WO2023004997A1 - 一种应用于5g移动通信的毫米波宽带mimo天线 - Google Patents

一种应用于5g移动通信的毫米波宽带mimo天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023004997A1
WO2023004997A1 PCT/CN2021/122955 CN2021122955W WO2023004997A1 WO 2023004997 A1 WO2023004997 A1 WO 2023004997A1 CN 2021122955 W CN2021122955 W CN 2021122955W WO 2023004997 A1 WO2023004997 A1 WO 2023004997A1
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millimeter
wave
metal
antenna
dielectric substrate
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PCT/CN2021/122955
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English (en)
French (fr)
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许志猛
徐铭泽
袁家德
陈志璋
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福州大学
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Publication of WO2023004997A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023004997A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and in particular relates to a millimeter-wave broadband MIMO antenna applied to 5G mobile communication.
  • the era of 5G mobile communication makes the Internet of Everything possible. It is an era of high-speed networks that can not only carry massive access rates of terminals, but also transmit at ultra-high data rates.
  • all communication systems use low-frequency frequency bands, and the spectrum resources of the golden communication frequency band below 6GHz are obviously already very crowded. This will undoubtedly cause a shortage of bandwidth in low-frequency frequency bands, which will limit the demand for future wireless high-speed communication, which is very unfavorable for communication systems. Further development towards the goal envisaged by people.
  • the millimeter wave frequency band has not been fully developed and utilized.
  • the millimeter wave frequency band has very rich spectrum resources and outstanding advantages such as high bandwidth and low latency. These advantages can fully release the full potential of 5G, thereby realizing the revolutionary improvement of consumer service experience and the digital transformation of thousands of industries.
  • 5G has the vision of changing life and society. Therefore, to successfully enter the 5G era, it is urgent to develop millimeter wave technology.
  • the expected antenna geometry should be compact to be a part of mobile terminal equipment. Designing an antenna unit with compact size is a challenge and a promising technology.
  • MIMO antenna design requires a narrow spacing between antenna elements, and there should be low mutual coupling and high isolation between antenna elements to reduce the influence between adjacent antenna elements and improve the performance of the entire antenna. performance.
  • millimeter-wave MIMO antennas In recent years, many researchers have designed millimeter-wave MIMO antennas. Although some antennas can achieve broadband, high gain, high isolation and directional radiation characteristics, they cannot maintain a compact structure and cannot meet the needs of modern wireless communications for terminal equipment. requirements; although some antennas are small in size, they cannot satisfy broadband, high gain, high isolation and directional radiation characteristics at the same time, and cannot be well applied to some current mobile terminal equipment.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a millimeter-wave broadband MIMO antenna applied to 5G mobile communications, which not only has wide frequency band, high gain and good directional radiation characteristics, but also has a compact structure and maintains high isolation.
  • a millimeter-wave broadband MIMO antenna applied to 5G mobile communication including a dielectric substrate and metal patches printed on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate, and metal patches printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate.
  • the patch includes four millimeter-wave antenna units and a decoupling structure.
  • the metal patch printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is a metal ground plane.
  • the four millimeter-wave antenna units are the main part of the MIMO antenna and are respectively arranged around the dielectric substrate.
  • each millimeter-wave antenna unit includes a main radiation patch, a coplanar waveguide microstrip feeder, a metal structure with a circular groove, and two vertical rectangular slots and one horizontal rectangular slot on the metal ground plane, the decoupling structure It includes four planar compact electromagnetic bandgap structures arranged between adjacent millimeter-wave antenna units and an "X"-shaped metal patch arranged in the middle of the dielectric substrate.
  • the dielectric substrate is made of Rogers 5880 high-frequency plate with a thickness of 1.575mm.
  • the upper part of the main radiation patch is a semicircular structure, which is used to increase the current path, thereby reducing the size of the antenna
  • the lower part of the main radiation patch is a tapered structure, so that the current at the feeding point transitions smoothly.
  • the coplanar waveguide microstrip feeder is connected to the lower part of the main radiation patch, and the coplanar waveguide microstrip feeder has a stepped structure to further improve impedance matching.
