WO2022268032A1 - Système de planification de flux vidéo et produit associé - Google Patents

Système de planification de flux vidéo et produit associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022268032A1
WO2022268032A1 PCT/CN2022/099884 CN2022099884W WO2022268032A1 WO 2022268032 A1 WO2022268032 A1 WO 2022268032A1 CN 2022099884 W CN2022099884 W CN 2022099884W WO 2022268032 A1 WO2022268032 A1 WO 2022268032A1
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Prior art keywords
scheduling
video stream
edge device
edge
client
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PCT/CN2022/099884
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
彭文
杨昌鹏
石翰
宋恺
张睿霄
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华为云计算技术有限公司
清华大学
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Publication of WO2022268032A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022268032A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/21—Server components or server architectures
    • H04N21/218—Source of audio or video content, e.g. local disk arrays
    • H04N21/2187—Live feed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/239—Interfacing the upstream path of the transmission network, e.g. prioritizing client content requests
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/262—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/262—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists
    • H04N21/26208—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists the scheduling operation being performed under constraints
    • H04N21/26216—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists the scheduling operation being performed under constraints involving the channel capacity, e.g. network bandwidth

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of cloud computing, in particular to a video stream scheduling system and related products.
  • live streaming has become one of the industries with the highest proportion of traffic on the Internet.
  • the live broadcast platform purchases cloud services provided by cloud vendors, so that the anchor can upload the live broadcast content through the live broadcast platform, and the audience can also watch the above live broadcast content through the live broadcast platform.
  • the current common method is: the viewer client connects to a nearby edge node, and obtains the required live broadcast content through the edge node.
  • the above method consumes a large amount of bandwidth, thereby bringing huge costs.
  • the application discloses a video stream scheduling system and related products, which can reduce the cost in the video stream scheduling process.
  • the present application provides a video stream scheduling system, which includes a first edge device, a second edge device, and a scheduling device.
  • the first edge device is used to receive the stream pull request sent by the client, and the stream pull request is used to pull the video stream; the first edge device is also used to send the video stream to the scheduling
  • the device sends a scheduling request, and the scheduling request is used to instruct the scheduling device to allocate the edge device to be accessed to the client; the scheduling device is used to receive the scheduling request, obtain the characteristics of the video stream, and then determine the first edge device according to the characteristics of the video stream.
  • Two edge devices the second edge device is used to push the video stream to the client.
  • the scheduling device can assign an edge device to be connected to the client, that is, the second edge device.
  • the client can pull the video stream from the second edge device, and the cost for the client to pull the video stream from the second edge device is lower than the cost for the client to pull the video stream from the first edge device. Therefore, using the video stream scheduling system provided by the present application can reduce the cost consumed in the video stream scheduling process.
  • the scheduling device is further configured to store at least one scheduling strategy, obtain a target scheduling strategy from at least one scheduling strategy according to the characteristics of the video stream, and then determine the second edge device according to the target scheduling strategy.
  • the scheduling device can allocate the edge device to be accessed for the client according to the actual needs (that is, the characteristics of the video stream requested by the client, such as the access popularity of the video stream), so that while ensuring the user experience, Reduce the cost spent in the video stream scheduling process.
  • the feature of the video stream includes the number of clients accessing the video stream, and at least one scheduling policy includes a first scheduling policy, a second scheduling policy, and a third scheduling policy.
  • the target scheduling strategy can be the first scheduling strategy; when the client accessing the video stream When the number of endpoints is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, it indicates that the video stream has high access popularity, that is, the video stream is a warm stream, then the target scheduling strategy can be the second scheduling strategy; when the client accessing the video stream When the number of terminals is greater than the second threshold, it indicates that the video stream is highly visited, that is, the video stream is a hot stream, and the target scheduling strategy may be the third scheduling strategy.
  • the first scheduling policy is used to indicate that all clients requesting the video stream in multiple areas access the same edge device; the second scheduling policy is used to indicate that all clients requesting the video stream in each area access the same edge device. For one edge device, clients requesting the video stream in different regions may access different edge devices; the third scheduling policy is used to instruct the client requesting the video stream to access the nearest edge device.
  • video streams with different access popularity correspond to different scheduling strategies, so that the user experience can be ensured while , to reduce the cost consumed in the video stream scheduling process.
  • the second edge device and the first edge device are the same edge device. It should be understood that when the number of clients is greater than the second threshold, it indicates that the video stream is a hot stream, and more bandwidth is required to bring better user experience. Therefore, in order to ensure user experience, the second edge device and the first edge device It should be the same edge device, that is, the edge device closest to the client.
  • the above scheduling device is used to obtain the line corresponding to the target scheduling strategy, according to the identifier of the video stream and the domain name of the video stream, from The second edge device is obtained from the line corresponding to the target scheduling policy, and the line corresponding to the target scheduling policy includes at least one edge device.
  • the foregoing feature of the video stream further includes a target area, and when the number of clients is less than the first threshold, the second edge device is an edge device deployed in the target area.
  • the aforementioned target area is an area with the largest number of clients in the areas where the clients are located.
  • the client uploading the cold stream is located in the same area as most of the clients requesting the cold stream. Therefore, through the above implementation manner, most of the clients accessing the same cold stream can be kept close to the second edge device, so that the cost in the video stream scheduling process can be reduced.
  • the foregoing video stream scheduling system further includes an operation and maintenance device.
  • the above-mentioned first edge device is further configured to report at least one of the traffic of the video stream, the operator to which the client belongs, and the area where the client is located to the operation and maintenance device.
  • the scheduling device is used to inquire about the features of the video stream from the operation and maintenance device, and the features of the video stream include at least one of the traffic of the video stream, the operator to which the client belongs, and the area where the client is located.
  • the scheduling device can acquire the characteristics of the video stream, so that a more suitable second edge device can be assigned to the client requesting the video stream, and the cost in the video stream scheduling process can be reduced.
  • the foregoing video stream scheduling system further includes a node management device.
  • the above-mentioned scheduling device is also used to inquire about the characteristics of multiple historical video streams from the operation and maintenance device. Each historical video stream is accessed through the domain name of the video stream and the identifier of each historical video stream is different.
  • the flow rate of the video stream with the first threshold value and less than the second threshold value is configured according to the cold flow flow value and the warm flow flow value to obtain a first line and a second line, the first line includes at least one edge device for transmitting cold flow, The first line corresponds to the first scheduling strategy, the second line includes at least one edge device for transmitting warm flow, the second line corresponds to the second scheduling strategy, and the first line and the second line are sent to the node management device.
  • the scheduling device is used to query the node management device for the line corresponding to the target scheduling policy.
  • the scheduling device predicts the cold flow value of multiple regions and the warm flow value of each region through the characteristics of multiple historical video streams, so that the configured first line and second line can meet the future requirements. traffic demand, then the second edge device obtained according to the first line and the second line can meet the traffic demand of the client.
  • At least one edge device included in the first line belongs to the same operator, and at least one edge device included in the second line belongs to the same operator.
  • the foregoing scheduling device is further configured to return a scheduling response to the first edge device, and the scheduling response indicates that the second edge device is an edge device to be accessed.
  • the above-mentioned first edge device is further configured to receive a scheduling response, and generate a redirection response according to the scheduling response, the redirection response is used to instruct the client to send a streaming request to the second edge device, and send the redirection response to the client. In this way, the client can request the aforementioned video stream from the second edge device.
  • the present application provides a video stream scheduling method, which includes the following steps: the scheduling device receives the scheduling request sent by the first edge device, and the scheduling request is used to allocate the edge to be accessed to the client requesting the video stream device, and then acquire the feature of the video stream, and determine the edge device to be connected as the second edge device according to the feature of the video stream.
  • the scheduling device stores at least one scheduling strategy, and the scheduling device determines the second edge device according to the characteristics of the video stream, including: the scheduling device obtains from at least one scheduling strategy according to the characteristics of the video stream Target scheduling strategy: the scheduling device determines the second edge device according to the target scheduling strategy.
  • the above-mentioned characteristics of the video stream include the number of clients accessing the video stream, and at least one scheduling strategy includes a first scheduling strategy, a second scheduling strategy, and a third scheduling strategy Strategy.
