WO2022252411A1 - 冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别装置、方法、系统及设备 - Google Patents

冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别装置、方法、系统及设备 Download PDF

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WO2022252411A1
WO2022252411A1 PCT/CN2021/114959 CN2021114959W WO2022252411A1 WO 2022252411 A1 WO2022252411 A1 WO 2022252411A1 CN 2021114959 W CN2021114959 W CN 2021114959W WO 2022252411 A1 WO2022252411 A1 WO 2022252411A1
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ice
wind
fan
unit
throwing
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PCT/CN2021/114959
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李芊
郭辰
张立英
张国
张庆
邵振州
程瑜
李家川
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中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2022252411A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022252411A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/40—Ice detection; De-icing means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • the application belongs to the field of wind turbine safety early warning, and relates to a device, method, system and equipment for determining the range of ice throwing early warning of a wind farm in an ice area.
  • the icing of the fan blades also has a serious risk of ice throwing when the unit is running.
  • the hub height of existing wind turbines is getting higher and higher, and the length of blades is getting longer and longer.
  • the risk and damage of ice throwing caused by blade icing are also increasing, especially for areas near wind turbines and human activities. More frequent wind farms.
  • the purpose of this application is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art that it is impossible to make accurate early warnings of ice throwing conditions in wind farms to avoid accidents, and to provide devices, methods, systems and equipment for identifying ice throwing warning ranges in wind farms in ice regions.
  • a device for judging the range of ice throwing early warning for a wind farm in an ice area comprising an anemometer tower, a controller, a unit operating state monitoring unit, an alarm unit and a fan unit;
  • the wind measuring tower includes a wind measuring tower body, on which a data recorder and wind measuring components are installed, and the wind measuring components include an anemometer and a wind vane; the data recorder is electrically connected to the anemometer and the wind vane respectively;
  • the height level includes the height of the fan hub, the highest point of the blade sweeping range and the lowest point of the blade sweeping range;
  • the unit operation status monitoring unit includes a blade status monitoring sensor and an icing sensor installed on the fan unit;
  • the alarm unit is installed on the fan unit
  • the data recorder, blade state monitoring sensor, icing sensor and alarm unit are respectively connected with the controller through signal transmission lines.
  • the alarm unit includes an alarm and a searchlight, and the alarm and the searchlight are respectively connected to the controller through a signal transmission line.
  • the unit operating state monitoring unit also includes a tower load monitoring sensor installed on the fan unit;
  • the tower body of the fan unit is connected by several sections of tower tubes, and several tower tube load monitoring sensors are installed at the joints of several sections of tower tubes.
  • the ice flinging warning range discrimination device for wind farms in ice regions also includes a meteorological sensor installed on the fan unit;
  • the hygrometer and pressure gauge of the casing of the wind turbine cabin are also installed on the fan unit;
  • thermometer is also installed on the fan unit, and the thermometer is connected to the controller through a signal transmission line;
  • thermometers There are several thermometers;
  • the anemometer and vane have the same number of settings.
  • a method for discriminating the ice throwing warning range of a wind farm in an ice area comprising the following steps:
  • the ice throwing parabola of the fan blade is calculated to obtain the ice throwing warning range, and an alarm is issued based on the ice throwing warning range.
  • the fan specification data includes fan hub height and blade length
  • Fan operation data includes fan blade speed and angle
  • Environmental parameters include humidity, temperature, air pressure and wind speed near the fan.
  • the freezing risk determination process of wind turbine blades is as follows:
  • the temperature distribution in the height direction of the fan point, the humidity and air pressure at the hub are obtained, and based on the temperature and humidity at different heights of the tower, the freezing point of water under the air pressure is used to judge whether there is a risk of freezing the fan .
  • the calculation process of the ice throwing warning range is specifically:
  • the ice throwing warning range is specifically a circular area with the fan point as the center, and the radius of the circular area is the straight-line distance between the farthest falling point of the parabola and the fan point.