  • coplanar waveguide microstrip feeder is connected to the inner core of the 2.92mm radio frequency connector, and the four metal pins of the 2.92mm radio frequency connector are connected to the metal structure with a circular groove and the metal ground plane.
  • the metal structure with circular grooves participates in the radiation of the antenna together to generate a new resonance point, thereby expanding the frequency band of the antenna;
  • the metal structure with circular grooves has a left end and a right end of the upper part respectively.
  • Rectangular openings, the middle of the upper part and the middle of the lower part each have a rectangular opening communicating with the circular groove; the three rectangular openings on the upper part of the metal structure with the circular groove are used to improve the directional radiation characteristics of the millimeter wave antenna unit.
  • each planar compact electromagnetic bandgap structure is mainly used to improve the isolation between adjacent millimeter-wave antenna units, and each planar compact electromagnetic bandgap structure has four A rectangular metal patch of a planar electromagnetic bandgap unit, each planar electromagnetic bandgap unit includes a "ten"-shaped slit and four "L"-shaped slits around it; the "X"-shaped metal patch It is mainly used to improve the isolation between diagonal millimeter wave antenna elements.
  • the metal ground plane includes eight vertical rectangular slots, four horizontal rectangular slots and sixteen diamond-shaped slots.
  • two vertical rectangular slots and one horizontal rectangular slot corresponding to the same millimeter-wave antenna unit on the metal ground plane together form a defective ground structure, which is used to increase the bandwidth of the millimeter-wave antenna unit and further improve the millimeter-wave antenna.
  • the directional radiation properties of the element are used to increase the bandwidth of the millimeter-wave antenna unit and further improve the millimeter-wave antenna.
  • diamond-shaped slots are used to further improve the isolation between millimeter wave antenna elements.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the upper part of the main radiation patch is a semicircular structure, which is used to increase the current path, thereby reducing the size of the antenna, and the metal structure with a circular groove jointly participates in the antenna Radiation creates a new resonance point, which expands the frequency band of the antenna, making the antenna cover the 5G N258 (24.25-27.5GHz) millimeter wave frequency band; the three rectangular shapes on the upper part of the metal structure with circular grooves in the millimeter wave antenna unit Two vertical rectangular slits and one horizontal rectangular slit on the opening and the metal ground plane jointly improve the directional radiation characteristics of the millimeter-wave antenna unit; four planar compact electromagnetic bandgap structures, one "X" are set in the millimeter-wave MIMO antenna Type metal patches and sixteen diamond-shaped slots are used to reduce the mutual coupling between millimeter-wave antenna elements to reduce the influence between adjacent antenna elements and improve the performance of the entire antenna.
  • the millimeter-wave MIMO antenna has a compact structure
  • Fig. 1 is the top view of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is the bottom view of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a side view of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the simulation result figure of reflection coefficient
  • Fig. 5 is the simulation result figure of reflection coefficient
  • FIG. 6 is a simulation result diagram of reflection coefficient
  • Fig. 7 is the simulation result figure of reflection coefficient
  • Fig. 10 is a graph of peak gain in the frequency range of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1-coplanar waveguide microstrip feeder 2-main radiation patch; 3-metal structure with circular groove; 4-planar compact electromagnetic bandgap structure; 5-"X"-shaped metal patch; 6 -Vertical rectangular slot; 7-Horizontal rectangular slot; 8-Rhombic slot; 9-Metal ground plane.
  • this embodiment provides a millimeter-wave broadband MIMO antenna applied to 5G mobile communications, including a dielectric substrate and metal patches printed on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate, and metal patches printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate.
  • the patch includes four millimeter-wave antenna units and a decoupling structure.
  • the metal patch printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is a metal ground plane 9, including eight vertical rectangular slots 6, four horizontal rectangular slots 7 and sixteen diamond-shaped slots. Slot 8, the four millimeter-wave antenna units are the main parts of the MIMO antenna, which are respectively arranged around the dielectric substrate.
  • Each millimeter-wave antenna unit includes a main radiation patch 2, a coplanar waveguide microstrip feeder 1, and a circular slot
  • the decoupling structure includes four planar compact electromagnetic band gaps arranged between adjacent millimeter wave antenna elements
  • the structure 4 and the "X"-shaped metal patch 5 arranged in the middle of the dielectric substrate.
