WO2023007052A1 - Device for the calibration of images - Google Patents

Device for the calibration of images Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023007052A1
WO2023007052A1 PCT/ES2022/070496 ES2022070496W WO2023007052A1 WO 2023007052 A1 WO2023007052 A1 WO 2023007052A1 ES 2022070496 W ES2022070496 W ES 2022070496W WO 2023007052 A1 WO2023007052 A1 WO 2023007052A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
calibration
radiation
base
image
images according
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PCT/ES2022/070496
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Isidoro Calvo Lorenzo
Iker Uriarte Llano
Jesús Moreta Suárez
Original Assignee
Administración General De La Comunidad Autónoma De Euskadi
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Publication of WO2023007052A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023007052A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B15/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B42/00—Obtaining records using waves other than optical waves; Visualisation of such records by using optical means
    • G03B42/02—Obtaining records using waves other than optical waves; Visualisation of such records by using optical means using X-rays

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to devices used to correctly size the images obtained by irradiating the body of a patient or a specific object.
  • the state of the art includes different radiation techniques for objects, including the human body, in order to discover its internal structure.
  • the radiation passes through said bodies until it reaches a surface sensitive to said radiation where an image of said bodies is created.
  • One of these situations occurs when it is necessary to replace a part of a patient's human body, for example, one of his hips. Because the radiation, which may be x-ray, reaches the patient's hip sooner than the imaged surface, the image dimensions of the hip are different from the actual dimensions of the hip.
  • One way to calculate the actual dimensions of the imaged object is to place a radiation-opaque calibration object of known dimensions at the same distance from the radiation-sensitive surface as the first object, in this case the patient's hip.
  • knowing the focus of emission of said rays, the distance from the focus to the object and the distance from the latter to the surface where the image is created it is possible to know through a geometric analysis the magnification suffered by the object. when projected on the surface. This calculation is easier to perform when the beam of rays incident on the opaque object makes it perpendicular to it and to the projection surface so that the projected image of the object on the surface is magnified but not distorted.
  • Once the relationship between the dimensions of the projection image of the object and the real object is known, it is possible to calculate the real dimensions of shapes, for example, the projection of the patient's hip, which appears in the image. This calculation is normally carried out by means of a computer program.
  • the reference point normally used for the placement of the opaque object, which is frequently a metallic ball, is the greater trochanter of the femur of one leg of the patient.
  • the positioning of the caliper object at the level of the greater trochanter and its subsequent displacement is not an easy task to perform accurately since the patients' femur is not accessible from the outside, the patients' bodies vary in dimension and the patients can have a certain degree of obesity.
  • One type of these devices contains flexible linear elements that contain the gauge object at one of their free ends. Said linear elements can be bent until the gauging object is at the desired height. Although the placement of said elements can be quite precise, the degree of precision in the positioning of the calibrating ball depends on the skill of the user. Said elements are normally used with a type of associated computer program that recognizes the image of said objects in order to calculate the dimensions of the hip.
  • a third type of device consists of adhesive elements that are capable of sticking the calibrating ball to the person's body.
  • a third type of device consists of flexible elements that contain a guide where the calibration ball can be inserted. Due to the flexibility of the element, a metallic ball can be placed at any point of said guide and maintain its position at said point. Some of these calibration elements are preferably used in conjunction with an associated computer program that can recognize the image they produce when irradiated in the total image of the person's body.
  • DE102010017508 describes a method of calibrating a computed tomograph that uses metallic balls of a known dimension to perform the calibration of said tomograph. In the calibration process of the tomograph these balls are placed in a support transparent to radiation. The invention of DE102010017508 is not directly aimed at improving the precision with which an object can be measured from its projected image, but rather at the process of calibrating the ray-emitting device with the help of said metal balls.
  • US2010/0135467 discloses an example of the use of a plurality of markers with the aim of increasing the precision of the calculation of the dimension of joints of the human body, including the hip joint of a patient. Said objective is achieved mainly through the improvement of the calculation of the magnification that an object suffers when it is projected.
  • This document describes the positioning of a ball-shaped anterior marker or anterior marker strip on the abdomen of a patient who is positioned in the supine position.
  • An additional posterior marker is placed between the patient's body and the projection surface, both markers being located in the same plane perpendicular to said surface.
  • the magnification factor based on the real dimension of the markers, the dimension of the image of the markers and an R value, which is a proportion that is calculated by dividing the distance between the plane containing the patient's hips and the upper marker, and the distance between the upper and lower markers.
  • the distance between the plane containing the patient's hips and the anterior marker is estimated based on measurements of this dimension in different patients obtained with the help of a tomograph.
  • a first aspect of the invention refers to an image calibration device that is composed of a material that is radiotransparent to a radiation that, when incident on a first object or body (the body can be a human body or a part of the human body) of the whose dimensions are to be known is projected onto a surface sensitive to said radiation, forming an image of said object or body on said surface.
  • Said apparatus has at least one base and at least two support surfaces located at different distances from the surface. base. The at least two support surfaces are adapted to position and maintain in said position a calibration object, opaque to said radiation and of known dimensions, so that the image formed by said radiation when projecting said opaque calibration object onto said surface serves as to determine the actual dimensions of the first object or parts of it.
  • Radiolucent materials can be, for example, thermoplastics (Polylactic Acid. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, Polyamide), resins for 3D printing or methacrylate.
  • each of said support surfaces or part of them comprises a housing that can position and maintain said calibration in said position.
  • the housings can be sunk into the support surfaces with a hemispherical, conical, cubic geometry or combinations of these geometries and the calibration object is a metallic ball.
  • the housings can be any geometry or arrangement of elements that allows the calibration object to be attached to the support surfaces, maintaining the distance from the ball to the base.
  • the apparatus can have clamping elements located on said support surfaces that position and maintain said calibration objects in said position.
  • clamping elements located on said support surfaces that position and maintain said calibration objects in said position.
  • they may comprise vertical lugs or hollow cylindrical turrets so that the ball is held between the lugs or in the turrets.
  • said support surfaces can be arranged in the form of steps arranged successively between 4 and 14 cm away from the base of the apparatus. The more steps the device has, the greater the number of possible distances between the calibration object and the radiation-sensitive surface, so that more precision.
  • the image calibration apparatus has four steps arranged successively such that the top of each step is located at 6cm, 8cm. 10cm and 12cm from the first base of the apparatus.
  • the steps include hemispherical seats and are adapted to house a calibration object made up of a 25 mm diameter metal ball.
  • the apparatus for calibrating images consists of a single part.
  • the apparatus of the invention comprises at least two elements, a first element comprising a first base that can rest on a surface and a first support surface at a distance H from the first base and a second element comprising a second base that can rest on said surface and a second support surface at a distance h from the first base, where H>h.
  • the apparatus may comprise 3, 4 or more elements that will provide 3, 4 or more different distances of the calibration object from said surface.
  • the apparatus may comprise coupling means between the first element and the second element.
  • the radiolucent material is a plastic material, in particular a plastic capable of being injected.
  • the apparatus is capable of being formed by a 3D printer which would print said apparatus using the radiolucent material from which said apparatus is formed.
  • the image calibration apparatus is capable of being attached to the hip of a person so that the calibration object can be placed at the level of the greater trochanter of one of the femurs of a person.
  • the apparatus of the invention is capable of being placed between the thighs of a person in such a way that the calibration object is located within a plane that contains the two greater trochanters of the person.
  • a second aspect of the invention refers to a set made up of the apparatus for calibrating images of the invention and at least one calibration object capable of being positioned and maintained on a surface of said apparatus.
  • Said opaque calibration object may have a spherical or hemispherical shape.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the gauge element.
  • Figure 2 shows the gauge apparatus of Figure 1 with a metallic ball opaque to radiation placed in one of its housings.
  • Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of the gauge element.
  • Figure 4 shows the gauge apparatus of Figure 1 positioned on one side of a patient's body, both of which are placed on an X-ray table.
  • Figure 5 is a radiograph of the pelvis of a patient with a hip prosthesis where the projection of a ball-shaped opaque element to radiation can be seen.
  • FIG 1 An apparatus (1) for image calibration according to an embodiment of the invention is illustrated in figure 1.
  • the apparatus is made of a radiolucent material (2) and has a plurality of housings (5) located at different distances from its base (6).
  • said housings (5) are designed to support a calibration object (7) opaque to radiation so that when the device is located in the vicinity of a first object, for example, a part of the body of a person whose dimension is to be known and is irradiated in order to form an image (8) only the calibration object (7) opaque to radiation and not the apparatus (1) appear on the image image (8), as can be seen in figure 5.
  • the apparatus (1) is designed to be placed on a surface whose distance from the radiation-sensitive surface (4) is known, such that the distance of the object calibration (7) opaque to the radiation sensitive surface is known. Knowing the dimensions of the calibration object (7), its distance from the source of ray emission (16) and the distance from the calibration object (7) to the radiation-sensitive surface (4) where the image is formed, it is possible to know the magnification, magnification factor, that the calibration object (7) undergoes when it is projected onto the radiation-sensitive surface. radiation (4). Based on the same magnification factor and starting from the dimensions of the image of a part of the body on the radiation-sensitive surface (4), it is possible to accurately estimate the real dimensions of said part of the body, for example, a hip. .
  • the radiation-opaque body must be placed at the height suitable with respect to the base (6) of the apparatus (1) for image calibration (1).
  • the calibration object (7) opaque to radiation must be placed in a plane that contains the patient's hips when it is placed in position. supine position, as seen in figure 4.
  • Said plane contains the greater trochanter (40) of the femur (50) closest to the person's hip, so that the calibration object (7) opaque to the radiation, normally a metal ball must be placed at the level of said greater trochanter (40).
  • the image calibration device (1) of the invention has different housings (5) located at different heights with respect to its base (6), said housings (5) are designed to support one calibration object ( 7) opaque to radiation and that the device can be easily moved by the user until it is placed on the side of a person's hip, it is possible to place the calibration object (7) opaque to radiation at the level of the trochanter greater (40) in a precise manner and keep it in said position in a stable manner.
  • a particularly advantageous position of the radiation-opaque calibration object (7) for performing an X-ray image corresponds to placing said object between the thighs of the person in the supine position in a position close to the pelvis. It is therefore necessary that once the appropriate height of the calibration object (7) opaque to radiation at the base (6) of said object (1) has been identified, it is moved to said advantageous position.
  • the apparatus (1) for calibrating images according to the invention allows this operation to be carried out with ease since the apparatus It can be easily moved by the user to the desired position, and the calibration object (7) opaque to radiation, which is preferably a metal ball, manually placed in the same housing (5) of the apparatus (1). for the previously chosen image calibration. In this way it is achieved that the radiation-opaque calibration object (7) is arranged both in height and with respect to the body of the patient in the ideal position.
  • the image calibration apparatus (1) is capable of supporting more than one calibration object (7) opaque to radiation. This type of arrangement can be advantageous when the objective is the calibration of the ray-emitting apparatus.
  • the apparatus (1) for image calibration comprises, in addition to its base (6), a first side (9), a second side (10) opposite the first side (9), a third side ( 11), a fourth side (12) opposite the third side (11) and a stepped top surface (6').
  • the dimensions of the first side (9) and second sides (10) can be greater or less than that of the third (11) and fourth sides (12) so that the device has a rectangular shape, which contributes to the opaque element at radiation (7) can be easily placed in a position close to the greater trochanter (40) of the patient.
  • the stepped top surface (6 ' ) allows the definition of different heights or steps (13) at which the radiation opaque calibration object (7) can be placed.
  • the dimensions of the device can be: height 120 mm; length 145-150mm; width 35-45mm.
  • the housings (5) are located in each of the steps (13) of the upper part of the apparatus (1), the housing (14) closest to one of the sides being the closest to the base (6). and the housing (15) closest to the opposite side is the furthest from the base (6).
  • This arrangement of the housings facilitates the placement by the user of the opaque calibration object (7) in said housings.
  • the staggered arrangement of the housings (5) makes it possible that if at first the height chosen for the placement of the opaque calibration object (7) is not correct, it is very likely that the correct position is in one of the adjacent housings. .
  • the apparatus (1) has four steps (13) each of which comprises a housing (5) that are thus arranged successively at a distance between 4 and 14 cm in length the base of the apparatus (1) preferably so that the upper part of each housing is located 6cm, 8cm, 10cm, and 12cm from the base of said apparatus.
  • This arrangement is related to the fact that the human body and body parts vary in dimension such that the height at which the greater trochanter of a supine person is with respect to the surface on which is supported is variable.
  • the housings (5) have a hemispherical shape and are adapted to house a spherical calibration object, especially a 25mm diameter metal ball.
  • the apparatus (1) for image calibration is made up of a single piece, as can be seen in figures 1 and 2.
  • the fact that it is made up of a single piece makes it easier to manufacture and prevents problem that over time the different parts of which it could be composed vary their relative position, impairing the proper functioning of the device.
  • the housings are hollow elements so that it is possible to provide the apparatus (1) with housings even though they are built in a single piece.
  • Figure 3 shows a second embodiment in which the apparatus (1) is made up of 4 elements, where each element comprises a base (6,62,63,64) that can rest on a surface and a surface of support (5,52,53,54) at a distance from first base.
  • the 4 surfaces comprise a housing that can house an opaque object. The distance from the surface to the base of each of the 4 elements is different so that the opaque object can be arranged at different heights.
  • the radiolucent material (2) from which it is formed is a plastic material, in particular a plastic capable of being injected.
  • the apparatus (1) can be formed by means of a 3D printer that would print said apparatus for image calibration (1) using the radiolucent material from which it is formed. This form of construction would facilitate the construction of the apparatus in any place provided with the appropriate 3D printer and the necessary radiolucent material.
  • the software that contains the necessary instructions for printing the apparatus (1) for image calibration could be free software.
  • the device can be placed attached to the hip of a person so that the calibration object (7) opaque to radiation can be placed in one of the housings at the height of the greater trochanter (40 ) of one of the femurs (50) of a person. Subsequently, in order to place the device and the calibration object in the ideal position for the realization of the image, the device can be placed between the patient's thighs close to his pelvis with the calibration object (7) housed at a height of the base (6) corresponding to the height of the greater trochanter (40).
  • the words first, second, third, etc. have been used to describe different devices or elements; it should be considered that the devices or elements are not limited by these words since these words have only been used to distinguish one device or element from another.
  • the first device could have been named the second device, and the second device could have been named the first device without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • the invention is not limited to the concrete embodiments that have been described but also covers, for example, the variants that can be made by the average person skilled in the art (for example, regarding the choice of materials, dimensions , components, configuration, etc.), within what is apparent from the claims.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a device (1) for the calibration of images, said device being made from a material (2) that is radiolucent to radiation that, upon striking a first object (3) of which the dimensions are to be obtained, projects the object onto a surface (4) that is sensitive to said radiation, thereby forming an image of the object (3) on the surface (4). The device (1) comprises at least one base (6) and at least two support surfaces (5) located at different distances from the base (6), said surfaces (5) being suitable for positioning a calibration object (7) that is opaque to the radiation and of known dimensions, and maintaining the object in position, such that the image formed by the radiation upon projection of the calibration object (7) onto the surface (4) is used to determine the real dimensions of the first object (3) or of parts of same.