  • the target scheduling strategy is the first scheduling strategy; when the number of clients requesting the video stream is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, the target scheduling strategy is the first The second scheduling strategy; when the number of clients requesting the video stream is greater than the second threshold, the target scheduling strategy is the third scheduling strategy.
  • the scheduling device determines the second edge device according to the target scheduling strategy, including: the scheduling device obtains the line corresponding to the target scheduling strategy, and then according to the identifier of the video stream and the domain name of the video stream, from the The second edge device is obtained from the line corresponding to the scheduling policy, wherein the line corresponding to the target scheduling policy includes at least one edge device.
  • the foregoing feature of the video stream further includes a target area, and when the number of clients is less than the first threshold, the second edge device is an edge device deployed in the target area.
  • the aforementioned target area is an area with the largest number of clients in the areas where the clients are located.
  • the video stream scheduling system further includes an operation and maintenance device, which stores at least one of traffic of the video stream, an operator to which the client belongs, and an area where the client is located.
  • the above-mentioned scheduling device obtaining the characteristics of the video stream includes: the scheduling device queries the operation and maintenance device for the characteristics of the video stream, and the characteristics of the video stream include at least one of the traffic of the video stream, the operator to which the client belongs, and the area where the client is located.
  • the above video stream scheduling system further includes a node management device, and before the scheduling device determines the second edge device according to the characteristics of the video stream, the above method further includes: the scheduling device queries the operation and maintenance device for multiple histories The characteristics of video streams, each historical video stream is accessed through the domain name of the video stream and the identification of each historical video stream is different, and then according to the characteristics of multiple historical video streams, the cold stream flow value of multiple regions is predicted And the warm flow flow value of each region, wherein, the cold flow flow value indicates the flow of the video stream whose number of visits is less than the first threshold, and the warm flow value indicates the flow of the video stream whose number of visits is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold , and then configure the first line and the second line according to the cold flow flow value and the warm flow flow value, the first line includes at least one edge device for transmitting cold flow, the first line corresponds to the first scheduling strategy, and the second line It includes at least one edge device for transmitting warm flow, the second line corresponds to the
  • At least one edge device included in the first line belongs to the same operator, and at least one edge device included in the second line belongs to the same operator.
  • the scheduling device determines that the edge device to be accessed is the second edge device according to the characteristics of the video stream
  • the above method further includes: the scheduling device returns a scheduling response to the first edge device, and the scheduling response indicates The second edge device is an edge device to be connected, so that the first edge device notifies the client to send a video stream pull request to the second edge device.
  • the present application provides a video stream scheduling device, the scheduling device includes a receiving module and a scheduling management module.
  • the above-mentioned receiving module is used for receiving the scheduling request sent by the first edge device, and the scheduling request is used for assigning the edge device to be connected to the client requesting the video stream, and obtaining the characteristics of the video stream.
  • the scheduling management module is configured to determine the edge device to be accessed as the second edge device according to the characteristics of the video stream.
  • the scheduling management module is configured to store at least one scheduling strategy, obtain a target scheduling strategy from the at least one scheduling strategy according to the characteristics of the video stream, and determine the second edge device according to the target scheduling strategy.
  • the feature of the video stream includes the number of clients accessing the video stream, and at least one scheduling policy includes a first scheduling policy, a second scheduling policy, and a third scheduling policy.
  • the target scheduling strategy is the first scheduling strategy; when the number of clients requesting the video stream is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, the target scheduling strategy is the first The second scheduling strategy; when the number of clients requesting the video stream is greater than the second threshold, the target scheduling strategy is the third scheduling strategy.
  • the above scheduling management module is configured to obtain the line corresponding to the target scheduling policy, and obtain the second edge device from the line corresponding to the target scheduling policy according to the identifier of the video stream and the domain name of the video stream,
  • a line corresponding to a target scheduling policy includes at least one edge device.
  • the foregoing feature of the video stream further includes a target area, and when the number of clients is less than the first threshold, the second edge device is an edge device deployed in the target area.
  • the aforementioned target area is an area with the largest number of clients in the areas where the clients are located.
  • the receiving module is configured to query the characteristics of the video stream from the operation and maintenance device, and the operation and maintenance device stores at least one of the traffic of the video stream, the operator to which the client belongs, and the area where the client is located.
  • the feature of the video stream includes at least one of traffic of the video stream, an operator to which the client belongs, and an area where the client is located.
  • the foregoing scheduling device further includes a flow prediction module.
  • the above-mentioned receiving module is also used to inquire about the characteristics of multiple historical video streams from the operation and maintenance device, each historical video stream is accessed through the domain name of the video stream and each historical video stream has a different identifier.
  • the above traffic prediction module is used to predict the cold flow flow value of multiple regions and the warm flow flow value of each region according to the characteristics of multiple historical video streams, wherein the cold flow flow value indicates a video whose number of visits is less than the first threshold
  • the traffic of the stream, the warm stream traffic value indicates the traffic of the video stream whose access quantity is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold.
  • the above dispatch management module is also configured to obtain the first line and the second line according to the flow value of the cold flow and the flow value of the warm flow, the first line includes at least one edge device for transmitting the cold flow, and the first line corresponds to the first scheduling Strategy, the second line includes at least one edge device for transmitting warm flow, the second line corresponds to the second scheduling strategy, and sends the first line and the second line to the node management device.
  • the above dispatch management module is used to query the node management device for lines corresponding to the target dispatch policy.
  • At least one edge device included in the first line belongs to the same operator, and at least one edge device included in the second line belongs to the same operator.
  • the scheduling management module is configured to return a scheduling response to the first edge device, and the scheduling response indicates that the second edge device is an edge device to be accessed, so that the first edge device notifies the client to send The two edge devices send a video stream pull request.
  • the present application provides a computing device, the computing device includes a processor and a memory, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions, so that the computing device system performs any possible functions of the aforementioned second aspect or the second aspect. method in the implementation.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores computer program code, and when the computer program code is executed by a computing device, the computing device executes the aforementioned second aspect or the second aspect.
  • the computing device executes the aforementioned second aspect or the second aspect.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a live broadcast process provided by the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a video stream scheduling system provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a scheduling device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of multiple sets of cold flow circuits provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of multiple sets of cold flow circuits provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of multiple sets of temperature flow circuits provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flow diagram of a video stream scheduling provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a computing device provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a computing device system provided by the present application.
  • Push The process in which audio and video stream generating devices (such as mobile phones, computers, etc.) push live content to the server.
  • CDN Content delivery network
  • CDN It is a distributed network that is established and covered on the bearer network and composed of server nodes deployed in different regions.
  • CDN includes source station, central node and edge node.
  • the source station is the network node where the user's actual business is located
  • the edge node refers to the network node with fewer intermediate links from the end user's access, and has better response ability and connection speed to the final access user
  • the central node It is a network node for data transmission between the source station and the edge node.
  • the resources in the origin site are cached to the edge nodes, so that users can obtain the required resources nearby, improve the response speed of users visiting the website, and reduce the pressure on the origin site.
  • a domain name also known as a network domain, is the name of a computer or computer group on the Internet consisting of a string of characters separated by "dots", for example, www.abc.com.
  • TCP/IP transmission control protocol/internet protocol
  • IP addresses are not easy to remember and domain names are easy to remember, but servers in the network can only identify each other through IP addresses. Therefore, in order to access servers in the network, it is necessary to convert domain names and IP addresses to each other. This process is referred to as domain name resolution. Domain name resolution needs to be completed through a dedicated domain name resolution server.
  • the domain name resolution service (domain name server, DNS) server is a functional entity that provides domain name resolution services for clients in the TCP/IP network. Through the DNS server, the client can pass the domain name. Access the corresponding server.
  • a uniform resource locator also known as a uniform resource locator, location address, URL address or web page address (URL), is the address of a standard resource on the Internet, just like a house number on the Internet.
  • the structure of the URL can be: [protocol type]://[server address]:[port number], wherein, the protocol type indicates the type of network service (such as HTTP), the server address can be a domain name or the IP address of the server, and the port number It refers to the network port number of the access server.
  • the technical solution provided by this application is applicable to scenarios involving video stream scheduling, such as live broadcast, video cloud, video on demand, short video viewing, virtual reality (virtual reality, VR), cloud games, etc.