  • a system for judging the range of early warning range of ice shedding in wind farms in ice regions comprising:
  • the data acquisition module is used to acquire the wind turbine specification data, wind turbine operating parameters and environmental parameters in the wind farm;
  • the risk judgment module interacts with the data acquisition module, and is used to judge whether there is a risk of freezing the blades of the wind turbine according to the fan specification data, fan operating parameters and environmental parameters;
  • the data processing module is used to obtain the ice throwing warning range according to the specification data of the fan, the operating parameters of the fan and the environmental parameters.
  • a terminal device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and operable on the processor, when the processor executes the computer program, the ice flinging warning of the wind farm in the ice area is realized.
  • This application discloses a device for discriminating the range of ice throwing warning for wind farms in ice regions, which includes an anemometer tower, a controller, a unit operating state monitoring unit, an alarm unit, and a fan unit.
  • Wind components there are several wind measuring components, which are evenly arranged at different heights of the wind measuring tower, so that the wind speed and wind direction at different heights of the wind measuring tower can be detected in an all-round way.
  • the blade status monitoring sensor and icing sensor on the wind turbine unit can obtain the information on the blades of the wind turbine unit.
  • the wind measurement data in the wind field is used to fully tap the potential value of the data source that comes with the wind farm.
  • the overall data The source is more reliable and timely, and the warning range corresponding to the calculation is also more reliable, reducing the possibility of false positives.
  • the alarm unit is installed on the fan unit and consists of an alarm and a searchlight, wherein the alarm alarms according to the warning signal command given by the controller, and at the same time broadcasts the ice throwing warning range calculated by the controller, and the searchlight is calculated according to the controller. Circular search is carried out within the warning range of the ice throwing warning range.
  • the tower load monitoring sensor installed on the fan unit; there are several tower load monitoring sensors, which are respectively installed at the joints of several sections of the tower. In this way, the load information on different towers of the fan unit can be obtained in real time, and the load on which tower will have a problem can be accurately located.
  • the fan unit is also equipped with meteorological sensors, thermometers, hygrometers and pressure gauges, so that it can monitor the environmental information of the fan unit in real time, make timely predictions, and refer to more environmental information.
  • the calculation of the early warning range is more accurate, which improves the accuracy of the device. This enables the device of the application to effectively determine the warning range of ice throwing in the wind farm according to the relevant parameters, and send a warning to the personnel within the warning range through the alarm unit, reminding relevant personnel to leave in time, reducing the risk of casualties caused by ice throwing, and reducing the risk of ice throwing loss caused by downtime.
  • This application also discloses a method for discriminating the range of ice throwing warnings for wind farms in ice regions. Firstly, the fan specification data, fan operating data and environmental parameters in the wind farm are obtained; based on the fan operating data and environmental parameters, the freezing risk of the wind turbine blades is determined. ; When there is no risk of freezing, the fan unit operates normally; when there is a risk of freezing, based on the operating data of the fan, the ice throwing parabola of the fan blade is calculated to obtain the ice throwing warning range, and an alarm is issued based on the ice throwing warning range.
  • This application method not only solves the problem of notifying the operation and maintenance personnel in time when there is a risk of ice throwing, but also uses the existing data of the anemometer tower to give the judgment of different ice throwing risks and corresponding warning ranges under different wind turbine operating states method.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ice throwing early warning range discrimination device for a wind farm in an ice area described in the present application;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the full field discrimination effect of the ice throwing early warning range discrimination device of the wind farm in the ice area described in the application;
  • 1-wind measuring tower 11-wind measuring tower body; 12-data recorder; 13-anemometer; 14-wind vane; 2-controller; 3-unit operation status monitoring unit; 31-blade status monitoring sensor ;32-icing sensor; 33-tower load monitoring sensor; 34-hygrometer; 35-pressure gauge; 36-thermometer; 4-alarm unit; 41-alarm; 42-searchlight; weather sensor.
  • a kind of ice throwing early warning range discrimination device of wind farm in ice area as shown in Fig.
