WO2023005752A1 - 一种天线阵列以及通信装置 - Google Patents

一种天线阵列以及通信装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023005752A1
WO2023005752A1 PCT/CN2022/106623 CN2022106623W WO2023005752A1 WO 2023005752 A1 WO2023005752 A1 WO 2023005752A1 CN 2022106623 W CN2022106623 W CN 2022106623W WO 2023005752 A1 WO2023005752 A1 WO 2023005752A1
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Prior art keywords
antenna array
array
antenna
different
frequency band
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Application number
PCT/CN2022/106623
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张晶
王天祥
唐明春
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2023005752A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023005752A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of antennas, and in particular, to an antenna array and a communication device.
  • the integration of antennas has been continuously improved, resulting in increasingly crowded array of oscillators in the antenna array; especially in the case of multi-band coexistence, different frequency bands
  • the arrangement of the antenna elements of the present invention faces great challenges in two aspects.
  • dipoles of different sizes are used to work in different frequency bands.
  • the low-frequency band adopts a large-sized vibrator
  • the high-frequency band adopts a small-sized vibrator
  • the on-off relationship between a feed source and multiple vibrators is used to realize the conversion of the working frequency band.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna array and a communication device, which are used to improve aperture efficiency of the antenna.
  • the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides an antenna array, including: a plurality of radiating units and a plurality of switches, each radiating unit is provided with an independent feed source, and the independent feed source is used to provide excitation for the radiating unit;
  • the radiating units are connected through a plurality of switches, and different on-off modes of the plurality of switches correspond to different combinations of the radiating units, and different combinations of the radiating units correspond to different working frequency bands.
  • the on-off control of the switches loaded between the plurality of radiating elements with independent feed sources constitutes the antenna array
  • the on-off mode of a switch constitutes a combination of the radiating elements in the antenna array
  • the plurality of switches Different on-off modes correspond to different combinations of radiating units.
  • Each combination of radiating units realizes a working frequency band.
  • Each radiating unit has an independent feed source, that is, all radiating units in the combination of radiating units participate in radiation.
  • the working frequency band gain can be increased, and the aperture efficiency of the antenna can also be improved.
  • the antenna array includes multiple sub-arrays; when the working frequency bands of the sub-arrays are the same, the working frequency band of the antenna array is a single frequency band; when the working frequency bands of the sub-arrays are different, the working frequency band of the antenna array is broadband bring.
  • multiple sub-arrays of the antenna array work in the same working frequency band through the on-off mode of the switch, which can realize working in the enhanced single frequency band, and can realize the energy enhancement of a specific frequency band without resorting to other structures.
  • Suppressing signals in other frequency bands reduces the complexity of the antenna;
  • multiple sub-arrays of the antenna array work in different working frequency bands, which can realize an ultra-wide frequency band covering multiple working frequency bands with one antenna array.
  • a system composed of multiple dipoles or a system composed of reconfigurable units can greatly reduce the size of the antenna on the one hand.
  • different feed amplitudes of the multiple independent feed sources in the antenna array correspond to different working frequency bands of the antenna array.
  • the combinations of radiation elements in different numbers and positions in the antenna array form different radiation apertures after adjusting the feeding amplitude. Due to the difference in electrical length, the operating frequency of the entire antenna is different, and the frequency can be realized. refactor.
  • different phases of the multiple independent feed sources in the antenna array correspond to different beam directions of the antenna array.
  • different positions of independent feed sources providing excitation in the antenna array correspond to different polarization modes of the antenna array.
  • the feeding position of the antenna array can be different, that is, the current distribution is different, and the polarization can be reconfigured.
  • the switch in the antenna array is in an off state, and the working frequency band of the antenna array is adjusted through the relative positions of the independent feed source and the radiation unit.
  • the working frequency is different due to the different positions of different radiating units in the entire antenna array, and the relative position of the independent feed source in the radiating unit and the radiating unit can be adjusted, so that the working frequency band of the antenna array can be adjusted accordingly.
  • the working frequency band of the antenna array is adjusted through the relative positions of the independent feed source and the radiation unit, and the selection of amplitude and phase in the antenna array.
  • the working frequency band of the antenna array can be adjusted accordingly to achieve different working modes, and then the unit feed amplitude of each independent feed source can be configured To stimulate different working modes, realize the antenna working in different frequency bands, in addition, control the feeding phase of each independent feed unit, realize the positive radiation of the antenna in the working frequency band, and improve the feasibility of frequency reconstruction.
  • the shape of the radiation unit includes: one or more of a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, a groove, and an irregular figure.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a communication device, where the communication device includes the first aspect and the antenna array in any one implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the technical effect brought by the communication device of the second aspect can refer to the technical effect brought by the first aspect above, and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 1 is a wireless coverage architecture diagram provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of a single radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is the 8*8 array working structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an 8*8 array in which all PIN transistors are turned on provided in the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 6 is the simulation schematic diagram of all conduction of the PIN tube provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent 2*2 array provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent 2*2 array simulation provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram for comparing the E-plane, H-plane, three-dimensional pattern and reflection coefficient
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent 4*4 array provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent 4*4 array simulation provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the beam directions of the 2*2 array and the equivalent 4*4 array provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of an 8*8 array in which all PIN tubes are cut off provided in the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an 8*8 array simulation in which all PIN tubes are cut off provided in the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an enhanced single-band antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array for an ultra-wide frequency band provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the number and position of different radiation units provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of frequency reconfigurability provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 19 is a reconfigurable schematic diagram of the direction diagram provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of polarization reconfigurability provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array arranged symmetrically based on the center of the array provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between frequency and reflection coefficient in different working modes provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of the simulation of the antenna array based on the symmetrical arrangement of the array center provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of the radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna array and a communication device, which are used to improve aperture efficiency of the antenna.
  • Spatial multiplexing is to use multiple antennas at the receiving end and the transmitting end, make full use of the multipath component in the spatial propagation, and use multiple data channels (MIMO sub-channels) to transmit signals on the same frequency band, so that the capacity increases with the number of antennas increases linearly.
  • MIMO sub-channels multiple data channels
  • the basic principle of space diversity is to receive multiple copies of the same information through multiple channels (time, frequency or space). Since the transmission characteristics of multiple channels are different, the fading of multiple copies of the signal will not be the same. The receiver can recover the original transmitted signal relatively correctly by using the information contained in the multiple copies.
  • MIMO multiple input multiple output
  • wireless spectrum resources become more and more scarce with the development of wireless communication and the increase of wireless devices, and improve spectrum utilization and energy efficiency on limited frequency resources It has gradually become a trend in the development of wireless communication.
  • MIMO technology transmits wireless data streams through multiple spatial channels brought about by multi-antenna configuration, making space a resource that can be used to improve performance, and can double the data transmission rate of the system under limited bandwidth; using multiple
  • the antenna realizes functions such as space division multiplexing, beamforming and space diversity, which can increase the capacity of the channel, increase the reliability of the channel, and improve the performance of the wireless communication system.
  • the geometric size of the MIMO antenna oscillator structure is on the same order of magnitude as the wavelength.
  • the volume, weight and power consumption of the MIMO antenna system are greatly limited.
  • the spectrum selection for 5G is likely to use millimeter-wave technology, so that the size of the sub-antenna is limited to the millimeter range.
  • the massive MIMO antenna system has provided a technical support foundation for the 5G system. Massive MIMO increases the number of antennas to dozens or even hundreds, which can provide greater diversity gain and multiplexing gain, and significantly improve channel capacity and spectral efficiency.
  • a reconfigurable antenna still has the basic structure of a traditional antenna. It can change the structure of the antenna radiator by loading radio frequency electronic devices or using mechanical methods, which greatly expands the resonance characteristics and radiation characteristics of the antenna.
  • Reconfigurable antennas can not only adapt to the channel and rate requirements of today's wireless communication systems, but also reduce the number and cost of antennas to a large extent, so they are of great value in practical applications.
  • Reconfigurable antennas not only solve the problems faced by multiple antennas, but also solve the constraints of traditional antennas on the performance of the entire communication equipment. Therefore, reconfigurable antennas are a frontier topic in the field of antennas, and they are also the direction of future antenna development.
  • reconfigurable antennas are mainly divided into three categories: frequency reconfigurable antennas, polarization reconfigurable antennas, and pattern reconfigurable antennas.
  • Frequency reconfigurable as an important part of reconfigurable antennas, has attracted more and more attention, especially today with the increasing demand for hand-held wireless devices.
  • the frequency reconfigurable antenna can be flexibly adjusted according to requirements while the radiation characteristics of the antenna remain basically unchanged.
  • the methods to achieve frequency reconfigurability mainly include loading RF switching devices (diodes, PIN tubes, etc.) or micro-electro-mechanical systems (micro-electro-mechanical systems, MEMS) switch, which switches between on and off working states, thereby changing the structure of the antenna and realizing the movement of the resonance frequency.
  • Theta represents the pitch angle.
  • the wireless coverage architecture diagram provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the main function of the base station is to provide wireless coverage. wireless signal transmission.
  • the process of forward signal transmission is basically as follows: 1.
  • the control signaling, voice call or data service information on the core network side is sent to the base station through the transmission network (in 2G and 3G networks, the signal is first transmitted to the base station controller, and then transmitted to the base station).
