WO2023000543A1

WO2023000543A1 - Beam expanding optical film, display apparatus, and multidirectional beam expanding optical film

Info

Publication number: WO2023000543A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/128211
Authority: WO
Inventors: 卢增祥
Original assignee: 亿信科技发展有限公司
Priority date: 2021-07-22
Filing date: 2021-11-02
Publication date: 2023-01-26
Also published as: CN113589540B; CN113589540A

Abstract

A beam expanding optical film, a display apparatus and a multidirectional beam expanding optical film. The beam expanding optical film comprises: a multifocal film layer (20); a grating film layer, the grating film layer being located at a light-emitting side of the multifocal film layer (20), and the grating film layer at least having a planar region and a beam-expanding surface disposed obliquely to the planar region on a side surface distant from the multifocal film layer (20), so that light emitted by pixels through the multifocal film layer (20) and the grating film layer in sequence can be imaged in multiple planes, and an image of the pixels can be seen in multiple directions.

Description

Beam expanding optical film, display device and multidirectional beam expanding optical film

This disclosure claims the priority of the Chinese patent application with application number 202110833276.8 submitted to the China Patent Office on July 22, 2021, and the entire content of the above application is incorporated in this disclosure by reference.

technical field

The present application relates to the technical field of optical imaging equipment, for example, to a beam expanding optical film, a display device and a multi-directional beam expanding optical film.

Background technique

For the three-dimensional display device in the related art, taking the naked-eye 3D display as an example, there are many ways to realize the naked-eye 3D display. The integrated imaging naked-eye 3D display technology with the lenticular lens grating film as the main component is a widely used 3D display method in the related art. . However, the effect of the 3D display mode of the lenticular grating is subject to many restrictions, such as the resolution of the display and the intercept of the lenticular grating largely limit the resolution and the number of viewpoints of the 3D display, and the 3D display realized by the lenticular grating has Crosstalk between viewpoints, because the lenticular grating is only divided into viewpoints, using the parallax images of the left and right eyes to realize 3D, it is easy to cause the problem of convergence and focus of the human eye in the depth direction, and it is easy to cause visual fatigue, which seriously affects the display effect and imaging quality.

That is to say, the 3D display technology in the related art has the problems of low resolution, small depth of field, and visual fatigue caused by convergence and focus of both eyes.

Contents of the invention

The present application provides a beam expander optical film, a display device and a multi-directional beam expander optical film to solve the problems of low resolution, small depth of field, and visual fatigue caused by binocular convergence and focus in 3D display technology in the related art.

The application provides a beam expanding optical film, comprising: a multi-focus film layer; a grating film layer, the grating film layer is located on the light-emitting side of the multi-focus film layer, and the surface of the grating film layer away from the multi-focus film layer has at least a plane area and the beam expander surface inclined to the plane area, so that the light emitted by the pixel can be imaged on multiple planes through the multi-focus film layer and the grating film layer sequentially, and the image of the pixel can be seen in multiple directions.

The present application also provides a display device, including: a dense display device; a lens, the lens is arranged on one side of the dense display device; and the above-mentioned beam expanding optical film, the beam expanding optical film is arranged on a side away from the lens from the dense display device.

The present application also provides a multi-directional beam expanding optical film, comprising: a grating film layer, one side surface of the grating film layer at least has a planar area and a beam expanding surface inclined to the planar area, so that the light passing through the grating film layer Light can be displayed in multiple directions; there are multiple grating film layers, and the multiple grating film layers include: a first grating film layer, and the first grating film layer has a plurality of first prisms arranged in sequence along the first direction; The grating film layer, the second grating film layer has a plurality of second prisms arranged along the second direction, and there is an included angle between the first direction and the second direction, and the included angle is an acute angle or a right angle.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a display device in an optional embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of another angle of the display device in Fig. 1;

Figure 3 shows a schematic structural view of the first grating film layer in Figure 1;

Fig. 4 shows the beam exit figure of the first prism in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of another angle of Fig. 4;

FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural view of a first grating film layer in another embodiment;

Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of another angle of the first grating film layer in Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 shows the structural representation of Fresnel film layer;

Fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of selecting two vertically arranged sub-regions on a complete Fresnel film layer;

Fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of splicing two subregions in Fig. 9;

Figure 11a shows a schematic diagram of the relative position of the imaging of pixels passing through the multi-focus film layer in Figure 10;

Figure 11b shows a schematic diagram of the relative position of the imaging of pixels passing through the multi-focus film layer in Figure 10;

Figure 11c shows a schematic diagram of the relative position of the imaging of pixels passing through the multi-focus film layer in Figure 10;

Figure 11d shows a schematic diagram of the relative position of the imaging of pixels passing through the multi-focus film layer in Figure 10;

Fig. 12 shows a schematic diagram of selecting two sub-regions arranged at an acute angle on a complete Fresnel film layer;

Figure 13a shows a schematic diagram of the relative imaging positions of the multi-focus film layer where the pixels are spliced through the two sub-regions in Figure 12;

Figure 13b shows a schematic diagram of the relative imaging positions of the multi-focus film layer where the pixels pass through the two sub-regions in Figure 12;

Figure 13c shows a schematic diagram of the relative imaging positions of the multi-focus film layer where the pixels pass through the two sub-regions in Figure 12;

Figure 13d shows a schematic diagram of the relative imaging positions of the multi-focus film layer where the pixels pass through the two sub-regions in Figure 12;

Fig. 14 shows a schematic structural view of the first grating film layer whose first beam expanding surface is arc-shaped;

FIG. 15 shows a schematic structural diagram of the first grating film layer in another embodiment.

