WO2022252701A1 - 一种三相电力系统相间短路的处理方法 - Google Patents
一种三相电力系统相间短路的处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022252701A1 WO2022252701A1 PCT/CN2022/077126 CN2022077126W WO2022252701A1 WO 2022252701 A1 WO2022252701 A1 WO 2022252701A1 CN 2022077126 W CN2022077126 W CN 2022077126W WO 2022252701 A1 WO2022252701 A1 WO 2022252701A1
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013024 troubleshooting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/083—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for three-phase systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of power system protection, in particular to a method for processing short circuits between phases in a three-phase power system.
- phase-to-phase short circuit occurs in a certain line of a three-phase power system
- the method of reclosing is adopted: first cut off the first circuit breaker on the line and then close the first circuit breaker, If it is an instantaneous phase-to-phase short circuit and it is eliminated after closing the first circuit breaker, the normal power supply will continue. If the phase-to-phase short-circuit fault still exists after closing the first circuit breaker, cut off the first circuit breaker and wait for maintenance.
- Adopt the time-level difference coordination method that is, the same line circuit breaker sets different over-current tripping times according to the distance from the power supply. The closer the distance to the power supply, the longer the tripping time.
- the setting level difference is 100ms. This time is determined by the mechanical switch. The action duration is determined by the time spent on the algorithm. This method can isolate the fault area. However, for faults where the fault point is close to the power supply, the power supply system can withstand short-circuit current for a long time and have a large impact on the power grid. 3. Trip the first circuit breaker for over-current first, then finally trip the load switch without current (other load switches are in the closed state), then reclose the first circuit breaker, if a fault occurs, the last load switch If the load switch is below the switch, the fault can be eliminated. Otherwise, there will still be a fault current after the first circuit breaker is reclosed. The circuit breaker is reclosed again.
- phase-to-phase short circuit occurs between the penultimate load switch and the last load switch, the fault can be eliminated.
- the power supply system is repeatedly subjected to large short-circuit current impacts. If the number of times is too high, it will cause damage to the line, and it will take a long time to troubleshoot the line. 4.
- Circuit breakers with fault current tripping capability are configured on the line. When a fault occurs, all circuit breakers are set to overcurrent tripping, and then the first circuit breaker starts to close. If there is no overcurrent, it will be closed after a certain period of time. The first circuit breaker trips when there is overcurrent, and the fault is eliminated.
- the first circuit breaker closes successfully, it will block the overcurrent trip for a period of time. During this period, the second circuit breaker will close. Since the first circuit breaker has been blocked by overcurrent, the second circuit breaker There is an overcurrent trip, and the fault is eliminated. If there is no overcurrent, then close the next one, and so on.
- This solution requires each circuit breaker to have the ability to cut off large currents, which has high requirements for circuit breakers, high manufacturing costs, complex logic, and relatively long self-healing time. Therefore, the existing inter-phase short-circuit treatment methods all have the disadvantages of taking a long time to deal with the fault, having a large impact on the system, and requiring a high ability of the switch to cut off a large current.
- invention patent application 2020114536325 and invention patent application 2020114536310 disclose two methods for dealing with phase-to-phase short circuit.
- a detection circuit including the faulty phase and phase-to-phase short circuit fault point is artificially constructed, and the switch on the detection circuit is used to detect the current.
- the pulse number or duration information triggers the trip to cut off the purpose of the fault point.
- This method does not carry out partition protection. First, the first circuit breaker must be tripped, so that users on the entire line will be affected, and the blackout area will be large. Reduce switching costs.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for phase-to-phase short-circuit in a three-phase power system, which can not only effectively eliminate phase-to-phase short-circuit faults, but also reduce the blackout area, and at the same time reduce the use of high-current cut-off switches, thereby effectively reducing switching costs.
- the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a method for dealing with phase-to-phase short circuit in a three-phase power system, in which a number of partition switches are arranged on the line, and the several partition switches divide the line into several protection areas, and in the protection area there are Several sub-section switches; when a phase-to-phase short-circuit fault occurs in the line, the power inlet partition switch in the protection zone where the phase-to-phase short-circuit fault point is located jumps off at least one fault phase to cut off the fault current, and then uses the phase-to-phase short-circuit fault point to the electric energy
- the two faulty phase conductors between the entrance section switches and the phase-to-phase short-circuit fault point construct a detection circuit and inject a controllable current into the detection circuit, and the section switch detects the controllable current and trips according to preset conditions
- the preset condition causes the section switch close to the electric energy inlet partition switch to
- the line is divided into several protection areas. If a phase-to-phase short circuit occurs in a certain protection area, only the partition switch in this protection area is required to cut off the fault current, so that the previous protection area does not need to be powered off, thereby effectively reducing the power outage area.
- the artificially constructed circuit includes a phase-to-phase short-circuit fault point and two faulty phase conductors, so that after the segment switch in the protection zone is cut off according to the preset number of current pulses or current duration, the fault can be discharged. At the same time, this technical solution distinguishes partition switches and segment switches.