Description

DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
TÍTULO INVENCIÓN INVENTION TITLE
APARATO PARA LA CALIBRACIÓN DE IMÁGENES. APPARATUS FOR THE CALIBRATION OF IMAGES.
SECTOR DE LA TÉCNICA TECHNIQUE SECTOR
La invención pertenece a los dispositivos que sirven para dimensionar de manera correcta las imágenes obtenidas al irradiar el cuerpo de un paciente o un determinado objeto. The invention pertains to devices used to correctly size the images obtained by irradiating the body of a patient or a specific object.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
El estado de la técnica comprende diferentes técnicas de radiación de objetos, entre ellos el cuerpo humano, con el fin de conocer su estructura interior. La radiación atraviesa dichos cuerpos hasta llegar a una superficie sensible a dicha radiación donde se crea una imagen de dichos cuerpos. Existen situaciones en las cuales es necesario conocer las dimensiones reales de partes interiores de dichos objetos que puede ser reconocidas en dichas imágenes. Una de estas situaciones tiene lugar cuando es necesario reemplazar una parte del cuerpo humano de un paciente, por ejemplo, una de sus caderas. Debido a que la radiación, que puede ser de rayos x, alcanza antes la cadera del paciente que la superficie donde se forma la imagen, las dimensiones de la imagen de la cadera son diferentes de las dimensiones reales de la cadera. Una manera de poder calcular las dimensiones reales del objeto proyectado en la imagen es la colocación de un objeto de calibración opaco a la radiación y de dimensiones conocidas a la misma distancia de la superficie sensible a la radiación que el primer objeto, en este caso la cadera del paciente. En el caso de rayos x conociendo el foco de emisión de dichos rayos, la distancia del foco al objeto y la distancia de éste a la superficie donde se crea la imagen, es posible conocer a través de un análisis geométrico la magnificación que sufre el objeto al ser proyectado en la superficie. Este cálculo es más sencillo de realizar cuando el haz de rayos que incide sobre el objeto opaco lo hace perpendicular a éste y a la superficie de proyección de manera que la imagen proyectada del objeto en la superficie sea magnificada pero no distorsionada. Una vez conocida la relación entre las dimensiones de la imagen proyección del objeto y el objeto real es posible calcular las dimensiones reales de formas, por ejemplo, la proyección de la cadera del paciente, que aparece en la imagen. Este cálculo se realiza normalmente por medio de programa informático. The state of the art includes different radiation techniques for objects, including the human body, in order to discover its internal structure. The radiation passes through said bodies until it reaches a surface sensitive to said radiation where an image of said bodies is created. There are situations in which it is necessary to know the real dimensions of the interior parts of said objects that can be recognized in said images. One of these situations occurs when it is necessary to replace a part of a patient's human body, for example, one of his hips. Because the radiation, which may be x-ray, reaches the patient's hip sooner than the imaged surface, the image dimensions of the hip are different from the actual dimensions of the hip. One way to calculate the actual dimensions of the imaged object is to place a radiation-opaque calibration object of known dimensions at the same distance from the radiation-sensitive surface as the first object, in this case the patient's hip. In the case of x-rays, knowing the focus of emission of said rays, the distance from the focus to the object and the distance from the latter to the surface where the image is created, it is possible to know through a geometric analysis the magnification suffered by the object. when projected on the surface. This calculation is easier to perform when the beam of rays incident on the opaque object makes it perpendicular to it and to the projection surface so that the projected image of the object on the surface is magnified but not distorted. Once the relationship between the dimensions of the projection image of the object and the real object is known, it is possible to calculate the real dimensions of shapes, for example, the projection of the patient's hip, which appears in the image. This calculation is normally carried out by means of a computer program.
En el caso de querer reemplazar por ejemplo la cabeza del fémur de un paciente es necesario colocar con la máxima precisión posible el objeto opaco a la radiación, objeto calibrador, en el mismo plano de las caderas del paciente de manera que tanto las caderas como dicho objeto estén situadas a la misma distancia de la superficie donde se forma la imagen. In the case of wanting to replace, for example, the head of the femur of a patient, it is necessary positioning as precisely as possible the opaque object to radiation, caliper object, in the same plane as the patient's hips so that both the hips and said object are located at the same distance from the surface where the image is formed.
El punto de referencia normalmente empleado para la colocación del objeto opaco, que es frecuentemente una bola metálica, es el trocánter mayor del fémur de una pierna del paciente. Una vez colocado el objeto calibrador a la altura de dicho punto se traslada dicho objeto a una posición situada entre los muslos del paciente y cercana a la pelvis antes de irradiar el cuerpo del paciente y obtener la imagen correspondiente. The reference point normally used for the placement of the opaque object, which is frequently a metallic ball, is the greater trochanter of the femur of one leg of the patient. Once the caliper object is placed at the height of said point, said object is moved to a position located between the patient's thighs and close to the pelvis before irradiating the patient's body and obtaining the corresponding image.
La colocación del objeto calibrador a la altura del trocante mayor y su posterior desplazamiento no es una tarea fácil de realizar con precisión ya que el fémur de los pacientes no es accesible desde el exterior, los cuerpos de los pacientes varían en dimensión y los pacientes pueden tener un cierto grado de obesidad. The positioning of the caliper object at the level of the greater trochanter and its subsequent displacement is not an easy task to perform accurately since the patients' femur is not accessible from the outside, the patients' bodies vary in dimension and the patients can have a certain degree of obesity.
Diferentes aparatos han sido diseñados con el objeto de poder colocar el objeto calibrador a la altura adecuada antes de ser irradiados. Different devices have been designed in order to be able to place the calibrating object at the appropriate height before being irradiated.
Un tipo de estos aparatos contiene elementos lineales flexibles que contienen el objeto calibrador en uno de sus extremos libres. Dichos elementos lineales pueden ser doblados hasta conseguir que el objeto calibrador quede a la altura deseada. Aunque la colocación de dichos elementos puede llegar a ser bastante precisa el grado de precisión en el posicionamiento de la bola calibradora depende de la habilidad del usuario. Dichos elementos son utilizados normalmente con un tipo de programa informático asociado que reconoce la imagen de dichos objetos con el fin de calcular las dimensiones de la cadera. One type of these devices contains flexible linear elements that contain the gauge object at one of their free ends. Said linear elements can be bent until the gauging object is at the desired height. Although the placement of said elements can be quite precise, the degree of precision in the positioning of the calibrating ball depends on the skill of the user. Said elements are normally used with a type of associated computer program that recognizes the image of said objects in order to calculate the dimensions of the hip.
Otro tipo de dispositivo consiste en elementos adhesivos que son capaces de pegar la bola calibradora al cuerpo de la persona. Un tercer tipo de dispositivos consiste en elementos flexibles que contienen una guía donde puede ser introducida la bola de calibración. Debido a la flexibilidad del elemento una bola metálica puede ser colocada en cualquier punto de dicha guía y mantener su posición en dicho punto. Algunos de estos elementos de calibración son utilizados preferentemente conjuntamente con un programa informático asociado que puede reconocer la imagen que producen cuando son irradiados en la imagen total del cuerpo de la persona. DE102010017508 describe un método de calibración de un tomógrafo computerizado que usa bolas metálicas de una dimensión conocida para realizar la calibración de dicho tomógrafo. En el proceso de calibración del tomógrafo dichas bolas son colocadas en un soporte transparente a la radiación. La invención de DE102010017508 no está dirigida directamente a mejorar la precisión con la que se puede medir un objeto a partir de su imagen proyectada sino al proceso de calibración del aparato emisor de rayos con ayuda de dichas bolas metálicas. Another type of device consists of adhesive elements that are capable of sticking the calibrating ball to the person's body. A third type of device consists of flexible elements that contain a guide where the calibration ball can be inserted. Due to the flexibility of the element, a metallic ball can be placed at any point of said guide and maintain its position at said point. Some of these calibration elements are preferably used in conjunction with an associated computer program that can recognize the image they produce when irradiated in the total image of the person's body. DE102010017508 describes a method of calibrating a computed tomograph that uses metallic balls of a known dimension to perform the calibration of said tomograph. In the calibration process of the tomograph these balls are placed in a support transparent to radiation. The invention of DE102010017508 is not directly aimed at improving the precision with which an object can be measured from its projected image, but rather at the process of calibrating the ray-emitting device with the help of said metal balls.