Wherein, the above-mentioned accompanying drawings include the following reference signs:

10. Lens; 20. Multi-focus film layer; 21. Planar structure; 22. Toothed structure; 23. Sub-area; 30. First grating film layer; 31. First plane area; 32. First prism; 321. 322, the first plane section; 323, the first beam expanding surface section; 40, the second grating film layer; 41, the second prism.

detailed description

The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

In this application, unless stated to the contrary, the used orientation words such as "upper, lower, top, bottom" are generally used for the directions shown in the drawings, or for the parts themselves in the vertical, In terms of vertical or gravitational direction; similarly, for ease of understanding and description, "inside and outside" refer to inside and outside relative to the outline of each component itself.

In order to solve the problems of low resolution, small depth of field, and visual fatigue caused by binocular convergence and focus in 3D display technology in the related art, the present application provides a beam expander optical film, a display device and a multi-directional beam expander optical film.

As shown in Figures 1 to 15, the beam expander optical film includes a multi-focus film layer 20 and a grating film layer, the grating film layer is located on the light-emitting side of the multi-focus film layer 20, and the side surface of the grating film layer is away from the multi-focus film layer 20 It has at least a plane area and a beam expander surface inclined to the plane area, so that the light emitted by the pixel can be imaged on multiple planes through the multi-focus film layer 20 and the grating film layer in sequence, and the pixels can be seen in multiple directions. picture.

By arranging the multi-focus film layer 20, the multi-focus film layer 20 has multiple focal lengths, so that the multi-focus film layer 20 can realize the display of multiple focal planes, so that the user can observe at least two depth planes with parallax images to achieve a three-dimensional display effect that solves the convergence and focus of the eyes. At the same time, the multi-focus film layer 20 has the advantage of being lighter and thinner, which effectively reduces the overall weight of the multi-focus film layer 20 and ensures the miniaturization of the beam expander optical film. On the side surface of the grating film layer away from the multi-focus film layer 20, there are at least a plane area and a beam expanding surface inclined to the plane area. By setting the beam expanding surface, the beam expanding surface can expand a beam of light into multiple beams of light. Furthermore, the multiple beams of light can be transmitted in multiple directions, so that the multiple beams of light can point to more spaces, so as to achieve the function of increasing the viewing angle, increase the viewing range of the user, and improve the user experience. The beam expander optical film combines the multi-focus film layer 20 and the grating film layer, so that the light emitted by the pixel can be imaged on multiple planes after passing through the multi-focus film layer 20 and the grating film layer in sequence, and can be imaged in multiple directions. See the image of the pixel to achieve a large viewing angle and multi-dimensional display effect.

In addition, by setting the multi-focus film layer 20, it is possible to solve the problem of visual fatigue caused by the conflict between human eye perception and convergence focus in 3D display technology, avoid the risk of visual fatigue during viewing, and ensure user satisfaction. Display effect and image quality.

The beam expander optical film in this application is composed of one layer of multi-focus film layer 20 and two layers of grating film layers. Each layer of optical film can be made by rolling technology, with high manufacturing precision and high production efficiency.

Optionally, the surface of the multi-focus film layer 20 facing the grating film layer has at least a planar structure 21 and a tooth structure 22, so that the multi-focus film layer 20 forms multiple focal points. This setting makes the focal lengths of the planar structure 21 and the toothed structure 22 different, so that the multi-focus film layer 20 can have multiple focal lengths, so that the multi-focus film layer 20 has multiple focal planes, and realizes the imaging of image source pixels on different planes show.

As shown in Figure 8, the multi-focus film layer 20 is a Fresnel film layer, and there are multiple tooth-like structures 22, wherein a plurality of tooth-like structures 22 are ring-shaped, and a plurality of ring-shaped tooth-like structures 22 are arranged concentrically and have an inner diameter different, and at least one group of adjacent two ring-shaped tooth-like structures 22 are spaced apart to form a ring-shaped planar structure 21 therebetween. This setting makes the ring-shaped tooth-like structure 22 form a lens with a focal length f1, and this part is combined with the focal length f0 of the lens 10 to form a new focal length f, 1/f=1/f1+1/f0, and the ring-shaped planar structure 21 can be regarded as The focal length is infinity, and the focal length after combining this part with the focal length f0 of the lens 10 is still f0, so the combination of the Fresnel film layer and the lens 10 can form a bifocal lens 10, so as to realize the imaging of the bifocal lens 10 on two planes , to provide users with images with parallax, so as to achieve the effect of three-dimensional display. Of course, when there are two or more types of tooth-like structures 22 on the Fresnel film layer, the display of three or more focal planes can be realized. When the pixels are fused, a high eye tracking accuracy is required.

It should be noted that, among the plurality of ring-shaped tooth-shaped structures 22 of the above-mentioned Fresnel film layer, two adjacent tooth-shaped structures 22 are arranged at intervals.

The light beam divergence angle of the display device in this application is usually relatively small, but sometimes in order to improve the light energy utilization rate of the display device, the lens 10 with a smaller F. The divergence angle of the light beam emitted by the display device is relatively large, and the actual beam resolution angle of the display device is relatively large at this time, which cannot effectively separate the eyes of the viewer. To solve this problem, the present application sets a square diaphragm in front of the lens 10 to limit the outgoing light In addition, the present application also proposes a multi-focus film layer 20 formed by splicing a plurality of sub-regions 23 . When the light exit aperture of the lens 10 is a rectangle, a suitable multi-focus film layer 20 having multiple sub-regions 23 can be selected to replace the above-mentioned Fresnel film layer.

As shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, the multi-focus film layer 20 also can not be designed as a Fresnel film layer, the multi-focus film layer 20 also can be made up of a plurality of sub-regions 23, all have planar structure 21 and tooth shape in each sub-region 23. structure 22, and the alignment directions of the tooth-like structures 22 and the planar structures 21 in different sub-regions 23 are different. There are multiple tooth-like structures 22 in each sub-region 23, and at least one group of adjacent two tooth-like structures 22 are arranged at intervals to form a planar structure 21 between them, wherein the tooth-like structures 22 are along an arc line extension. Since different regions on the Fresnel film layer can deflect the light beam to different directions, the multi-focus film layer 20 with multiple sub-regions 23 is arranged in front of the lens 10, and when the light beam passes through the multi-focus film layer 20, it will be Divided into multiple beams of light, pointing to multiple directions in space.

