optical lens.

[00665] Example 16 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-15, and optionally, comprising a first peripheral zone on a first side of the central zone configured to direct light of a first peripheral portion of the display towards the pupil of the eye; a first transitional zone between the central zone and the first peripheral zone; a second peripheral zone on a second side of the central zone configured to direct light of a second peripheral portion of the display towards the pupil of the eye; and a second transitional zone between the central zone and the second peripheral zone. [00666] Example 17 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-16, and optionally, wherein the central zone has a bi-convex shape comprising a convex shape of the first smooth surface of the central zone and a convex shape of the second smooth surface of the central zone.

[00667] Example 18 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-17, and optionally, wherein the peripheral zone has a convex-concave shape comprising a convex shape of the first Fresnel surface of the peripheral zone and a concave shape of the second Fresnel surface of the peripheral zone.

[00668] Example 19 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-18, and optionally, wherein the hybrid optical lens is configured to cover a continuous half horizontal Field of View (FoV) of at least 105 degrees at the first gaze of the eye, the half horizontal FoV is relative to a visual axis of the eye.

[00669] Example 20 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-19, and optionally, wherein the hybrid optical lens is configured to cover a continuous half vertical Field of View (FoV) of at least 85 degrees, the half vertical FoV is relative to a visual axis of the eye.

[00670] Example 21 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-20, and optionally, wherein the first side of the hybrid optical lens comprises a display-facing side to face the display, and wherein the second side of the hybrid optical lens comprises an eye-facing side to face the eye.

[00671] Example 22 includes an apparatus of a Head Mounted Display (HMD), the apparatus comprising a display; and the hybrid optical lens of any one of Examples 1- 21.

[00672] Example 23 includes the subject matter of Example 22, and optionally, wherein the hybrid optical lens has an optical function to support a pupil swim of no more than 1 degree, the pupil swim comprising a difference between a first angle and a second angle, the first angle comprising a perceived angle of an object at a location on the display with a zero-angle pupil rotation, the second angle comprises an angle of pupil rotation to the object at the location on the display.

[00673] Example 24 includes the subject matter of Example 23, and optionally, comprising a fiber optic taper between the display and the hybrid optical lens, wherein the fiber optic taper is configured to increase a pixel-per-degree density of pixels in the central zone of the display, and to decrease a pixel-per-degree density of pixels in the peripheral zone of the display.

[00674] Example 25 includes the subject matter of Example 24, and optionally, wherein the fiber optic taper is configured to remap red, green and blue subpixels of the display according to a chromatic aberration compensation map configured to compensate chromatic aberrations.

[00675] Example 26 includes a Head Mounted Display (HMD) device comprising a display; a controller to control images to be displayed by the display; and the hybrid optical lens of any one of Examples 1-21.

[00676] Example 27 includes an apparatus of a Head Mounted Display (HMD), the apparatus comprising a display; an optical lens configured to direct light from the display to an eye of a user; and a Diffractive Optical Element (DOE) between the display and the optical lens, wherein the display is between the DOE and a blue- spectrum focal plane of the optical lens, and wherein the DOE is configured to adjust the blue-spectrum focal plane of the optical lens to provide an adjusted blue-spectrum focal plane based on a distance of the display from the optical lens.

[00677] Example 28 includes the subject matter of Example 27, and optionally, wherein the DOE is configured to adjust a green- spectrum focal plane of the optical lens to provide an adjusted green-spectrum focal plane and to adjust a red-spectrum focal plane of the optical lens to provide an adjusted red-spectrum focal plane, wherein the adjusted blue-spectrum focal plane, the adjusted green-spectrum focal plane and the adjusted red-spectrum focal plane substantially coincide with the display.

[00678] Example 29 includes the subject matter of Example 27 or 28, and optionally, wherein the optical lens comprises the hybrid optical lens of any one of Examples 1- 21.

[00679] Example 30 includes an apparatus comprising means for performing any of the described operations of Examples 1-29.

[00680] Example 31 includes a product comprising one or more tangible computer- readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a device to perform any of the described operations of Examples 1-29.

