WO2023000886A1 - 一种基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统 - Google Patents

一种基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统 Download PDF

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WO2023000886A1
WO2023000886A1 PCT/CN2022/099529 CN2022099529W WO2023000886A1 WO 2023000886 A1 WO2023000886 A1 WO 2023000886A1 CN 2022099529 W CN2022099529 W CN 2022099529W WO 2023000886 A1 WO2023000886 A1 WO 2023000886A1
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concentric spherical
positive lens
negative lens
lens
curvature
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PCT/CN2022/099529
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French (fr)
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王虎
马泽华
沈阳
薛要克
闫昊昱
刘阳
刘美莹
刘杰
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中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所
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Publication of WO2023000886A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023000886A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/02Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by astronomical means
    • G01C21/025Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by astronomical means with the use of startrackers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00

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  • the invention relates to the field of optical design, in particular to a large field of view energy detection optical system adopting a concentric spherical mirror structure.
  • spacecraft attitude measurement instruments mainly include gyroscopes, sun sensors, earth sensors, infrared horizons and star sensors.
  • the star sensor is an attitude sensor with the highest precision, autonomous navigation and no drift, and is widely used in satellites, ships, telescopes and scientific experiment balloons.
  • the star sensor mainly includes an optical imaging system and an image processing system. As an important part of the star sensor, the optical imaging system affects the detection sensitivity, precision and detection probability of the star sensor. With the increasing requirements for precise attitude control, the development trend of optical imaging systems is large field of view, large relative aperture, and wide spectral range.
  • the large field of view can ensure that more navigation stars can be obtained under the same threshold magnitude, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of the star sensor and the success rate of star map identification.
  • a complicated double Gaussian structure an aspheric structure and a concentric spherical mirror structure.
  • He Lingna et al. used eight improved double-Gaussian structures to achieve a field of view of 22.6°.
  • the field of view realized by the double-Gaussian structure is limited, and the improvement of the field of view is at the cost of a complicated structure (see the article Star Sensor Based on CMOSAPS Optical system structure design and optimization); Zhang Huan et al.
  • the present invention proposes a large field of view based on a concentric spherical mirror structure with low distortion, low chromatic aberration of magnification, and large aperture. Energy detection optics.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a large field of view energy detection optical system based on concentric spherical mirrors, which is special in that it includes asymmetric concentric spherical mirrors, curved optical fiber panels and detectors arranged in sequence along the incident direction of light;
  • the above-mentioned asymmetric concentric spherical mirror is composed of six lenses; the above-mentioned six lenses are arranged concentrically, and the focal lengths of the six lenses are all different;
  • the input surface of the above-mentioned curved fiber optic panel is a curved surface, the curvature of the input surface is the same as the curvature of the image surface of the asymmetric concentric spherical mirror, and is arranged at the position of the image surface of the asymmetric concentric spherical mirror; the output surface of the above-mentioned curved optical fiber panel is a plane;
  • the above-mentioned detectors are planar detectors, coupled with the output face of the curved fiber optic panel;
  • the incident light is imaged on the image plane of the asymmetric concentric spherical mirror after passing through the asymmetric concentric spherical mirror, the light enters the input surface of the curved fiber optic panel, and finally passes through the output surface of the curved fiber optic panel to be imaged on the planar detector.
  • the above-mentioned asymmetric concentric spherical mirrors are sequentially along the light incident direction: the first positive lens, the first negative lens, the second negative lens, the second positive lens, the third negative lens, and the third positive lens; held together by gluing.
  • the focal lengths f' 1 , f' 2 , f' 3 , and f' 4 of the first positive lens, the first negative lens, the second negative lens, the second positive lens, the third negative lens, and the third positive lens , f' 5 , f' 6 are respectively:
  • the focal length of the first positive lens is 0.6f' ⁇ f' 1 ⁇ 0.8f';
  • the focal length of the first negative lens is -12f' ⁇ f' 2 ⁇ -10f';
  • the focal length of the second negative lens is -1.2f' ⁇ f' 3 ⁇ -f';
  • the focal length of the second positive lens is 2.7f' ⁇ f' 4 ⁇ 2.9f';
  • the focal length of the third negative lens is -2.4f' ⁇ f' 5 ⁇ -2.2f';
  • the focal length of the third positive lens is 1.4f' ⁇ f' 6 ⁇ 1.7f'.