As shown in Fig. 10, there are two sub-regions 23, and the adjacent two arc-shaped tooth-shaped structures 22 among the plurality of arc-shaped tooth-shaped structures 22 in each sub-region 23 are spaced apart, so that An arc-shaped planar structure 21 is formed between the tooth-shaped structures 22 .

In the display device, the focal length of the combination of the toothed structure 22 on the Fresnel film layer and the lens 10 is smaller than the original focal length of the lens 10, so that when the dense display device is turned on for imaging, it is in one direction in space, one The dense display device has two layers of imaging surfaces, which are respectively defined as the far image surface and the near image surface. The far image surface conforms to the original imaging law of the lens 10, and the near image surface conforms to the combination of the focal length of the lens 10 and the tooth structure 22. The law of focal length imaging, when viewing, the far image plane is 10 stops away from the lens, and its imaging pixels have a small opening angle compared to the entire stop, that is, the beam coverage area cannot cover both eyes of the viewer at the same time, and can provide the viewer with Provides images with parallax. Since the near image plane is closer to the 10th stop of the lens, its imaging pixels have a larger opening angle with respect to the whole stop surface, and the light beam coverage area is larger, which will result in the inability to effectively separate the eyes of the viewer and provide an image with parallax. But when lens 10 aperture place is provided with the multi-focus film layer 20 that two subregions 23 are spliced and formed, the outgoing light beam of near image surface will be divided into many parts, and the human eye is in any one light beam that is divided into many parts to cover A complete close-up image can be seen at any time in the area.

As shown in Figure 10, the rectangular multi-focus film layer 20 is formed by splicing two square sub-areas 23. When the imaging light beam of the near image reaches the two sub-areas 23, it will be bent in two directions respectively to realize reduction. The small beam angle can reduce the divergence angle of the near image, so that the near image can also provide images with parallax.

It should be noted that the lower sub-region 23 in FIG. 10 corresponds to the area in the box on the left side of the Fresnel film layer in FIG. 9; the upper sub-region 23 in FIG. 10 corresponds to the Fresnel layer in FIG. In the area in the box on the upper side of the film layer, the two sub-areas 23 are directly fabricated instead of selected from the entire Fresnel film layer. This setting makes the light beam be divided into two beams after passing through the multi-focus film layer 20 formed by the two sub-regions 23 , and point to two directions in space respectively. There is a right angle between the arrangement directions of the plurality of tooth structures 22 in the two sub-regions 23 .

As shown in Fig. 10, Fig. 11a, Fig. 11b, Fig. 11c and Fig. 11d, there are tooth-shaped structures 22 and planar structures 21 respectively in the two sub-regions 23 in the figure. When a pixel is lit on the object surface, the light beam passes through two After the sub-regions 23 are refracted, three beams of light are emitted, and when the eyes look through the three beams of light, they will see the images of the pixels in three different positions. For example, if the arrangement directions of the multiple tooth structures 22 in the two sub-regions 23 are at right angles, the imaging positions thereof will also have a 90° phase. As shown in Figure 11, taking lighting up three pixels as an example, c0, D0, and E0 are the image points of the three pixels combined with the lens 10 through the planar structure 21 in the two areas respectively, and these three image points are located at In the far image plane, c1, D1, and E1 are three pixels formed by combining the lens 10 and the tooth-shaped structure 22 on the upper sub-area 23 in FIG. The image point formed by the combination of the lens 10 and the tooth-shaped structure 22 in the lower sub-region 23 in FIG. 10 . The effective aperture for far image point imaging is a combined area of two sub-areas 23 , and the effective aperture for near image point imaging is one of the two sub-areas 23 , so as to reduce the divergence angle of the outgoing beam for near image point imaging. In this application, the alignment directions of the plurality of tooth structures 22 in the two sub-regions 23 form a right angle, that is, the difference of 90 degrees between the two sub-regions 23 is just an example, and the phase difference can be other values. If the phase difference is at another angle, the mapping of all the image points is a polygon.

As shown in Figure 11a to Figure 11d, when the eye is in the pixel beam corresponding to point K in the figure, the c0 pixel and the superimposed pixel K of D1+E2 can be seen on the two image planes, where the effective aperture of c0 It is a combination of two sub-regions 23 , and the effective apertures of D1 and E2 are respectively the upper sub-region 23 and the lower sub-region 23 in FIG. 10 .

As shown in FIG. 12 , there is an acute angle between the arrangement directions of the plurality of tooth-like structures 22 in the two sub-regions 23 . Since one eye is within the spot where K point is located, and the other eye is within the radius of K around the pupil distance, considering the problem of eye distribution and brightness, this application also proposes multiple tooth-shaped In the case where the arrangement directions of the structures 22 form an acute angle, optionally, the acute angle is 60 degrees.

As shown in Figure 13a, Figure 13b, Figure 13c, and Figure 13d, a is a lighted pixel, and there will be pixels on both the far image plane and the near image plane; Image point, b is the interference pixel, and some red points are interference pixels. It can be seen from the figure that each interference pixel is at the same distance from the target pixel, which can ensure that the brightness of the target pixel on the image surface is consistent, and the other eye of the observer can at any azimuth of the pixel of interest.

Point a in Fig. 13a is the image point of the planar structure 21 of the multi-focus film layer spliced into two sub-regions in Fig. 12 by lighting up pixels, on the far image plane; The image point behind the structure 22 is on the near image plane.