  • the signal is processed by baseband and radio frequency on the base station side, and then sent to the antenna through the radio frequency feeder for transmission.
  • the terminal receives the radio waves emitted by the antenna through the wireless channel, and then demodulates its own signal.
  • the reverse signal transmission process is opposite to the forward process, but the principle is similar.
  • Each base station can contain one or more sectors according to the connected antennas.
  • the coverage of a base station sector can reach hundreds to tens of kilometers. However, in densely populated areas, coverage is usually controlled to avoid interference with neighboring base stations.
  • the number of network devices may be one or more, and the number of terminal devices may be one or more. In this embodiment of the present application, the types and numbers of network devices and terminal devices are not limited.
  • the antenna array provided by the embodiment of the present application and its corresponding communication device can be applied to various communication systems, for example, satellite communication systems, Internet of things (Internet of things, IoT), narrowband Internet of things (narrow band internet of things, NB-IoT) system, global system for mobile communications (GSM), enhanced data rate GSM evolution system (enhanced data rate for GSM evolution, EDGE), wideband code division multiple access system (wideband code division multiple access , WCDMA), code division multiple access 2000 system (code division multiple access, CDMA2000), time division synchronous code division multiple access system (time division-synchronization code division multiple access, TD-SCDMA), long term evolution system (long term evolution, LTE ), the fifth generation (5G) communication system, such as 5G new radio (new radio, NR), and the three major application scenarios of the 5G mobile communication system enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable, low-latency Communication (ultra reliable low latency communications, uRLLC) and massive machine type communications (massive machine type communications,
  • terminal equipment includes equipment that provides voice and/or data connectivity to users, specifically, equipment that provides voice to users, or equipment that provides data connectivity to users, or equipment that provides voice and data connectivity to users sexual equipment.
  • Examples may include a handheld device with wireless connectivity, or a processing device connected to a wireless modem.
  • the terminal device can communicate with the core network via a radio access network (radio access network, RAN), exchange voice or data with the RAN, or exchange voice and data with the RAN.
  • radio access network radio access network
  • the terminal equipment may include user equipment (user equipment, UE), wireless terminal equipment, mobile terminal equipment, device-to-device communication (device-to-device, D2D) terminal equipment, vehicle to everything (vehicle to everything, V2X) terminal equipment , machine-to-machine/machine-type communications (machine-to-machine/machine-type communications, M2M/MTC) terminal equipment, Internet of things (internet of things, IoT) terminal equipment, light terminal equipment (light UE), subscriber unit ( subscriber unit), subscriber station (subscriber station), mobile station (mobile station), remote station (remote station), access point (access point, AP), remote terminal (remote terminal), access terminal (access terminal), User terminal (user terminal), user agent (user agent), or user equipment (user device), etc.
  • IoT Internet of things
  • it may include mobile phones (or “cellular” phones), computers with mobile terminal equipment, portable, pocket, hand-held, computer built-in mobile devices, and the like.
  • PCS personal communication service
  • cordless telephone cordless telephone
  • session initiation protocol session initiation protocol
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • constrained devices such as devices with low power consumption, or devices with limited storage capabilities, or devices with limited computing capabilities, etc.
  • it includes barcodes, radio frequency identification (radio frequency identification, RFID), sensors, global positioning system (global positioning system, GPS), laser scanners and other information sensing devices.
  • the terminal device may also be a wearable device.
  • Wearable devices can also be called wearable smart devices or smart wearable devices, etc., which is a general term for the application of wearable technology to intelligently design daily wear and develop wearable devices, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing and shoes wait.
  • a wearable device is a portable device that is worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not only a hardware device, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction.
  • Generalized wearable smart devices include full-featured, large-sized, complete or partial functions without relying on smart phones, such as smart watches or smart glasses, etc., and only focus on a certain type of application functions, and need to cooperate with other devices such as smart phones Use, such as various smart bracelets, smart helmets, smart jewelry, etc. for physical sign monitoring.
  • the various terminal devices described above if they are located on the vehicle (for example, placed in the vehicle or installed in the vehicle), can be considered as vehicle-mounted terminal devices. ).
  • the terminal device may further include a relay (relay).
  • a relay relay
  • all devices capable of performing data communication with the base station can be regarded as terminal devices.
  • the device for realizing the function of the terminal device may be the terminal device, or may be a device capable of supporting the terminal device to realize the function, such as a chip system, and the device may be installed in the terminal device.
  • the system-on-a-chip may be composed of chips, or may include chips and other discrete devices.
  • a network device includes an access network (access network, AN) device, such as a base station (for example, an access point), which may refer to a device in an access network that communicates with a wireless terminal device through one or more cells through an air interface, or
  • AN access network
  • AN access network
  • AN access network
  • AN access network
  • the base station can be used to convert received over-the-air frames to and from IP packets, acting as a router between the terminal device and the rest of the access network, which can include an IP network.
  • the RSU can be a fixed infrastructure entity supporting V2X applications, and can exchange messages with other entities supporting V2X applications.
  • the network device can also coordinate the attribute management of the air interface.
  • the network equipment may include an evolved base station (NodeB or eNB or e-NodeB, evolutional Node B) in a long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) system or an advanced long term evolution (long term evolution-advanced, LTE-A), Or it may also include the next generation node B (next generation node B, gNB) in the fifth generation mobile communication technology (the 5th generation, 5G) NR system (also referred to as NR system) or it may also include the cloud access network (cloud The centralized unit (CU) and distributed unit (DU) in the radio access network (Cloud RAN) system, or the device that carries the function of the network equipment in the future communication system, the embodiment of the present application does not Not limited.
  • NodeB or eNB or e-NodeB, evolutional Node B in a long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) system or an advanced long term evolution (long term evolution-advanced, LTE-A)
  • LTE long term evolution
  • Network equipment may also include core network equipment.
  • the core network equipment includes, for example, an access and mobility management function (access and mobility management function, AMF) or a user plane function (user plane function, UPF).
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • UPF user plane function
  • the network device may also be a device carrying the function of the network device in a device to device (Device to Device, D2D) communication, a machine to machine (Machine to Machine, M2M) communication, an Internet of Vehicles, or a satellite communication system.
  • D2D Device to Device
  • M2M Machine to Machine
  • Pixel Antenna Selecting different paths through the switching of the pixel layer (metal radiation patch) can realize the reconfigurability (frequency, polarization, pattern) of a single antenna.
  • the pixel antenna includes multiple metal radiation SMD, multiple switches, a feed source, when the pixel antenna works at high frequency, only need to connect the feed source to a small part of the metal radiation patch, other metal radiation patches stop working, can not get rid of the low aperture area utilization problems, resulting in waste of resources.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna array, and the antenna array is as follows.
  • the antenna arrays in the embodiments of the present application can be applied in outdoor macro stations and indoor small stations. Due to the continuous increase of wireless communication frequency bands, more and more frequency bands need to be integrated in a system, and the antenna, as a conversion device between electromagnetic waves and guided waves, is one of the indispensable key components in wireless communication systems. Therefore, this requires antennas to cover more and more frequency bands accordingly.
  • miniaturization is a challenge that must be faced in future development. Whether it is an outdoor macro station or an indoor small station, antennas are required to be miniaturized, lightweight, and low in power consumption. This is not only for energy saving, but also for later maintenance and more sustainable development.
  • the antenna array includes a plurality of radiating elements and a plurality of switches, each radiating element is provided with an independent feed source, and the independent feed source It is used to provide excitation to the radiating unit; multiple radiating units are connected through multiple switches, and different on-off modes of multiple switches correspond to different combinations of radiating units, and different combinations of radiating units correspond to different working frequency bands.
  • the switch can be a PIN tube or MEMS switch, etc.
  • the embodiment of this application takes a PIN tube as an example.
  • the radiation unit is a metal patch with an independent feed source.
  • the substrate carrying the radiation unit can be Rogers RO4003 with a thickness of 0.8mm.
  • the dielectric constant is 3.55, and the size of the radiation unit is 4.4mm*4.4mm.
  • the simulation result of a single radiating unit is shown in Fig. 3, the fundamental frequency resonance point f0 of the antenna is 15.15 GHz, and the pattern is side-firing (forward radiation).
  • the radiation unit works at a high frequency of 15.15GHz, and the physical size of the radiation unit is small, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the array when forming an array.
  • the above-mentioned radiation units are formed into an 8*8 array (the 8*8 array is an exemplary array), the radiation units are connected by PIN tubes, and each radiation unit has an independent feed source.
  • the working mode of the array is: 1) The switch is turned on. The patch unit is electrically connected, which is equivalent to a large-scale patch unit. At this time, the electrical size of the radiation unit is comparable to that of the low-frequency wavelength, and it can work in the low-frequency band. 2) The switch is cut off. There is no connection between the units, and the radiation unit has a small electrical size and can work in the high frequency band. 3) Select the corresponding amplitude and phase for the feed source of each unit to realize reconfigurable functions such as frequency, polarization, and pattern.
  • the combination of radiation units may be a combination of 16 2*2 arrays in an 8*8 array, or a combination of 4 4*4 arrays in an 8*8 array, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the working structure of the 8*8 array is shown in Figure 4, and the wiring of the PIN tube on-off control circuit is performed on the lower layer of the array.
  • Field Programmable Gate Array Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA
  • other control units/devices control the on-off of the PIN tube through the change of the DC bias voltage.
  • a radio frequency choke coil is used in order to protect the circuit from being burned out.
