WO2022269429A1

WO2022269429A1 - Multi-step methods of making a high temperature multi-phase material and related materials, compositions and methods of use

Info

Publication number: WO2022269429A1
Application number: PCT/IB2022/055614
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jamal Chaouki; Mohammad LATIFI; Javeed Mohammad; Mitra MIRNEZAMI; Liling JIN
Original assignee: Advanced Potash Technologies, Ltd.; WENDER, Ingo
Priority date: 2021-06-25
Filing date: 2022-06-16
Publication date: 2022-12-29

Abstract

Multi-step methods of making an HTMPM include at least first and second steps. The first step can be performed at relatively low temperature and/or a relatively low pressure. The second step can be performed at a relatively high temperature and/or a relatively low pressure. The first step can be performed in one or more reaction vessels, and the second step can be performed in one or more different reaction vessels. Related materials, compositions and methods of use are also disclosed.

Description

MULTI-STEP METHODS OF MAKING A HIGH TEMPERATURE MULTI-PHASE MATERIAL AND RELATED MATERIALS. COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF

USE

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Application No. 63/214,970, filed on June 25, 2021, the contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Field

The disclosure provides multi-step methods of making a high temperature multi-phase material (HTMPM), as well as related materials, compositions and methods of use.

Background

Single-step methods of making certain multi-phase materials using an autoclave are known.

Summary

The disclosure provides multi-step methods of making an HTMPM, as well as related materials, compositions and methods of use.

The methods of making an HTMPM can be performed with relatively lower capital expenditure and/or relatively lower operating expenditure. In some embodiments, such benefits can be achieved by using relatively inexpensive equipment. As an example, in certain embodiments, the methods of making an HTMPM involve using one or more non-pressurized reactors, such as cement kilns and rotary kiln reactors, as commonly found in a pre-existing cement plant, without using any pressurized reactors, such as an autoclave or a pipe reactor. In general, the methods of making an HTMPM include at least a first step and a second step, although intermediate steps between the first and second steps are possible. The first step is performed at a relatively low temperature (e.g., at most 100°C) and relatively low pressure (e.g., at most two atmospheres), and the second step is performed at a relatively high temperature (e.g., at least 500°C) and relatively low pressure (e.g., at most two atmospheres). As a result, both the first and second steps can be performed in non-pressurized reaction vessels. For example, the second step (relatively high temperature step) can be performed using an existing cement plant with little or no additional investment into or modification to the plant. In some cases, an otherwise idle cement plant can be used for the second step.

In certain embodiments, the first step is performed in one or more reaction vessels, and the second step is performed in one or more different reaction vessels. In general, the first step can be performed with or without agitation, and the second step can be performed with or without agitation.

In embodiments in which the methods of making an HTMPM include one or more intermediate steps between the first and second steps, the methods can include heating to one or more intermediate temperatures between the temperature used in the first step and the temperature used in the second steps. Each intermediate step can include holding the temperature for a period of time. Ultimately, the intermediate step(s) are followed by heating to the temperature used in the second step. In general, there is a transition between the temperature of the first step and the temperature of the second step. As an example, in some embodiments, there is a transition between a temperature of at most 100°C and a temperature of at least 500°C. In some embodiments, the temperature transition is a smooth transition between the temperature used in the first step and the temperature used in the second step. For example, in some embodiments, the temperature monotonically increases in a smooth fashion from the temperature used in the first step to the temperature used in the second step. In certain embodiments, the temperature increases (e.g., monotonically increases) in a step-wise fashion from the temperature used in the first step to the temperature used in the second step. Optionally, a combination of smooth and step-wise temperature transitions can be used for the transition from the temperature used in the first step to the temperature used in the second step. Other types of temperature transitions are also possible.

In general, the pressure used in the first step can be the same as, greater than, or less than the pressure used in the second step. However, as a general matter, the pressure is at most two atmospheres in both the first step and second step. In embodiments in which the method includes one or more intermediate steps between the first and second steps, each intermediate steps is performed at a pressure of at most two atmospheres. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the conditions of the first step can allow for good mass transfer of calcium ions, possibly because calcium oxide (CaO) is more soluble under these conditions, which can allow for an initial reaction between calcium and K- feldspar to produce an intermediate product. Also without being bound by theory, it is believed that the second step (and intermediate steps, if used) can allow for a more efficient mineral transformation of intermediate product to an HTMPM. A multi-step reaction as disclosed herein may allow a cost effective and efficient balance between competing factors, such as mass transfer of calcium ions and rate of HTMPM formation.

In an aspect, the disclosure provides a method of making an HTMPM, including: a) reacting starting materials at a temperature of at most 100°C to form intermediate products; and b) reacting the intermediate products at a temperature of at least 500°C, wherein the method makes the HTMPM.

In some embodiments, a) can be performed at a temperature of at most 90°C (e.g., at most 80°C, at most 70°C, at most 60°C) and/or a temperature of at least 20°C.

In certain embodiments, a) can be performed at a pressure of at most two atmospheres (e.g., at most 1.5 atmospheres, at most one atmosphere) and/or at least 0.9 atmoshpere.

In some embodiments, a) can be performed using a reaction vessel selected from the group including a closed tank, an open tank, a containment vessel, an open evaporation pond, a tubular vessel, a rotating disk, a solid-liquid contactor, and a hydrocyclone.

In certain embodiments, a) can include agitating the starting materials.

In some embodiments, a) does not include agitating the starting materials.

In certain embodiments, a) can be performed for at least 15 minutes (e.g., at least 30 minutes) and/or at most two weeks (e.g., at most one week).

In some embodiments, b) can be performed at a temperature of at least 600°C (e.g., at least 700°C, at least 800°C, at least 900°C, at least 1000°C, at least 1,100°C) and/or a temperature of at most 2,000°C.

In certain embodiments, b) can be performed at a pressure of at most two atmospheres (e.g., at most 1.5 atmospheres, at most one atmosphere) and/or at least 0.9 atmosperhe.

In some embodiments, b) can include agitating the reaction products.