  • Wind tower tower body 11, data recorder 12, anemometer 13 and wind vane 14 are installed on the wind tower tower body 11, and data recorder 12 is electrically connected with anemometer 13 and wind vane 14 respectively;
  • Anemometer 13 and wind vane 14 all design There are several, an anemometer 13 and a wind vane 14 are a group, the wind vane 14 is installed on the side of the anemometer 13, and the wind measuring assembly (comprising an anemometer 13 and a wind vane 14) is provided with several, respectively arranged in the wind measuring
  • the unit operation status monitoring unit 3 includes the blade status monitoring sensor 31 installed on the fan unit icing sensor 32;
  • the alarm unit 4 is installed on the tower body of the fan unit 5;
  • Data logger 12, blade state monitoring sensor 31, icing sensor 32 and alarm unit 4 are electrically connected with controller 2 respectively.
  • the fan unit 5 is composed of a wind wheel, a wind-facing device, a speed-regulating mechanism, a transmission device, a work device, an energy storage device, a tower frame and ancillary parts, etc.; , the work device and the energy storage device are connected in sequence and supported by the tower.
  • the control system is set in the centralized control center of the wind farm, and is composed of a controller 2, a memory, a data processor, an ice rejection risk discrimination module, an ice rejection warning range calculation model, and a display interface;
  • the unit running state monitoring unit 3 includes a blade state monitoring sensor 31, an icing sensor 32 and a tower load monitoring sensor 33 installed on the fan unit 5.
  • the tower body of the fan unit 5 is connected by several sections of towers, and the tower load There are several monitoring sensors 33, which are respectively installed at the joints of several sections of the tower.
  • the acquisition of environmental parameters includes the meteorological sensor 6 installed on the wind turbine unit 5, and also includes the hygrometer 34, thermometer 36 and pressure gauge 35 installed on the cabin shell of the wind turbine unit 5; the meteorological sensor 6, thermometer 36, hygrometer 34 and pressure gauge 35 are respectively connected with the controller 2 through signal transmission lines.
  • the alarm unit 4 is installed on the fan unit and consists of an alarm 41 and a searchlight 42, wherein the alarm 41 gives an alarm according to the warning signal command given by the controller 2, and broadcasts the ice throwing warning range calculated by the controller 2 at the same time, while the searchlight 42 According to the ice flinging warning range calculated by the controller 2, cyclic search is carried out within the warning range.
  • a method for discriminating the ice throwing warning range of a wind farm in an ice area comprising the following steps:
  • the ice throwing parabola of the fan blade is calculated to obtain the ice throwing warning range
  • the method for discriminating the ice throwing warning range of a wind farm in an ice area disclosed in this application includes the following steps:
  • Step 1) The memory in the control system first obtains relevant fan specification data, including hub height and blade length;
  • Step 2) Obtain wind turbine operating parameters and environmental parameters through wind measuring towers and meteorological sensors;
  • Step 3) sending the parameters obtained in step 2) to the memory in the control system through the communication device;
  • Step 4) The ice throwing risk discrimination module in the control system reads the parameters in the memory to determine whether the blades have a risk of freezing. For example, in this case, the temperatures read by the anemometer tower and the meteorological sensor are all less than -10°C, and The humidity is 87%, and the central computing device judges that there is a risk of freezing;
  • Step 5) If the judgment result in step 4) is yes, then all parameters are automatically sent to the calculation model of the ice throwing warning range in the control system, and the real-time ice throwing warning range radius is calculated and displayed on the display interface in the control system , such as in this case, the fan blade speed is 0.5RPM/min, the corresponding blade tip speed is 5m/s, and the corresponding landing point calculated according to the parabola is 62m according to the radius of the fan point;
  • Step 6) Transmitting the real-time ice throwing warning range calculated in step 5) to the alarm unit through the communication device;
  • Step 8) The searchlight in the alarm unit conducts circular search within the range according to the radius of the early warning range obtained in step 6).
  • the data monitored by each fan unit 5 and the anemometer tower 1 are transmitted to the controller 2 through the communication transmission signal line at the same time, and the controller 2 processes the data and superimposes to form a wind turbine.