- the partition switches cut off the large current of short circuit, while the segment switches play the role of cutting off in the constructed detection circuit, because the detection circuit injects controllable current. That is, a controllable small current signal, so that the segment switch only needs to have the ability to cut off a small current, and the requirements for cutting performance are greatly reduced, thereby effectively reducing the switching cost.
- controllable current is generated using electric energy of the three-phase power system.
- the electric energy inlet partition switch jumps off at least one faulty phase to cut off the fault current and maintain the conduction of another faulty phase, and then connects the skipped faulty phase from the electric energy inlet partition
- the lower port of the switch is connected to the ground or the common conductor, and then the live phase except the faulty phase that maintains the conduction is connected to the ground or the common conductor at the upper port of the electric energy inlet partition switch or the three-phase power system is connected
- the neutral point is connected to earth or common conductor to generate said controllable current.
- the above scheme provides a specific method for manufacturing a detection circuit by using the electric energy of the three-phase power system.
- a signal generating switch and a current limiting resistor are provided between the bus bar or neutral point of the three-phase power system and the earth, and the signal generating switch is connected and disconnected to the earth or the common wire in a cycle to generate current pulses , the section switch trips according to the preset number of current pulses, and the number of current pulses that trigger tripping of the section switch close to the electric energy inlet partition switch is more than the current that triggers trip of the section switch far away from the electric energy entrance partition switch The number of pulses; or the signal generating switch is continuously connected to the ground or the common wire to generate a continuous current, the section switch trips according to the preset current duration, and the section switch close to the electric energy inlet partition switch triggers the tripping current The duration is longer than the current duration for tripping by a section switch far away from the electric energy inlet partition switch.
- the above solution further provides how to construct a detection circuit and limit the current through the current limiting resistor, so as to obtain a controllable current with a small current value.
- a current pulse signal or a continuous current signal can be generated for the section switch to detect and trip according to preset conditions.
- a differential protection system is provided on the protection zone, and when a phase-to-phase short-circuit fault occurs, the differential protection system sends a control signal to make the electric energy inlet partition switch trip at least one faulty phase to cut off the fault current.
- the maintaining another faulty phase conduction includes turning on the other faulty phase after disconnecting the other faulty phase, or turning on the other faulty phase without disconnecting the other faulty phase.
- the step of connecting a tripped fault phase from the lower port of the electric energy inlet partition switch to the ground or the common conductor includes using the electric energy inlet partition switch to disconnect the tripped fault phase, Connect the tripped fault phase with the ground or the common wire from the lower port of the electric energy entrance partition switch by using the electric energy entrance partition switch, or disconnect the tripped fault phase by using the electric energy entrance partition switch , and then connect the tripped fault phase from the lower port of the electric energy inlet partition switch to the earth or the common wire through another switch.
- the above scheme provides the function of the power inlet partition switch to trip the faulty phase and ground the lower port of a faulty phase or the common wire, or the power inlet partition switch only has the function of tripping, and realizes the grounding or common wire function through another switch.
- the signal generation switch is a one-phase thyristor or two-phase independent thyristors or three-phase independent thyristors;
- the current limiting resistor is an adjustable resistor or a resistor selector, or a resistor with a fixed resistance.
- the above scheme uses thyristor as a signal generating switch, which has the advantages of precise and timely control.
- the adjustable resistor or resistor selector is convenient to determine the resistance value according to the actual situation, and can better control the current size.
- Fixed resistance has the characteristics of practicality and convenience. For example, by using a resistance of more than 100 ohms, the current value of the controllable current of a 10kV three-phase power system can generally be controlled below 100 amperes, so that the section switch is easy to cut off Current, low performance requirements for segmental switches, effectively reducing costs.
- the current signal is generated by a power source other than the power source of the three-phase power system.
- an external power supply can be used to construct the detection circuit, so that the construction of the detection circuit has more choices.
- the current signal is a current pulse, the electric energy inlet partition switch and the section switch trip according to a preset number of current pulses, and the number of current pulses at which the section switch close to the electric energy entrance partition switch triggers tripping
- the number of current pulses that trigger tripping is greater than that of the section switch far away from the electric energy entrance partition switch; or the current signal is a continuous current, and the electric energy entrance partition switch and the section switch trip according to a preset current duration,
- the tripping current duration of the section switch close to the electric energy entrance partition switch is longer than the tripping current duration of the section switch far away from the electric energy entrance partition switch.
- the setting rules of the preset conditions are given for the number of current pulses and the current duration. This setting can ensure that the nearest upstream of the phase-to-phase short-circuit fault point (the side close to the power supply is the upstream, and the side far away from the power supply is the upstream). Downstream) sub-section switch tripping, so that the troubleshooting of the fault point is more accurate.
- the current-limiting resistor is a resistor with a fixed resistance value, and the fixed resistance value is determined according to the load current of the segment switch with the smallest load current among all the segment switches in the three-phase power system.
