WO2022262286A1 - Stable hydrogen-doped natural gas control method and application - Google Patents

Stable hydrogen-doped natural gas control method and application Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022262286A1
WO2022262286A1 PCT/CN2022/074352 CN2022074352W WO2022262286A1 WO 2022262286 A1 WO2022262286 A1 WO 2022262286A1 CN 2022074352 W CN2022074352 W CN 2022074352W WO 2022262286 A1 WO2022262286 A1 WO 2022262286A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
natural gas
gas
solid fuel
stable
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PCT/CN2022/074352
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨光
李玉星
李璐伶
孟伟
刘翠伟
范峻铭
张姝丽
段鹏飞
关旭
崔兆雪
裴业斌
杨宏超
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深圳市燃气集团股份有限公司
中国石油大学(华东)
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Publication of WO2022262286A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022262286A1/en

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17DPIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D3/00Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
    • F17D3/12Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for injecting a composition into the line
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/54Fuel cells
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17DPIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D3/00Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
    • F17D3/01Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen energy utilization, and in particular relates to a method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas and its application.
  • Hydrogen transportation is an important part of hydrogen energy utilization, and its long-distance transportation has attracted extensive attention.
  • hydrogen is mainly transported by high-pressure hydrogen cylinder long-tube trailers, liquid hydrogen tank trucks, and liquid hydrogen barges.
  • these methods have high storage and transportation costs and low efficiency, and it is difficult to solve the problem of long-distance, large-scale, and low-cost transportation of hydrogen. Therefore, under the condition that the current hydrogen transmission and distribution infrastructure is not perfect, mixing hydrogen with natural gas in a certain proportion and using the existing natural gas pipeline network to mix and transport hydrogen is a feasible way to transition to hydrogen energy.
  • Chinese patent CN111732077A discloses an energy-saving and high-efficiency utilization system for hydrogen production, including a tank body. There are multiple sets of heating tubes installed in the tank body. A water adding device is installed on the tank body on one side of the heating tube. One side of the water adding device moves to connect to the water inlet. The opening is located on the side wall of the tank, and the water inlet is far away from the water adding device. There is a heating device installed on the outer wall of the tank.
  • Gas outlet device there are multiple sets of raw material processing devices above the gas outlet device, so that water can be added without stopping the equipment, avoiding the situation where the temperature is too low due to direct addition of cold water, which will affect the work efficiency and effect, which is convenient for customers to use, so that the hydrogen raw material can be heated more
  • the uniform heat preservation effect is better, and at the same time, a sufficient amount of water vapor is guaranteed to react with the raw materials, the reaction efficiency is improved, and the investment in equipment is reduced.
  • Chinese patent CN111717889A discloses a portable hydrogen production device, which involves hydrogen production technology, including a reactor, a cleaner, an absorption filter, a hydrogen bag and an atomization bottle, wherein the reactor, a cleaner, an absorption filter, a hydrogen bag and a mist
  • the atomization bottles are all connected by pipelines, the first water inlet pipe is connected to the reactor, the hydrogen suction pipe is connected to the atomization bottle, a valve is arranged on the first water inlet pipe, and the absorption and filtration
  • the pipeline between the device and the hydrogen bag and the pipeline between the hydrogen bag and the atomizing bottle are all provided with valves.
  • the device disclosed by the invention can produce clean and humid hydrogen to ensure the quality of the hydrogen.
  • Chinese patent CN107314242A discloses a hydrogen and natural gas blending transportation and separation device, including a conveying pipeline for conveying materials, the conveying pipeline is provided with a hydrogen energy input port and a blending device for mixing hydrogen energy and materials device; the other end of the delivery pipeline is also provided with a separation and purification device for separating hydrogen energy, and the separation and purification device is provided with a hydrogen energy output port.
  • the hydrogen and natural gas blending, transportation and separation device provided by this application reforms the existing material delivery pipeline by adding hydrogen energy input port and hydrogen energy output port, and passing hydrogen energy Blending and separation with materials to realize the delivery of hydrogen energy.
  • the present invention utilizes existing material delivery pipelines to realize a large amount of efficient and stable hydrogen energy transportation, can realize the most economical hydrogen energy transportation mode, and provides necessary support for hydrogen energy application in urban areas.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling the stable hydrogen doping of natural gas, which solves the problems of difficulty in hydrogen storage and transportation, high cost, and stratification, and increases the feasibility and applicability of hydrogen utilization. sex.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is:
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 the hydrogen-doped natural gas at the natural gas gate station is transported to the downstream community users through the gas pipeline network, and the gas pipeline network is equipped with multi-stage pressure reducing valves;
  • Step two install solid fuel cells at specific points of downstream community users
  • Step 3 The hydrogen-doped natural gas first enters the solid fuel cell before entering the home, and the solid fuel cell generates electricity and enters the home.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas in fuel cell charging piles.
  • the third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas in urban power supply.
  • the method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas in the present invention adopts a distributed method, which solves the problem of pipeline transportation of hydrogen-doped natural gas, has low cost and high safety, and is conducive to reducing carbon dioxide emissions and promoting the hydrogen energy industry.
  • a distributed method which solves the problem of pipeline transportation of hydrogen-doped natural gas, has low cost and high safety, and is conducive to reducing carbon dioxide emissions and promoting the hydrogen energy industry.
  • after sending hydrogen-doped natural gas into solid fuel cells it can also be sent to residential users.
  • it Compared with the traditional method of separating hydrogen-doped natural gas and then sending it to residential users, it not only saves the process and reduces costs, but more importantly Yes, efficiency can be increased.
  • the control method of the present invention can be used in charging piles, which is not only safe and reliable, but also has a better charging effect than the way of directly connecting to the power grid in the prior art. Since it can be independent of the power grid, it can supplement the electricity demand of the city during the peak period of electricity consumption, and can also be applied to the charging and power supply operation needs of remote areas.
  • the present invention installs multi-stage pressure reducing valves in the gas pipeline network, which can make the hydrogen-doped gas flow stably in the pipeline without stratification, and then can be applied in various fields, expanding the application field and improving the Application flexibility.
  • Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a control method for stably adding hydrogen to natural gas provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Natural gas gate station 2. Hydrogen-doped natural gas, 3. Natural gas and hydrogen blending device, 4. Gas transmission pipeline, 5. Solid oxide fuel cell, 6. Residential users.
  • the present invention designs a method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas, which solves the difficulties of hydrogen storage, transportation and utilization, high cost, and stratification, and increases the feasibility and applicability of hydrogen utilization.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Transport the hydrogen-doped natural gas from the natural gas gate station to downstream community users through the gas pipeline network;
  • Step two install solid fuel cells at specific points of downstream community users
  • Step 3 The hydrogen-doped natural gas first enters the solid fuel cell before entering the home, and the solid fuel cell generates electricity and enters the home.
  • the gas pipeline network is equipped with multi-stage pressure reducing valves.
  • the pressure reducing valves in the prior art reduce the inlet pressure to a certain required outlet pressure through adjustment, and rely on The energy of the medium itself keeps the outlet pressure automatically stable.
  • the present invention uses a pressure reducing valve to change the flow rate and kinetic energy of the fluid by changing the throttle area, resulting in different pressure losses, so that the hydrogen-doped gas is in a stable flow in the pipeline. , no delamination occurs.
  • step 1 the setting method of the multi-stage pressure reducing valve is: the proportional pressure reducing valve and the stable pressure reducing valve are used in series, firstly adjust the outlet pressure proportionally according to the inlet pressure, and then enter The steady pressure reducing valve reduces the pressure to the set value.
  • the hydrogen-doped natural gas at the natural gas gate station can come from the upstream pipeline, or can be mixed with hydrogen at the gate station, and the hydrogen content of the outbound gas at the natural gas gate station is 5%-20% %, if the hydrogen content is higher than 20%, it will cause hydrogen damage such as hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen-induced cracking, hydrogen bulging and decarburization; the amount of hydrogen entering the gas pipeline is dynamically controlled by the amount of natural gas in the pipeline, and the hydrogen doping ratio is Rated value under this condition.