In certain embodiments, b) does not include agitating the reaction products. In some embodiments, b)) can be performed for at least one minute (e.g., at least five minutes) and/or b) can be performed for at most one week (e.g., at most 24 hours).

In certain embodiments, b) can be performed using a reaction vessel selected from the group including cement kilns, rotary kilns, fluidized beds, slurry columns, cyclones, and top submerged lances.

In some embodiments, the method can further include, between a) and b), heating from a temperature of at most 100°C to a temperature of at least 500°C.

In certain embodiments, the method can further include, between a) and b), monotonically increasing the temperature from a temperature of at most 100°C to a temperature of at least 500°C. As an example, between a) and b), the temperature can be smoothly increased from at most 100°C to at least 500°C. As another example, between a) and b), the temperature can be increased in a step-wise fashion from at most 100°C to at least 500°C.

In some embodiments, a) can be performed in a first reaction vessel, and b) can be performed in a second reaction vessel different from the first reaction vessel.

In certain embodiments, a) can be performed in a first plurality of reaction vessels, and b) can be performed in a second plurality of reaction vessels.

In some embodiments, a) includes: al) reacting the starting materials at a first temperature of at most 50°C to form first materials; and a2) after al), reacting the first materials at a second temperature which can be greater than the first temperature to form the intermediate products. As an example, the first temperature can be at least 50°C, and the second temperature can be at most 100°C. As another example, al) can be performed at a temperature of at least 20°C. As a further example, a2) can be performed at a temperature of at least 75°C.

In certain embodiments, the method can further include, after b), drying the products of b). As an example, drying can be performed at a temperature of at least between 25°C. As another example, drying can be performed at a temperature of at most 400°C. As a further example, drying can be performed at a pressure of at least one atmosphere. As an additional example, drying can be performed at a pressure of at most 100 atmospheres.

In some embodiments, the starting materials include a potassic framework silicate ore. In certain embodiments, the starting materials include at least one member selected from the group including K-feldspar, kalsilite, nepheline, phlogopite, muscovite, biotite, trachyte, rhyolite, micas, ultrapotassic syenite, leucite, nepheline syenite, phonolite, fenite, aplite and pegmatite. In some embodiments, the starting materials include K-feldspar.

In certain embodiments, the starting materials include at least one material selected from the group including an oxide, a hydroxide, and a carbonate of at least one of an alkaline earth metal and an alkali metal. In some embodiments, the starting materials include at least two materials selected from the group including an oxide, a hydroxide and a carbonate of at least one of an alkaline earth metal and an alkali metal. In certain embodiments, the starting materials include an oxide, a hydroxide, and a carbonate of at least one of an alkaline earth metal and an alkali metal. The metal can include, for example, at least one member selected from the group including lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K), beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr). In some embodiments, the starting materials include at least one member selected from the group including CaO, Ca(OH)2 and CaCCb.

In certain embodiments, the starting materials are provided in a single batch.

In some embodiments, the starting materials are provided in a step-wise manner.

In certain embodiments, at least one of the following holds: the starting materials include a potassic framework silicate ore and CaO in a molar ratio of Ca:Si of between 0.05 and 4; the starting materials include a potassic framework silicate ore and Ca(OH)2 in a molar ratio of Ca:Si between 0.05 and 4; and the starting materials include a potassic framework silicate ore and CaC0₃ in a molar ratio of Ca:Si between 0.05 and 4.

In some embodiments, the starting materials include water.

In certain embodiments, the starting materials include at least one member selected from the group including KC1, a macronutrient source, a micronutrient source and a source of a beneficial element. The at least one member can include a member selected from the group including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn, Na, Se, Si, Co and V.

In some embodiments, the method can further include, before b), adding to the intermediate products at least one member selected from the group including KC1, a macronutrient source, a micronutrient source and a source of a beneficial element. The at least one member can include a member selected from the group including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn, Na, Se, Si, Co and V. In certain embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least two phases (e.g., at least three phases) selected from the group including albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, and amorphous phase.

In some embodiments, the HTMPM can include albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, and amorphous phase.

In certain embodiments, the HTMPM further can include diopside phase, biotite phase, hydrogrossular phase, plazolite phase, pigeonite phase, and/or leucite phase.

In some embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least 1% by weight of K-feldspar phase, and/or at most 70% by weight of K-feldspar phase.

In certain embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least 0.1% by weight of albite phase, and/or at most 10% by weight of albite phase.

In some embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least 0.1% by weight of biotite phase, and/or at most 5% by weight of biotite phase.

In certain embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least 0.1% by weight of portlandite phase, and/or at most 25% by weight of portlandite phase.

In some embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least 1% by weight of amorphous phase, and/or at most 50% by weight of amorphous phase.

In certain embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least 1% by weight of diopside phase, and/or at most 15% by weight of diopside phase.

In some embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least 1% by weight leucite phase, and/or at most 30% by weight leucite phase.

In certain embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least 0.1% by weight hydrogrossular phase, and/or at most 5% by weight hydrogrossular phase.

In some embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least 0.1% by weight plazolite phase, and/or at most 5% by weight plazolite phase.

In certain embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least 0.1% by weight pigeonite phase, and/or at most 5% by weight pigeonite phase.

In some embodiments, the HTMPM can be substantially free of tobermorite phase, substantially free of hydrogrossular phase, substantially free of plazolite phase, and/or substantially free of dicalcium silicate phase. In certain embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least 0.1% by weight of KC1, and/or at most 99% by weight of KC1.

In some embodiments, the method can further include using the composition as a fertilizer, for soil remediation, to decontaminate soil, to increase crop yield, and/or to improve soil health.

In an aspect, the disclosure provides a method of making an HTMPM, including reacting materials at a temperature of at least 500°C to make the HTMPM.

In an aspect, the disclosure provides an HTMPM, including: leucite phase; and at least two phases selected from the group including albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, and amorphous phase.

In some embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least three phases selected from the group including albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, and amorphous phase.

In certain embodiments, the HTMPM can include albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, and amorphous phase.