- an optimal strategy for determining a fixed resistance resistor is given, that is, according to the segment switch with the smallest load current among all segment switches in the power system, the resistance is determined according to the minimum load current, so that the current of the controllable current A switch whose value will not exceed this minimum current load will certainly not exceed the load current of the other segmented switches.
- the signal generating switch is a two-phase independent thyristor or a three-phase independent thyristor, and the thyristors are first connected in parallel and then connected in series with the current limiting resistor.
- the present invention constructs a detection circuit through interphase short-circuit fault point and two faulty phase wires and the earth or common wire, and can use the system's own power supply or external power supply to inject intermittent current pulses or continuous current into the detection circuit, and then use different
- the segment switch detects different numbers of current pulses or currents of different durations, which can accurately cut off the segment switch closest to the fault point so as to eliminate the fault point.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relevant structure of the three-phase power system in the present invention.
- Partition switch 2 has a large current cut-off function, which can cut off the short-circuit current.
- the partition switch 2 divides the line 1 into several protection areas 3 , and for a certain protection area 3 , the partition switch 2 located at the entrance of electric energy is a partition switch of electric energy entrance.
- each protection zone 3 can be protected by means of differential protection through a differential protection system (not shown in the figure), and the differential protection system judges whether the current flowing in and out of a certain protection zone 3 are equal or not And when the threshold is exceeded, it indicates that a fault such as a phase-to-phase short circuit occurs, that is, the electric energy inlet partition switch 2 is tripped to cut off the current.
- the differential protection method is an existing technology, and will not be repeated here.
- the power inlet partition switch 2 of the protection area can be tripped to cut off the fault current (two-phase short circuit can trip the corresponding one or two phases, Three-phase short circuit can trip the corresponding two phases or three phases), but the partition switch 2 of the previous protection zone of this protection zone does not trip, then the previous protection zone will not be powered off, so that the power failure area can be refined and reduced blackout area.
- controllable Current refers to the current whose current value is within the expected range through loop control, especially the current whose current value is small and can be easily cut off by the segment switch, such as the current value is less than 50 amperes.
- the section switch 4 has the function of detecting the controllable current and cutting off the current according to the preset conditions.
- the section switch 4 can detect the number of current pulses, and the last section switch 4 in the protection zone is set to detect a The current pulse is tripping, and the upper (second to last) segment switch is set to detect two current pulses before tripping, and the upper segment switch is set to detect three pulses before tripping, and so on. It is possible to cut off the nearest segment switch upstream of the phase-to-phase short-circuit fault point, so as to accurately eliminate the fault.
- the segment switch 4 can play a role, and the upstream section switch most adjacent to the fault point is tripped.
- the function of the section switch to detect current pulse or current duration will not conflict with the current in normal operation of the power system. Only after a phase-to-phase short circuit fault occurs, the section switch will enter the detection role.
- it is also possible to consider setting other conditions except current pulse or current duration. The principle of setting is still to make the section switch 4 close to the electric energy entrance partition switch 2 trip later than the section switch 4 far away from the electric energy entrance partition switch 2. In this way, faults can be accurately removed.
- the electric energy of the three-phase power system is used to generate the above-mentioned controllable current, and the specific method is as follows: when a phase-to-phase short circuit fault occurs, the electric energy inlet partition switch 2 jumps a faulty phase (this is for a two-phase short circuit, if it is Three-phase short circuit jumps off two faulty phases) to cut off the fault current, and maintains another faulty phase conduction (maintaining conduction includes not jumping off from the beginning but always conducting, or jumping off the partition switch 2 of this phase first , and then re-conduct the phase through the parallel switch 6), and then connect a faulty phase that has been tripped to the ground or the common wire from the lower port of the power inlet partition switch 2, and then connect the faulty phases that are not kept on
- the external live phase (it can be the switch catch of the faulty phase that has been tripped, or it can be the phase that has not failed, both of which are live phases) is connected to the ground or the earth or
- a single-pole double-throw switch can be selected as the partition switch 2.
- the partition switch 2 For example, for a single-pole double-throw switch with a moving contact and a static contact, one of the static contacts The contact is connected to the power side wire, the moving contact is connected to the load side wire, and the other static contact is connected to the ground or common wire.
- This partition switch can connect the phase to the ground or the common wire at the lower port of the partition switch 2 after tripping the faulty phase (for the content of using the single-pole double-throw switch to trip and then connect to the earth, refer to the invention patent application 2020115729274 and the invention patent Application 2021104982574, the relevant content is incorporated into this patent as the disclosed content). It is also possible to use an independent switch 9 to connect the phase from the lower port of the partition switch 2 to the ground or to connect the common wire.
- One of the static contacts is connected to the power side conductor, the movable contact is connected to the load side conductor, and the other static contact is connected to the ground or the common conductor.
- a signal generating switch 5 and a current limiting resistor 7 are arranged between the bus bar or neutral point of the three-phase power system and the earth.
- the signal generating switch 5 cycles a live phase to ground and disconnects to generate current pulses.