Point a in Fig. 13b is the image point of the planar structure 21 of the multi-focus film layer spliced by two sub-regions in Fig. 12 by another lighted pixel, on the far image plane; The image point after the pixel passes through the tooth structure 22 is on the near image plane.

Point a in Figure 13c is the image of the planar structure 21 of the multi-focus film layer spliced by another lighted pixel through the two sub-regions in Figure 12, on the far image plane; points b and c are the lighted pixels passing through The image point behind the tooth-like structure 22 is on the near image plane.

Figure 13d maps the near image surface and the far image surface to the same plane and their relative positional relationship, where point a is the three illuminated pixels in Figure 13a, Figure 13b and Figure 13c spliced by the two sub-regions in Figure 12 The position of the image point of the planar structure 21 of the multi-focus film layer, point b is a part of the image point of the three lighted pixels after passing through the tooth-shaped structure 22 .

Assuming that the center pixel in Figure 13d is the position of the target display image point, there are interfering pixels on both the near image plane and the far image plane, so it is necessary to control the distance between the spliced multi-focus film layer and the optical axis and the relative angle between the two. Under the premise of ensuring that the relative position of each image point is consistent and the brightness of the target pixel on the image surface is consistent, ensure that the observer's eyes are at any azimuth angle of the target pixel, so that the eyes can interfere with each other, that is, when one eye sees the target pixel, the other The eye does not see interfering pixels. Because the pixels are imaged to multiple positions by the two sub-regions 23, in order to keep the viewer’s eyes from being confused, that is, to see only one image of the pixel, it is necessary to meet the requirement that the included angle θ of the pixel beam splitting be greater than the pupil of the human eye at the nearest viewing position L The distance d is from the opening angle of the lens, which satisfies: θ>atan(d/L). When looking at the image point through the display device, due to the existence of distortion of the lens 10, the graphics composed of pixels will be deformed at different viewing angles. For example, the pixels arranged in a square form a square at the position of the optical axis of the lens 10. The image is still Square, but when viewed away from the optical axis, the image composed of pixels arranged in a square will be deformed. In order to avoid image distortion seen by the viewer at different positions, the display device of this application can be corrected by software in combination with eye tracking, and the appropriate pixels can be selected. For display, for example, when viewing off the optical axis, you can select the appropriate pixels to see a non-distorted image, such as selecting non-square arranged pixels to see a square image.

Of course, the above two sub-regions 23 can also be two sub-regions 23 selected from the complete Fresnel film layer, and the two sub-regions 23 are arranged at an acute angle or a right angle on the Fresnel film layer, that is to say, the two sub-regions 23 As for the connection line to the center position of the Fresnel film layer, the angle between the two connection lines is 60 degrees or 90 degrees, which can be selected according to the actual situation.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, there are one or more grating film layers, and when there are multiple grating film layers, the multiple grating film layers include a first grating film layer 30 and a second grating film layer 40, the first grating film layer The film layer 30 has a plurality of first prisms 32 arranged in sequence along the first direction; the second grating film layer 40 has a plurality of second prisms 41 arranged along the second direction, and there is a gap between the first direction and the second direction. angle, the included angle is a right angle. A plurality of first prisms 32 on the first grating film layer 30 are arranged at intervals to form a first plane area 31 between two adjacent first prisms 32, and the first prisms 32 include at least one plane area inclined to the first plane area 31. The first beam expanding surface 321 provided; a plurality of second prisms 41 on the second grating film layer 40 are arranged at intervals to form a second plane area between two adjacent second prisms 41, and the second prisms 41 include at least A second beam expanding surface inclined to the second plane area, the first grating film layer 30 is located between the second grating film layer 40 and the multi-focus film layer 20 .

In one embodiment, the beam expanding surface includes a first beam expanding surface 321; in one embodiment, the beam expanding surface includes a second beam expanding surface.

As shown in Figure 14, the first prism 32 also includes a first plane section 322, the first beam expanding surface 321 is obliquely arranged with the first plane section 322, and the first beam expanding surface 321 is an arc surface; the second prism 41 also includes a first beam expanding surface 321 Two plane sections, the second beam expanding surface and the second plane section are arranged obliquely, and the second beam expanding surface is an arc surface. Since the imaging beam of the pixel light passes through the multi-focus film layer 20 and the lens 10, its imaging beam is incident on the grating film layer in multiple directions, and the light beam emitted by each pixel to the grating film layer has a certain divergence angle. After the slope of the grating film layer, that is, the first beam expanding surface 321 and the second beam expanding surface, the divergence angle will be enlarged according to the law of refraction. Seriously, the light spot covers both eyes within the designed viewing distance. The refraction surface of the grating film layer in this application is set to have a certain curvature K during production, and the first beam expander surface 321 and the second beam expander surface are set to arc surfaces. An appropriate curvature K is designed so that when the pixel beam passes through the grating film, the beam angle changes little or does not change. The size of the pixel spot does not cover both eyes within the designed viewing distance, ensuring that the human eye can see the parallax image.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned first plane segment 322 is parallel to the first plane region 31 , and two sides of the first plane segment 322 respectively have a first beam expanding surface 321 . The second plane section is parallel to the second plane area, and two sides of the second plane section respectively have a second beam expanding surface.