  • the LED indicator is used to observe whether the circuit is conducting. As shown in Table 1, when the DC bias voltage is 1.33-1.45V, the PIN tube is on; when the DC bias voltage is less than 1.33V, the PIN tube is cut off.
  • the working frequency bands of the corresponding antenna arrays are different.
  • the PIN tube tuning diagram is shown in Figure 7.
  • the PIN tubes in the 4th column and the 4th row are placed in the cut-off state, and the rest of the PIN tubes are turned on, that is, the entire 8*8 antenna array is regarded as one
  • the simplified and equivalent 2*2 antenna array is shown as the dotted circle in Figure 7.
  • All the PIN tubes in the sub-array are turned on, and the independent feed source of one of the radiating elements in each 4*4 sub-array is excited, and the frequency sweep is set (setup1: sweep) selects dB(3,3), dB(7,7), dB(17,17) and dB(21,21) for the reflection coefficient
  • the entire 8*8 array works at 3-3.4GHz, and the pattern is side-firing, that is, forward radiation. That is to say, a single radiating unit working at 15.15GHz can work in the 3-3.4GHz frequency range by controlling the on-off of the PIN tube between the radiating units.
  • the performance of the simplified equivalent 2*2 array and the radiation unit is compared to explore the influence of the coupling between 4*4 sub-arrays on the performance of the antenna.
  • of the 4*4 sub-array and the equivalent 2*2 array are compared, and it is found that the resonant frequency of the 4*4 sub-array and the equivalent 2*2 array are consistent.
  • the 4*4 sub-array is a patch antenna, it can only resonate in a specific mode (fundamental mode TM01), even if the array element spacing is narrow in the array, it will not affect the resonant operating frequency of the array.
  • the PIN tube tuning diagram is shown in Figure 10.
  • the PIN tubes Put the PIN tubes in the 2nd, 4th, and 6th rows of the 2nd, 4th, and 6th rows in the cut-off state, and the other PIN tubes are turned on.
  • the entire 8* The 8-array is divided into 16 2*2 sub-arrays, which can be regarded as a simplified equivalent 4*4 array, as shown by the dotted circle in Figure 10, and an independent feed source in the 2*2 sub-array is excited, and the simulation results are shown in Figure 11
  • the antenna works at 6.1-6.9GHz, and the pattern can maintain good forward radiation.
  • a single radiating unit working at 15.15GHz can be tuned by PIN tubes to achieve a working frequency band of 6.1-6.9GHz by forming an array.
  • the performance of the antenna under the on-off configuration of the PIN tube is compared with that of the radiation unit, as shown in Figure 12. It is found that the operating frequency of the 2*2 sub-array is consistent with that of the equivalent 4*4 array, and the pattern can maintain forward radiation. It is further verified that the antenna array can only resonate in a specific mode. Even in the case of a narrow array element spacing, the coupling between 2*2 sub-arrays does not affect the operating frequency of the array resonance.
  • the PIN tube tuning schematic diagram is shown in Figure 13
  • all the PIN tubes between all radiating elements are cut off, that is, the entire 8*8 antenna array can be regarded as a metasurface antenna.
  • the simulation results are shown in Figure 14.
  • An 8*8 array is composed of a single antenna unit working at 15.15GHz. When all the PIN tubes between the units are cut off, it can work at 10-10.5GHz.
  • the combination of each radiation unit may also include small arrays of different specifications at the same time, which is not limited in the present application.
  • the antenna can work in different frequency bands under different combinations, so as to achieve the effect of flexible configuration of the working frequency band. And under the combination, whether the whole 8*8 array is equivalently divided into 2*2 array or 4*4 array, the resonant frequency of the radiation unit and the resonant frequency of the array are the same, and the pattern can maintain the forward radiation. Even in the case of a narrow array element spacing, the antenna array can only resonate in a specific mode, and the coupling between the radiating elements will not affect the operating frequency of the array resonance. Moreover, all the radiating units can be used to solve the problem of the traditional reconfigurable antenna array composed of reconfigurable antenna units. The low-frequency size is large, which leads to the problem of extremely low high-frequency working aperture utilization. At the same time, it can be applied to multiple scenarios, significantly The aperture efficiency of the antenna is greatly improved, and there will be no waste of resources when working at high frequencies.
  • the antenna array in this embodiment of the present application may also be an n*n large array composed of 8*8 arrays as sub-arrays.
  • the working frequency band of the antenna array is a single frequency band
  • the single frequency band is an enhanced single-frequency band, as shown in Figure 15, the PIN tube in the 8*8 sub-array
  • the on-off situation of the above work is consistent in the 3.3-3.8GHz frequency band, that is, the PIN tubes in the fourth column and the fourth row are placed in the cut-off state, and the rest of the PIN tubes are turned on.
  • each 8*8 sub-array works in the 3.3-3.8GHz frequency band.
  • the energy of the vibrator in the same frequency band is superimposed, and the gain of the antenna in this frequency band will be much higher than that of a single antenna working in this frequency band. Therefore, if the units working in a single frequency band are formed into an array, the gain of this frequency band will be enhanced, and the signals of other frequency bands will be suppressed.
  • the working frequency band of the antenna array is a wide frequency band, and the wide frequency band is an ultra-wide frequency band.
  • the schematic diagram of PIN tube tuning in the 8*8 sub-array is shown in Figure 16. All the PIN tubes between all the patch units in the upper left 8*8 sub-array are turned on. At this time, the entire 8*8 antenna array works at 1.8GHz.
  • the 8*8 sub-array on the lower left it is further divided into 2*2 antenna arrays, and the PIN tube in the sub-arrays in the 2*2 array is turned on.
  • the entire 8*8 antenna array works at 3.3-3.8GHz ;
  • the upper right 8*8 sub-array is divided into 4*4 arrays as shown in the dotted circle in the figure, and the PIN tube between the units in the dotted circle is turned on.
  • the entire 8*8 antenna array works at 6.4-7.1GHz; the lower right 8 All the PIN tubes in the *8 sub-array are in cut-off state, and the whole 8*8 antenna array works at 10-10.5GHz.
  • the four 8*8 sub-arrays work in the f1/f2/f3/f4 frequency bands respectively, and the entire 2*2 large array can realize a multi-frequency integrated antenna array (ultra-wideband antenna array) covering multiple frequency bands, as shown in the figure 16.
  • the working frequency band of the 8*8 sub-array can be realized according to different combinations of PIN tubes, so the 2*2 array can realize any combination of frequency bands.
  • any 8*8 sub-array in the 2*2 large array can work in any frequency band of f1/f2/f3/f4 according to the above PIN tube configuration.
  • the required frequency band is 6.4-7.1GHz
  • the control divides it into a 4*4 array to make it work at f3, so that it can cover the entire 1-8-7.1GHz.
  • the required working frequency bands are different, and the working frequency band can be controlled by changing the on-off of the PIN tube in the sub-array to meet the required frequency band.
  • the working frequency band can be controlled by changing the on-off of the PIN tube in the sub-array to meet the required frequency band.
  • each sub-array can work in the same working frequency band or in different working frequency bands.
  • each sub-array works in the same frequency band, so the entire large array can realize the work in this frequency band, so the working performance of this frequency band is improved, and at the same time, signals in other frequency bands will be is suppressed (with similar out-of-band filter rejection).
  • the 2*2 large array composed of sub-arrays working in different frequency bands can cover all the frequency bands in which the sub-arrays work, so realizing one array covering multiple working frequency bands can realize the working performance of an ultra-wideband antenna array , and the working frequency band can be adjusted according to the demand, so as to realize the flexible configuration of the working frequency band.
  • the present application only realizes the effect of improving the performance of the antenna in a specific frequency band and increasing the gain by tuning the on-off of the PIN tube in the sub-array, and at the same time can suppress signals in other frequency bands.
  • the complexity of the antenna design is greatly simplified, and at the same time, the energy enhancement of a specific frequency band can be achieved without the use of other structures, and the signals of other frequency bands can be suppressed, which is a great improvement for the miniaturization of the antenna. place.
  • one antenna array can cover multiple working frequency bands.
  • the size of the antenna is greatly reduced, avoiding the The disadvantage of requiring a very large antenna size when working at low frequencies, on the other hand, significantly improves the aperture efficiency of the antenna, and there will be no waste of resources when working at high frequencies.
  • each radiating element has its own independent feed source, and the different feeding amplitudes of multiple independent feed sources in the antenna array correspond to different working frequency bands of the antenna array
  • the connection of the radiating units can be random connection, for example as shown in FIG. 17 , the number and position of different radiating units in an array have different radiation characteristics, which is applicable to many different scenarios.
  • reasonable amplitude and phase selection of the feed source of the radiating unit can realize multiple functions such as reconfigurable frequency, pattern, and polarization. By selecting different numbers and different positions of antenna sub-units for excitation, different radiation apertures are formed.
  • the feed amplitudes of the units in the dotted box in the figure are respectively controlled to make them work at f1 and f2 frequencies respectively to realize the frequency reconfigurable function.
  • frequencies f1 and f2 may also be in the same 3*3 array, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • all radiations may be randomly combined for electrical connection, so as to form an antenna with a larger electrical length and obtain a wider reconfigurable frequency range.
  • different phases of multiple independent feed sources in the antenna array correspond to different beam directions of the antenna array.
  • different phases are assigned to the radiating units, so that there is a certain phase difference between the radiating units, so that different beam directions can be realized when the pattern of the entire antenna array is synthesized.
