WO2022262644A1 - Electronic device and method for blockchain system based on ad hoc network - Google Patents

Electronic device and method for blockchain system based on ad hoc network Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022262644A1
WO2022262644A1 PCT/CN2022/098004 CN2022098004W WO2022262644A1 WO 2022262644 A1 WO2022262644 A1 WO 2022262644A1 CN 2022098004 W CN2022098004 W CN 2022098004W WO 2022262644 A1 WO2022262644 A1 WO 2022262644A1
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node
information
blockchain system
nodes
basic information
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PCT/CN2022/098004
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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赵友平
刘建峰
孙晨
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索尼集团公司
赵友平
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Priority to CN202280041160.3A priority Critical patent/CN117480516A/en
Publication of WO2022262644A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022262644A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/382—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
    • G06Q20/3829—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction involving key management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G06Q20/401—Transaction verification

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to devices and methods for blockchain systems, and in particular to techniques for ad hoc network-based blockchain systems.
  • Blockchain technology originated from Bitcoin.
  • Bitcoin A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System published by Satoshi Nakamoto in November 2008, it expounds that it is based on encryption technology, time stamp technology, and block chain.
  • the architectural concept of the electronic cash system such as block chain technology, Bitcoin and block chain were born thereafter.
  • the blockchain system has the advantages of distributed, asymmetric encryption, non-tampering, transparent and traceable information, etc., and has very broad application scenarios.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example scenario graph 100 of an existing blockchain system.
  • each node for example, node a, node b, and node c
  • the blockchain system can establish a database server locally to store blockchain information and communicate with the network (for example, the Internet) communicate and interact.
  • the release of a node's information needs to reach other nodes via the Internet.
  • a node also needs to go through the Internet to obtain information.
  • This centralized information transmission method does not match the distributed nature of the blockchain.
  • the block based on the centralized information transmission method The chain system is barely functioning.
  • the present disclosure proposes electronic devices and methods for an ad hoc network-based blockchain system.
  • This disclosure proposes a transmission mechanism for several aspects of the blockchain system, so that the distributed characteristics of the self-organizing network and the distributed characteristics of the blockchain system are adapted, and the transaction rate of the blockchain is improved, and the network performance is improved.
  • an electronic device for a first node in a blockchain system is based on a wireless ad hoc network
  • the electronic device includes a processing circuit , the processing circuit is configured to: obtain basic information from each node in the blockchain system, the basic information at least includes the transaction information of the node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the node and the The fee that a node is willing to pay when initiating a transaction; sorting each node based on the transaction information of each node; and for a second node different from the first node in the blockchain system: in response to determining that the second node Not being used for forwarding transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node, generating the first type of power adjustment information for the second node based at least in part on the basic information of the second node; in response to determining that the second node is used In order to forward a transaction initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, at least partly
  • a method for a first node in a blockchain system the blockchain system is based on a wireless ad hoc network, and the method includes : Obtain basic information from each node in the blockchain system, the basic information includes at least the transaction information of the node, and the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating the transaction ; Based on the transaction information of each node, each node is sorted; and for the second node in the blockchain system that is different from the first node: in response to determining that the second node is not used for forwarding than the second node A transaction initiated by a node ranked higher than the second node generates first type power adjustment information for the second node based at least in part on the basic information of the second node; in response to determining that the second node is used to forward Transactions initiated by one or more nodes before the transaction, based at least in part on the basic information of
  • an electronic device for a second node in a blockchain system based on a wireless ad hoc network comprising a processing circuit , the processing circuit is configured to: send basic information to the first node in the blockchain system, the basic information includes at least the transaction information of the second node, and the transaction information includes the transaction quantity initiated by the second node The fee that the second node is willing to pay when initiating a transaction, so that the first node sorts each node based on the acquired transaction information of each node in the blockchain system; and receives the first type of power from the first node Adjustment information for adjusting the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or forwards transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system Initiated transactions where the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is based at least in part on the second node in the event that the second node is not used to forward transactions initiated by
  • a method for a second node in a blockchain system the blockchain system is based on a wireless ad hoc network, and the method includes : Send basic information to the first node in the blockchain system, the basic information includes at least the transaction information of the second node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the second node and the willingness of the second node to initiate the transaction The fee paid, so that the first node sorts each node based on the acquired transaction information of each node in the blockchain system; and receives the first type of power adjustment information from the first node for adjusting the second
  • the power of the node is such that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or forwards transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system, wherein in the second where the node is not used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node, the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is generated based at least in part
  • a computer-readable storage medium storing one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic A device performs methods according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a computer, cause the computer to perform a method according to various embodiments of the present disclosure .
  • Figure 1 shows an example scenario diagram of a blockchain system.
  • Figure 2 shows an example scenario diagram of a wireless ad hoc network.
  • Fig. 3 shows an example scenario diagram of an ad hoc network-based blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4 shows an exemplary electronic device for a first node in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 shows an exemplary electronic device for a second node in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6A shows an exemplary diagram of a first type of power adjustment for nodes in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6B shows an exemplary diagram of a second type of power adjustment for nodes in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIGS. 7A-7C show a schematic diagram of a routing protocol used in an ad hoc network-based blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 8 shows a communication interaction diagram for nodes in an ad hoc network-based blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of an example method for a first node in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of an example method for a second node in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an exemplary structure of a personal computer as an information processing device employable in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a smartphone to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a car navigation device to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example scenario diagram 200 for a wireless ad hoc network.
  • the wireless ad-hoc network adopts a distributed transmission mode.
  • the communication between nodes usually needs to be forwarded by intermediate nodes.
  • the communication between node a and node g can be via node d and node f, or via node d and node f. node c.
  • Each node uses a specific amount of power to transmit.
  • the transmission power of node a in Figure 2 allows the data it transmits to reach node b or node d, and then node b or node d can act as an intermediate node to transmit the data sent by node a.
  • the data is further forwarded to more distant nodes, such as node c and node e.
  • the networking form of the wireless ad hoc network can break through the geographical limitations of the traditional wireless cellular network, and can adapt to the fast and efficient communication requirements of some emergency situations (such as the individual soldier communication system on the battlefield).
  • the distributed transmission mode of the wireless ad hoc network is in good agreement with the distributed characteristics of the blockchain system.
  • Using the wireless ad hoc network to transmit information to the blockchain can make the blockchain system independent of traditional infrastructure, and The characteristics of non-center (distributed), self-organizing and fast networking of the wireless self-organizing network enable the blockchain to be applied to more complex and extensive wireless communication scenarios.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example scenario diagram 300 of an ad hoc network-based blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the example scenario graph 300 depicts the overall flow 301-305 of a blockchain transaction.
  • transactions can be initiated between nodes.
  • node a initiates a transaction with node b.
  • the above-mentioned transaction between node a and node b may be transmitted to all nodes in the blockchain system through a wireless ad hoc network.
  • any node in the blockchain system can act as a miner to collect and verify transactions, and create blocks (that is, pack verified transactions into new blocks).
  • the transaction verification result (packaged block) is transmitted to each node in the blockchain system through the wireless ad hoc network. Other nodes agree that the block is valid if and only if all transactions included in the block are valid and have not existed before.
  • nodes on the blockchain can collect unverified transactions and package the transactions into blocks. Thereafter, nodes (usually nodes with large computing power) that obtain bookkeeping rights through Proof of Work (PoW) can broadcast their own packaged blocks to all nodes in the entire network until, for example, more than half of the The node verifies that the transactions in the block and the random number calculated by the node with bookkeeping rights are correct, and the block is officially verified and connected to the blockchain.
  • PoW Proof of Work
  • the blockchain system only includes one node with bookkeeping rights (also referred to as “the first node” in this disclosure), and one or more nodes without bookkeeping rights (also referred to as “second node” in this disclosure).
  • node herein has the full breadth of its usual meaning, for example a node may be a mobile station (Mobile Station, MS), a user equipment (User Equipment, UE), etc.
  • a node device may be implemented as a device such as a mobile phone, handheld device, media player, computer, laptop or tablet, or virtually any type of wireless device.
  • the traditional centralized transmission mechanism will no longer be applicable.
  • this disclosure designs a transmission mechanism applicable to several aspects of the above-mentioned system.
  • the transmission mechanism dynamically adjusts the transmission power for transactions and blocks at least according to the transaction information of each node; selects a routing protocol suitable for the environment according to the current wireless ad hoc network environment, and according to the network Changes in the environment to adjust the routing protocol.
  • the blockchain system can be applied to more complex, diverse and wider communication scenarios, not just limited to the environment where network infrastructure (such as Internet infrastructure) exists, and can rapidly improve Blockchain transaction rate and network performance.
  • Fig. 4 shows an exemplary electronic device used for a first node (eg, a node with bookkeeping rights) in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the electronic device 400 shown in FIG. 4 may include various units to implement various embodiments according to the present disclosure.
  • the electronic device 400 includes an acquisition unit 402 , a management unit 404 and a communication unit 406 .
  • the electronic device 400 is implemented as the first node itself or a part thereof, or as a device related to the first node or a part of the device.
  • Various operations described below in conjunction with the first node may be implemented by the units 402 , 404 and 406 of the electronic device 400 or other possible units.
  • the obtaining unit 402 of the electronic device 400 may be configured to obtain basic information from each node in the blockchain system, wherein the basic information includes at least the transaction information of the node, and the transaction information may include the transaction information initiated by the node. The number of transactions and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating transactions.
  • the management unit 404 may be configured to sort each node based on the transaction information of each node.
  • the management unit 404 is also configured to: for a second node in the blockchain system that is different from the first node (for example, any node that does not have the right to bookkeeping), in response to determining that the second node is not used for forwarding A transaction initiated by a node ranked higher than the second node generates the first type of power adjustment information for the second node based at least in part on the basic information of the second node; in response to determining that the second node is used for forwarding A transaction initiated by one or more nodes at the top is at least partially based on the basic information of the top node among the one or more nodes and the basic information of the second node to generate the first transaction for the second node.
  • Type power adjustment information for a second node in the blockchain system that is different from the first node (for example, any node that does not have the right to bookkeeping), in response to determining that the second node is not used for forwarding A transaction initiated by a node ranked higher than the second node generates the first type
  • the communication unit 406 may be configured to send the first type of power adjustment information to the second node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends other nodes in the blockchain system the information initiated by the second node. Transact and/or forward transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system.
  • the basic information acquired by the acquisition unit 402 of the electronic device 400 from each node in the blockchain system may also include the node's position, moving speed and node pause time, and the management unit 404 may base on each node's Basic information to determine the routing protocol, and the communication unit 406 can send the determined routing protocol to each node in the blockchain system. Further, the management unit 404 can also determine the valid time of the current routing protocol based on the basic information of each node and the area length of the self-organizing network, and the communication unit 406 can send the determined valid time of the routing protocol to the block chain system Each node of , so that when the valid time of the routing protocol expires, the routing protocol is re-determined according to the above method.
  • Fig. 5 shows an exemplary electronic device 500 used for a second node (eg, a node without bookkeeping right) in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the electronic device 500 shown in FIG. 5 may include various units to implement various embodiments according to the present disclosure.
  • the electronic device 500 includes a detection unit 502 and a communication unit 504 .
  • the electronic device 500 is implemented as the second node itself or a part thereof, or as a device related to the second node or a part of the device.
  • Various operations described below in conjunction with the second node may be implemented by units 502 and 504 of the electronic device 500 or other possible units.
  • the detection unit 502 of the electronic device 500 may be configured to detect the basic information of the second node, wherein the basic information includes at least the transaction information of the second node, and the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the second node and The fee that the second node is willing to pay when initiating a transaction.
  • the communication unit 504 may be configured to send basic information to the first node in the blockchain system (for example, a node with bookkeeping rights), so that the first node can obtain transaction information based on each node in the blockchain system. Information, sort each node.
  • the communication unit 504 can also be configured to receive the first type of power adjustment information from the first node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends to other nodes in the blockchain system Initiate transactions and/or forward transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system.
  • the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is based at least in part on the basic information of the second node Generated.
  • the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is based at least in part on the one or more nodes It is generated by the basic information of the top-ranked node and the basic information of the second node.
  • the basic information detected by the detecting unit 502 of the electronic device 500 may also include the position, moving speed and node pause time of the second node.
  • the first node can determine the routing protocol based on at least the basic information of each node in the blockchain system.
  • the second node may receive the determined routing protocol via the communication unit 504 .
  • the first node may determine the current valid time of the routing protocol based on the basic information of each node and the area length of the ad hoc network.
  • the second node may receive the determined validity time of the routing protocol via the communication unit 504 .
  • the node with accounting right at that time shall re-determine the routing agreement according to the above method.
  • electronic devices 400 and 500 may be implemented at a chip level, or may also be implemented at a device level by including other external components (eg, radio links, antennas, etc.).
  • each electronic device can work as a communication device as a whole.
  • processing circuitry may refer to various implementations of digital circuitry, analog circuitry, or mixed-signal (combination of analog and digital) circuitry that performs a function in a computing system.
  • Processing circuitry may include, for example, circuits such as integrated circuits (ICs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), portions or circuits of individual processor cores, entire processor cores, individual processors, such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) programmable hardware devices, and/or systems including multiple processors.
  • ICs integrated circuits
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
  • each node in the blockchain system can first detect the basic information about its own node, and the node with accounting right can obtain the basic information detected by each node.
  • the nodes with accounting rights can be determined during the generation and verification process of the previous block, or they can be randomly selected before the genesis block (for example, the block numbered 0) appears , such as selecting the node located at the geometric center of the self-organizing network as the node with bookkeeping rights.
  • the node since each node may not have established a complete self-organizing network, the node locally stores only a routing table including partial routing information.
  • a node sends information (flooding) to other nodes in the routing table according to part of the routing information stored locally to determine whether it can reach these nodes and obtain the location information of these nodes.
  • information for example, information (flooding)
  • all nodes will recognize the node located in the center of the geometric area, so the central node of the area can be selected as the node with accounting rights to obtain the basic information of each node.
  • Basic information may include transaction information.
  • transaction information may include the number of transactions initiated by a node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating a transaction.
  • the basic information can also include information such as the position of the node, the moving speed, the pause time of the node, and the receiving sensitivity.
  • the basic information may also include other additional information.
  • the basic information can include the information of the previous block, such as the header hash value of the previous block, Merkle root hash value, timestamp, proof-of-work calculation parameters, transactions, block size, generation time, etc. . This information about the previous block can be used to create the next block.
  • the basic information may also include information related to spectrum management, such as the quality of service (Quality of Service, QoS) and quality of experience (Quality of Experience, QoE) of the node.
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • QoE quality of experience
  • the node with the bookkeeping right can dynamically adjust the status of each node based on the obtained basic information in combination with the distributed characteristics of the self-organizing network.
  • Send power adaptively select routing protocols for nodes in the network, and dynamically adjust routing protocols according to network changes.
  • the transmission mechanism for the blockchain system based on the self-organizing network according to the present disclosure will be introduced in detail below.
  • each node has limited energy, that is, limited transmit power, so that the signal transmitted by this node can reach other nodes within a limited distance. Increasing the sending power of a node can make the signal sent by the node reach other nodes at a longer distance.
  • nodes need to transmit transactions initiated by themselves to other nodes, and nodes also need to transmit packaged blocks to other nodes.
  • the present disclosure respectively proposes transmission power adjustment methods for nodes for the above two situations, that is, the first type power adjustment and the second type power adjustment.
  • FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B respectively show exemplary diagrams of a first type of power adjustment and a second type of power adjustment for nodes in an ad hoc network-based blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first type of power adjustment involves adjusting the sending power of a node in an ad hoc network-based blockchain system for sending transactions initiated by the node and forwarding transactions initiated by other nodes.
  • the method of the first type of power adjustment according to the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the specific example shown in FIG. 6A .
  • each node for example, nodes a, b, c, d, N
  • the sending power of each node is limited, and it is only used for nodes to send transactions to their neighbors.
  • node for example, nodes a, b, c, d, N
  • node a and node N can be regarded as the edge nodes of the blockchain system in the wireless ad hoc network.
  • node N in the blockchain system is determined to be a node with accounting rights after the generation and dissemination of the previous block, and node N can obtain the basic information of each node in the blockchain system.
  • the basic information may include transaction information.
  • a node's transaction information may include the number of transactions initiated by the node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating the transaction. These two parameters can represent the transaction urgency of a node. Specifically, the more transactions a node initiates, the more fees it is willing to pay when a transaction occurs, indicating that the node's transaction needs are more urgent.
  • the node N can sort all the nodes in the blockchain system based on the transaction information of each node (for example, based on the urgency of the transaction), and perform the first type of power adjustment on each node based on the ranking.
  • a node (for example, node N) with bookkeeping right can carry out a weighted summation of the number of transactions initiated by the node included in the transaction information of each node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when it initiates all transactions, and Each node is sorted according to the result of the weighted sum.
  • the number of transactions initiated by a node and the total fee that a node is willing to pay when initiating a transaction (here may also be the average fee that a node is willing to pay for initiating each transaction) can be given a normalized positive weight coefficient. In the case where more emphasis is placed on the number of nodes initiated, the weight coefficient of this parameter can be appropriately increased to give it a greater priority.
  • the weight coefficient of this parameter can be appropriately increased to give it a greater priority. It should be understood that, here only an example is given for the ordering of each node, rather than a limitation.
  • the nodes can be sorted according to other factors of transaction information that can be imagined by those skilled in the art, and can also be sorted by adopting other sorting methods that can be imagined by those skilled in the art.
  • Table 1 shows an example of the transaction information of each node in FIG. 6A , which lists the transaction quantity initiated by each node in the blockchain system and the sum of the fees that the node is willing to pay for each transaction. Assuming that the weight assigned to the transaction quantity is 0.3 and the weight assigned to the total transaction fee is 0.7, then the node N with bookkeeping right can make the following order after weighted summation: node d, node N, node a, node b , node c.
  • the node N with the bookkeeping right can perform the first type of power adjustment to each node in the blockchain system based on the self-organizing network.
  • the first type of power adjustment for each node may include the following exemplary steps:
  • Node d Since the number of transactions initiated by node d and the transaction fee that it is willing to pay are the largest, the sending power of node d can be increased to spread the transactions initiated by node d to the entire ad hoc network faster. For example, the transmission power of node d can be increased to the extent that the transmission range covers node b, and node b is selected as the forwarding node, and then the transmission power of node b can be increased so that it can forward the transaction initiated by node d to edge node N.
  • Node N Since the number of transactions initiated by node N and the transaction fees willing to pay are large, the sending power of node N can be increased to spread the transactions initiated by node N to the entire ad hoc network quickly. For example, the transmission power of node N may be increased until the transmission range covers node b, and node b is selected as the forwarding node. It should be understood that since the first type of power adjustment has been performed on node b in the previous step (1), the first type of power adjustment will not be performed on the transmission power of node b in this step.
  • Node a Since the number of transactions initiated by node N and the transaction fee it is willing to pay are relatively small, it can maintain its transmission power so that its transmission range only covers adjacent nodes (for example, node d). Node d can act as a forwarding node for forwarding transactions initiated by node a. It should be understood that since the first type of power adjustment has been performed on node d in the previous step (1), the first type of power adjustment is not performed on the transmission power of node d in this step.
  • Node b Since the first type of power adjustment has been performed on node b in the previous step (1), the first type of power adjustment is not performed on the transmission power of node b in this step.
  • Node c Since node c does not need to initiate a transaction, and was not identified as a forwarding node in the previous step, in the case of energy constraints, the sending power of node c can be reduced to 0.
  • the steps described above are examples only and are not intended to be limiting.
  • the ranking of nodes and the weighted summation results of the parameters in the node's transaction information can be combined to determine whether to increase or decrease the first type power of the node and to determine the increase or decrease of the first type power. small margin.
  • a sorting threshold and a parameter weighted sum threshold can be set, and when the actual sorting threshold is higher than the sorting threshold and the actual parameter weighted sum is greater than the parameter weighted sum threshold, consider increasing the first-type transmit power of the node.
  • the threshold may be a pre-defined value, or a value obtained through training and calculation based on prior experience combined with techniques such as machine learning. It should also be understood that the threshold may be periodically updated.
  • node N sorts the nodes in the blockchain system based on transaction information, it can generate the first type of power adjustment information for each node, which is used to adjust the power of each node. power to enable the node to send transactions initiated by the node to other nodes and/or forward transactions initiated by other nodes.
  • the first type of power adjustment information for the node can be generated based at least in part on the basic information of the node; if it is determined that the node (for example, node b) has been used to forward one or more
  • a transaction initiated by a node can be based at least in part on the basic information of the top-ranked node (for example, node d) among the one or more nodes and the basic information of the node to generate the first type of power adjustment information for the node.
  • the node N with the accounting right may send the first type of power adjustment information to the node without the accounting right.
  • a node with bookkeeping rights for example, node N
  • the second type of power adjustment involves adjusting the transmission power of nodes in the ad hoc network-based blockchain system for sending or forwarding packaged blocks.
  • the method of the second type of power adjustment according to the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the specific example shown in FIG. 6B .
  • each node for example, nodes a, b, c, d, N
  • the transmission power of each node is limited, and it is only used for nodes to send transactions to their neighbors.
  • node Assume that node N in the blockchain system is determined to be a node with accounting rights after the generation and dissemination of the previous block, and node N can obtain the basic information of each node in the blockchain system.
  • node d When a node in the blockchain system based on the self-organizing network successfully packs a block, it is expected to spread the packaged block to each node in the blockchain system as soon as possible.
  • node d has successfully packaged a block. According to the current power, it takes 4 hops to send the packaged block to the farthest edge node N. Therefore, the second type of power adjustment may be performed on node d, that is, to increase the transmission power of node d, such as to make its transmission range cover node b. Then, node b is selected as the forwarding node, and the transmission power of node b is increased so that it can forward the packaged block to the edge node N.
  • the node N with the accounting right can send the second type of power adjustment information to the node d, so that it only needs 2 hops from the node d to send the packaged block to the farthest node N.
  • other nodes eg, node a, node c
  • the node packaging the block can be any node in the blockchain system.
  • the nodes in the self-organizing network can also be grouped according to factors such as physical location (or it can also be called " Clustering").
  • the node with the highest transmission power in each group may be set as the "head node".
  • the node that packs the block can only send the block to other nodes in this group and the head nodes of other groups, so that the head node of each group will propagate the block to other nodes in its own group node, thereby propagating the block to all nodes in the network.
  • the node with the second largest transmission power in the group can be set as a "deputy head node", so that the group can be managed by the deputy head node after the head node leaves the network.
  • a new node joins the blockchain system in order to facilitate management, it can be added to the group where the first adjacent node discovered by the node is located. The determination of the group is done by the node with the accounting right of the previous block, and the "head node" of each group can be determined after performing the second type of power adjustment for the node.
  • the basic information of a node may include the location of the node, the receiving sensitivity of the node, and the like.
  • the node The transmit power of i can be determined by the following formula:
  • P i represents the transmission power of node i
  • P min represents the receiving sensitivity of node j
  • PL i,j represents the path loss between node i and node j
  • D i,j represents the path loss between node i and node j.
  • the distance between, f represents the frequency (unit: MHz).
  • the power adjustment information may include the value of the new transmit power of the node, or may include the ratio of the new transmit power of the node to the original transmit power (that is, the magnitude of increase or decrease in transmit power), etc.
  • the new adjusted transmission power nodes can adjust their transmission coverage to more efficiently send and/or forward transactions or packaged blocks to other nodes in the blockchain system.
  • selecting an appropriate routing protocol according to the network environment can help increase the transaction and block transmission rates and improve transmission efficiency.
  • routing protocols in wireless ad hoc networks.
  • these routing protocols may include Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), dynamic Source Routing (Dynamic Source Routing, DSR), Optimized Link State Routing (Optimized Link State Routing, OLSR), and Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA), etc.