US2010/0135467 divulga un ejemplo del empleo de una pluralidad de marcadores con el objetivo de aumentar la precisión del cálculo de la dimensión de articulaciones del cuerpo humano, entre ellas la articulación de las caderas de un paciente. Dicho objetivo es conseguido principalmente a través de la mejora del cálculo de la magnificación que sufre un objeto cuando es proyectado. Este documento describe el posicionamiento de un marcador anterior o de una tira de marcadores anteriores en forma de bolas en el abdomen de un paciente que está colocado en decúbito supino. Un marcador adicional posterior es colocado entre el cuerpo del paciente y la superficie de proyección, estando ambos marcadores situados en el mismo plano perpendicular a dicha superficie. De acuerdo con lo descrito en este documento es posible conocer con precisión el factor de magnificación en base a la dimensión real de los marcadores, la dimensión de la imagen de los marcadores y un valor R que es una proporción que se calcula dividiendo la distancia entre el plano que contiene las caderas del paciente y el marcador superior, y la distancia entre el marcador superior y el inferior. Para poder realizar este cálculo se estima la distancia entre el plano que contiene las caderas del paciente y el marcador anterior en base a mediciones de esta dimensión en diferentes pacientes obtenidas con la ayuda de un tomógrafo. US2010/0135467 discloses an example of the use of a plurality of markers with the aim of increasing the precision of the calculation of the dimension of joints of the human body, including the hip joint of a patient. Said objective is achieved mainly through the improvement of the calculation of the magnification that an object suffers when it is projected. This document describes the positioning of a ball-shaped anterior marker or anterior marker strip on the abdomen of a patient who is positioned in the supine position. An additional posterior marker is placed between the patient's body and the projection surface, both markers being located in the same plane perpendicular to said surface. According to what is described in this document, it is possible to know precisely the magnification factor based on the real dimension of the markers, the dimension of the image of the markers and an R value, which is a proportion that is calculated by dividing the distance between the plane containing the patient's hips and the upper marker, and the distance between the upper and lower markers. In order to carry out this calculation, the distance between the plane containing the patient's hips and the anterior marker is estimated based on measurements of this dimension in different patients obtained with the help of a tomograph.
En vista de las diferentes estrategias y dispositivos del estado del arte existe la necesidad de un dispositivo de simple construcción y utilización que contribuya a calibrar de manera precisa las imágenes obtenidas mediante la irradiación de un objeto como el cuerpo humano con el fin de poder calcular con el mínimo error las dimensiones de una de sus partes tales como una cadera. In view of the different strategies and devices of the state of the art, there is a need for a device of simple construction and use that contributes to accurately calibrate the images obtained by irradiating an object such as the human body in order to be able to calculate with the minimum error the dimensions of one of its parts such as a hip.
Este objetivo es alcanzado y los problemas de la técnica antes nombrados son resueltos mediante un aparato para la calibración de imágenes de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 y un conjunto formado por dicho aparato para la calibración de imágenes y al menos un objeto de calibración de acuerdo con la reivindicación 15. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN This aim is achieved and the aforementioned technical problems are solved by an apparatus for image calibration according to claim 1 and a set consisting of said apparatus for image calibration and at least one calibration object according to claim 1. claim 15. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Un primer aspecto de la invención se refiere a un aparato de calibración de imágenes que está compuesto de un material radiotransparente a una radiación que al incidir sobre un primer objeto o cuerpo (el cuerpo puede ser un cuerpo humano o una parte del cuerpo humano) del cual se quiere conocer sus dimensiones lo proyecta sobre una superficie sensible a dicha radiación formando una imagen de dicho objeto o cuerpo sobre dicha superficie dicho aparato dispone de al menos una base y de al menos dos superficies de apoyo situadas a diferentes distancias con respecto de la base. Las al menos dos superficies de apoyo están adaptadas para posicionar y mantener en dicha posición un objeto de calibración, opaco a dicha radiación y de dimensiones conocidas, de manera que la imagen formada por dicha radiación al proyectar dicho objeto de calibración opaco sobre dicha superficie sirve para determinar las dimensiones reales del primer objeto o de partes de él. Los materiales radiotransparentes pueden ser por ejemplo termoplásticos (Ácido Poliláctico. Acrilonitrilo Butadieno Estireno, Poliamida) resinas para impresión 3D o metacrilato. A first aspect of the invention refers to an image calibration device that is composed of a material that is radiotransparent to a radiation that, when incident on a first object or body (the body can be a human body or a part of the human body) of the whose dimensions are to be known is projected onto a surface sensitive to said radiation, forming an image of said object or body on said surface. Said apparatus has at least one base and at least two support surfaces located at different distances from the surface. base. The at least two support surfaces are adapted to position and maintain in said position a calibration object, opaque to said radiation and of known dimensions, so that the image formed by said radiation when projecting said opaque calibration object onto said surface serves as to determine the actual dimensions of the first object or parts of it. Radiolucent materials can be, for example, thermoplastics (Polylactic Acid. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, Polyamide), resins for 3D printing or methacrylate.
En un modo de realización de la invención cada una de dichas superficies de apoyo o parte de ellas comprende un alojamiento que puede posicionar y mantener en dicha posición dicho de calibración. Los alojamientos pueden ser son rehundidos en las superficies de apoyo con una geometría semiesférica, cónica, cubica o combinaciones de estas geometrías y el objeto de calibración es una bola metálica. In one embodiment of the invention, each of said support surfaces or part of them comprises a housing that can position and maintain said calibration in said position. The housings can be sunk into the support surfaces with a hemispherical, conical, cubic geometry or combinations of these geometries and the calibration object is a metallic ball.
De forma más genérica los alojamientos pueden ser cualquier geometría o disposición de elementos que permita sujetar el objeto de calibración en las superficies de apoyo manteniendo la distancia de la bola a la base. In a more generic way, the housings can be any geometry or arrangement of elements that allows the calibration object to be attached to the support surfaces, maintaining the distance from the ball to the base.
En realizaciones alternativas el aparato puede disponer de elementos de sujeción situados en dichas superficies de apoyo que posicionan y mantienen en dicha posición dichos objetos de calibración. Por ejemplo, pueden comprender tetones verticales o torretas cilindricas huecas de forma que la bola quede sujeta entre los tetones o en las torretas. In alternative embodiments, the apparatus can have clamping elements located on said support surfaces that position and maintain said calibration objects in said position. For example, they may comprise vertical lugs or hollow cylindrical turrets so that the ball is held between the lugs or in the turrets.
En realizaciones preferentes dichas superficies de apoyo pueden están dispuestas en forma de escalones dispuestos sucesivamente entre 4 y 14cm de distancia de la base del aparato. Cuantos más escalones tenga el aparato mayor número de posibles distancias entre el objeto de calibración y la superficie sensible a la radiación de forma que se conseguirá mayor precisión. In preferred embodiments, said support surfaces can be arranged in the form of steps arranged successively between 4 and 14 cm away from the base of the apparatus. The more steps the device has, the greater the number of possible distances between the calibration object and the radiation-sensitive surface, so that more precision.