  • video stream scheduling such as live broadcast, video cloud, video on demand, short video viewing, virtual reality (virtual reality, VR), cloud games, etc.
  • the following takes live broadcast as an example to briefly introduce the scenario of video streaming scheduling.
  • the live broadcast platform purchases cloud services provided by cloud vendors, so that the anchor can upload the live broadcast content through the live broadcast platform, and the audience can also watch the above live broadcast content through the live broadcast platform.
  • the cloud services purchased by the live broadcast platform include services provided by multiple computing nodes (for example: source station, central node, edge node).
  • the source station provides services such as video injection, recording, screen capture, transcoding, etc.
  • the central node provides data exchange services
  • the edge nodes provide services to ensure the live stream pushed by the anchor and the service quality and user experience of the user when watching the live stream.
  • the client of the anchor A uploads the video stream carrying the live content to the edge node 1 nearby, and then the edge node 1 pushes the video stream to the central node 1, after that, Continue to push the video stream to the source station by the central node 1.
  • the source station receives the above video stream, it performs operations such as encoding, transcoding, resolution conversion, frame rate conversion, and code rate conversion, so as to convert the above video stream into different resolutions, different frame rates, and different code rates. stream media.
  • the client of viewer B initiates a viewing request to the live broadcast platform.
  • the cloud provider sends viewer B the The client of viewer B returns the IP address of a nearby edge node (that is, edge node 4), and then the client of viewer B sends a streaming request to edge node 4. Since the video stream uploaded by the client of anchor A is not stored in the edge node 4, the edge node 4 will pull the video stream from the central node 2 by means of back-to-source. Also, since the video stream is not stored in the central node 2, the central node 2 continues to pull the video stream from the source station by returning to the source. After the central node 2 obtains the video stream, it pushes it to the edge node 4, and the edge node 4 pushes it to the client of the audience B.
  • edge node 2 needs to obtain the live broadcast content of anchor A from the source station in the way of returning to the source. This process will consume a large amount of bandwidth, thus increase cost.
  • video cloud, cloud games, video on demand, short video viewing, and VR are also application scenarios that rely on cloud computing and provide users with video resources in the form of cloud services. Therefore, these scenarios also have the same problem, that is, when a user accesses a certain video resource, the user's client will access the nearest edge node. If the edge node stores the video resource required by the user, the edge node can The video resource is directly returned to the user, but if the edge node does not store the video resource required by the user, the edge node will request the video resource from the central node or the source station through back-to-source, and then return it to the user. In practical applications, there are many users accessing the video resource, and the geographical locations of these users may be different. Using the above method will increase the return-to-source rate of the edge nodes, and thus bring huge costs.
  • the present application provides a video stream scheduling system, which can reduce the return-to-origin rate of edge nodes in the video stream scheduling process, reduce the cost of returning to the source, and thereby reduce the cost consumed in the video stream scheduling process.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a video stream scheduling system provided by the present application.
  • the system includes a networking device 100 , an operation and maintenance device 200 , a node management device 300 and a scheduling device 400 .
  • the networking device 100 , the operation and maintenance device 200 , the node management device 300 and the scheduling device 400 are all software devices. The following is an introduction to each part of the video stream scheduling system:
  • the networking device 100 includes at least one node device, configured to provide video services to clients.
  • the video services provided by the networking device 100 to the client include: uploading videos, processing videos, and watching videos.
  • the host can upload live broadcast content through the networking device 100, and The content is encoded, transcoded, resolution converted, frame rate converted, code rate converted, etc., and viewers can also watch the live content of the anchor through the networking device 100.
  • each node device in the networking device 100 is a software device deployed on a computing node (hardware device), and the computing node on which the node device is deployed can be deployed using a CDN network architecture. Therefore, The node devices in the networking device 100 are equivalent to software devices deployed using the CDN network architecture. Taking FIG.
  • the networking device 100 includes a node device deployed on a source station (hereinafter referred to as a source station device, such as a first source station device), a node device deployed on a central node (hereinafter referred to as a central device, For example, a first central device and a second central device) and node devices deployed on edge nodes (hereinafter referred to as edge devices, such as a first edge device, a second edge device, a third edge device, and a fourth edge device).
  • a source station device such as a first source station device
  • a central device such as a first central device and a second central device
  • edge devices such as a first edge device, a second edge device, a third edge device, and a fourth edge device.
  • the number of the source station device, the central device, and the edge device in the networking device 100 may be one or more, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the edge device in the networking device 100 regularly reports the node device log to the operation and maintenance device 200, and the node device log reported by the edge device includes status information of the edge device, video stream information of the edge device, and an identifier of the edge device.
  • the node device log reported by the edge device also includes the type of the edge device, the number of clients that the edge device can support, the online and offline status of the edge device, the number of times the edge device is overloaded, and the like.
  • the status information of the edge device includes but is not limited to at least one of the following: capacity information of the edge device, the number of clients connected to the edge device, the area where the edge device is located (that is, the area where the edge node where the edge device is deployed, for example, Republic), the operator to which the edge device belongs (that is, the manufacturer of the edge node that deploys the edge device), the update time of the status information of the edge device, etc.
  • capacity information of the edge device refers to the bandwidth information of the edge device.
  • the capacity information of the edge device includes: the construction bandwidth of the edge device (that is, the bandwidth of the edge node rented), the edge device real-time bandwidth, bandwidth usage, bandwidth occupied by video streams pushed or pulled by edge devices, remaining bandwidth of edge devices, etc.
  • the video stream information of the above-mentioned edge device includes: push stream information and pull stream information, wherein the push stream information refers to the information of the video stream pushed to the edge device, and specifically may include the bandwidth occupied by the video stream, the identifier of the video stream, the video The frame rate of the stream, the bit rate of the video stream, the domain name of the video stream, the region where the client pushing the video stream is located, and the operator it belongs to, etc.
  • Pull stream information refers to the information of the video stream pulled from the edge device, which may specifically include the bandwidth occupied by the video stream, the identifier of the video stream, the frame rate of the video stream, the code rate of the video stream, the domain name of the video stream, and the The region where the client of the video stream is located and the operator it belongs to.
  • the above identifier of the edge device is used to identify the corresponding edge device.
  • the identifier of the edge device may be the IP address of the edge node where the edge device is located, or the number of the edge device.
  • the type of the above edge device is used to identify the purpose of the edge device.
  • the type of the first edge device is an edge device, which is used to serve local users nearby, so as to ensure the quality of service and experience when users upload and watch video streams.
  • the above-mentioned number of clients supported by the edge device refers to the maximum number of clients that can be connected to the edge device.
  • the online and offline status of the edge device is used to indicate whether the edge device is running normally.
  • the source station device and the central device in the networking device 100 may also periodically report the node device logs to the operation and maintenance device. It should be understood that the node device logs reported by the source station device and the central device in the networking device 100 to the operation and maintenance device 200 are similar to the node device logs reported by the above-mentioned edge devices, and will not be described here for simplicity.
  • the operation and maintenance device 200 is used to receive the node device logs reported by the edge devices in the networking device 100, and analyze these node device logs to obtain the status information of each edge device, the video stream information of each edge device, and the status information of each edge device.
  • the ID of the edge device may also obtain the number of clients that each edge device can support, the online and offline status of each edge device, the number of load overloads of each edge device, and the like.
  • the operation and maintenance device 200 is also configured to store the information obtained by parsing the log of the node device of the edge device. Moreover, the operation and maintenance device 200 supports persistent storage, that is, the above information will not be lost when the operation and maintenance device 200 is restarted.
  • the operation and maintenance device 200 also provides a query function. In the embodiment of the present application, the scheduling device 400 can query the status information and video stream information of each edge device in the networking device 100 from the operation and maintenance device 200 .
  • the operation and maintenance device 200 may also receive the node device logs reported by the source station device and the central device, and Analyze the node device logs reported by the source station device and the central device to obtain relevant information about the source station device and the central device.
  • the relevant information of the source station device and the central device obtained by the operation and maintenance device 200 by analyzing the node device logs reported by the source station device and the central device, and the node device logs reported by the above-mentioned operation and maintenance device 200 to the edge device
  • the relevant information of the edge device obtained through analysis is similar, and for the sake of brevity, no further description is given here.
  • the node management device 300 is used for constructing a node device map and storing the node device map.