  • the refractive indices n 1 , n 2 , n 3 , n 4 , and n 5 of the first positive lens, the first negative lens, the second negative lens, the second positive lens, the third negative lens, and the third positive lens , n 6 are respectively:
  • the refractive index of the first positive lens is 1.4 ⁇ n 1 ⁇ 1.55;
  • the refractive index of the first negative lens is 1.7 ⁇ n 2 ⁇ 1.85;
  • the refractive index of the second negative lens is 1.55 ⁇ n 3 ⁇ 1.7;
  • the refractive index of the second positive lens is 1.55 ⁇ n 4 ⁇ 1.7;
  • the refractive index of the third negative lens is 1.45 ⁇ n 5 ⁇ 1.6;
  • the refractive index of the third positive lens is 1.7 ⁇ n 6 ⁇ 1.85.
  • radius of curvature R1 of the incident surface of the first positive lens and the radius of curvature R2 of the light - emitting surface satisfy:
  • the radius of curvature R3 of the incident surface of the first negative lens and the radius of curvature R4 of the light exit surface of the first negative lens satisfy:
  • the curvature radius R5 of the incident surface of the second negative lens and the curvature radius R6 of the light exit surface satisfy:
  • the curvature radius R7 of the incident surface of the second positive lens and the curvature radius R8 of the light exit surface satisfy:
  • the radius of curvature R9 of the incident surface of the third negative lens and the radius of curvature R10 of the light exit surface of the third negative lens satisfy:
  • the radius of curvature R 11 of the incident surface of the third positive lens and the radius of curvature R 12 of the light exit surface of the third positive lens satisfy:
  • the material of the above-mentioned first positive lens is fused silica JGS1.
  • planar detector is a planar CCD.
  • the glass materials of the first negative lens, the second negative lens, the second positive lens, the third negative lens, and the third positive lens are: H-ZLAF52A, H-ZPK5, H-ZPK5, H-K5, H-ZLAF52A.
  • the focal length of the large field of view energy detection optical system based on the concentric spherical mirror is 50mm, and the diameter of the entrance pupil is 30mm.
  • the present invention is designed with a concentric spherical mirror structure. Due to its rotational symmetry about the full field of view, the concentric spherical mirror does not produce off-axis aberrations such as distortion and chromatic aberration of magnification, which is conducive to realizing high-quality imaging in a large field of view; Due to the double Gaussian structure and aspherical structure, the structure of the concentric spherical mirror structure is simple, and the processing and detection are convenient; in addition, the present invention considers the influence of the effective aperture of the concentric spherical mirror, and the diameter of the entrance pupil is designed to be 30mm, and through the curved A curved fiber optic panel with the same curvature as the input surface is set on the image plane, and the planar output surface of the curved fiber optic panel is coupled to the planar CCD, which solves the field curvature defect of the concentric spherical mirror and realizes imaging of the planar detector. After image quality analysis, it is proved that the optical system of
  • the large field of view energy detection optical system based on concentric spherical mirrors of the present invention adopts a concentric spherical mirror structure, utilizes the characteristics of rotational symmetry of the full field of view of the concentric spherical mirror structure, and considers the influence of its effective clear aperture and bending optical fiber panel transmission efficiency , to achieve a subfield of view of 25° and a full field of view of 75°, which is conducive to improving the measurement accuracy of the star sensor and the success rate of star map recognition.
  • the energy of the 460-850nm full field of view is concentrated in 3 ⁇ 3 pixels, the size of the diffuse spot is uniform and the roundness is very good, the energy is close to Gaussian distribution, the distortion is less than 2.37%, and the chromatic aberration of magnification is less than 1.02 ⁇ 10 -4 ⁇ m, which is beneficial for star point extraction.
  • the 460-850nm band is selected, fully considering the spectral response of the detector and the spectral characteristics of stars.
  • the structure of the present invention using the curved fiber panel to couple the detector realizes the imaging of the planar detector, and the use of the curved fiber panel is also beneficial to improve the fiber coupling efficiency.
  • the first lens material of the concentric spherical mirror of the present invention is fused silica JGS1, which can adapt to strong radiation and large temperature difference in the space environment.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the optical system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a spot diagram of the optical system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the energy concentration curve of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a chromatic aberration curve of magnification in the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a relative distortion curve of the present invention.
  • one embodiment or “an embodiment” referred to herein refers to a specific feature, structure or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. "In one embodiment” appearing in different places in this specification does not all refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.