De manera preferencial el aparato para la calibración de imágenes dispone de cuatro escalones dispuestos sucesivamente de forma que la parte superior de cada escalón esté situada a 6cm, 8cm. 10cm y 12cm de la primera base del aparato. Los escalones comprenden alojamientos de forma semiesférica y están adaptados para alojar un objeto de calibración constituido por una bola metálica de 25 mm de diámetro Preferably, the image calibration apparatus has four steps arranged successively such that the top of each step is located at 6cm, 8cm. 10cm and 12cm from the first base of the apparatus. The steps include hemispherical seats and are adapted to house a calibration object made up of a 25 mm diameter metal ball.
De manera ventajosa el aparato para la calibración de imágenes está compuesto de una sola pieza. Advantageously, the apparatus for calibrating images consists of a single part.
En algunas realizaciones el aparato de la invención comprende al menos dos elementos, un primer elemento que comprende una primera base que puede apoyar sobre una superficie y una primera superficie de apoyo a una distancia H de la primera base y un segundo elemento que comprende una segunda base que puede apoyar sobre dicha superficie y una segunda superficie de apoyo a una distancia h de la primera base, siendo H>h. El aparato puede comprender 3, 4 o más elementos que proporcionaran 3, 4 o más distancias diferentes del objeto de calibración respecto de dicha superficie. In some embodiments, the apparatus of the invention comprises at least two elements, a first element comprising a first base that can rest on a surface and a first support surface at a distance H from the first base and a second element comprising a second base that can rest on said surface and a second support surface at a distance h from the first base, where H>h. The apparatus may comprise 3, 4 or more elements that will provide 3, 4 or more different distances of the calibration object from said surface.
El aparato puede comprender medios de acoplamiento entre el primer elemento y el segundo elemento. The apparatus may comprise coupling means between the first element and the second element.
En un posible modo de realización el material radiotransparente es un material plástico en particular un plástico susceptible de ser inyectado. In a possible embodiment, the radiolucent material is a plastic material, in particular a plastic capable of being injected.
De manera alternativa el aparato es susceptible de ser formado por una impresora 3D que imprimiría dicho aparato usando el material radiotransparente del que dicho aparato está formado. Alternatively the apparatus is capable of being formed by a 3D printer which would print said apparatus using the radiolucent material from which said apparatus is formed.
El aparato para la calibración de imágenes es susceptible de ser colocado de manera anexa a la cadera de una persona de manera que el objeto de calibración pueda colocarse a la altura del trocánter mayor de uno de los fémures de una persona. The image calibration apparatus is capable of being attached to the hip of a person so that the calibration object can be placed at the level of the greater trochanter of one of the femurs of a person.
El aparato de la invención es susceptible de ser colocado entre los muslos de una persona de manera que el objeto de calibración queda situado dentro de un plano que contiene a los dos trocánteres mayores de la persona. The apparatus of the invention is capable of being placed between the thighs of a person in such a way that the calibration object is located within a plane that contains the two greater trochanters of the person.
Un segundo aspecto de la invención se refiere a un conjunto formado por el aparato para la calibración de imágenes de la invención y por al menos un objeto de calibración susceptible de ser posicionado y mantenido en una superficie de dicho aparato. A second aspect of the invention refers to a set made up of the apparatus for calibrating images of the invention and at least one calibration object capable of being positioned and maintained on a surface of said apparatus.
Dicho objeto de calibración opaco puede tener forma esférica o semiesférica. Said opaque calibration object may have a spherical or hemispherical shape.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
La figura 1 muestra una vista en perspectiva de una primera realización del elemento calibrador. Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the gauge element.
La figura 2 muestra el aparato calibrador de la figura 1 con una bola metálica opaca a la radicación colocada en uno de sus alojamientos. Figure 2 shows the gauge apparatus of Figure 1 with a metallic ball opaque to radiation placed in one of its housings.
La figura 3 muestra una vista en perspectiva de una segunda realización del elemento calibrador Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of the gauge element.
La figura 4 muestra el aparato calibrador de la figura 1 situado en un lateral de un cuerpo de un paciente ambos dos colocados en una mesa de rayos. Figure 4 shows the gauge apparatus of Figure 1 positioned on one side of a patient's body, both of which are placed on an X-ray table.
La figura 5 es una radiografía de la pelvis de un paciente con una prótesis de cadera donde se puede apreciar la proyección de un elemento opaco a la radiación en forma de bola. Figure 5 is a radiograph of the pelvis of a patient with a hip prosthesis where the projection of a ball-shaped opaque element to radiation can be seen.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE REALIZACIONES DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Un aparato (1) para calibración de imágenes de acuerdo con un modo de realización de la invención está ilustrado en la figura 1. El aparato está compuesto por un material radiotransparente (2) y dispone de una pluralidad de alojamientos (5) situados a diferentes distancias con respecto de su base (6). Tal y como se observa en la figura 2, dichos alojamientos (5) están diseñados para soportar un objeto de calibración (7) opaco a la radiación de manera que cuando el aparato se encuentra situado en la cercanía de un primer objeto, por ejemplo, una parte del cuerpo de una persona de la cual se quiere conocer una dimensión y es irradiado con el fin de formar una imagen (8) sólo el objeto de calibración (7) opacos a la radiación y no el aparato (1) aparecen en la imagen (8), tal y como se observa en la figura 5. El aparato (1) está diseñado para ser colocado sobre una superficie cuya distancia a la superficie sensible a la radiación (4) es conocida, de manera que la distancia del objeto de calibración (7) opaco a la superficie sensible a la radiación es conocida. Conociendo las dimensiones del objeto de calibración (7), su distancia al foco de emisión rayos (16) y la distancia del objeto de calibración (7) a la superficie sensible a la radiación (4) dónde se forma la imagen es posible conocer la magnificación, factor de magnificación, que sufre el objeto de calibración (7) cuando es proyectado sobre la superficie sensible a la radiación (4). En base al mismo factor de magnificación y partiendo de las dimensiones de la imagen de una parte del cuerpo en la superficie (4) sensible a la radiación, se puede estimar con precisión las dimensiones reales de dicha parte del cuerpo, por ejemplo, una cadera. Conocer con exactitud las dimensiones de la parte del cuerpo que va a ser reemplazada total o parcialmente por una prótesis es de vital importancia a la hora de elegir el tamaño y forma de dicha prótesis. Dado que la distancia del segundo elemento (7) a la superficie sensible a la radiación (4) es de vital importancia en la precisión del cálculo de las dimensiones reales del elemento del cuerpo humano el cuerpo opaco a la radiación debe ser colocado a la altura adecuada con respecto a la base (6) del aparato (1) para la calibración de imágenes (1). An apparatus (1) for image calibration according to an embodiment of the invention is illustrated in figure 1. The apparatus is made of a radiolucent material (2) and has a plurality of housings (5) located at different distances from its base (6). As can be seen in figure 2, said housings (5) are designed to support a calibration object (7) opaque to radiation so that when the device is located in the vicinity of a first object, for example, a part of the body of a person whose dimension is to be known and is irradiated in order to form an image (8) only the calibration object (7) opaque to radiation and not the apparatus (1) appear on the image image (8), as can be seen in figure 5. The apparatus (1) is designed to be placed on a surface whose distance from the radiation-sensitive surface (4) is known, such that the distance of the object calibration (7) opaque to the radiation sensitive surface is known. Knowing the dimensions of the calibration object (7), its distance from the source of ray emission (16) and the distance from the calibration object (7) to the radiation-sensitive surface (4) where the image is formed, it is possible to know the magnification, magnification factor, that the calibration object (7) undergoes when it is projected onto the radiation-sensitive surface. radiation (4). Based on the same magnification factor and starting from the dimensions of the image of a part of the body on the radiation-sensitive surface (4), it is possible to accurately estimate the real dimensions of said part of the body, for example, a hip. . Knowing exactly the dimensions of the part of the body that is going to be totally or partially replaced by a prosthesis is of vital importance when choosing the size and shape of said prosthesis. Since the distance of the second element (7) from the radiation-sensitive surface (4) is of vital importance in the accuracy of the calculation of the actual dimensions of the human body element, the radiation-opaque body must be placed at the height suitable with respect to the base (6) of the apparatus (1) for image calibration (1).