  • the node device map includes node device information of edge devices in the networking device 100 .
  • the node device information of each edge device includes, but is not limited to: the identity of the edge device, the area where the edge device is located, the operator to which the edge device belongs, the construction bandwidth of the edge device, the remaining bandwidth of the edge device, and the number of devices that the edge device can support. Quantity, the online and offline status of edge devices, and the number of times that edge devices are overloaded.
  • the node management device 300 regularly collects node device information of edge devices in the networking device 100, and builds the above node device map according to the collected node device information. What needs to be explained here is that the node device map is different from the status information of the node devices stored in the operation and maintenance device 200. Compared with the node device map, the status information of the node devices stored in the operation and maintenance device 200 is real-time of.
  • the time period for the edge device to report the node device log to the operation and maintenance device 200 is shorter than the time period for the node management device 300 to collect the node device information of the edge device, for example, the edge device reports a node to the operation and maintenance device 200 every 15 minutes device log, and the node management device 300 collects the node device information of the edge device every half a month, then the status information of the node device stored in the operation and maintenance device 200 is updated every 15 minutes, and the node device map is updated every half month. It is updated once a month. Therefore, compared with the node device map, the status information of the node devices stored in the operation and maintenance device 200 is real-time.
  • the foregoing node device map further includes node device information of the source station device and the central device in the networking device 100 .
  • the node device information of the source station device and the central device in the networking device 100 is similar to the above node device information of the edge device, and for the sake of brevity, no further description is given here.
  • the node management device 300 is also configured to receive multiple groups of lines sent by the scheduling device 400, and store the above multiple groups of lines.
  • the node management device 300 also provides a query function.
  • the scheduling device 400 can query the node device map and the above-mentioned multiple groups of lines from the node management device 300 .
  • the node management device 300 is also used to provide domain name resolution services. As shown in FIG. 2 , the node management device 300 includes a DNS server 310 . When the client wants to access the video stream, it first sends a domain name resolution request to the DNS server 310, and then the DNS server 310 resolves the domain name in the request to obtain the corresponding IP address, and returns the IP address to the client. In order to enable the client to access the edge device in the networking device 100 .
  • the scheduling device 400 is used to implement scheduling of video streams. Specifically, the scheduling device 400 obtains the characteristics of the video stream through the operation and maintenance device 200, and determines an edge device suitable for client access according to the characteristics of the video stream, so that the client can obtain the video stream at a relatively low cost.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the scheduling device 400 in the embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that FIG. 3 is only an exemplary structural schematic diagram showing the scheduling device 400, and the present application does not limit the various modules in the scheduling device 400. division. As shown in FIG. 3 , the scheduling device 400 includes a receiving module 410 , a traffic forecasting module 420 , a route planning module 430 and a scheduling management module 440 . Optionally, the scheduling device 400 further includes a traffic planning module 450 . The function of each module in the scheduling device 400 is briefly described below:
  • Receiving module 410 When the client sends a request to pull a video stream to the first edge device in the networking device 100, if the first edge device does not store the video stream, then the first edge device sends a request to the receiving module 410 Send a scheduling request, in this case, the receiving module 410 is used to receive the scheduling request sent by the first edge device, and obtain the feature of the video stream from the operation and maintenance device 200, and then send the feature of the video stream to Schedule management module 440 .
  • the receiving module 410 is also configured to query the features of the historical video stream from the operation and maintenance device 200 , and send the found features of the historical video stream to the traffic prediction module 420 .
  • the domain name of each historical video stream is domain name A, that is, each historical video stream is accessed through domain name A.
  • the identification of each historical video stream is different.
  • the operation and maintenance device 200 stores the streaming information of the video stream reported by the edge device, wherein the streaming information of the video stream reported by the edge device includes the characteristics of the video stream requested by the client and the history of the video stream. feature. More specifically, the characteristics of the video stream requested by the client include but are not limited to one or more of the following: the traffic of the video stream, the number of clients accessing the video stream, the The operator, the region where the client accessing the video stream is located, and the region with the largest number of clients accessing the video stream.
  • each historical video stream includes, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: the traffic of the historical video stream, the identification of the client accessing the historical video stream, the region where the client accessing the historical video stream is located, the The operator to which the client of the video stream belongs, the time when the operation and maintenance device 200 records the feature, the identifier of the edge device that uploads the corresponding streaming information, the domain name of the historical video stream (i.e. domain name A), the name of the historical video stream Identification, the bandwidth consumed by transmitting the historical video stream, the current number of clients accessing the historical video stream, the cumulative number of clients accessing the historical video stream, the frame rate of the historical video stream, the historical video stream code rate etc.
  • the receiving module 410 is also configured to query the operation and maintenance device 200 to obtain the real-time status information of each edge device in the networking device 100, and send the real-time status information of each edge device to the scheduling management module 440 for scheduling
  • the management module 440 determines an edge device suitable for the client to access.
  • the receiving module 410 can obtain the online and offline status of each edge device in real time, and when the receiving module 410 determines that a certain edge device is in the online state (i.e., running normally), notify the scheduling management module 440 that the edge device is in the online state, then,
  • the edge device to be accessed allocated by the scheduling management module 440 for the client may be the edge device.
  • the receiving module 410 determines that a certain edge device is in the offline state (i.e. abnormal operation, for example, failure), it notifies the scheduling management module 440 that the edge device is in the offline state, then the scheduling management device 440 assigns the client to be connected The incoming edge device will not be this edge device.
  • a certain edge device i.e. abnormal operation, for example, failure
  • 2Traffic prediction module 420 used to receive the characteristics of the historical video stream sent by the above-mentioned receiving module 410, and predict the traffic of the video stream under the domain name A in the future according to the characteristics of the above-mentioned historical video stream, and obtain the predicted traffic value.
  • the traffic forecasting module 420 is also configured to send the traffic forecasting value to the route planning module 430 .
  • the traffic prediction module 420 adopts an artificial intelligence model (such as a prophet model) that has a better effect on traffic prediction of video streams, uses the features of the historical video streams queried above as input to the model, and outputs the above-mentioned traffic forecast.
  • the traffic prediction value may include traffic prediction values at multiple granularities, and the multiple granularities may include time, the operator to which the client belongs, the area where the client is located, the access popularity of the video stream, or a combination of the above granularities Wait.
  • the access popularity of the video stream refers to the number of clients accessing the video stream.
  • the video stream can be divided into cold stream and warm stream according to the access popularity of the video stream. and heat flow.
  • a cold stream refers to a video stream with low access popularity
  • a hot stream refers to a video stream with a high access popularity
  • a warm stream refers to a video stream with a higher access popularity than a cold stream but less than a hot stream.
  • the video stream is a cold stream
  • the video stream is a hot stream
  • the video stream is a hot stream
  • the video stream is a warm stream.
  • the above-mentioned first threshold and second threshold may be preset, or may be dynamically adjusted by the scheduling device 400 according to actual conditions, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the flow prediction value includes the cold flow value of multiple regions and the warm flow value of each region, wherein the cold flow value of multiple regions refers to the predicted multiple
  • the sum of the traffic consumed by clients accessing the cold flow under domain name A, and the operators of multiple clients in the above-mentioned multiple regions may be the same or different.
  • the cold flow under domain name A refers to access through domain name A and the number of visits is less than the first threshold;
  • the warm flow traffic value of each region refers to the predicted sum of the traffic consumed by multiple clients located in the region to access the warm flow under the domain name A, and, The operators of multiple clients in each area may be the same or different.
  • Warm streams under domain name A refer to video streams that are accessed through domain name A and whose number of visits is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold.
  • the flow prediction value may also include flow prediction values of other granularities, for example, flow prediction values in different time periods, flow prediction values in different regions, flow prediction values of heat flow, etc., which are not specifically limited in this application.
  • Line planning module 430 used to receive the traffic prediction value sent by the traffic prediction module 420, and configure multiple groups of lines for the domain name A according to the traffic prediction value, each group of lines includes at least one edge device in the networking device 100.
  • the line planning module 430 is further configured to send the above configured groups of lines to the node management device 300 .