  • the on-site hydrogen blending device at the gate station can control the blending rate of the gas pipeline network at a rated hydrogen blending ratio according to the amount of natural gas entering the gas pipeline downstream through the built-in logic control system. The amount of hydrogen, and evenly mix natural gas and hydrogen.
  • step 1 some aboveground gas pipelines are connected in parallel with multiple materials (such as PE, carbon steel, cast iron, etc.), so as to facilitate real-time monitoring of the impact of hydrogen-doped natural gas on different material pipelines and pipelines during operation.
  • materials such as PE, carbon steel, cast iron, etc.
  • step 2 the K-means algorithm is used to optimize the layout of the installation points, and the "star-branch” joint distribution method is adopted, and the installation points should be arranged in a way of one use and one standby Fuel cells, so that the number and power of solid fuel cells can be adapted to the peak period of residential users' electricity consumption; the "star-branch" distribution method can avoid the disadvantages that other installation points cannot be used when one installation point fails , and at the same time, it can reduce the installation cost of the solid fuel cell, and improve the community's acceptance of the solid fuel cell.
  • step 2 the specific process of the K-means algorithm is: divide the number of users into K groups in advance, randomly select K arrangement points as the initial cluster centers, and then calculate the The distance from each deployment point, each user is assigned to the nearest deployment point, the deployment points and the users assigned to them represent a cluster, each time a user is assigned, the cluster’s deployment points will be based on the cluster Existing users in the community are recalculated and repeated until all users in the community are calculated.
  • a flow-following pressure regulating valve is installed in front of the solid fuel cell.
  • the processing pressure can meet the processing flow.
  • the inlet pressure of the solid fuel cell is greater than 2.0KPa. Under this pressure, the hydrogen-doped natural gas can be stably fed into the solid fuel cell system, and the power generation is greater than 3.0KW, which can meet the supply demand.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas in fuel cell charging piles.
  • hydrogen-doped natural gas is used in vehicle-mounted fuel cells.
  • the fuel in the fuel cell carried by the vehicle undergoes a redox reaction with oxygen in the atmosphere to generate electrical energy to drive the electric vehicle, and the electric motor drives the vehicle.
  • the mechanical transmission structure in the vehicle and then drives the front axle and other walking mechanical structures of the car to work, thereby driving the electric car forward.
  • the input end of the charging pile is directly connected to the grid, and the output end is equipped with a charging plug to charge the electric vehicle.
  • the difference between the two working methods comes from the fact that in the vehicle-mounted fuel cell, the gaseous fuel can be supplied to the fuel cell stack through the decompression stage and the humidification of the humidifier, but the distribution of the mixed gas in the charging pile and its power supply mode cannot be achieved well. The matching, and then affect the power supply effect.
  • controlling the distribution state of hydrogen-doped natural gas through the pressure reducing valve can achieve a good coordination effect with the working mode of the charging pile, thereby meeting the power supply demand.
  • the third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas in urban power supply, comprehensive utilization of hydrogen energy, and the introduction of hydrogen into thousands of households.
  • Charging piles can be connected to the city's power supply network, and the charging piles can supplement the city's point-of-use demand during the peak period of electricity consumption. Since it is separated from the power grid, this model has important practical value for charging and power supply operations in remote areas.
  • a method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 The hydrogen-doped natural gas at the natural gas gate station is transported to downstream users through the gas pipeline network.
  • the hydrogen content is 5%.
  • the hydrogen-doped device at the gate station can use the built-in logic control system according to the amount of natural gas entering the gas pipeline downstream. With the rated hydrogen doping ratio, control the amount of hydrogen blended into the gas pipeline network, and mix natural gas and hydrogen evenly; install multi-stage pressure reducing valves in the gas pipeline network, and use proportional pressure reducing valves and stable pressure reducing valves in series. Control the outlet pressure of the pressure reducing valve to 1.0MPa.
  • the multi-stage pressure reducing valve makes the hydrogen-doped gas flow stably in the pipeline without stratification; The turbulent flow state further ensures that the gas in the tube is not stratified.
  • the pipelines in the gas pipeline network are connected in parallel with PE and carbon steel, which facilitates real-time monitoring of the impact of hydrogen-doped natural gas on pipelines and components of different materials during operation, and facilitates the operation of the entire system and the inspection and protection cycle. Do a reference comparison.
  • Step 2 Install solid fuel cells at specific points of users in the downstream community.
  • the arrangement of the installation points is optimized using the K-means algorithm.
  • the number of users is pre-divided into K groups, and K points are randomly selected as the initial clustering centers, and then Calculate the distance between each user and each layout point, and assign each user to the nearest layout point.
  • the layout points and the users assigned to them represent a cluster.
  • Each time a user is assigned the cluster's layout points It will be recalculated based on the existing users in the cluster, and repeat until all users in the community are calculated.
  • the "star-branch" joint distribution method is adopted, and the solid fuel cells are arranged in a way of one use and one standby at the installation point, so that the number and power of solid fuel cells can be adapted to the peak period of residential users' electricity consumption;
  • Step 3 The hydrogen-doped natural gas first enters the solid fuel cell before it enters the household, and the solid fuel cell generates electricity and enters the household.
  • a flow-following pressure regulating valve is installed in front of the solid fuel cell. The opening of the power generation can be controlled to meet the processing pressure of the solid fuel cell and the processing flow; it is enough to control the inlet pressure of the solid fuel cell to be greater than 2.0KPa and the power generation to be greater than 3.0KW.
  • a method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 The hydrogen-doped natural gas at the natural gas gate station is transported to downstream users through the gas pipeline network.
  • the hydrogen content is 15%.
  • the in-situ hydrogen doping device at the gate station can use the built-in logic control system according to the amount of natural gas entering the gas pipeline downstream. With the rated hydrogen doping ratio, control the amount of hydrogen blended into the gas pipeline network, and mix natural gas and hydrogen evenly; install multi-stage pressure reducing valves in the gas pipeline network, and use proportional pressure reducing valves and stable pressure reducing valves in series.
  • the outlet pressure of the pressure reducing valve is controlled to 4.0MPa.
  • the multi-stage pressure reducing valve makes the hydrogen-doped gas flow stably in the pipeline without stratification;
  • the turbulent flow state further ensures that the gas in the tube is not stratified.
  • the pipelines in the gas pipeline network are connected in parallel with PE and carbon steel, which facilitates real-time monitoring of the impact of hydrogen-doped natural gas on pipelines and components of different materials during operation, and facilitates the operation of the entire system and the inspection and protection cycle. Do a reference comparison.
  • Step 2 Install solid fuel cells at specific points of users in the downstream community.
  • the arrangement of the installation points is optimized using the K-means algorithm.
  • the number of users is pre-divided into K groups, and K points are randomly selected as the initial clustering centers, and then Calculate the distance between each user and each layout point, and assign each user to the nearest layout point.
  • the layout points and the users assigned to them represent a cluster.
  • Each time a user is assigned the cluster's layout points It will be recalculated based on the existing users in the cluster, and repeat until all users in the community are calculated.
  • the "star-branch" joint distribution method is adopted, and the solid fuel cells are arranged in a way of one use and one standby at the installation point, so that the number and power of solid fuel cells can be adapted to the peak period of residential users' electricity consumption;
  • Step 3 The hydrogen-doped natural gas first enters the solid fuel cell before it enters the household, and the solid fuel cell generates electricity and enters the household.
  • a flow-following pressure regulating valve is installed in front of the solid fuel cell. The opening of the power generation can be controlled to meet the processing pressure of the solid fuel cell and the processing flow; it is enough to control the inlet pressure of the solid fuel cell to be greater than 2.0KPa and the power generation to be greater than 3.0KW.