  • AODV Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
  • DSDV Destination Sequenced Distance Vector
  • DSR Dynamic Source Routing
  • OLSR Optimized Link State Routing
  • TORA Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm
  • FIGS. 7A-7C respectively show schematic diagrams of routing protocols AODV, DSDV, and DSR used in an ad hoc network-based blockchain system.
  • node S is the source node and node D is the destination node.
  • the source node S broadcasts a route discovery request (Route Request, RREQ) message to its adjacent nodes.
  • the node that receives the RREQ message sets the reverse path entry in the routing table to point to the source node.
  • the destination node D sends a Route Reply (RREP) message in unicast until the RREP message reaches the source node S.
  • RREP Route Reply
  • each node in the network can maintain a routing table.
  • Table 2 shows node D's routing table.
  • each node can periodically announce its current routing table to adjacent nodes, so that each node in the network can obtain routing information to any reachable node in the entire network.
  • node S is the source node and node D is the destination node.
  • the source node S broadcasts the RREQ message to the adjacent nodes, and the intermediate node (for example, node B, node C, etc.) attaches its own address to the routing record after receiving the RREQ message, and the intermediate node detects repeated
  • duplicate RREQ messages can be discarded automatically.
  • the intermediate node B can receive RREQ messages from both the source node S and the intermediate node F, and in order to optimize the path, the intermediate node B can automatically discard the RREQ message from node F with a longer path.
  • Destination node D can send RREP after receiving the RREQ message.
  • routing protocols such as Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA).
  • OLSR Optimized Link State Routing
  • TORA Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm
  • a priori routing protocols including DSDV, OLSR
  • OLSR also known as table-driven routing protocols
  • Reactive routing protocols including AODV, DSR, TORA
  • This routing protocol has a small overhead but a large delay in data transmission.
  • the basic information that a node with bookkeeping rights in the blockchain system based on the self-organizing network can obtain from each node includes the location of the node, the moving speed of the node, and the suspension time of the node. Therefore, the node with accounting right can at least select an appropriate routing protocol based on information such as the node's location, moving speed, and pause time included in the basic information of each node, combined with the characteristics of the routing protocol. Afterwards, the node with accounting right can send the determined routing protocol to each node.
  • Table 3 shows the routing protocol selection within the scope of several parameters of the basic information.
  • the AODV routing protocol can be selected, which can save a certain amount of overhead when the time delay is small.
  • the DSR routing protocol is more suitable for the network environment with lower node speed and shorter node pause time, because the DSR routing protocol has a larger time delay.
  • routing protocols given in Table 3 are provided as examples only and are not intended to be limiting. Nodes with accounting rights can further adapt and optimize the selection of routing protocols according to the node layout of the self-organizing network and simulated and/or actual network performance tests.
  • routing protocol valid time can be used to describe the duration of the currently selected network routing protocol. That is, the routing protocol remains unchanged during the valid time of the routing protocol, and when the valid time of the routing protocol expires, the routing protocol will be reselected according to the actual network environment.
  • the present disclosure provides an example calculation method of the effective time of the routing protocol, refer to the following calculation formula:
  • T is the effective time of the current routing protocol
  • ⁇ is the adjustment factor (positive number)
  • L m is the length of the longest side of the two-dimensional area of the wireless ad hoc network
  • v i is the moving speed of node i.
  • the current routing protocol is effective
  • the time should be shorter, so as to re-select the routing protocol as soon as possible to adapt to the new network environment.
  • the node with the bookkeeping right determines the effective time of the routing protocol, it can send this parameter to each node in the blockchain system.
  • the current node with the bookkeeping right The right node reselects the routing protocol based on the basic information of each node (for example, the node's position, moving speed, and node pause time, etc.), and sends the re-determined routing protocol to each node in the blockchain system.
  • the synchronization timing of each node can be implemented by setting time stamps and techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Fig. 8 shows a communication interaction diagram for nodes in an ad hoc network-based blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the blockchain system based on the self-organizing network includes multiple nodes, numbered as node a, node b, ..., node i, ..., node N.
  • node N is a node with bookkeeping rights.
  • node N can be a node that successfully packaged the previous block and was verified by other nodes.
  • Node N can also be a node located at the geometric center of the self-organizing network before the genesis block is generated.
  • the basic information may include transaction information, where the node's transaction information may include the number of transactions initiated by the node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating the transaction.
  • Basic information can also include the sensitivity of the nodes.
  • the basic information can also include information such as the node's location, moving speed, and pause time.
  • the basic information may also include other information conceivable by those skilled in the art, such as QoS, QoE and so on.
  • the node N with the accounting right can obtain the basic information of each node. Specifically, nodes in the blockchain system that do not have accounting rights (such as node a, node b, node i, etc.) can send basic information to node N for use by node N.
  • the node N having the accounting right can sort the nodes according to the transaction information included in the obtained basic information of each node.
  • node N can carry out a weighted summation of the number of transactions initiated by the node included in the transaction information of each node and the total fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating a transaction, and according to the result of the weighted summation, each node put in order.
  • the more transactions initiated by a node and/or the more transaction fees the node is willing to pay the higher the urgency of the transaction of the node, so the ranking can be higher.
  • the node N with the accounting right determines the power adjustment for each node according to the above ranking and the basic information of the nodes.
  • the power adjustment may include the first type power adjustment and the second type power adjustment, wherein for a node, the first type power adjustment is used to adjust the sending power of the node so that the node sends to other nodes in the blockchain system Transactions initiated by the node and/or forwarded transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system, the second type of power adjustment is used to adjust the sending power of the node so that the node sends or forwards the packet in the blockchain system block.
  • the node N with the accounting right can select a routing protocol suitable for the network environment according to information such as the position of the node, the moving speed of the node, and the pause time of the node included in the acquired basic information of each node.
  • these routing protocols may include destination sequence distance vector (DSDV), optimized link state routing (OLSR), wireless ad hoc network on-demand planar distance vector routing protocol (AODV), dynamic source routing (DSR ) and Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) etc.
  • DSDV destination sequence distance vector
  • OLSR optimized link state routing
  • AODV wireless ad hoc network on-demand planar distance vector routing protocol
  • DSR dynamic source routing
  • TAA Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm
  • the node N may determine the valid time of the routing protocol according to the size of the network area of the ad hoc network and the moving speed of the node. For example, the current routing protocol live time can be calculated by dividing the maximum edge length of the geometric area of the network by the maximum node speed.
  • the node N can repeat the step 805, that is, re-determine the routing protocol according to basic information such as the node's location, moving speed, and pause time.
  • the valid time of the routing protocol can also be re-determined.
  • the node N with the accounting right may send power adjustment information (including the first type power adjustment information and the second type power adjustment information) for the corresponding node to each node in the blockchain system.
  • the node N may also send information including the determined routing protocol and the valid time of the routing protocol to each node.
  • the process interaction diagram in FIG. 8 provides examples only and is not intended to be limiting.
  • the figures may include more or fewer steps, and the steps may also be performed in an order different from that depicted in the figures.
  • the power adjustment information in 807 may be sent by the node N having the accounting right to other nodes together with the determined routing protocol information. Alternatively, these pieces of information can also be sent separately.
  • the node N with the accounting right can send the power adjustment information to other nodes after 804, and the first type power adjustment information and the second type power adjustment information can also be sent separately to the blockchain system at different times of nodes.
  • node i can perform steps similar to those performed by node N previously, and again determine power adjustments, routing protocols, routing protocol validity times, etc. for nodes in the blockchain system.
  • the operation in 802 may be implemented by flooding, that is, each node only transmits basic information to neighboring nodes or other nodes involved in part of the routing information stored by itself.
  • the node that receives the basic information of the node then transmits the basic information to other nodes until the basic information of all nodes is transmitted to the node with the accounting right.
  • the execution and transmission of each step including the transmission of basic information, transmission of power adjustment information, transmission of routing protocol information, etc. to fulfill.
  • This disclosure proposes to combine the blockchain system with a distributed wireless self-organizing network, so that the blockchain can be applied to more complex, diverse and extensive communication scenarios (such as collaborative communication on the battlefield, disasters after natural disasters such as earthquakes or floods) Rescue, field scientific expeditions and temporary meetings, etc.), not just limited to the traditional centralized network infrastructure environment relying on the Internet.
  • Using the distributed transmission mode of the wireless self-organizing network to transmit the information in the blockchain can well conform to and adapt to the distributed characteristics of the blockchain itself, making the blockchain truly realize distributed storage and distributed transmission.
  • this disclosure proposes a method for adjusting the power of each node, including the first type of power adjustment for sending and/or forwarding transactions and sending and / or a second type of power adjustment for forwarding.
  • nodes with more urgent transaction needs can obtain greater transmission power, so that transactions and blocks can be transmitted to the entire network in a shorter time, and the overall transaction rate is improved.
  • nodes with less urgent transaction needs can keep the sending power unchanged or even reduce the power, which can reduce energy waste in the blockchain system to a certain extent.
  • This disclosure also proposes to select an appropriate routing protocol based on information such as node location, moving speed, and pause time, thereby further optimizing data transmission in the blockchain system, and reducing the delay and packet loss rate of information transmission.
  • the present disclosure sets the effective time of the routing protocol to avoid network performance degradation caused by excessive changes in network topology due to excessive node speed.
  • the performance and robustness of the network can be improved.
  • power and routing protocols are dynamically adjusted according to changes in the basic information of nodes in the ad hoc network, so that the transmission mechanism proposed in the present disclosure has greater flexibility and diversity.
  • FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of an example method 900 for a first node in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the method may be executed by a first node (for example, a node with bookkeeping rights) in an ad hoc network-based blockchain (or more specifically, the electronic device 400 ).
  • the method 900 may include obtaining basic information from each node in the blockchain system, the basic information at least includes the transaction information of the node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the node and the number of transactions initiated by the node. The fee that is willing to pay in the transaction (block S901).
  • the first node may rank each node based on the transaction information of each node.
  • a second node in the blockchain system that is different from the first node (for example, a node that does not have accounting rights): in response to determining that the second node is not used to forward the order by the second node
  • the transaction initiated by the previous node may generate the first type of power adjustment information for the second node based at least in part on the basic information of the second node.
  • the second node in response to determining that the second node is being used to forward a transaction initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, it may be based at least in part on the highest ranked node among the one or more nodes.
  • the basic information of the second node and the basic information of the second node are used to generate the first type of power adjustment information for the second node.
  • the first node may send the first type of power adjustment information to the second node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or Or forward transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system.
  • the first node may send the first type of power adjustment information to the second node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or Or forward transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system.
  • FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of an example method 1000 for a second node in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the method may be executed by a second node (for example, a node without bookkeeping right) (or more specifically, the electronic device 500 ) in the blockchain based on the ad hoc network.
  • a second node for example, a node without bookkeeping right
  • the electronic device 500 the electronic device 500 in the blockchain based on the ad hoc network.
  • the method 1000 may include sending basic information to a first node (for example, a node with bookkeeping rights) in the blockchain system, the basic information at least including transaction information of the second node, the transaction information Including the number of transactions initiated by the second node and the fee that the second node is willing to pay when initiating the transaction, so that the first node sorts each node based on the transaction information of each node in the acquired blockchain system (box S1001).
  • the second node receives the first type of power adjustment information from the first node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends the information initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system. Transact and/or forward transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system.
  • the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is based at least in part on the basic information of the second node Generated.
  • the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is based at least in part on the one or more nodes It is generated by the basic information of the top-ranked node and the basic information of the second node.
  • An electronic device for use as a first node in a blockchain system based on a wireless ad hoc network, the electronic device comprising a processing circuit configured to for:
  • the basic information at least includes transaction information of the node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating the transaction;
  • first type power adjustment information for the second node based at least in part on the base information of the second node in response to determining that the second node is not being used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node;
  • the second node In response to determining that the second node is used to forward a transaction initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, based at least in part on the basic information of the highest ranked node among the one or more nodes and the basic information of the second node to generate the first type of power adjustment information for the second node;
  • the second node sending the first type of power adjustment information to the second node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or forwards transactions initiated by the second node transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system.
  • Clause 3 The electronic device of clause 1, wherein the basic information further includes a location of the node and a reception sensitivity of the node.
  • the basic information obtained from each node of the blockchain system also includes the node's location, moving speed and node suspension time;
  • the determined routing protocol is sent to each node.
  • the effective time of the routing protocol is calculated
  • the routing protocol is re-determined based on at least the basic information of each node.
  • routing protocol comprises one of: destination sequence distance vector (DSDV), optimized link state routing (OLSR), ad hoc network on-demand plane distance vector routing Protocol (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA).
  • DSDV destination sequence distance vector
  • OLSR optimized link state routing
  • AODV ad hoc network on-demand plane distance vector routing Protocol
  • DSR Dynamic Source Routing
  • TORA Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm
  • Sending the first type of power adjustment information and sending the determined routing protocol is based on the determined routing protocol.
  • Clause 9 The electronic device of clause 1, wherein the first node comprises a node with accounting rights and the second node comprises a node without accounting rights.
  • An electronic device for a second node in a blockchain system based on a wireless ad hoc network comprising a processing circuit configured to for:
  • the basic information includes at least the transaction information of the second node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the second node and the willingness to pay when the second node initiates the transaction , so that the first node sorts each node based on the acquired transaction information of each node in the blockchain system;
  • Receive the first type of power adjustment information from the first node which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or forwards transactions initiated by the second node. transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system,
  • the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is generated based at least in part on the basic information of the second node in the case that the second node is not used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node and wherein, where the second node is used to forward transactions initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is based at least in part on the one or the basic information of the top-ranked node among multiple nodes and the basic information of the second node.
  • Clause 11 The electronic device of clause 10, wherein the basic information of the second node further includes a location of the second node and a receiving sensitivity of the second node.
  • Clause 13 The electronic device of clause 10, the processing circuit further configured to:
  • the basic information sent by the second node to the first node also includes the second node's position, moving speed, and node pause time, so that the first node determines based on at least the basic information of each node in the blockchain system Routing Protocol.
  • Clause 14 The electronic device of clause 13, the processing circuit further configured to:
  • the valid time of the routing protocol is calculated by the first node based on the speed of each node and the area length of the ad hoc network of the blockchain system, and wherein when the valid time of the routing protocol expires, the routing protocol is at least based on The basic information of each node is re-determined.
  • Receiving the first type of power adjustment information and receiving the determined routing protocol is based on the determined routing protocol.
  • Clause 16 The electronic device of clause 10, wherein the first node comprises a node with accounting rights and the second node comprises a node without accounting rights.
  • a method for a first node in a blockchain system based on a wireless ad hoc network comprising:
  • the basic information at least includes transaction information of the node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating the transaction;
  • first type power adjustment information for the second node based at least in part on the base information of the second node in response to determining that the second node is not being used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node;
  • the second node In response to determining that the second node is used to forward a transaction initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, based at least in part on the basic information of the highest ranked node among the one or more nodes and the basic information of the second node to generate the first type of power adjustment information for the second node;
  • the second node sending the first type of power adjustment information to the second node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or forwards transactions initiated by the second node transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system.
  • a method for a second node in a blockchain system based on a wireless ad hoc network comprising:
  • the basic information includes at least the transaction information of the second node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the second node and the willingness to pay when the second node initiates the transaction , so that the first node sorts each node based on the acquired transaction information of each node in the blockchain system;
  • Receive the first type of power adjustment information from the first node which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or forwards transactions initiated by the second node. transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system,
  • the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is generated based at least in part on the basic information of the second node in the case that the second node is not used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node and wherein, where the second node is used to forward transactions initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is based at least in part on the one or the basic information of the top-ranked node among multiple nodes and the basic information of the second node.
  • a computer-readable storage medium storing one or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the described method.
  • Clause 20 A computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a computer, cause the computer to perform the method according to clause 17 or 18.
  • machine-readable storage medium or the machine-executable instructions in the program product may be configured to perform operations corresponding to the above-mentioned device and method embodiments.
  • the embodiments of the machine-readable storage medium or the program product will be obvious to those skilled in the art, so the description will not be repeated.
  • Machine-readable storage media and program products for carrying or including the above-mentioned machine-executable instructions also fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
  • Such storage media may include, but are not limited to, floppy disks, optical disks, magneto-optical disks, memory cards, memory sticks, and the like.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing an example structure of a personal computer as an information processing device employable in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the personal computer may correspond to the above-mentioned exemplary terminal device according to the present disclosure.
  • a central processing unit (CPU) 1101 executes various processes according to programs stored in a read only memory (ROM) 1102 or loaded from a storage section 1108 to a random access memory (RAM) 1103 .
  • ROM read only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • data required when the CPU 1101 executes various processing and the like is also stored as necessary.
  • the CPU 1101, ROM 1102, and RAM 1103 are connected to each other via a bus 1104.
  • An input/output interface 1105 is also connected to the bus 1104 .
  • the following components are connected to the input/output interface 1105: an input section 1106 including a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output section 1107 including a display such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and a speaker, etc.; a storage section 1108 , including a hard disk, etc.; and the communication part 1109, including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, and the like.
  • the communication section 1109 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet.
  • a driver 1110 is also connected to the input/output interface 1105 as needed.
  • a removable medium 1111 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like is mounted on the drive 1110 as necessary, so that a computer program read therefrom is installed into the storage section 1108 as necessary.
  • the programs constituting the software are installed from a network such as the Internet or a storage medium such as the removable medium 1111 .
  • a storage medium is not limited to the removable medium 1111 shown in FIG. 11 in which the program is stored and distributed separately from the device to provide the program to the user.
  • the removable media 1111 include magnetic disks (including floppy disks (registered trademark)), optical disks (including compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM) and digital versatile disks (DVD)), magneto-optical disks (including )) and semiconductor memory.
  • the storage medium may be a ROM 1102, a hard disk contained in the storage section 1108, or the like, in which programs are stored and distributed to users together with devices containing them.
  • the technology of the present disclosure can be applied to various products.
  • the electronic devices 400 and 500 according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may be realized as various electronic devices/terminal devices or included in various electronic devices/terminal devices, while the The method can also be performed by various electronic devices/terminal devices.
  • the terminal equipment mentioned in this disclosure is also referred to as user equipment in some examples, and can be implemented as a mobile terminal (such as a smart phone, a tablet personal computer (PC), a notebook PC, a portable game terminal, a portable/dongle type mobile routers and digital cameras) or vehicle-mounted terminals (such as car navigation equipment).
  • the user equipment may also be implemented as a terminal performing machine-to-machine (M2M) communication (also referred to as a machine type communication (MTC) terminal).
  • M2M machine-to-machine
  • MTC machine type communication
  • the user equipment may be a wireless communication module (such as an integrated circuit module including a single chip) mounted on each of the above-mentioned terminals. In some cases, user equipment may communicate using multiple wireless communication technologies.
  • user equipment may be configured to communicate using two or more of GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, LTE, LTE-A, WLAN, NR, Bluetooth, and the like. In some cases, user equipment may also be configured to communicate using only one wireless communication technology.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a smartphone 1200 to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the smart phone 1200 includes a processor 1201, a memory 1202, a storage device 1203, an external connection interface 1204, a camera 1206, a sensor 1207, a microphone 1208, an input device 1209, a display device 1210, a speaker 1211, a wireless communication interface 1212, one or more Antenna switch 1215 , one or more antennas 1216 , bus 1217 , battery 1218 , and auxiliary controller 1219 .
  • the smartphone 1200 (or processor 1201) here may correspond to the first node (or more specifically, the electronic device 400) or the second node (or more specifically, ground, electronic device 500).
  • the processor 1201 may be, for example, a CPU or a system on chip (SoC), and controls functions of an application layer and another layer of the smartphone 1200 .
  • the memory 1202 includes RAM and ROM, and stores data and programs executed by the processor 1201 .
  • the storage device 1203 may include a storage medium such as a semiconductor memory and a hard disk.
  • the external connection interface 1204 is an interface for connecting an external device, such as a memory card and a universal serial bus (USB) device, to the smartphone 1200 .
  • USB universal serial bus
  • the imaging device 1206 includes an image sensor such as a charge coupled device (CCD) and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), and generates a captured image.
  • Sensors 1207 may include a set of sensors such as measurement sensors, gyro sensors, geomagnetic sensors, and acceleration sensors.
  • the microphone 1208 converts sound input to the smartphone 1200 into an audio signal.
  • the input device 1209 includes, for example, a touch sensor configured to detect a touch on the screen of the display device 1210, a keypad, a keyboard, buttons, or switches, and receives operations or information input from the user.
  • the display device 1210 includes a screen such as a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display, and displays an output image of the smartphone 1200 .
  • the speaker 1211 converts an audio signal output from the smartphone 1200 into sound.
  • the wireless communication interface 1212 supports any cellular communication scheme such as LTE and LTE-Advanced, and performs wireless communication.
  • the wireless communication interface 1212 may generally include, for example, a BB processor 1213 and an RF circuit 1214 .
  • the BB processor 1213 may perform, for example, encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and multiplexing/demultiplexing, and perform various types of signal processing for wireless communication.
  • the RF circuit 1214 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmit and receive wireless signals via the antenna 1216 .
  • the wireless communication interface 1212 may be a chip module on which a BB processor 1213 and an RF circuit 1214 are integrated. As shown in FIG.
  • the wireless communication interface 1212 may include multiple BB processors 1213 and multiple RF circuits 1214 .
  • FIG. 12 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 1212 includes a plurality of BB processors 1213 and a plurality of RF circuits 1214 , the wireless communication interface 1212 may include a single BB processor 1213 or a single RF circuit 1214 .
  • the wireless communication interface 1212 may support another type of wireless communication scheme, such as a short-range wireless communication scheme, a near field communication scheme, and a wireless local area network (LAN) scheme, in addition to a cellular communication scheme.
  • the wireless communication interface 1212 may include a BB processor 1213 and an RF circuit 1214 for each wireless communication scheme.
  • Each of the antenna switches 1215 switches the connection destination of the antenna 1216 among a plurality of circuits included in the wireless communication interface 1212 (eg, circuits for different wireless communication schemes).
  • Each of the antennas 1216 includes a single or multiple antenna elements, such as multiple antenna elements included in a MIMO antenna, and is used for the wireless communication interface 1212 to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • smartphone 1200 may include multiple antennas 1216 . While FIG. 12 shows an example in which the smartphone 1200 includes multiple antennas 1216 , the smartphone 1200 may include a single antenna 1216 as well.
  • the smartphone 1200 may include an antenna 1216 for each wireless communication scheme.
  • the antenna switch 1215 may be omitted from the configuration of the smartphone 1200 .
  • the bus 1217 connects the processor 1201, memory 1202, storage device 1203, external connection interface 1204, camera device 1206, sensor 1207, microphone 1208, input device 1209, display device 1210, speaker 1211, wireless communication interface 1212, and auxiliary controller 1219 to each other. connect.
  • the battery 1218 provides power to the various blocks of the smartphone 1200 shown in FIG. 12 via feed lines, which are partially shown as dashed lines in the figure.
  • the auxiliary controller 1219 operates minimum necessary functions of the smartphone 1200, for example, in a sleep mode.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a car navigation device 1320 to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • Car navigation device 1320 includes processor 1321, memory 1322, global positioning system (GPS) module 1324, sensor 1325, data interface 1326, content player 1327, storage medium interface 1328, input device 1329, display device 1330, speaker 1331, wireless communication interface 1333 , one or more antenna switches 1336 , one or more antennas 1337 , and battery 1338 .
  • the car navigation device 1320 (or processor 1321) here may correspond to the first node (or more specifically, the electronic device 400) or the second node (or more Specifically, the electronic device 500).
  • the processor 1321 may be, for example, a CPU or a SoC, and controls a navigation function and other functions of the car navigation device 1320 .
  • the memory 1322 includes RAM and ROM, and stores data and programs executed by the processor 1321 .