  • different beam directions can be obtained by randomly configuring the phase distribution.
  • the feeding phases of each radiating element are ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 9 respectively, and then the phases of feeding the radiating elements are changed from ⁇ 1' to ⁇ 9', wherein the feeding phase is given by a phase shifter, and the front and rear feeding phases There is a phase difference between the phases, so that the direction of the radiation pattern beams of the two will change, so that the pattern can be reconfigured.
  • the radiation direction may also be an arc, etc., which is not limited in the present application.
  • different positions of independent feed sources providing excitation in the antenna array correspond to different polarization modes of the antenna array.
  • the radiating elements connected together depending on the location of the excited radiating elements, it can lead to different feeding positions of the antenna array, such as horizontal or vertical polarization, that is, to realize the current distribution along the arrow, so as to realize the polarization reproducibility structure.
  • the polarization mode of the antenna at the feeding position shown in the left sub-figure is "vertical polarization”
  • the polarization mode of the antenna at the feeding position shown in the right sub-figure is “horizontal polarization”. Therefore, by Controlling the amplitude of the unit enables polarization reconfigurability.
  • the polarization manner of the antenna may also be "circular polarization” or “elliptical polarization”, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna array is divided into sub-arrays operating at different frequencies by the PIN tubes between the radiating elements.
  • the radiating elements are not excited, and similarly, all the radiating elements corresponding to the f2 sub-array are excited, and the rest of the radiating elements are not excited. That is to say, arrays with different operating frequencies can be divided through PIN tube tuning, and the switching of operating frequencies can be realized by selecting the corresponding feeding amplitude of the radiating elements in the array.
  • different radiation modes can be configured through PIN tube tuning, and the selection of the feeding phase of the radiation unit can realize the adjustment of the beam pointing of the array pattern, thereby realizing the switching of the array pattern.
  • the combination mode of the PIN tube switch can determine the radiating unit, and the selection of the feeding amplitude of the unit can realize the transformation of the feeding position of the array, thereby realizing the reconstruction of the polarization mode of the array.
  • the working frequency band of the antenna array can also be adjusted through the relative positions of the independent feed source and the radiation unit. Specifically, if the switches are all in the off state, all the PIN tubes can be disconnected or not connected to the PIN tube. Using the different positions of different radiating units in the entire antenna array leads to different operating frequencies, the independent feed source and the radiating unit in the radiating unit can be adjusted. The relative position of the unit can adjust the working frequency band of the antenna array accordingly. Taking the 4*4 patch antenna array as an example, the relative positions of the independent feed sources in the radiating elements can be arranged symmetrically based on the rotation of the center point of the array, or based on the diagonal arrangement of the array or other arrangements.
  • the embodiment of the application does not limit this.
  • the embodiment of the application takes the symmetrical arrangement based on the center of the array as an example.
  • the 16 ports of the array can form three working modes that are rotationally symmetrical about the center point.
  • the excitation P2, P3, P5, P8, P9, P12, P14, P15 are working mode 1; excitation P6, P7, P10, P11 is working mode 2; stimulating P1, P4, P13, P16 is working mode 3, and then stimulate the corresponding radiation unit
  • Different working modes correspond to different working frequency bands, as shown in Figure 22, the schematic diagram of the relationship between the frequency of different working modes and the reflection coefficient
  • the working frequency band of the antenna array can be adjusted not only through the relative positions of the independent feed source and the radiation unit, but also in combination with the amplitude and phase selection in the antenna array.
  • the working frequency band of the antenna array can be adjusted accordingly to achieve different working modes, and then the unit feed amplitude of each independent feed source can be configured to excite different The working mode enables the antenna to work in different frequency bands.
  • the feed phase of each independent feed unit is controlled to realize the positive radiation of the antenna in the working frequency band (for example, the direction of the positive radiation of the antenna on the wall is outward).
  • the 4*4 array composed of independent feed sources is taken as an example, and the feeding positions are arranged in a rotationally symmetrical manner at the center point, and the feeding amplitude of the antenna unit is configured according to the position in the entire array. , so as to excite different modes of the antenna, and the gain of the antenna in a specific frequency band can achieve an enhanced effect.