Optionally, the cross section of the first prism 32 is trapezoidal, and the surface formed by the two waists of the trapezoid is the first beam expanding surface 321; the cross section of the second prism 41 is trapezoidal, and the surface formed by the two waists of the trapezoid is the first beam expanding surface 321; Two beam expanders. The first prism 32 is located on the surface of the first grating film layer 30 away from the multi-focus film layer 20 , and the second prism 41 is located on the surface of the second grating film layer 40 away from the first grating film layer 30 . As shown in Figure 5, the function of the first grating film layer 30 is to open the light beam incident on it in a dimension perpendicular to its linear dimension, and the function of the second grating film layer 40 is to split the first grating film layer 30 in one dimension The light beams are opened again in its vertical dimension, such as a light beam passing through the first grating film layer 30 is divided into three beams on the X axis, and the three beams of light are respectively directed to three directions in space. When the three beams of light pass through the second grating film layer 40 , the three beams of light will be divided into three beams again, that is, 9 beams of light will be emitted, and finally one beam of light will be divided into 9 beams and emitted in 9 directions. That is to say, when a sub-pixel is lit, the sub-pixel can be seen in 9 directions in space. Since the divergence angle of each beam of light is very small, when the human eye is used to track, the non-target beam will affect the viewer The probability is very small. In order to make the luminance of each outgoing light beam the same, when designing the first grating film layer 30 and the second grating film layer 40 in the present application, the plurality of first beam expanding surfaces 321 in the first grating film layer 33 are in the first plane area 31 The size of the projection on the first plane area 31 is equal to the size of the projection of the first beam expander surface 321 on the first plane area 31; of course, a plurality of second beam expanders in the second grating film layer The size of the projection of the beam surface on the second plane area is equal, and the projection of the second beam expanding surface on the second plane area is equal to the size of the second plane area.

It should be noted that, when the above-mentioned beam expander optical film is actually used, due to the small thickness of each layer in the beam expander optical film, the position between the multi-focus film layer 20, the first grating film layer 30 and the second grating film layer 40 Adjustments can be made without affecting the overall beam expander optical film performance.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the first prism 32 with a trapezoidal cross section can divide the incident light beams into three beams and output them in three directions.

It should be noted that the parameters of the above-mentioned first grating film layer 30 and the second grating film layer 40 are the same, and the dimensions are matched.

In one embodiment, there is one grating film layer, that is to say, only the first grating film layer 30 or the second grating film layer 40 can be provided, so that a beam of light is divided into three beams through the grating film layer Light is transmitted in three directions.

In one embodiment, the angle between the first direction and the second direction is an acute angle, and the angle between the first direction and the second direction can be set according to actual needs.

In one embodiment, the cross section of the first prism 32 is triangular, and the cross section of the second prism 41 is triangular.

In one embodiment, the first prism has four first face segments arranged continuously along the first direction, two adjacent first face segments are arranged at an angle, and there are at least two first face segments among the four first face segments A beam expanding surface segment; wherein, the four first surface segments are all straight surface segments; or the four first surface segments are arc surface segments; or two of the four first surface segments are straight surface segments, The other two first surface segments are arc surface segments, and among the four first surface segments, the surface shapes of the two first surface segments in the middle are the same, and the two first surface segments at both ends have the same surface shape. That is to say, when the two first face segments in the middle are straight face segments, the two first face segments at both ends are arc face segments; when the two first face segments in the middle are arc face segments, the two first face segments at both ends are arc face segments The first face segment is a straight face segment.

In one embodiment, the second prism has four second face segments arranged continuously along the second direction, two adjacent second face segments are arranged at an angle, and there are at least two second face segments among the four second face segments Two beam expander surface segments; wherein, the four second surface segments are all straight surface segments; or the four second surface segments are all arc surface segments; or two of the four second surface segments are straight surface segments, The other two second surface segments are arc surface segments, and among the four second surface segments, the surface shapes of the two middle second surface segments are the same, and the surface shapes of the two second surface segments at both ends are the same. That is to say, when the two second face segments in the middle are straight face segments, the two second face segments at both ends are arc face segments; when the two second face segments in the middle are arc face segments, the two second face segments at both ends are arc face segments The second face segment is a straight face segment.

As shown in FIG. 6 , the cross section of the first prism 32 is not trapezoidal; the cross section of the second prism 41 is not trapezoidal. The first prism 32 has five first face segments arranged continuously along the first direction, and an angle is set between two adjacent first face segments, at least one first plane segment 322 is provided in the five first face segments, five The first surface segment also has a first beam expanding surface segment 323 which is obliquely arranged relative to the first plane segment 322 . Both sides of the first plane segment 322 have two first beam expander segments 323 respectively. The two first beam expanding surface sections 323 on one side are straight sections; or, as shown in FIG. 15 , the two first beam expanding surface sections 323 are arc surface sections; or the two first beam expanding surface sections One of the first beam expanding surface segments is a straight segment, and the other first beam expanding segment is an arc segment. It should be noted that the surface segments on both sides of the first plane segment 322 are arranged symmetrically.

The second prism 41 has five second face segments arranged continuously along the second direction, and an angle is set between two adjacent second face segments, at least one second plane segment is provided in the five second face segments, and five second face segments are arranged at an angle. The second surface section also has a second beam expander surface section which is inclined relative to the second plane section. There are two second beam expander surface sections on both sides of the second plane section respectively. The two second beam expander sections on one side are both straight sections; or the two second beam expander sections are both curved sections; or one of the two second beam expander sections is a straight section segment, and the other second beam expander segment is an arc segment. It should be noted that the surface segments on both sides of the second plane segment are arranged symmetrically.

As shown in FIG. 15 , from the perspective of the two first beam expander surface segments 323 on one side of the first plane segment 322 , when the inclination angle of the first beam expander surface segment 323 away from the first plane segment 322 is not too large, it is closer to the first beam expander surface segment 323 . When the inclination angle of the first beam expanding surface section 323 of a plane section 322 is relatively large, the first beam expanding surface section 323 away from the first plane section 322 can be made into a straight section, that is, one side of the first plane section 322 is far away from the first beam expanding surface section 323. The direction of the plane segment 322 is an arc segment and a straight segment in turn.

Since the first prism 32 has five facets, one beam of light is divided into five beams after passing through the first prism 32 and transmitted in five directions, thereby effectively increasing the coverage of the beam and satisfying viewing angles.