  • the dielectric substrate is made of Rogers 5880 high-frequency plate with a size of 32mm*32mm*1.575mm, a dielectric constant of 2.2, and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.0009.
  • the upper part of the main radiation patch 2 is a semicircular structure, which is used to increase the current path, thereby reducing the size of the antenna.
  • the lower part of the main radiation patch 2 is a tapered structure, so that the feeding point The smooth transition of the current to improve the impedance matching of the antenna, the coplanar waveguide microstrip feeder 1 is connected to the lower part of the main radiation patch 2, its total length is 3.6mm, and it is designed as a stepped structure to further improve the impedance match.
  • the coplanar waveguide microstrip feeder 1 is connected to the inner core of a 2.92mm radio frequency connector, and the four metal pins of the 2.92mm radio frequency connector are connected to the metal structure 3 with a circular groove and the metal contact. Ground 9 connection.
  • the metal structure 3 with a circular groove of the millimeter-wave antenna unit participates in the radiation of the antenna together to generate a new resonance point, thereby expanding the frequency band of the antenna;
  • the metal structure 3 with a circular groove , the left end and the right end of the upper part respectively have a rectangular opening, the middle of the upper part and the middle of the lower part each have a rectangular opening connected with the circular groove;
  • the three rectangular openings on the upper part of the metal structure 3 with the circular groove can effectively Suppress irregular currents and prevent unbalanced lateral currents, thereby improving the directional radiation characteristics of the millimeter-wave antenna unit.
  • the four planar compact electromagnetic bandgap structures 4 in the decoupling structure can form a high-impedance surface structure, which can gradually weaken the surface wave current conducted in it, thereby improving the efficiency of the adjacent millimeter wave antenna.
  • Each planar compact electromagnetic bandgap structure 4 is a rectangular metal patch on which four planar electromagnetic bandgap units are arranged along the length direction, and each planar electromagnetic bandgap unit includes a "cross"-shaped gap and four An “L”-shaped gap arranged around it; the "X"-shaped metal patch 5 in the decoupling structure is mainly used to improve the isolation between diagonal millimeter-wave antenna units.
  • two vertical rectangular slits 6 and one horizontal rectangular slit 7 corresponding to the same millimeter-wave antenna unit on the metal ground plane 9 together form a defective ground structure, which is used to change the distribution of current, thereby improving the The bandwidth of the millimeter-wave antenna unit is improved, and the directional radiation characteristics of the millimeter-wave antenna unit are further improved.
  • the diamond-shaped slit 8 has a blocking effect on the floor current, and more current can be radiated through the slit, thereby further improving the isolation between the millimeter-wave antenna units.
  • the gap is designed as a rhombus, and its gradual structure can radiate the floor current conducted to itself to the space within a wider bandwidth.
  • the bandwidth of the millimeter-wave MIMO antenna is 23.30-30.83GHz, and the relative bandwidth reaches 27.82%; as shown in Figure 5, the S21 of the millimeter-wave MIMO antenna is less than -27.70dB in the frequency range, and the minimum is - 52.94dB; as shown in Figure 6, the S31 of the millimeter-wave MIMO antenna is less than -28.68dB in the frequency range, and the minimum is -39.69dB; as shown in Figure 7, the S41 of the millimeter-wave MIMO antenna is less than - 18.30dB, the minimum is -22.29dB; as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, the millimeter-wave MIMO antenna has directional radiation, and the directional radiation characteristics are good; as shown in Figure 10, the peak gain of the millimeter-wave MIMO antenna is within the frequency range Greater than 7.73dBi, the maximum can reach 10.21dBi.
  • the upper part of the main radiation patch is a semicircular structure, which is used to increase the current path, thereby reducing the size of the antenna, and the metal structure with a circular groove participates in the antenna radiation together, creating a new resonance point , thereby expanding the frequency band of the antenna, so that the antenna covers the 5G N258 (24.25-27.5GHz) millimeter wave frequency band.