  • the antenna can be radiated forward in the working frequency range. That is to say, by applying a non-zero amplitude and phase distribution to the corresponding feed port, the desired effect of gain enhancement in a specific frequency band (ie, frequency selectivity of the reflection coefficient) can be obtained.
  • the unit feeding amplitude of each independent feed source is configured to excite different working modes, so as to realize the switching of the working frequency band of the antenna.
  • the embodiment of the present application can keep the size of the antenna unchanged while realizing the switching of the working frequency of the antenna, and the frequency range that can be covered is relatively wide; on the other hand, it can also maximize the aperture utilization and make reasonable use resource.
  • the shape of the radiating unit in the embodiment of the present application includes: one or more of circle, ellipse, polygon, groove and irregular figure.
  • the styles of the radiation elements include patches of rectangles, circles, ellipses, hexagons, octagons, decagons, crosses, grooves, and irregular graphics.
  • the style of the patch is not limited to those listed in the figure. Different styles of patches have different radiation characteristics. When forming an array, you can choose different forms of patches according to different application scenarios. A front can consist of a single pattern of patches, or two or more different patches. The various choices of patch styles and the flexibility of combining different styles of patches increase the design freedom of this solution and expand the application scenarios of this solution.
  • the embodiment of the present application can also be applied to other arrays, such as tight-coupled arrays, etc., by rationally configuring the feed amplitude and phase of the antenna unit, it can achieve good frequency selection in single-frequency, dual-frequency or even wide-band, and can control its beam shape.
  • FIG. 25 it is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device includes an antenna array, and the antenna array can be as shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 15. Any one of the antenna arrays in FIG. 16, FIG. 18, FIG. 19, and FIG. 20.

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种天线阵列以及通信装置，用于提高天线的口径效率。本申请实施例包括：对各自有独立馈源的多个辐射单元间加载的开关进行通断控制构成天线阵列，一种开关的通断方式构成天线阵列中辐射单元的一种组合，多个开关的不同的通断方式对应不同的辐射单元的组合，每种辐射单元的组合实现一种工作频段。

Description

一种天线阵列以及通信装置
本申请要求与2021年7月30日提交中国国家知识产权局，申请号为202110872540.9，发明名称为“一种天线阵列以及通信装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及天线领域，尤其涉及一种天线阵列以及通信装置。
背景技术
随着移动通信的高容量、多通道和高吞吐量的发展，带来了天线的集成度不断提高，造成了天线阵面的振子排布日益拥挤；尤其在多频段共存的情况下，不同频段的天线单元排布面临两方面的巨大挑战。
通常，在同一天线系统中，通过不同尺寸的振子实现不同频段工作。低频段采用大尺寸振子，高频段采用小尺寸振子，采用一个馈源与多个振子通断关系实现工作频段的转换。
但是，当该天线系统工作在高频时，只需要将该馈源连接小部分金属辐射贴片，其他金属辐射贴片停止工作，无法摆脱口径面积利用率低下的问题，造成资源浪费。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种天线阵列以及通信装置，用于提高天线的口径效率。
本申请实施例第一方面提供了一种天线阵列，包括：多个辐射单元和多个开关，每个辐射单元上设有一个独立馈源，独立馈源用于给辐射单元提供激励；多个辐射单元通过多个开关连接，多个开关的不同的通断方式对应不同的辐射单元的组合，不同的辐射单元的组合对应不同的工作频段。
上述第一方面中，对各自有独立馈源的多个辐射单元间加载的开关进行通断控制构成天线阵列，一种开关的通断方式构成天线阵列中辐射单元的一种组合，多个开关的不同的通断方式对应不同的辐射单元的组合，每种辐射单元的组合实现一种工作频段，每个辐射单元都有独立馈源，即辐射单元的组合中各个辐射单元都参与辐射，既可以提高工作频段增益，也可以提高天线的口径效率。
在一种可能的实施方式中，天线阵列包括多个子阵；当子阵的工作频段相同时，天线阵列的工作频段为单频带；当子阵的工作频段不同时，天线阵列的工作频段为宽频带。
上述可能的实施方式中，通过开关的通断方式将天线阵列的多个子阵工作在相同的工作频段，可以实现工作在增强型单频带，可以不借助其他结构就能够实现特定频段的能量增强，抑制其他频段的信号，减少了天线的复杂度；通过开关的通断方式将天线阵列的多个子阵工作在不同的工作频段，可以实现一个天线阵列覆盖多个工作频段的超宽频带，相较于多个振子叠加的系统或者可重构单元组成的系统，一方面极大地减小了天线的尺寸。
在一种可能的实施方式中，天线阵列中的多个独立馈源不同的馈电幅度对应天线阵列不同的工作频段。
上述可能的实施方式中，天线阵列中不同数量和位置的辐射单元的组合在调整馈电幅度后，形成不同的辐射口径，由于电长度的不同，导致整个天线所工作的频率不同，实现频率可重构。
在一种可能的实施方式中，天线阵列中的多个独立馈源不同的相位对应天线阵列不同的波束指向。
上述可能的实施方式中，将辐射单元分别给予不同的相位，使各个辐射单元之间存在一定的相位差，从而整个天线阵列的方向图合成时能够实现不同波束指向，提高场景使用适应度。
在一种可能的实施方式中，天线阵列中的提供激励的独立馈源的不同的位置对应天线阵列不同的极化方式。
上述可能的实施方式中，对于天线阵列中连接在一起的辐射单元，根据激励的辐射单元位置的不同，可导致天线阵列馈电位置的不同，即电流分布不同，实现极化可重构。
在一种可能的实施方式中，天线阵列中的开关为断开状态，天线阵列的工作频段通过独立馈源与辐射单元的相对位置进行调整。
上述可能的实施方式中，利用不同辐射单元在整个天线阵列中位置的不同导致工作频率不同，可以调整辐射单元中独立馈源与该辐射单元的相对位置，即可相应调整天线阵列的工作频段，提高频率重构的可行性。
在一种可能的实施方式中，天线阵列的工作频段通过独立馈源与辐射单元的相对位置，以及天线阵列中的幅度和相位选择进行调整。
上述可能的实施方式中，调整辐射单元中独立馈源与该辐射单元的相对位置，可相应调整天线阵列的工作频段，实现不同的工作模式，进而可以配置每个独立馈源的单元馈电幅度来激发不同的工作模式，实现天线在不同的频段工作，此外，控制每个独立馈源单元的馈电相位，实现工作频段内天线正向辐射，提高频率重构的可行性。
在一种可能的实施方式中，辐射单元的形状包括：圆形、椭圆形、多边形、挖槽形以及不规则图形中的一项或多项。
本申请实施例第二方面提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置包括上述第一方面和第一方面任一种实施方式的天线阵列。
其中，第二方面的通信装置所带来的技术效果可参见上述第一方面所带来的技术效果，此处不再赘述。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的无线覆盖架构图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的天线阵列一结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的单个辐射单元的仿真结果示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的8*8阵列工作架构；
图5为本申请实施例提供的PIN管全部导通的8*8阵列示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的PIN管全部导通的仿真示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的等效2*2阵列示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的等效2*2阵列仿真示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的4*4子阵和等效2*2阵列的E面、H面和三维方向图以及反射系数|S11|进行对比示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的等效4*4阵列示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的等效4*4阵列仿真示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的2*2阵列与等效4*4阵列的波束方向示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的PIN管全部截止的8*8阵列示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的PIN管全部截止的8*8阵列仿真示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的增强型单频带的天线阵列示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的超宽频带的天线阵列示意图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的不同辐射单元的数量和位置的连接示意图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的频率可重构示意图；