En el caso de que el elemento del cual se quiere calcular su dimensión sea la cadera de un paciente, el objeto de calibración (7) opaco a la radiación debe ser colocado en un plano que contiene a las caderas del paciente cuando éste está colocado en posición decúbito supino, tal y como se observa en la figura 4. Dicho plano contiene al trocánter mayor (40) del fémur (50) más cercano a la cadera de la persona, de manera que el objeto de calibración (7) opaco a la radiación, normalmente una bola metálica debe ser colocada a la altura de dicho trocánter mayor (40). Una vez colocado en esta posición se conoce la altura exacta a la base (6) del aparato para calibración de imágenes. Debido a que el aparato para calibración de imágenes (1) de la invención dispone de diferentes alojamientos (5) situados a diferentes alturas con respecto de su base (6), que dichos alojamientos (5) están concebidos para soportar uno objeto de calibración (7) opaco a la radiación y que el aparato puede ser trasladado con facilidad por el usuario hasta ser colocado en un lateral de la cadera de una persona, es posible colocar el objeto de calibración (7) opaco a la radiación a la altura del trocánter mayor (40) de una manera precisa y mantenerlo en dicha posición de forma estable. In the event that the element whose dimension is to be calculated is the hip of a patient, the calibration object (7) opaque to radiation must be placed in a plane that contains the patient's hips when it is placed in position. supine position, as seen in figure 4. Said plane contains the greater trochanter (40) of the femur (50) closest to the person's hip, so that the calibration object (7) opaque to the radiation, normally a metal ball must be placed at the level of said greater trochanter (40). Once placed in this position, the exact height at the base (6) of the apparatus for image calibration is known. Because the image calibration device (1) of the invention has different housings (5) located at different heights with respect to its base (6), said housings (5) are designed to support one calibration object ( 7) opaque to radiation and that the device can be easily moved by the user until it is placed on the side of a person's hip, it is possible to place the calibration object (7) opaque to radiation at the level of the trochanter greater (40) in a precise manner and keep it in said position in a stable manner.
Es conocido que una posición especialmente ventajosa del objeto de calibración (7) opaco a la radiación para la realización de una imagen de rayos corresponde a situar dicho objeto entre los muslos de la persona en posición decúbito supino en una posición cercana a la pelvis. Es necesario por tanto que una vez identificada la altura adecuada del objeto de calibración (7) opaco a la radiación a la base (6) de dicho objeto (1) éste sea trasladado a dicha posición ventajosa. El aparato (1) para calibración de imágenes de acuerdo con la invención permite que esta operación pueda ser realizada con sencillez ya que el aparato mismo puede ser trasladado por el usuario a la posición deseada con facilidad, y el objeto de calibración (7) opaco a la radiación, que de manera preferencial es una bola metálica, colocado manualmente en el mismo alojamiento (5) del aparato (1) para la calibración de imágenes elegido anteriormente. De esta manera se consigue que el objeto de calibración (7) opaco a la radiación esté dispuesto tanto en altura como con respecto al cuerpo del paciente en la posición idónea. It is known that a particularly advantageous position of the radiation-opaque calibration object (7) for performing an X-ray image corresponds to placing said object between the thighs of the person in the supine position in a position close to the pelvis. It is therefore necessary that once the appropriate height of the calibration object (7) opaque to radiation at the base (6) of said object (1) has been identified, it is moved to said advantageous position. The apparatus (1) for calibrating images according to the invention allows this operation to be carried out with ease since the apparatus It can be easily moved by the user to the desired position, and the calibration object (7) opaque to radiation, which is preferably a metal ball, manually placed in the same housing (5) of the apparatus (1). for the previously chosen image calibration. In this way it is achieved that the radiation-opaque calibration object (7) is arranged both in height and with respect to the body of the patient in the ideal position.
Es de señalar que el aparato para calibración de imágenes (1) es capaz de soportar más de un objeto de calibración (7) opaco a la radiación. Este tipo de disposición puede ser ventajosa cuando el objetivo es la calibración del aparato emisor de rayos. It should be noted that the image calibration apparatus (1) is capable of supporting more than one calibration object (7) opaque to radiation. This type of arrangement can be advantageous when the objective is the calibration of the ray-emitting apparatus.
En un modo de realización de la invención el aparato (1) para calibración de imágenes comprende además de su base (6) un primer lado (9), un segundo lado (10) opuesto al primer lado (9), un tercer lado (11), un cuarto lado (12) opuesto al tercer lado (11) y una superficie superior escalonada (6’). Las dimensiones del primer lado (9) y segundos lados (10) pueden ser mayores o menores que la del tercer (11) y cuarto lados (12) de manera que el aparto tenga una forma rectangular lo cual contribuye a que el elemento opaco a la radiación (7) pueda ser colocado con facilidad en una posición próxima al trocánter mayor (40) del paciente. La superficie superior escalonada (6') permite la definición de diferentes alturas o escalones (13) a las cuales puede ser colocado el objeto de calibración (7) opaco a la radiación. En una realización las dimensiones del dispositivo pueden ser: alto 120 mm; largo 145-150 mm; ancho 35-45 mm. In one embodiment of the invention, the apparatus (1) for image calibration comprises, in addition to its base (6), a first side (9), a second side (10) opposite the first side (9), a third side ( 11), a fourth side (12) opposite the third side (11) and a stepped top surface (6'). The dimensions of the first side (9) and second sides (10) can be greater or less than that of the third (11) and fourth sides (12) so that the device has a rectangular shape, which contributes to the opaque element at radiation (7) can be easily placed in a position close to the greater trochanter (40) of the patient. The stepped top surface (6 ' ) allows the definition of different heights or steps (13) at which the radiation opaque calibration object (7) can be placed. In one embodiment the dimensions of the device can be: height 120 mm; length 145-150mm; width 35-45mm.
De manera ventajosa los alojamientos (5) están situados en cada uno de los escalones (13) de la parte superior del aparato (1) siendo el alojamiento (14) más próximo a uno de los lados el más próximo a la base (6) y el alojamiento (15) más próximo al lado opuesto el más lejano a la base (6). Esta disposición de los alojamientos facilita la colocación por parte del usuario del objeto de calibración (7) opaco en dichos alojamientos. La disposición escalonada de los alojamientos (5) hace posible que si en un primer momento la altura elegida para la colocación del objeto de calibración opaco (7) no es la correcta sea muy probable que la posición correcta se encuentre en uno de los alojamientos adyacentes. Advantageously, the housings (5) are located in each of the steps (13) of the upper part of the apparatus (1), the housing (14) closest to one of the sides being the closest to the base (6). and the housing (15) closest to the opposite side is the furthest from the base (6). This arrangement of the housings facilitates the placement by the user of the opaque calibration object (7) in said housings. The staggered arrangement of the housings (5) makes it possible that if at first the height chosen for the placement of the opaque calibration object (7) is not correct, it is very likely that the correct position is in one of the adjacent housings. .