  • the large field of view energy detection optical system based on concentric spherical mirrors in this embodiment is mainly composed of an asymmetric concentric spherical mirror 1 , a fiber optic panel and a planar detector.
  • the asymmetric concentric spherical mirror 1 is composed of six concentrically arranged lenses, and along the transmission direction of the light are the first positive lens 2, the first negative lens 3, the second negative lens 4, the second Positive lens 5, third negative lens 6, third positive lens 7.
  • Each lens is bonded together by gluing.
  • a curved fiber optic panel with higher transmission efficiency is selected than a straight fiber optic panel.
  • the input surface of the curved fiber optic panel 9 is a curved surface, the curvature of which is the same as that of the image surface 8 of the asymmetric concentric spherical mirror, and the output surface is a plane.
  • the input surface of the curved fiber optic panel 9 is located at the image surface 8 of the asymmetric concentric spherical mirror, and the output surface is coupled with the planar detector.
  • the planar detector is a planar CCD10.
  • the incident light is imaged on the image plane 8 of the asymmetric concentric spherical mirror after passing through the asymmetric concentric spherical mirror 1, and the light enters the input surface of the curved fiber optic panel 9, and is finally imaged on the flat CCD10 through the output surface.
  • the material of the first positive lens 2 in the asymmetric concentric spherical mirror 1 of this embodiment is selected as fused silica JGS1.
  • the glass materials of the first negative lens 3, the second negative lens 4, the second positive lens 5, the third negative lens 6, and the third positive lens 7 are: H-ZLAF52A, H-ZPK5, H-ZPK5, H-K5 , H-ZLAF52A.
  • the use of high-refractive index glass reduces the incident angle of on-axis and off-axis beams, which is beneficial to improve the field of view.
  • the optical system achieves a sub-field of view of 25° and a 3 ⁇ 3 spliced full field of view of 75°.
  • the optical characteristics of the six concentrically arranged lenses in the asymmetric concentric spherical mirror 1 are:
  • f' 1 , f' 2 , f' 3 , f' 4 , f' 5 , and f' 6 are the first positive lens 2, the first negative lens 3, the second negative lens 4, and the second positive lens 5.
  • the focal lengths of the third negative lens 6 and the third positive lens 7; n 1 , n 2 , n 3 , n 4 , n 5 , and n 6 are the first positive lens 2, the first negative lens 3, and the second negative lens Lens 4, the second positive lens 5, the third negative lens 6, and the refractive index of the third positive lens 7;
  • R 1 and R 2 are the radii of curvature of the light incident surface and the light exit surface of the first positive lens 2 respectively;
  • R 3 , R 4 is the radius of curvature of the light incident surface and the light exit surface of the first negative lens 3 respectively;
  • R 5 and R 6 are the curvature radii of the light incident surface and the light exit surface of the second negative lens 4 respectively;
  • R 7 and R 8 are
  • the focal length of the optical system provided by the present invention is 50 mm, and the diameter of the entrance pupil is 30 mm.
  • the size of the diffuse spots in the entire field of view is uniform, and the shape is approximately circular; see Figure 3, the energy is close to Gaussian distribution, and the energy contained in the 3 ⁇ 3 pixel is greater than 90%; see Figure 4, each color light is relative to the center
  • the chromatic aberration of magnification at a wavelength of 650nm is less than 1.02 ⁇ 10 -4 ⁇ m; see Figure 5, the relative distortion of the system is less than 2.37% in the full field of view.