图19为本申请实施例提供的方向图可重构示意图；
图20为本申请实施例提供的极化可重构示意图；
图21为本申请实施例提供的基于阵列中心对称排布的天线阵列示意图；
图22为本申请实施例提供的不同工作模式的频率与反射系数的关系示意图；
图23为本申请实施例提供的基于阵列中心对称排布的天线阵列仿真示意图；
图24为本申请实施例提供的辐射单元的样式示意图；
图25为本申请实施例提供的通信装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供了一种天线阵列以及通信装置，用于提高天线的口径效率。
下面结合附图，对本申请的实施例进行描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。本领域普通技术人员可知，随着技术的发展和新场景的出现，本申请实施例提供的技术方案对于类似的技术问题，同样适用。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的内容以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
在这里专用的词“示例性”意为“用作例子、实施例或说明性”。这里作为“示例性”所说明的任何实施例不必解释为优于或好于其它实施例。
本申请中的表格可以进行拆分和合并，并不局限于此，此处仅仅给出一种示例。
另外，为了更好的说明本申请，在下文的具体实施方式中给出了众多的具体细节。本 领域技术人员应当理解，没有某些具体细节，本申请同样可以实施。在一些实例中，对于本领域技术人员熟知的方法、手段、元件和电路未作详细描述，以便于凸显本申请的主旨。
下面对本申请实施例所使用的关键术语进行解释。
空间复用，是在接收端和发射端使用多副天线，充分利用空间传播中的多径分量，在同一频带上使用多个数据通道(MIMO子信道)发射信号，从而使得容量随着天线数量的增加而线性增加。这种信道容量的增加不需要占用额外的带宽，也不需要消耗额外的发射功率，因此是一种非常有效地提高系统和信道容量的手段。
空间分集，基本原理是通过多个信道(时间、频率或者空间)接收到承载相同信息的多个副本，由于多个信道的传输特性不同，信号多个副本的衰落就不会相同。接收机使用多个副本包含的信息能比较正确的恢复出原发送信号。
大规模多发射多接收(multiple input multiple output，MIMO)，无线频谱资源随着无线通信的发展和无线设备的増加变得越来越稀缺，在有限的频率资源上提髙频谱利用率和能量效率逐渐成为无线通信发展的一个趋势。MIMO技术通过多天线配置带来的多个空间通道传输无线数据流，让空间成为一种可以用于提高性能的资源，能够在有限的带宽下，使得系统的数据传输速率成倍增加；利用多天线实现空分复用，波束赋形和空间分集等功能，可以提高信道的容量，增大信道可靠性，提高无线通信系统的性能。MIMO天线振子结构的几何大小与波长同数量级，因移动通信的基站和终端架构的现实要求，MIMO天线系统的体积、重量和功耗受到较大限制。面向5G的频谱选择很有可能采用毫米波技术，从而使子天线尺寸局限在毫米范围，从几何尺寸和发射功率等方面，大规模MIMO天线系统都已为5G系统提供了技术支撑基础。大规模MIMO将天线数目増加到几十个甚至上百个，能够提供更大的分集增益和复用增益，显著提高信道容量和频谱效率。理论研究和初步性能评估表明，在基站天线数量接近无限大的条件下，信道矢量之间逐渐接近正交，终端的发射功率变得非常小，而噪声和不相关的小区间干扰将趋于消失。在国内外的进一步研究中，大规模MIMO具有成为5G核心技术的潜力。
可重构天线，仍具有传统天线的基本结构，它可以通过加载射频电子器件或使用机械方法等来改变天线辐射体的结构，大幅度地扩展了天线的谐振特性和辐射特性。可重构天线不仅能适应如今无线通讯系统对信道、速率的要求，并且还能在很大程度上降低天线的数量和成本，因此在实际应用中具有非常重要的价值。可重构天线不仅解决了多天线面临的难题，还解决了传统天线对整个通信设备性能的制约。所以，可重构天线是目前天线领域的前沿课题，同时也是未来天线发展的方向。一般来说，可重构天线主要分为频率可重构天线、极化可重构天线以及方向图可重构天线三大类。
频率可重构作为可重构天线的重要一员，越来越引起人们的关注，尤其是对手携无线设备需求日益增长的今天。频率可重构天线可在天线辐射特性基本保持不变的情况下，工作频率可以根据要求，灵活可调。根据目前公开发表的有关频率可重构天线的论文和相关研究报告，实现频率可重构的方法主要有加载射频开关器件(二极管、PIN管等)或微机电系统(micro-electro-mechanical system,MEMS)开关，在导通与断开两种工作状态中切换，从而改变天线结构，实现对谐振频率的移动。Theta表示俯仰角。
请参阅1，如图1所示为本申请实施例提供的无线覆盖架构图，基站的主要功能就是提供无线覆盖，其中，基站又可以被称作网络设备，实现有线通信网络与无线终端之间的无线信号传输。如图1所示，前向信号传输的流程基本如下：1.核心网侧的控制信令、语音呼叫或数据业务信息通过传输网络发送到基站(在2G、3G网络中，信号先传送到基站控制器，再传送到基站)。2.信号在基站侧经过基带和射频处理，然后通过射频馈线送到天线上进行发射。3.终端通过无线信道接收天线所发射的无线电波，然后解调出属于自己的信号。反向信号传输流程与前向流程方向相反，但原理相似。每个基站根据所连接的天线情况，可以包含有一个或多个扇区。基站扇区的覆盖范围可以达到几百到几十千米。不过在用户密集的地区，通常会对覆盖范围进行控制，避免对相邻的基站造成干扰。网络设备的数量可以为一个或多个，终端设备的数量可以为一个或多个，在本申请实施例中对网络设备和终端设备的类型和数量均不做限定。
本申请实施例提供的天线阵列及其的对应的通信装置可以应用于各类通信系统中，例如，卫星通信系统、物联网(internet of things，IoT)、窄带物联网(narrow band internet of things，NB-IoT)系统、全球移动通信系统(global system for mobile communications，GSM)、增强型数据速率GSM演进系统(enhanced data rate for GSM evolution，EDGE)、宽带码分多址系统(wideband code division multiple access，WCDMA)、码分多址2000系统(code division multiple access，CDMA2000)、时分同步码分多址系统(time division-synchronization code division multiple access，TD-SCDMA)，长期演进系统(long term evolution，LTE)、第五代(5G)通信系统，例如5G新无线(new radio，NR)，以及5G移动通信系统的三大应用场景增强型移动带宽(enhanced mobile broadband，eMBB)，超可靠、低时延通信(ultra reliable low latency communications，uRLLC)和海量机器类通信(massive machine type communications，mMTC)，设备到设备(device-to-device，D2D)通信系统、机器到机器(machine to machine，M2M)通信系统、车联网通信系统，或者还可以是其他的或者未来的通信系统，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
其中，终端设备，包括向用户提供语音和/或数据连通性的设备，具体的，包括向用户提供语音的设备，或包括向用户提供数据连通性的设备，或包括向用户提供语音和数据连通性的设备。例如可以包括具有无线连接功能的手持式设备、或连接到无线调制解调器的处理设备。该终端设备可以经无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)与核心网进行通信，与RAN交换语音或数据，或与RAN交互语音和数据。该终端设备可以包括用户设备(user equipment，UE)、无线终端设备、移动终端设备、设备到设备通信(device-to-device，D2D)终端设备、车到一切(vehicle to everything，V2X)终端设备、机器到机器/机器类通信(machine-to-machine/machine-type communications，M2M/MTC)终端设备、物联网(internet of things，IoT)终端设备、轻型终端设备(light UE)、订户单元(subscriber unit)、订户站(subscriber station)，移动站(mobile station)、远程站(remote station)、接入点(access point，AP)、远程终端(remote terminal)、接入终端(access terminal)、用户终端(user terminal)、用户代理(user agent)、或用户装备(user device)等。 例如，可以包括移动电话(或称为“蜂窝”电话)，具有移动终端设备的计算机，便携式、袖珍式、手持式、计算机内置的移动装置等。例如，个人通信业务(personal communication service，PCS)电话、无绳电话、会话发起协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)话机、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、等设备。还包括受限设备，例如功耗较低的设备，或存储能力有限的设备，或计算能力有限的设备等。例如包括条码、射频识别(radio frequency identification，RFID)、传感器、全球定位系统(global positioning system，GPS)、激光扫描器等信息传感设备。
作为示例而非限定，在本申请实施例中，该终端设备还可以是可穿戴设备。可穿戴设备也可以称为穿戴式智能设备或智能穿戴式设备等，是应用穿戴式技术对日常穿戴进行智能化设计、开发出可以穿戴的设备的总称，如眼镜、手套、手表、服饰及鞋等。可穿戴设备即直接穿在身上，或是整合到用户的衣服或配件的一种便携式设备。可穿戴设备不仅仅是一种硬件设备，更是通过软件支持以及数据交互、云端交互来实现强大的功能。广义穿戴式智能设备包括功能全、尺寸大、可不依赖智能手机实现完整或者部分的功能，例如：智能手表或智能眼镜等，以及只专注于某一类应用功能，需要和其它设备如智能手机配合使用，如各类进行体征监测的智能手环、智能头盔、智能首饰等。
而如上介绍的各种终端设备，如果位于车辆上(例如放置在车辆内或安装在车辆内)，都可以认为是车载终端设备，车载终端设备例如也称为车载单元(on-board unit，OBU)。
本申请实施例中，终端设备还可以包括中继(relay)。或者理解为，能够与基站进行数据通信的都可以看作终端设备。
本申请实施例中，用于实现终端设备的功能的装置可以是终端设备，也可以是能够支持终端设备实现该功能的装置，例如芯片系统，该装置可以被安装在终端设备中。本申请实施例中，芯片系统可以由芯片构成，也可以包括芯片和其他分立器件。本申请实施例提供的技术方案中，以用于实现终端的功能的装置是终端设备为例，描述本申请实施例提供的技术方案。