In some embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least 1% by weight leucite phase, and/or at most 30% by weight leucite phase. In certain embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least 0.1% by weight hydrogrossular phase, and/or at most 5% by weight hydrogrossular phase.

In some embodiments, the HTMPM can be substantially free of tobermorite phase, substantially free of hydrogrossular phase, substantially free of plazolite phase, and/or substantially free of dicalcium silicate phase.

In certain embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least 0.1% by weight of KC1, and/or at most 99% by weight of KC1.

In an aspect, the disclosure provides a , including: an HTMPM; and a component selected from the group including a KC1, a macronutrient, a micronutrient and a beneficial element.

In some embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least 1% by weight of amorphous phase, and/or at most 50% by weight of amorphous phase. In certain embodiments, the HTMPM can include at least 1% by weight of diopside phase, and/or at most 15% by weight of diopside phase.

In certain embodiments, the component can include at least one member selected from the group including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn, Na, Se, Si, Co and V.

In some embodiments, the composition can be a fertilizer, a soil remediation composition, a soil decontaminate composition, a crop yield increasing composition, and/or a soil health improvement composition.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Illustrative embodiments of the disclosure are provided below with reference to the drawings, in which:

Figure 1 depicts an embodiment of a two-step process.

Figure 2 depicts an embodiment of a process that includes more than two steps.

Figure 3 shows experimental results when varying the temperature for the second step and the residence time at the second step (EXAMPLE 1).

Description of Illustrative Embodiments Figure 1 schematically depicts an embodiment for a two-step process 100 of making an HTMPM. In a first step 102, starting materials are combined in a first reaction vessel and reacted under a first set of conditions for a first period of time to form an intermediate product.

In a second step 104, the intermediate product is disposed in a second reaction vessel and heated under conditions to form the HTMPM.

In general, the starting material includes particles of one or more potassic framework silicates and one or more compounds selected from an alkali metal oxide, an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide, and alkaline earth metal hydroxide, and combinations thereof, followed by contact with water. The starting materials can be added via a continuous process or via a batch process. Contacting the mixture with water can be carried out by any suitable method, such as adding water to the mixture, or by adding the mixture to water, or by sequentially or simultaneously adding the water and mixture to a suitable reaction vessel (see discussion below). In general, any appropriate amount of water can be used. In some embodiments, a weight excess of water relative to the potassic framework silicate starting material is used.

In some embodiments, a potassic framework silicate can be K-feldspar, kalsilite, nepheline, trachyte, rhyolite, ultrapotassic syenite, leucite, nepheline syenite, phonolite, fenite, aplite or pegmatite. Combinations of such potassic framework silicates can be used.

In some embodiments, the one or more compounds selected from an alkali metal oxide, an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide, and alkaline earth metal hydroxide, and combinations thereof include calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more compounds selected from an alkali metal oxide, an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide, and alkaline earth metal hydroxide, and combinations thereof include calcium hydroxide. In some embodiments, the one or more compounds selected from an alkali metal oxide, an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide, and alkaline earth metal hydroxide, and combinations thereof include calcium oxide. In certain embodiments, the one or more compounds selected from an alkali metal oxide, an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide, and alkaline earth metal hydroxide, and combinations thereof include lithium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, rubidium oxide, cesium oxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, and/or cesium hydroxide. In some embodiments, the one or more compounds selected from an alkali metal oxide, an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide, and alkaline earth metal hydroxide, and combinations thereof include magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, beryllium oxide, strontium oxide, radium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, beryllium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, and/or radium hydroxide.

In some embodiments, the mixture includes a calcium-bearing compound and a silicon bearing compound. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the ratio of the calcium- containing material (i.e., CaO, Ca(OH)2, CaCCb, (Ca,Mg)CC>3, and combinations thereof) to the silicon bearing material (i.e., potassium framework silicate) can be used to modulate the mineralogy, extraction, buffering capacity, as well as other properties of the composition (e.g., an HTMPM:KC1 composition). In some embodiments, the Ca:Si ratio is at least 0.05 and/or at most 4.

As noted above, the starting material can be in the form of coarser and/or finer particles. The particles can be formed by any appropriate process, such as, for example, co-grinding or separately comminuting using methods known in the art, such as crushing, milling, etc. of dry or slurried materials, for example using jaw-crushers, gyratory crushers, cone crushers, ball mills, micronizing mills, rod mills or the like. The resulting mixture can be sized as desired, via sieves, screens, etc. known in the art. In some embodiments, the particles have a mean particle size of from one nanometer to two millimeters.

Generally, the first step 102 is performed at a temperature of at most 100°C (e.g., at most 90°C, at most 80°C, at most 70°C, at most 60°C, at most 50°C) and/or at least 20°C (e.g., at least 25°C, at least 30°C, at least 35°C, at least 40°C ), including ranges therebetween.

In general, the first step 102 is performed at a pressure of most two atmospheres (e.g., at most 1.8 atmospheres, at most 1.5 atmospheres) and/or at least 0.9 atmosphere (e.g., at least one atmosphere, at least 1.1 atmospheres), including ranges therebetween.

In some embodiments, the first step 102 is performed for at least one minute (e.g., at least 15 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least one hour, at least 10 hours, at least one day, at least two days) and/or at most two weeks (e.g., at most one week, at most six days, at most five days, at most three days), including ranges therebetween. However, in certain embodiments, the time period used for the first step can be different. As an example, if using an evaporation pond (e.g., in a relatively hot and dry environment, such as a desert), the first step can be performed for longer than two weeks (e.g., at least one month). Generally, the first step 102 can be performed with or without agitation. In an embodiment involving agitation, any appropriate agitation mechanism may be used. Illustrative examples of agitation mechanisms include impellors, mixers, agitators and baffles.

In some embodiments, the first step 102 is performed in a single reaction vessel. In certain embodiments, the first step 102 is performed in a plurality of reaction vessels. Examples of reaction vessels that can be used in the first step 102 include closed tanks, open tanks, containment vessels, open evaporation ponds, tubular vessels such as pipes and rotating drums, rotating disks, solid-liquid contactors such as solid-liquid fluidized beds and hydrocyclones.