  • the line planning module 430 can determine multiple edge devices from the edge devices in the networking device 100 according to the access popularity of the video stream, so as to configure one or more sets of cold flow lines for the domain name A, and One or more sets of temperature flow lines. Specifically, since the number of clients accessing the cold flow is small, in the embodiment of the present application, one or more groups of cold flow circuits are configured for multiple regions. Wherein, the sum of the remaining capacity of the edge devices in each group of cold flow lines is greater than the predicted traffic consumed by clients located in multiple regions to access the cold flow under the domain name A.
  • one or more groups of warm flow lines are configured for each area.
  • the area where the edge device is located in each group of warm flow lines is the same, and the sum of the remaining capacity of the edge devices in each group of warm flow lines is greater than the predicted flow consumed by the client located in this area to access the warm flow under the domain name A .
  • the area where the edge devices are located can be considered, so that the area where the edge devices included in each set of cold flow lines are located is the same, and the remaining capacity of the edge devices included in each set of cold flow lines The sum is greater than the predicted traffic consumed by the client belonging to the corresponding operator to access the cold flow under the domain name A.
  • the operator to which the edge devices belong can be considered, so that the edge devices included in each set of cold flow lines belong to the same operator, and the remaining capacity of the edge devices in each set of cold flow lines The sum is greater than the predicted traffic consumed by the client belonging to the corresponding operator to access the cold flow under the domain name A.
  • the networking device 100 includes 15 edge devices (namely S1-S15), wherein, the operators of S1, S2, S4, S5, S8, S12, S13, and S15 are operator A, and S1, S2 , S12, S13, and S15 are located in area A, and S4, S5, and S8 are located in area B; operator B deploys in area A the The operator is operator B, and the area where S3, S9, and S10 are located is area A, and the area where S6, S7, S11, and S14 is located is area B.
  • the line planning module 430 can obtain two sets of cold flow lines as shown in FIG. 4 according to the above method, that is, line 1 and line 2 .
  • line 1 includes S1 and S5
  • line 2 includes S3 and S7.
  • the sum of the remaining capacity of S1 and S5 in line 1 is greater than the predicted traffic consumed by the client belonging to operator A to access the cold flow under domain name A
  • the remaining capacity of S3 and S7 in line 2 is greater than the predicted amount belonging to operator B
  • the operator to which the edge device belongs and the area where the edge node is located may be considered, so that the operator and area to which the edge devices in each set of cold flow lines belong are the same, and, The sum of the remaining capacity of the edge devices in each group of cold flow lines is greater than the predicted traffic consumed by the client belonging to the corresponding operator to access the cold flow under the domain name A.
  • the line planning module 430 can obtain four sets of cold flow lines as shown in FIG. S15, line 4 includes S5 and S8, line 5 includes S9 and S10, line 6 includes S7 and S11.
  • the sum of the remaining capacity of S1 and S15 in line 3 is greater than the predicted traffic consumed by the client belonging to operator A to access the cold flow under domain name A, and the remaining capacity of S5 and S8 in line 4 is greater than the predicted amount belonging to operator A
  • the capacity of S9 and S10 in line 5 is greater than the predicted traffic consumed by the client belonging to operator B to access the cold stream under domain name A
  • S7 and S11 in line 6 The remaining capacity of is greater than the predicted traffic consumed by clients belonging to operator B to access cold streams under domain name A.
  • the operator to which the edge device belongs and the area where the edge device is located may be considered, so that the operator and area where the edge devices in each set of warm flow lines belong are the same, and, The sum of the remaining capacity of the edge devices in each group of warm flow lines is greater than the predicted traffic consumed by clients belonging to the corresponding operator and located in the corresponding area to access warm flow under the domain name A.
  • the line planning module 430 can obtain 4 sets of warm-flow lines as shown in FIG. 6 , that is, lines 7 to 10 .
  • line 7 includes S1, S2 and S12
  • line 8 includes S4 and S5
  • line 9 includes S3 and S9
  • line 10 includes S11 and S14.
  • the sum of the remaining capacity of S1, S2, and S12 in line 7 is greater than the predicted traffic consumed by clients belonging to operator A and located in area A to access warm flow under domain name A; the remaining capacity of S4 and S5 in line 8 The sum is greater than the predicted traffic consumed by clients belonging to operator A and located in area B to access warm flow under domain name A; the sum of the remaining capacity of S3 and S9 in line 9 is greater than the predicted And the traffic consumed by clients located in area A to access Wenliu under domain name A; the sum of the remaining capacity of S11 and S14 in line 10 is greater than the predicted client belonging to operator B and located in area B to access domain name A The flow consumed by the warm flow.
  • the line planning module 430 configures lines (including cold flow lines and warm flow lines) in the above manner, node multiplexing may occur, that is, an edge device in the networking device 100 may be configured To multiple sets of lines, for example, the above S1 is both on line 1 and on line 3. Then, the multiple groups of lines configured in this case should meet the following conditions:
  • the sum of the capacity of the edge devices belonging to the same operator in the multiple groups of lines is greater than the predicted cold flow under the domain name A accessed by the client belonging to the same operator and the flow consumed by warm flow.
  • the sum of the capacity of S1, S2, S4, S5, and S12 included in line 1 and line 7 is greater than the predicted traffic consumed by clients belonging to operator A to access cold flow and warm flow under domain name A.
  • the sum of the capacities of the edge devices belonging to the same operator and located in the same area in multiple groups of lines is greater than the predicted traffic consumed by clients belonging to the same operator and located in the same area to access the warm and cold flows under domain name A .
  • the sum of the capacity of S1, S5, and S15 included in line 1 and line 3 is greater than the predicted traffic consumed by the client belonging to operator A and located in area A to access the warm flow under domain name A and belonging to operator A to access The sum of traffic consumed by cold streams under domain name A.
  • the sum of the capacity of the edge devices in the multiple groups of lines is greater than the predicted cold flow and warm flow under the domain name A accessed by clients located in multiple regions. Consumed traffic. Moreover, the sum of the capacities of the edge devices located in the same area in multiple lines is greater than the predicted traffic consumed by clients belonging to the same operator and located in the same area to access the warm and cold streams under domain name A.
  • the line planning module 430 may also configure lines for the domain name A in combination with other information, for example, according to the priority of the client accessing the video stream under the domain name A, Access cost and other information configure lines for domain name A.
  • the above step of configuring multiple groups of lines for the domain name A may be performed by the line planning module 430 , or may be performed by the above node management apparatus 300 . It should be understood that the manner in which the node management device 300 configures multiple groups of lines for the domain name A is consistent with the foregoing manner, and will not be described here for simplicity.
  • the above-mentioned line planning module 430 is used to perform line configuration on the domain name A, instead of performing line configuration on each video stream under the domain name A. will change, while the domain name of the stream will not change over time. For example, the address of the live broadcast room allocated to anchor A by the live broadcast platform may be different every day, resulting in different identifications of the video streams uploaded by anchor A every day, but the domain names of these video streams are all the domain names of the live broadcast platform. If the line planning module 430 performs line configuration for a video stream, then when the video stream ID changes, the scheduling device 400 cannot obtain the configured line according to the changed video stream ID, and thus cannot obtain the scheduling result.
  • the line planning module 430 can be used to configure the line for the video stream. It should be understood that the process of line configuration for the video stream by the line planning module 430 is similar to the above process of line configuration for the domain name A, and will not be described here for simplicity.
  • Scheduling management module 440 used to receive the characteristics of the video stream sent by the above-mentioned receiving module 410, and then select a target scheduling strategy from at least one scheduling strategy according to the characteristics of the video stream, and determine the suitable client access according to the target scheduling strategy
  • the edge device of is the second edge device.
  • the scheduling management module 440 is further configured to store the above at least one scheduling policy. Considering that in practical applications, some video streams have higher access popularity, while some video streams have lower access popularity, and, compared with high-access video streams, low-access video streams require less bandwidth. To bring users a better experience (for example, users can watch smooth and clear videos), therefore, this embodiment of the application configures different scheduling strategies for video streams with different access popularity, as follows:
  • the first scheduling policy which is configured for cold flow. For cold streams, since the number of clients accessing cold streams is small, less bandwidth is required to bring better experience to users. Therefore, the first scheduling strategy is used to indicate: the clients accessing cold streams will receive Enter the edge device in the configured cold flow line, and connect the clients accessing the same cold flow to the same edge device.