  • the millimeter-wave MIMO antenna has a working frequency band of 23.30-30.83GHz, a relative bandwidth of 27.82%, a size of 32mm*32mm*1.575mm, and a maximum peak gain of 10.21dBi. It has broadband, miniaturization, high gain and good directional radiation characteristics, and the isolation in the frequency range is greater than 15dB, which is suitable for application in future 5G mobile communication terminal equipment.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种应用于5G移动通信的毫米波宽带MIMO天线，包括介质基板以及印刷在介质基板上下表面的金属贴片，印刷在介质基板上表面的金属贴片包括四个毫米波天线单元和去耦结构，印刷在介质基板下表面的金属贴片为金属接地面，四个毫米波天线单元为MIMO天线的主体部分，分别设置于介质基板四周，每个毫米波天线单元包括主辐射贴片、共面波导微带馈线、带圆形槽的金属结构以及金属接地面上的两个竖直矩形缝隙和一个水平矩形缝隙，去耦结构包括设置于相邻毫米波天线单元之间的四个平面紧凑型电磁带隙结构和设置于介质基板中部的"X"型金属贴片。该天线不仅具有宽频带、高增益和良好的定向辐射特性，而且结构紧凑并保持高隔离度。

Description

一种应用于5G移动通信的毫米波宽带MIMO天线 技术领域
本发明属于无线通信技术领域，具体涉及一种应用于5G移动通信的毫米波宽带MIMO天线。
背景技术
5G移动通信时代让万物互联成为可能，是一个既可以承载终端海量接入率，也能以超高数据率传输的高速网络时代。然而现阶段，各通信系统均采用低频频段，6GHz以下黄金通信频段的频谱资源显然已经十分拥挤，这无疑将造成低频频段的带宽紧缺，使得未来无线高速通信的需求受到限制，非常不利于通信系统朝着人们设想的目标进一步发展。
但是毫米波频段并没有得到充分的开发利用。毫米波频段拥有十分丰富的频谱资源以及高带宽、低时延等突出优势，这些优势能够充分释放5G的全部潜能，从而实现消费者业务体验的革命性提升和千行百业的数字化转型，真正实现5G改变生活、改变社会的愿景，因此，要顺利跨入5G时代，亟需发展毫米波技术。
在5G移动通信中，预期的天线几何形状应该是紧凑的，以方便成为移动终端设备的一部分。设计具有紧凑尺寸的天线单元是一项挑战，也是一项有前途的技术。此外，MIMO天线设计要求天线单元之间具有窄间距的特点，同时天线单元之间应该有较低的互耦和较高的隔离度，以减少相邻天线单元之间的影响从而提高整个天线的性能。
随着5G移动通信技术的进一步发展演进，宽频带、高增益也越来越被现在的通信系统所需要。如何既能使MIMO天线在紧凑的结构下保持较低的互耦和较高的隔离度，又能实现MIMO天线的宽频带、高增益和定向辐射特性，成为了现在研究的目标和难点。
技术问题
近年来，许多研究者设计了毫米波MIMO天线，有一些天线虽然能够实现宽频带、高增益、高隔离度和定向辐射特性，但是却无法保持结构的紧凑性，不能满足现代无线通信对终端设备的需求；有一些天线虽然尺寸小，但是却无法同 时满足宽频带、高增益、高隔离度和定向辐射特性，也无法较好地应用到现在的一些移动终端设备中。
技术解决方案
本发明的目的在于提供一种应用于5G移动通信的毫米波宽带MIMO天线，该天线不仅具有宽频带、高增益和良好的定向辐射特性，而且结构紧凑并保持高隔离度。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种应用于5G移动通信的毫米波宽带MIMO天线，包括介质基板以及印刷在介质基板上下表面的金属贴片，印刷在介质基板上表面的金属贴片包括四个毫米波天线单元和去耦结构，印刷在介质基板下表面的金属贴片为金属接地面，所述四个毫米波天线单元为MIMO天线的主体部分，分别设置于介质基板四周，每个毫米波天线单元包括主辐射贴片、共面波导微带馈线、带圆形槽的金属结构以及金属接地面上的两个竖直矩形缝隙和一个水平矩形缝隙，所述去耦结构包括设置于相邻毫米波天线单元之间的四个平面紧凑型电磁带隙结构和设置于介质基板中部的“X”型金属贴片。