网络设备，例如包括接入网(access network，AN)设备，例如基站(例如，接入点)，可以是指接入网中在空口通过一个或多个小区与无线终端设备通信的设备，或者例如，一种车到一切(vehicle-to-everything，V2X)技术中的网络设备为路侧单元(road side unit，RSU)。基站可用于将收到的空中帧与IP分组进行相互转换，作为终端设备与接入网的其余部分之间的路由器，其中接入网的其余部分可包括IP网络。RSU可以是支持V2X应用的固定基础设施实体，可以与支持V2X应用的其他实体交换消息。网络设备还可协调对空口的属性管理。例如，网络设备可以包括长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)系统或高级长期演进(long term evolution-advanced，LTE-A)中的演进型基站(NodeB或eNB或e-NodeB，evolutional Node B)，或者也可以包括第五代移动通信技术(the 5th generation，5G)NR系统(也简称为NR系统)中的下一代节点B(next generation node B，gNB)或者也可以包括云接入网(cloud radio access network，Cloud RAN)系统中的集中式单元(centralized unit，CU)和分布式单元(distributed unit，DU)，或者可以是未来的通 信系统中承载网络设备功能的装置，本申请实施例并不限定。
网络设备还可以包括核心网设备。核心网设备例如包括访问和移动管理功能(access and mobility management function，AMF)或用户面功能(user plane function，UPF)等。
网络设备还可以是设备到设备(Device to Device，D2D)通信、机器到机器(Machine to Machine，M2M)通信、车联网、或卫星通信系统中承载网络设备功能的装置。
需要说明的是，上述仅列举了部分网元之间通信的方式，其他网元之间也可以通过某些连接方式进行通信，本申请实施例这里不再赘述。
本申请实施例描述的系统架构以及业务场景是为了更加清楚的说明本申请实施例的技术方案，并不构成对于本申请实施例提供的技术方案的限定。本领域普通技术人员可知，随着网络架构的演变和新业务场景的出现，本申请实施例提供的技术方案对于类似的技术问题，同样适用。
目前室外宏基站的5G建设还在火热进行中，但是室内覆盖以及室外深度覆盖的需求都为小基站提出了盲补和吸热两种需求，其实不管是室内的小站还是在室外的宏站，在未来的发展都面临着小型化的挑战，那么就需要对天线设备的尺寸、重量、功耗都要求做到极简和极小。同时，用尽量小的基站满足更多的频段工作需求也是使基站小型化的一个重要措施，因此一个多频多制式共存的可重构基站也是将来基站发展的一大趋势。
当前，像素天线(Pixel Antenna)：通过像素层(金属辐射贴片)的开关切换选择不同路径可实现单天线的可重构(频率、极化、方向图)，该像素天线包括多个金属辐射贴片，多个开关，一个馈源，当该像素天线工作在高频时，只需要将该馈源连接小部分金属辐射贴片，其他金属辐射贴片停止工作，无法摆脱口径面积利用率低下的问题，造成资源浪费。
为解决上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种天线阵列，该天线阵列如下所示。
本申请实施例的天线阵列可以应用在室外宏站和室内小站中。由于无线通信频段的不断增多，越来越多的频段需要集成在一个系统里，而其中天线作为电磁波和导行波的转换装置，是无线通信系统中不可缺少的关键组件之一。因此，这也就相应地要求天线能够覆盖越来越多的频段。对于基站天线而言，小型化是未来发展必须面临的挑战。不管是室外宏站还是室内小站，都要求天线能够做到小型化、轻量化、低功耗，这不仅是对能源的节约，也是为了更有利于后期的维护，能够更持续的发展。
请参阅图2，如图2所示为本申请实施例的天线阵列一结构示意图，该天线阵列包括多个辐射单元和多个开关，每个辐射单元上设有一个独立馈源，独立馈源用于给辐射单元提供激励；多个辐射单元通过多个开关连接，多个开关的不同的通断方式对应不同的辐射单元的组合，不同的辐射单元的组合对应不同的工作频段。
具体的，开关可以是PIN管或MEMS开关等，本申请实施例以PIN管为例，辐射单元是金属贴片，有独立馈源，承载辐射单元的基板可以采用Rogers RO4003，厚度为0.8mm，介电常数为3.55，辐射单元的尺寸为4.4mm*4.4mm。单个辐射单元的仿真结果如图3所示，该天线的基频谐振点f0＝15.15GHz，方向图为边射(正向辐射)。该辐射单元工作于高频15.15GHz，辐射单元物理尺寸小，组阵时有利于阵列小型化。
如图2所示，将上述辐射单元组成一个8*8阵列(其中，8*8阵列为示例性阵列)，辐射单元之间通过PIN管连接，每个辐射单元都有独立馈源。该阵列的工作方式是：1)开关导通。贴片单元电连接，等效于一个大尺寸贴片单元，此时辐射单元电尺寸与低频波长相比拟，此时可工作于低频频段。2)开关截断。单元间无连接，辐射单元电尺寸小，可工作于高频段。3)对每个单元的馈源选择相应的幅度和相位，可实现频率、极化、方向图等可重构功能。辐射单元的组合可以是8*8阵列中分成16个2*2阵列的组合，也可以是8*8阵列中分成4个4*4阵列的组合，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
该8*8阵列工作架构如图4所示，在阵面下层进行PIN管通断控制电路的布线。由现场可编程逻辑门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)等控制单元/器，通过直流偏压大小的改变，来控制PIN管通断，为了保护电路不被烧坏使用了射频扼流圈，LED指示灯用来观察电路是否导通。如表1所示，当直流偏压在1.33-1.45V时，PIN管处于导通状态；当直流偏压小于1.33V时PIN管截止。
表1
PIN管 导通(开) 截止(关)
电压(V) 1.33-1.45 0
对于不同的辐射单元的组合，其对应天线阵列工作频段不同。
对于目标频段1.8GHz，将所有辐射单元之间的PIN管全部导通如图5所示，即整个8*8天线阵列看作一个辐射单元，对其中一个辐射单元的独立馈源进行激励，仿真结果如图6所示。在PIN管全部导通时，8*8阵列工作在f1＝1.72GHz，方向图为边射，即正向辐射。由此，由单个工作在15.15GHz的辐射单元组成的8*8阵列可以工作在1.72GHz。
对于目标频段3.3-3.8GHz，PIN管调谐示意图如图7所示，将第4列和第4行的PIN管置于截止状态，其余PIN管导通，即整个8*8天线阵看作一个简化等效的2*2天线阵列如图7虚线圈所示，子阵内PIN管全部导通，对每个4*4子阵内的其中一个辐射单元的独立馈源进行激励,扫频设置(setup1：sweep)为反射系数|S11|选择dB(3,3)、dB(7,7)、dB(17,17)和dB(21,21)，仿真结果如图8所示。整个8*8的阵列工作在3-3.4GHz，方向图为边射，即正向辐射。也就是说由单个工作在15.15GHz的辐射单元，可以通过控制辐射单元间的PIN管通断实现在3-3.4GHz频段范围工作。
在这种PIN管通断的情况下，对简化等效的2*2阵列与辐射单元的性能进行比对，以探究4*4子阵间耦合对天线性能的影响。如图9分别对4*4子阵和等效2*2阵列的三维方向图以及反射系数|S11|进行对比，发现4*4子阵和等效2*2阵列的谐振频率是一致的，都能保持良好的正向辐射。由于4*4子阵为贴片天线，其只能谐振在特定模式(基模TM01)，在阵列中即使阵元间距较窄，也不会影响阵列谐振工作频率。
对于目标频段6.4-7.1GHz，PIN管调谐示意图如图10所示，将第2、4、6列第2、4、6行的PIN管置于截止状态，其余PIN管导通，整个8*8阵列分成16个2*2子阵可看作一个简化等效4*4阵列如图10中虚线圈所示，对2*2子阵中的一个独立馈源进行激励，仿真结果如图11所示，天线工作在6.1-6.9GHz，方向图能够保持良好正向辐射。由此，单个工作在15.15GHz的辐射单元通过组阵，PIN管调谐可以实现工作频段在6.1-6.9GHz。
同样地，对这种PIN管通断配置下的天线性能与辐射单元进行了对比，如图12所示。发现2*2子阵与等效4*4阵列的工作频率是一致的，方向图都可以保持正向辐射。进一步验证了只能谐振在特定模式的天线阵列，即使在阵元间距较窄的情况下，2*2子阵间的耦合也不影响阵列谐振的工作频率。
对于目标频段10-10.5GHz，PIN管调谐示意图如图13所示，将所有辐射单元之间的PIN管全部截止，即整个8*8天线阵列可看作一个超表面天线。对每个独立馈源进行激励，仿真结果如图14所示，在8*8阵列中PIN管全部截止时，天线工作在f4＝9-13GHz，方向图趋向正向辐射。由单个工作在15.15GHz的天线单元，组成8*8阵列，将单元间的PIN管全部截止时，可以实现工作在10-10.5GHz。
本申请实施例中，每个辐射单元的组合中还可以同时包括不同规格的小阵列，本申请对此不作限定。
通过对有独立馈源的辐射单元间加载的PIN管进行通断控制，在不同的组合下，可以使天线工作在不同的频段，从而达到工作频段可灵活配置的效果。并且在组合下，无论是将整个8*8阵列等效划分成2*2阵列还是4*4阵列，辐射单元的谐振频率和阵列的谐振频率是相同的，方向图都可以保持正向辐射。即使在阵元间距较窄的情况下，只能谐振在特定模式的天线阵列，辐射单元间的耦合不会影响阵列谐振的工作频率。并且，所有的辐射单元都使用得到，解决传统由可重构天线单元组成可重构天线阵列，低频尺寸大，而导致的高频工作孔径利用率极低的问题，同时实现多场景适用，显著地提高了天线的口径效率，对高频工作时不会存在资源的浪费。
本申请实施例的天线阵列还可以是将8*8阵列作为子阵，组成的一个n*n大阵列。以2*2大阵列为例，当子阵的工作频段相同时，天线阵列的工作频段为单频带，该单频带为增强型单频带，如图15所示，8*8子阵中PIN管的通断情况上述工作在3.3-3.8GHz频段内一致，即将第四列和第四行的PIN管置于截止状态，其余PIN管导通，整个8*8子阵看作一个简化等效的2*2天线阵如图中虚线圈所示。如图15所示，在2*2大阵列中，每一个8*8子阵都工作在3.3-3.8GHz频段内，此时该2*2大阵列也工作在3.3-3.8GHz，四个工作在相同频段的振子的能量相叠加，在此频段内天线的增益会比单个工作在这个频段的天线要高得多。因此，将工作在单频带的单元组成阵列，该频带的增益将得到增强，那么其它频段的信号将被抑制。
进一步的，当子阵的工作频段不同时，天线阵列的工作频段为宽频带，该宽频带为超宽频带，上述2*2大阵中对8*8子阵列单元间PIN管的通断进行控制，能够实现8*8子阵分别在f1＝1.8GHz，f2＝3.3-3.8GHz，f3＝6.4-7.1GHz，f4＝10-10.5GHz不同的频段范围内工作，由此2*2大阵便可以覆盖以上四个频段。8*8子阵中PIN管调谐示意图如图16所示，将左上8*8子阵中所有贴片单元之间的PIN管全部导通，此时整个8*8天线阵工作在1.8GHz，如左下8*8子阵中虚线圈所示进一步划分成2*2天线阵，将2*2阵列中子阵内的PIN管导通，此时整个8*8天线阵工作在3.3-3.8GHz；右上8*8子阵如图虚线圈所示划分成4*4阵列，将虚线圈中单元间PIN管导通，此时整个8*8天线阵工作在6.4-7.1GHz； 将右下8*8子阵中所有PIN管都置于截止状态，此时整个8*8天线阵工作在10-10.5GHz。由此，四个8*8子阵分别工作在f1/f2/f3/f4频段，整个2*2大阵能够实现涵盖多个频段的多频合一天线阵(超宽带天线阵)，如图16所示。此外，8*8子阵的工作频段可根据不同的PIN管组合实现，那么2*2阵列便可以实现任意频段组合。同样地，在2*2大阵列中的任何一个8*8子阵都可以按照上述PIN管配置方式可工作在f1/f2/f3/f4任一频段。若所需频段为6.4-7.1GHz，只需控制每一个8*8阵列内PIN管状态使其划分成如图4*4阵列即可；若所需频段为1.8-7.1GHz，则将一个8*8阵列中所有PIN管都导通使其工作在f1，一个如图控制PIN管状态使其划分成如图2*2阵列使其工作在f2，还需将一个8*8阵列中PIN管控制将其划分成4*4阵列使其工作在f3，如此便可以覆盖整个1-8-7.1GHz。类似地，所需的工作频段不同，可以通过改变子阵中PIN管通断来控制其工作频段以满足所需的频段。综上所述，通过合理控制PIN管通断，可以按场景所需将任意频段组合，极大提高部署灵活性。
以8*8子阵组成的2*2大阵列作为天线阵列为例，通过对子阵中PIN管进行调谐，使得每一个子阵可以工作在相同的工作频段或者不同的工作频段。一方面，对于2*2大阵列来说，每一个子阵都工作在同一个频段，由此整个大阵能够实现该频段的工作，由此该频段的工作性能得到改善，同时其它频段信号将被抑制(具有类似的带外滤波抑制功能)。另一方面，由工作在不同频段的子阵组成的2*2大阵，能够覆盖子阵工作的所有频段，因此实现一个阵列覆盖多个工作频段，既可以实现一个超宽带天线阵的工作性能，又可以按照需求调控工作频段，实现工作频段的灵活配置。