  • the results of the judgment of the range of the ice-slinging warning range in the field are calculated, and the calculation results are sent to the alarm unit 4 for alarming.
  • this application can also increase the laser scanning unit in the alarm unit, so as to warn the relevant people more intuitively, remind the relevant personnel to leave in time, reduce the risk of casualties caused by ice throwing, and reduce the risk of ice throwing. downtime losses.
  • a system for judging the range of early warning range of ice shedding in wind farms in ice regions comprising:
  • the data acquisition module is used to acquire the wind turbine specification data, wind turbine operating parameters and environmental parameters in the wind farm;
  • the risk judgment module interacts with the data acquisition module, and is used to judge whether there is a risk of freezing the blades of the wind turbine according to the fan specification data, fan operating parameters and environmental parameters;
  • the data processing module is used to obtain the ice throwing warning range according to the specification data of the fan, the operating parameters of the fan and the environmental parameters.
  • a computer device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and operable on the processor, and the processor implements the present application when executing the computer program. method steps.
  • the processor may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), off-the-shelf programmable Field-Programmable GateArray (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • DSP digital signal processors
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • FPGA field-Programmable GateArray
  • this application not only solves the problem of notifying the operation and maintenance personnel in time when there is a risk of ice throwing, but also uses the existing data of the anemometer tower to give different ice throwing risks and corresponding early warnings for different wind turbine operating states range of judgment methods.

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  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请公开了一种冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别装置、方法、系统及设备，属于风电机组安全预警领域，利用了风场内测风数据，充分挖掘了电场自带的数据源的潜在价值，整体上数据源更加可靠及时，对应计算的预警范围也更加可靠，减少了误报的可能性。不仅解决了在有甩冰风险时及时通知运维人员的问题，同时利用测风塔的现有数据，给出对于不同风机运行状态下不同的甩冰风险及相应预警范围的判断方法。