进一步地，所述介质基板采用罗杰斯5880高频板材，厚度为1.575mm。
进一步地，所述主辐射贴片上部为半圆形结构，用于增加电流路径，从而降低天线的尺寸，所述主辐射贴片下部为锥形渐变结构，使馈电处的电流平滑过渡，以提高天线的阻抗匹配，所述共面波导微带馈线与主辐射贴片下部相连，所述共面波导微带馈线为阶梯状结构，以进一步提升阻抗匹配。
进一步地，所述共面波导微带馈线与2.92mm射频连接器内芯连接，所述2.92mm射频连接器的四根金属引脚与带圆形槽的金属结构和金属接地面连接。
进一步地，所述带圆形槽的金属结构共同参与天线的辐射，产生一个新的谐振点，从而扩展天线的频带；所述带圆形槽的金属结构，其上部的左端和右端各有一个矩形开口，上部的中间和下部的中间各有一个与圆形槽连通的矩形开口；所述带圆形槽的金属结构上部的三个矩形开口用于改善毫米波天线单元的定向辐射特性。
进一步地，所述四个平面紧凑型电磁带隙结构主要用于提高相邻毫米波天线单元之间的隔离度，每个平面紧凑型电磁带隙结构为一个在其上沿长度方向设有四个平面电磁带隙单元的矩形金属贴片，每个平面电磁带隙单元包括一个“十” 字型缝隙和四个设于其四周的“L”型缝隙；所述“X”型金属贴片主要用于提高斜对角毫米波天线单元之间的隔离度。
进一步地，所述金属接地面包括八个竖直矩形缝隙、四个水平矩形缝隙和十六个菱形缝隙。
进一步地，在金属接地面上对应于同一个毫米波天线单元的两个竖直矩形缝隙和一个水平矩形缝隙共同构成缺陷地结构，用于提高毫米波天线单元的带宽，并进一步改善毫米波天线单元的定向辐射特性。
进一步地，所述菱形缝隙用于进一步提高毫米波天线单元之间的隔离度。
有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：主辐射贴片的上部为半圆形结构，用于增加电流路径，从而降低了天线的尺寸，且带圆形槽的金属结构共同参与天线辐射，产生了一个新的谐振点，从而扩展了天线的频带，使得天线覆盖5G N258(24.25-27.5GHz)毫米波频段；在毫米波天线单元中带圆形槽的金属结构上部的三个矩形开口与金属接地面上的两个竖直矩形缝隙和一个水平矩形缝隙共同改善毫米波天线单元的定向辐射特性；在毫米波MIMO天线中设置四个平面紧凑型电磁带隙结构、一个“X”型金属贴片和十六个菱形缝隙用于降低毫米波天线单元之间的互耦，以减少相邻天线单元之间的影响从而提高整个天线的性能。该毫米波MIMO天线结构紧凑，具有宽频带、高增益、高隔离度和良好的定向辐射特性，适合应用在未来5G移动通信终端设备中。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的俯视图；
图2为本发明实施例的仰视图；
图3为本发明实施例的侧视图；
图4为本发明实施例中反射系数|S11|仿真结果图；
图5为本发明实施例中反射系数|S21|仿真结果图；
图6为本发明实施例中反射系数|S31|仿真结果图；
图7为本发明实施例中反射系数|S41|仿真结果图；
图8为本发明实施例在24.46GHz的Phi＝0°及Phi＝90°的仿真辐射方向图；
图9为本发明实施例在27.75GHz的Phi＝0°及Phi＝90°的仿真辐射方向图；
图10为本发明实施例在频率范围内的峰值增益图。
图中：1-共面波导微带馈线；2-主辐射贴片；3-带圆形槽的金属结构；4-平面紧凑型电磁带隙结构；5-“X”型金属贴片；6-竖直矩形缝隙；7-水平矩形缝隙；8-菱形缝隙；9-金属接地面。
本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
应该指出，以下详细说明都是示例性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