  • the GPS module 1324 measures the location (such as latitude, longitude, and altitude) of the car navigation device 1320 using GPS signals received from GPS satellites.
  • Sensors 1325 may include a set of sensors such as gyroscopic sensors, geomagnetic sensors, and air pressure sensors.
  • the data interface 1326 is connected to, for example, the in-vehicle network 1341 via a terminal not shown, and acquires data generated by the vehicle such as vehicle speed data.
  • the content player 1327 reproduces content stored in a storage medium, such as CD and DVD, which is inserted into the storage medium interface 1328 .
  • the input device 1329 includes, for example, a touch sensor, a button, or a switch configured to detect a touch on the screen of the display device 1330, and receives an operation or information input from a user.
  • the display device 1330 includes a screen such as an LCD or OLED display, and displays an image of a navigation function or reproduced content.
  • the speaker 1331 outputs sound of a navigation function or reproduced content.
  • the wireless communication interface 1333 supports any cellular communication scheme such as LTE and LTE-Advanced, and performs wireless communication.
  • the wireless communication interface 1333 may generally include, for example, a BB processor 1334 and an RF circuit 1335 .
  • the BB processor 1334 may perform, for example, encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and multiplexing/demultiplexing, and perform various types of signal processing for wireless communication.
  • the RF circuit 1335 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmit and receive wireless signals via the antenna 1337 .
  • the wireless communication interface 1333 can also be a chip module on which the BB processor 1334 and the RF circuit 1335 are integrated. As shown in FIG.
  • the wireless communication interface 1333 may include multiple BB processors 1334 and multiple RF circuits 1335 .
  • FIG. 13 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 1333 includes a plurality of BB processors 1334 and a plurality of RF circuits 1335
  • the wireless communication interface 1333 may also include a single BB processor 1334 or a single RF circuit 1335 .
  • the wireless communication interface 1333 may support another type of wireless communication scheme, such as a short-distance wireless communication scheme, a near field communication scheme, and a wireless LAN scheme, in addition to the cellular communication scheme.
  • the wireless communication interface 1333 may include a BB processor 1334 and an RF circuit 1335 for each wireless communication scheme.
  • Each of the antenna switches 1336 switches the connection destination of the antenna 1337 among a plurality of circuits included in the wireless communication interface 1333 , such as circuits for different wireless communication schemes.
  • Each of the antennas 1337 includes a single or a plurality of antenna elements such as a plurality of antenna elements included in a MIMO antenna, and is used for the wireless communication interface 1333 to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • the car navigation device 1320 may include a plurality of antennas 1337 .
  • FIG. 13 shows an example in which the car navigation device 1320 includes a plurality of antennas 1337
  • the car navigation device 1320 may also include a single antenna 1337 .
  • the car navigation device 1320 may include an antenna 1337 for each wireless communication scheme.
  • the antenna switch 1336 can be omitted from the configuration of the car navigation device 1320 .
  • the battery 1338 supplies power to the various blocks of the car navigation device 1320 shown in FIG. 13 via feeder lines, which are partially shown as dotted lines in the figure.
  • the battery 1338 accumulates electric power supplied from the vehicle.
  • the technology of the present disclosure may also be implemented as an in-vehicle system (or vehicle) 1340 including one or more blocks in a car navigation device 1320 , an in-vehicle network 1341 , and a vehicle module 1342 .
  • the vehicle module 1342 generates vehicle data such as vehicle speed, engine speed, and breakdown information, and outputs the generated data to the in-vehicle network 1341 .
  • a plurality of functions included in one unit in the above embodiments may be realized by separate devices.
  • a plurality of functions implemented by a plurality of units in the above embodiments may be respectively implemented by separate devices.
  • one of the above functions may be realized by a plurality of units. Needless to say, such a configuration is included in the technical scope of the present disclosure.
  • the steps described in the flowcharts include not only processing performed in time series in the stated order but also processing performed in parallel or individually and not necessarily in time series. Furthermore, even in the steps of time-series processing, needless to say, the order can be appropriately changed.

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Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an electronic device and method for a blockchain system based on an ad hoc network. A method for a first node in a blockchain system is described. The method comprises: acquiring basic information from each node in a blockchain system, wherein the basic information at least comprises transaction information including the number of transactions initiated by the node and the fee that the node offers to pay when initiating a transaction; a first node may rank each node on the basis of the transaction information of each node; for a second node different from the first node, the first node may at least generate first-type power adjustment information for the second node on the basis of the ranking of the second node, the basic information of the second node, etc., so as to adjust the power of the second node, such that the second node sends, to the other nodes in the blockchain system, a transaction that is initiated by the second node and/or forwards a transaction that is initiated by the other nodes; and the first node may be a node that has an accounting right, and the second node may be a node that does not have an accounting right.

Description

用于基于自组织网络的区块链系统的电子设备和方法Electronic device and method for ad hoc network based blockchain system 技术领域technical field
本公开一般地涉及用于区块链系统的设备和方法，并且具体地涉及用于基于自组织网络的区块链系统的技术。The present disclosure generally relates to devices and methods for blockchain systems, and in particular to techniques for ad hoc network-based blockchain systems.
背景技术Background technique
区块链技术起源于比特币，在中本聪(Satoshi Nakamoto)于2008年11月发表的《比特币：一种点对点的电子现金系统》一文中，阐述了基于加密技术、时间戳技术、区块链技术等的电子现金系统的构架理念，比特币和区块链在此后随之诞生。区块链系统具有分布式、非对称加密、不可篡改、信息透明并且可追溯等优点，具有非常广阔的应用场景。Blockchain technology originated from Bitcoin. In the article "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" published by Satoshi Nakamoto in November 2008, it expounds that it is based on encryption technology, time stamp technology, and block chain. The architectural concept of the electronic cash system such as block chain technology, Bitcoin and block chain were born thereafter. The blockchain system has the advantages of distributed, asymmetric encryption, non-tampering, transparent and traceable information, etc., and has very broad application scenarios.
然而，当前的区块链系统主要依赖于现有的通信基础设施，并且区块链系统中的节点可以通过诸如互联网之类的网络进行通信。例如，图1示出了现有区块链系统的示例场景图100。在图1中，区块链系统中的每个节点(例如，节点a、节点b和节点c)可以在本地建立数据库式服务器，用于存储区块链信息并且与网络(例如，互联网)进行通信和交互。一个节点的信息的发布需要经由互联网到达其他节点。类似地，一个节点对于信息的获取也需要经由互联网。这种中心化的信息传输方式与区块链的分布式特性并不相符。特别地，在不具有互联网之类的网络的通信场景(诸如战场上部队的协同通信、地震或水灾后的营救、野外科学考察和临时会议等)中，基于中心化的信息传输方式的区块链系统几乎无法正常运作。However, the current blockchain system mainly relies on the existing communication infrastructure, and the nodes in the blockchain system can communicate through a network such as the Internet. For example, FIG. 1 shows an example scenario graph 100 of an existing blockchain system. In Figure 1, each node (for example, node a, node b, and node c) in the blockchain system can establish a database server locally to store blockchain information and communicate with the network (for example, the Internet) communicate and interact. The release of a node's information needs to reach other nodes via the Internet. Similarly, a node also needs to go through the Internet to obtain information. This centralized information transmission method does not match the distributed nature of the blockchain. In particular, in communication scenarios that do not have a network such as the Internet (such as coordinated communication of troops on the battlefield, rescue after an earthquake or flood, field scientific investigations and temporary meetings, etc.), the block based on the centralized information transmission method The chain system is barely functioning.
如上所述，将区块链系统应用于无线通信领域时，其传统的依赖于网络的中心化的传输方式在没有网络基础设施的场景中将受到很大限制。因此，为了解决这种局限性，需要能够将与区块链系统的分布式特性进行良好匹配的网络应用于区块链系统中的节点通信和交互的系统和方法。As mentioned above, when the blockchain system is applied to the field of wireless communication, its traditional centralized transmission method that relies on the network will be greatly limited in scenarios without network infrastructure. Therefore, in order to solve this limitation, there is a need for a system and method that can apply a network that is well matched with the distributed nature of the blockchain system to node communication and interaction in the blockchain system.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本公开提出了用于基于自组织网络的区块链系统的电子设备和方法。本公开提出了针对该区块链系统的若干方面的传输机制，使得自组织网络的分布式特性与区块链系统的分布式特点相适应，并且提高区块链的交易速率，提升网络性能。The present disclosure proposes electronic devices and methods for an ad hoc network-based blockchain system. This disclosure proposes a transmission mechanism for several aspects of the blockchain system, so that the distributed characteristics of the self-organizing network and the distributed characteristics of the blockchain system are adapted, and the transaction rate of the blockchain is improved, and the network performance is improved.
根据本公开的第一方面，提供了一种用于区块链系统中的第一节点的电子设备，所述区块链系统基于无线自组织(ad hoc)网络，所述电子设备包括处理电路，所述处理电路被配置为：从所述区块链系统中的每一个节点获取基本信息，所述基本信息至少包括该节点的交易信息，所述交易信息包括该节点发起的交易数量和该节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用；基于每一个节点的交易信息，对每一个节点进行排序；以及对于所述区块链系统中的不同于第一节点的第二节点：响应于确定第二节点不被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的节点发起的交易，至少部分地基于第二节点的基本信息来生成针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息；响应于确定第二节点被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的一个或多个节点发起的交易，至少部分地基于该一个或多个节点中的排序最靠前的节点的基本信息和第二节点的基本信息来生成针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息；以及向第二节点发送第一类型功率调整信息，用于调整第二节点的功率以使得第二节点向所述区块链系统中的其他节点发送由第二节点发起的交易和/或转发由所述区块链系统中的其他节点发起的交易。According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device for a first node in a blockchain system, the blockchain system is based on a wireless ad hoc network, the electronic device includes a processing circuit , the processing circuit is configured to: obtain basic information from each node in the blockchain system, the basic information at least includes the transaction information of the node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the node and the The fee that a node is willing to pay when initiating a transaction; sorting each node based on the transaction information of each node; and for a second node different from the first node in the blockchain system: in response to determining that the second node Not being used for forwarding transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node, generating the first type of power adjustment information for the second node based at least in part on the basic information of the second node; in response to determining that the second node is used In order to forward a transaction initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, at least partly based on the basic information of the top-ranked node among the one or more nodes and the basic information of the second node to generate The first type of power adjustment information of the second node; and sending the first type of power adjustment information to the second node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends other nodes in the block chain system by Transactions initiated by the second node and/or forwarded transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system.
对应地，根据本公开的第一方面，还提供了一种用于区块链系统中的第一节点的方法，所述区块链系统基于无线自组织(ad hoc)网络，所述方法包括：从所述区块链系统中的每一个节点获取基本信息，所述基本信息至少包括该节点的交易信息，所述交易信息包括该节点发起的交易数量和该节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用；基于每一个节点的交易信息，对每一个节点进行排序；以及对于所述区块链系统中的不同于第一节点的第二节点：响应于确定第二节点不被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的节点发起的交易，至少部分地基于第二节点的基本信息来生成针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息；响应于确定第二节点被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的一个或多个节点发起的交易，至少部分地基于该一个或多个节点中的排序最靠前的节点的基本信息和第二节点的基本信息来生成针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息；以及向第二节点发送第一类型功率调整信息，用于调整第二节点的功率以使得第二节点向所述区块链 系统中的其他节点发送由第二节点发起的交易和/或转发由所述区块链系统中的其他节点发起的交易。Correspondingly, according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, there is also provided a method for a first node in a blockchain system, the blockchain system is based on a wireless ad hoc network, and the method includes : Obtain basic information from each node in the blockchain system, the basic information includes at least the transaction information of the node, and the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating the transaction ; Based on the transaction information of each node, each node is sorted; and for the second node in the blockchain system that is different from the first node: in response to determining that the second node is not used for forwarding than the second node A transaction initiated by a node ranked higher than the second node generates first type power adjustment information for the second node based at least in part on the basic information of the second node; in response to determining that the second node is used to forward Transactions initiated by one or more nodes before the transaction, based at least in part on the basic information of the top-ranked node among the one or more nodes and the basic information of the second node to generate the first type of power for the second node adjustment information; and sending the first type of power adjustment information to the second node, for adjusting the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or Or forward transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system.
根据本公开的第二方面，提供了一种用于区块链系统中的第二节点的电子设备，所述区块链系统基于无线自组织(ad hoc)网络，所述电子设备包括处理电路，所述处理电路被配置为：向所述区块链系统中的第一节点发送基本信息，所述基本信息至少包括第二节点的交易信息，所述交易信息包括第二节点发起的交易数量和第二节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用，以使得第一节点基于获取的区块链系统中的每一个节点的交易信息，对每一个节点进行排序；以及从第一节点接收第一类型功率调整信息，用于调整第二节点的功率以使得第二节点向所述区块链系统中的其他节点发送由第二节点发起的交易和/或转发由所述区块链系统中的其他节点发起的交易，其中在第二节点不被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的节点发起的交易的情况下，针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息是至少部分地基于第二节点的基本信息而生成的；并且其中在第二节点被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的一个或多个节点发起的交易的情况下，针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息是至少部分地基于该一个或多个节点中的排序最靠前的节点的基本信息和第二节点的基本信息而生成的。According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device for a second node in a blockchain system based on a wireless ad hoc network, the electronic device comprising a processing circuit , the processing circuit is configured to: send basic information to the first node in the blockchain system, the basic information includes at least the transaction information of the second node, and the transaction information includes the transaction quantity initiated by the second node The fee that the second node is willing to pay when initiating a transaction, so that the first node sorts each node based on the acquired transaction information of each node in the blockchain system; and receives the first type of power from the first node Adjustment information for adjusting the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or forwards transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system Initiated transactions where the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is based at least in part on the second node in the event that the second node is not used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node and wherein the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is at least partially generated based on the basic information of the top-ranked node among the one or more nodes and the basic information of the second node.
对应地，根据本公开的第二方面，还提供了一种用于区块链系统中的第二节点的方法，所述区块链系统基于无线自组织(ad hoc)网络，所述方法包括：向所述区块链系统中的第一节点发送基本信息，所述基本信息至少包括第二节点的交易信息，所述交易信息包括第二节点发起的交易数量和第二节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用，以使得第一节点基于获取的区块链系统中的每一个节点的交易信息，对每一个节点进行排序；以及从第一节点接收第一类型功率调整信息，用于调整第二节点的功率以使得第二节点向所述区块链系统中的其他节点发送由第二节点发起的交易和/或转发由所述区块链系统中的其他节点发起的交易，其中在第二节点不被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的节点发起的交易的情况下，针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息是至少部分地基于第二节点的基本信息而生成的；并且其中在第二节点被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的一个或多个节点发起的交易的情况下，针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息是至少部分地基于该一个或多个节点中的排序最靠前的节点的基本信息和第二节点的基本信息而生成的。Correspondingly, according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, there is also provided a method for a second node in a blockchain system, the blockchain system is based on a wireless ad hoc network, and the method includes : Send basic information to the first node in the blockchain system, the basic information includes at least the transaction information of the second node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the second node and the willingness of the second node to initiate the transaction The fee paid, so that the first node sorts each node based on the acquired transaction information of each node in the blockchain system; and receives the first type of power adjustment information from the first node for adjusting the second The power of the node is such that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or forwards transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system, wherein in the second where the node is not used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node, the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is generated based at least in part on the basic information of the second node; and wherein Where the second node is used to forward transactions initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is based at least in part on the one or more nodes It is generated by the basic information of the top-ranked node and the basic information of the second node.
根据本公开的第三方面，提供了一种存储有一个或多个指令的计算机可读存储介质，所述一个或多个指令在由电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时使所述电子设备执行根据本公开的各种实施例的方法。According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium storing one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic A device performs methods according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
根据本公开的第四方面，提供了一种包括指令的计算机程序产品，所述指令在由计算机的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述计算机执行根据本公开的各种实施例的方法。According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a computer, cause the computer to perform a method according to various embodiments of the present disclosure .
提供上述概述是为了总结一些示例性的实施例，以提供对本文所描述的主题的各方面的基本理解。因此，上述特征仅仅是示例并且不应该被解释为以任何方式缩小本文所描述的主题的范围或精神。本文所描述的主题的其他特征、方面和优点将从以下结合附图描述的具体实施方式而变得明晰。The foregoing summary is provided to summarize some exemplary embodiments in order to provide a basic understanding of aspects of the subject matter described herein. Accordingly, the above-described features are examples only and should not be construed to narrow the scope or spirit of the subject matter described herein in any way. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter described herein will become apparent from the following detailed description described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
当结合附图考虑实施例的以下具体描述时，可以获得对本公开内容更好的理解。在各附图中使用了相同或相似的附图标记来表示相同或者相似的部件。各附图连同下面的具体描述一起包含在本说明书中并形成说明书的一部分，用来例示说明本公开的实施例和解释本公开的原理和优点。其中：A better understanding of the present disclosure may be gained when considering the following detailed description of the embodiments when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The same or similar reference numerals are used in the drawings to denote the same or similar components. The accompanying drawings, together with the following detailed description, are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, and serve to illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and explain principles and advantages of the disclosure. in:
图1示出了区块链系统的示例场景图。Figure 1 shows an example scenario diagram of a blockchain system.
图2示出了无线自组织(ad hoc)网络的示例场景图。Figure 2 shows an example scenario diagram of a wireless ad hoc network.
图3示出了根据本公开实施例的基于自组织网络的区块链系统的示例场景图。Fig. 3 shows an example scenario diagram of an ad hoc network-based blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
图4示出了根据本公开实施例的用于区块链系统中的第一节点的示例性电子设备。Fig. 4 shows an exemplary electronic device for a first node in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
图5示出了根据本公开实施例的用于区块链系统中的第二节点的示例性电子设备。Fig. 5 shows an exemplary electronic device for a second node in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
图6A示出了根据本公开实施例的针对区块链系统中的节点的第一类型功率调整的示例图。FIG. 6A shows an exemplary diagram of a first type of power adjustment for nodes in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
图6B示出了根据本公开实施例的针对区块链系统中的节点的第二类型功率调整的示例图。FIG. 6B shows an exemplary diagram of a second type of power adjustment for nodes in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
图7A-图7C示出了根据本公开实施例的用于基于自组织网络的区块链系统中的路由 协议的示意图。7A-7C show a schematic diagram of a routing protocol used in an ad hoc network-based blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
图8示出了根据本公开实施例的用于基于自组织网络的区块链系统中的节点的通信交互图。Fig. 8 shows a communication interaction diagram for nodes in an ad hoc network-based blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
图9示出了根据本公开实施例的用于区块链系统中的第一节点的示例方法的流程图。FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of an example method for a first node in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
图10示出了根据本公开实施例的用于区块链系统中的第二节点的示例方法的流程图。FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of an example method for a second node in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
图11为作为本公开的实施例中可采用的信息处理设备的个人计算机的示例结构的框图；11 is a block diagram of an exemplary structure of a personal computer as an information processing device employable in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图12为示出可以应用本公开的技术的智能电话的示意性配置的示例的框图。FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a smartphone to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied.
图13为示出可以应用本公开的技术的汽车导航设备的示意性配置的示例的框图。FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a car navigation device to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied.
虽然在本公开内容中所描述的实施例可能易于有各种修改和另选形式，但是其具体实施例在附图中作为例子示出并且在本文中被详细描述。但是，应该理解的是，附图以及对其的详细描述不旨在将实施例限定到所公开的特定形式，而是相反，目的是要涵盖属于权利要求的精神和范围内的所有修改、等同和另选方案。While the embodiments described in this disclosure may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and described in detail herein. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the embodiments to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the claims and alternatives.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下描述根据本公开的设备和方法等各方面的代表性应用。这些例子的描述仅是为了增加上下文并帮助理解所描述的实施例。因此，对本领域技术人员而言清楚的是，以下所描述的实施例可以在没有具体细节当中的一些或全部的情况下被实施。在其他情况下，众所周知的过程步骤没有详细描述，以避免不必要地模糊所描述的实施例。其他应用也是可能的，本公开的方案并不限制于这些示例。Representative applications of aspects such as devices and methods according to the present disclosure are described below. These examples are described only to add context and to assist in understanding the described embodiments. Thus it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the embodiments described below may be practiced without some or all of the specific details. In other instances, well known process steps have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the described embodiments. Other applications are possible and the aspects of the present disclosure are not limited to these examples.
在无线通信领域，对于无线自组织网络(也称为ad hoc网络)的研究在近年来取得了一定进展。与传统的无线蜂窝通信系统不同，无线自组织网络不需要固定设备的支持，网络中的各个节点可以自行组网。例如，图2示出了无线自组织网络的示例场景图200。该无线自组织网络采用分布式的传输方式，节点之间的通信通常需要经过中间节点的转发，例如，节点a与节点g之间的通信可以经由节点d和节点f，也可以经由节点d和节 点c。每个节点采用特定量的功率进行发送，例如，图2中的节点a的发送功率使得其发送的数据可以到达节点b或节点d，进而节点b或节点d可以作为中间节点将节点a发送的数据进一步转发给距离更远的节点，诸如节点c和节点e。In the field of wireless communication, research on wireless ad hoc networks (also known as ad hoc networks) has made some progress in recent years. Different from the traditional wireless cellular communication system, the wireless ad hoc network does not need the support of fixed equipment, and each node in the network can form a network by itself. For example, FIG. 2 shows an example scenario diagram 200 for a wireless ad hoc network. The wireless ad-hoc network adopts a distributed transmission mode. The communication between nodes usually needs to be forwarded by intermediate nodes. For example, the communication between node a and node g can be via node d and node f, or via node d and node f. node c. Each node uses a specific amount of power to transmit. For example, the transmission power of node a in Figure 2 allows the data it transmits to reach node b or node d, and then node b or node d can act as an intermediate node to transmit the data sent by node a. The data is further forwarded to more distant nodes, such as node c and node e.
无线自组织网络的组网形式能够突破传统无线蜂窝网络的地理局限性，能够适应一些紧急场合(诸如战场的单兵通信系统)的快速和高效的通信需求。无线自组织网络的分布式传输方式与区块链系统的分布式特性能够很好地相符，用无线自组织网络对区块链进行信息传输能够使得区块链系统不依赖于传统基础设施，并且无线自组织网络的无中心(分布式)、自组性和快速组网等特点使得区块链能够应用于更加复杂和广泛的无线通信场景中。The networking form of the wireless ad hoc network can break through the geographical limitations of the traditional wireless cellular network, and can adapt to the fast and efficient communication requirements of some emergency situations (such as the individual soldier communication system on the battlefield). The distributed transmission mode of the wireless ad hoc network is in good agreement with the distributed characteristics of the blockchain system. Using the wireless ad hoc network to transmit information to the blockchain can make the blockchain system independent of traditional infrastructure, and The characteristics of non-center (distributed), self-organizing and fast networking of the wireless self-organizing network enable the blockchain to be applied to more complex and extensive wireless communication scenarios.
根据本公开的实施例，提出了基于自组织网络的区块链系统。图3示出了根据本公开实施例的基于自组织网络的区块链系统的示例场景图300。该示例场景图300描绘了区块链交易的整个流程301-305。在301中，节点之间可以发起交易。例如，节点a发起一笔与节点b的交易。在302中，可以通过无线自组织网络将上述节点a与节点b的交易传输到区块链系统中的所有节点。接下来，在303中，区块链系统中的任何节点可以作为矿工来收集和验证交易，并且创建区块(即，将经验证的交易打包进新的区块)。在304中，通过无线自组织网络将交易验证结果(已打包的区块)传输到区块链系统中的各个节点。当且仅当包含在区块中的所有交易都是有效的并且之前未存在过，其他节点才认同该区块的有效性。在305中，将被其他节点承认有效的区块中的交易写入账本。也就是说，将该打包的区块连接到了区块链上，达成全网共识。According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a blockchain system based on an ad hoc network is proposed. FIG. 3 shows an example scenario diagram 300 of an ad hoc network-based blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The example scenario graph 300 depicts the overall flow 301-305 of a blockchain transaction. In 301, transactions can be initiated between nodes. For example, node a initiates a transaction with node b. In 302, the above-mentioned transaction between node a and node b may be transmitted to all nodes in the blockchain system through a wireless ad hoc network. Next, in 303, any node in the blockchain system can act as a miner to collect and verify transactions, and create blocks (that is, pack verified transactions into new blocks). In 304, the transaction verification result (packaged block) is transmitted to each node in the blockchain system through the wireless ad hoc network. Other nodes agree that the block is valid if and only if all transactions included in the block are valid and have not existed before. In 305, write the transactions in the block recognized as valid by other nodes into the ledger. In other words, the packaged block is connected to the blockchain to reach a consensus on the entire network.