Description

冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别装置、方法、系统及设备 技术领域
本申请属于风电机组安全预警领域，涉及一种冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别装置、方法、系统及设备。
背景技术
近年来，随着风力发电行业快速发展，越来越多的风电场被设计在复杂地形或者复杂气候的区域内，气候寒冷的地区存在着丰富的风资源，然而在这些气候寒冷的区域内，风机往往都存在着较为严重的叶片冰冻问题，虽然相关风机厂家提出了各种叶片防冻的方法，但仍然无法完全解决此问题。
风机叶片结冰除了影响发电机组效率、降低机组寿命外，在机组运行时还会存在着严重的甩冰风险。现有的风机轮毂高度越来越高，叶片长度越来越长，在此基础上，叶片结冰所带来的甩冰风险和伤害也越来越大，尤其是对于风机附近区域且人类活动较为频繁的风电场。
现有技术中虽然有预防甩冰风险的装置和方法，但对于甩冰预警的研究较少。因此，亟需发展一种能够进行甩冰预警的装置。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于克服上述现有技术中，无法对风电场的甩冰情况做出准确的预警以避免事故发生的缺点，提供冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别装置、方法、系统及设备。
为了达到上述目的，本申请采用以下技术方案予以实现：
一种冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别装置，包括测风塔、控制器、机组运行状态监测单元、报警单元和风机机组；
测风塔包括测风塔塔体，测风塔塔体上安装有数据记录仪和测风组件，测风组件包括风速计和风向标；数据记录仪分别与风速计和风向标电连接；
测风组件设有若干个，均匀布置在测风塔塔体的不同高度层，高度层包括风机轮 毂高度、叶片扫风范围最高点和叶片扫风范围最低点；
机组运行状态监测单元包括安装在风机机组上的叶片状态监测传感器和结冰传感器；
报警单元安装在风机机组上；
数据记录仪、叶片状态监测传感器、结冰传感器和报警单元分别与控制器通过信号传输线连接。
优选地，报警单元包括报警器和探照灯，报警器和探照灯分别与控制器通过信号传输线连接。
优选地，机组运行状态监测单元还包括安装在风机机组上的塔筒载荷监测传感器；
风机机组的塔体由若干段塔筒连接而成，塔筒载荷监测传感器设有若干个，分别安装在在若干段塔筒的连接处。
优选地，所述冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别装置还包括安装在风机机组上的气象传感器；
风机机组上还安装有风电机组机舱外壳的湿度计及压力计；
风机机组上还安装有温度计，温度计与控制器通过信号传输线连接；
温度计设有若干个；
风速计和风向标的设置数量相同。
一种冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别方法，包括如下步骤：
获取风电机场中的风机规格数据、风机运行数据和环境参数；
基于风机运行数据和环境参数，确定风电机组叶片的冰冻风险；
当不存在冰冻风险时，风机机组正常运行；
当有冰冻风险时，基于风机运行数据，计算风机叶片的甩冰抛物线，得到甩冰预警范围，基于甩冰预警范围进行报警。
优选地，风机规格数据包括风机轮毂高度及叶片长度；
风机运行数据包括风机叶片转速及角度；
环境参数包括风机附近的湿度、温度、气压及风速。
优选地，风电机组叶片的冰冻风险确定过程具体为：
基于环境参数及风机运行数据，得到风机点位处高度方向上的温度分布、轮毂处的湿度与气压，基于塔体不同高度层的温度与湿度气压下水的结冰点来判断风机是否存在冰冻风险。
优选地，甩冰预警范围的计算过程具体为：
基于风电机组的叶片转速，计算以叶片上的叶尖风速为初速度的甩冰抛物线，计算得到对应的甩冰预警范围；
甩冰预警范围具体为以风机点位为圆心的圆形区域，圆形区域的半径为抛物线最远落点与风机点位之间的直线距离。
一种冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别系统，包括：
数据获取模块，用于获取风电机场中的风机规格数据、风机运行参数和环境参数；
风险判断模块，与数据获取模块相交互，用于根据风机规格数据、风机运行参数和环境参数，判断风电机组的叶片是否存在甩冰冻风险；
数据处理模块，用于根据风机规格数据、风机运行参数和环境参数，获取甩冰预警范围。
一种终端设备，包括存储器、处理器以及存储在所述存储器中并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现所述冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别方法的步骤。
与现有技术相比，本申请具有以下有益效果：