In certain embodiments, the first step 102 can include two or more sub steps. The sub steps can include reacting the starting materials at a first temperature to form first materials, followed by heating to react the first materials into the intermediate products. The first temperature can be, for example, at most 50°C (e.g., between 20°C and 50°C), and the second temperature can be, for example, at most 100°C (e.g., between 50°C and 100°C).

In general, the second step 104 involves heating to convert the intermediate materials to the HTMPM. In some embodiments, the second step 104 includes using a temperature of at least 500°C (e.g., at least 600°C, at least 700°C, at least 800°C, at least 900°C, at least 1,000°C, at least 1,100°C, at least 1,200°C, at least 1,300°C, at least 1,400°C, at least 1,500°C) and/or at most 2,000°C (e.g., at most 1,900°C, at most 1,800°C, at most 1,700°C, at most 1,600°C, at most 1,500°C, at most 1,400°C, at most 1,300°C, at most 1,200°C, at most 1,100°C, at most 1,000°C), including ranges therebetween.

Generally, the second step 104 is performed at a pressure of most two atmospheres (e.g., at most 1.8 atmospheres, at most 1.5 atmospheres) and/or at least 0.9 atmosphere (e.g., at least one atmosphere, at least 1.1 atmospheres), including ranges therebetween.

Typically, the second step 104 is performed for at least one minute (e.g., at least five minutes, at least 15 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least one hour, at least 10 hours, at least one day, at least two days) and/or at most two weeks (e.g., at most one week, at most six days, at most five days, at most three days), including ranges there between.

The second step 104 may be performed with or without agitation.

In some embodiments, the second step 104 is performed in a single reaction vessel, which may be different from the one or more reaction vessels used in the first step 102. In certain embodiments, the second step 104 is performed in a plurality of reaction vessels. One or more of the reaction vessels used in the second step 104 may be different from the one or more reaction vessels used in the first step 102. Any reaction vessel appropriate for the used conditions can be implemented in the second step 104. Examples of reaction vessels that can be used in the second step 104 include cement kilns, rotary kilns, fluidized beds, slurry columns, cyclones, and top submerged lances.

Figure 2 depicts a method 200 that includes a first step 202 (e.g., similar to that described above with respect to step 102) and a second step 204 (e.g., similar to that described above with respect to step 204). However, the method 200 further includes an additional step 203, which occurs between steps 202 and 204. The step 203 typically involves heating to achieve a temperature between the temperature used in step 202 and the temperature used in step 204, and holding this intermediate temperature for a period of time. In some embodiments, the step 203 includes holding the temperature between at least 50°C (e.g., at least 60°C, at least 75°C, at least 90°C, at least 100°C ) and at most 2,000°C (e.g., at most 350°C, at most 300°C, at most 290°C, at most 280°C, at most 270°C, at most 250°C, at most 240°C). This temperature can be held for a period of time as desired (e.g., at least 10 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least one hour, at least 10 hours) and/or at most two days (e.g., at most one day, at most 20 hours). In some embodiments, the step 203 is performed using the same or similar pressure conditions as used in the step 204. In certain embodiments, the step 203 is performed using a pressure that is intermediate between the pressure used for the step 202 and the pressure used for the step 204. Generally, the step 203 can be performed with or without agitation. The step 203 is typically performed using the same reaction vessel(s) that are used in the step 204, although it is an option to use one or more different reaction vessels for the step 203 compared to the step 204. In some embodiments, the step 203 is performed using the same reaction vessel(s) as used in the step 204.

While Figure 2 depicts a single intermediate step 203 between the first step 202 and the second step 204, there can be a transition between the conditions of the first step 202 and the second step 204. Thus, it is possible to have more than one intermediate step (e.g., more than two intermediate steps, more than five intermediate steps, more than 10 intermediate steps, more than 100 intermediate steps) between the first step 202 and the second step 204. As an example, in some embodiments, there is a transition (involving more than one intermediate temperature) between a temperature at least 20°C (e.g., at least 30°C, at least 40°C, at least 50°C) and at most 2,000°C (e.g., at most 1,900°C, at most 1,800°C, at most 1,700°C, at most 1,600°C, at most 1,500°C). In some embodiments, the temperature transition between the first step 202 and the second step 204 is a smooth transition between the temperature of the first step 202 and the temperature of the second step 204. In some embodiments, the transition of the temperature is monotonic, e.g., a monotonic increase in temperature. In certain embodiments, the temperature transition is a step-wise transition, e.g., a step-wise increase in temperature. Other types of transitions are also possible. Generally, the minimum temperature of an intermediate step 203 between the steps 202 and 204 is greater than the temperature is used in the first step 202, and the maximum temperature of an intermediate step 203 is less than the temperature used in the second step 204. In general, the first step 202, the second step 204, and all intermediate steps are performed at a pressure of at most two atmospheres. In embodiments in which the pressure used in the first step 202 and the second step 204 differ, there can be a transition in the pressure during the intermediate step(s) (e.g., a smooth transition in pressure, a step-wise transition pressure, a monotonic transition pressure).

Usually, the product of the second step (HTMPM) is dry. However, if appropriate, a drying step can be performed after the second step. In some embodiments, such a drying step can be carried out under ambient temperature (e.g., by allowing the supernatant water to evaporate). In certain embodiments, the drying step is carried out at of at least 25°C (e.g., at least 50°C, at least 75°C) and/or at most 400°C (e.g., at most 300°C, at most 200°C, at most 150°C), including ranges therebetween. In some embodiments, drying is performed at a pressure of at most 100 atmospheres (e.g., at most 50 atmospheres, at most 25 atmospheres, at most 10 atmospheres) and/or at least one atmosphere (e.g., at least two atmospheres), including ranges therebetween. In some embodiments, drying is performed under an inert atmosphere or under a reactive atmosphere. An inert atmosphere can include, for example a noble gas (e.g., Ar) or N2. Examples of reactive atmospheres include air, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, or ammonia. Mixtures of various gases may be used. Generally, the drying step can occur with or without agitation. In certain embodiments, the drying step is performed for a duration of one minute to two days (e.g., one hour to one day).