应该理解的是，在区块链系统中的节点发起交易并且将交易发布出去以后，区块链上的节点都可以收集未验证的交易并且将交易打包成区块。此后，通过工作量证明(Proof of Work,PoW)来获得记账权的节点(通常是算力大的节点)可以将自己打包好的区块广播给全网的所有节点，直到例如超过半数的节点验证了该区块中的交易以及具有记账权的节点算得的随机数是正确的，该区块才正式得到验证并且被连接到区块链上。It should be understood that after a node in the blockchain system initiates a transaction and publishes the transaction, the nodes on the blockchain can collect unverified transactions and package the transactions into blocks. Thereafter, nodes (usually nodes with large computing power) that obtain bookkeeping rights through Proof of Work (PoW) can broadcast their own packaged blocks to all nodes in the entire network until, for example, more than half of the The node verifies that the transactions in the block and the random number calculated by the node with bookkeeping rights are correct, and the block is officially verified and connected to the blockchain.
应该理解的是，在同一时间，区块链系统仅包括一个具有记账权的节点(在本公开中也称为“第一节点”)，以及一个或多个不具有记账权的节点(在本公开中也称为“第二节点”)。It should be understood that at the same time, the blockchain system only includes one node with bookkeeping rights (also referred to as "the first node" in this disclosure), and one or more nodes without bookkeeping rights ( Also referred to as "second node" in this disclosure).
在本文中“节点”一词具有其通常含义的全部广度，例如节点可以移动站(Mobile  Station，MS)、用户设备(User Equipment，UE)等。节点设备可以实现为诸如移动电话、手持式设备、媒体播放器、计算机、膝上型电脑或平板电脑的设备或者几乎任何类型的无线设备。The term "node" herein has the full breadth of its usual meaning, for example a node may be a mobile station (Mobile Station, MS), a user equipment (User Equipment, UE), etc. A node device may be implemented as a device such as a mobile phone, handheld device, media player, computer, laptop or tablet, or virtually any type of wireless device.
将无线自组织网络的分布式传输方式应用于区块链系统，传统的中心化的传输机制将不再适用。为了能够真正实现区块链的分布式传输，本公开设计了适用于上述系统的若干方面的传输机制。根据本公开的实施例，该传输机制至少根据各节点的交易信息来动态调整对于交易和区块的发送功率；根据当前无线自组织网络的环境来选取适于该环境的路由协议，并且根据网络环境的变化来调整路由协议。根据本公开实施例的传输机制，区块链系统能够应用于更复杂多样和更广泛的通信场景中，而不仅仅局限于存在网络基础设施(诸如互联网基础设施)的环境中，并且能够迅速提升区块链的交易速率和网络性能。Applying the distributed transmission method of the wireless self-organizing network to the blockchain system, the traditional centralized transmission mechanism will no longer be applicable. In order to truly realize the distributed transmission of the blockchain, this disclosure designs a transmission mechanism applicable to several aspects of the above-mentioned system. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmission mechanism dynamically adjusts the transmission power for transactions and blocks at least according to the transaction information of each node; selects a routing protocol suitable for the environment according to the current wireless ad hoc network environment, and according to the network Changes in the environment to adjust the routing protocol. According to the transmission mechanism of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the blockchain system can be applied to more complex, diverse and wider communication scenarios, not just limited to the environment where network infrastructure (such as Internet infrastructure) exists, and can rapidly improve Blockchain transaction rate and network performance.
图4示出了根据本公开实施例的用于区块链系统中的第一节点(例如，具有记账权的节点)的示例性电子设备。图4所示的电子设备400可以包括各种单元以实现根据本公开的各实施例。在该示例中，电子设备400包括获取单元402、管理单元404和通信单元406。在一种实施方式中，电子设备400被实现为第一节点本身或其一部分，或者被实现为与第一节点相关的设备或者该设备的一部分。以下结合第一节点描述的各种操作可以由电子设备400的单元402、404和406或者其他可能的单元实现。Fig. 4 shows an exemplary electronic device used for a first node (eg, a node with bookkeeping rights) in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The electronic device 400 shown in FIG. 4 may include various units to implement various embodiments according to the present disclosure. In this example, the electronic device 400 includes an acquisition unit 402 , a management unit 404 and a communication unit 406 . In one embodiment, the electronic device 400 is implemented as the first node itself or a part thereof, or as a device related to the first node or a part of the device. Various operations described below in conjunction with the first node may be implemented by the units 402 , 404 and 406 of the electronic device 400 or other possible units.
在实施例中，电子设备400的获取单元402可以被配置为从区块链系统中的每一个节点获取基本信息，其中基本信息至少包括该节点的交易信息，并且该交易信息可以包括该节点发起的交易数量和该节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用。管理单元404可以被配置为基于每一个节点的交易信息，对每一个节点进行排序。管理单元404还被配置为：对于区块链系统中的不同于第一节点的第二节点(例如，任一个不具有记账权的节点)，响应于确定第二节点不被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的节点发起的交易，至少部分地基于第二节点的基本信息来生成针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息；响应于确定第二节点被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的一个或多个节点发起的交易，至少部分地基于该一个或多个节点中的排序最靠前的节点的基本信息和第二节点的基本信息来生成针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息。此后，通信单元406可以被配置为向第二节点发送第一类型功率调整信息，用于调整第二节点的功率以使得第二节点向区块链系统中的其他 节点发送由第二节点发起的交易和/或转发由区块链系统中的其他节点发起的交易。In an embodiment, the obtaining unit 402 of the electronic device 400 may be configured to obtain basic information from each node in the blockchain system, wherein the basic information includes at least the transaction information of the node, and the transaction information may include the transaction information initiated by the node. The number of transactions and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating transactions. The management unit 404 may be configured to sort each node based on the transaction information of each node. The management unit 404 is also configured to: for a second node in the blockchain system that is different from the first node (for example, any node that does not have the right to bookkeeping), in response to determining that the second node is not used for forwarding A transaction initiated by a node ranked higher than the second node generates the first type of power adjustment information for the second node based at least in part on the basic information of the second node; in response to determining that the second node is used for forwarding A transaction initiated by one or more nodes at the top is at least partially based on the basic information of the top node among the one or more nodes and the basic information of the second node to generate the first transaction for the second node. Type power adjustment information. Thereafter, the communication unit 406 may be configured to send the first type of power adjustment information to the second node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends other nodes in the blockchain system the information initiated by the second node. Transact and/or forward transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system.
附加地或替代地，电子设备400的获取单元402从区块链系统中的每一个节点获取的基本信息还可以包括节点的位置、移动速度和节点暂停时间，并且管理单元404可以基于各个节点的基本信息来确定路由协议，并且通信单元406可以将所确定的路由协议发送给区块链系统中的每一个节点。进一步地，管理单元404还可以基于各个节点的基本信息和自组织网络的区域长度来确定当前的路由协议有效时间，并且通信单元406可以将所确定的路由协议有效时间发送给区块链系统中的每一个节点，使得在该路由协议有效时间到期时，路由协议根据上述方法被重新确定。Additionally or alternatively, the basic information acquired by the acquisition unit 402 of the electronic device 400 from each node in the blockchain system may also include the node's position, moving speed and node pause time, and the management unit 404 may base on each node's Basic information to determine the routing protocol, and the communication unit 406 can send the determined routing protocol to each node in the blockchain system. Further, the management unit 404 can also determine the valid time of the current routing protocol based on the basic information of each node and the area length of the self-organizing network, and the communication unit 406 can send the determined valid time of the routing protocol to the block chain system Each node of , so that when the valid time of the routing protocol expires, the routing protocol is re-determined according to the above method.
图5示出了根据本公开实施例的用于区块链系统中的第二节点(例如，不具有记账权的节点)的示例性电子设备500。图5所示的电子设备500可以包括各种单元以实现根据本公开的各实施例。在该示例中，电子设备500包括检测单元502和通信单元504。在一种实施方式中，电子设备500被实现为第二节点本身或其一部分，或者被实现与第二节点相关的设备或者该设备的一部分。以下结合第二节点描述的各种操作可以由电子设备500的单元502和504或者其他可能的单元实现。Fig. 5 shows an exemplary electronic device 500 used for a second node (eg, a node without bookkeeping right) in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The electronic device 500 shown in FIG. 5 may include various units to implement various embodiments according to the present disclosure. In this example, the electronic device 500 includes a detection unit 502 and a communication unit 504 . In one embodiment, the electronic device 500 is implemented as the second node itself or a part thereof, or as a device related to the second node or a part of the device. Various operations described below in conjunction with the second node may be implemented by units 502 and 504 of the electronic device 500 or other possible units.
在实施例中，电子设备500的检测单元502可以被配置为检测第二节点的基本信息，其中该基本信息至少包括第二节点的交易信息，并且该交易信息包括第二节点发起的交易数量和第二节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用。通信单元504可以被配置为向区块链系统中的第一节点(例如，具有记账权的节点)发送基本信息，以使得第一节点基于获取的区块链系统中的每一个节点的交易信息，对每一个节点进行排序。接下来，通信单元504还可以被配置为从第一节点接收第一类型功率调整信息，用于调整第二节点的功率以使得第二节点向区块链系统中的其他节点发送由第二节点发起的交易和/或转发由区块链系统中的其他节点发起的交易。其中，在第二节点不被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的节点发起的交易的情况下，针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息是至少部分地基于第二节点的基本信息而生成的。在第二节点被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的一个或多个节点发起的交易的情况下，针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息是至少部分地基于该一个或多个节点中的排序最靠前的节点的基本信息和第二节点的基本信息而生成的。In an embodiment, the detection unit 502 of the electronic device 500 may be configured to detect the basic information of the second node, wherein the basic information includes at least the transaction information of the second node, and the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the second node and The fee that the second node is willing to pay when initiating a transaction. The communication unit 504 may be configured to send basic information to the first node in the blockchain system (for example, a node with bookkeeping rights), so that the first node can obtain transaction information based on each node in the blockchain system. Information, sort each node. Next, the communication unit 504 can also be configured to receive the first type of power adjustment information from the first node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends to other nodes in the blockchain system Initiate transactions and/or forward transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system. Wherein, in the case that the second node is not used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node, the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is based at least in part on the basic information of the second node Generated. Where the second node is used to forward transactions initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is based at least in part on the one or more nodes It is generated by the basic information of the top-ranked node and the basic information of the second node.
附加地或替代地，电子设备500的检测单元502检测的基本信息还可以包括第二节点的位置、移动速度和节点暂停时间。在经由通信单元504将第二节点的基本信息发送给 第一节点后，可以使得第一节点至少基于区块链系统中的每一个节点的基本信息，确定路由协议。第二节点可以经由通信单元504接收所确定的路由协议。进一步地，在经由通信单元504将第二节点的基本信息发送给第一节点后，可以使得第一节点基于各个节点的基本信息和自组织网络的区域长度来确定当前的路由协议有效时间。第二节点可以经由通信单元504接收将所确定的路由协议有效时间。在该路由协议有效时间到期时，由此时的具有记账权的节点(该节点可能是第二节点，也可能是其他任一节点)根据上述方法重新确定路由协议。Additionally or alternatively, the basic information detected by the detecting unit 502 of the electronic device 500 may also include the position, moving speed and node pause time of the second node. After sending the basic information of the second node to the first node via the communication unit 504, the first node can determine the routing protocol based on at least the basic information of each node in the blockchain system. The second node may receive the determined routing protocol via the communication unit 504 . Further, after sending the basic information of the second node to the first node via the communication unit 504, the first node may determine the current valid time of the routing protocol based on the basic information of each node and the area length of the ad hoc network. The second node may receive the determined validity time of the routing protocol via the communication unit 504 . When the valid time of the routing agreement expires, the node with accounting right at that time (the node may be the second node or any other node) shall re-determine the routing agreement according to the above method.
在一些实施例中，电子设备400和500可以以芯片级来实现，或者也可以通过包括其他外部部件(例如无线电链路、天线等)而以设备级来实现。例如，各电子设备可以作为整机而工作为通信设备。In some embodiments, electronic devices 400 and 500 may be implemented at a chip level, or may also be implemented at a device level by including other external components (eg, radio links, antennas, etc.). For example, each electronic device can work as a communication device as a whole.
应该注意的是，上述各个单元仅是根据其所实现的具体功能划分的逻辑模块，而不是用于限制具体的实现方式，例如可以以软件、硬件或者软硬件结合的方式来实现。在实际实现时，上述各个单元可被实现为独立的物理实体，或者也可由单个实体(例如，处理器(CPU或DSP等)、集成电路等)来实现。其中，处理电路可以指在计算系统中执行功能的数字电路系统、模拟电路系统或混合信号(模拟和数字的组合)电路系统的各种实现。处理电路可以包括例如诸如集成电路(IC)、专用集成电路(ASIC)这样的电路、单独处理器核心的部分或电路、整个处理器核心、单独的处理器、诸如现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的可编程硬件设备、和/或包括多个处理器的系统。It should be noted that the above-mentioned units are only logical modules divided according to the specific functions they implement, and are not used to limit specific implementation methods, for example, they can be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. In actual implementation, each of the above units may be implemented as an independent physical entity, or may also be implemented by a single entity (for example, a processor (CPU or DSP, etc.), an integrated circuit, etc.). Herein, processing circuitry may refer to various implementations of digital circuitry, analog circuitry, or mixed-signal (combination of analog and digital) circuitry that performs a function in a computing system. Processing circuitry may include, for example, circuits such as integrated circuits (ICs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), portions or circuits of individual processor cores, entire processor cores, individual processors, such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) programmable hardware devices, and/or systems including multiple processors.
基本信息Basic Information
根据本公开的实施例，区块链系统中的各个节点可以首先检测到关于自身节点的基本信息，并且具有记账权的节点可以获取各个节点所检测到的基本信息。应该理解的是，具有记账权的节点可以是通过在上一区块的生成和验证过程中确定的，也可以是在创世块(例如，编号为0的区块)出现之前随机选取的，例如选取位于自组织网络的几何中心的节点作为具有记账权的节点。作为示例，在这种情况下，由于各个节点可能还没有建立完善的自组织网络，因此节点本地仅存储有包括部分路由信息的路由表。节点根据自身本地存储的部分路由信息向路由表内的其他节点发送信息(泛洪)以确定是否能到达这些节点并且获取这些节点的位置信息。经过一次泛洪之后，通常来说所有节点都将认识位于几何区域的中心的节点，因此可以选择该区域中心节点作为具有记账权的节点来 获取各个节点的基本信息。According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, each node in the blockchain system can first detect the basic information about its own node, and the node with accounting right can obtain the basic information detected by each node. It should be understood that the nodes with accounting rights can be determined during the generation and verification process of the previous block, or they can be randomly selected before the genesis block (for example, the block numbered 0) appears , such as selecting the node located at the geometric center of the self-organizing network as the node with bookkeeping rights. As an example, in this case, since each node may not have established a complete self-organizing network, the node locally stores only a routing table including partial routing information. A node sends information (flooding) to other nodes in the routing table according to part of the routing information stored locally to determine whether it can reach these nodes and obtain the location information of these nodes. After a flood, generally speaking, all nodes will recognize the node located in the center of the geometric area, so the central node of the area can be selected as the node with accounting rights to obtain the basic information of each node.
基本信息可以包括交易信息。例如，交易信息可以包括节点发起的交易数量和该节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用。基本信息还可以包括节点的位置、移动速度和节点暂停时间、以及接收灵敏度度等信息。应该理解的是，基本信息还可以包括其他附加信息。例如，基本信息可以包括上一区块的信息，例如上一区块的头哈希值、默克尔根哈希值、时间戳、工作量证明计算参数、交易、区块大小、生成时间等。这些关于上一区块的信息可以用于创造下一区块。此外，基本信息还可以包括与频谱管理相关的信息，例如节点的服务质量(Quality of Service,QoS)和体验质量(Quality of Experience,QoE)等。Basic information may include transaction information. For example, transaction information may include the number of transactions initiated by a node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating a transaction. The basic information can also include information such as the position of the node, the moving speed, the pause time of the node, and the receiving sensitivity. It should be understood that the basic information may also include other additional information. For example, the basic information can include the information of the previous block, such as the header hash value of the previous block, Merkle root hash value, timestamp, proof-of-work calculation parameters, transactions, block size, generation time, etc. . This information about the previous block can be used to create the next block. In addition, the basic information may also include information related to spectrum management, such as the quality of service (Quality of Service, QoS) and quality of experience (Quality of Experience, QoE) of the node.
根据本公开的实施例，具有记账权的节点在获取区块链系统中的各个节点的基本信息后，结合自组织网络的分布式特点，可以基于所获取的基本信息来动态调整各个节点的发送功率、为网络中的节点适应性地选取路由协议、并且根据网络的变化来动态调整路由协议。以下将详细介绍根据本公开的用于基于自组织网络的区块链系统的传输机制。According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, after acquiring the basic information of each node in the blockchain system, the node with the bookkeeping right can dynamically adjust the status of each node based on the obtained basic information in combination with the distributed characteristics of the self-organizing network. Send power, adaptively select routing protocols for nodes in the network, and dynamically adjust routing protocols according to network changes. The transmission mechanism for the blockchain system based on the self-organizing network according to the present disclosure will be introduced in detail below.
功率调整power adjustment
如参考图2所述的，在无线自组织网络中，每个节点的能量有限，即发送功率有限，使得该节点发送的信号能够到达有限距离内的其他节点。提高节点的发送功率可以使得该节点发送的信号到达更远距离的其他节点。返回参考图3，在基于无线自组织网络的区块链系统中，节点需要向其他节点传输自己发起的交易，并且节点还需要向其他节点传输已经打包好的区块。相应地，本公开针对上述两种情形分别提出了用于节点的发送功率调整方法，即第一类型功率调整和第二类型功率调整。图6A和图6B分别示出了根据本公开实施例的针对基于自组织网络的区块链系统中的节点的第一类型功率调整和第二类型功率调整的示例图。As described with reference to FIG. 2 , in a wireless ad hoc network, each node has limited energy, that is, limited transmit power, so that the signal transmitted by this node can reach other nodes within a limited distance. Increasing the sending power of a node can make the signal sent by the node reach other nodes at a longer distance. Referring back to Figure 3, in a blockchain system based on a wireless ad hoc network, nodes need to transmit transactions initiated by themselves to other nodes, and nodes also need to transmit packaged blocks to other nodes. Correspondingly, the present disclosure respectively proposes transmission power adjustment methods for nodes for the above two situations, that is, the first type power adjustment and the second type power adjustment. FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B respectively show exemplary diagrams of a first type of power adjustment and a second type of power adjustment for nodes in an ad hoc network-based blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
第一类型功率调整Type 1 Power Adjustment
根据本公开的实施例，第一类型功率调整涉及调整基于自组织网络的区块链系统中的节点的发送功率，以用于发送该节点发起的交易和转发由其他节点发起的交易。下面将参考图6A中所示的具体示例来详细描述根据本公开的第一类型功率调整的方法。According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first type of power adjustment involves adjusting the sending power of a node in an ad hoc network-based blockchain system for sending transactions initiated by the node and forwarding transactions initiated by other nodes. The method of the first type of power adjustment according to the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the specific example shown in FIG. 6A .
如图6A所示，在第一类型功率调整前，区块链系统中的各个节点(例如，节点a、b、c、d、N)的发送功率有限，仅供节点将交易发送给相邻节点。其中，节点a和节点 N可以看作是该区块链系统在无线自组织网络中的边缘节点。As shown in Figure 6A, before the first type of power adjustment, the sending power of each node (for example, nodes a, b, c, d, N) in the blockchain system is limited, and it is only used for nodes to send transactions to their neighbors. node. Among them, node a and node N can be regarded as the edge nodes of the blockchain system in the wireless ad hoc network.
假设区块链系统中的节点N在上一区块的生成与传播后被确定为具有记账权的节点，并且节点N可以获取区块链系统中的各个节点的基本信息。基本信息中可以包括交易信息。作为示例，一个节点的交易信息可以包括该节点发起的交易数量和该节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用。这两个参数可以代表一个节点的交易迫切程度。具体地，节点发起的交易数量越多，发生交易时愿意支付的费用越多，表明该节点的交易需求越迫切。节点N可以基于各个节点的交易信息(例如，基于交易迫切程度)对区块链系统中的所有节点进行排序，并且在该排序的基础上对各个节点进行第一类型功率调整。Assume that node N in the blockchain system is determined to be a node with accounting rights after the generation and dissemination of the previous block, and node N can obtain the basic information of each node in the blockchain system. The basic information may include transaction information. As an example, a node's transaction information may include the number of transactions initiated by the node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating the transaction. These two parameters can represent the transaction urgency of a node. Specifically, the more transactions a node initiates, the more fees it is willing to pay when a transaction occurs, indicating that the node's transaction needs are more urgent. The node N can sort all the nodes in the blockchain system based on the transaction information of each node (for example, based on the urgency of the transaction), and perform the first type of power adjustment on each node based on the ranking.
作为示例，具有记账权的节点(例如，节点N)可以对每一个节点的交易信息中所包括的该节点发起的交易数量和该节点发起所有交易时愿意付出的费用进行加权求和，并且根据加权求和的结果对每一个节点进行排序。具体地，节点发起的交易数量和节点发起交易时愿意付出的总费用(这里也可以是节点发起每个交易愿意付出的平均费用)可以被赋予归一化的正权重系数。在更看重节点发起的数量的情况下，可以将该参数的权重系数适当调大，使其具有更大的优先权。反之，在更看重节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用的情况下，可以将该参数的权重系数适当调大，使其具有更大的优先权。应该理解的是，这里仅仅对各个节点的排序给出了示例，而非限制。可以根据本领域技术人员能够想到的交易信息的其他因素对节点进行排序，也可以采取本领域技术人员能够想到的其他排序方法对节点进行排序。As an example, a node (for example, node N) with bookkeeping right can carry out a weighted summation of the number of transactions initiated by the node included in the transaction information of each node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when it initiates all transactions, and Each node is sorted according to the result of the weighted sum. Specifically, the number of transactions initiated by a node and the total fee that a node is willing to pay when initiating a transaction (here may also be the average fee that a node is willing to pay for initiating each transaction) can be given a normalized positive weight coefficient. In the case where more emphasis is placed on the number of nodes initiated, the weight coefficient of this parameter can be appropriately increased to give it a greater priority. Conversely, in the case of paying more attention to the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating a transaction, the weight coefficient of this parameter can be appropriately increased to give it a greater priority. It should be understood that, here only an example is given for the ordering of each node, rather than a limitation. The nodes can be sorted according to other factors of transaction information that can be imagined by those skilled in the art, and can also be sorted by adopting other sorting methods that can be imagined by those skilled in the art.