[00681] Example 32 includes a method comprising any of the described operations of Examples 1-29.

[00682] Functions, operations, components and/or features described herein with reference to one or more aspects, may be combined with, or may be utilized in combination with, one or more other functions, operations, components and/or features described herein with reference to one or more other aspects, or vice versa.

[00683] While certain features have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents may occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A hybrid optical lens configured to direct light from a display to an eye of a user, the hybrid optical lens comprising: a central zone configured to direct light of a central portion of the display towards a center of rotation of the eye at a first gaze of the eye, the central zone comprising a first smooth surface on a first side of the hybrid optical lens, and a second smooth surface on a second side of the hybrid optical lens, the first side of the hybrid optical lens opposite to the second side of the hybrid optical lens; a peripheral zone configured to direct light of a peripheral portion of the display towards a pupil of the eye at the first gaze of the eye, the peripheral zone comprising a first Fresnel surface on the first side of the hybrid optical lens, and a second Fresnel surface on the second side of the hybrid optical lens; and a transitional zone between the central zone and the peripheral zone, the transitional zone configured to direct light of a transitional portion of the display towards the center of rotation of the eye at a second gaze of the eye different from the first gaze of the eye, the transitional zone comprising a third Fresnel surface on the first side of the hybrid optical lens and a third smooth surface on the second side of the hybrid optical lens.

2. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1, wherein a diameter of the central zone is based on a product of a thickness of the central zone and a refraction index of a material of the central zone.

3. The hybrid optical lens of claim 2, wherein the diameter of the central zone, denoted hSDl, is: hSDl = Tc x nRIzl x Kzlt2d wherein Tc denotes the thickness of the central zone, nRIzl denotes the refraction index of the material of the central zone, and Kzlt2d denotes a factor in a range [0.7:3].

4. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1, wherein a ratio between a thickness of the central zone and a thickness of the peripheral zone is in a range [4:20].

5. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1, wherein a ratio between a thickness of the peripheral zone and a thickness of the transitional zone is in a range [0.5:3].

6. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1, wherein a ratio between a focal length of the second Fresnel surface of the peripheral zone and a focal length of the first Fresnel surface of the peripheral zone is equal to or less than (-2) or equal to or greater than 1.

7. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the transitional zone is greater than a thickness of the peripheral zone, and a thickness of the central zone is greater than the thickness of the transitional zone.

8. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1, wherein the peripheral zone is configured for a Peripheral Eye Relief (PER) distance in a range [(-10): 15] millimeter (mm).

9. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1 comprising a first transition point on the first side of the hybrid optical lens at a transition between the central zone and the transitional zone, and a second transition point on the second side of the hybrid optical lens at a transition between the transitional zone and the peripheral zone, wherein at least one particular transition point of the first transition point or the second transition point is configured such that a maximal angle between chief rays through the particular transition point is no more than 1 degree.

10. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1, wherein one or more draft angles of the second Fresnel surface are negative and are based on a weighted average of one or more respective pairs of angles, a weighted average of a pair of angles comprising a first weight applied to an angle of a peripheral chief ray between the first and second sides and a second weight applied to an angle of a rotational chief ray between the first and second sides, wherein a weight ratio between the first weight and the second weight increases versus a distance from an optical axis of the hybrid optical lens.

11. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1, wherein one or more draft angles of the first

Fresnel surface are based on a weighted average of one or more respective pairs of angles, a weighted average of a pair of angles comprising a first weight applied to an angle of a peripheral chief ray between the first and second sides and a second weight applied to an angle of a rotational chief ray between the first and second sides, wherein a weight ratio between the first weight and the second weight increases versus a distance from an optical axis of the hybrid optical lens.

12. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1, wherein one or more draft angles of the third Fresnel surface are based on a weighted average of one or more respective pairs of angles, a weighted average of a pair of angles comprising a first weight applied to an angle of a peripheral chief ray between the first and second sides and a second weight applied to an angle of a rotational chief ray between the first and second sides, wherein a weight ratio between the first weight and the second weight increases from a first predefined value to a second predefined value versus a distance from an optical axis of the hybrid optical lens, wherein the first predefined value is in a range [0:0.5] and the second predefined value is in a range [0:1].

13. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1 comprising a blazed grating on at least one side of the first side of the hybrid optical lens or the second side of the hybrid optical lens.

14. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1 comprising a nano-anti-reflective structure on an optical facet of at least one Fresnel surface of the first Fresnel surface, the second Fresnel surface, or the third Fresnel surface, and a nano-light-absorbing structure on at least one of an elevation facet or a tool radius of the at least one Fresnel surface.

15. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1 comprising a first optical layer forming the first side of the hybrid optical lens, a second optical layer forming the second side of the hybrid optical lens, and a controlled ray-deviation layer between the first optical layer and the second optical layer, wherein the controlled ray-deviation layer is controllable to adjust a refraction level at one or more zones of the hybrid optical lens.

16. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1 comprising: a first peripheral zone on a first side of the central zone configured to direct light of a first peripheral portion of the display towards the pupil of the eye; a first transitional zone between the central zone and the first peripheral zone; a second peripheral zone on a second side of the central zone configured to direct light of a second peripheral portion of the display towards the pupil of the eye; and a second transitional zone between the central zone and the second peripheral zone.

17. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1, wherein the central zone has a bi-convex shape comprising a convex shape of the first smooth surface of the central zone and a convex shape of the second smooth surface of the central zone.

18. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1, wherein the peripheral zone has a convex- concave shape comprising a convex shape of the first Fresnel surface of the peripheral zone and a concave shape of the second Fresnel surface of the peripheral zone.

19. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1 configured to cover a continuous half horizontal Field of View (FoV) of at least 105 degrees at the first gaze of the eye, the half horizontal FoV is relative to a visual axis of the eye.

20. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1 configured to cover a continuous half vertical Field of View (FoV) of at least 85 degrees, the half vertical FoV is relative to a visual axis of the eye.

21. The hybrid optical lens of claim 1, wherein the first side of the hybrid optical lens comprises a display-facing side to face the display, and wherein the second side of the hybrid optical lens comprises an eye-facing side to face the eye.

22. An apparatus of a Head Mounted Display (HMD), the apparatus comprising: a display; and the hybrid optical lens of any one of claims 1-21.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the hybrid optical lens has an optical function to support a pupil swim of no more than 1 degree, the pupil swim comprising a difference between a first angle and a second angle, the first angle comprising a perceived angle of an object at a location on the display with a zero-angle pupil rotation, the second angle comprises an angle of pupil rotation to the object at the location on the display.

24. The apparatus of claim 23 comprising a fiber optic taper between the display and the hybrid optical lens, wherein the fiber optic taper is configured to increase a pixel-per-degree density of pixels in the central zone of the display, and to decrease a pixel-per-degree density of pixels in the peripheral zone of the display.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the fiber optic taper is configured to remap red, green and blue subpixels of the display according to a chromatic aberration compensation map configured to compensate chromatic aberrations.

26. A Head Mounted Display (HMD) device comprising: a display; a controller to control images to be displayed by the display; and the hybrid optical lens of any one of claims 1-21.

27. An apparatus of a Head Mounted Display (HMD), the apparatus comprising: a display; an optical lens configured to direct light from the display to an eye of a user; and a Diffractive Optical Element (DOE) between the display and the optical lens, wherein the display is between the DOE and a blue-spectrum focal plane of the optical lens, and wherein the DOE is configured to adjust the blue-spectrum focal plane of the optical lens to provide an adjusted blue-spectrum focal plane based on a distance of the display from the optical lens.

28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the DOE is configured to adjust a green- spectrum focal plane of the optical lens to provide an adjusted green-spectrum focal plane and to adjust a red-spectrum focal plane of the optical lens to provide an adjusted red-spectrum focal plane, wherein the adjusted blue-spectrum focal plane, the adjusted green-spectrum focal plane and the adjusted red-spectrum focal plane substantially coincide with the display.

29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the optical lens comprises the hybrid optical lens of any one of claims 1-21.