En un modo de realización de la invención, representado en las figuras 1 y 2, el aparato (1) dispone de cuatro escalones (13) cada uno de los cuales comprende un alojamiento (5) que quedan así dispuestos de manera sucesiva a una distancia comprendida entre 4 y 14 cm de la base del aparato (1) preferentemente de manera que la parte superior de cada alojamiento esté situada a 6cm, 8cm, 10cm, y 12cm de la base de dicho aparato. Esta disposición está relacionada con el hecho de que el cuerpo de las personas y de las partes de dicho cuerpo varían en dimensión de manera que la altura a la que se encuentra el trocánter mayor de una persona colocada en decúbito supino con respecto de la superficie en la que se apoya es variable. El hecho de que la parte superior de los alojamientos esté colocada entre 4 y 14 cm de la base (6) del aparato para calibración de imágenes (1) cuya base (6) está colocada sobre la superficie en la que se apoya el cuerpo de la persona cuando está en la posición de decúbito supino hace posible que el objeto de calibración (7) pueda ser colocado a la altura del trocánter mayor (40) independientemente del tamaño de la persona. In an embodiment of the invention, represented in figures 1 and 2, the apparatus (1) has four steps (13) each of which comprises a housing (5) that are thus arranged successively at a distance between 4 and 14 cm in length the base of the apparatus (1) preferably so that the upper part of each housing is located 6cm, 8cm, 10cm, and 12cm from the base of said apparatus. This arrangement is related to the fact that the human body and body parts vary in dimension such that the height at which the greater trochanter of a supine person is with respect to the surface on which is supported is variable. The fact that the upper part of the housings is placed between 4 and 14 cm from the base (6) of the image calibration apparatus (1) whose base (6) is placed on the surface on which the body of the When the person is in the supine position, it makes it possible for the calibration object (7) to be placed at the level of the greater trochanter (40) regardless of the person's size.
En un modo de realización de la invención los alojamientos (5) tienen forma semiesférica y están adaptados a alojar un objeto de calibración esférico, especialmente una bola metálica de 25mm de diámetro. In one embodiment of the invention, the housings (5) have a hemispherical shape and are adapted to house a spherical calibration object, especially a 25mm diameter metal ball.
En un modo preferencial de realización el aparato (1) para calibración de imágenes está compuesto de una sólo pieza, tal y como se observa en las figuras 1 y 2. El hecho de que esté compuesto de una sola pieza facilita su fabricación y evita el problema de que con el tiempo las diferentes piezas de las que podría estar compuesto varíen su posición relativa perjudicando el buen funcionamiento del aparato. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus (1) for image calibration is made up of a single piece, as can be seen in figures 1 and 2. The fact that it is made up of a single piece makes it easier to manufacture and prevents problem that over time the different parts of which it could be composed vary their relative position, impairing the proper functioning of the device.
En una posible realización del aparato los alojamientos son elementos huecos de manera que es posible dotar de alojamientos al aparato (1) aunque estén construidos de una sólo pieza. In a possible embodiment of the apparatus, the housings are hollow elements so that it is possible to provide the apparatus (1) with housings even though they are built in a single piece.
En la figura 3 se representa un segundo modo de realización en el cual el aparato (1) está formado por 4 elementos, donde cada elemento comprende una base (6,62,63,64) que puede apoyar sobre una superficie y una superficie de apoyo (5,52,53,54) a una distancia de la primera base. Las 4 superficies comprenden un alojamiento que puede alojar un objeto opaco. La distancia de la superficie a la base de cada uno de los 4 elementos es distinta de forma que el objeto opaco puede quedar dispuesto a diferentes alturas. Figure 3 shows a second embodiment in which the apparatus (1) is made up of 4 elements, where each element comprises a base (6,62,63,64) that can rest on a surface and a surface of support (5,52,53,54) at a distance from first base. The 4 surfaces comprise a housing that can house an opaque object. The distance from the surface to the base of each of the 4 elements is different so that the opaque object can be arranged at different heights.
En un modo de realización del aparato (1) para calibración de imágenes el material radiotransparente (2) del que está formado es un material plástico en particular un plástico susceptible de ser inyectado. Una vez obtenidos los moldes con la forma adecuada para construir el aparato (1) para calibración de imágenes la producción de una unidad es un proceso que se realiza con relativa rapidez de manera que es posible obtener el número adecuado de aparatos para calibración de imágenes de una manera rápida. In one embodiment of the apparatus (1) for image calibration, the radiolucent material (2) from which it is formed is a plastic material, in particular a plastic capable of being injected. Once the molds have been obtained with the appropriate shape to build the apparatus (1) for image calibration, the production of a unit is a process that is carried out relatively quickly so that it is possible to obtain the adequate number of devices for image calibration quickly.
De manera alternativa al proceso de inyección el aparato (1) éste puede ser formado por medio de una impresora 3D que imprimiría dicho aparato para la calibración de imágenes (1) usando el material radiotransparente del que está formado. Esta forma de construcción facilitaría la construcción del aparato en cualquier lugar provisto de la impresora 3D adecuada y del material radiotransparente necesario. El software que contiene las instrucciones necesarias para la impresión del aparato (1) para la calibración de imágenes podría ser un software libre. As an alternative to the injection process, the apparatus (1) can be formed by means of a 3D printer that would print said apparatus for image calibration (1) using the radiolucent material from which it is formed. This form of construction would facilitate the construction of the apparatus in any place provided with the appropriate 3D printer and the necessary radiolucent material. The software that contains the necessary instructions for printing the apparatus (1) for image calibration could be free software.
Como señalado anteriormente el aparato es susceptible de ser colocado de manera anexa a la cadera de una persona con el fin de que el objeto de calibración (7) opaco a la radiación pueda colocarse en uno de los alojamientos a la altura del trocánter mayor (40) de uno de los fémures (50) de una persona. Posteriormente con el objeto de colocar el aparato y el objeto de calibración en la posición idónea para la realización de la imagen, el aparato es susceptible de ser colocado entre los muslos del paciente cercano a su pelvis estando el objeto de calibración (7) alojado a una altura de la base (6) correspondiente a la altura del trocánter mayor (40). As previously indicated, the device can be placed attached to the hip of a person so that the calibration object (7) opaque to radiation can be placed in one of the housings at the height of the greater trochanter (40 ) of one of the femurs (50) of a person. Subsequently, in order to place the device and the calibration object in the ideal position for the realization of the image, the device can be placed between the patient's thighs close to his pelvis with the calibration object (7) housed at a height of the base (6) corresponding to the height of the greater trochanter (40).
En este texto, las palabras primer, segundo, tercer, etc. han sido usadas para describir distintos dispositivos o elementos; se debe considerar que los dispositivos o elementos no están limitados por estas palabras pues dichas palabras solo se han usado para distinguir un dispositivo o elemento de otro. Por ejemplo, el primer dispositivo podría haber sido nombrado segundo dispositivo, y el segundo dispositivo podría haber sido nombrado primer dispositivo sin salirse del alcance de la presente divulgación. In this text, the words first, second, third, etc. They have been used to describe different devices or elements; it should be considered that the devices or elements are not limited by these words since these words have only been used to distinguish one device or element from another. For example, the first device could have been named the second device, and the second device could have been named the first device without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
En este texto, la palabra “comprende” y sus variantes (como “comprendiendo”, etc.) no deben interpretarse de forma excluyente, es decir, no excluyen la posibilidad de que lo descrito incluya otros elementos, pasos etc. In this text, the word "comprises" and its variants (such as "comprising", etc.) should not be interpreted in an exclusive way, that is, they do not exclude the possibility that what is described includes other elements, steps, etc.