表1示出了图6A中的各个节点的交易信息的示例，其中列出了区块链系统中的每个节点发起的交易数量和该节点愿意为每个交易付出的费用的总和。假设为交易数量赋予的权重为0.3并且为总交易费用赋予的权重为0.7，那么具有记账权的节点N进行加权求和后可以做出如下排序：节点d、节点N、节点a、节点b、节点c。Table 1 shows an example of the transaction information of each node in FIG. 6A , which lists the transaction quantity initiated by each node in the blockchain system and the sum of the fees that the node is willing to pay for each transaction. Assuming that the weight assigned to the transaction quantity is 0.3 and the weight assigned to the total transaction fee is 0.7, then the node N with bookkeeping right can make the following order after weighted summation: node d, node N, node a, node b , node c.
Figure PCTCN2022098004-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022098004-appb-000001
表1.节点的交易信息的示例Table 1. Example of transaction information of a node
根据上述排序，具有记账权的节点N可以对基于自组织网络的区块链系统中的各个 节点进行第一类型功率调整。具体而言，对于各个节点的第一类型功率调整可以包括如下示例步骤：According to the above ordering, the node N with the bookkeeping right can perform the first type of power adjustment to each node in the blockchain system based on the self-organizing network. Specifically, the first type of power adjustment for each node may include the following exemplary steps:
(1)节点d：由于节点d发起的交易数量和愿意付出的交易费最多，因此可以增大节点d的发送功率，以将节点d发起的交易更快地传播至整个自组织网络。例如，可以将节点d的发送功率增大至发送范围覆盖节点b，并且选择节点b作为转发节点，进而增大节点b的发送功率以使其能够将节点d发起的交易转发至边缘节点N。(1) Node d: Since the number of transactions initiated by node d and the transaction fee that it is willing to pay are the largest, the sending power of node d can be increased to spread the transactions initiated by node d to the entire ad hoc network faster. For example, the transmission power of node d can be increased to the extent that the transmission range covers node b, and node b is selected as the forwarding node, and then the transmission power of node b can be increased so that it can forward the transaction initiated by node d to edge node N.
(2)节点N：由于节点N发起的交易数量和愿意付出的交易费较多，因此可以增大节点N的发送功率，以将节点N发起的交易较快地传播至整个自组织网络。例如，可以将节点N的发送功率增大至发送范围覆盖节点b，并且选择节点b作为转发节点。应该理解的是，由于在先前的步骤(1)中已经对节点b进行了第一类型功率调整，因此在该步骤中不再对节点b的发送功率进行第一类型功率调整。(2) Node N: Since the number of transactions initiated by node N and the transaction fees willing to pay are large, the sending power of node N can be increased to spread the transactions initiated by node N to the entire ad hoc network quickly. For example, the transmission power of node N may be increased until the transmission range covers node b, and node b is selected as the forwarding node. It should be understood that since the first type of power adjustment has been performed on node b in the previous step (1), the first type of power adjustment will not be performed on the transmission power of node b in this step.
(3)节点a：由于节点N发起的交易数量和愿意付出的交易费较少，因此可以保持其发送功率，使其发送范围仅覆盖到相邻节点(例如，节点d)即可。节点d可以作为用于转发由节点a发起的交易的转发节点。应该理解的是，由于在先前的步骤(1)中已经对节点d进行了第一类型功率调整，因此在该步骤中不再对节点d的发送功率进行第一类型功率调整。(3) Node a: Since the number of transactions initiated by node N and the transaction fee it is willing to pay are relatively small, it can maintain its transmission power so that its transmission range only covers adjacent nodes (for example, node d). Node d can act as a forwarding node for forwarding transactions initiated by node a. It should be understood that since the first type of power adjustment has been performed on node d in the previous step (1), the first type of power adjustment is not performed on the transmission power of node d in this step.
(4)节点b：由于在先前的步骤(1)中已经对节点b进行了第一类型功率调整，因此在该步骤中不再对节点b的发送功率进行第一类型功率调整。(4) Node b: Since the first type of power adjustment has been performed on node b in the previous step (1), the first type of power adjustment is not performed on the transmission power of node b in this step.
(5)节点c：由于节点c不需要发起交易，并且在先前步骤中没有被确定为转发节点，因此在能量受限的情况下，可以将节点c的发送功率降低为0。(5) Node c: Since node c does not need to initiate a transaction, and was not identified as a forwarding node in the previous step, in the case of energy constraints, the sending power of node c can be reduced to 0.
应该认识到的是，上述步骤仅仅为示例，并不旨在进行限制。在实践中，例如可以结合节点的排序以及该节点的交易信息中的参数的加权求和结果来综合决定增大还是减小该节点的第一类型功率以及决定第一类型功率的增大或减小的幅度。例如，可以设定排序阈值和参数加权求和阈值，当实际排序比排序阈值靠前并且实际参数加权求和大于参数加权求和阈值时，考虑增大节点的第一类型发送功率。应该理解的是，该阈值可以是预先定义的值，也可以是根据先验经验结合机器学习等技术经过训练和计算得到的值。还应该理解的是，该阈值可以定期地更新。It should be appreciated that the steps described above are examples only and are not intended to be limiting. In practice, for example, the ranking of nodes and the weighted summation results of the parameters in the node's transaction information can be combined to determine whether to increase or decrease the first type power of the node and to determine the increase or decrease of the first type power. small margin. For example, a sorting threshold and a parameter weighted sum threshold can be set, and when the actual sorting threshold is higher than the sorting threshold and the actual parameter weighted sum is greater than the parameter weighted sum threshold, consider increasing the first-type transmit power of the node. It should be understood that the threshold may be a pre-defined value, or a value obtained through training and calculation based on prior experience combined with techniques such as machine learning. It should also be understood that the threshold may be periodically updated.
总结来说，具有记账权的节点(例如，节点N)对区块链系统中的节点基于交易信 息进行排序后，可以针对每个节点生成第一类型功率调整信息，用于调整每个节点的功率以使得该节点向其他节点发送由该节点发起的交易和/或转发由其他节点发起的交易。在此过程中，对于区块链系统中的任何一个不具有记账权的节点，如果判断出该节点(例如，节点d)不被用于转发比该节点排序靠前的节点发起的交易，那么可以至少部分地基于该节点的基本信息来生成针对该节点的第一类型功率调整信息；如果判断出该节点(例如，节点b)已经被用于转发由比该节点排序靠前的一个或多个节点(例如，节点d和节点N)发起的交易，那么可以至少部分地基于该一个或多个节点中的排序最靠前的节点(例如，节点d)的基本信息和该节点的基本信息来生成针对该节点的第一类型功率调整信息。之后，具有记账权的节点N可以向不具有记账权的节点发送第一类型功率调整信息。应该理解的是，类似于上述处理，具有记账权的节点(例如，节点N)可以对自身进行第一类型功率调整，从而向区块链系统中的其他节点发送由该节点发起的交易和/或转发由其他节点发起的交易。In summary, after a node with bookkeeping rights (for example, node N) sorts the nodes in the blockchain system based on transaction information, it can generate the first type of power adjustment information for each node, which is used to adjust the power of each node. power to enable the node to send transactions initiated by the node to other nodes and/or forward transactions initiated by other nodes. During this process, for any node in the blockchain system that does not have bookkeeping rights, if it is judged that the node (for example, node d) is not used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than this node, Then the first type of power adjustment information for the node can be generated based at least in part on the basic information of the node; if it is determined that the node (for example, node b) has been used to forward one or more A transaction initiated by a node (for example, node d and node N) can be based at least in part on the basic information of the top-ranked node (for example, node d) among the one or more nodes and the basic information of the node to generate the first type of power adjustment information for the node. Afterwards, the node N with the accounting right may send the first type of power adjustment information to the node without the accounting right. It should be understood that, similar to the above-mentioned processing, a node with bookkeeping rights (for example, node N) can perform the first type of power adjustment on itself, so as to send transactions and transactions initiated by the node to other nodes in the blockchain system. / or forward transactions initiated by other nodes.
第二类型功率调整Type 2 Power Adjustment
根据本公开的实施例，第二类型功率调整涉及调整基于自组织网络的区块链系统中的节点的发送功率，以用于发送或转发打包的区块。下面将参考图6B中所示的具体示例来详细描述根据本公开的第二类型功率调整的方法。According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second type of power adjustment involves adjusting the transmission power of nodes in the ad hoc network-based blockchain system for sending or forwarding packaged blocks. The method of the second type of power adjustment according to the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the specific example shown in FIG. 6B .
如图6B所示，在第二类型功率调整前，区块链系统中的各个节点(例如，节点a、b、c、d、N)的发送功率有限，仅供节点将交易发送给相邻节点。假设区块链系统中的节点N在上一区块的生成与传播后被确定为具有记账权的节点，并且节点N可以获取区块链系统中的各个节点的基本信息。As shown in Figure 6B, before the second type of power adjustment, the transmission power of each node (for example, nodes a, b, c, d, N) in the blockchain system is limited, and it is only used for nodes to send transactions to their neighbors. node. Assume that node N in the blockchain system is determined to be a node with accounting rights after the generation and dissemination of the previous block, and node N can obtain the basic information of each node in the blockchain system.
当基于自组织网络的区块链系统中的节点成功打包了区块，那么期望尽快将该打包好的区块传播至区块链系统中的各个节点。作为示例，节点d成功打包好了区块，根据当前的功率，需要4跳才能将该打包好的区块发送至最远的边缘节点N。因此，可以对节点d进行第二类型功率调整，即增大节点d的发送功率，例如使得其发送范围覆盖节点b。然后，选择节点b作为转发节点，进而增大节点b的发送功率以使其能够将打包好的区块转发至边缘节点N。由此，具有记账权的节点N可以向节点d发送第二类型功率调整信息，使得从节点d仅需要2跳即可将打包好的区块发送至最远的节点N。同时，不参与转发打包好的区块的其他节点(例如，节点a、节点c)可以保持其发送功率不变，或 者甚至降低发送功率。应该认识到的是，打包区块的节点可以是区块链系统中的任何一个节点。When a node in the blockchain system based on the self-organizing network successfully packs a block, it is expected to spread the packaged block to each node in the blockchain system as soon as possible. As an example, node d has successfully packaged a block. According to the current power, it takes 4 hops to send the packaged block to the farthest edge node N. Therefore, the second type of power adjustment may be performed on node d, that is, to increase the transmission power of node d, such as to make its transmission range cover node b. Then, node b is selected as the forwarding node, and the transmission power of node b is increased so that it can forward the packaged block to the edge node N. Thus, the node N with the accounting right can send the second type of power adjustment information to the node d, so that it only needs 2 hops from the node d to send the packaged block to the farthest node N. At the same time, other nodes (eg, node a, node c) that do not participate in forwarding the packaged blocks can keep their transmission power unchanged, or even reduce their transmission power. It should be recognized that the node packaging the block can be any node in the blockchain system.
本领域技术人员将理解的是，在基于自组织网络的区块链系统中的区块传播过程中，也可以对自组织网络中的节点按照物理位置等因素进行分组(或者也可以称为“分簇”)。可以将每个分组中的发送功率最大的节点设定为“头节点”。在区块的传播过程中，打包区块的节点可以仅将区块发送给本分组内的其他节点以及其他分组的头节点，使得每个分组的头节点将区块传播给自己分组内的其他节点，从而将该区块传播至网络中的所有节点。由于区块链系统中的节点可能随时退出或加入，为了避免“头节点”突然离开自组织网络导致该分组接收不到新的区块，可以将分组内的发送功率第二大的节点设定为“副头节点”，从而在头节点离开网络后可以由副头节点管理该分组。当新节点加入区块链系统时，为了方便管理，可以将其加入到该节点第一个发现的相邻节点所在的分组。分组的确定由具有上一区块记账权的节点来完成，在执行针对节点的第二类型功率调整后即可确定出每个分组的“头节点”。Those skilled in the art will understand that, during the block propagation process in the blockchain system based on the self-organizing network, the nodes in the self-organizing network can also be grouped according to factors such as physical location (or it can also be called " Clustering"). The node with the highest transmission power in each group may be set as the "head node". In the block propagation process, the node that packs the block can only send the block to other nodes in this group and the head nodes of other groups, so that the head node of each group will propagate the block to other nodes in its own group node, thereby propagating the block to all nodes in the network. Since nodes in the blockchain system may exit or join at any time, in order to avoid the "head node" suddenly leaving the self-organizing network and causing the group to receive no new blocks, the node with the second largest transmission power in the group can be set as a "deputy head node", so that the group can be managed by the deputy head node after the head node leaves the network. When a new node joins the blockchain system, in order to facilitate management, it can be added to the group where the first adjacent node discovered by the node is located. The determination of the group is done by the node with the accounting right of the previous block, and the "head node" of each group can be determined after performing the second type of power adjustment for the node.
功率调整计算Power adjustment calculation
在第一类型功率调整和第二类型功率调整中，都需要由具有记账权的节点根据各个节点的基本信息来确定发送功率的调整。节点的基本信息可以包括该节点的位置和该节点的接收灵敏度等。具体而言，对于区块链系统中的任一节点j，当针对节点j选取用于转发由节点j发起的交易或用于转发由节点j打包好的区块的节点为节点i时，节点i的发送功率可以通过下式确定：In both the first type of power adjustment and the second type of power adjustment, it is necessary for the node with the accounting right to determine the adjustment of the transmission power according to the basic information of each node. The basic information of a node may include the location of the node, the receiving sensitivity of the node, and the like. Specifically, for any node j in the blockchain system, when the node j is selected as the node i for forwarding the transaction initiated by node j or for forwarding the block packaged by node j as node i, the node The transmit power of i can be determined by the following formula:
P i＝P min+PL i,j P i =P min +PL i,j
其中：PL i,j＝32.4+20lgD i,j+20lgf Among them: PL i,j =32.4+20lgD i,j +20lgf
在上式中，P i表示节点i的发送功率，P min表示节点j的接收灵敏度，PL i,j表示节点i和节点j之间的路径损耗，D i,j表示节点i和节点j之间的距离，f表示频率(单位：MHz)。 In the above formula, P i represents the transmission power of node i, P min represents the receiving sensitivity of node j, PL i,j represents the path loss between node i and node j, and D i,j represents the path loss between node i and node j. The distance between, f represents the frequency (unit: MHz).
应该理解的是，具有记账权的节点针对区块链系统中的一个节点(例如使用上式)确定的该节点的功率调整信息(第一类型功率调整信息和/或第二类型功率调整信息)中可以包括该节点的新的发送功率的值，或者可以包括该节点的新的发送功率与原发送功率的比值(即发送功率增大或减小的幅度)等。节点采用经调整的新的发送功率，可以调整其发送覆盖范围，以将交易或打包好的区块更高效地发送和/或转发至区块链系统中 的其他节点。It should be understood that the power adjustment information (the first type power adjustment information and/or the second type power adjustment information ) may include the value of the new transmit power of the node, or may include the ratio of the new transmit power of the node to the original transmit power (that is, the magnitude of increase or decrease in transmit power), etc. With the new adjusted transmission power, nodes can adjust their transmission coverage to more efficiently send and/or forward transactions or packaged blocks to other nodes in the blockchain system.
路由协议Routing Protocol
在基于自组织网络的区块链系统中，除了针对节点进行发送功率调整，根据网络环境选择合适的路由协议可以有助于提高交易和区块的传输速率，并且提高传输效率。In a blockchain system based on an ad hoc network, in addition to adjusting the sending power for nodes, selecting an appropriate routing protocol according to the network environment can help increase the transaction and block transmission rates and improve transmission efficiency.
在无线自组织网络中存在多种类型的路由协议。例如，这些路由协议可以包括无线自组织(ad hoc)网络按需平面距离向量路由协议(Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing,AODV)、目的节点序列距离矢量(Destination Sequenced Distance Vector,DSDV)、动态源路由(Dynamic Source Routing,DSR)、优化链路状态路由(Optimized Link State Routing,OLSR)、以及临时按序路由算法(Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm,TORA)等。There are many types of routing protocols in wireless ad hoc networks. For example, these routing protocols may include Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), dynamic Source Routing (Dynamic Source Routing, DSR), Optimized Link State Routing (Optimized Link State Routing, OLSR), and Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA), etc.
作为示例，图7A-图7C分别示出了用于基于自组织网络的区块链系统中的路由协议AODV、DSDV、和DSR的示意图。As an example, FIGS. 7A-7C respectively show schematic diagrams of routing protocols AODV, DSDV, and DSR used in an ad hoc network-based blockchain system.
如图7A所示，在该网络中，假设节点S为源节点，节点D为目的节点。根据AODV路由协议，源节点S向其相邻节点广播路由发现请求(Route Request,RREQ)消息。接收到RREQ消息的节点在路由表中设置反向路径表项指向源节点。目的节点D接收到RREQ消息之后以单播的方式发送路由应答(Route Reply,RREP)消息，直至该RREP消息到达源节点S。由此，从源节点S到目的节点D建立了一条路由路径：S→E→F→D。利用该方法，可以建立网络中的任意两个节点之间的路由。As shown in FIG. 7A, in this network, it is assumed that node S is the source node and node D is the destination node. According to the AODV routing protocol, the source node S broadcasts a route discovery request (Route Request, RREQ) message to its adjacent nodes. The node that receives the RREQ message sets the reverse path entry in the routing table to point to the source node. After receiving the RREQ message, the destination node D sends a Route Reply (RREP) message in unicast until the RREP message reaches the source node S. Thus, a routing path is established from the source node S to the destination node D: S→E→F→D. Using this method, a route between any two nodes in the network can be established.
如图7B所示，根据DSDV路由协议，网络中的每一个节点都可以维护一个路由表。作为示例，表2示出了节点D的路由表。As shown in FIG. 7B, according to the DSDV routing protocol, each node in the network can maintain a routing table. As an example, Table 2 shows node D's routing table.
Figure PCTCN2022098004-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2022098004-appb-000002
表2.图7B中的节点D的路由表Table 2. Routing Table for Node D in Figure 7B
对应地，节点D到区块链系统中的其他节点的路由路径可以通过图7B中的虚线示出。应 该认识到的是，各个节点可以周期性地向相邻节点通告其当前的路由表，从而使得网络中的每个节点都能够获得到达全网络任一可达节点的路由信息。Correspondingly, the routing paths from node D to other nodes in the blockchain system can be shown by the dotted lines in FIG. 7B . It should be recognized that each node can periodically announce its current routing table to adjacent nodes, so that each node in the network can obtain routing information to any reachable node in the entire network.
如图7C所示，在该网络中，假设节点S为源节点，节点D为目的节点。根据DSR路由协议，源节点S向相邻节点广播RREQ消息，中间节点(例如，节点B、节点C等)接收到RREQ消息之后将自身的地址附在路由记录中，并且中间节点检测到重复的RREQ消息的情况下可以自动丢弃重复的RREQ消息。作为示例，中间节点B从源节点S和中间节点F都可以接收到RREQ消息，为了使得路径最优，中间节点B可以自动丢弃路径较长的来自节点F的RREQ消息。按照该流程。目的节点D接收到RREQ消息之后可以发送RREP。As shown in FIG. 7C , in this network, it is assumed that node S is the source node and node D is the destination node. According to the DSR routing protocol, the source node S broadcasts the RREQ message to the adjacent nodes, and the intermediate node (for example, node B, node C, etc.) attaches its own address to the routing record after receiving the RREQ message, and the intermediate node detects repeated In the case of RREQ messages, duplicate RREQ messages can be discarded automatically. As an example, the intermediate node B can receive RREQ messages from both the source node S and the intermediate node F, and in order to optimize the path, the intermediate node B can automatically discard the RREQ message from node F with a longer path. Follow the process. Destination node D can send RREP after receiving the RREQ message.
除了上述三种路由协议之外，还存在优化链路状态路由(OLSR)和临时按序路由算法(TORA)等路由协议。一般而言，这些路由协议可以被分为两类：(1)先验式路由协议(包括DSDV、OLSR)，也可以称为表驱动路由协议，这种路由协议的时延较小，但是开销较大；(2)反应式路由协议(包括AODV、DSR、TORA)，也可以称为按需路由协议，这种路由协议的开销较小，但是数据传送的时延较大。In addition to the above three routing protocols, there are routing protocols such as Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA). Generally speaking, these routing protocols can be divided into two categories: (1) A priori routing protocols (including DSDV, OLSR), also known as table-driven routing protocols, the delay of this routing protocol is small, but the overhead (2) Reactive routing protocols (including AODV, DSR, TORA), which can also be called on-demand routing protocols. This routing protocol has a small overhead but a large delay in data transmission.
根据本公开的实施例，基于自组织网络的区块链系统中的具有记账权的节点可以从各个节点获取的基本信息还包括节点的位置、节点的移动速度、以及节点的暂停时间等。因此，具有记账权的节点可以至少基于各个节点的基本信息中所包括的节点的位置、移动速度以及暂停时间等信息，结合路由协议的特性来选择适当的路由协议。之后，具有记账权的节点可以将所确定的路由协议发送至每一个节点。According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the basic information that a node with bookkeeping rights in the blockchain system based on the self-organizing network can obtain from each node includes the location of the node, the moving speed of the node, and the suspension time of the node. Therefore, the node with accounting right can at least select an appropriate routing protocol based on information such as the node's location, moving speed, and pause time included in the basic information of each node, combined with the characteristics of the routing protocol. Afterwards, the node with accounting right can send the determined routing protocol to each node.
作为示例，表3示出了在基本信息的几种参数的范围内的路由协议选择。As an example, Table 3 shows the routing protocol selection within the scope of several parameters of the basic information.
Figure PCTCN2022098004-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2022098004-appb-000003
表3.路由协议选择Table 3. Routing Protocol Selection
例如，可以看出，在节点数量较小时可以选择AODV路由协议，这样可以在时延较小的情况下节省一定的开销。在节点数量相似的情况下，相比于DSDV路由协议，DSR路由 协议更加适用于节点速度较小并且节点暂停时间较短的网络环境，因为DSR路由协议相比于DSDV路由协议具有较大的时延。For example, it can be seen that when the number of nodes is small, the AODV routing protocol can be selected, which can save a certain amount of overhead when the time delay is small. In the case of a similar number of nodes, compared with the DSDV routing protocol, the DSR routing protocol is more suitable for the network environment with lower node speed and shorter node pause time, because the DSR routing protocol has a larger time delay.
应该理解的是，表3中给出的路由协议的选择仅仅提供了示例，并不旨在进行限制。具有记账权的节点还可以根据自组织网络的节点布置和模拟的和/或实际的网络性能测试等对路由协议的选择进行进一步的适应性改变和优化。It should be understood that the selection of routing protocols given in Table 3 are provided as examples only and are not intended to be limiting. Nodes with accounting rights can further adapt and optimize the selection of routing protocols according to the node layout of the self-organizing network and simulated and/or actual network performance tests.
路由协议有效时间Valid time of routing protocol
考虑到基于自组织网络的区块链系统中的节点可能具有一定的移动性，因此可能改变自组织网络的拓扑结构，从而影响到网络的路由性能表现。根据本公开的实施例，提出一种新参数——路由协议有效时间。该路由协议有效时间可以用于描述当前选择的网络路由协议的持续时间。即，在路由协议有效时间内，路由协议保持不变，并且在路由协议有效时间到期时，将根据实际的网络环境重新选取路由协议。具体地，作为示例，本公开给出了路由协议有效时间的示例计算方法，参见以下计算公式：Considering that the nodes in the blockchain system based on the self-organizing network may have certain mobility, it may change the topology of the self-organizing network, thereby affecting the routing performance of the network. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, a new parameter—routing protocol valid time is proposed. The routing protocol valid time can be used to describe the duration of the currently selected network routing protocol. That is, the routing protocol remains unchanged during the valid time of the routing protocol, and when the valid time of the routing protocol expires, the routing protocol will be reselected according to the actual network environment. Specifically, as an example, the present disclosure provides an example calculation method of the effective time of the routing protocol, refer to the following calculation formula:
T＝α*L m/mαx(v 1,v 2,…,v N) T=α*L m /mαx(v 1 ,v 2 ,…,v N )
在上式中，T为当前路由协议有效时间，α为调整因子(正数)，L m为无线自组织网络的二维区域的最长边的长度，v i为节点i的移动速度。 In the above formula, T is the effective time of the current routing protocol, α is the adjustment factor (positive number), L m is the length of the longest side of the two-dimensional area of the wireless ad hoc network, v i is the moving speed of node i.