如图1-3所示，本实施例提供了一种应用于5G移动通信的毫米波宽带MIMO天线，包括介质基板以及印刷在介质基板上下表面的金属贴片，印刷在介质基板上表面的金属贴片包括四个毫米波天线单元和去耦结构，印刷在介质基板下表面的金属贴片为金属接地面9，包括八个竖直矩形缝隙6、四个水平矩形缝隙7和十六个菱形缝隙8，所述四个毫米波天线单元为MIMO天线的主体部分，分别设置于介质基板四周，每个毫米波天线单元包括主辐射贴片2、共面波导微带馈线1、带圆形槽的金属结构3和金属接地面9上的两个竖直矩形缝隙6与一个水平矩形缝隙7，所述去耦结构包括设置于相邻毫米波天线单元之间的四个平面紧凑型电磁带隙结构4和设置于介质基板中部的“X”型金属贴片5。
在本实施例中，所述介质基板采用罗杰斯5880高频板材，尺寸为32mm*32mm*1.575mm，其介电常数为2.2，介电损耗角正切为0.0009。
在本实施例中，所述主辐射贴片2上部为半圆形结构，用于增加电流路径，从而降低天线的尺寸，所述主辐射贴片2下部为锥形渐变结构，使馈电处的电流平滑过渡，以提高天线的阻抗匹配，所述共面波导微带馈线1与主辐射贴片2下部相连，其总长度为3.6mm，并将其设计成阶梯状结构，以进一步提升阻抗匹配。
在本实施例中，所述共面波导微带馈线1与2.92mm射频连接器内芯连接，所述2.92mm射频连接器的四根金属引脚与带圆形槽的金属结构3和金属接地面9连接。
在本实施例中，所述毫米波天线单元的带圆形槽的金属结构3共同参与天线的辐射，产生一个新的谐振点，从而扩展天线的频带；所述带圆形槽的金属结构3，其上部的左端和右端各有一个矩形开口，上部的中间和下部的中间各有一个与圆形槽连通的矩形开口；所述带圆形槽的金属结构3上部的三个矩形开口能够有效抑制不规则电流，防止产生非平衡的横向电流，从而改善毫米波天线单元的定向辐射特性。
在本实施例中，所述去耦结构中的四个平面紧凑型电磁带隙结构4，能够形成高阻抗表面结构，可以让传导在其中的表面波电流逐渐减弱，从而提高相邻毫米波天线单元之间的隔离度。每个平面紧凑型电磁带隙结构4为一个在其上沿长度方向设有四个平面电磁带隙单元的矩形金属贴片，每个平面电磁带隙单元包括一个“十”字型缝隙和四个设于其四周的“L”型缝隙；所述去耦结构中的“X”型金属贴片5主要用于提高斜对角毫米波天线单元之间的隔离度。
在本实施例中，在金属接地面9上对应于同一个毫米波天线单元的两个竖直矩形缝隙6和一个水平矩形缝隙7共同构成缺陷地结构，用于改变电流的分布，从而提高毫米波天线单元的带宽，并进一步改善毫米波天线单元的定向辐射特性。
在本实施例中，所述菱形缝隙8对地板电流具有阻碍作用，电流能更多得通过缝隙辐射出去，从而进一步提高毫米波天线单元之间的隔离度。将缝隙设计成菱形，其渐变的结构能在更宽的带宽内将传导到自身的地板电流辐射到空间。
根据以上结构进行仿真的结果如图4-10所示。如图4所示，该毫米波MIMO天线的带宽为23.30-30.83GHz，相对带宽达到27.82％；如图5所示，该毫米波MIMO天线的S21在频率范围内小于-27.70dB，最小为-52.94dB；如图6所示，该毫米波MIMO天线的S31在频率范围内小于-28.68dB，最小为-39.69dB；如图7所示，该毫米波MIMO天线的S41在频率范围内小于-18.30dB，最小为-22.29dB；如图8和图9所示，该毫米波MIMO天线定向辐射，且定向辐射特性良好；如图10所示，该毫米波MIMO天线的峰值增益在频率范围内大于7.73dBi，最大能达到10.21dBi。
在本发明中，主辐射贴片的上部为半圆形结构，用于增加电流路径，从而降低了天线的尺寸，且带圆形槽的金属结构共同参与天线辐射，产生了一个新的谐振点，从而扩展了天线的频带，使得天线覆盖5G N258(24.25-27.5GHz)毫米波频段。在毫米波天线单元中带圆形槽的金属结构上部的三个矩形开口与金属接地面上的两个竖直矩形缝隙和一个水平矩形缝隙共同改善毫米波天线单元的定向辐射特性。在毫米波MIMO天线中设置四个平面紧凑型电磁带隙结构、一个“X”型金属贴片和十六个菱形缝隙用于降低毫米波天线单元之间的互耦，以减少相邻天线单元之间的影响从而提高整个天线的性能。