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Abstract

一种基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统,包括沿光线入射方向依次设置的非对称同心球镜(1)、弯曲光纤面板(9)及探测器(10);非对称同心球镜(1)由六片透镜组成;弯曲光纤面板(9)的输入面为曲面,曲率与非对称同心球镜的像面(8)曲率相同,且设置在像面(8)位置处;弯曲光纤面板(9)的输出面为平面;探测器为平面探测器,与弯曲光纤面板(9)的输出面耦合;入射光线经过非对称同心球镜(1)之后成像在其像面(8),光线进入弯曲光纤面板(9)的输入面,最后经过弯曲光纤面板(9)的输出面成像在平面探测器上。该光学系统具有视场大、全视场弥散斑大小均匀且圆度好、能量接近高斯分布、倍率色差小及畸变小的优点,可以增加视场中的平均星数目,提高星敏感器的测量精度和星图识别成功率。

Description

一种基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统 技术领域
本发明涉及光学设计领域,具体涉及一种采用同心球镜结构的大视场能量探测光学系统。
背景技术
航天器姿态的确定与调整对于其正常工作十分重要,是姿态控制系统中重要的一环。目前航天器姿态测量仪器主要有陀螺仪、太阳敏感器、地球敏感器、红外地平仪及星敏感器等。星敏感器是精度最高、可自主导航且不存在漂移的姿态敏感器,在卫星、船舰、望远镜及科学实验气球等领域应用十分广泛。星敏感器主要包括光学成像系统和图像处理系统。光学成像系统作为星敏感器很重要的一部分,影响着星敏感器的探测灵敏度、精度及探测概率等。随着对精密姿态控制要求的提高,光学成像系统的发展趋势是大视场、大相对孔径、宽谱段。
大视场能够确保在阈值星等相同的情况下获得更多的导航星,从而提高星敏感器的测量精度和星图识别的成功率。目前大视场的实现主要有复杂化的双高斯结构、非球面结构及同心球镜结构三种方式。如,何灵娜等人使用八片改进的双高斯结构,实现的视场为22.6°,双高斯结构实现的视场有限,并且提高视场以复杂化结构作为代价(参见文章基于CMOSAPS的星敏感器光学系统结构设计与优化);张欢等人使用含有非球面的复杂化双高斯结构实现了17°×17°视场,非球面的使用使透镜加工和检测的难度提高,增加了成本(参见文章星敏感器光学系统设计)。相对于复杂化的双高斯结构与非球面结 构,同心球镜结构的结构较为简单,且加工检测方便,Kordas等人在Clementine任务中对星敏感器摄像机进行设计,采用同心球镜结构,使用光纤耦合的传输方式实现了43.2°×28.4°视场,入瞳直径为14mm。其虽然实现较大视场,但是孔径较小,不利于能量的获取(参见文章StartrackerstellarcompassfortheClementinemission)。
发明内容
为了增加视场中的平均星数目,提高星敏感器的测量精度和星图识别成功率,本发明提出了一种低畸变、低倍率色差、孔径较大的基于同心球镜结构的大视场能量探测光学系统。
本发明的技术解决方案是提供一种基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统,其特殊之处在于:包括沿光线入射方向依次设置的非对称同心球镜、弯曲光纤面板及探测器;
上述非对称同心球镜由六片透镜组成;上述六片透镜同心设置,六片透镜的焦距均不同;
上述弯曲光纤面板的输入面为曲面,输入面的曲率与非对称同心球镜的像面曲率相同,且设置在非对称同心球镜的像面位置处;上述弯曲光纤面板的输出面为平面;
上述探测器为平面探测器,与弯曲光纤面板的输出面耦合;
入射光线经过非对称同心球镜之后成像在非对称同心球镜的像面,光线进入弯曲光纤面板的输入面,最后经过弯曲光纤面板的输出面成像在平面探测器上。
进一步地,上述非对称同心球镜沿光线入射方向依次为:第一正透镜, 第一负透镜,第二负透镜,第二正透镜,第三负透镜,第三正透镜;各个透镜之间通过胶合的形式结合在一起。
进一步地,上述第一正透镜,第一负透镜,第二负透镜,第二正透镜,第三负透镜,第三正透镜的焦距f’ 1、f’ 2、f’ 3、f’ 4、f’ 5、f’ 6分别为:
第一正透镜的焦距为0.6f’<f’ 1<0.8f’;
第一负透镜的焦距为-12f’<f’ 2<-10f’;
第二负透镜的焦距为-1.2f’<f’ 3<-f’;
第二正透镜的焦距为2.7f’<f’ 4<2.9f’;
第三负透镜的焦距为-2.4f’<f’ 5<-2.2f’;
第三正透镜的焦距为1.4f’<f’ 6<1.7f’。
进一步地,上述第一正透镜,第一负透镜,第二负透镜,第二正透镜,第三负透镜,第三正透镜的折射率n 1、n 2、n 3、n 4、n 5、n 6分别为:
第一正透镜的折射率为1.4<n 1<1.55;
第一负透镜的折射率为1.7<n 2<1.85;
第二负透镜的折射率为1.55<n 3<1.7;
第二正透镜的折射率为1.55<n 4<1.7;
第三负透镜的折射率为1.45<n 5<1.6;
第三正透镜的折射率为1.7<n 6<1.85。
进一步地,上述第一正透镜入光面的曲率半径R 1及出光面的曲率半径R 2满足:
0.6f’ 1<R 1<f’ 1;0.5f’ 1<R 2<0.7f’ 1
上述第一负透镜入光面的曲率半径R 3及出光面的曲率半径R 4满足:
0.5f’ 1<R 3<0.7f’ 1;0.2f’ 1<R 4<0.4f’ 1
上述第二负透镜入光面的曲率半径R 5及出光面的曲率半径R 6满足:
0.2f’ 1<R 5<0.4f’ 1;f’ 1<R 6
上述第二正透镜入光面的曲率半径R 7及出光面的曲率半径R 8满足:
f’ 1<R 7;-0.4f’ 1<R 8<-0.2f’ 1
上述第三负透镜入光面的曲率半径R 9及出光面的曲率半径R 10满足:
-0.4f’ 1<R 9<-0.2f’ 1;-0.6f’ 1<R 10<-0.4f’ 1
上述第三正透镜入光面的曲率半径R 11及出光面的曲率半径R 12满足:
-0.6f’ 1<R 11<-0.4f’ 1;-0.9f’ 1<R 12<-0.7f’ 1
进一步地,为了能够适应太空环境中较强的辐射和较大的温差,上述第一正透镜的材料为熔融石英JGS1。
进一步地,上述平面探测器为平面CCD。
进一步地,上述第一负透镜,第二负透镜,第二正透镜,第三负透镜,第三正透镜的玻璃材料分别为:H-ZLAF52A、H-ZPK5、H-ZPK5、H-K5、H-ZLAF52A。
基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统的焦距为50mm,入瞳直径为30mm。
本发明具有以下优点:
1、本发明采用同心球镜结构进行设计,同心球镜由于其关于全视场旋转对称的特性,不产生畸变、倍率色差等轴外像差,有利于实现大视场高质量成像;同时相对于双高斯结构及非球面结构,同心球镜结构的结构简单,加工检测方便;另外本发明对同心球镜有效通光孔径的影响进行了考虑,将入 瞳直径设计为30mm,并通过在弯曲像面上设置输入面与其曲率相同的弯曲光纤面板,将弯曲光纤面板的平面输出面耦合到平面CCD上,解决了同心球镜场曲缺陷,实现了平面探测器成像。经过像质分析,证明本发明光学系统成像质量良好,全视场弥散斑大小均匀且圆度很好、能量接近高斯分布、倍率色差小、畸变小。
2、本发明基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统采用同心球镜结构,利用同心球镜结构全视场旋转对称的特性,并且考虑其有效通光孔径和弯曲光纤面板传输效率的影响,实现了子视场25°,全视场75°,有利于提高星敏感器的测量精度和星图识别成功率。
3、本发明460-850nm全视场90%能量集中在3×3像元内,弥散斑大小均匀且圆度很好,能量接近高斯分布,畸变小于2.37%,倍率色差小于1.02×10 -4μm,有利于星点提取。选取460-850nm波段,充分考虑了探测器的光谱响应和恒星的光谱特性。
4、本发明使用弯曲光纤面板耦合探测器的结构在实现了平面探测器成像的同时,弯曲光纤面板的使用还有利于提高光纤耦合效率。
5、本发明同心球镜的第一个透镜材料选择熔融石英JGS1,能够适应太空环境中较强的辐射和较大的温差。
附图说明
图1为本发明的光学系统结构示意图。
图2为本发明的光学系统点列图。
图3为本发明的能量集中度曲线。
图4为本发明的倍率色差曲线。
图5为本发明的相对畸变曲线。
图中附图标记为:1-非对称同心球镜,2-第一正透镜,3-第一负透镜,4-第二负透镜,5-第二正透镜,6-第三负透镜,7-第三正透镜,8-非对称同心球镜的像面,9-弯曲光纤面板,10-平面CCD。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合说明书附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明,显然所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明的保护的范围。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
其次,此处所称的“一个实施例”或“实施例”是指可包含于本发明至少一个实现方式中的特定特征、结构或特性。在本说明书中不同地方出现的“在一个实施例中”并非均指同一个实施例,也不是单独的或选择性的与其他实施例互相排斥的实施例。