  • the first scheduling strategy may also indicate: according to the operator to which the client belongs, connect the client accessing the cold flow to the cold flow line configured above (the cold flow line here is configured taking into account the The edge device in the operator), and connect the clients accessing the same cold flow to the same edge device.
  • the client uploading the cold stream is located in the same area as most of the clients requesting the cold stream. Therefore, the first scheduling policy can also be used to indicate that clients belonging to the same operator and accessing the same cold flow will access the same edge device located in the target area, wherein, compared with other areas, the target area is the The region with the highest number of cold stream clients.
  • the second scheduling strategy which is configured for warm flow.
  • the second scheduling policy is used to indicate: according to the operator and the area where the client belongs, the clients who will access the warm flow Connect to the edge device in the warm flow line configured above, and connect the clients located in the same area and accessing the same warm flow to the same edge device.
  • the second scheduling strategy can also indicate: according to the operator to which the client belongs and the area where the client is located, connect the client accessing the warm flow to each group of warm flow lines configured above (here the warm flow The edge device of the operator to which the edge device belongs is taken into account when the line is configured, and clients belonging to the same operator, located in the same area, and accessing the same warm stream are connected to the same edge device.
  • the third scheduling strategy which is configured for heat flow. For the hot stream, since the number of clients accessing the hot stream is the largest, more bandwidth is needed to bring a better experience to users, so the third scheduling strategy is used to instruct the clients that will access the hot stream to connect to the corresponding edge device nearby .
  • the scheduling management module 440 is further configured to send the information of the second edge device to the first edge device.
  • the first edge device receives the information of the second edge device, it can send the information of the second edge device to the above-mentioned client, so that the client resends the streaming request to the second edge device, so as to obtain the requested video stream.
  • 5Traffic planning module 450 used to obtain the traffic prediction value of the domain name A predicted by the traffic prediction module 420, and combine the distribution of each edge device in the networking device 100, the construction bandwidth, the load overload times of the edge device and other information to perform traffic flow Planning, so as to allocate edge devices with corresponding capacity required in the future (for example, next week, next month) for domain name A in advance, so that future clients can obtain a better experience when accessing video streams under domain name A. For example, among the clients currently located in a certain area, there are fewer clients accessing video streams under the domain name A, then, the traffic planning module 450 can allocate less bandwidth for this area when performing traffic planning, that is, for this area The sum of allocated edge devices has less capacity.
  • the deployment of the video stream scheduling system shown in FIG. 2 is flexible, and can be specifically deployed in a cloud environment (also known as a public cloud, a central cloud).
  • the cloud environment uses basic resources to provide users with The cloud service entity, the cloud environment includes cloud data centers and cloud service platforms, cloud data centers include a large number of basic resources (including computing resources, storage resources and network resources) owned by cloud service providers, and the computing resources included in cloud data centers can be A large number of computing devices (such as servers).
  • the video stream scheduling system can be independently deployed on servers or virtual machines in the cloud data center, or each part of the video stream scheduling system is deployed on multiple servers in the cloud data center, or deployed on cloud Multiple virtual machines in the data center, or deployed on servers and virtual machines in the cloud data center respectively.
  • the above-mentioned video stream scheduling system is abstracted by the cloud service provider into a video stream scheduling cloud service on the cloud service platform and provided to the live broadcast platform.
  • the live broadcast platform purchases the cloud service on the cloud service platform (for example, you can
  • the pre-charge is then settled according to the usage of the final resources, or paid according to the usage time)
  • the cloud environment uses the video stream scheduling system deployed in the cloud data center to provide the cloud service of video stream scheduling to the live broadcast platform.
  • the video stream scheduling system allocates edge nodes suitable for access to clients requesting video streams, thereby reducing the cost spent in the video stream scheduling process.
  • the cloud services provided by cloud vendors to the live broadcast platform can be divided into two parts: basic cloud services and value-added cloud services.
  • the basic cloud service is the video service provided by the above-mentioned networking device 100
  • the video service provided by the networking device 100 to the client includes: the anchor can upload the live content through the networking device 100, and encode and transfer the live content encoding, resolution conversion, frame rate conversion, code rate conversion, etc., and viewers can also watch the live content of the anchor through the networking device 100.
  • the value-added cloud service is a cloud service for video stream scheduling provided by the operation and maintenance device 200 , the node management device 300 and the scheduling device 400 . In this way, the live broadcast platform can selectively purchase cloud services.
  • the viewer client will connect to the nearest local edge node to obtain the live content you want to watch. If the live broadcast platform purchases value-added cloud services, the viewer client will connect to the appropriate edge node assigned by the video stream scheduling system, thereby reducing the cost of the video stream scheduling process and reducing the overall cost of the live broadcast platform. cost.
  • the foregoing video stream scheduling system may also be deployed in an edge environment (also called an edge cloud).
  • the edge environment is a collection of edge data centers or edge computing devices (such as edge servers) that are closer to clients. Clients include smartphones, desktop computers, laptops, tablets, and more.
  • the above-mentioned video stream scheduling system may be separately deployed on an edge server or a virtual machine in the edge environment, or each part of the video stream scheduling system is deployed on multiple edge servers in the edge environment, or Multiple virtual machines, or some are deployed on the edge server, and some are deployed on virtual machines.
  • the above-mentioned video stream scheduling system may also be distributed and deployed in different scenarios, and different environments may include the above-mentioned cloud environment and the above-mentioned edge environment.
  • different environments may include the above-mentioned cloud environment and the above-mentioned edge environment.
  • part of the above video stream scheduling system is deployed in a cloud environment, and another part is deployed in an edge environment.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic flowchart of a video stream scheduling method provided by the present application. As shown in Figure 7, the method includes but is not limited to the following steps:
  • the first edge device receives a streaming request sent by a client.
  • the first edge device is an edge device in the networking device 100 .
  • Pull requests are used to pull video streams.
  • the stream pull request includes the domain name of the video stream (namely domain name A), the identifier of the video stream, the operator to which the client belongs, the region where the client is located, and the like.
  • the client when the client wants to access the video stream, the client first sends a domain name resolution request to the DNS server 310, wherein the domain name resolution request includes domain name A, and the IP address corresponding to the domain name A is stored in the DNS server 310.
  • the DNS server 310 After receiving the domain name resolution request, the DNS server 310 resolves the domain name A in the request, and determines that the IP address corresponding to the domain name A is the IP address of the first edge device.
  • the DNS server 310 sends the IP address of the first edge device to the client.
  • the client After receiving the IP address of the first edge device, the client sends the stream pull request to the first edge device.
  • the first edge device is the edge device closest to the client, so as to provide the client with faster response capability and connection speed.
  • the first edge device In the case that the first edge device does not store the video stream pulled by the client, the first edge device sends a scheduling request to the scheduling device 400 .
  • the scheduling request is used to instruct the scheduling device 400 to allocate an edge device to be accessed by the client, so as to order the client to pull the video stream at a lower cost.
  • the scheduling request includes at least one of the area where the client is located, the operator to which the client belongs, the domain name A, and the identifier of the video stream.
  • the first edge device if the first edge device stores the video stream pulled by the client, the first edge device returns the video stream to the client.
  • the scheduling device 400 receives the above scheduling request, and acquires features of the video stream.
  • the operation and maintenance device 200 stores at least one of the traffic of the video stream, the operator to which the client accessing the video stream belongs, and the region where the client accessing the video stream is located.
  • the operation and maintenance device 200 can also count the number of clients accessing the video stream according to the node device logs reported by multiple edge devices (including the first edge device) in the networking device 100. Therefore, the operation and maintenance device 200 The number of clients accessing the video stream may also be stored.
  • the scheduling device 400 obtains the characteristics of the video stream, including: the scheduling device 400 queries the operation and maintenance device 200 for the characteristics of the video stream, wherein the characteristics of the video stream include the traffic of the video stream, the client accessing the video stream belongs to At least one of the operator, the region where the client accessing the video stream is located, and the number of clients accessing the video stream.
  • the scheduling device 400 determines the second edge device according to the characteristics of the video stream.
  • the scheduling device 400 stores at least one scheduling strategy, then, the scheduling device 400 determines the second edge device according to the characteristics of the video stream, including: obtaining the target scheduling from at least one scheduling strategy according to the characteristics of the video stream policy, and then determine the second edge device according to the target scheduling policy.