In general, an HTMPM includes at least two phases (e.g., at least three phases) selected from albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, and amorphous phase. In some embodiments, an HTMPM includes albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, and amorphous phase. In certain embodiments, an HTMPM further includes diopside phase, biotite phase, hydrogrossular phase, plazolite phase, pigeonite phase, and/or leucite phase. In some embodiments, an HTMPM includes albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, amorphous phase and biotite phase. In certain embodiments, an HTMPM includes albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, amorphous phase, biotite phase, hydrogrossular phase and plazolite phase. In some embodiments, an HTMPM includes albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, amorphous phase, biotite phase, hydrogrossular phase, plazolite phase and diopside phase. In certain embodiments, an HTMPM includes albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, amorphous phase, biotite phase and diopside phase. In some embodiments, an HTMPM includes albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase and diopside phase. In certain embodiments, an HTMPM includes albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, diopside phase and leucite phase. In some embodiments, an HTMPM includes albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, diopside phase, leucite phase and pigeonite phase. In certain embodiments, an HTMPM includes albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, leucite phase and pigeonite phase. In some embodiments, an HTMPM includes albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase and leucite phase. In certain embodiments, an HTMPM includes albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase and pigeonite phase. In any of the foregoing embodiments, an HTMPM can be substantially free of tobermorite phase, substantially free of hydrogrossular phase, substantially free of plazolite phase, and/or substantially free of dicalcium silicate phase.

In some embodiments, an HTMPM includes at least 1% by weight (e.g., at least 10% by weight, at least 20% by weight, at least 30% by weight, at least 40% by weight) of K-feldspar phase and/or at most 70% by weight (e.g., at most 65% by weight, at most 60% by weight, at most 50% by weight) of K-feldspar phase, including ranges therebetween.

In certain embodiments, an HTMPM includes at least 0.1% by weight (e.g., at least 0.5% by weight, at least 1% by weight, at least 4% by weight, at least 5% by weight) of albite phase and/or at most 10% by weight (e.g., at most 9% by weight, at most 8% by weight, at most 7% by weight) of albite phase, including ranges therebetween.

In some embodiments, an HTMPM includes at least 0.1% by weight (e.g., at least 0.2% by weight, at least 0.3% by weight, at least 0.4% by weight, at least 0.5% by weight, at least 0.6% by weight, at least 0.7% by weight) of biotite phase and/or at most 5% by weight (e.g., at most 4% by weight, at most 3% by weight, at most 2% by weight, at most 1% by weight) of biotite phase, including ranges therebetween. In certain embodiments, an HTMPM includes at least 0.1% by weight (e.g., at least 1% by weight, at least 4% by weight, at least 5% by weight, at least 7% by weight, at least 9% by weight, at least 10% by weight) of portlandite phase and/or at most 25% by weight (e.g., at most 20% by weight, at most 15% by weight, at most 12% by weight, at most 11% by weight) of portlandite phase, including ranges therebetween.

In some embodiments, an HTMPM includes at least 1% by weight (e.g., at least 5% by weight, at least 10% by weight, at least 13% by weight, at least 14% by weight, at least 15% by weight, at least 25% by weight, at least 35% by weight) of amorphous phase and/or at most 50% by weight (e.g., at most 40% by weight, at most 35% by weight, at most 25% by weight, at most 20% by weight) of amorphous phase, including ranges therebetween.

In certain embodiments, an HTMPM includes at least 1% by weight (e.g., at least 3% by weight, at least 4% by weight, at least 5% by weight, at least 6% by weight, at least 7% by weight, at least 7% by weight) of diopside phase and/or at most 15% by weight (e.g., at most 13% by weight, at most 10% by weight, at most 9% by weight, at most 8% by weight) of diopside phase, including ranges therebetween.

In some embodiments, an HTMPM includes at least 1% by (e.g., at least 2% by weight, at least 3% by weight, at least 4% by weight) of leucite phase and/or at most 30% by weight (e.g., at most 25% by weight, at most 20% by weight, at most 15% by weight, at most 10% by weight) of leucite phase, including ranges therebetween.

In certain embodiments, an HTMPM includes at least 0.1% by weight (e.g., at least 0.5% by weight, at least 1% by weight) of hydrogrossular phase and/or at most 5% by weight (e.g., at most 4% by weight, at most 3% by weight, at most 2% by weight) of hydrogrossular phase, including ranges therebetween.

In certain embodiments, an HTMPM includes at least 0.1% by weight (e.g., at least 0.5% by weight, at least 1% by weight) of plazolite phase and/or at most 5% by weight (e.g., at most 4% by weight, at most 3% by weight, at most 2% by weight) of plazolite phase, including ranges therebetween.

In some embodiments, an HTMPM includes at least 0.1% by weight (e.g., at least 0.5% by weight, at least 1% by weight) of pigeonite phase and/or at most 5% by weight (e.g., at most 4% by weight, at most 3% by weight, at most 2% by weight) of pigeonite phase, including ranges therebetween. In certain embodiments, an HTMPM is substantially free of tobermorite phase.

In some embodiments, an HTMPM is substantially free of hydrogrossular phase.

In some embodiments, an HTMPM is substantially free of plazolite phase.

In some embodiments, an HTMPM is substantially free of dicalcium silicate phase.

In certain embodiments, an HTMPM is in the form of particles. Such particles can have, for example, a mean particle size of from one nanometer to two millimeters.

In general, an HTMPM can be used as desired. In some embodiments, an HTMPM is used as a fertilizer (e.g., to provide one or more nutrients to the soil), for soil remediation (e.g., to immobilize one or more heavy metals from the soil), to decontaminate soil (e.g., to remove one or more contaminants from the soil), to increase crop yield, and/or to improve soil health.