It should be noted that the number of first surface segments on the first prism 32 may be five, and the number of second surface segments on the second prism 41 may be five. It can be multiple, the number of the first surface segment and the number of the second surface segment can be designed according to the actual situation, so that a beam of light is divided into more sub-beams, pointing to more spaces, and satisfying a large viewing angle watch.

The display device includes a dense display device, a lens 10 and the above-mentioned beam expanding optical film, and the dense display device is one; the lens 10 is arranged on one side of the dense display device, and the lens 10 is one; the beam expanding optical film is arranged on the lens 10 away from the dense display side of the device. By arranging the beam expander optical film, the viewing angle of the display device is effectively expanded, and the viewing angle is expanded by more than 3 times. At the same time, the display device can provide two or more display layers, providing viewers with not only binocular parallax and moving parallax, but also convergent focus display information, realizing a 3D display effect.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned display device is a tensor pixel. Tensor is a multiple linear map defined on the Cartesian product of vector space or dual space, and its coordinates are in |n| dimensional space, a quantity with |n| components, each of which is a coordinate function, and during coordinate transformation, these components are also linearly transformed according to certain rules. As for the tensor pixel, it refers to the pixel unit formed by an array of independently controllable display devices, which are imaged on different planes in space after passing through optical components. In other words, the tensor pixel is a pixel unit in the three-dimensional coordinate space. At this time, different pixels are not only located in different positions in the two-dimensional plane space, but also in the vertical space. Therefore, by the tensor Pixels can form a 3D image frame. Here, the tensor pixel can be a virtual image or a real image formed by optical components.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned dense display device may be a microLED or other types of displays.

The multi-directional beam expanding optical film includes a grating film layer, and one side surface of the grating film layer has at least a planar area and a beam expanding surface inclined to the planar area, so that the light sequentially passing through the grating film layer can be displayed in multiple directions; There are multiple grating film layers, and the multiple grating film layers include a first grating film layer 30 and a second grating film layer 40. The first grating film layer 30 has a plurality of first prisms 32 arranged in sequence along the first direction; The grating film layer 40 has a plurality of second prisms 41 arranged along the second direction, and there is an included angle between the first direction and the second direction, and the included angle is a right angle. A plurality of first prisms 32 are arranged at intervals to form a first planar area 31 between two adjacent first prisms 32, and the first prisms 32 include at least one first beam expanding surface 321 obliquely arranged with the first planar area 31 A plurality of second prisms 41 are arranged at intervals to form a second plane area between two adjacent second prisms 41, and the second prism 41 includes at least one second beam expanding surface inclined to the second plane area. The cross section of the first prism 32 is trapezoidal or triangular; the cross section of the second prism 41 is trapezoidal or triangular.

It should be noted that the angle between the first direction and the second direction may also be an acute angle.

Optionally, the first prism has four first face segments arranged continuously along the first direction, two adjacent first face segments are arranged at an angle, and at least two of the four first face segments have first expanding Beam surface segments; wherein, the four first surface segments are all straight face segments; or the four first face segments are arc surface segments; or at least two of the four first face segments are straight face segments, at least The two first face segments are arc face segments. The second prism has four second surface segments arranged continuously along the second direction, two adjacent second surface segments are arranged at an angle, and there are at least two second beam expanding surface segments among the four second surface segments; Among them, the four second surface segments are all straight face segments; or the four second face segments are arc surface segments; or at least two of the four second face segments are straight face segments, and at least the other two second face segments are The dihedral segment is an arc segment.

Optionally, the first prism has five first surface segments arranged continuously along the first direction, two adjacent first surface segments are arranged at an angle, and there is at least one first plane segment among the five first surface segments , among the five first surface segments, there is also a first beam expander surface segment that is inclined relative to the first plane segment, and one side of the first plane segment has at least two first beam expander surface segments; wherein, the two first The beam expander sections are all straight sections; or the two first beam expander sections are both curved sections; or one of the two first beam expander sections is a straight section, and the other first beam expander section The beam segment is an arc segment. The second prism has five second face segments arranged continuously along the second direction, and an angle is set between two adjacent second face segments, at least one second plane segment is provided in the five second face segments, and the five second face segments are arranged at an angle. The second plane section also has a second beam expander section inclined relative to the second plane section, and one side of the second plane section has at least two second beam expander section; wherein, the two second beam expander section Both are straight surface segments; or the two second beam expander surface segments are arc surface segments; or one of the two second beam expander surface segments is a straight surface segment, and the other second beam expander surface segment is arc segment. The vector pixel includes a dense display device, a lens 10 and the above-mentioned multi-directional beam expanding optical film, and the dense display device is one; the lens 10 is arranged on one side of the dense display device, and the lens 10 is one; the multi-directional beam expanding optical film is arranged on the lens 10 away from the side of the dense display device, the first grating film layer 30 is arranged between the second grating film layer 40 and the lens 10 . Since the vector pixel of the present application does not have a multi-focus film layer 20, it cannot realize 3D display, but can only realize 2D flat display, that is to say, there is only one display layer, which can provide viewers with a light field display of binocular parallax and moving parallax .

The vector pixel meets the following conditions: 1. The point light source has a narrow beam. Compared with a larger display scale, it can be approximated as a point-emitting light source (for example, the light source only occupies less than one ten-thousandth of the display area), and most of the light beams emitted to the space have the following properties: If the light intensity drops to this 50% of the maximum light intensity of the beam is the boundary of the beam, with the light source as the center, the minimum spatial spherical angle that can include all boundaries is less than 10 degrees. 2. It can support not less than 100 directions that can be distinguished to project the above-mentioned light beams. 3. The above beams can be emitted to two or more directions at the same time. 4. The brightness of the above-mentioned light beams supports at least 16 adjustable levels.

It should be noted that the terminology used here is only for describing specific embodiments. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural, and it should also be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they mean There are features, steps, operations, means, components and/or combinations thereof.