  • a method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 The hydrogen-doped natural gas at the natural gas gate station is transported to downstream users through the gas pipeline network.
  • the hydrogen content is 20%.
  • the in-situ hydrogen doping device at the gate station can use the built-in logic control system according to the amount of natural gas entering the gas pipeline downstream. With the rated hydrogen doping ratio, control the amount of hydrogen blended like the gas pipeline network, and mix the natural gas and hydrogen evenly; the proportional pressure reducing valve and the stable pressure reducing valve are used in series, and the outlet pressure of the pressure reducing valve is controlled to 6.0MPa.
  • the multi-stage pressure reducing valve makes the hydrogen-doped gas flow stably in the pipeline without stratification; the multi-stage pressure reducing valve is also equipped with fins, which can evenly disturb the gas in the tube and make it in a turbulent state, further ensuring that the gas in the tube is not stratified .
  • the pipelines in the gas pipeline network are connected in parallel with PE and carbon steel, which facilitates real-time monitoring of the impact of hydrogen-doped natural gas on pipelines and components of different materials during operation, and facilitates the operation of the entire system and the inspection and protection cycle. Do a reference comparison.
  • Step 2 Install solid fuel cells at specific points of users in the downstream community.
  • the arrangement of the installation points is optimized using the K-means algorithm.
  • the number of users is pre-divided into K groups, and K points are randomly selected as the initial clustering centers, and then Calculate the distance between each user and each layout point, and assign each user to the nearest layout point.
  • the layout points and the users assigned to them represent a cluster.
  • Each time a user is assigned the cluster's layout points It will be recalculated based on the existing users in the cluster, and repeat until all users in the community are calculated.
  • the "star-branch" joint distribution method is adopted, and the solid fuel cells are arranged in a way of one use and one standby at the installation point, so that the number and power of solid fuel cells can be adapted to the peak period of residential users' electricity consumption;
  • Step 3 The hydrogen-doped natural gas first enters the solid fuel cell before it enters the household, and the solid fuel cell generates electricity and enters the household.
  • a flow-following pressure regulating valve is installed in front of the solid fuel cell. The opening of the power generation can be controlled to meet the processing pressure of the solid fuel cell and the processing flow; it is enough to control the inlet pressure of the solid fuel cell to be greater than 2.0KPa and the power generation to be greater than 3.0KW.
  • control pressure reducing valve pressure is set to 0.4MPa, and other parameter conditions are identical with embodiment 1.
  • control pressure reducing valve pressure is set to 8.5MPa, and other parameter conditions are identical with embodiment 1.

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Abstract

A stable hydrogen-doped natural gas control method, comprising the following steps: step 1, hydrogen-doped natural gas of a natural gas gate station is transported to a downstream community user by means of a gas pipe network, multiple stages of pressure reducing valves being mounted in the gas pipe network; step 2, a solid fuel cell is mounted at a specific point of the downstream community user; and step 3, the hydrogen-doped natural gas first enters the solid fuel cell before entering a household, and generates electricity by means of the solid fuel cell for input into the household. By means of a distributed control method for hydrogen-doped natural gas, the problem of pipeline transportation and utilization of hydrogen-doped natural gas is solved, and the distribution state and power supply mode of natural gas doped with hydrogen in a charging pile are well matched by means of pressure reducing valves, which expands the application direction.

Description

一种天然气稳定掺氢控制方法及应用A control method and application of natural gas stable hydrogen addition 技术领域technical field
本发明属于氢能利用技术领域,尤其涉及一种天然气稳定掺氢控制方法及应用。The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen energy utilization, and in particular relates to a method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas and its application.
背景技术Background technique
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。The information disclosed in this background section is only intended to increase the understanding of the general background of the present invention, and is not necessarily taken as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those skilled in the art.
由于氢能来源广泛、清洁低碳,高效灵活,在推动全球能源转型、实现绿色可持续发展的过程中扮演关键角色。氢气输送是氢能利用的重要环节,其远距离输送问题受到广泛关注。目前氢气主要是以高压氢瓶长管拖车输送、液氢槽罐车输送和液氢驳船输送等,但这些方法储运成高,效率低,难以解决氢气的长距离、大规模、低成本输送难题。因此,在目前氢气输配基础设施还不完善的条件下,将氢气以一定比例掺入天然气,利用现有的天然气管网混输氢气是一种向氢能源过渡的可行方式。近年来,国多内外学者一直在研究如何在已有的现役天然气管网中混输天然气和氢气,以减少温室气体的排放,提高氢气输送效率。根据调研,现阶段国内外涉及掺氢天然气管道输送工艺流程的专利主要有:Due to its wide range of sources, clean and low-carbon, high efficiency and flexibility, hydrogen plays a key role in promoting global energy transformation and realizing green and sustainable development. Hydrogen transportation is an important part of hydrogen energy utilization, and its long-distance transportation has attracted extensive attention. At present, hydrogen is mainly transported by high-pressure hydrogen cylinder long-tube trailers, liquid hydrogen tank trucks, and liquid hydrogen barges. However, these methods have high storage and transportation costs and low efficiency, and it is difficult to solve the problem of long-distance, large-scale, and low-cost transportation of hydrogen. Therefore, under the condition that the current hydrogen transmission and distribution infrastructure is not perfect, mixing hydrogen with natural gas in a certain proportion and using the existing natural gas pipeline network to mix and transport hydrogen is a feasible way to transition to hydrogen energy. In recent years, many scholars at home and abroad have been studying how to mix natural gas and hydrogen in the existing natural gas pipeline network in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve hydrogen transmission efficiency. According to the research, at this stage, domestic and foreign patents involving hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline transportation process mainly include:
中国专利CN111732077A公开了一种氢气生产的节能高效利用系统,包括罐体,罐体内安装有多组加热管,加热管一侧罐体上安装加水装置,加水装置一侧移动连通进水口,进水口开设位于罐体侧壁上,进水口远离加水装置一侧设有加热装置,加热装置安装位于罐体外侧壁上,加水装置上方罐体内壁上固 定连接固定板,固定板上滑动卡接多组出气装置,出气装置上方设有多组原料处理装置,使得能够无需停止设备进行加水工作,避免直接加入冷水导致温度过低进而影响工作效率和效果的情况,便于客户使用,使得能够氢气原料受热更均匀保温效果更好,同时保证足量的水蒸气与原料反应,提高了反应效率,减少设备的投入,本发明操作简单,发明性强,便于推广使用。Chinese patent CN111732077A discloses an energy-saving and high-efficiency utilization system for hydrogen production, including a tank body. There are multiple sets of heating tubes installed in the tank body. A water adding device is installed on the tank body on one side of the heating tube. One side of the water adding device moves to connect to the water inlet. The opening is located on the side wall of the tank, and the water inlet is far away from the water adding device. There is a heating device installed on the outer wall of the tank. Gas outlet device, there are multiple sets of raw material processing devices above the gas outlet device, so that water can be added without stopping the equipment, avoiding the situation where the temperature is too low due to direct addition of cold water, which will affect the work efficiency and effect, which is convenient for customers to use, so that the hydrogen raw material can be heated more The uniform heat preservation effect is better, and at the same time, a sufficient amount of water vapor is guaranteed to react with the raw materials, the reaction efficiency is improved, and the investment in equipment is reduced.