- the section switch 4 according to The preset number of current pulses trips, and the number of current pulses triggered by the tripping of the section switch 4 close to the electric energy inlet partition switch 2 is greater than the number of current pulses triggered by the trip of the section switch 4 far away from the electric energy inlet partition switch 2; Or the signal generation switch is continuously grounded to generate a continuous current, and the section switch trips according to the preset current duration, and the current duration of the tripping of the section switch 4 close to the electric energy inlet partition switch 2 is longer than that of the branch switch 2 far away from the electric energy inlet partition switch 2 The duration of the current for tripping by segment switch 4.
- the signal generating switch 5 is a one-phase thyristor or two-phase independent thyristor or three-phase independent thyristor;
- the current-limiting resistor 7 is an adjustable resistor or a resistor selector (for the structure of the resistor selector, please refer to the practical New patent 2021202920032, the relevant content is introduced into the present invention as the content disclosed in this specific embodiment).
- Thyristors are used as signal generating switches, which have the advantages of precise and timely control.
- an external independent power supply is selected to form a detection circuit with the phase-to-phase short-circuit fault point and the corresponding fault phase conductor.
- the independent power supply can be a low-voltage power supply.
- the current value can be generated even if the current-limiting resistor is not connected in series. Controllable and controllable current, so that the current pulse or current duration is detected by the section switch and tripped according to preset conditions.
- the partition switch 2 adopts a three-phase independent single-pole double-throw switch.
- a phase-to-phase short-circuit fault occurs, the corresponding two fault phases will be disconnected, and the fault phase will be connected to an independent power source to generate a controllable Current, a signal generating switch can be connected in series in the detection circuit to generate a current pulse or a continuous current, or an independent power supply itself can send out a current pulse and be detected by a segment switch.
- a fixed resistor is directly connected in series in the detection circuit, and the resistance value is not less than 100 ohms. At this time, a controllable current with a current value of tens of amperes will be generated, which is segmented Switch 4 detects and easily removes fault points.
- the signal generating switch is a two-phase independent thyristor or a three-phase independent thyristor
- the thyristors are first connected in parallel and then connected in series with the current limiting resistor 7 .