It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" in the description and claims of the present application and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, but not necessarily used to describe a specific sequence or sequence. It is to be understood that the data so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein can be practiced in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.

Applying the technical solution of this application, the beam expander optical film includes a multi-focus film layer and a grating film layer, the grating film layer is located on the light-emitting side of the multi-focus film layer, and the surface of the grating film layer away from the multi-focus film layer has at least a plane area And the beam expander surface inclined to the plane area, so that the light emitted by the pixel can be imaged on multiple planes through the multi-focus film layer and the grating film layer sequentially, and the image of the pixel can be seen in multiple directions.

By setting the multi-focus film layer, the multi-focus film layer has multiple focal lengths, so that the multi-focus film layer can realize the display of multiple focal planes, so that the user can observe images with parallax at least in two depth planes, so that To achieve the effect of three-dimensional display. At the same time, the multi-focus film layer has the advantage of being lighter and thinner, which effectively reduces the overall weight of the multi-focus film layer and ensures the miniaturization of the beam expander optical film. On the side surface of the grating film layer far away from the multi-focus film layer, there are at least a plane area and a beam expanding surface inclined to the plane area. By setting the beam expanding surface, the beam expanding surface can expand a beam of light into multiple beams of light, and then The multiple beams of light can be transmitted in multiple directions, so that the multiple beams of light can point to more spaces, so as to achieve the function of increasing the viewing angle, increase the viewing range of the user, and improve the user experience. The beam expander optical film combines the multi-focus film layer and the grating film layer, so that the light emitted by the pixel can be imaged on multiple planes after passing through the multi-focus film layer and the grating film layer in sequence, and can be seen in multiple directions The pixel image to achieve a large viewing angle and multi-dimensional display effect.

In addition, by setting a multi-focus film layer, it can solve the problem of convergence and focus of the human eye in the depth direction, avoid the risk of visual fatigue during use, ensure user satisfaction, and at the same time ensure the display effect and imaging quality.

Claims

A beam expanding optical film, comprising:

Multi-focus film layer (20);

A grating film layer, the grating film layer is located on the light-emitting side of the multi-focus film layer (20), and the surface of the grating film layer away from the multi-focus film layer (20) at least has a plane area and is compatible with the multi-focus film layer (20). The beam expander surface arranged obliquely in the plane area, so that the light emitted by the pixel can be imaged on multiple planes through the multi-focus film layer (20) and the grating film layer sequentially, and the image of the pixel can be imaged on multiple planes. direction is seen.
The beam expander optical film according to claim 1, wherein, the side surface of the multi-focus film layer (20) facing the grating film layer has at least a planar structure (21) and a toothed structure (22), so as to Make the multi-focus film layer (20) form multiple focuses.
The beam expander optical film according to claim 2, wherein the multi-focus film layer (20) is a Fresnel film layer, and the multi-focus film layer (20) is on the surface facing the side of the grating film layer There are a plurality of annular tooth-like structures (22), the plurality of tooth-like structures (22) are arranged concentrically and have different inner diameters, and the plurality of tooth-like structures (22) are arranged at intervals, so that Said planar structures (21) are formed between the tooth structures (22).
The beam expander optical film according to claim 2, wherein the multi-focus film layer (20) is composed of a plurality of sub-regions (23), and each of the sub-regions (23) has the planar structure (21 ) and the tooth-like structure (22), and the alignment directions of the tooth-like structure (22) and the planar structure (21) in different sub-regions (23) are different.
The beam expander optical film according to claim 4, wherein each of the sub-regions (23) has a plurality of tooth-like structures (22), and the plurality of tooth-like structures (22) are spaced apart It is arranged to form the planar structure (21) between the plurality of tooth-like structures (22), wherein each of the tooth-like structures (22) extends along an arc.
The beam expander optical film according to claim 3, wherein the multi-focus film layer (20) is composed of a plurality of sub-regions (23), and two of the sub-regions (23) are on the Fresnel film layer Arranged at acute or right angles.
The beam expander optical film according to claim 6, wherein there are multiple grating film layers, and the multiple grating film layers include:

A first grating film layer (30), the first grating film layer (30) having a plurality of first prisms (32) arranged along a first direction;

The second grating film layer (40), the second grating film layer (40) has a plurality of second prisms (41) arranged along the second direction, and there is a gap between the first direction and the second direction Angle, the included angle is an acute angle or a right angle.
The beam expander optical film according to claim 7, wherein,

The plurality of first prisms (32) on the first grating film layer (30) are arranged at intervals to form a first planar area (31) between the plurality of first prisms (32), each The first prism (32) includes at least one first beam expanding surface (321) arranged obliquely to the first planar region (31), and the beam expanding surface includes the first beam expanding surface (321);

The plurality of second prisms (41) on the second grating film layer (40) are arranged at intervals to form a second plane area between the plurality of second prisms (41), and each of the second prisms (41) The second prism (41) includes at least one second beam expanding surface inclined to the second plane area, and the beam expanding surface includes the second beam expanding surface;

The first grating film layer (30) is located between the second grating film layer (40) and the multi-focus film layer (20).
The beam expanding optical film according to claim 8, wherein,

Each of the first prisms (32) also includes a first plane section (322), the first beam expanding surface (321) is obliquely arranged with the first plane section (322), and the first beam expanding surface (321) is an arc; and/or

Each of the second prisms (41) further includes a second plane section, the second beam expanding surface is inclined to the second plane section, and the second beam expanding surface is an arc surface.
The beam expander optical film according to claim 7, wherein,

The cross-section of each of the first prisms (32) is trapezoidal or triangular; and/or