中国专利CN111717889A公开了一种便携式制氢装置,涉及制氢技术,包括反应器、清洗器、吸收过滤器、氢气袋以及雾化瓶,其中反应器、清洗器、吸收过滤器、氢气袋以及雾化瓶均通过管道连接,在所述反应器连接有第一进水管,在所述雾化瓶上连接有接吸氢管,在所述第一进水管上设置有阀门,在所述吸收过滤器和氢气袋之间的管道以及氢气袋与所述雾化瓶之间的管道均设置有阀门。本发明公开的装置可以制取清洁有湿度的氢气,保证氢气的质量。Chinese patent CN111717889A discloses a portable hydrogen production device, which involves hydrogen production technology, including a reactor, a cleaner, an absorption filter, a hydrogen bag and an atomization bottle, wherein the reactor, a cleaner, an absorption filter, a hydrogen bag and a mist The atomization bottles are all connected by pipelines, the first water inlet pipe is connected to the reactor, the hydrogen suction pipe is connected to the atomization bottle, a valve is arranged on the first water inlet pipe, and the absorption and filtration The pipeline between the device and the hydrogen bag and the pipeline between the hydrogen bag and the atomizing bottle are all provided with valves. The device disclosed by the invention can produce clean and humid hydrogen to ensure the quality of the hydrogen.
中国专利CN107314242A公开了一种氢气天然气的掺混运输和分离装置,包括用于输送物料的输送管路,输送管路设有氢能输入口以及用于将氢能与物料进行掺混的掺混装置;输送管路另一端还设有用于将氢能分离出来的分离纯化装置,分离纯化装置上设置有氢能输出口。本申请所提供的氢气天然气的掺混运输和分离装置对现有的物料的输送管路进行改造,通过加设氢能输入口和氢能输出口、并在输入和输出过程中通过将氢能和物料进行掺混和分离,实现对实现氢能的输送。本发明利用现有的物料输送管线实现大量高效稳定的氢能运输,可以实现最经济的氢能运输方式,为城市区域的氢能应用提供的必要的支持。Chinese patent CN107314242A discloses a hydrogen and natural gas blending transportation and separation device, including a conveying pipeline for conveying materials, the conveying pipeline is provided with a hydrogen energy input port and a blending device for mixing hydrogen energy and materials device; the other end of the delivery pipeline is also provided with a separation and purification device for separating hydrogen energy, and the separation and purification device is provided with a hydrogen energy output port. The hydrogen and natural gas blending, transportation and separation device provided by this application reforms the existing material delivery pipeline by adding hydrogen energy input port and hydrogen energy output port, and passing hydrogen energy Blending and separation with materials to realize the delivery of hydrogen energy. The present invention utilizes existing material delivery pipelines to realize a large amount of efficient and stable hydrogen energy transportation, can realize the most economical hydrogen energy transportation mode, and provides necessary support for hydrogen energy application in urban areas.
现有的专利对氢气的生产、储存与利用大都采用制氢装置产生氢气,对氢气天然气的混合输送也大都掺混后要进行分离,成本高、推广应用难。同时,氢气的密度为0.090Kg/Nm 3,甲烷的密度为0.717Kg/Nm 3,两者密度相差很大, 极易产生分层现象,影响利用效率。 Most of the existing patents use hydrogen production equipment to generate hydrogen for the production, storage and utilization of hydrogen, and most of the mixed transportation of hydrogen and natural gas requires separation after mixing, which is costly and difficult to popularize and apply. At the same time, the density of hydrogen is 0.090Kg/Nm 3 , and that of methane is 0.717Kg/Nm 3 . The density difference between the two is very large, which easily produces stratification and affects the utilization efficiency.
因此,提出一种天然气稳定掺氢控制方法,进而对氢气的产生、掺混输送、利用等进行合理的布局优化,降低投资,降低安全风险,保证系统稳定运行,增加氢气利用的可行性,具有重要的意义。Therefore, a method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas is proposed, and then the reasonable layout optimization of hydrogen production, blending, transportation, and utilization is carried out to reduce investment, reduce safety risks, ensure stable operation of the system, and increase the feasibility of hydrogen utilization. Significance.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述现有技术中存在的技术问题,本发明的目的是提供一种天然气稳定掺氢控制方法,解决氢气储存输送利用难度大、成本高、分层的难题,增加氢气利用的可行性和适用性。In view of the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling the stable hydrogen doping of natural gas, which solves the problems of difficulty in hydrogen storage and transportation, high cost, and stratification, and increases the feasibility and applicability of hydrogen utilization. sex.
为了解决以上技术问题,本发明的技术方案为:In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is:
本发明的第一方面,提供一种天然气稳定掺氢控制方法,包括以下步骤:The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas, comprising the following steps:
步骤一,将天然气门站的掺氢天然气通过燃气管网输送到下游社区用户,所述燃气管网安装多级减压阀; Step 1, the hydrogen-doped natural gas at the natural gas gate station is transported to the downstream community users through the gas pipeline network, and the gas pipeline network is equipped with multi-stage pressure reducing valves;
步骤二,在下游社区用户的特定点安装固体燃料电池;Step two, install solid fuel cells at specific points of downstream community users;
步骤三,掺氢天然气在进户之前首先进入固体燃料电池,通过固体燃料电池发电入户。Step 3: The hydrogen-doped natural gas first enters the solid fuel cell before entering the home, and the solid fuel cell generates electricity and enters the home.
本发明的第二个方面,提供上述天然气稳定掺氢控制方法在燃料电池充电桩方面的应用。The second aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas in fuel cell charging piles.
本发明的第三个方面,提供上述天然气稳定掺氢控制方法在城市供电方面的应用。The third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas in urban power supply.
与现有技术相比,本发明的以上一个或多个实施例的有益技术效果为:Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the above one or more embodiments of the present invention are:
(1)本发明的天然气稳定掺氢控制方法,采用分布式方式,解决了掺氢天然气管道输送的利用问题,成本低,安全性高,有利于减少二氧化碳排放,促进氢能产业。同时,将掺氢天然气送入固体燃料电池后,还可送入居 民用户内,相比传统将掺氢天然气分离后再送入居民用户的方式,不仅节约了流程,降低了成本,更为重要的是,可以提高效率。(1) The method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas in the present invention adopts a distributed method, which solves the problem of pipeline transportation of hydrogen-doped natural gas, has low cost and high safety, and is conducive to reducing carbon dioxide emissions and promoting the hydrogen energy industry. At the same time, after sending hydrogen-doped natural gas into solid fuel cells, it can also be sent to residential users. Compared with the traditional method of separating hydrogen-doped natural gas and then sending it to residential users, it not only saves the process and reduces costs, but more importantly Yes, efficiency can be increased.
(2)本发明的控制方法可以用于充电桩中,不仅安全可靠,其充电效果甚至优于现有技术中直接接入电网的方式。由于可以独立于电网,在用电高峰期可以对城市的用电需求进行补充,还可以应用于偏远地区的充电、供电运营需求。(2) The control method of the present invention can be used in charging piles, which is not only safe and reliable, but also has a better charging effect than the way of directly connecting to the power grid in the prior art. Since it can be independent of the power grid, it can supplement the electricity demand of the city during the peak period of electricity consumption, and can also be applied to the charging and power supply operation needs of remote areas.
(3)本发明在所述燃气管网安装多级减压阀可以使掺氢燃气在管道中处于稳定流动,不发生分层,进而可以应用于多种领域中,扩展了应用领域,提高了应用灵活性。(3) The present invention installs multi-stage pressure reducing valves in the gas pipeline network, which can make the hydrogen-doped gas flow stably in the pipeline without stratification, and then can be applied in various fields, expanding the application field and improving the Application flexibility.
附图说明Description of drawings
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解,本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请,并不构成对本申请的不当限定。The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide further understanding of the present application, and the schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute improper limitations to the present application.
图1是本发明实施例1提供的一种天然气稳定掺氢控制方法流程图。Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a control method for stably adding hydrogen to natural gas provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
1、天然气门站,2、掺氢天然气,3、天然气、氢气掺混装置,4、燃气输送管道,5、固体氧化物燃料电池,6、居民用户。1. Natural gas gate station, 2. Hydrogen-doped natural gas, 3. Natural gas and hydrogen blending device, 4. Gas transmission pipeline, 5. Solid oxide fuel cell, 6. Residential users.