  • the second edge device is an edge device in the networking device 100 .
  • the at least one scheduling strategy includes a first scheduling strategy and a second scheduling strategy.
  • the target scheduling strategy is the first scheduling strategy; when the number of clients accessing the video stream is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, the target scheduling strategy is Second scheduling strategy.
  • the scheduling device 400 determines the second edge device according to the target scheduling policy, including: obtaining the line corresponding to the target scheduling policy, and then according to the identifier and domain name A of the video stream, from the line corresponding to the target scheduling policy Acquiring a second edge device, wherein the line corresponding to the target scheduling policy includes at least one edge device.
  • the node management device 300 stores lines corresponding to the target scheduling policy (including the first line and the second line), then the scheduling device 400 obtains the lines corresponding to the target scheduling policy, including: querying the node management device 300 The line corresponding to the target scheduling policy, so as to obtain the line corresponding to the target scheduling policy.
  • the target scheduling strategy is the first scheduling strategy
  • the line corresponding to the target scheduling strategy is the first line
  • the first line is a cold flow line
  • the first line includes at least one edge device for transmitting cold flow
  • the target is the second scheduling strategy
  • the line corresponding to the target scheduling strategy is the second line
  • the second line is a warm flow line
  • the second line includes at least one edge device for transmitting warm flow.
  • the first circuit may be one of the multiple sets of cold flow circuits configured by the scheduling device 400 in the manner described above
  • the second circuit may be the multiple groups of warm flow circuits configured by the scheduling device 400 in the manner described above in a group.
  • the operators to which at least one edge device in the first line belongs may be the same or different, and similarly, the operators to which at least one edge device in the second line belongs may be the same or different.
  • the scheduling device 400 queries the operation and maintenance device 200 about the characteristics of multiple historical video streams, wherein each historical video stream is Access is made through the domain name of the video stream and the identification of each historical video stream is different. Then, the scheduling device 400 predicts the cold flow value in multiple areas and the warm flow value in each area according to the characteristics of the multiple historical video streams, wherein the cold flow value indicates a video stream whose number of visits is less than the first threshold
  • the traffic of the video stream (that is, the cold stream), and the traffic of the warm stream indicates the traffic of the video stream (that is, the warm stream) whose access quantity is greater than the first threshold and smaller than the second threshold.
  • the dispatching device 400 configures and obtains the first line and the second line according to the above cold flow value and warm flow value. Then, the scheduling device 400 sends the configured first line and the second line to the node management device 300 . Finally, the node management device 300 receives the above-mentioned first line and the second line, and stores the above-mentioned first line and the second line.
  • the scheduling device 400 obtains the second edge device from the line corresponding to the target scheduling strategy according to the identifier of the video stream and the domain name A, including: the scheduling device 400 adopts a hash algorithm, based on the domain name A, video The identifier of the flow and the state information of each edge device in the line corresponding to the target scheduling policy are used to calculate the second edge device.
  • the scheduling device 400 may store the identifier of the video stream, the target scheduling policy, and the correspondence between the second edge device. Then, after the scheduling device 400 determines the target scheduling policy, The second edge device may be directly determined according to the above correspondence. It should be understood that the above correspondence can be pre-configured by the user, or dynamically adjusted by the scheduling device 400 according to the actual situation (for example: status information of each edge device in the line corresponding to the target scheduling policy), which is not limited in this application.
  • the feature of the video stream also includes the target area.
  • the target area When the number of clients accessing the video stream is less than the first threshold, that is, when the target scheduling policy is the first scheduling policy, the second edge device is deployed in the target area. Edge device in .
  • the target area can be the Among the regions where the client resides, the region with the largest number of clients.
  • the at least one scheduling strategy further includes a third scheduling strategy, and when the number of clients accessing the video stream is greater than a second threshold, the target scheduling strategy is the third scheduling strategy. At this time, the second edge device and the first edge device are the same edge device.
  • the scheduling device 400 inquires the node management device 300 about the cold stream line corresponding to operator A (that is, line 1), obtains S1 and S5, and then combines the identification of the video stream and the domain name A As well as the state information of S1 and S5, it is determined that the second edge device is S1. Further, if it is considered that most of the clients currently accessing the video stream are located in area B, then the second edge device is S5.
  • the scheduling device 400 inquires the node management device 300 about the hot stream line (ie, line 7) corresponding to operator A and area A, obtains S1, S2 and S12, and then combines the identification of the video stream , domain name A, and state information of S1, S2, and S12, and determine that the target edge device is S2.
  • the hot stream line ie, line 7
  • the scheduling device 400 determines that the second edge device is the first edge device, namely S1.
  • the scheduling device 400 returns a scheduling response to the first edge device.
  • the scheduling response is used to indicate that the edge device to be accessed by the client is the second edge device, and optionally, the scheduling response includes the IP address of the second edge device.
  • the first edge device receives the scheduling response returned by the scheduling device 400, generates a redirection response according to the scheduling response, and returns a redirection response to the client.
  • the redirection response includes a redirection URL and a redirection status code
  • the redirection URL points to the second edge device
  • the redirection status code is used to instruct the client to jump to the edge device pointed to by the redirection URL (ie, the second edge device)
  • the redirect status code may be a 302 redirect status code.
  • the client receives the redirection response returned by the first edge device, and sends a stream pull request to the second edge device, where the stream pull request is used to pull the aforementioned video stream.
  • the second edge device receives the streaming request sent by the client, and returns the video stream to the client.
  • the second edge device After the second edge device receives the streaming request sent by the client, if the second edge device stores the video stream, the second edge device returns the video stream to the client. If the second edge device does not store the video stream, the second edge device acquires the video stream in a back-to-source manner, and returns the acquired video stream to the client.
  • the scheduling device 400 can also use the following method to make the second edge device send the video stream to the client: the scheduling device 400 sends the second edge device The second edge device sends a streaming request, so that the second edge device sends the video stream to the client.
  • the streaming request includes the IP address of the client and the identification of the video stream.
  • the scheduling device 400 can also obtain flow prediction values at multiple granularities according to the characteristics of the above-mentioned multiple historical video streams, for example , the flow value in the next month, and the heat flow flow value in the next week. Then, the scheduling device 400 can perform traffic planning for the domain name A according to the predicted traffic forecast values of multiple granularities, so as to allocate an edge device with corresponding capacity for the domain name A, so that future (for example, next week, next month) customers The client can obtain a better experience when accessing the video stream under the domain name A.
  • the above embodiment does not introduce the process of the dispatching device 400 predicting the cold flow values in multiple regions and the warm flow values in each region.
  • the above flow prediction module 420 the above implementation
  • This example does not introduce the first scheduling strategy, the second scheduling strategy, and the third scheduling strategy in detail.
  • the introduction of the above-mentioned scheduling management module 440 the above-mentioned embodiment does not configure the scheduling device 400 with the first line and the second line.
  • the above-mentioned route planning module 430 please refer to the introduction of the above-mentioned route planning module 430.
  • the above scheduling device can assign a more suitable edge device for access to the client, that is, the second edge device.
  • the cost for the client to pull the video stream from the second edge device is lower than the cost for the client to pull the video stream from the first edge device, thereby reducing the cost spent in the video stream scheduling process.
  • the preceding content introduces the scheduling device 400 provided by the present application in detail, and how to use the scheduling device 400 to realize the scheduling of video streams.
  • the scheduling device 400 is further introduced below in conjunction with FIG. 3 , FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a scheduling device 400 provided by the present application.
  • the scheduling device 400 includes a receiving module 410 , a traffic forecasting module 420 , a route planning module 430 and a scheduling management module 440 .
  • the scheduling device 400 further includes a traffic planning module 450 .
  • the receiving module 410 is used to perform the step of querying the operation and maintenance device 200 for the characteristics of multiple historical videos in the above S103 and the above S104
  • the traffic prediction module 420 is used to perform the above S104 according to the characteristics of multiple historical video streams.
  • the line planning module 430 is used to execute the above S104 according to the cold flow value of multiple regions and the warm flow value of each region, configure the first step The steps of the first line and the second line, and the step of sending the first line and the second line to the node management device 300;
  • the scheduling management module 440 is used to perform the relevant steps of determining the second edge device according to the characteristics of the video stream in S104 above And the above S105;
  • the traffic planning module 450 is used to execute the traffic planning for the domain name A according to the traffic forecast value under multiple granularities in the above method embodiment, so as to allocate the domain name A in advance (for example, next week, next 1) Steps for edge devices.