- the conductor of the skipped phase when constructing the detection circuit, can be connected to the ground at the lower port of the partition switch 2, and at the same time, the signal generating switch 5 is also connected to the ground, so that a closed detection circuit is formed through the ground and current is generated. If the common wire is connected by jumping, the signal generating switch is also connected to the common wire, so that a closed detection loop is also formed. In fact, the earth is a good conductor and can be used as a common wire.
- the power entrance partition switch 2 of the first protection zone can be connected to the common wire, and the signal generating switch can also be connected to the common wire, which is convenient for installation in the screen cabinet environment, and then the common wire is grounded, and the line Because the partition switches in other protection areas on the ground are far away from the screen cabinet, they can be connected to the ground by jumping off, because the common wire is also grounded, so that a closed loop for detection can still be formed with the earth as the wire.
- the method is fully feasible through experiments in a three-phase power system.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种三相电力系统相间短路的处理方法，在线路上设有若干分区开关，若干分区开关将线路分成若干保护区，在保护区内设有若干分段开关；当线路发生相间短路故障时，电能入口分区开关切断故障电流，然后构造包括相间短路故障点和故障相的检测回路并注入可控电流，分段开关检测所述可控电流并根据预设条件跳闸从而切除相间短路故障。该方法不仅能够有效切除相间短路故障，而且能够缩小停电面积，同时还可以减少大电流切断开关的使用，从而有效降低开关成本。
Description
本发明涉及电力系统保护领域，具体涉及一种三相电力系统相间短路的处理方法。
目前，针对三相电力系统某一线路发生相间短路时，通常采用如下处理方法：1、采用重合闸的方式：首先切断该线路上的第一把断路器然后再闭合该第一把断路器，如果是瞬时性相间短路，并在闭合第一把断路器后即消除，则继续正常供电。如果在闭合第一把断路器后该相间短路故障仍然存在，则切断第一把断路器等待检修。2、采用时间上的级差配合方法：即同一线路断路器按照与电源的距离不同，整定不同过流跳闸时间，距离电源越近跳闸时间越长，一般整定级差为100ms，这个时间由开关的机械动作时长和算法耗费时间决定，这种方法可以将故障区域隔离，但是对于故障点离电源近的故障，供电系统耐受短路电流时间长，对电网的冲击大。3、将第一把断路器过流先跳开，然后最末把负荷开关无电流跳开（其他负荷开关在合闸状态），接着将第一把断路器重合，如果故障发生最末把负荷开关以下，则可以排除故障，否则第一把断路器重合后仍然有故障电流，此时第一把断路器过流再跳开，然后倒数第二把负荷开关无电流跳开，然后第一把断路器再次重合闸，如果相间短路发生在倒数第二把负荷开关和最末把负荷开关之间，则可以排除故障。以此类推，依次向上在无电流下切断负荷开关，直到将故障排除。但是在此操作过程中，供电系统反复经受大的短路电流冲击，如果次数过多，则会对线路造成损害，另外线路排除故障时间也很长。4、线路上都配置具有故障电流跳开能力的断路器，故障发生时将所有断路器设置为过流跳开，然后从第一把断路器开始合闸，无过流则延时一定时间闭合第一把断路器，有过流则跳开，故障排除。如果第一把断路器合闸成功，则闭锁一段时间的过流跳闸，在这段时间里第二把断路器合闸，由于第一把断流器已经过流闭锁，第二把断路器则有过流跳开，故障排除。如果无过流则接着闭合下一把，以此类推。这个方案要求每把断路器都需要具有切断大电流的能力，对断路器要求高，制造成本也高，同时逻辑复杂，自愈时间也比较长。所以，现有的相间短路处理方法均存在处理故障耗时长，对系统冲击大，对开关切断大电流的能力要求高。发明专利申请2020114536325和发明专利申请2020114536310公开了两种处理相间短路的方法，在发生相间短路时，通过人为构造包括故障相和相间短路故障点的检测回路，并利用检测回路上的开关检测电流的脉冲数或时长信息触发跳闸从而切断故障点的目的。这种方法没有进行分区保护，首先要使第一把断路器跳闸，从而整条线路上的用户都会受到影响，停电面积大，此外，该方法也没有明确提出如何减少切断大电流开关的使用从而降低开关成本。
本发明的目的是提供一种三相电力系统相间短路的方法，该方法不仅能够有效切除相间短路故障，而且能够缩小停电面积，同时还可以减少大电流切断开关的使用，从而有效降低开关成本。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采取如下技术方案：一种三相电力系统相间短路的处理方法，在线路上设有若干分区开关，所述若干分区开关将线路分成若干保护区，在保护区内设有若干分段开关；当所述线路发生相间短路故障时，相间短路故障点所在保护区的电能入口分区开关跳开至少一故障相以切断故障电流，然后利用所述相间短路故障点至所述电能入口分区开关之间的两故障相导线和所述相间短路故障点构造一检测回路并向所述检测回路中注入可控电流，所述分段开关检测所述可控电流并根据预设条件跳闸从而切除相间短路故障，所述预设条件使靠近所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关晚于远离所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关跳闸。