根据本公开的实施例，当区块链系统中的一个或多个节点的移动速度非常大时，将导致网络拓扑结构变化得非常快，进而导致网络性能表现急剧恶化，因此当前路由协议的有效时间应当短一些，以尽快重新选取路由协议来适应新的网络环境。According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, when one or more nodes in the blockchain system move at a very high speed, the network topology will change very quickly, which will lead to a sharp deterioration in network performance. Therefore, the current routing protocol is effective The time should be shorter, so as to re-select the routing protocol as soon as possible to adapt to the new network environment.
应该理解的是，具有记账权的节点在确定路由协议有效时间之后，可以将该参数发送给区块链系统中的各个节点，在该路由协议有效时间到期时，由当前的具有记账权的节点重新基于各个节点的基本信息(例如，节点的位置、移动速度和节点暂停时间等)来重新选择路由协议，并且将重新确定的路由协议发送给区块链系统中的各个节点。应该理解的是，各个节点的同步定时可以通过设置时间戳以及本领域技术人员熟知的技术来实现。It should be understood that after the node with the bookkeeping right determines the effective time of the routing protocol, it can send this parameter to each node in the blockchain system. When the valid time of the routing protocol expires, the current node with the bookkeeping right The right node reselects the routing protocol based on the basic information of each node (for example, the node's position, moving speed, and node pause time, etc.), and sends the re-determined routing protocol to each node in the blockchain system. It should be understood that the synchronization timing of each node can be implemented by setting time stamps and techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
信息交互Information exchange
图8示出了根据本公开实施例的用于基于自组织网络的区块链系统中的节点的通信交互图。Fig. 8 shows a communication interaction diagram for nodes in an ad hoc network-based blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
如图8所示，假设基于自组织网络的区块链系统中包括多个节点，编号为节点a、节点b、…、节点i、…、节点N。假设节点N为具有记账权的节点。例如，节点N可以是成功打包上一区块并得到其他节点验证的节点。节点N也可以是产生创世块之前的位于自组织网络的几何中心的节点。As shown in FIG. 8 , it is assumed that the blockchain system based on the self-organizing network includes multiple nodes, numbered as node a, node b, ..., node i, ..., node N. Assume that node N is a node with bookkeeping rights. For example, node N can be a node that successfully packaged the previous block and was verified by other nodes. Node N can also be a node located at the geometric center of the self-organizing network before the genesis block is generated.
在801处，区块链系统中的所有节点检测自身的基本信息。基本信息可以包括交易信息，其中节点的交易信息可以包括该节点发起的交易数量和该节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用。基本信息还可以包括节点的灵敏度。此外，基本信息还可以包括节点的位置、移动速度和暂停时间等信息。如前所述，基本信息还可以包括本领域技术人员能够想到的其他信息，诸如QoS、QoE等。在802处，具有记账权的节点N可以获取每个节点的基本信息。具体地，区块链系统中的不具有记账权的节点(诸如，节点a、节点b、节点i等)可以向节点N发送基本信息，以供节点N使用。At 801, all nodes in the blockchain system detect their own basic information. The basic information may include transaction information, where the node's transaction information may include the number of transactions initiated by the node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating the transaction. Basic information can also include the sensitivity of the nodes. In addition, the basic information can also include information such as the node's location, moving speed, and pause time. As mentioned above, the basic information may also include other information conceivable by those skilled in the art, such as QoS, QoE and so on. At 802, the node N with the accounting right can obtain the basic information of each node. Specifically, nodes in the blockchain system that do not have accounting rights (such as node a, node b, node i, etc.) can send basic information to node N for use by node N.
在803处，具有记账权的节点N可以根据所获取的各个节点的基本信息中所包括的交易信息，对节点进行排序。作为示例，节点N可以对每一个节点的交易信息中所包括的该节点发起的交易数量和该节点发起交易时愿意付出的总费用进行加权求和，并且根据加权求和的结果对每一个节点进行排序。通常来说，节点发起的交易数量越多和/或节点愿意付出的交易费用越多，该节点的交易迫切程度越高，因此排序可以更靠前。在804处，具有记账权的节点N根据上述排序和节点的基本信息，确定对每个节点的功率调整。功率调整可以包括第一类型功率调整和第二类型功率调整，其中对于一个节点来说，第一类型功率调整用于调整该节点的发送功率以使得该节点向区块链系统中的其他节点发送由该节点发起的交易和/或转发由区块链系统中的其他节点发起的交易，第二类型功率调整用于调整该节点的发送功率以使得该节点发送或转发区块链系统中的打包的区块。At 803, the node N having the accounting right can sort the nodes according to the transaction information included in the obtained basic information of each node. As an example, node N can carry out a weighted summation of the number of transactions initiated by the node included in the transaction information of each node and the total fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating a transaction, and according to the result of the weighted summation, each node put in order. Generally speaking, the more transactions initiated by a node and/or the more transaction fees the node is willing to pay, the higher the urgency of the transaction of the node, so the ranking can be higher. At 804, the node N with the accounting right determines the power adjustment for each node according to the above ranking and the basic information of the nodes. The power adjustment may include the first type power adjustment and the second type power adjustment, wherein for a node, the first type power adjustment is used to adjust the sending power of the node so that the node sends to other nodes in the blockchain system Transactions initiated by the node and/or forwarded transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system, the second type of power adjustment is used to adjust the sending power of the node so that the node sends or forwards the packet in the blockchain system block.
在805处，具有记账权的节点N可以根据所获取的各个节点的基本信息中所包括的节点的位置、节点的移动速度、节点的暂停时间等信息，选择适应于网络环境的路由协议。作为示例，这些路由协议可以包括目的节点序列距离矢量(DSDV)、优化链路状态路由(OLSR)、无线自组织(ad hoc)网络按需平面距离向量路由协议(AODV)、动态源路由(DSR)以及临时按序路由算法(TORA)等。具有记账权的节点N可以根据节点的基本信息，结合考虑路由协议的特性，选取最优或较优的路由协议。由于区块链系统中的节点可以具有移动性，因此在一个或多个节点移动速度较快或者网络区域较小时， 可能导致较大的网络拓扑改变。因此，在806处，节点N可以根据自组织网络的网络区域的大小和节点的移动速度来确定路由协议有效时间。例如，当前路由协议有效时间可以通过用网络几何区域的最大边长除以最大节点速度而计算得到。当路由协议有效时间到期时，节点N可以重复805的步骤，即根据节点的位置、移动速度、暂停时间等基本信息来重新确定路由协议。相应地，路由协议有效时间也可以被重新确定。At 805, the node N with the accounting right can select a routing protocol suitable for the network environment according to information such as the position of the node, the moving speed of the node, and the pause time of the node included in the acquired basic information of each node. As examples, these routing protocols may include destination sequence distance vector (DSDV), optimized link state routing (OLSR), wireless ad hoc network on-demand planar distance vector routing protocol (AODV), dynamic source routing (DSR ) and Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) etc. The node N with the right to bookkeeping can select the optimal or better routing protocol based on the basic information of the node and considering the characteristics of the routing protocol. Since the nodes in the blockchain system can have mobility, when one or more nodes move faster or the network area is smaller, it may cause a large network topology change. Therefore, at 806, the node N may determine the valid time of the routing protocol according to the size of the network area of the ad hoc network and the moving speed of the node. For example, the current routing protocol live time can be calculated by dividing the maximum edge length of the geometric area of the network by the maximum node speed. When the valid time of the routing protocol expires, the node N can repeat the step 805, that is, re-determine the routing protocol according to basic information such as the node's location, moving speed, and pause time. Correspondingly, the valid time of the routing protocol can also be re-determined.
在807处，具有记账权的节点N可以向区块链系统中的各个节点发送针对相应节点的功率调整信息(包括第一类型功率调整信息和第二类型功率调整信息)。此外，节点N也可以向各个节点发送包括所确定的路由协议和路由协议有效时间等信息。At 807, the node N with the accounting right may send power adjustment information (including the first type power adjustment information and the second type power adjustment information) for the corresponding node to each node in the blockchain system. In addition, the node N may also send information including the determined routing protocol and the valid time of the routing protocol to each node.
应该注意的是，图8中的流程交互图仅仅提供了示例，并不旨在进行限制。图中可以包括更多或更少的步骤，并且也可以按照与图中描绘的步骤顺序不同的顺序来执行步骤。作为示例，在807中的功率调整信息可以与所确定的路由协议信息一起由具有记账权的节点N发送给其他节点。替代地，这些信息也可以单独发送。此外，具有记账权的节点N可以在804之后就将功率调整信息发送给其他节点，并且第一类型功率调整信息和第二类型功率调整信息也可以单独在不同时间发送给区块链系统中的节点。It should be noted that the process interaction diagram in FIG. 8 provides examples only and is not intended to be limiting. The figures may include more or fewer steps, and the steps may also be performed in an order different from that depicted in the figures. As an example, the power adjustment information in 807 may be sent by the node N having the accounting right to other nodes together with the determined routing protocol information. Alternatively, these pieces of information can also be sent separately. In addition, the node N with the accounting right can send the power adjustment information to other nodes after 804, and the first type power adjustment information and the second type power adjustment information can also be sent separately to the blockchain system at different times of nodes.
应该理解的是，当新的区块被打包并得到验证后，新的具有记账权的节点产生，例如新的具有结账权的节点可以为节点i。此后，节点i可以执行类似于节点N先前执行的步骤，并且再次针对区块链系统中的节点确定功率调整、路由协议和路由协议有效时间等。It should be understood that when a new block is packaged and verified, a new node with bookkeeping right is generated, for example, the new node with bookkeeping right can be node i. Thereafter, node i can perform steps similar to those performed by node N previously, and again determine power adjustments, routing protocols, routing protocol validity times, etc. for nodes in the blockchain system.
还应该理解的是，在创世块产生之间，即自组织网络还没有完全建立好的情况下。802中的操作可以通过泛洪来实现，即各个节点仅将基本信息传输给相邻节点或者自身存储的部分路由信息中所涉及的其他节点。接收到该节点的基本信息的节点进而将该基本信息传输给其他节点，直到所有节点的基本信息都传输至具有记账权的节点。在无线自组织网络已经建立好，并且路由协议已经确定好之后，各个步骤的执行和传输(包括基本信息的传输、功率调整信息的传输、路由协议信息的传输等)可以通过所确定的路由协议来实现。It should also be understood that between the generation of the genesis block, that is, the self-organizing network has not been fully established. The operation in 802 may be implemented by flooding, that is, each node only transmits basic information to neighboring nodes or other nodes involved in part of the routing information stored by itself. The node that receives the basic information of the node then transmits the basic information to other nodes until the basic information of all nodes is transmitted to the node with the accounting right. After the wireless ad hoc network has been established and the routing protocol has been determined, the execution and transmission of each step (including the transmission of basic information, transmission of power adjustment information, transmission of routing protocol information, etc.) to fulfill.
本公开提出将区块链系统与分布式无线自组织网络相结合，使得区块链能够应用于更加复杂多样和广泛的通信场景(诸如，战场上的协同通信、地震或水灾等自然灾害后的营救、野外科学考察和临时会议等)中，而不仅仅局限于传统的依赖于互联网的中心 化网络基础设施环境。利用无线自组织网络的分布式传输方式对区块链中的信息进行传输，能够很好地符合和适应区块链本身的分布式特性，使得区块链真正实现分布式存储和分布式传输。This disclosure proposes to combine the blockchain system with a distributed wireless self-organizing network, so that the blockchain can be applied to more complex, diverse and extensive communication scenarios (such as collaborative communication on the battlefield, disasters after natural disasters such as earthquakes or floods) Rescue, field scientific expeditions and temporary meetings, etc.), not just limited to the traditional centralized network infrastructure environment relying on the Internet. Using the distributed transmission mode of the wireless self-organizing network to transmit the information in the blockchain can well conform to and adapt to the distributed characteristics of the blockchain itself, making the blockchain truly realize distributed storage and distributed transmission.
针对基于无线自组织网络的区块链系统，本公开提出了对于各个节点进行功率调整的方法，其中包括对于交易的发送和/或转发的第一类型功率调整以及对于打包的区块的发送和/或转发的第二类型功率调整。综合考虑节点的交易需求，让交易需求更迫切的节点能够获得更大的发送功率，使得交易和区块能够在更短的时间传播至全网，提高了总体的交易速率。同时，交易需求不迫切的节点可以保持发送功率不变甚至降低功率，能够在一定程度上减少区块链系统中的能量浪费。本公开还提出了根据节点的位置、移动速度和暂停时间等信息来选择适当的路由协议，从而进一步优化区块链系统中的数据传输，并且降低信息传输的时延和丢包率。同时，本公开设置了路由协议有效时间，避免因节点速度过快导致网络拓扑变化过大而导致的网络性能下降。通过在路由协议有效时间到期后重新根据网络环境调整路由协议，能够提高网络的性能和鲁棒性。此外，根据自组织网络中的节点的基本信息的变化来动态调整功率和路由协议，使得本公开所提出的传输机制具有较大的灵活性和多样性。For a blockchain system based on a wireless ad hoc network, this disclosure proposes a method for adjusting the power of each node, including the first type of power adjustment for sending and/or forwarding transactions and sending and / or a second type of power adjustment for forwarding. Considering the transaction needs of nodes comprehensively, nodes with more urgent transaction needs can obtain greater transmission power, so that transactions and blocks can be transmitted to the entire network in a shorter time, and the overall transaction rate is improved. At the same time, nodes with less urgent transaction needs can keep the sending power unchanged or even reduce the power, which can reduce energy waste in the blockchain system to a certain extent. This disclosure also proposes to select an appropriate routing protocol based on information such as node location, moving speed, and pause time, thereby further optimizing data transmission in the blockchain system, and reducing the delay and packet loss rate of information transmission. At the same time, the present disclosure sets the effective time of the routing protocol to avoid network performance degradation caused by excessive changes in network topology due to excessive node speed. By readjusting the routing protocol according to the network environment after the valid time of the routing protocol expires, the performance and robustness of the network can be improved. In addition, power and routing protocols are dynamically adjusted according to changes in the basic information of nodes in the ad hoc network, so that the transmission mechanism proposed in the present disclosure has greater flexibility and diversity.
示例性方法exemplary method
图9示出了根据本公开实施例的用于区块链系统中的第一节点的示例方法900的流程图。该方法可以由基于自组织网络的区块链中的第一节点(例如，具有记账权的节点)(或更具体地，电子设备400)执行。如图9所示，该方法900可以包括从区块链系统中的每一个节点获取基本信息，该基本信息至少包括该节点的交易信息，该交易信息包括该节点发起的交易数量和该节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用(方框S901)。在方框S902处，第一节点可以基于每一个节点的交易信息，对每一个节点进行排序。在方框S903处，对于区块链系统中的不同于第一节点的第二节点(例如，不具有记账权的节点)：响应于确定第二节点不被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的节点发起的交易，可以至少部分地基于第二节点的基本信息来生成针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息。另一方面，响应于确定第二节点被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的一个或多个节点发起的交易，可以至少部分地基于该一个或多个节点中的排序最靠前的节点的基本信息和第二节点的基本信息来生成针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息。此后，第一节点可以向第二节点 发送第一类型功率调整信息，用于调整第二节点的功率以使得第二节点向区块链系统中的其他节点发送由第二节点发起的交易和/或转发由区块链系统中的其他节点发起的交易。该方法的详细示例操作可以参考上文关于第一节点(或更具体地，电子设备400)的操作描述，此处不再重复。FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of an example method 900 for a first node in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The method may be executed by a first node (for example, a node with bookkeeping rights) in an ad hoc network-based blockchain (or more specifically, the electronic device 400 ). As shown in Figure 9, the method 900 may include obtaining basic information from each node in the blockchain system, the basic information at least includes the transaction information of the node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the node and the number of transactions initiated by the node. The fee that is willing to pay in the transaction (block S901). At block S902, the first node may rank each node based on the transaction information of each node. At block S903, for a second node in the blockchain system that is different from the first node (for example, a node that does not have accounting rights): in response to determining that the second node is not used to forward the order by the second node The transaction initiated by the previous node may generate the first type of power adjustment information for the second node based at least in part on the basic information of the second node. In another aspect, in response to determining that the second node is being used to forward a transaction initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, it may be based at least in part on the highest ranked node among the one or more nodes The basic information of the second node and the basic information of the second node are used to generate the first type of power adjustment information for the second node. Thereafter, the first node may send the first type of power adjustment information to the second node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or Or forward transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system. For detailed example operations of the method, reference may be made to the above operation description about the first node (or more specifically, the electronic device 400 ), which will not be repeated here.
图10示出了根据本公开实施例的用于区块链系统中的第二节点的示例方法1000的流程图。该方法可以由基于自组织网络的区块链中的第二节点(例如，不具有记账权的节点)(或更具体地，电子设备500)执行。如图10所示，该方法1000可以包括向区块链系统中的第一节点(例如，具有记账权的节点)发送基本信息，该基本信息至少包括第二节点的交易信息，该交易信息包括第二节点发起的交易数量和第二节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用，以使得第一节点基于获取的区块链系统中的每一个节点的交易信息，对每一个节点进行排序(方框S1001)。在方框S1002处，第二节点从第一节点接收第一类型功率调整信息，用于调整第二节点的功率以使得第二节点向区块链系统中的其他节点发送由第二节点发起的交易和/或转发由区块链系统中的其他节点发起的交易。其中，在第二节点不被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的节点发起的交易的情况下，针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息是至少部分地基于第二节点的基本信息而生成的。在第二节点被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的一个或多个节点发起的交易的情况下，针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息是至少部分地基于该一个或多个节点中的排序最靠前的节点的基本信息和第二节点的基本信息而生成的。该方法的详细示例操作可以参考上文关于第二节点(或更具体地，电子设备500)的操作描述，此处不再重复。FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of an example method 1000 for a second node in a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The method may be executed by a second node (for example, a node without bookkeeping right) (or more specifically, the electronic device 500 ) in the blockchain based on the ad hoc network. As shown in FIG. 10, the method 1000 may include sending basic information to a first node (for example, a node with bookkeeping rights) in the blockchain system, the basic information at least including transaction information of the second node, the transaction information Including the number of transactions initiated by the second node and the fee that the second node is willing to pay when initiating the transaction, so that the first node sorts each node based on the transaction information of each node in the acquired blockchain system (box S1001). At block S1002, the second node receives the first type of power adjustment information from the first node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends the information initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system. Transact and/or forward transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system. Wherein, in the case that the second node is not used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node, the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is based at least in part on the basic information of the second node Generated. Where the second node is used to forward transactions initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is based at least in part on the one or more nodes It is generated by the basic information of the top-ranked node and the basic information of the second node. For detailed example operations of the method, reference may be made to the above operation description about the second node (or more specifically, the electronic device 500 ), which will not be repeated here.
本公开的方案可以以如下的示例方式实施。The solutions of the present disclosure may be implemented in the following exemplary manners.
条款1、一种用于区块链系统中的第一节点的电子设备，所述区块链系统基于无线自组织(ad hoc)网络，所述电子设备包括处理电路，所述处理电路被配置为：Clause 1. An electronic device for use as a first node in a blockchain system based on a wireless ad hoc network, the electronic device comprising a processing circuit configured to for:
从所述区块链系统中的每一个节点获取基本信息，所述基本信息至少包括该节点的交易信息，所述交易信息包括该节点发起的交易数量和该节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用；Obtain basic information from each node in the blockchain system, the basic information at least includes transaction information of the node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating the transaction;
基于每一个节点的交易信息，对每一个节点进行排序；以及Sort each node based on the transaction information of each node; and
对于所述区块链系统中的不同于第一节点的第二节点：For the second node different from the first node in the blockchain system:
响应于确定第二节点不被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的节点发起的交易， 至少部分地基于第二节点的基本信息来生成针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息；generating first type power adjustment information for the second node based at least in part on the base information of the second node in response to determining that the second node is not being used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node;
响应于确定第二节点被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的一个或多个节点发起的交易，至少部分地基于该一个或多个节点中的排序最靠前的节点的基本信息和第二节点的基本信息来生成针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息；以及In response to determining that the second node is used to forward a transaction initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, based at least in part on the basic information of the highest ranked node among the one or more nodes and the the basic information of the second node to generate the first type of power adjustment information for the second node; and
向第二节点发送第一类型功率调整信息，用于调整第二节点的功率以使得第二节点向所述区块链系统中的其他节点发送由第二节点发起的交易和/或转发由所述区块链系统中的其他节点发起的交易。sending the first type of power adjustment information to the second node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or forwards transactions initiated by the second node transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system.
条款2、根据条款1所述的电子设备，其中基于每一个节点的交易信息对每一个节点进行排序包括：Clause 2. The electronic device of clause 1, wherein ranking each node based on its transaction information comprises:
对每一个节点的交易信息中所包括的该节点发起的交易数量和该节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用进行加权求和，并且根据加权求和的结果对每一个节点进行排序。Perform a weighted summation of the number of transactions initiated by the node included in the transaction information of each node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating the transaction, and sort each node according to the result of the weighted summation.
条款3、根据条款1所述的电子设备，其中所述基本信息还包括节点的位置和节点的接收灵敏度。Clause 3. The electronic device of clause 1, wherein the basic information further includes a location of the node and a reception sensitivity of the node.
条款4、根据条款1所述的电子设备，所述处理电路还被配置为：Clause 4. The electronic device of clause 1, the processing circuit further configured to:
响应于检测到由第二节点发起的交易被包括在由第三节点打包的区块中，向第三节点发送第二类型功率调整信息，其中第二类型功率调整信息用于调整第三节点的功率，以加快第三节点向其他节点转发所打包的区块，并且其中第三节点是与第二节点相同或不同的节点。In response to detecting that the transaction initiated by the second node is included in the block packaged by the third node, sending the second type of power adjustment information to the third node, wherein the second type of power adjustment information is used to adjust the third node's power to speed up the third node forwarding the packaged blocks to other nodes, and wherein the third node is the same or different from the second node.
条款5、根据条款1所述的电子设备，所述处理电路还被配置为：Clause 5. The electronic device of clause 1, the processing circuit further configured to:
从所述区块链系统的每一个节点获取的基本信息还包括该节点的位置、移动速度和节点暂停时间；The basic information obtained from each node of the blockchain system also includes the node's location, moving speed and node suspension time;
至少基于每一个节点的基本信息，确定路由协议；以及determining a routing protocol based at least on the basic information of each node; and
向每一个节点发送所确定的路由协议。The determined routing protocol is sent to each node.
条款6、根据条款5所述的电子设备，所述处理电路还被配置为：Clause 6. The electronic device of clause 5, the processing circuit further configured to:
基于每一个节点的速度和所述区块链系统的ad hoc网络的区域长度，计算路由协议有效时间；Based on the speed of each node and the area length of the ad hoc network of the blockchain system, the effective time of the routing protocol is calculated;
向每一个节点发送所确定的路由协议有效时间，sending the determined valid time of the routing protocol to each node,
其中在所述路由协议有效时间到期时，路由协议至少基于每一个节点的基本信息被 重新确定。Wherein when the valid time of the routing protocol expires, the routing protocol is re-determined based on at least the basic information of each node.
条款7、根据条款5或6所述的电子设备，其中路由协议包括以下中的一个：目的节点序列距离矢量(DSDV)、优化链路状态路由(OLSR)、ad hoc网络按需平面距离向量路由协议(AODV)、动态源路由(DSR)、临时按序路由算法(TORA)。Clause 7. The electronic device of clause 5 or 6, wherein the routing protocol comprises one of: destination sequence distance vector (DSDV), optimized link state routing (OLSR), ad hoc network on-demand plane distance vector routing Protocol (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA).