The section of each second prism (41) is trapezoidal or triangular.
The beam expander optical film according to claim 7, wherein each of the first prisms (32) has four first face segments arranged continuously along the first direction, two adjacent first face segments Angles are set between the sections, and there are at least two first beam expander surface sections among the four first surface sections; wherein,

the four first face segments are all straight face segments; or

The four first surface segments are arcuate segments; or

Two of the four first surface segments are straight surface segments, and the other two first surface segments are arc surface segments.
The beam expander optical film according to claim 7, wherein,

Each of the second prisms (41) has four second face segments arranged continuously along the second direction, two adjacent second face segments are arranged at an angle, and the four second face segments There are at least two second beam expander segments in the segment; wherein,

the four second face segments are all straight face segments; or

the four second surface segments are arcuate segments; or

Two of the four second surface segments are straight surface segments, and the other two second surface segments are arc surface segments.
The beam expander optical film according to claim 7, wherein,

Each of the first prisms (32) has five first face segments arranged continuously along the first direction, two adjacent first face segments are arranged at an angle, and the five first face segments There is a first plane segment (322) in the segment, and the first beam expander segment (323) is arranged obliquely relative to the first plane segment (322) among the five first segment segments. Each side of a plane section (322) has two said first beam expander surface sections (323); wherein,

The first beam expander section (323) is a straight section; or

The first beam expanding surface segment (323) is an arc segment; or

Among the two first beam expander surface sections (323) on the same side of the first plane section (322), one of the first beam expander surface sections (323) is a straight section, and the other first beam expander surface section (323) is a straight section. The beam expanding surface section (323) is an arc surface section.
The beam expander optical film according to claim 7, wherein,

Each of the second prisms (41) has five second face segments arranged continuously along the second direction, two adjacent second face segments are arranged at an angle, and the five second face segments There is a second plane segment in the segment, and the second beam expander segment is arranged obliquely relative to the second plane segment among the five second plane segments, and each side of the second plane segment has two the second beam expander section; wherein,

The second beam expander sections are all straight sections; or

The second beam expander sections are all arcuate sections; or

Among the two second beam expander surface sections on the same side of the second plane section, one of the second beam expander surface sections is a straight surface section, and the other second beam expander surface section is an arc surface section.
A display device comprising:

Dense display devices;

a lens (10), the lens (10) is arranged on one side of the dense display device;

The beam expanding optical film according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the beam expanding optical film is arranged on a side of the lens (10) away from the dense display device.
A multi-directional beam expanding optical film, comprising:

A grating film layer, one side surface of the grating film layer at least has a plane area and a beam expanding surface inclined to the plane area, so that the light passing through the grating film layer can be displayed in multiple directions; the There are multiple grating film layers, and the multiple grating film layers include:

A first grating film layer (30), the first grating film layer (30) having a plurality of first prisms (32) arranged along a first direction;

The second grating film layer (40), the second grating film layer (40) has a plurality of second prisms (41) arranged along the second direction, and there is a gap between the first direction and the second direction Angle, the included angle is an acute angle or a right angle.
The multidirectional beam expander optical film according to claim 16, wherein,

The plurality of first prisms (32) are arranged at intervals to form a first planar region (31) between the plurality of first prisms (32), and each of the first prisms (32) includes at least one A first beam expanding surface (321) arranged obliquely in the first planar region (31), the beam expanding surface including the first beam expanding surface (321);

The plurality of second prisms (41) are arranged at intervals to form a second plane area between the plurality of second prisms (41), and each of the second prisms (41) includes at least one The second beam expanding surface is obliquely arranged in the two planar regions, and the beam expanding surface includes the second beam expanding surface.
The multidirectional beam expander optical film according to claim 16, wherein,

The cross-section of each of the first prisms (32) is trapezoidal or triangular; and/or

The section of each second prism (41) is trapezoidal or triangular.
The multi-directional beam expanding optical film according to claim 16, wherein each of the first prisms (32) has four first surface segments arranged continuously along the first direction, and two adjacent first prisms Angles are set between the surface segments, and there are at least two first beam expander surface segments among the four first surface segments; wherein,

the four first face segments are all straight face segments; or

The four first surface segments are arcuate segments; or

Two of the four first surface segments are straight surface segments, and the other two first surface segments are arc surface segments.
The multidirectional beam expander optical film according to claim 16, wherein,

Each of the second prisms (41) has four second face segments arranged continuously along the second direction, two adjacent second face segments are arranged at an angle, and the four second face segments There are at least two second beam expander segments in the segment; wherein,

the four second face segments are all straight face segments; or

the four second surface segments are arcuate segments; or

Two of the four second surface segments are straight surface segments, and the other two second surface segments are arc surface segments.
The multidirectional beam expander optical film according to claim 16, wherein,

Each of the first prisms (32) has five first face segments arranged continuously along the first direction, two adjacent first face segments are arranged at an angle, and the five first face segments There is a first plane segment (322) in the segment, and the first beam expander segment (323) is arranged obliquely relative to the first plane segment (322) among the five first segment segments. Each side of a plane section (322) has two said first beam expander surface sections (323); wherein,

The first beam expander section (323) is a straight section; or

The first beam expanding surface segment (323) is an arc segment; or

Among the two first beam expander surface sections (323) on the same side of the first plane section (322), one of the first beam expander surface sections (323) is a straight section, and the other first beam expander section The beam expanding surface section (323) is an arc surface section.
The multidirectional beam expander optical film according to claim 16, wherein,

Each of the second prisms (41) has five second face segments arranged continuously along the second direction, two adjacent second face segments are arranged at an angle, and the five second face segments There is a second plane segment in the segment, and the second beam expander segment is arranged obliquely relative to the second plane segment among the five second plane segments, and each side of the second plane segment has two the second beam expander section; wherein,

The second beam expander sections are all straight sections; or

The second beam expander sections are all arcuate sections; or

Among the two second beam expander surface sections on the same side of the second plane section, one of the second beam expander surface sections is a straight surface section, and the other second beam expander surface section is an arc surface section.