上述方案中，将线路分成若干保护区，某一保护区发生相间短路，只需要该保护区的分区开关切断故障电流，这样上一保护区则不需要停电，从而有效缩小停电面积。而且人为构造的回路包括相间短路故障点和两条故障相导线，这样保护区内的分段开关根据预设的电流脉冲数或电流时长等信息切断后，即可以排出故障。同时，本技术方案区分分区开关和分段开关，分区开关针对短路的大电流进行切断，而分段开关则是在构造的检测回路中发挥切断作用，因为检测回路中注入的是可控电流，即是可控的小电流信号，这样分段开关只需要具有切断小电流的能力即可，对切断性能要求大大降低，从而有效降低了开关成本。
优选的，利用所述三相电力系统的电能产生所述可控电流。
上述方案直接利用三相电力系统自身的电能，简化了检测回路构造的复杂性。
优选的，当发生相间短路故障时，所述电能入口分区开关跳开至少一故障相以切断故障电流并维持另一故障相导通，然后将已跳开的一故障相从所述电能入口分区开关的下口与大地或公共导线相连，然后将除维持导通的故障相外的一带电相在所述电能入口分区开关的上口与大地或公共导线相连或者将所述三相电力系统的中性点与大地或公共导线相连以产生所述可控电流。
上述方案给出了利用三相电力系统的电能制造检测回路的具体方法。
进一步优选的，在所述三相电力系统的母线或中性点与大地之间设有信号发生开关和限流电阻，所述信号发生开关与大地或公共导线循环连接和断开以产生电流脉冲，所述分段开关根据预设的电流脉冲数跳闸，并且靠近所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关触发跳闸的电流脉冲数多于远离所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关触发跳闸的电流脉冲数；或者所述信号发生开关持续与大地或公共导线相连以产生持续电流，所述分段开关根据预设的电流时长跳闸，并且靠近所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关触发跳闸的电流时长长于远离所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关触发跳闸的电流时长。
上述方案进一步给出了如何构造一个检测回路并通过限流电阻进行限流，从而得到电流值小的可控电流。同时，通过信号发生开关循环间歇接地（或公共导线）或持续接地，得以产生电流脉冲信号或持续电流信号，以便供分段开关检测并根据预设条件跳闸。
优选的，在所述保护区上设置差动保护系统，当发生相间短路故障时，差动保护系统发出控制信号，使所述电能入口分区开关跳开至少一故障相以切断故障电流。
上述方案给出了通过差动保护的方式使电能入口分区开关切断故障电流。
优选的，所述维持另一故障相导通，包括断开该另一故障相后又导通该另一故障相，或者不断开该另一故障相从而自始导通。
上述方案给出了两种具体的维持导通方式。
优选的，所述将已跳开的一故障相从所述电能入口分区开关的下口与大地或公共导线相连，包括利用所述电能入口分区开关在断开该已跳开的故障相后，利用该所述电能入口分区开关将该已跳开的故障相从所述电能入口分区开关的下口与大地或公共导线相连，或者利用所述电能入口分区开关断开该已跳开的故障相，然后通过另一开关将该已跳开的故障相从所述电能入口分区开关的下口与大地或公共导线相连。
上述方案给出了电能入口分区开关跳开故障相并使一故障相下口接地或公共导线的功能，或者电能入口分区开关仅具有跳开功能，而通过另一开关实现接地或公共导线功能。
优选的，所述信号发生开关为一相晶闸管或两相独立的晶闸管或三相独立的晶闸管；所述限流电阻为可调电阻或电阻选择器，或者为固定阻值的电阻。
上述方案采用晶闸管作为信号发生开关，具有控制精准、及时的优点。可调电阻或电阻选择器便于根据实际情况确定电阻值，可以更好调控电流大小。固定阻值具有实用方便的特点，例如，通过使用阻值在100欧姆以上的电阻，一般可以将10kV三相电力系统的可控电流的电流值控制在100安培以下，使分段开关很容易切断电流，对分段开关的性能要求低，有效降低成本。
优选的，利用所述三相电力系统的电源之外的电源产生所述电流信号。
上述方案中，可以采用外部电源构造检测回路，使检测回路的构造具有更多选择。
优选的，所述电流信号为电流脉冲，所述电能入口分区开关和所述分段开关根据预设的电流脉冲数跳闸，并且靠近所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关触发跳闸的电流脉冲数多于远离所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关触发跳闸的电流脉冲数；或者所述电流信号为持续的电流，所述电能入口分区开关和所述分段开关根据预设的电流时长跳闸，并且靠近所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关触发跳闸的电流时长长于远离所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关触发跳闸的电流时长。
上述方案中，针对电流脉冲数和电流时长给出了预设条件的设置规则，这种设置能够保证使相间短路故障点最临近的上游（靠近电源的一侧为上游，远离电源的一侧为下游）分段开关跳闸，使故障点的排除更精准。
优选的，所述限流电阻为固定阻值的电阻，并且按所述三相电力系统中所有分段开关中负载电流最小的分段开关的负载电流确定所述固定阻值。
上述方案中，给出了确定固定阻值电阻的一个优选策略，即根据该电力系统中所有分段开关中负载电流最小的分段开关，根据该最小负载电流确定电阻，这样可控电流的电流值不会超过该最小电流负载的开关，当然也不会超过其他分段开关的负载电流。
优选的，所述信号发生开关为两相独立的晶闸管或三相独立的晶闸管，所述晶闸管先并联再串入所述限流电阻。
上述方案给出了一种具体的连接限流电阻的优选方法，结构简洁实用。
本发明通过相间短路故障点和两条故障相导线与大地或公共导线构造检测回路，可以利用系统自身电源或外界电源向检测回路中注入间断循环的电流脉冲或持续的电流，然后利用不同的分段开关检测不同数目的电流脉冲或不同时长的电流，可以准确地使故障点最近的分段开关切断从而排除故障点。
图1是本发明中三相电力系统相关结构示意图。