具体实施方式detailed description
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。It should be pointed out that the following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further explanation to the present application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、 组件和/或它们的组合。It should be noted that the terminology used here is only for describing specific implementations, and is not intended to limit the exemplary implementations according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural, and it should also be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they mean There are features, steps, operations, means, components and/or combinations thereof.
如前所述,现有对氢气天然气的混合输送大都掺混后要进行分离,成本高、推广应用难,且存在分层的现象,影响利用效率。As mentioned above, most of the existing mixed transportation of hydrogen and natural gas needs to be separated after blending, which is costly, difficult to popularize and apply, and there is a phenomenon of stratification, which affects the utilization efficiency.
有鉴于此,本发明设计了一种天然气稳定掺氢控制方法,解决了氢气储存输送利用难度大、成本高、分层的难题,增加了氢气利用的可行性和适用性。In view of this, the present invention designs a method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas, which solves the difficulties of hydrogen storage, transportation and utilization, high cost, and stratification, and increases the feasibility and applicability of hydrogen utilization.
本发明的第一方面,提供一种天然气稳定掺氢控制方法,包括以下步骤:The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas, comprising the following steps:
步骤一,将天然气门站的掺氢天然气通过燃气管网输送到下游社区用户;Step 1: Transport the hydrogen-doped natural gas from the natural gas gate station to downstream community users through the gas pipeline network;
步骤二,在下游社区用户的特定点安装固体燃料电池;Step two, install solid fuel cells at specific points of downstream community users;
步骤三,掺氢天然气在进户之前首先进入固体燃料电池,通过固体燃料电池发电入户。Step 3: The hydrogen-doped natural gas first enters the solid fuel cell before entering the home, and the solid fuel cell generates electricity and enters the home.
在一种典型实施方式中,步骤一中,所述燃气管网安装多级减压阀,现有技术中的减压阀是通过调节,将进口压力减至某一需要的出口压力,并依靠介质本身的能量,使出口压力自动保持稳定的阀门,本发明采用减压阀通过改变节流面积,使流速及流体的动能改变,造成不同的压力损失,使掺氢燃气在管道中处于稳定流动,不发生分层。发明人发现,通过利用减压阀减小系统压力,可以使天然气和氢气的压力处于相对平衡状态,使得掺氢天然气在管道流动过程中改善了分层现象的发生。申请人还进一步发现,控制减压阀不同的压力对分层现象的改善效果不同,当控制减压阀压力为0.5MPa-8MPa范围内,可以最大程度改善分层现象,当压力低于0.5MPa时,掺氢天然气的压力不足以使得流动状态处于发生足够平衡的状态,当压力高于8MPa时,掺氢天然气的压力太大使得压力振摆幅度大,无法发挥稳压效果,进而无法改善掺氢天然气的分层现象。优选的,为了进一步改善分层现象,在减压阀内设置翅片,能够均匀扰动管内气体,使之出于湍流状态,进一步保障管内气体不分层。In a typical implementation, in step 1, the gas pipeline network is equipped with multi-stage pressure reducing valves. The pressure reducing valves in the prior art reduce the inlet pressure to a certain required outlet pressure through adjustment, and rely on The energy of the medium itself keeps the outlet pressure automatically stable. The present invention uses a pressure reducing valve to change the flow rate and kinetic energy of the fluid by changing the throttle area, resulting in different pressure losses, so that the hydrogen-doped gas is in a stable flow in the pipeline. , no delamination occurs. The inventors found that by using a pressure reducing valve to reduce the system pressure, the pressures of natural gas and hydrogen can be kept in a relatively balanced state, so that hydrogen-doped natural gas improves the occurrence of stratification during the flow of pipelines. The applicant further found that different pressures of the pressure reducing valve have different effects on improving the stratification phenomenon. When the pressure of the pressure reducing valve is controlled within the range of 0.5MPa-8MPa, the stratification phenomenon can be improved to the greatest extent. When the pressure is lower than 0.5MPa When the pressure of the hydrogen-doped natural gas is not enough to make the flow state in a state of sufficient balance, when the pressure is higher than 8MPa, the pressure of the hydrogen-doped natural gas is too large to cause a large pressure swing, which cannot exert the effect of stabilizing the pressure, and thus cannot improve the flow rate of the mixed gas. Stratification phenomenon of hydrogen and natural gas. Preferably, in order to further improve the stratification phenomenon, fins are provided in the decompression valve, which can evenly disturb the gas in the tube to make it in a turbulent state, and further ensure that the gas in the tube is not stratified.
在一种典型实施方式中,步骤一中,所述多级减压阀的设置方式为:比例式减压阀与稳定式减压阀串联应用,首先根据入口压力按比例调整出口压力,然后进入稳定式减压阀将压力降到设定数值。In a typical implementation, in step 1, the setting method of the multi-stage pressure reducing valve is: the proportional pressure reducing valve and the stable pressure reducing valve are used in series, firstly adjust the outlet pressure proportionally according to the inlet pressure, and then enter The steady pressure reducing valve reduces the pressure to the set value.
在一种典型实施方式中,步骤一中,天然气门站的掺氢天然气可以来源于上游管道,也可在门站就地掺入氢气,天然气门站出站气体含氢量为5%-20%,若含氢量高于20%,则会引起氢脆、氢致开裂、氢鼓包和脱碳等氢损伤;进入燃气输送管道的氢气量由管道中天然气的量动态控制,掺氢比例为该工况下的额定值。In a typical implementation, in step 1, the hydrogen-doped natural gas at the natural gas gate station can come from the upstream pipeline, or can be mixed with hydrogen at the gate station, and the hydrogen content of the outbound gas at the natural gas gate station is 5%-20% %, if the hydrogen content is higher than 20%, it will cause hydrogen damage such as hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen-induced cracking, hydrogen bulging and decarburization; the amount of hydrogen entering the gas pipeline is dynamically controlled by the amount of natural gas in the pipeline, and the hydrogen doping ratio is Rated value under this condition.
在一种典型实施方式中,步骤一中,门站就地掺氢装置通过内置的逻辑控制系统,能够根据下游进入燃气管道的天然气量,以额定掺氢比,控制掺混如燃气管网的氢气的量,并均匀混合好天然气和氢气。In a typical implementation, in step 1, the on-site hydrogen blending device at the gate station can control the blending rate of the gas pipeline network at a rated hydrogen blending ratio according to the amount of natural gas entering the gas pipeline downstream through the built-in logic control system. The amount of hydrogen, and evenly mix natural gas and hydrogen.
在一种典型实施方式中,步骤一中,部分地上燃气管道采用多材质(如:PE、碳钢、铸铁等)并联形式,便于在运行的过程中,实时监测掺氢天然气对不同材质管道及零部件的影响,便于对整个系统的运营情况及巡检防护周期做参考比对。In a typical implementation, in step 1, some aboveground gas pipelines are connected in parallel with multiple materials (such as PE, carbon steel, cast iron, etc.), so as to facilitate real-time monitoring of the impact of hydrogen-doped natural gas on different material pipelines and pipelines during operation. The impact of components is convenient for reference comparison of the operation of the entire system and the inspection and protection cycle.
在一种典型实施方式中,步骤二中,安装点的布置采用K-means算法优化布置,采用“星状-枝状”联合的分布方式,且安装点应采用一用一备的方式布置固体燃料电池,使固体燃料电池的数目、功率与居民用户用电高峰期适配;“星状-枝状”的分布方式可以避免当一处安装点发生故障,引起其他安装点均无法使用的弊端,同时能将固体燃料电池的安装成本降低,使社区对固体燃料电池的接受程度提高。In a typical implementation, in step 2, the K-means algorithm is used to optimize the layout of the installation points, and the "star-branch" joint distribution method is adopted, and the installation points should be arranged in a way of one use and one standby Fuel cells, so that the number and power of solid fuel cells can be adapted to the peak period of residential users' electricity consumption; the "star-branch" distribution method can avoid the disadvantages that other installation points cannot be used when one installation point fails , and at the same time, it can reduce the installation cost of the solid fuel cell, and improve the community's acceptance of the solid fuel cell.