Examples

Experiments were performed to assess the impact of the temperature of the second step and the residence time at the temperature of the second step using a rotary kiln.

The ultrapotassic syenite used in the examples was obtained from the Triunfo batholith, located in Pernambuco State, Brazil. The K-feldspar content was 94.5 wt. %. Hand-sized field samples were comminuted in a jaw crusher and sieved to obtain particles with size <2 mm. Reagent grade calcium oxide (CaO) was used as received.

The feed mixture (starting materials) was obtained by dry milling ultrapotassic syenite (<2 mm), down to a P90 -150 pm. CaO was added to the K-feldspar rich powder to achieve a nominal Ca:Si molar ratio of 0.3, based on the assumption that there was no Si in the CaO and no Ca in the ultrapotassic syenite.

The first step was performed using a standard mixing bowl which could be heated. The slurry within the bowl composed of the feed mixture and water was agitated using a KitchenAid Stand Mixer. The water inserted into the bowl was pre-heated, which reduced the time it took to reach 100°C to less than 5 minutes. Water was added throughout the first step to account for evaporated water.

Experiments of the second step were performed in a four inch quartz rotary kiln, where approximately 1,000 grams of intermediary product was added. The kiln was then inserted into a clam shell and heated to the desired temperature. After staying at the desired temperature for the desired time period, the clam shell was turned-off, allowing the contents within the kiln to cool to room temperature. Once cooled, the contents were removed from the kiln.

Measurements of potassium (K⁺) availability were performed with a leaching test in which approximately 0.4 gram of solid was mixed with approximately 40 milliliters of 0.1 molar citric acid solution and agitated for 30 minutes. The solution was then filtered using Whatman filter paper, with the resulting leachate analyzed with ICP-OES in order to verify the weight percent of (K⁺) extracted from the sample. The amount of (K⁺) extracted during the leaching test has been observed to be a good proxy to indicate the amount of conversion / feldspar alteration that occurred when comparing the final product to the starting materials (feed mixture).

EXAMPLE 1

In each experiment (5 in total), the feed mixture was mixed with water at a 4: 1 liquid to solid (L:S) ratio. The first step was executed by holding the slurry mixture at approximately 100°C for 300 minutes. After that, the second step was performed where the intermediate product was inserted into a quartz kiln and heated to three different temperatures, with the material within the kiln being held at the desired temperature for either 0 (zero) minutes or 30 minutes. The results are shown in Table I and Figure 3.

Table

The data in Table I and Figure 3 demonstrate that, compared to using temperatures of 700°C or less in the second step, using a temperature of 1,000°C in the second step results in a significantly higher K⁺ availability of the HTMPM. The data in Table I and Figure 3 also demonstrate that, compared to using a temperature of 1,000°C in the second step, using a temperature of 700°C or less has little impact on the K⁺ availability of the HTMPM. EXAMPLE 2

Mineralogy was determined by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), analyzing: the feed mixture (1); and products produced when the first step was performed for 300 minutes at 100°C with agitation, and the second step was performed for: 30 minutes at 700°C (2), 30 minutes at 260°C (3), zero minutes at 260°C (4), zero minutes at 700°C (5) and zero minutes at 1000°C (6).

Powder samples were back-loaded onto the sample holder and put into a diffractometer (Panalytical X'Pert MPD) that used CuKa radiation at 45 kVand 40 mA as an X-ray source. Once identified, mineral phases were quantified via the internal standard method and Rietveld refinement. The results are presented in Table II.

Table

Consistent with the data from Example I (leaching test), Table II shows that using 1000°C in the second step resulted in an HTMPM that underwent the most substantial mineralogical transformation compared to the feed mixture. Compared with other samples in Table II, the sample prepared using 1000°C in the second step had a substantially decreased amount of albite phase and K-feldspar phase, while also exhibiting an increased amount of amorphous phase and even a leucite phase, which was not observed in the other samples.

The data in Table II also show that the relative amount of mineralogical change is less substantial for samples for which the second step was performed at 260°C or 700°C.

Holding the time for the second reaction constant, a sample prepared using 700°C for the second step had less Portlandite phase than a sample prepared using 260°C for the second step.

Other Embodiments While certain embodiments have been provided, the disclosure is not limited to such embodiments.

As an example, in some embodiments, an HTMPM can include at least one additional component. Examples of such materials include KC1 (sylvite phase), one or more micronutrients (e.g., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S)), one or more micronutrients (e.g., boron (B), chlorine (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn)) and/or one or more other beneficial elements (e.g., sodium (Na), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), cobalt (Co) and vanadium (V).

In general, the at least one additional component can be introduced as part of any of the processes disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the at least one additional component is added during the first step. In certain embodiments, the at least one additional component is added after the second step. In some embodiments, the at least one additional component is added during an intermediate step. In certain embodiments, the at least one additional component is added after HTMPM formation but before drying. In some embodiments, the at least one additional component is added after drying.

Generally, a source of an additional component can be used in any appropriate form. Examples of such forms include crystals, salts, powder, liquid (e.g., solution) and/or slurry. An exemplary and non-limiting list of source materials is as follows. Examples of phosphorus (P) sources include phosphate rock (e.g., raw material for phosphate fertilizer production), phosphoric acid (e.g., intermediate product from phosphate fertilizer production chain) and monoammonium phosphate. Examples of nitrogen (N) sources include ammonia and urea. Examples of potassium (K) sources include KC1 and sulphate of potash (SOP). Examples of magnesium (Mg) sources include magnesia and dolomitic lime. Examples of sulphur (S) sources include gypsum, sulphur and ammonium sulphate. Examples of calcium (Ca) sources includes gypsum and dolomitic lime. An example of a copper (Cu) source is copper sulphate. Examples of boron (B) sources include borates, borax and boric acid. An example of a zinc (Zn) source is zinc sulphate. An example of a manganese (Mn) source is manganese sulphate. Additional appropriate sources of these and other components are known.

In certain embodiments, a percentage of K⁺ in the HTMPM is between 5% and 55%.