下面结合附图，通过具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明：如图1所示，在一个三相电力系统的三条线路1上分布若干分区开关2，发生相间短路时会产生几千安培的大电流，分区开关2具有大电流切断功能，能够切断短路电流。分区开关2将线路1分成若干保护区3，针对某一个保护区3而言，位于电能入口的分区开关2为电能入口分区开关。在保护区3内设有若干分段开关4，分段开关4允许使用小电流切断开关，如切断50安培电流的开关等，这样对分段开关的性能要求低，可以降低成本。每个保护区3可以通过差动保护系统（图中未示出）利用差动保护的方式提供保护，差动保护系统判断某一个保护区3内流入的电流和流出的电流是否相等，不相等并超出阈值时说明发生相间短路等故障，即跳开电能入口分区开关2以切断电流。差动保护方法为现有技术，此处不再赘述。通过使用差动保护等技术，在某一个保护区内发生相间短路时，可以使该保护区的电能入口分区开关2跳闸以切断故障电流（两相短路可以跳开相应的一相或两相，三相短路可以跳开相应两相或三相），但是该保护区的上一个保护区的分区开关2不跳闸，则该上一个保护区不会停电，这样可以将停电区域细化，减小停电面积。在电能入口分区开关2跳开后，人为构造一个包括相间短路故障点、相间短路故障点到该保护区电能入口分区开关2之间故障相导线的检测回路，并向该检测回路中注入可控电流，可控电流指通过回路控制使电流值在预期范围内的电流，尤指电流值较小，能够被分段开关容易切断的电流，比如电流值小于50安培。分段开关4具有检测可控电流并根据预设条件切断电流的功能，例如，分段开关4可以检测电流脉冲的个数，并且保护区内最末位的分段开关4设置为检测到一个电流脉冲即跳闸，其上（倒数第二位）一个分段开关设置为检测两个电流脉冲数再跳闸，再上一个分段开关设置为检测到三个脉冲数再跳闸，以此类推，这样就能够切断相间短路故障点上游最邻近的分段开关，从而精准排除故障。类似的，还可以使分段开关检测电流时长，并且最末位分段开关检测的电流时长最短（如0ms），然后向上的分段开关触发跳闸的电流时长依次延长（如依次递增100ms），这样当检测回路中产生持续的电流时分段开关4即可发挥作用，并且是故障点最相邻的上游分段开关跳闸。当然，分段开关检测电流脉冲或电流时长的功能，不会与电力系统正常工作时的电流相冲突，只有在发生相间短路故障后，分段开关才会进入到检测角色中。当然还可以考虑设置除电流脉冲或电流时长外的其他条件，设置的原则仍然是使靠近电能入口分区开关2的分段开关4晚于远离所述电能入口分区开关2的分段开关4跳闸，这样即能精准切除故障。
在一个优选实施例中，利用三相电力系统的电能产生上述可控电流，具体做法如下：当发生相间短路故障时，电能入口分区开关2跳开一条故障相（此针对两相短路，若为三相短路则跳开两条故障相）以切断故障电流，并维持另一故障相导通（维持导通包括自始不跳开而一直导通，也可以先跳开该相的分区开关2，然后再通过并联的开关6将该相重新导通），然后将已跳开的一故障相从电能入口分区开关2的下口与大地或公共导线相连，然后将除维持导通的故障相外的一带电相（既可以是已跳开的故障相的开关上口，也可以是未出现故障的相别，这两种情况都是带电相）在电能入口分区开关的上口与大地或公共导线相连，或者将所述三相电力系统的中性点（也是带电的）与大地或公共导线相连以产生所述可控电流，这样就构造出了一个检测回路。在实现跳开一相后并使该相在开关下口接地的操作时，可以选用单刀双掷开关作为分区开关2，如对于采用动触头和静触头的单刀双掷开关，其中一个静触点接电源侧导线，动触点接负载侧导线，另一个静触点接大地或公共导线。这种分区开关在跳开故障相后就可以使该相在分区开关2的下口接大地或公用导线（关于采用单刀双掷开关跳开后接大地的内容，参见发明专利申请2020115729274和发明专利申请2021104982574，相关内容引入本专利作为公开的内容）。还可以用一个独立的开关9将该相从分区开关2的下口接大地或接公用导线。其中一个静触点接电源侧导线，动触点接负载侧导线，另一个静触点接大地或公共导线。在三相电力系统的母线或中性点与大地之间设有信号发生开关5和限流电阻7，信号发生开关5将一个带电相循环接地和断开以产生电流脉冲，分段开关4根据预设的电流脉冲数跳闸，并且靠近所述电能入口分区开关2的分段开关4触发跳闸的电流脉冲数多于远离所述电能入口分区开关2的分段开关4触发跳闸的电流脉冲数；或者信号发生开关持续接地以产生持续电流，所述分段开关根据预设的电流时长跳闸，并且靠近电能入口分区开关2的分段开关4触发跳闸的电流时长长于远离电能入口分区开关2的分段开关4触发跳闸的电流时长。关于构造检测回路的具体方式，可以参考发明专利申请2020114536325和发明专利申请2020114536310，相关内容引入本发明作为本具体实施方式公开的内容。
在优选实施例中，信号发生开关5为一相晶闸管或两相独立的晶闸管或三相独立的晶闸管；限流电阻7为可调电阻或电阻选择器（关于电阻选择器的结构，可以参考实用新型专利2021202920032，相关内容引入本发明作为本具体实施方式公开的内容）。采用晶闸管作为信号发生开关，具有控制精准、及时的优点。
在另一个优选实施例中，选用一个外界独立电源并与相间短路故障点和相应故障相导线组成检测回路，独立电源可以选用低电压电源，此时即使不串入限流电阻也可以产生电流值可控的可控电流，从而被分段开关检测到电流脉冲或电流时长，并根据预设条件跳闸。例如，在一个实施例中，分区开关2采用三相独立的单刀双掷开关，如果发生相间短路故障，则跳开相应的两个故障相，并且将该故障相与独立电源相连以产生可控电流，在该检测回路中可以串入信号发生开关以产生电流脉冲或持续电流，还可以是独立电源本身发出电流脉冲并被分段开关检测。
在一个实施例中，针对10kV电力系统，检测回路中直接串入固定电阻，并且阻值不不小于100欧姆，这时就会产生一个电流值为几十安培的可控电流，从而被分段开关4检测并很容易切除故障点。
如果信号发生开关为两相独立的晶闸管或三相独立的晶闸管，所述晶闸管先并联再串入所述限流电阻7。
上述实施例中，关于构造除的检测回路能够切除相间短路故障点的原理及操作细节，可以参考发明专利申请2020114536325和发明专利申请2020114536310，相关内容引入本发明作为本具体实施方式公开的内容。关于分段开关4跳闸的预设条件，针对电流脉冲数的情况，可以参考发明专利申请2020115174849，该发明专利申请给出了优化的设置方法，相关内容引入本发明，作为具体实施方式公开的内容。