在一种典型实施方式中,步骤二中,所述K-means算法的具体过程为:预将用户数分为K组,随机选取K个布置点作为初始的聚类中心,然后计算每 个用户与各个布置点之间的距离,把每个用户分配给距离它最近的布置点,布置点以及分配给它们的用户就代表一个聚类,每分配一个用户,聚类的布置点会根据聚类中现有的用户被重新计算,不断重复直到社区所有用户计算完成。In a typical implementation, in step 2, the specific process of the K-means algorithm is: divide the number of users into K groups in advance, randomly select K arrangement points as the initial cluster centers, and then calculate the The distance from each deployment point, each user is assigned to the nearest deployment point, the deployment points and the users assigned to them represent a cluster, each time a user is assigned, the cluster’s deployment points will be based on the cluster Existing users in the community are recalculated and repeated until all users in the community are calculated.
在一种典型实施方式中,步骤三中,固体燃料电池前安装流量随动调压阀,流量随动调压阀能根据燃气流量与固体燃料电池发电量控制开度,既能满足固体燃料电池的处理压力,又能满足处理流量。优选的,固体燃料电池的入口压力大于2.0KPa,在此压力下可以将掺氢天然气稳定送入固体燃料电池系统中,发电功率大于3.0KW,能够满足供应需求。In a typical implementation, in step 3, a flow-following pressure regulating valve is installed in front of the solid fuel cell. The processing pressure can meet the processing flow. Preferably, the inlet pressure of the solid fuel cell is greater than 2.0KPa. Under this pressure, the hydrogen-doped natural gas can be stably fed into the solid fuel cell system, and the power generation is greater than 3.0KW, which can meet the supply demand.
本发明的第二个方面,提供上述天然气稳定掺氢控制方法在燃料电池充电桩方面的应用。The second aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas in fuel cell charging piles.
现有技术中,掺氢天然气均是用于车载式燃料电池,其燃料在汽车搭载的燃料电池中,与大气中的氧气发生氧化还原反应,产生出电能来带动电动车工作,由电动机带动汽车中的机械传动结构,进而带动汽车的前桥等行走机械结构工作,从而驱动电动汽车前进。而充电桩输入端却是直接连接电网,输出端装有充电插头为电动汽车充电。两者工作方式的差异来源于在车载式燃料电池中,气体燃料可以通过减压阶段和加湿器加湿被供应到燃料电池堆,而混合气体在充电桩内的分布状态与其供电模式无法达到很好的匹配,进而影响供电效果。本申请通过减压阀控制掺氢天然气的分布状态可以与充电桩工作模式达到很好的协调效果,进而满足供电需求。In the prior art, hydrogen-doped natural gas is used in vehicle-mounted fuel cells. The fuel in the fuel cell carried by the vehicle undergoes a redox reaction with oxygen in the atmosphere to generate electrical energy to drive the electric vehicle, and the electric motor drives the vehicle. The mechanical transmission structure in the vehicle, and then drives the front axle and other walking mechanical structures of the car to work, thereby driving the electric car forward. The input end of the charging pile is directly connected to the grid, and the output end is equipped with a charging plug to charge the electric vehicle. The difference between the two working methods comes from the fact that in the vehicle-mounted fuel cell, the gaseous fuel can be supplied to the fuel cell stack through the decompression stage and the humidification of the humidifier, but the distribution of the mixed gas in the charging pile and its power supply mode cannot be achieved well. The matching, and then affect the power supply effect. In this application, controlling the distribution state of hydrogen-doped natural gas through the pressure reducing valve can achieve a good coordination effect with the working mode of the charging pile, thereby meeting the power supply demand.
本发明的第三个方面,提供上述天然气稳定掺氢控制方法在城市供电、氢能综合利用、氢进万家方面的应用。The third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas in urban power supply, comprehensive utilization of hydrogen energy, and the introduction of hydrogen into thousands of households.
充电桩可以与城市供电网络相连,在用电高峰期由充电桩对城市的用点需求进行补充,由于脱离了电网,这种模式对偏远地区的充电、供电运营具有重 要的实践价值。Charging piles can be connected to the city's power supply network, and the charging piles can supplement the city's point-of-use demand during the peak period of electricity consumption. Since it is separated from the power grid, this model has important practical value for charging and power supply operations in remote areas.
实施例1Example 1
一种天然气稳定掺氢控制方法,包括以下步骤:A method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas, comprising the following steps:
步骤一,将天然气门站的掺氢天然气通过燃气管网输送到下游用户,氢气含量为5%,门站就地掺氢装置通过内置的逻辑控制系统,能够根据下游进入燃气管道的天然气量,以额定掺氢比,控制掺混如燃气管网的氢气的量,并均匀混合好天然气和氢气;燃气管网安装多级减压阀,比例式减压阀与稳定式减压阀串联应用,控制减压阀出口压力1.0MPa,多级减压阀使掺氢燃气在管道中处于稳定流动,不发生分层;多级减压阀内还设置翅片,能够均匀扰动管内气体,使之处于湍流状态,进一步保障管内气体不分层。同时,燃气管网中的管道采用PE和碳钢并联的方式,便于在运行过程中,实时监测掺氢天然气对不同材质管道及零部件的影响,便于对整个系统的运营情况及巡检防护周期做参考比对。 Step 1. The hydrogen-doped natural gas at the natural gas gate station is transported to downstream users through the gas pipeline network. The hydrogen content is 5%. The hydrogen-doped device at the gate station can use the built-in logic control system according to the amount of natural gas entering the gas pipeline downstream. With the rated hydrogen doping ratio, control the amount of hydrogen blended into the gas pipeline network, and mix natural gas and hydrogen evenly; install multi-stage pressure reducing valves in the gas pipeline network, and use proportional pressure reducing valves and stable pressure reducing valves in series. Control the outlet pressure of the pressure reducing valve to 1.0MPa. The multi-stage pressure reducing valve makes the hydrogen-doped gas flow stably in the pipeline without stratification; The turbulent flow state further ensures that the gas in the tube is not stratified. At the same time, the pipelines in the gas pipeline network are connected in parallel with PE and carbon steel, which facilitates real-time monitoring of the impact of hydrogen-doped natural gas on pipelines and components of different materials during operation, and facilitates the operation of the entire system and the inspection and protection cycle. Do a reference comparison.
步骤二,在下游社区用户的特定点安装固体燃料电池,安装点的布置采用K-means算法优化布置,预将用户数分为K组,随机选取K个布置点作为初始的聚类中心,然后计算每个用户与各个布置点之间的距离,把每个用户分配给距离它最近的布置点,布置点以及分配给它们的用户就代表一个聚类,每分配一个用户,聚类的布置点会根据聚类中现有的用户被重新计算,不断重复直到社区所有用户计算完成。采用“星状-枝状”联合的分布方式,安装点采用一用一备的方式布置固体燃料电池,使固体燃料电池的数目、功率与居民用户用电高峰期适配;Step 2: Install solid fuel cells at specific points of users in the downstream community. The arrangement of the installation points is optimized using the K-means algorithm. The number of users is pre-divided into K groups, and K points are randomly selected as the initial clustering centers, and then Calculate the distance between each user and each layout point, and assign each user to the nearest layout point. The layout points and the users assigned to them represent a cluster. Each time a user is assigned, the cluster's layout points It will be recalculated based on the existing users in the cluster, and repeat until all users in the community are calculated. The "star-branch" joint distribution method is adopted, and the solid fuel cells are arranged in a way of one use and one standby at the installation point, so that the number and power of solid fuel cells can be adapted to the peak period of residential users' electricity consumption;
步骤三,掺氢天然气在进户之前首先进入固体燃料电池,通过固体燃料电池发电入户,固体燃料电池前安装流量随动调压阀,流量随动调压阀能根据燃 气流量与固体燃料电池发电量控制开度,既能满足固体燃料电池的处理压力,又能满足处理流量;控制固体燃料电池的入口压力大于2.0KPa,发电功率大于3.0KW即可。Step 3: The hydrogen-doped natural gas first enters the solid fuel cell before it enters the household, and the solid fuel cell generates electricity and enters the household. A flow-following pressure regulating valve is installed in front of the solid fuel cell. The opening of the power generation can be controlled to meet the processing pressure of the solid fuel cell and the processing flow; it is enough to control the inlet pressure of the solid fuel cell to be greater than 2.0KPa and the power generation to be greater than 3.0KW.