再其次,本发明结合示意图进行详细描述,在详述本发明实施例时,为便于说明,所述示意图只是示例,其在此不应限制本发明保护的范围。此外,术语“第一、第二或第三”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
参见图1,本实施例中基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统,主要由非对称同心球镜1、光纤面板及平面探测器组成。从图中可以看出,非对称同心球镜1由六片同心设置的透镜组成,沿着光线的传输方向依次为第一正透镜2,第一负透镜3,第二负透镜4,第二正透镜5,第三负透镜6,第三正透镜7。各个透镜之间通过胶合的形式结合在一起。本实施例为了提高光纤面板传输效率和提高视场,相对于直光纤面板,选择了传输效率更高的弯曲光纤面板。从图中可以看出,弯曲光纤面板9的输入面为曲面,其曲率与非对称同心球镜的像面8的曲率相同,输出面为平面。弯曲光纤面板9的输入面位于非对称同心球镜的像面8处,输出面与平面探测器耦合,本实施例中平面探测器选用平面CCD10。入射光线经过非对称同心球镜1之后成像在非对称同心球镜的像面8,光线进入弯曲光纤面板9的输入面,最后经过输出面成像在平面CCD10上。
为了避免太空环境中较强辐射和较大温差的影响,本实施例非对称同心球镜1中第一正透镜2的材料选为熔融石英JGS1。第一负透镜3,第二负透镜4,第二正透镜5,第三负透镜6,第三正透镜7的玻璃材料分别为:H-ZLAF52A、H-ZPK5、H-ZPK5、H-K5、H-ZLAF52A。使用高折射率玻璃减小轴上和轴外光束的入射角,有利于提高视场。该光学系统实现了子视场25°,3×3拼接全视场75°。
本实施例中非对称同心球镜1中六片同心设置的透镜的光学特性为:
对于第一正透镜2:
0.6f’<f’ 1<0.8f’,1.4<n 1<1.55,0.6f’ 1<R 1<f’ 1,0.5f’ 1<R 2<0.7f’ 1
对于第一负透镜3:
-12f’<f’ 2<-10f’,1.7<n 2<1.85,0.5f’ 1<R 3<0.7f’ 1,0.2f’ 1<R 4<0.4f’ 1
对于第二负透镜4:
-1.2f’<f’ 3<-f’,1.55<n 3<1.7,0.2f’ 1<R 5<0.4f’,f’ 1<R 6
对于第二正透镜5:
2.7f’<f’ 4<2.9f’,1.55<n 4<1.7,f’ 1<R 7,-0.4f’ 1<R 8<-0.2f’ 1
对于第三负透镜6:
-2.4f’<f’ 5<-2.2f’,1.45<n 5<1.6,-0.4f’ 1<R 9<-0.2f’ 1,-0.6f’ 1<R 10<-0.4f’ 1
对于第三正透镜7:
1.4f’<f’ 6<1.7f’,1.7<n 6<1.85,-0.6f’ 1<R 11<-0.4f’ 1,-0.9f’ 1<R 12<-0.7f’ 1
上述参数中f’ 1、f’ 2、f’ 3、f’ 4、f’ 5、f’ 6依次为第一正透镜2,第一负透镜3,第二负透镜4,第二正透镜5,第三负透镜6,第三正透镜7的焦距;n 1、n 2、n 3、n 4、n 5、n 6依次为第一正透镜2,第一负透镜3,第二负透镜4,第二正透镜5,第三负透镜6,第三正透镜7的折射率;R 1、R 2分别为第一正透镜2的入光面与出光面的曲率半径;R 3、R 4分别为第一负透镜3的入光面与出光面的曲率半径;R 5、R 6分别为第二负透镜4的入光面与出光面的曲率半径;R 7、R 8分别为第二正透镜5的入光面与出光面的曲率半径;R 9、R 10分别为第三负透镜6的入光面与出光面的曲率半径;R 11、R 12分别为第三正透镜7的入光面与出光面的曲率半径。
本发明提供的光学系统焦距为50mm,入瞳直径为30mm。参见图2,全视场弥散斑大小均匀,形状近似于圆形;参见图3,能量接近高斯分布,在3×3像元内包含的能量大于90%;参见图4,各色光相对于中心波长650nm的倍率色差小于1.02×10 -4μm;参见图5,系统的相对畸变在全视场内小于2.37%。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统,其特征在于:包括沿光线入射方向依次设置的非对称同心球镜(1)、弯曲光纤面板(9)及探测器;
    所述非对称同心球镜(1)由六片透镜组成;所述六片透镜同心设置,六片透镜的焦距均不同;
    所述弯曲光纤面板(9)的输入面为曲面,输入面的曲率与非对称同心球镜的像面(8)曲率相同,且设置在非对称同心球镜的像面(8)位置处;所述弯曲光纤面板(9)的输出面为平面;
    所述探测器为平面探测器,与弯曲光纤面板(9)的输出面耦合;