上述实施例中，构造检测回路时，可以将跳开相的导线在分区开关2下口接大地，同时将信号发生开关5也接大地，这样通过大地形成闭合的检测回路并产生电流。如果跳开相接公共导线，则信号发生开关也接公共导线，这样同样形成闭合的检测回路。实际上，大地就是一个良好的导体，可以作为公共导线使用。在屏柜环境下，可以将第一个保护区的电能入口分区开关2接公共导线，信号发生开关也接该公共导线，这样便于屏柜环境下的安装，然后将该公共导线接地，而线路上的其他保护区的分区开关因为距离屏柜较远，则可以将跳开相接大地，因为公共导线也接地，这样以地球为导线仍可以形成检测用的闭合回路。
上述实施例只是对本发明构思和实现的说明，并非对其进行限制，在本发明构思下，未经实质变换的技术方案仍然在保护范围内。
通过在三相电力系统中进行实验，本方法完全可行。
Claims (12)
- 一种三相电力系统相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，在线路上设有若干分区开关，所述若干分区开关将线路分成若干保护区，在保护区内设有若干分段开关；当所述线路发生相间短路故障时，相间短路故障点所在保护区的电能入口分区开关切断故障电流，然后利用所述相间短路故障点至所述电能入口分区开关之间的两故障相导线和所述相间短路故障点构造一检测回路并向所述检测回路中注入可控电流，所述分段开关检测所述可控电流并根据预设条件跳闸从而切除相间短路故障，所述预设条件使靠近所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关晚于远离所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关跳闸。
- 如权利要求1所述的三相电力系统相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，利用所述三相电力系统的电能产生所述可控电流。
- 如权利要求2所述的三相电力系统相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，当发生相间短路故障时，所述电能入口分区开关跳开至少一故障相以切断故障电流并维持另一故障相导通，然后将已跳开的一故障相从所述电能入口分区开关的下口与大地或公共导线相连，再将除维持导通的故障相外的一带电相在所述电能入口分区开关的上口与大地或公共导线相连或者将所述三相电力系统的中性点与大地或公共导线相连以产生所述可控电流。
- 如权利要求3所述的三相电力系统相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，在所述三相电力系统的母线或中性点与大地之间设有信号发生开关和限流电阻，所述信号发生开关与大地或公共导线循环连接和断开以产生电流脉冲，所述分段开关根据预设的电流脉冲数跳闸，并且靠近所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关触发跳闸的电流脉冲数多于远离所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关触发跳闸的电流脉冲数；或者所述信号发生开关持续与大地或公共导线相连以产生持续电流，所述分段开关根据预设的电流时长跳闸，并且靠近所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关触发跳闸的电流时长长于远离所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关触发跳闸的电流时长。
- 如权利要求1所述的三相电力系统相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，在所述保护区上设置差动保护系统，当发生相间短路故障时，差动保护系统发出控制信号，使所述电能入口分区开关跳开至少一故障相以切断故障电流。
- 如权利要求3所述的三相电力系统相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，所述维持另一故障相导通，包括断开该另一故障相后又导通该另一故障相，或者不断开该另一故障相从而自始导通。
- 如权利要求3所述的三相电力系统相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，所述将已跳开的一故障相从所述电能入口分区开关的下口与大地或公共导线相连，包括利用所述电能入口分区开关在断开该已跳开的故障相后利用该所述电能入口分区开关将该已跳开的故障相从该所述电能入口分区开关的下口与大地或公共导线相连，或者利用所述电能入口分区开关断开该已跳开的故障相，然后通过另一开关将该已跳开的故障相从所述电能入口分区开关的下口与大地或公共导线相连。
- 如权利要求4所述的三相电力系统相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，所述信号发生开关为一相晶闸管或两相独立的晶闸管或三相独立的晶闸管；所述限流电阻为可调电阻或电阻选择器，或者为固定阻值的电阻。
- 如权利要求1所述的三相电力系统相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，利用所述三相电力系统的电源之外的电源产生所述可控电流。
- 如权利要求9所述的三相电力系统相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，所述可控电流为电流脉冲，所述电能入口分区开关和所述分段开关根据预设的电流脉冲数跳闸，并且靠近所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关触发跳闸的电流脉冲数多于远离所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关触发跳闸的电流脉冲数；或者所述可控电流为持续的电流，所述电能入口分区开关和所述分段开关根据预设的电流时长跳闸，并且靠近所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关触发跳闸的电流时长长于远离所述电能入口分区开关的分段开关触发跳闸的电流时长。
- 如权利要求8所述的三相电力系统相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，所述限流电阻为固定阻值的电阻，并且按所述三相电力系统中所有分段开关中负载电流最小的分段开关的负载电流确定所述固定阻值。
- 如权利要求8所述的三相电力系统相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，所述信号发生开关为两相独立的晶闸管或三相独立的晶闸管，所述晶闸管先并联再串入所述限流电阻。
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