条款8、根据条款5或6所述的电子设备，其中：Clause 8. The electronic device of clause 5 or 6, wherein:
接收基本信息通过泛洪或所确定的路由协议；以及receive basic information via flooding or determined routing protocols; and
发送第一类型功率调整信息和发送所确定的路由协议基于所确定的路由协议。Sending the first type of power adjustment information and sending the determined routing protocol is based on the determined routing protocol.
条款9、根据条款1所述的电子设备，其中第一节点包括具有记账权的节点，第二节点包括不具有记账权的节点。Clause 9. The electronic device of clause 1, wherein the first node comprises a node with accounting rights and the second node comprises a node without accounting rights.
条款10、一种用于区块链系统中的第二节点的电子设备，所述区块链系统基于无线自组织(ad hoc)网络，所述电子设备包括处理电路，所述处理电路被配置为：Clause 10. An electronic device for a second node in a blockchain system based on a wireless ad hoc network, the electronic device comprising a processing circuit configured to for:
向所述区块链系统中的第一节点发送基本信息，所述基本信息至少包括第二节点的交易信息，所述交易信息包括第二节点发起的交易数量和第二节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用，以使得第一节点基于获取的区块链系统中的每一个节点的交易信息，对每一个节点进行排序；以及Send basic information to the first node in the blockchain system, the basic information includes at least the transaction information of the second node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the second node and the willingness to pay when the second node initiates the transaction , so that the first node sorts each node based on the acquired transaction information of each node in the blockchain system; and
从第一节点接收第一类型功率调整信息，用于调整第二节点的功率以使得第二节点向所述区块链系统中的其他节点发送由第二节点发起的交易和/或转发由所述区块链系统中的其他节点发起的交易，Receive the first type of power adjustment information from the first node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or forwards transactions initiated by the second node. transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system,
其中在第二节点不被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的节点发起的交易的情况下，针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息是至少部分地基于第二节点的基本信息而生成的；并且其中在第二节点被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的一个或多个节点发起的交易的情况下，针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息是至少部分地基于该一个或多个节点中的排序最靠前的节点的基本信息和第二节点的基本信息而生成的。Wherein the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is generated based at least in part on the basic information of the second node in the case that the second node is not used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node and wherein, where the second node is used to forward transactions initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is based at least in part on the one or the basic information of the top-ranked node among multiple nodes and the basic information of the second node.
条款11、根据条款10所述的电子设备，其中第二节点的基本信息还包括第二节点的位置和第二节点的接收灵敏度。Clause 11. The electronic device of clause 10, wherein the basic information of the second node further includes a location of the second node and a receiving sensitivity of the second node.
条款12、根据条款10所述的电子设备，所述处理电路还被配置为：Clause 12. The electronic device of clause 10, the processing circuit further configured to:
响应于被第一节点检测到第二节点打包了区块，从第一节点接收第二类型功率调整 信息，其中第二类型功率调整信息用于调整第二节点的功率，以加快第二节点向其他节点转发所打包的区块。In response to being detected by the first node that the second node packs the block, receiving second type power adjustment information from the first node, wherein the second type power adjustment information is used to adjust the power of the second node to speed up the second node to Other nodes forward the packaged blocks.
条款13、根据条款10所述的电子设备，所述处理电路还被配置为：Clause 13. The electronic device of clause 10, the processing circuit further configured to:
从第一节点接收所确定的路由协议，receiving the determined routing protocol from the first node,
其中第二节点向第一节点发送的基本信息还包括第二节点的位置、移动速度和节点暂停时间，以使得第一节点至少基于所述区块链系统中的每一个节点的基本信息，确定路由协议。The basic information sent by the second node to the first node also includes the second node's position, moving speed, and node pause time, so that the first node determines based on at least the basic information of each node in the blockchain system Routing Protocol.
条款14、根据条款13所述的电子设备，所述处理电路还被配置为：Clause 14. The electronic device of clause 13, the processing circuit further configured to:
从第一节点接收所确定的路由协议有效时间，receiving the determined routing protocol validity time from the first node,
其中路由协议有效时间是第一节点基于每一个节点的速度和所述区块链系统的ad hoc网络的区域长度而计算的，并且其中在所述路由协议有效时间到期时，路由协议至少基于每一个节点的基本信息被重新确定。Wherein the valid time of the routing protocol is calculated by the first node based on the speed of each node and the area length of the ad hoc network of the blockchain system, and wherein when the valid time of the routing protocol expires, the routing protocol is at least based on The basic information of each node is re-determined.
条款15、根据条款13或14所述的电子设备，其中：Clause 15. The electronic device of clause 13 or 14, wherein:
发送基本信息通过泛洪或所确定的路由协议；以及send basic information via flooding or determined routing protocols; and
接收第一类型功率调整信息和接收所确定的路由协议基于所确定的路由协议。Receiving the first type of power adjustment information and receiving the determined routing protocol is based on the determined routing protocol.
条款16、根据条款10所述的电子设备，其中第一节点包括具有记账权的节点，第二节点包括不具有记账权的节点。Clause 16. The electronic device of clause 10, wherein the first node comprises a node with accounting rights and the second node comprises a node without accounting rights.
条款17、一种用于区块链系统中的第一节点的方法，所述区块链系统基于无线自组织(ad hoc)网络，所述方法包括：Clause 17. A method for a first node in a blockchain system based on a wireless ad hoc network, the method comprising:
从所述区块链系统中的每一个节点获取基本信息，所述基本信息至少包括该节点的交易信息，所述交易信息包括该节点发起的交易数量和该节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用；Obtain basic information from each node in the blockchain system, the basic information at least includes transaction information of the node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating the transaction;
基于每一个节点的交易信息，对每一个节点进行排序；以及Sort each node based on the transaction information of each node; and
对于所述区块链系统中的不同于第一节点的第二节点：For the second node different from the first node in the blockchain system:
响应于确定第二节点不被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的节点发起的交易，至少部分地基于第二节点的基本信息来生成针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息；generating first type power adjustment information for the second node based at least in part on the base information of the second node in response to determining that the second node is not being used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node;
响应于确定第二节点被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的一个或多个节点发起的交易，至少部分地基于该一个或多个节点中的排序最靠前的节点的基本信息和第 二节点的基本信息来生成针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息；以及In response to determining that the second node is used to forward a transaction initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, based at least in part on the basic information of the highest ranked node among the one or more nodes and the the basic information of the second node to generate the first type of power adjustment information for the second node; and
向第二节点发送第一类型功率调整信息，用于调整第二节点的功率以使得第二节点向所述区块链系统中的其他节点发送由第二节点发起的交易和/或转发由所述区块链系统中的其他节点发起的交易。sending the first type of power adjustment information to the second node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or forwards transactions initiated by the second node transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system.
条款18、一种用于区块链系统中的第二节点的方法，所述区块链系统基于无线自组织(ad hoc)网络，所述方法包括：Clause 18. A method for a second node in a blockchain system based on a wireless ad hoc network, the method comprising:
向所述区块链系统中的第一节点发送基本信息，所述基本信息至少包括第二节点的交易信息，所述交易信息包括第二节点发起的交易数量和第二节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用，以使得第一节点基于获取的区块链系统中的每一个节点的交易信息，对每一个节点进行排序；以及Send basic information to the first node in the blockchain system, the basic information includes at least the transaction information of the second node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the second node and the willingness to pay when the second node initiates the transaction , so that the first node sorts each node based on the acquired transaction information of each node in the blockchain system; and
从第一节点接收第一类型功率调整信息，用于调整第二节点的功率以使得第二节点向所述区块链系统中的其他节点发送由第二节点发起的交易和/或转发由所述区块链系统中的其他节点发起的交易，Receive the first type of power adjustment information from the first node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or forwards transactions initiated by the second node. transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system,
其中在第二节点不被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的节点发起的交易的情况下，针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息是至少部分地基于第二节点的基本信息而生成的；并且其中在第二节点被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的一个或多个节点发起的交易的情况下，针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息是至少部分地基于该一个或多个节点中的排序最靠前的节点的基本信息和第二节点的基本信息而生成的。Wherein the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is generated based at least in part on the basic information of the second node in the case that the second node is not used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node and wherein, where the second node is used to forward transactions initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is based at least in part on the one or the basic information of the top-ranked node among multiple nodes and the basic information of the second node.
条款19、一种存储有一个或多个指令的计算机可读存储介质，所述一个或多个指令在由电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时使该电子设备执行根据条款17或18所述的方法。Clause 19. A computer-readable storage medium storing one or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the described method.
条款20、一种包括指令的计算机程序产品，所述指令在由计算机的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述计算机执行根据条款17或18所述的方法。Clause 20. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a computer, cause the computer to perform the method according to clause 17 or 18.
应该指出，上述的应用实例仅仅是示例性的。本公开的实施例在上述应用实例中还可以任何其它适当的方式执行，仍可实现本公开的实施例所获得的有利效果。而且，本公开的实施例同样可应用于其它类似的应用实例，仍可实现本公开的实施例所获得的有利效果。It should be noted that the above application examples are only illustrative. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented in any other appropriate manner in the above application examples, and the advantageous effects obtained by the embodiments of the present disclosure may still be achieved. Moreover, the embodiments of the present disclosure can also be applied to other similar application examples, and the advantageous effects obtained by the embodiments of the present disclosure can still be achieved.
应该理解的是，根据本公开实施例的机器可读存储介质或程序产品中的机器可执行 指令可以被配置为执行与上述设备和方法实施例相应的操作。当参考上述设备和方法实施例时，机器可读存储介质或程序产品的实施例对于本领域技术人员而言是明晰的，因此不再重复描述。用于承载或包括上述机器可执行指令的机器可读存储介质和程序产品也落在本公开的范围内。这样的存储介质可以包括但不限于软盘、光盘、磁光盘、存储卡、存储棒等等。It should be understood that the machine-readable storage medium or the machine-executable instructions in the program product according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may be configured to perform operations corresponding to the above-mentioned device and method embodiments. When referring to the above-mentioned apparatus and method embodiments, the embodiments of the machine-readable storage medium or the program product will be obvious to those skilled in the art, so the description will not be repeated. Machine-readable storage media and program products for carrying or including the above-mentioned machine-executable instructions also fall within the scope of the present disclosure. Such storage media may include, but are not limited to, floppy disks, optical disks, magneto-optical disks, memory cards, memory sticks, and the like.
另外，应该理解的是，上述系列处理和设备也可以通过软件和/或固件实现。在通过软件和/或固件实现的情况下，从存储介质或网络向具有专用硬件结构的计算机，例如图11所示的通用个人计算机1100安装构成该软件的程序，该计算机在安装有各种程序时，能够执行各种功能等等。图11是示出作为本公开的实施例中可采用的信息处理设备的个人计算机的示例结构的框图。在一个例子中，该个人计算机可以对应于根据本公开的上述示例性终端设备。In addition, it should be understood that the above series of processes and devices may also be implemented by software and/or firmware. In the case of realization by software and/or firmware, a program constituting the software is installed from a storage medium or a network to a computer having a dedicated hardware configuration, such as a general-purpose personal computer 1100 shown in FIG. , can perform various functions and so on. FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing an example structure of a personal computer as an information processing device employable in an embodiment of the present disclosure. In one example, the personal computer may correspond to the above-mentioned exemplary terminal device according to the present disclosure.
在图11中，中央处理单元(CPU)1101根据只读存储器(ROM)1102中存储的程序或从存储部分1108加载到随机存取存储器(RAM)1103的程序执行各种处理。在RAM 1103中，也根据需要存储当CPU 1101执行各种处理等时所需的数据。In FIG. 11 , a central processing unit (CPU) 1101 executes various processes according to programs stored in a read only memory (ROM) 1102 or loaded from a storage section 1108 to a random access memory (RAM) 1103 . In the RAM 1103, data required when the CPU 1101 executes various processing and the like is also stored as necessary.
CPU 1101、ROM 1102和RAM 1103经由总线1104彼此连接。输入/输出接口1105也连接到总线1104。The CPU 1101, ROM 1102, and RAM 1103 are connected to each other via a bus 1104. An input/output interface 1105 is also connected to the bus 1104 .
下述部件连接到输入/输出接口1105：输入部分1106，包括键盘、鼠标等；输出部分1107，包括显示器，比如阴极射线管(CRT)、液晶显示器(LCD)等，和扬声器等；存储部分1108，包括硬盘等；和通信部分1109，包括网络接口卡比如LAN卡、调制解调器等。通信部分1109经由网络比如因特网执行通信处理。The following components are connected to the input/output interface 1105: an input section 1106 including a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output section 1107 including a display such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and a speaker, etc.; a storage section 1108 , including a hard disk, etc.; and the communication part 1109, including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, and the like. The communication section 1109 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet.
根据需要，驱动器1110也连接到输入/输出接口1105。可拆卸介质1111比如磁盘、光盘、磁光盘、半导体存储器等等根据需要被安装在驱动器1110上，使得从中读出的计算机程序根据需要被安装到存储部分1108中。A driver 1110 is also connected to the input/output interface 1105 as needed. A removable medium 1111 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like is mounted on the drive 1110 as necessary, so that a computer program read therefrom is installed into the storage section 1108 as necessary.
在通过软件实现上述系列处理的情况下，从网络比如因特网或存储介质比如可拆卸介质1111安装构成软件的程序。In the case of realizing the above-described series of processes by software, the programs constituting the software are installed from a network such as the Internet or a storage medium such as the removable medium 1111 .
本领域技术人员应当理解，这种存储介质不局限于图11所示的其中存储有程序、与设备相分离地分发以向用户提供程序的可拆卸介质1111。可拆卸介质1111的例子包含磁 盘(包含软盘(注册商标))、光盘(包含光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)和数字通用盘(DVD))、磁光盘(包含迷你盘(MD)(注册商标))和半导体存储器。或者，存储介质可以是ROM 1102、存储部分1108中包含的硬盘等等，其中存有程序，并且与包含它们的设备一起被分发给用户。Those skilled in the art should understand that such a storage medium is not limited to the removable medium 1111 shown in FIG. 11 in which the program is stored and distributed separately from the device to provide the program to the user. Examples of the removable media 1111 include magnetic disks (including floppy disks (registered trademark)), optical disks (including compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM) and digital versatile disks (DVD)), magneto-optical disks (including )) and semiconductor memory. Alternatively, the storage medium may be a ROM 1102, a hard disk contained in the storage section 1108, or the like, in which programs are stored and distributed to users together with devices containing them.
本公开的技术能够应用于各种产品。The technology of the present disclosure can be applied to various products.
例如，根据本公开的实施例的电子设备400和500可以被实现为各种电子设备/终端设备或者被包含在各种电子设备/终端设备中，而如图9和/或图10所示的方法也可由各种电子设备/终端设备。For example, the electronic devices 400 and 500 according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may be realized as various electronic devices/terminal devices or included in various electronic devices/terminal devices, while the The method can also be performed by various electronic devices/terminal devices.
例如，本公开中提到的终端设备在一些示例中也称为用户设备，可以被实现为移动终端(诸如智能电话、平板个人计算机(PC)、笔记本式PC、便携式游戏终端、便携式/加密狗型移动路由器和数字摄像装置)或者车载终端(诸如汽车导航设备)。用户设备还可以被实现为执行机器对机器(M2M)通信的终端(也称为机器类型通信(MTC)终端)。此外，用户设备可以为安装在上述终端中的每个终端上的无线通信模块(诸如包括单个晶片的集成电路模块)。在一些情况下，用户设备可以使用多种无线通信技术进行通信。例如，用户设备可以被配置为使用GSM、UMTS、CDMA2000、WiMAX、LTE、LTE-A、WLAN、NR、蓝牙等中的两者或更多者进行通信。在一些情况下，用户设备也可以被配置为仅使用一种无线通信技术进行通信。For example, the terminal equipment mentioned in this disclosure is also referred to as user equipment in some examples, and can be implemented as a mobile terminal (such as a smart phone, a tablet personal computer (PC), a notebook PC, a portable game terminal, a portable/dongle type mobile routers and digital cameras) or vehicle-mounted terminals (such as car navigation equipment). The user equipment may also be implemented as a terminal performing machine-to-machine (M2M) communication (also referred to as a machine type communication (MTC) terminal). In addition, the user equipment may be a wireless communication module (such as an integrated circuit module including a single chip) mounted on each of the above-mentioned terminals. In some cases, user equipment may communicate using multiple wireless communication technologies. For example, user equipment may be configured to communicate using two or more of GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, LTE, LTE-A, WLAN, NR, Bluetooth, and the like. In some cases, user equipment may also be configured to communicate using only one wireless communication technology.
以下将参照图12至图13描述根据本公开的示例。Examples according to the present disclosure will be described below with reference to FIGS. 12 to 13 .
关于用户设备的示例Examples on User Devices
第一示例first example
图12是示出可以应用本公开内容的技术的智能电话1200的示意性配置的示例的框图。智能电话1200包括处理器1201、存储器1202、存储装置1203、外部连接接口1204、摄像装置1206、传感器1207、麦克风1208、输入装置1209、显示装置1210、扬声器1211、无线通信接口1212、一个或多个天线开关1215、一个或多个天线1216、总线1217、电池1218以及辅助控制器1219。在一种实现方式中，此处的智能电话1200(或处理器1201)可以对应于上述区块链系统中的第一节点(或更具体地，电子设备400)或第二节点(或更具体地，电子设备500)。FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a smartphone 1200 to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied. The smart phone 1200 includes a processor 1201, a memory 1202, a storage device 1203, an external connection interface 1204, a camera 1206, a sensor 1207, a microphone 1208, an input device 1209, a display device 1210, a speaker 1211, a wireless communication interface 1212, one or more Antenna switch 1215 , one or more antennas 1216 , bus 1217 , battery 1218 , and auxiliary controller 1219 . In one implementation, the smartphone 1200 (or processor 1201) here may correspond to the first node (or more specifically, the electronic device 400) or the second node (or more specifically, ground, electronic device 500).
处理器1201可以为例如CPU或片上系统(SoC)，并且控制智能电话1200的应用层和另外层的功能。存储器1202包括RAM和ROM，并且存储数据和由处理器1201执行的程序。存储装置1203可以包括存储介质，诸如半导体存储器和硬盘。外部连接接口1204为用于将外部装置(诸如存储卡和通用串行总线(USB)装置)连接至智能电话1200的接口。The processor 1201 may be, for example, a CPU or a system on chip (SoC), and controls functions of an application layer and another layer of the smartphone 1200 . The memory 1202 includes RAM and ROM, and stores data and programs executed by the processor 1201 . The storage device 1203 may include a storage medium such as a semiconductor memory and a hard disk. The external connection interface 1204 is an interface for connecting an external device, such as a memory card and a universal serial bus (USB) device, to the smartphone 1200 .
摄像装置1206包括图像传感器(诸如电荷耦合器件(CCD)和互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS))，并且生成捕获图像。传感器1207可以包括一组传感器，诸如测量传感器、陀螺仪传感器、地磁传感器和加速度传感器。麦克风1208将输入到智能电话1200的声音转换为音频信号。输入装置1209包括例如被配置为检测显示装置1210的屏幕上的触摸的触摸传感器、小键盘、键盘、按钮或开关，并且接收从用户输入的操作或信息。显示装置1210包括屏幕(诸如液晶显示器(LCD)和有机发光二极管(OLED)显示器)，并且显示智能电话1200的输出图像。扬声器1211将从智能电话1200输出的音频信号转换为声音。The imaging device 1206 includes an image sensor such as a charge coupled device (CCD) and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), and generates a captured image. Sensors 1207 may include a set of sensors such as measurement sensors, gyro sensors, geomagnetic sensors, and acceleration sensors. The microphone 1208 converts sound input to the smartphone 1200 into an audio signal. The input device 1209 includes, for example, a touch sensor configured to detect a touch on the screen of the display device 1210, a keypad, a keyboard, buttons, or switches, and receives operations or information input from the user. The display device 1210 includes a screen such as a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display, and displays an output image of the smartphone 1200 . The speaker 1211 converts an audio signal output from the smartphone 1200 into sound.
无线通信接口1212支持任何蜂窝通信方案(诸如LTE和LTE-先进)，并且执行无线通信。无线通信接口1212通常可以包括例如BB处理器1213和RF电路1214。BB处理器1213可以执行例如编码/解码、调制/解调以及复用/解复用，并且执行用于无线通信的各种类型的信号处理。同时，RF电路1214可以包括例如混频器、滤波器和放大器，并且经由天线1216来传送和接收无线信号。无线通信接口1212可以为其上集成有BB处理器1213和RF电路1214的一个芯片模块。如图12所示，无线通信接口1212可以包括多个BB处理器1213和多个RF电路1214。虽然图12示出其中无线通信接口1212包括多个BB处理器1213和多个RF电路1214的示例，但是无线通信接口1212也可以包括单个BB处理器1213或单个RF电路1214。The wireless communication interface 1212 supports any cellular communication scheme such as LTE and LTE-Advanced, and performs wireless communication. The wireless communication interface 1212 may generally include, for example, a BB processor 1213 and an RF circuit 1214 . The BB processor 1213 may perform, for example, encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and multiplexing/demultiplexing, and perform various types of signal processing for wireless communication. Meanwhile, the RF circuit 1214 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmit and receive wireless signals via the antenna 1216 . The wireless communication interface 1212 may be a chip module on which a BB processor 1213 and an RF circuit 1214 are integrated. As shown in FIG. 12 , the wireless communication interface 1212 may include multiple BB processors 1213 and multiple RF circuits 1214 . Although FIG. 12 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 1212 includes a plurality of BB processors 1213 and a plurality of RF circuits 1214 , the wireless communication interface 1212 may include a single BB processor 1213 or a single RF circuit 1214 .
此外，除了蜂窝通信方案之外，无线通信接口1212可以支持另外类型的无线通信方案，诸如短距离无线通信方案、近场通信方案和无线局域网(LAN)方案。在此情况下，无线通信接口1212可以包括针对每种无线通信方案的BB处理器1213和RF电路1214。Also, the wireless communication interface 1212 may support another type of wireless communication scheme, such as a short-range wireless communication scheme, a near field communication scheme, and a wireless local area network (LAN) scheme, in addition to a cellular communication scheme. In this case, the wireless communication interface 1212 may include a BB processor 1213 and an RF circuit 1214 for each wireless communication scheme.
天线开关1215中的每一个在包括在无线通信接口1212中的多个电路(例如用于不同的无线通信方案的电路)之间切换天线1216的连接目的地。Each of the antenna switches 1215 switches the connection destination of the antenna 1216 among a plurality of circuits included in the wireless communication interface 1212 (eg, circuits for different wireless communication schemes).
天线1216中的每一个均包括单个或多个天线元件(诸如包括在MIMO天线中的多 个天线元件)，并且用于无线通信接口1212传送和接收无线信号。如图12所示，智能电话1200可以包括多个天线1216。虽然图12示出其中智能电话1200包括多个天线1216的示例，但是智能电话1200也可以包括单个天线1216。Each of the antennas 1216 includes a single or multiple antenna elements, such as multiple antenna elements included in a MIMO antenna, and is used for the wireless communication interface 1212 to transmit and receive wireless signals. As shown in FIG. 12 , smartphone 1200 may include multiple antennas 1216 . While FIG. 12 shows an example in which the smartphone 1200 includes multiple antennas 1216 , the smartphone 1200 may include a single antenna 1216 as well.
此外，智能电话1200可以包括针对每种无线通信方案的天线1216。在此情况下，天线开关1215可以从智能电话1200的配置中省略。In addition, the smartphone 1200 may include an antenna 1216 for each wireless communication scheme. In this case, the antenna switch 1215 may be omitted from the configuration of the smartphone 1200 .