    入射光线经过非对称同心球镜(1)之后成像在非对称同心球镜的像面(8),光线进入弯曲光纤面板(9)的输入面,最后经过弯曲光纤面板(9)的输出面成像在平面探测器上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统,其特征在于:所述非对称同心球镜(1)沿光线入射方向依次为:第一正透镜(2),第一负透镜(3),第二负透镜(4),第二正透镜(5),第三负透镜(6),第三正透镜(7);各个透镜之间通过胶合的形式结合在一起。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统,其特征在于:所述第一正透镜(2),第一负透镜(3),第二负透镜(4),第二正透镜(5),第三负透镜(6),第三正透镜(7)的焦距f’ 1、f’ 2、f’ 3、f’ 4、f’ 5、f’ 6分别为:
    第一正透镜(2)的焦距为0.6f’<f’ 1<0.8f’;
    第一负透镜(3)的焦距为-12f’<f’ 2<-10f’;
    第二负透镜(4)的焦距为-1.2f’<f’ 3<-f’;
    第二正透镜(5)的焦距为2.7f’<f’ 4<2.9f’;
    第三负透镜(6)的焦距为-2.4f’<f’ 5<-2.2f’;
    第三正透镜(7)的焦距为1.4f’<f’ 6<1.7f’。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统,其特征在于:所述第一正透镜(2),第一负透镜(3),第二负透镜(4),第二正透镜(5),第三负透镜(6),第三正透镜(7)的折射率n 1、n 2、n 3、n 4、n 5、n 6分别为:
    第一正透镜(2)的折射率为1.4<n 1<1.55;
    第一负透镜(3)的折射率为1.7<n 2<1.85;
    第二负透镜(4)的折射率为1.55<n 3<1.7;
    第二正透镜(5)的折射率为1.55<n 4<1.7;
    第三负透镜(6)的折射率为1.45<n 5<1.6;
    第三正透镜(7)的折射率为1.7<n 6<1.85。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统,其特征在于:所述第一正透镜(2)入光面的曲率半径R 1及出光面的曲率半径R 2满足:
    0.6f’ 1<R 1<f’ 1;0.5f’ 1<R 2<0.7f’ 1
    所述第一负透镜(3)入光面的曲率半径R 3及出光面的曲率半径R 4满足:
    0.5f’ 1<R 3<0.7f’ 1;0.2f’ 1<R 4<0.4f’ 1
    所述第二负透镜(4)入光面的曲率半径R 5及出光面的曲率半径R 6满足:
    0.2f’ 1<R 5<0.4f’ 1;f’ 1<R 6
    所述第二正透镜(5)入光面的曲率半径R 7及出光面的曲率半径R 8满足:
    f’ 1<R 7;-0.4f’ 1<R 8<-0.2f’ 1
    所述第三负透镜(6)入光面的曲率半径R 9及出光面的曲率半径R 10满足:
    -0.4f’ 1<R 9<-0.2f’ 1;-0.6f’ 1<R 10<-0.4f’ 1
    所述第三正透镜(7)入光面的曲率半径R 11及出光面的曲率半径R 12满足:
    -0.6f’ 1<R 11<-0.4f’ 1;-0.9f’ 1<R 12<-0.7f’ 1
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统,其特征在于:所述第一正透镜(2)的材料为熔融石英JGS1。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统,其特征在于:所述平面探测器为平面CCD(10)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统,其特征在于:所述第一负透镜(3),第二负透镜(4),第二正透镜(5),第三负透镜(6),第三正透镜(7)的玻璃材料分别为:H-ZLAF52A、H-ZPK5、H-ZPK5、H-K5、H-ZLAF52A。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一所述的基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统,其特征在于:焦距为50mm,入瞳直径为30mm。
PCT/CN2022/099529 2021-07-20 2022-06-17 一种基于同心球镜的大视场能量探测光学系统 WO2023000886A1 (zh)

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