该毫米波MIMO天线工作频段为23.30-30.83GHz，相对带宽达到27.82％，尺寸为32mm*32mm*1.575mm，峰值增益最大能达到10.21dBi，具有宽频带、小型化、高增益和良好的定向辐射特性，且在频率范围内隔离度均大于15dB，适合应用于未来5G移动通信终端设备中。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种应用于5G移动通信的毫米波宽带MIMO天线，其特征在于，包括介质基板以及印刷在介质基板上下表面的金属贴片，印刷在介质基板上表面的金属贴片包括四个毫米波天线单元和去耦结构，印刷在介质基板下表面的金属贴片为金属接地面，所述四个毫米波天线单元为MIMO天线的主体部分，分别设置于介质基板四周，每个毫米波天线单元包括主辐射贴片、共面波导微带馈线、带圆形槽的金属结构以及金属接地面上的两个竖直矩形缝隙和一个水平矩形缝隙，所述去耦结构包括设置于相邻毫米波天线单元之间的四个平面紧凑型电磁带隙结构和设置于介质基板中部的“X”型金属贴片。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于5G移动通信的毫米波宽带MIMO天线，其特征在于，所述介质基板采用罗杰斯5880高频板材，厚度为1.575mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于5G移动通信的毫米波宽带MIMO天线，其特征在于，所述主辐射贴片上部为半圆形结构，用于增加电流路径，从而降低天线的尺寸，所述主辐射贴片下部为锥形渐变结构，使馈电处的电流平滑过渡，以提高天线的阻抗匹配，所述共面波导微带馈线与主辐射贴片下部相连，所述共面波导微带馈线为阶梯状结构，以进一步提升阻抗匹配。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于5G移动通信的毫米波宽带MIMO天线，其特征在于，所述共面波导微带馈线与2.92mm射频连接器内芯连接，所述2.92mm射频连接器的四根金属引脚与带圆形槽的金属结构和金属接地面连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于5G移动通信的毫米波宽带MIMO天线，其特征在于，所述带圆形槽的金属结构共同参与天线的辐射，产生一个新的谐振点，从而扩展天线的频带；所述带圆形槽的金属结构，其上部的左端和右端各有一个矩形开口，上部的中间和下部的中间各有一个与圆形槽连通的矩形开口；所述带圆形槽的金属结构上部的三个矩形开口用于改善毫米波天线单元的定向辐射特性。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于5G移动通信的毫米波宽带MIMO天线，其特征在于，所述四个平面紧凑型电磁带隙结构主要用于提高相邻毫米波天线单元之间的隔离度，每个平面紧凑型电磁带隙结构为一个在其上沿长度方向设有四个平面电磁带隙单元的矩形金属贴片，每个平面电磁带隙单元包括一个“十”字型 缝隙和四个设于其四周的“L”型缝隙；所述“X”型金属贴片主要用于提高斜对角毫米波天线单元之间的隔离度。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于5G移动通信的毫米波宽带MIMO天线，其特征在于，所述金属接地面包括八个竖直矩形缝隙、四个水平矩形缝隙和十六个菱形缝隙。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种应用于5G移动通信的毫米波宽带MIMO天线，其特征在于，在金属接地面上对应于同一个毫米波天线单元的两个竖直矩形缝隙和一个水平矩形缝隙共同构成缺陷地结构，用于提高毫米波天线单元的带宽，并进一步改善毫米波天线单元的定向辐射特性。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种应用于5G移动通信的毫米波宽带MIMO天线，其特征在于，所述菱形缝隙用于进一步提高毫米波天线单元之间的隔离度。
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