本申请公开了一种冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别装置，包括测风塔、控制器、机组运行状态监测单元、报警单元和风机机组，测风塔塔体上安装有数据记录仪和测风组件，测风组件设有若干个，均匀布置在测风塔塔体的不同高度层，从而能够全方位的检测到测风塔不同高度层的风速和风向，机组运行状态监测单元包括安装在风 机机组上的叶片状态监测传感器和结冰传感器，从而能够获取风机机组的叶片上的信息，利用了风场内测风数据，充分挖掘了风电电场自带的数据源的潜在价值，整体上数据源更加可靠及时，对应计算的预警范围也更加可靠，减少了误报的可能性。
进一步地，报警单元安装在风机机组上，由报警器及探照灯组成，其中报警器依据控制器给出的预警信号指令报警，同时播报控制器计算出的甩冰预警范围，同时探照灯依据控制器计算出的甩冰预警范围在预警范围内进行循环探照。
进一步地，安装在风机机组上的塔筒载荷监测传感器；塔筒载荷监测传感器设有若干个，分别安装在在若干段塔筒的连接处。从而能够实时获取风机机组不同塔筒上的载荷信息，并能准确定位哪一个塔筒上的载荷会出问题。
进一步地，风机机组上还设有气象传感器、温度计、湿度计及压力计，从而能够实时监测到风机机组所处的环境信息，及时的做出预判，参考了较多的环境信息，能够使得预警范围的计算更加精确，提高了装置的精确度。使得本申请装置可以有效地根据相关参数判别风电场甩冰预警范围，并通过报警单元向预警范围内人员发出示警，及时提醒相关人员离开，减少甩冰造成人员伤亡的风险，降低因甩冰风险造成的停机损失。
本申请还公开了一种冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别方法，首先获取风电机场中的风机规格数据、风机运行数据和环境参数；基于风机运行数据和环境参数，确定风电机组叶片的冰冻风险；当不存在冰冻风险时，风机机组正常运行；当有冰冻风险时，基于风机运行数据，计算风机叶片的甩冰抛物线，得到甩冰预警范围，基于甩冰预警范围进行报警。本申请方法不仅解决了在有甩冰风险时及时通知运维人员的问题，同时利用测风塔的现有数据，给出了对于不同风机运行状态下不同的甩冰风险及相应预警范围的判断方法。
附图说明
图1为本申请所述冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别装置示意图；
图2为本申请所述冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别装置全场判别效果示意图；
其中：1-测风塔；11-测风塔塔体；12-数据记录仪；13-风速计；14-风向标；2- 控制器；3-机组运行状态监测单元；31-叶片状态监测传感器；32-结冰传感器；33-塔筒载荷监测传感器；34-湿度计；35-压力计；36-温度计；4-报警单元；41-报警器；42-探照灯；5-风机机组；6-气象传感器。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明的是，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
下面结合附图对本申请做进一步详细描述：
实施例1
一种冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别装置，如图1所示，包括测风塔1、控制器2、机组运行状态监测单元3、报警单元4和风机机组5；测风塔1包括测风塔塔体11，测风塔塔体11上安装有数据记录仪12、风速计13和风向标14，数据记录仪12分别与风速计13和风向标14电连接；风速计13和风向标14均设有若干个，一个风速计13和一个风向标14为一组，风向标14安装在风速计13侧边，测风组件(包括一个风速计13和一个风向标14)设有若干个，分别布置在测风塔塔体11的不同高度层，高度层包括风机轮毂高度、叶片扫风范围最高点和叶片扫风范围最低点；机组运行状态监测单元3包括安装在风机机组5上的叶片状态监测传感器31和结冰传感器32；
报警单元4安装在风机机组5的塔体上；
数据记录仪12、叶片状态监测传感器31、结冰传感器32和报警单元4分别 与控制器2电连接。
实施例2
除以下内容外，其余内容均与实施例1相同。
所述风机机组5由风轮、对风装置、调速机构、传动装置、做功装置、储能装置、塔架及附属部件等组成；所述风轮、对风装置、调速机构、传动装置、做功装置、储能装置依次相连并由塔架支撑。
所述控制系统设置于风电场集控中心，由控制器2、存储器、数据处理器、甩冰风险判别模块、甩冰预警范围计算模型及显示界面组成；
机组运行状态监测单元3包括装在风机机组5上的叶片状态监测传感器31、结冰传感器32和塔筒载荷监测传感器33，风机机组5的塔体由若干段塔筒连接而成，塔筒载荷监测传感器33设有若干个，分别安装在在若干段塔筒的连接处。
环境参数获取包括安装在风机机组5上的气象传感器6，还包括安装有风电机组5的机舱外壳的湿度计34、温度计36及压力计35；气象传感器6、温度计36、湿度计34和压力计35分别与控制器2通过信号传输线连接。
报警单元4安装在风机机组上，由报警器41及探照灯42组成，其中报警器41依据控制器2给出的预警信号指令报警，同时播报控制器2计算出的甩冰预警范围，同时探照灯42依据控制器2计算出的甩冰预警范围在预警范围内进行循环探照。
实施例3