Por otra parte, la invención no está limitada a las realizaciones concretas que se han descrito sino abarca también, por ejemplo, las variantes que pueden ser realizadas por el experto medio en la materia (por ejemplo, en cuanto a la elección de materiales, dimensiones, componentes, configuración, etc.), dentro de lo que se desprende de las reivindicaciones. On the other hand, the invention is not limited to the concrete embodiments that have been described but also covers, for example, the variants that can be made by the average person skilled in the art (for example, regarding the choice of materials, dimensions , components, configuration, etc.), within what is apparent from the claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Aparato (1) para la calibración de imágenes, que está compuesto de un material radiotransparente (2) a una radiación que al incidir sobre un primer objeto (3) del cual se quiere conocer sus dimensiones lo proyecta sobre una superficie (4) sensible a dicha radiación formando una imagen de dicho objeto (3) sobre dicha superficie (4) sensible a la radiación, caracterizado porque el aparato (1) comprende al menos una base (6) , y al menos dos superficies de apoyo (5) situadas a diferentes distancias con respecto de la base (6), superficies (5) adaptadas para posicionar y mantener en dicha posición un objeto de calibración (7), opaco a dicha radiación y de dimensiones conocidas, de manera que la imagen formada por dicha radiación al proyectar dicho objeto de calibración (7) sobre dicha superficie (4) sensible a la radiación sirve para determinar las dimensiones reales del primer objeto (3) o de partes de él 1. Apparatus (1) for image calibration, which is composed of a radiotransparent material (2) to a radiation that, when incident on a first object (3) whose dimensions are to be known, projects it onto a surface (4). sensitive to said radiation forming an image of said object (3) on said surface (4) sensitive to radiation, characterized in that the apparatus (1) comprises at least one base (6), and at least two support surfaces (5) located at different distances from the base (6), surfaces (5) adapted to position and maintain in said position a calibration object (7), opaque to said radiation and of known dimensions, so that the image formed by said radiation by projecting said calibration object (7) onto said radiation-sensitive surface (4) serves to determine the real dimensions of the first object (3) or parts thereof
2. Aparato para la calibración de imágenes de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque cada una de dichas superficies de apoyo (5) o parte de ellas comprende un alojamiento (8) que posiciona y mantiene en dicha posición dicho objeto de calibración. Apparatus for calibrating images according to claim 1, characterized in that each of said support surfaces (5) or part thereof comprises a housing (8) that positions and maintains said calibration object in said position.
3. Aparato para la calibración de imágenes de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 1 o 2 caracterizado porque los alojamientos (8) son rehundidos en las superficies de apoyo (5) con una geometría semiesférica, cónica, cubica o combinaciones de estas geometrías y el objeto de calibración (7) es preferentemente una bola metálica. 3. Apparatus for calibrating images according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the housings (8) are recessed in the support surfaces (5) with a hemispherical, conical, cubic geometry or combinations of these geometries and the object of calibration (7) is preferably a metallic ball.
4. Aparato para la calibración de imágenes de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque el aparato dispone de elementos de sujeción (9) situados en dichas superficies de apoyo (5) que posicionan y mantienen en dicha posición dicho objeto de calibración (7). Apparatus for calibrating images according to claim 1, characterized in that the apparatus has clamping elements (9) located on said support surfaces (5) that position and maintain said calibration object (7) in said position.
5. Aparato para la calibración de imágenes de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque dichas superficies de apoyo (5) adaptadas para posicionar y mantener en dicha posición por lo menos un objeto opaco (7) a la radiación están dispuestas en forma de escalones (13). 5. Apparatus for calibrating images according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said support surfaces (5) adapted to position and maintain in said position at least one opaque object (7) to radiation are arranged in the shape of a steps (13).
6. Aparato para la calibración de imágenes de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque dispone de cuatro escalones (13) dispuestos sucesivamente entre 4 y 16 cm de distancia de la base (6) del aparato (1) preferentemente de manera que la parte superior de cada escalón esté situada a 6cm, 8cm, 10cm y 12cm de la primera base (6) de dicho aparato. 6. Apparatus for calibrating images according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has four steps (13) arranged successively between 4 and 16 cm away from the base (6) of the apparatus (1) preferably so that the The top of each step is located 6cm, 8cm, 10cm and 12cm from the first base (6) of said apparatus.
7. Aparato para la calibración de imágenes de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 5 o 6 caracterizado porque los escalones (13) comprenden alojamientos (8) de forma semiesférica y están adaptados para alojar un objeto de calibración constituido por una bola metálica de 25 mm de diámetro. 7. Apparatus for calibrating images according to any of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the steps (13) comprise housings (8) with a hemispherical shape and are adapted to house a calibration object made up of a 25 mm metal ball. diameter.
8. Aparato para la calibración de imágenes de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque el aparato (1) está compuesto de una sola pieza. 8. Apparatus for calibrating images according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the apparatus (1) is made up of a single piece.
9. Aparato para la calibración de imágenes según la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque comprende al menos dos elementos, un primer elemento que comprende una primera base (6) que puede apoyar sobre una superficie y una primera superficie de apoyo (5) a una distancia H de la primera base y un segundo elemento que comprende una segunda base (62) que puede apoyar sobre dicha superficie y una segunda superficie de apoyo (52) a una distancia h de la primera base siendo H>h. 9. Apparatus for calibrating images according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least two elements, a first element comprising a first base (6) that can rest on a surface and a first support surface (5) at a distance H of the first base and a second element comprising a second base (62) that can rest on said surface and a second support surface (52) at a distance h from the first base, where H>h.
10. Aparato para la calibración de imágenes según la reivindicación 9 caracterizado porque comprende medios de acoplamiento entre el primer elemento y el segundo elemento. 10. Apparatus for calibrating images according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises coupling means between the first element and the second element.
11. Aparato (1) para la calibración de imágenes de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque dicho material radiotransparente (2) es un material plástico en particular un plástico susceptible de ser inyectado. Apparatus (1) for image calibration according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said radiolucent material (2) is a plastic material, in particular a plastic capable of being injected.
12. Aparato (1) para la calibración de imágenes de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque es susceptible de ser formado por una impresora 3D que imprimiría dicho aparato usando el material radiotransparente del que dicho aparato (1) está formado. 12. Apparatus (1) for image calibration according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it can be formed by a 3D printer that would print said apparatus using the radiolucent material from which said apparatus (1) is formed.
13. Aparato (1) para la calibración de imágenes de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque el aparato (1) es susceptible de ser colocado de manera anexa a la cadera de una persona de manera que el objecto de calibración (7) pueda colocarse a la altura del trocánter mayor (40) de uno de los dos fémures (15) de una persona. 13. Apparatus (1) for image calibration according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the apparatus (1) can be placed attached to a person's hip so that the calibration object (7) It can be placed at the level of the greater trochanter (40) of one of the two femurs (15) of a person.
14. Aparato (1) para la calibración de imágenes de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque el aparato (1) es susceptible de ser colocado entre los muslos de una persona de manera que el objeto de calibración (7) quede situado dentro de un plano que contenga a los dos trocánteres mayores (14) de la persona. 14. Apparatus (1) for image calibration according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the apparatus (1) can be placed between the thighs of a person so that the calibration object (7) is located inside of a plane that contains the two greater trochanters (14) of the person.
15. Conjunto formado por un aparato (1) para la calibración de imágenes de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores y al menos un objeto de calibración (7) susceptible de ser posicionado y mantenido en una superficie (5) de dicho aparato (1). 15. Set made up of an apparatus (1) for image calibration according to any of the preceding claims and at least one calibration object (7) capable of being positioned and maintained on a surface (5) of said apparatus (1). ).
16. Conjunto de acuerdo con la reivindicación 15 caracterizado porque los objetos de calibración (7) son bolas esféricas de material metálico opaco a la radiación. Assembly according to claim 15, characterized in that the calibration objects (7) are spherical balls of metallic material opaque to radiation.
PCT/ES2022/070496 2021-07-28 2022-07-27 Device for the calibration of images WO2023007052A1 (en)

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