并且，本申请仅通过调谐子阵中PIN管通断来实现特定频段内天线性能改善，增益提升的效果，同时能够抑制其他频段的信号。相较于现有的天线设计，天线设计的复杂度很大程度上得到简化，同时不借助其他结构就能够实现特定频段的能量增强，抑制其他频段的信号，对天线小型化是一大改进之处。此外，仅通过PIN管调谐，能够实现一个天线阵列覆盖多个工作频段，相较于多个振子叠加的系统或者可重构单元组成的系统，一方面极大地减小了天线的尺寸，避免了低频工作时需要非常大的天线尺寸这一缺点，另一方面，显著地提高了天线的口径效率，对高频工作时不会存在资源的浪费。
本申请实施例中，以辐射单元组成的3*3阵列为例，每个辐射单元都有各自独立馈源，天线阵列中的多个独立馈源不同的馈电幅度对应天线阵列不同的工作频段，辐射单元的连接可以是随机连接，例如图17所示，一个阵列中不同辐射单元的数量和位置具有不同的辐射特性，适用于多种不同的场景。进一步，在不同开关连接情况下，对辐射单元的馈源进行合理的幅相选择，能够实现频率、方向图、极化可重构等多功能。通过选中不同数量和不同位置的天线子单元进行激励，形成不同的辐射口径，由于电长度的不同，导致整个天线所工作的频率不同，实现频率可重构。如图18所示，分别控制图中虚线框内单元的馈电幅度，使它们分别工作在f1和f2频率处，实现频率可重构功能。具体的，f1和f2频率也可以处于同一个3*3阵列中，本申请实施例对此不作限定。本申请实施例也可以随机组合所有辐射进行电连接，以形成具有更大电长度的天线从而获得更宽的可重构频率范围。
可选的，天线阵列中的多个独立馈源不同的相位对应天线阵列不同的波束指向。本申请实施例将辐射单元分别给予不同的相位，使各个辐射单元之间存在一定的相位差，从而整个天线阵列的方向图合成时能够实现不同波束指向。该情形可以通过随机配置相位分布获得不同的波束指向。如图19所示，每个辐射单元的馈电相位分别是φ1至φ9随后使辐射单元馈电的相位变为φ1’至φ9’，其中，馈电相位由移相器赋予，前后馈电的相位之间存在相位差，由此两者的辐射方向图波束的指向会发生变化，因此可实现方向图可重构。具体的，辐射方向还可以是弧线等，本申请对此不作限定。
可选的，天线阵列中的提供激励的独立馈源的不同的位置对应天线阵列不同的极化方式。对于连接在一起的辐射单元，根据激励的辐射单元位置的不同，可导致天线阵列馈电位置的不同，如水平或垂直极化，即实现沿箭头所示的电流分布，从而实现极化可重构。如图20所示，如左边子图的馈电位置天线的极化方式是“垂直极化”，右边子图所示馈电位置时天线的极化方式是“水平极化”，因此，通过控制单元的幅度可以实现极化可重构。具体的，天线的极化方式还可以是“圆极化”或“椭圆极化”等，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
本申请实施例在不同的PIN管模式组合下，可以通过合理地配置辐射单元馈电的幅度和相位，从而实现频率、极化、方向图可重构等功能。首先，由辐射单元间的PIN管通断将天线阵面等效划分成工作在不同频率下的子阵，当谐振频率在f1的子阵工作时，该子阵的辐射单元全部激励，而其他辐射单元则不激励，同样地，对应工作在f2子阵将其所有辐射单元激励，其余辐射单元不激励。也就是说，通过PIN管调谐可划分不同工作频率的阵列，选择阵列中辐射单元的对应馈电幅度能够实现工作频率的切换。其次，通过PIN管调谐可配置不同的辐射方式，对辐射单元馈电相位的选择可实现阵列方向图波束指向的调控，从而实现阵列方向图的切换。最后，PIN管开关的组合模式可决定辐射单元，对其单元馈电幅度的选择，可实现阵列馈电位置的变换，从而实现阵列极化方式的重构。
可选的，当天线阵列中的开关都为断开状态时，天线阵列的工作频段还可以是通过独立馈源与辐射单元的相对位置进行调整。具体的，开关都为断开状态可以是所有PIN管断开或者不接PIN管，利用不同辐射单元在整个天线阵列中位置的不同导致工作频率不同，可以调整辐射单元中独立馈源与该辐射单元的相对位置，即可相应调整天线阵列的工作频段。以4*4的贴片天线阵为例，独立馈源在辐射单元的相对位置可以是基于阵列中心点旋转对称排布的，也可以是基于阵列对角线排布或其他排布方式，本申请实施例对此不作限定，本申请实施例以基于阵列中心对称排布的为例，阵列的16个端口可以形成3种关于中心点旋转对称的工作模式，如图21所示，激励P2，P3，P5，P8，P9，P12，P14，P15为工作模式1；激励P6，P7，P10，P11为工作模式2；激励P1，P4，P13，P16为工作模式3，再激励相应的辐射单元时可以形成相应的工作模式，不同工作模式对应不同的工作频段，如图22所示的不同工作模式的频率与反射系数|S11|的关系示意图，其中，粗实线表示工作模式1的关系示意图，细实线表示工作模式2的关系示意图，虚线表示工作模式3的关系示意图。
可选的，天线阵列的工作频段除了通过独立馈源与辐射单元的相对位置进行调整，还可以结合天线阵列中的幅度和相位选择进行调整。具体的，调整辐射单元中独立馈源与该辐射单元的相对位置，可相应调整天线阵列的工作频段，实现不同的工作模式，进而可以配置每个独立馈源的单元馈电幅度来激发不同的工作模式，实现天线在不同的频段工作，此外，控制每个独立馈源单元的馈电相位，实现工作频段内天线正向辐射(例如墙上的天线的正向辐射的方向为向外)。在对应的辐射单元的独立馈源施加不为0的幅相分布能够获得所需要的特定频段的增益增强的效果(即反射系数的频率选择性)。当工作在模式1时对应辐射单元的幅度和相位分布如表2所示，辐射单元3，9，12，15的相位设置成180度(deg)，其他辐射单元均设置成0deg，此时天线工作在模式1，在此工作频段内天线能够实现良好的正向辐射，仿真图如图23。
表2
辐射单元 幅度(W) 相位(deg) 辐射单元 幅度(W) 相位(deg)
P1 0 0 P9 1 180
P2 1 0 P10 0 0
P3 1 180 P11 0 0
P4 0 0 P12 1 180
P5 1 0 P13 0 0
P6 0 0 P14 1 0
P7 0 0 P15 1 180
P8 1 0 P16 0 0
本申请实施例以独立馈源组成的4*4阵列为例，以中心点旋转对称的方式排布其馈电位置，根据在整个阵列中所处的位置的不同进行配置天线单元馈电的幅度，从而激发天线的不同模式，在特定的频段内天线的增益能够达到增强的效果，进一步通过选择馈电的相位，可以使天线在工作频段范围内朝正向辐射。也就是说，通过在对应的馈电端口施加不为0的幅度和相位分布能够获得所需要的特定频段的增益增强的效果(即反射系数的频率选择性)。由此可知，在更大规模的阵列中选择部分阵元开关断开，部分阵元开关导通，对辐射单元施加不为0的馈电幅度和相位分布将会有更丰富更灵活的重构能力。
利用在阵列中不同位置单元的工作模式不同，配置每个独立馈源的单元馈电幅度来激发不同的工作模式，实现天线工作频段的切换。一方面，本申请实施例在实现天线工作频率切换的同时能够保持天线尺寸不变，并且能够覆盖的频率范围相对来说是比较宽的；另一方面，也能够最大化口径利用率，合理利用资源。
可选的，本申请实施例的辐射单元的形状包括：圆形、椭圆形、多边形、挖槽形以及不规则图形中的一项或多项。根据不同点的应用场景选择不同的辐射单元形状。如图24所示，辐射单元的样式有矩形、圆形、椭圆形、六边形、八边形、十边形、十字形、挖槽形以及不规则图形等等的贴片，不规则图形图中未示出，贴片的样式不仅限于图中列举。不同样式的贴片具有不同的辐射特性，在组阵时，可以根据不同的应用场景选择不同形式的 贴片。阵面可由单一样式的贴片组成，也可由两种或多种不同的贴片组成。贴片样式的多样选择，以及不同样式贴片组合的灵活性，增大了本方案的设计自由度，拓展了本方案的应用场景。
本申请实施例还可以应用到其他阵列中，例如紧耦合阵列等，通过合理配置天线单元的馈电幅度和相位，实现单频、双频乃至宽频段内频率选择行良好，并能控制其波束赋形。
请参阅图25，如图25所示为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的结构示意图，该通信装置包括天线阵列，该天线阵列可以是图5、图7、图10、图13、图15、图16、图18、图19、图20的天线阵列中的任一个。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种天线阵列，其特征在于，包括：
    多个辐射单元和多个开关，每个辐射单元上设有一个独立馈源，所述独立馈源用于给所述辐射单元提供激励；
    所述多个辐射单元通过所述多个开关连接，所述多个开关的不同的通断方式对应不同的所述辐射单元的组合，所述不同的所述辐射单元的组合对应不同的工作频段。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线阵列，其特征在于，所述天线阵列包括多个子阵；
    当所述子阵的工作频段相同时，所述天线阵列的工作频段为单频带；
    当所述子阵的工作频段不同时，所述天线阵列的工作频段为宽频带。
  3. 根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的天线阵列，其特征在于，所述天线阵列中的多个独立馈源不同的馈电幅度对应所述天线阵列不同的工作频段。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的天线阵列，其特征在于，所述天线阵列中的多个独立馈源不同的相位对应所述天线阵列不同的波束指向。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的天线阵列，其特征在于，所述天线阵列中的提供激励的独立馈源不同的位置对应所述天线阵列不同的极化方式。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的天线阵列，其特征在于，所述天线阵列中的开关为断开状态，所述天线阵列的工作频段通过所述独立馈源与所述辐射单元的相对位置进行调整。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的天线阵列，其特征在于，所述天线阵列的工作频段通过所述独立馈源与所述辐射单元的相对位置，以及所述天线阵列中的幅度和相位选择进行调整。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的天线阵列，其特征在于，所述辐射单元的形状包括：圆形、椭圆形、多边形、挖槽形以及不规则图形中的一项或多项。
  9. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，所述通信装置包括权利要求1-8中任一项所述的天线阵列。
PCT/CN2022/106623 2021-07-30 2022-07-20 一种天线阵列以及通信装置 WO2023005752A1 (zh)

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CN208385609U (zh) * 2018-08-03 2019-01-15 Oppo（重庆）智能科技有限公司 电子设备
CN112534644A (zh) * 2018-05-18 2021-03-19 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 一种天线
CN213184604U (zh) * 2020-09-28 2021-05-11 中天通信技术有限公司 天线系统
WO2021133388A1 (en) * 2019-12-24 2021-07-01 Intel Corporation Antenna units, radiation and beam shape of antenna units, and methods thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112534644A (zh) * 2018-05-18 2021-03-19 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 一种天线
CN208385609U (zh) * 2018-08-03 2019-01-15 Oppo（重庆）智能科技有限公司 电子设备
WO2021133388A1 (en) * 2019-12-24 2021-07-01 Intel Corporation Antenna units, radiation and beam shape of antenna units, and methods thereof
CN213184604U (zh) * 2020-09-28 2021-05-11 中天通信技术有限公司 天线系统

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