实施例2Example 2
一种天然气稳定掺氢控制方法,包括以下步骤:A method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas, comprising the following steps:
步骤一,将天然气门站的掺氢天然气通过燃气管网输送到下游用户,氢气含量为15%,门站就地掺氢装置通过内置的逻辑控制系统,能够根据下游进入燃气管道的天然气量,以额定掺氢比,控制掺混如燃气管网的氢气的量,并均匀混合好天然气和氢气;燃气管网安装多级减压阀,比例式减压阀与稳定式减压阀串联应用,控制减压阀出口压力4.0MPa,多级减压阀使掺氢燃气在管道中处于稳定流动,不发生分层;多级减压阀内还设置翅片,能够均匀扰动管内气体,使之处于湍流状态,进一步保障管内气体不分层。同时,燃气管网中的管道采用PE和碳钢并联的方式,便于在运行过程中,实时监测掺氢天然气对不同材质管道及零部件的影响,便于对整个系统的运营情况及巡检防护周期做参考比对。 Step 1. The hydrogen-doped natural gas at the natural gas gate station is transported to downstream users through the gas pipeline network. The hydrogen content is 15%. The in-situ hydrogen doping device at the gate station can use the built-in logic control system according to the amount of natural gas entering the gas pipeline downstream. With the rated hydrogen doping ratio, control the amount of hydrogen blended into the gas pipeline network, and mix natural gas and hydrogen evenly; install multi-stage pressure reducing valves in the gas pipeline network, and use proportional pressure reducing valves and stable pressure reducing valves in series. The outlet pressure of the pressure reducing valve is controlled to 4.0MPa. The multi-stage pressure reducing valve makes the hydrogen-doped gas flow stably in the pipeline without stratification; The turbulent flow state further ensures that the gas in the tube is not stratified. At the same time, the pipelines in the gas pipeline network are connected in parallel with PE and carbon steel, which facilitates real-time monitoring of the impact of hydrogen-doped natural gas on pipelines and components of different materials during operation, and facilitates the operation of the entire system and the inspection and protection cycle. Do a reference comparison.
步骤二,在下游社区用户的特定点安装固体燃料电池,安装点的布置采用K-means算法优化布置,预将用户数分为K组,随机选取K个布置点作为初始的聚类中心,然后计算每个用户与各个布置点之间的距离,把每个用户分配给距离它最近的布置点,布置点以及分配给它们的用户就代表一个聚类,每分配一个用户,聚类的布置点会根据聚类中现有的用户被重新计算,不断重复直到社区所有用户计算完成。采用“星状-枝状”联合的分布方式,安装点采用一用一备的方式布置固体燃料电池,使固体燃料电池的数目、功率与居民用户用电高峰期适配;Step 2: Install solid fuel cells at specific points of users in the downstream community. The arrangement of the installation points is optimized using the K-means algorithm. The number of users is pre-divided into K groups, and K points are randomly selected as the initial clustering centers, and then Calculate the distance between each user and each layout point, and assign each user to the nearest layout point. The layout points and the users assigned to them represent a cluster. Each time a user is assigned, the cluster's layout points It will be recalculated based on the existing users in the cluster, and repeat until all users in the community are calculated. The "star-branch" joint distribution method is adopted, and the solid fuel cells are arranged in a way of one use and one standby at the installation point, so that the number and power of solid fuel cells can be adapted to the peak period of residential users' electricity consumption;
步骤三,掺氢天然气在进户之前首先进入固体燃料电池,通过固体燃料电池发电入户,固体燃料电池前安装流量随动调压阀,流量随动调压阀能根据燃气流量与固体燃料电池发电量控制开度,既能满足固体燃料电池的处理压力,又能满足处理流量;控制固体燃料电池的入口压力大于2.0KPa,发电功率大于3.0KW即可。Step 3: The hydrogen-doped natural gas first enters the solid fuel cell before it enters the household, and the solid fuel cell generates electricity and enters the household. A flow-following pressure regulating valve is installed in front of the solid fuel cell. The opening of the power generation can be controlled to meet the processing pressure of the solid fuel cell and the processing flow; it is enough to control the inlet pressure of the solid fuel cell to be greater than 2.0KPa and the power generation to be greater than 3.0KW.
实施例3Example 3
一种天然气稳定掺氢控制方法,包括以下步骤:A method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas, comprising the following steps:
步骤一,将天然气门站的掺氢天然气通过燃气管网输送到下游用户,氢气含量为20%,门站就地掺氢装置通过内置的逻辑控制系统,能够根据下游进入燃气管道的天然气量,以额定掺氢比,控制掺混如燃气管网的氢气的量,并均匀混合好天然气和氢气;比例式减压阀与稳定式减压阀串联应用,控制减压阀出口压力6.0MPa,多级减压阀使掺氢燃气在管道中处于稳定流动,不发生分层;多级减压阀内还设置翅片,能够均匀扰动管内气体,使之处于湍流状态,进一步保障管内气体不分层。同时,燃气管网中的管道采用PE和碳钢并联的方式,便于在运行过程中,实时监测掺氢天然气对不同材质管道及零部件的影响,便于对整个系统的运营情况及巡检防护周期做参考比对。 Step 1. The hydrogen-doped natural gas at the natural gas gate station is transported to downstream users through the gas pipeline network. The hydrogen content is 20%. The in-situ hydrogen doping device at the gate station can use the built-in logic control system according to the amount of natural gas entering the gas pipeline downstream. With the rated hydrogen doping ratio, control the amount of hydrogen blended like the gas pipeline network, and mix the natural gas and hydrogen evenly; the proportional pressure reducing valve and the stable pressure reducing valve are used in series, and the outlet pressure of the pressure reducing valve is controlled to 6.0MPa. The multi-stage pressure reducing valve makes the hydrogen-doped gas flow stably in the pipeline without stratification; the multi-stage pressure reducing valve is also equipped with fins, which can evenly disturb the gas in the tube and make it in a turbulent state, further ensuring that the gas in the tube is not stratified . At the same time, the pipelines in the gas pipeline network are connected in parallel with PE and carbon steel, which facilitates real-time monitoring of the impact of hydrogen-doped natural gas on pipelines and components of different materials during operation, and facilitates the operation of the entire system and the inspection and protection cycle. Do a reference comparison.