In certain embodiments, an HTMPM can have a salinity index of between 5% and 119%. Certain aspects of reaction methods and materials relating to HTMPM formation are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 9,340,465, U.S. Patent No. 10,800,712, and international patent application serial number PCT/IB2021/051351. The disclosure of these documents are incorporated by reference herein. To the extent that subject matter disclosed in these documents is inconsistent with subject matter disclosed in the present application, the present application shall be relied upon to resolve such inconsistencies.

Claims

Claims What is claimed is:

1. A method of making an HTMPM, comprising: a) reacting starting materials at a temperature of at most 100°C to form intermediate products; and b) reacting the intermediate products at a temperature of at least 500°C, wherein the method makes the HTMPM.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein a) is performed at a temperature of at most 90°C.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein a) is performed at a temperature of at most 80°C.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein a) is performed at a temperature of at most 70°C.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein a) is performed at a temperature of at most 60°C.

6. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein a) is performed at a temperature of at least 20°C.

7. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein a) is performed at a pressure of at most two atmospheres.

8. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein a) is performed at a pressure of at most 1.5 atmospheres.

9. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein a) is performed at a pressure of at most one atmosphere.

10. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a) is performed using a reaction vessel selected from the group consisting of a closed tank, an open tank, a containment vessel, an open evaporation pond, a tubular vessel, a rotating disk, a solid-liquid contactor, and a hydrocyclone.

11. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a) comprises agitating the starting materials.

12. The method of any one of claims 1-10, wherein a) does not comprise agitating the starting materials.

13. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a) is performed for at least 15 minutes.

14. The method of any one of claims 1-12, wherein a) is performed for at least 30 minutes.

15. The method of any one of claims 1-12, wherein a) is performed for at most two weeks.

16. The method of any one of claims 1-12, wherein a) is performed for at most one week.

17. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein b) is performed at a temperature of at least 600°C.

18. The method of any one of claims 1-16, wherein b) is performed at a temperature of at least 700°C.

19. The method of any one of claims 1-16, wherein b) is performed at a temperature of at least 800°C.

20. The method of any one of claims 1-16, wherein b) is performed at a temperature of at least 900°C.

21. The method of any one of claims 1-16, wherein b) is performed at a temperature of at least 1000°C.

22. The method of any one of claims 1 -6 wherein b) is performed at a temperature of at least 1,100°C.

23. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein b) is performed at a temperature of at most 2,000°C.

24. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein b) is performed at a pressure of at most two atmospheres.

25. The method of any one of claims 1-23, wherein b) is performed at a pressure of at most 1.5 atmospheres.

26. The method of any one of claims 1-23, wherein b) is performed at a pressure of at most one atmosphere.

27. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein b) comprises agitating the reaction products.

28. The method of any one claims 1-27, wherein b) does not comprise agitating the reaction products.

29. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein b) is performed for at least one minute.

30. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein b) is performed for at least five minutes.

31. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein b) is performed for at most one week.

32. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein b) is performed for at most 24 hours.

33. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein b) is performed using a reaction vessel selected from the group consisting of cement kilns, rotary kilns, fluidized beds, slurry columns, cyclones, and top submerged lances.

34. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising, between a) and b), heating from a temperature of at most 100°C to a temperature of at least 500°C.

35. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising, between a) and b), monotonically increasing the temperature from a temperature of at most 100°C to a temperature of at least 500°C.

36. The method of claim 34 or claim 35, wherein, between a) and b), the temperature is smoothly increased from at most 100°C to at least 500°C.

37. The method of claim 34 or claim 35, wherein, between a) and b), the temperature is increased in a step-wise fashion from at most 100°C to at least 500°C.

38. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a) is performed in a first reaction vessel, and b) is performed in a second reaction vessel different from the first reaction vessel.

39. The method of any one of claims 1-37, wherein a) is performed in a first plurality of reaction vessels, and b) is performed in a second plurality of reaction vessels.

40. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a) comprises: al) reacting the starting materials at a first temperature of at most 50°C to form first materials; and a2) after al), reacting the first materials at a second temperature which is greater than the first temperature to form the intermediate products.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein the first temperature is at least 50°C, and the second temperature is at most 100°C.

42. The method of claim 40, wherein al) is performed at a temperature of at least 20°C.

43. The method of any one of claims 40-42, wherein a2) is performed at a temperature of at least 75°C.

44. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising, after b), drying the products of b).

45. The method of claim 44, wherein drying is performed at a temperature of at least between 25°C.

46. The method of claim 44 or claim 45, wherein drying is performed at a temperature of at most 400°C.

47. The method of any one of claims 44-46, wherein drying is performed at a pressure of at least one atmosphere.

48. The method of any one of claims 44-46, wherein drying is performed at a pressure of at most 100 atmospheres.

49. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the starting materials comprise a potassic framework silicate ore.

50. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the starting materials comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of K-feldspar, kalsilite, nepheline, phlogopite, muscovite, biotite, trachyte, rhyolite, micas, ultrapotassic syenite, leucite, nepheline syenite, phonolite, fenite, aplite and pegmatite.

51. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the starting materials comprise K-feldspar.

52. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the starting materials comprise at least one material selected from the group consisting of an oxide, a hydroxide, and a carbonate of at least one of an alkaline earth metal and an alkali metal.

53. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the starting materials comprise at least two materials selected from the group consisting of an oxide, a hydroxide and a carbonate of at least one of an alkaline earth metal and an alkali metal.

54. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the starting materials comprise an oxide, a hydroxide, and a carbonate of at least one of an alkaline earth metal and an alkali metal.

55. The method of any one of claims 47-54, wherein the metal comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K), beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr).

56. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the starting materials comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of CaO, Ca(OH)2 and CaCCb.

57. The method of any one of the preceding claims, comprising providing the starting materials in a single batch.

58. The method of any one of the preceding claims, comprising providing the starting materials in a step-wise manner.

59. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the following holds: the starting materials comprise a potassic framework silicate ore and CaO in a molar ratio of Ca:Si of between 0.05 and 4; the starting materials comprise a potassic framework silicate ore and Ca(OH)2 in a molar ratio of Ca:Si between 0.05 and 4; and the starting materials comprise a potassic framework silicate ore and CaCCb in a molar ratio of Ca:Si between 0.05 and 4.

60. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the starting materials comprise water.

61. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the starting materials comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of KC1, a macronutrient source, a micronutrient source and a source of a beneficial element.

62. The method of claim 61, wherein the at least one member comprises a member selected from the group consisting of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn, Na, Se, Si, Co and V.

63. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising, before b), adding to the intermediate products at least one member selected from the group consisting of KC1, a macronutrient source, a micronutrient source and a source of a beneficial element.

64. The method of claim 63, wherein the at least one member comprises a member selected from the group consisting of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn, Na, Se, Si, Co and V.

65. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least two phases selected from the group consisting of albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, and amorphous phase.

66. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least three phases selected from the group consisting of albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, and amorphous phase.

67. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, and amorphous phase.

68. The method of any one of claims 65-67, wherein the HTMPM further comprises diopside phase.

69. The method of any one of claims 65-68, wherein the HTMPM further comprises biotite phase.

70. The method of any one of claims 65-69, wherein the HTMPM further comprises hydrogrossular phase.

71. The method of any one of claims 65-70, wherein the HTMPM further comprises plazolite phase.

72. The method of any one of claims 65-71, wherein the HTMPM further comprises pigeonite phase.

73. The method of any one of claims 65-72, wherein the HTMPM further comprises leucite phase.

74. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 1% by weight of K-feldspar phase.

75. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 70% by weight of K-feldspar phase.

76. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 0.1% by weight of albite phase.

77. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 10% by weight of albite phase.

78. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 0.1% by weight of biotite phase.

79. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 5% by weight of biotite phase.

80. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 0.1% by weight of portlandite phase.

81. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 25% by weight of portlandite phase.

82. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 1% by weight of amorphous phase.

83. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 50% by weight of amorphous phase.

84. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 1% by weight of diopside phase.

85. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 15% by weight of diopside phase.

86. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 1% by weight leucite phase.

87. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 30% by weight leucite phase.

88. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 0.1% by weight hydrogrossular phase.

89. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 5% by weight hydrogrossular phase.

90. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 0.1% by weight plazolite phase.

91. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 5% by weight plazolite phase.

92. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 0.1% by weight pigeonite phase.

93. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 5% by weight pigeonite phase.

94. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM is substantially free of tobermorite phase.

95. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM is substantially free of hydrogrossular phase.

96. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM is substantially free of plazolite phase.

97. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM is substantially free of dicalcium silicate phase.

98. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 0.1% by weight of KC1.

99. The method of any claim 98, wherein the composition HTMPM at most 99% by weight of KC1.

100. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising using the composition as a fertilizer.

101. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising using the composition for soil remediation.

102. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising using the composition to decontaminate soil.

103. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising using the composition to increase crop yield.

104. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising using the composition to improve soil health.

105. A method of making an HTMPM, comprising: reacting materials at a temperature of at least 500°C to make the HTMPM.

106. An HTMPM, comprising: leucite phase; and at least two phases selected from the group consisting of albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, and amorphous phase.

107. The HTMPM of claim 106, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least three phases selected from the group consisting of albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, and amorphous phase.

108. The HTMPM of claim 106, wherein the HTMPM comprises albite phase, K-feldspar phase, portlandite phase, and amorphous phase.

109. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-108, wherein the HTMPM further comprises diopside phase.

110. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-109, wherein the HTMPM further comprises biotite phase.

111. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106- 110, wherein the HTMPM further comprises hydrogrossular phase.

112. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-111, wherein the HTMPM further comprises plazolite phase.

113. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-112, wherein the HTMPM further comprises pigeonite phase.

114. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-113, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 1% by weight of K-feldspar phase.

115. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-114, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 70% by weight of K-feldspar phase.

116. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-115, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 0.1% by weight of albite phase.

117. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-116, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 10% by weight of albite phase.

118. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-117, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 0.1% by weight of biotite phase.

119. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-118, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 5% by weight of biotite phase.

120. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-119, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 0.1% by weight of portlandite phase.

121. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-120, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 25% by weight of portlandite phase.

122. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-121, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 1% by weight of amorphous phase.

123. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-122, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 50% by weight of amorphous phase.

124. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-123, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 1% by weight of diopside phase.

125. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-124, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 15% by weight of diopside phase.

126. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-125, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 1% by weight leucite phase.

127. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-126, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 30% by weight leucite phase.

128. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-127, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 0.1% by weight hydrogrossular phase.

129. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-128, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 5% by weight hydrogrossular phase.

130. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-129, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 0.1% by weight plazolite phase.

131. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-130, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 5% by weight plazolite phase.

132. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-131, wherein the HTMPM comprises at least 0.1% by weight pigeonite phase.

133. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-132, wherein the HTMPM comprises at most 5% by weight pigeonite phase.

134. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-133, wherein the HTMPM is substantially free of tobermorite phase.

135. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-134, wherein the HTMPM is substantially free of dicalcium silicate phase.

136. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-135, wherein the HTMPM is substantially free of hydrogrossular phase.

137. The HTMPM of any one of claims 106-136, wherein the HTMPM is substantially free of plazolite phase

138. A composition, comprising: an HTMPM according to any one of claims 106-137; and a component selected from the group consisting of a KC1, a macronutrient, a micronutrient and a beneficial element.

139. The composition of claim 138, wherein in the component comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn, Na, Se, Si, Co and V.

140. The composition of claim 138 or claim 139, wherein the composition comprises a fertilizer.

141. The composition of claim 138 or claim 139, wherein the composition comprises a soil remediation composition.

142. The composition of claim 138 or claim 139, wherein the composition comprises a soil decontaminate composition.

143. The composition of claim 138 or claim 139, wherein the composition comprises a crop yield increasing composition.

144. The composition of claim 138 or claim 139, wherein the composition comprises a soil health improvement composition.