总线1217将处理器1201、存储器1202、存储装置1203、外部连接接口1204、摄像装置1206、传感器1207、麦克风1208、输入装置1209、显示装置1210、扬声器1211、无线通信接口1212以及辅助控制器1219彼此连接。电池1218经由馈线向图12所示的智能电话1200的各个块提供电力，馈线在图中被部分地示为虚线。辅助控制器1219例如在睡眠模式下操作智能电话1200的最小必需功能。The bus 1217 connects the processor 1201, memory 1202, storage device 1203, external connection interface 1204, camera device 1206, sensor 1207, microphone 1208, input device 1209, display device 1210, speaker 1211, wireless communication interface 1212, and auxiliary controller 1219 to each other. connect. The battery 1218 provides power to the various blocks of the smartphone 1200 shown in FIG. 12 via feed lines, which are partially shown as dashed lines in the figure. The auxiliary controller 1219 operates minimum necessary functions of the smartphone 1200, for example, in a sleep mode.
第二示例Second example
图13是示出可以应用本公开内容的技术的汽车导航设备1320的示意性配置的示例的框图。汽车导航设备1320包括处理器1321、存储器1322、全球定位系统(GPS)模块1324、传感器1325、数据接口1326、内容播放器1327、存储介质接口1328、输入装置1329、显示装置1330、扬声器1331、无线通信接口1333、一个或多个天线开关1336、一个或多个天线1337以及电池1338。在一种实现方式中，此处的汽车导航设备1320(或处理器1321)可以对应于上述区块链系统中的第一节点(或更具体地，电子设备400)或第二节点(或更具体地，电子设备500)。FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a car navigation device 1320 to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied. Car navigation device 1320 includes processor 1321, memory 1322, global positioning system (GPS) module 1324, sensor 1325, data interface 1326, content player 1327, storage medium interface 1328, input device 1329, display device 1330, speaker 1331, wireless communication interface 1333 , one or more antenna switches 1336 , one or more antennas 1337 , and battery 1338 . In one implementation, the car navigation device 1320 (or processor 1321) here may correspond to the first node (or more specifically, the electronic device 400) or the second node (or more Specifically, the electronic device 500).
处理器1321可以为例如CPU或SoC，并且控制汽车导航设备1320的导航功能和另外的功能。存储器1322包括RAM和ROM，并且存储数据和由处理器1321执行的程序。The processor 1321 may be, for example, a CPU or a SoC, and controls a navigation function and other functions of the car navigation device 1320 . The memory 1322 includes RAM and ROM, and stores data and programs executed by the processor 1321 .
GPS模块1324使用从GPS卫星接收的GPS信号来测量汽车导航设备1320的位置(诸如纬度、经度和高度)。传感器1325可以包括一组传感器，诸如陀螺仪传感器、地磁传感器和空气压力传感器。数据接口1326经由未示出的终端而连接到例如车载网络1341，并且获取由车辆生成的数据(诸如车速数据)。The GPS module 1324 measures the location (such as latitude, longitude, and altitude) of the car navigation device 1320 using GPS signals received from GPS satellites. Sensors 1325 may include a set of sensors such as gyroscopic sensors, geomagnetic sensors, and air pressure sensors. The data interface 1326 is connected to, for example, the in-vehicle network 1341 via a terminal not shown, and acquires data generated by the vehicle such as vehicle speed data.
内容播放器1327再现存储在存储介质(诸如CD和DVD)中的内容，该存储介质被插入到存储介质接口1328中。输入装置1329包括例如被配置为检测显示装置1330的屏幕上的触摸的触摸传感器、按钮或开关，并且接收从用户输入的操作或信息。显示装 置1330包括诸如LCD或OLED显示器的屏幕，并且显示导航功能的图像或再现的内容。扬声器1331输出导航功能的声音或再现的内容。The content player 1327 reproduces content stored in a storage medium, such as CD and DVD, which is inserted into the storage medium interface 1328 . The input device 1329 includes, for example, a touch sensor, a button, or a switch configured to detect a touch on the screen of the display device 1330, and receives an operation or information input from a user. The display device 1330 includes a screen such as an LCD or OLED display, and displays an image of a navigation function or reproduced content. The speaker 1331 outputs sound of a navigation function or reproduced content.
无线通信接口1333支持任何蜂窝通信方案(诸如LTE和LTE-先进)，并且执行无线通信。无线通信接口1333通常可以包括例如BB处理器1334和RF电路1335。BB处理器1334可以执行例如编码/解码、调制/解调以及复用/解复用，并且执行用于无线通信的各种类型的信号处理。同时，RF电路1335可以包括例如混频器、滤波器和放大器，并且经由天线1337来传送和接收无线信号。无线通信接口1333还可以为其上集成有BB处理器1334和RF电路1335的一个芯片模块。如图13所示，无线通信接口1333可以包括多个BB处理器1334和多个RF电路1335。虽然图13示出其中无线通信接口1333包括多个BB处理器1334和多个RF电路1335的示例，但是无线通信接口1333也可以包括单个BB处理器1334或单个RF电路1335。The wireless communication interface 1333 supports any cellular communication scheme such as LTE and LTE-Advanced, and performs wireless communication. The wireless communication interface 1333 may generally include, for example, a BB processor 1334 and an RF circuit 1335 . The BB processor 1334 may perform, for example, encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and multiplexing/demultiplexing, and perform various types of signal processing for wireless communication. Meanwhile, the RF circuit 1335 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmit and receive wireless signals via the antenna 1337 . The wireless communication interface 1333 can also be a chip module on which the BB processor 1334 and the RF circuit 1335 are integrated. As shown in FIG. 13 , the wireless communication interface 1333 may include multiple BB processors 1334 and multiple RF circuits 1335 . Although FIG. 13 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 1333 includes a plurality of BB processors 1334 and a plurality of RF circuits 1335 , the wireless communication interface 1333 may also include a single BB processor 1334 or a single RF circuit 1335 .
此外，除了蜂窝通信方案之外，无线通信接口1333可以支持另外类型的无线通信方案，诸如短距离无线通信方案、近场通信方案和无线LAN方案。在此情况下，针对每种无线通信方案，无线通信接口1333可以包括BB处理器1334和RF电路1335。Also, the wireless communication interface 1333 may support another type of wireless communication scheme, such as a short-distance wireless communication scheme, a near field communication scheme, and a wireless LAN scheme, in addition to the cellular communication scheme. In this case, the wireless communication interface 1333 may include a BB processor 1334 and an RF circuit 1335 for each wireless communication scheme.
天线开关1336中的每一个在包括在无线通信接口1333中的多个电路(诸如用于不同的无线通信方案的电路)之间切换天线1337的连接目的地。Each of the antenna switches 1336 switches the connection destination of the antenna 1337 among a plurality of circuits included in the wireless communication interface 1333 , such as circuits for different wireless communication schemes.
天线1337中的每一个均包括单个或多个天线元件(诸如包括在MIMO天线中的多个天线元件)，并且用于无线通信接口1333传送和接收无线信号。如图13所示，汽车导航设备1320可以包括多个天线1337。虽然图13示出其中汽车导航设备1320包括多个天线1337的示例，但是汽车导航设备1320也可以包括单个天线1337。Each of the antennas 1337 includes a single or a plurality of antenna elements such as a plurality of antenna elements included in a MIMO antenna, and is used for the wireless communication interface 1333 to transmit and receive wireless signals. As shown in FIG. 13 , the car navigation device 1320 may include a plurality of antennas 1337 . Although FIG. 13 shows an example in which the car navigation device 1320 includes a plurality of antennas 1337 , the car navigation device 1320 may also include a single antenna 1337 .
此外，汽车导航设备1320可以包括针对每种无线通信方案的天线1337。在此情况下，天线开关1336可以从汽车导航设备1320的配置中省略。In addition, the car navigation device 1320 may include an antenna 1337 for each wireless communication scheme. In this case, the antenna switch 1336 can be omitted from the configuration of the car navigation device 1320 .
电池1338经由馈线向图13所示的汽车导航设备1320的各个块提供电力，馈线在图中被部分地示为虚线。电池1338累积从车辆提供的电力。The battery 1338 supplies power to the various blocks of the car navigation device 1320 shown in FIG. 13 via feeder lines, which are partially shown as dotted lines in the figure. The battery 1338 accumulates electric power supplied from the vehicle.
本公开内容的技术也可以被实现为包括汽车导航设备1320、车载网络1341以及车辆模块1342中的一个或多个块的车载系统(或车辆)1340。车辆模块1342生成车辆数据(诸如车速、发动机速度和故障信息)，并且将所生成的数据输出至车载网络1341。The technology of the present disclosure may also be implemented as an in-vehicle system (or vehicle) 1340 including one or more blocks in a car navigation device 1320 , an in-vehicle network 1341 , and a vehicle module 1342 . The vehicle module 1342 generates vehicle data such as vehicle speed, engine speed, and breakdown information, and outputs the generated data to the in-vehicle network 1341 .
以上参照附图描述了本公开的示例性实施例，但是本公开当然不限于以上示例。本领域技术人员可在所附权利要求的范围内得到各种变更和修改，并且应理解这些变更和修改自然将落入本公开的技术范围内。The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present disclosure is of course not limited to the above examples. A person skilled in the art may find various alterations and modifications within the scope of the appended claims, and it should be understood that they will naturally come under the technical scope of the present disclosure.
例如，在以上实施例中包括在一个单元中的多个功能可以由分开的装置来实现。替选地，在以上实施例中由多个单元实现的多个功能可分别由分开的装置来实现。另外，以上功能之一可由多个单元来实现。无需说，这样的配置包括在本公开的技术范围内。For example, a plurality of functions included in one unit in the above embodiments may be realized by separate devices. Alternatively, a plurality of functions implemented by a plurality of units in the above embodiments may be respectively implemented by separate devices. In addition, one of the above functions may be realized by a plurality of units. Needless to say, such a configuration is included in the technical scope of the present disclosure.
在该说明书中，流程图中所描述的步骤不仅包括以所述顺序按时间序列执行的处理，而且包括并行地或单独地而不是必须按时间序列执行的处理。此外，甚至在按时间序列处理的步骤中，无需说，也可以适当地改变该顺序。In this specification, the steps described in the flowcharts include not only processing performed in time series in the stated order but also processing performed in parallel or individually and not necessarily in time series. Furthermore, even in the steps of time-series processing, needless to say, the order can be appropriately changed.
虽然已经详细说明了本公开及其优点，但是应当理解在不脱离由所附的权利要求所限定的本公开的精神和范围的情况下可以进行各种改变、替代和变换。而且，本公开实施例的术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。Although the present disclosure and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof in the embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also Including other elements not expressly listed, or also including elements inherent in such process, method, article or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising said element.

Claims (20)

  1. 一种用于区块链系统中的第一节点的电子设备，所述区块链系统基于无线自组织(ad hoc)网络，所述电子设备包括处理电路，所述处理电路被配置为：An electronic device for a first node in a blockchain system, the blockchain system is based on a wireless ad hoc network, the electronic device includes a processing circuit, the processing circuit is configured to:
    从所述区块链系统中的每一个节点获取基本信息，所述基本信息至少包括该节点的交易信息，所述交易信息包括该节点发起的交易数量和该节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用；Obtain basic information from each node in the blockchain system, the basic information at least includes transaction information of the node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating the transaction;
    基于每一个节点的交易信息，对每一个节点进行排序；以及Sort each node based on the transaction information of each node; and
    对于所述区块链系统中的不同于第一节点的第二节点：For the second node different from the first node in the blockchain system:
    响应于确定第二节点不被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的节点发起的交易，至少部分地基于第二节点的基本信息来生成针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息；generating first type power adjustment information for the second node based at least in part on the base information of the second node in response to determining that the second node is not being used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node;
    响应于确定第二节点被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的一个或多个节点发起的交易，至少部分地基于该一个或多个节点中的排序最靠前的节点的基本信息和第二节点的基本信息来生成针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息；以及In response to determining that the second node is used to forward a transaction initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, based at least in part on the basic information of the highest ranked node among the one or more nodes and the the basic information of the second node to generate the first type of power adjustment information for the second node; and
    向第二节点发送第一类型功率调整信息，用于调整第二节点的功率以使得第二节点向所述区块链系统中的其他节点发送由第二节点发起的交易和/或转发由所述区块链系统中的其他节点发起的交易。sending the first type of power adjustment information to the second node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or forwards transactions initiated by the second node transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中基于每一个节点的交易信息对每一个节点进行排序包括：The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein sorting each node based on the transaction information of each node comprises:
    对每一个节点的交易信息中所包括的该节点发起的交易数量和该节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用进行加权求和，并且根据加权求和的结果对每一个节点进行排序。Perform a weighted summation of the number of transactions initiated by the node included in the transaction information of each node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating the transaction, and sort each node according to the result of the weighted summation.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中所述基本信息还包括节点的位置和节点的接收灵敏度。The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the basic information further includes the location of the node and the receiving sensitivity of the node.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，所述处理电路还被配置为：The electronic device according to claim 1, the processing circuit is further configured to:
    响应于检测到由第二节点发起的交易被包括在由第三节点打包的区块中，向第三节点发送第二类型功率调整信息，其中第二类型功率调整信息用于调整第三节点的功率，以加快第三节点向其他节点转发所打包的区块，并且其中第三节点是与第二节点相同或 不同的节点。In response to detecting that the transaction initiated by the second node is included in the block packaged by the third node, sending the second type of power adjustment information to the third node, wherein the second type of power adjustment information is used to adjust the third node's power to speed up the third node forwarding the packaged blocks to other nodes, and wherein the third node is the same or different from the second node.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，所述处理电路还被配置为：The electronic device according to claim 1, the processing circuit is further configured to:
    从所述区块链系统的每一个节点获取的基本信息还包括该节点的位置、移动速度和节点暂停时间；The basic information obtained from each node of the blockchain system also includes the node's location, moving speed and node suspension time;
    至少基于每一个节点的基本信息，确定路由协议；以及determining a routing protocol based at least on the basic information of each node; and
    向每一个节点发送所确定的路由协议。The determined routing protocol is sent to each node.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电子设备，所述处理电路还被配置为：The electronic device according to claim 5, the processing circuit is further configured to:
    基于每一个节点的速度和所述区块链系统的ad hoc网络的区域长度，计算路由协议有效时间；Based on the speed of each node and the area length of the ad hoc network of the blockchain system, the effective time of the routing protocol is calculated;
    向每一个节点发送所确定的路由协议有效时间，sending the determined valid time of the routing protocol to each node,
    其中在所述路由协议有效时间到期时，路由协议至少基于每一个节点的基本信息被重新确定。Wherein when the valid time of the routing protocol expires, the routing protocol is re-determined based on at least the basic information of each node.
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的电子设备，其中路由协议包括以下中的一个：目的节点序列距离矢量(DSDV)、优化链路状态路由(OLSR)、ad hoc网络按需平面距离向量路由协议(AODV)、动态源路由(DSR)、临时按序路由算法(TORA)。The electronic device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the routing protocol comprises one of the following: destination node sequence distance vector (DSDV), optimized link state routing (OLSR), ad hoc network on-demand plane distance vector routing protocol ( AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA).
  8. 根据权利要求5或6所述的电子设备，其中：The electronic device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein:
    接收基本信息通过泛洪或所确定的路由协议；以及receive basic information via flooding or determined routing protocols; and
    发送第一类型功率调整信息和发送所确定的路由协议基于所确定的路由协议。Sending the first type of power adjustment information and sending the determined routing protocol is based on the determined routing protocol.
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中第一节点包括具有记账权的节点，第二节点包括不具有记账权的节点。The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the first node comprises a node having accounting rights, and the second node comprises a node not having accounting rights.
  10. 一种用于区块链系统中的第二节点的电子设备，所述区块链系统基于无线自组织(ad hoc)网络，所述电子设备包括处理电路，所述处理电路被配置为：An electronic device for a second node in a block chain system, the block chain system is based on a wireless ad hoc network, the electronic device includes a processing circuit configured to:
    向所述区块链系统中的第一节点发送基本信息，所述基本信息至少包括第二节点的交易信息，所述交易信息包括第二节点发起的交易数量和第二节点发起交易时愿意付出 的费用，以使得第一节点基于获取的区块链系统中的每一个节点的交易信息，对每一个节点进行排序；以及Send basic information to the first node in the blockchain system, the basic information includes at least the transaction information of the second node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the second node and the willingness to pay when the second node initiates the transaction , so that the first node sorts each node based on the acquired transaction information of each node in the blockchain system; and
    从第一节点接收第一类型功率调整信息，用于调整第二节点的功率以使得第二节点向所述区块链系统中的其他节点发送由第二节点发起的交易和/或转发由所述区块链系统中的其他节点发起的交易，Receive the first type of power adjustment information from the first node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or forwards transactions initiated by the second node. transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system,
    其中在第二节点不被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的节点发起的交易的情况下，针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息是至少部分地基于第二节点的基本信息而生成的；并且其中在第二节点被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的一个或多个节点发起的交易的情况下，针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息是至少部分地基于该一个或多个节点中的排序最靠前的节点的基本信息和第二节点的基本信息而生成的。Wherein the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is generated based at least in part on the basic information of the second node in the case that the second node is not used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node and wherein, where the second node is used to forward transactions initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is based at least in part on the one or the basic information of the top-ranked node among multiple nodes and the basic information of the second node.
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电子设备，其中第二节点的基本信息还包括第二节点的位置和第二节点的接收灵敏度。The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the basic information of the second node further includes the location of the second node and the receiving sensitivity of the second node.
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的电子设备，所述处理电路还被配置为：The electronic device of claim 10, the processing circuit further configured to:
    响应于被第一节点检测到第二节点打包了区块，从第一节点接收第二类型功率调整信息，其中第二类型功率调整信息用于调整第二节点的功率，以加快第二节点向其他节点转发所打包的区块。In response to being detected by the first node that the second node packs the block, receiving second type power adjustment information from the first node, wherein the second type power adjustment information is used to adjust the power of the second node to speed up the second node to Other nodes forward the packaged blocks.
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的电子设备，所述处理电路还被配置为：The electronic device of claim 10, the processing circuit further configured to:
    从第一节点接收所确定的路由协议，receiving the determined routing protocol from the first node,
    其中第二节点向第一节点发送的基本信息还包括第二节点的位置、移动速度和节点暂停时间，以使得第一节点至少基于所述区块链系统中的每一个节点的基本信息，确定路由协议。The basic information sent by the second node to the first node also includes the second node's position, moving speed, and node pause time, so that the first node determines based on at least the basic information of each node in the blockchain system Routing Protocol.
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，所述处理电路还被配置为：The electronic device of claim 13, the processing circuit further configured to:
    从第一节点接收所确定的路由协议有效时间，receiving the determined routing protocol validity time from the first node,
    其中路由协议有效时间是第一节点基于每一个节点的速度和所述区块链系统的ad hoc网络的区域长度而计算的，并且其中在所述路由协议有效时间到期时，路由协议至少基于每一个节点的基本信息被重新确定。Wherein the valid time of the routing protocol is calculated by the first node based on the speed of each node and the area length of the ad hoc network of the blockchain system, and wherein when the valid time of the routing protocol expires, the routing protocol is at least based on The basic information of each node is re-determined.
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的电子设备，其中：An electronic device according to claim 13 or 14, wherein:
    发送基本信息通过泛洪或所确定的路由协议；以及send basic information via flooding or determined routing protocols; and
    接收第一类型功率调整信息和接收所确定的路由协议基于所确定的路由协议。Receiving the first type of power adjustment information and receiving the determined routing protocol is based on the determined routing protocol.
  16. 根据权利要求10所述的电子设备，其中第一节点包括具有记账权的节点，第二节点包括不具有记账权的节点。The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the first node comprises a node having accounting rights, and the second node comprises a node not having accounting rights.
  17. 一种用于区块链系统中的第一节点的方法，所述区块链系统基于无线自组织(ad hoc)网络，所述方法包括：A method for a first node in a blockchain system, the blockchain system is based on a wireless ad hoc network, the method comprising:
    从所述区块链系统中的每一个节点获取基本信息，所述基本信息至少包括该节点的交易信息，所述交易信息包括该节点发起的交易数量和该节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用；Obtain basic information from each node in the blockchain system, the basic information at least includes transaction information of the node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the node and the fee that the node is willing to pay when initiating the transaction;
    基于每一个节点的交易信息，对每一个节点进行排序；以及Sort each node based on the transaction information of each node; and
    对于所述区块链系统中的不同于第一节点的第二节点：For the second node different from the first node in the blockchain system:
    响应于确定第二节点不被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的节点发起的交易，至少部分地基于第二节点的基本信息来生成针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息；generating first type power adjustment information for the second node based at least in part on the base information of the second node in response to determining that the second node is not being used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node;
    响应于确定第二节点被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的一个或多个节点发起的交易，至少部分地基于该一个或多个节点中的排序最靠前的节点的基本信息和第二节点的基本信息来生成针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息；以及In response to determining that the second node is used to forward a transaction initiated by one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node, based at least in part on the basic information of the highest ranked node among the one or more nodes and the first the basic information of the second node to generate the first type of power adjustment information for the second node; and
    向第二节点发送第一类型功率调整信息，用于调整第二节点的功率以使得第二节点向所述区块链系统中的其他节点发送由第二节点发起的交易和/或转发由所述区块链系统中的其他节点发起的交易。sending the first type of power adjustment information to the second node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or forwards transactions initiated by the second node transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system.
  18. 一种用于区块链系统中的第二节点的方法，所述区块链系统基于无线自组织(ad hoc)网络，所述方法包括：A method for a second node in a blockchain system based on a wireless ad hoc network, the method comprising:
    向所述区块链系统中的第一节点发送基本信息，所述基本信息至少包括第二节点的交易信息，所述交易信息包括第二节点发起的交易数量和第二节点发起交易时愿意付出的费用，以使得第一节点基于获取的区块链系统中的每一个节点的交易信息，对每一个节点进行排序；以及Send basic information to the first node in the blockchain system, the basic information includes at least the transaction information of the second node, the transaction information includes the number of transactions initiated by the second node and the willingness to pay when the second node initiates the transaction , so that the first node sorts each node based on the acquired transaction information of each node in the blockchain system; and
    从第一节点接收第一类型功率调整信息，用于调整第二节点的功率以使得第二节点向所述区块链系统中的其他节点发送由第二节点发起的交易和/或转发由所述区块链系统中的其他节点发起的交易，Receive the first type of power adjustment information from the first node, which is used to adjust the power of the second node so that the second node sends transactions initiated by the second node to other nodes in the blockchain system and/or forwards transactions initiated by the second node. transactions initiated by other nodes in the blockchain system,
    其中在第二节点不被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的节点发起的交易的情况下，针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息是至少部分地基于第二节点的基本信息而生成的；并且其中在第二节点被用于转发由比第二节点排序靠前的一个或多个节点发起的交易的情况下，针对第二节点的第一类型功率调整信息是至少部分地基于该一个或多个节点中的排序最靠前的节点的基本信息和第二节点的基本信息而生成的。Wherein the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is generated based at least in part on the basic information of the second node in the case that the second node is not used to forward transactions initiated by nodes ranked higher than the second node and where the first type of power adjustment information for the second node is based at least in part on the one or more nodes ranked higher than the second node in the case where the second node is used to forward transactions initiated by or the basic information of the top-ranked node among multiple nodes and the basic information of the second node.
  19. 一种存储有一个或多个指令的计算机可读存储介质，所述一个或多个指令在由电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时使该电子设备执行根据权利要求17或18所述的方法。A computer-readable storage medium storing one or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the method according to claim 17 or 18 method.
  20. 一种包括指令的计算机程序产品，所述指令在由计算机的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述计算机执行根据权利要求17或18所述的方法。A computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a computer, cause the computer to perform the method according to claim 17 or 18.
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