步骤二,在下游社区用户的特定点安装固体燃料电池,安装点的布置采用K-means算法优化布置,预将用户数分为K组,随机选取K个布置点作为初始的聚类中心,然后计算每个用户与各个布置点之间的距离,把每个用户分配给距离它最近的布置点,布置点以及分配给它们的用户就代表一个聚类,每分配一个用户,聚类的布置点会根据聚类中现有的用户被重新计算,不断重复直到社区所有用户计算完成。采用“星状-枝状”联合的分布方式,安装点采用一用一备的方式布置固体燃料电池,使固体燃料电池的数目、功率与居民用户用电 高峰期适配;Step 2: Install solid fuel cells at specific points of users in the downstream community. The arrangement of the installation points is optimized using the K-means algorithm. The number of users is pre-divided into K groups, and K points are randomly selected as the initial clustering centers, and then Calculate the distance between each user and each layout point, and assign each user to the nearest layout point. The layout points and the users assigned to them represent a cluster. Each time a user is assigned, the cluster's layout points It will be recalculated based on the existing users in the cluster, and repeat until all users in the community are calculated. The "star-branch" joint distribution method is adopted, and the solid fuel cells are arranged in a way of one use and one standby at the installation point, so that the number and power of solid fuel cells can be adapted to the peak period of residential users' electricity consumption;
步骤三,掺氢天然气在进户之前首先进入固体燃料电池,通过固体燃料电池发电入户,固体燃料电池前安装流量随动调压阀,流量随动调压阀能根据燃气流量与固体燃料电池发电量控制开度,既能满足固体燃料电池的处理压力,又能满足处理流量;控制固体燃料电池的入口压力大于2.0KPa,发电功率大于3.0KW即可。Step 3: The hydrogen-doped natural gas first enters the solid fuel cell before it enters the household, and the solid fuel cell generates electricity and enters the household. A flow-following pressure regulating valve is installed in front of the solid fuel cell. The opening of the power generation can be controlled to meet the processing pressure of the solid fuel cell and the processing flow; it is enough to control the inlet pressure of the solid fuel cell to be greater than 2.0KPa and the power generation to be greater than 3.0KW.
对比例1Comparative example 1
将控制减压阀压力设置为0.4MPa,其他参数条件与实施例1相同。The control pressure reducing valve pressure is set to 0.4MPa, and other parameter conditions are identical with embodiment 1.
对比例2Comparative example 2
将控制减压阀压力设置为8.5MPa,其他参数条件与实施例1相同。The control pressure reducing valve pressure is set to 8.5MPa, and other parameter conditions are identical with embodiment 1.
性能测试Performance Testing
按照实施例1-3和对比例1-2的控制方法,以山东省济南市的某一小区为考察对象,并与现有技术中传统的充电桩充电效果相比较,考察了安全性、稳定性等指标,如下表1所示。According to the control methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2, a certain community in Jinan City, Shandong Province was taken as the object of investigation, and compared with the charging effect of traditional charging piles in the prior art, the safety, stability and other indicators, as shown in Table 1 below.
表1 实施例1-3、对比例1-2和现有技术充电桩充电效果比较Table 1 Comparison of Charging Effects of Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-2 and the Charging Pile of the Prior Art
 the 发电效率power generation efficiency 安全性safety 稳定性stability
实施例1Example 1 90%90% 非常高very high 非常好very good
实施例2Example 2 88%88% 非常高very high 非常好very good
实施例3Example 3 85%85% 非常高very high 非常好very good
对比例1Comparative example 1 40%40% 一般generally 较差poor
对比例2Comparative example 2 35%35% 一般generally 较差poor
现有技术current technology 60%60% 一般generally 一般generally
由上可以看出,将减压阀压力控制在本申请所述范围内才可以获得最好的 供电效果。本申请的控制方法可以取得与现有技术充电方式相当的技术效果,具有重要的实践意义。It can be seen from the above that the best power supply effect can be obtained only by controlling the pressure of the pressure reducing valve within the range mentioned in this application. The control method of the present application can achieve technical effects comparable to the charging method of the prior art, and has important practical significance.
以上实施例中未尽事宜为公知技术。Matters not covered in the above embodiments are known technologies.
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本申请,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and changes may be made to the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of this application shall be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种天然气稳定掺氢控制方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:A method for controlling stable hydrogen addition to natural gas, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    步骤一,将天然气门站的掺氢天然气通过燃气管网输送到下游社区用户,所述燃气管网安装多级减压阀;Step 1, the hydrogen-doped natural gas at the natural gas gate station is transported to the downstream community users through the gas pipeline network, and the gas pipeline network is equipped with multi-stage pressure reducing valves;
    步骤二,在下游社区用户的特定点安装固体燃料电池;Step two, install solid fuel cells at specific points of downstream community users;
    步骤三,掺氢天然气在进户之前首先进入固体燃料电池,通过固体燃料电池发电入户。Step 3: The hydrogen-doped natural gas first enters the solid fuel cell before entering the home, and the solid fuel cell generates electricity and enters the home.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天然气稳定掺氢控制方法,其特征在于,步骤一中,控制减压阀压力为0.5MPa-8MPa。The method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 1, the pressure of the pressure reducing valve is controlled to be 0.5MPa-8MPa.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的天然气稳定掺氢控制方法,其特征在于,步骤一中,多级减压阀设置方式为:比例式减压阀与稳定式减压阀串联应用,首先根据入口压力按比例调整出口压力,然后进入稳定式减压阀将压力降到设定数值。The method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step 1, the setting method of the multi-stage pressure reducing valve is: the proportional pressure reducing valve and the stable pressure reducing valve are used in series, and first according to the inlet pressure according to Proportionally adjust the outlet pressure, and then enter the stable pressure reducing valve to reduce the pressure to the set value.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的天然气稳定掺氢控制方法,其特征在于,步骤一中,天然气门站的掺氢天然气可以来源于上游管道,也可在门站就地掺入氢气,天然气门站出站气体含氢量为5%-20%,进入燃气输送管道的氢气量由管道中天然气的量动态控制,掺氢比例为该工况下的额定值。The method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 1, the hydrogen-doped natural gas at the natural gas gate station can come from the upstream pipeline, or can be mixed with hydrogen at the gate station, and the natural gas gate station The hydrogen content of station gas is 5%-20%. The amount of hydrogen entering the gas transmission pipeline is dynamically controlled by the amount of natural gas in the pipeline. The hydrogen doping ratio is the rated value under this working condition.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的天然气稳定掺氢控制方法,其特征在于,步骤一中,门站就地掺氢装置通过内置的逻辑控制系统,能够根据下游进入燃气管道的天然气量,以额定掺氢比,控制掺混如燃气管网的氢气的量,并均匀混合好天然气和氢气。According to claim 1, the method for controlling stable hydrogen doping of natural gas is characterized in that, in step 1, the on-site hydrogen doping device at the gate station can do hydrogen doping at a rated rate according to the amount of natural gas entering the gas pipeline downstream through the built-in logic control system. Ratio, control the amount of hydrogen blended like a gas pipeline network, and mix natural gas and hydrogen evenly.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的天然气稳定掺氢控制方法,其特征在于,步骤一中,部分地上燃气管道采用多材质并联形式。The method for controlling the stable hydrogen doping of natural gas according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, part of the above-ground gas pipelines are connected in parallel with multiple materials.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的天然气稳定掺氢控制方法,其特征在于,步骤二中,安装点的布置采用K-means算法优化布置,采用“星状-枝状”联合的分布方式,且安装点应采用一用一备的方式布置固体燃料电池。According to claim 1, the natural gas stable hydrogen addition control method is characterized in that, in step 2, the arrangement of the installation points adopts the K-means algorithm to optimize the arrangement, adopts the "star-branch" joint distribution method, and the installation points Solid fuel cells should be arranged in a one-use-one-standby manner.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的天然气稳定掺氢控制方法,其特征在于,步骤三中,固体燃料电池前安装流量随动调压阀,流量随动调压阀能根据燃气流量与固体燃料电池发电量控制开度。The method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, a flow-following pressure regulating valve is installed in front of the solid fuel cell, and the flow-following pressure regulating valve can be used according to the gas flow rate and the power generation capacity of the solid fuel cell Control the opening.
  9. 权利要求1-8任一项所述天然气稳定掺氢控制方法在燃料电池充电桩方面的应用。The application of the control method for stabilizing hydrogen addition to natural gas according to any one of claims 1-8 in fuel cell charging piles.
  10. 权利要求1-8任一项所述天然气稳定掺氢控制方法在城市供电方面的应用。The application of the method for controlling the stable hydrogen addition of natural gas according to any one of claims 1-8 in urban power supply.
PCT/CN2022/074352 2021-06-17 2022-01-27 Stable hydrogen-doped natural gas control method and application WO2022262286A1 (en)

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