  • the deployment of the scheduling device 400 is flexible, and specifically, it may be deployed in a cloud environment.
  • the scheduling device 400 can be independently deployed on a server or a virtual machine in a cloud data center, or can be deployed distributedly on multiple servers in a cloud data center, or distributed in a On multiple virtual machines in the cloud data center, or distributedly deployed on servers and virtual machines in the cloud data center.
  • the scheduling apparatus 400 may also be deployed in an edge environment.
  • the scheduling device 400 may be deployed individually on an edge server or a virtual machine in the edge environment, or may be deployed in a distributed manner on multiple edge servers in the edge environment, or on multiple Virtual machines, or part of them are deployed on edge servers, and some are deployed on virtual machines.
  • the scheduling apparatus 400 may also be distributed and deployed in different scenarios, and different environments may include the aforementioned cloud environment and the aforementioned edge environment.
  • different environments may include the aforementioned cloud environment and the aforementioned edge environment.
  • some modules in the scheduling device 400 are deployed in a cloud environment, and another part of modules are deployed in an edge environment.
  • the computing device deployed with the scheduling device 400 may be a computing device as shown in FIG. 8 equipment.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a computing device 500 deployed with the scheduling apparatus 400 .
  • the computing device 500 includes a memory 510 , a processor 520 , a communication interface 530 and a bus 540 .
  • the memory 510 , the processor 520 , and the communication interface 530 are connected to each other through the bus 540 .
  • the memory 510 may be a read only memory (read only memory, ROM), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device or a random access memory (random access memory, RAM).
  • the memory 510 may store programs, for example, programs in the receiving module 410, programs in the traffic prediction module 420, programs in the route planning module 430, programs in the scheduling management module 440, programs in the traffic planning module 450, and the like.
  • the processor 520 and the communication interface 530 are used to execute part or all of the methods described in the above steps S103-S105.
  • the memory 510 may also store intermediate data or result data generated by the processor 520 during execution, for example, edge node status information, traffic forecast value, first scheduling strategy, second scheduling strategy, and so on.
  • the processor 520 may adopt a general-purpose central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), a microprocessor, an application specific integrated circuit (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), a graphics processing unit (graphics processing unit, GPU) or one or more integrated circuit.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • GPU graphics processing unit
  • the processor 520 may also be an integrated circuit chip, which has a signal processing capability. During implementation, part or all of the functions of the above-mentioned scheduling device 400 can be implemented by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 520 or instructions in the form of software.
  • the processor 520 can also be a general-purpose processor, a data signal processor (digital signal process, DSP), a field programmable logic gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, Separate hardware components to implement or execute the methods, steps and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor, etc., and the steps of the method disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application can be directly embodied as a hardware decoding processor to execute and complete, or use decoding processing
  • the combination of hardware and software modules in the device is completed.
  • the software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, register.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory 510, and the processor 520 reads the information in the memory 510, and completes part or all of the functions of the above-mentioned scheduling device 400 in combination with its hardware.
  • Communication interface 530 implements communication between computing device 500 and other devices or communication networks using means such as but not limited to transceivers. For example, the characteristics of the video stream may be queried from the operation and maintenance device 200 through the communication interface 530 , and relevant information of the second edge device may be sent to the first edge device through the communication interface 530 .
  • Bus 540 may comprise a pathway for communicating information between various components in computing device 500 (eg, memory 510 , processor 520 , communication interface 530 ).
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a computing device system deployed with the scheduling apparatus 400 .
  • the computing device system 600 includes multiple computing devices 700 , and the multiple computing devices 700 in the computing device system 600 can cooperatively implement the functions of the scheduling apparatus 400 through the execution of computer instructions by internal processors.
  • each computing device 700 includes a memory 710 , a processor 720 , a communication interface 730 and a bus 740 .
  • the memory 710 , the processor 720 , and the communication interface 730 are connected to each other through the bus 740 .
  • Memory 710 may be ROM, RAM, static storage, or dynamic storage.
  • the memory 710 may store computer instructions. When the computer instructions stored in the memory 710 are executed by the processor 720, the processor 720 and the communication interface 730 are used to execute part or all of the methods described in the above steps S103-S105.
  • the memory 510 may also store intermediate data or result data generated by the processor 520 during execution, for example, status information of edge nodes, traffic forecast value, first scheduling strategy, second scheduling strategy, and so on.
  • the processor 720 may adopt a general-purpose CPU, GPU, ASIC, microprocessor, or one or more integrated circuits.
  • the processor 720 may also be an integrated circuit chip, which has a signal processing capability.
  • part or all of the functions of the model training system of the present application can be implemented by hardware integrated logic circuits in the processor 720 or instructions in the form of software.
  • Processor 720 may also be a DSP, FPGA, other programmable logic device, general purpose processor, discrete gates, discrete hardware components, or transistor logic devices.
  • the methods, steps and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be realized or executed.
  • the general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor, etc., and the steps of the method disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application can be directly embodied as a hardware decoding processor to execute and complete, or use decoding processing
  • the combination of hardware and software modules in the device is completed.
  • the software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, register.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory 710, and the processor 720 reads the information in the memory 710, and completes part of the functions of the above-mentioned scheduling device 400 in combination with its hardware.
  • the communication interface 730 implements communication between the computing device 700 and other devices or communication networks using a transceiver module such as but not limited to a transceiver. For example, traffic prediction values calculated by other computing devices may be acquired through the communication interface 730 .
  • Bus 740 may include pathways for communicating information between various components of computing device 700 (eg, memory 710 , processor 720 , communication interface 730 ).
  • a communication path is established between each of the aforementioned computing devices 700 through a communication network.
  • a part of the scheduling device 400 runs on each computing device 700 (eg, one or more modules in the receiving module 410 , the traffic prediction module 420 , the line planning module 430 , the scheduling management module 440 , and the traffic planning module 450 ).
  • Any computing device 700 may be a server in a cloud data center, or a computing device in an edge data center, or a terminal computing device.
  • all or part may be implemented by software, hardware or a combination thereof.
  • software When implemented using software, it may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.
  • the computer program product that provides the model training system includes one or more calculation instructions executed by the model training system. When these computer program instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, all or part of the flow or process described in the embodiment diagram of the present application will be generated. Function.
  • the above-mentioned computers may be general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, computer networks, or other programmable devices.
  • the above-mentioned computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. (eg, coaxial cable, optical fiber, twisted pair, or wireless (eg, infrared, wireless, microwave), etc.) to another website site, computer, server, or data center.
  • the above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium stores computer program instructions providing a model training system.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server or a data center integrated with one or more media.
  • the above-mentioned usable medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, an optical disk), or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid state disk (solid state disk, SSD)).
  • a magnetic medium for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape
  • an optical medium for example, an optical disk
  • a semiconductor medium for example, a solid state disk (solid state disk, SSD)

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

La présente demande concerne un système de planification de flux vidéo et un produit associé. Le système comprend un premier équipement de bordure, un second équipement de bordure et un dispositif de planification. Le premier équipement de bordure est configuré pour recevoir une demande d'extraction de flux envoyée par un client, la demande d'extraction de flux étant utilisée pour extraire un flux vidéo. Le premier équipement de bordure est en outre configuré pour envoyer une demande de planification au dispositif de planification lorsque le premier équipement de bordure ne stocke pas le flux vidéo, la demande de planification étant utilisée pour ordonner au dispositif de planification d'attribuer, au client, un équipement de bordure à accéder. Le dispositif de planification est configuré pour recevoir la demande de planification, obtenir des caractéristiques du flux vidéo, puis déterminer un second équipement de bordure selon les caractéristiques du flux vidéo. Le second équipement de bordure est configuré pour pousser le flux vidéo vers le client. Par comparaison à l'extraction d'un flux vidéo à partir du premier équipement de bordure par le client, le coût d'extraction du flux vidéo à partir du second équipement de bordure par le client est moindre.
PCT/CN2022/099884 2021-06-22 2022-06-20 Système de planification de flux vidéo et produit associé WO2022268032A1 (fr)

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