一种冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别方法，包括如下步骤：
获取风电机场中的风机规格数据、风机运行数据和环境参数；
基于风机运行数据和环境参数，确定风电机组叶片的冰冻风险；
当基于风机运行数据和环境参数判断出不存在冰冻风险时，风电机组正常运行；
当有冰冻风险时，基于风机运行数据，计算风机叶片的甩冰抛物线，得到甩冰预警范围；
基于甩冰预警范围进行报警。
实施例4
本申请公开的冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1)控制系统中的存储器首先获取相关风机规格数据，包括轮毂高度及叶片长度；
步骤2)通过测风塔及气象传感器获取风机运行参数及环境参数；
步骤3)将步骤2)获得的参数通过通讯装置发送给控制系统中的存储器；
步骤4)控制系统中的甩冰风险判别模块读取存储器中的参数，判别叶片是否有冰冻风险，如在该情况下，测风塔及气象传感器所读取的温度均小于-10℃，且湿度为87％，中央计算装置判断出存在冰冻风险；
步骤5)如步骤4)中的判别结果为是，则自动将所有参数发送给控制系统中的甩冰预警范围计算模型，计算出实时甩冰预警范围半径并显示在控制系统内的显示界面上，如在该情况下，风机叶片转速为0.5RPM/min，对应叶尖速度为5m/s，依据抛物线计算出的对应落地点据风机点位半径为62m；
步骤6)将步骤5)中计算出的实时甩冰预警范围通过通讯装置传递给报警单元；
步骤7)报警单元中的报警器实时语音播报甩冰风险范围；
步骤8)报警单元中的探照灯根据步骤6)中得到的预警范围半径在范围内进行循环探照。
参考图2，当存在多个风机机组5时，每台风机机组5与测风塔1上监测的数据同时通过通讯传输信号线传输给控制器2，控制器2对数据进行处理，叠加形成风场全场甩冰预警范围判别结果，并将计算结果传送给报警单元4进行报警。
需要说明的是，本申请还可以通过增加报警单元中的激光扫描单元，从而更加直观的对相关人家进行示警，及时提醒相关人员离开，减少甩冰造成人员伤亡的风险，降低因甩冰风险造成的停机损失。
实施例5
一种冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别系统，包括：
数据获取模块，用于获取风电机场中的风机规格数据、风机运行参数和环境参数；
风险判断模块，与数据获取模块相交互，用于根据风机规格数据、风机运行参数和环境参数，判断风电机组的叶片是否存在甩冰冻风险；
数据处理模块，用于根据风机规格数据、风机运行参数和环境参数，获取甩冰预警范围。
实施例6
在示例性实施例中，还提供计算机设备，包括存储器、处理器以及存储在所述存储器中并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现本申请方法的步骤。处理器可能是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit，CPU)，还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable GateArray，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。
综上所述，本申请不仅解决了在有甩冰风险时及时通知运维人员的问题，同时利用测风塔的现有数据，给出对于不同风机运行状态下不同的甩冰风险及相应预警范围的判断方法。
以上内容仅为说明本申请的技术思想，不能以此限定本申请的保护范围，凡是按照本申请提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本申请权利要求书的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别装置，其特征在于，包括测风塔(1)、控制器(2)、机组运行状态监测单元(3)、报警单元(4)和风机机组(5)；
    测风塔(1)包括测风塔塔体(11)，测风塔塔体(11)上安装有数据记录仪(12)和测风组件，测风组件设有若干个，均匀布置在测风塔塔体(11)的不同高度层，高度层包括风机轮毂高度、叶片扫风范围最高点和叶片扫风范围最低点；测风组件包括风速计(13)和安装在风速计(13)侧边的风向标(14)，数据记录仪(12)分别与风速计(13)和风向标(14)电连接；
    机组运行状态监测单元(3)包括安装在风机机组(5)上的叶片状态监测传感器(31)和结冰传感器(32)；
    报警单元(4)安装在风机机组(5)上；
    数据记录仪(12)、叶片状态监测传感器(31)、结冰传感器(32)和报警单元(4)分别与控制器(2)通过信号传输线连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别装置，其特征在于，报警单元(4)包括报警器(41)和探照灯(42)，报警器(41)和探照灯(42)分别与控制器(2)通过信号传输线连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别装置，其特征在于，机组运行状态监测单元(3)还包括安装在风机机组(5)上的塔筒载荷监测传感器(33)；
    风机机组(5)的塔体由若干段塔筒连接而成，塔筒载荷监测传感器(33)设有若干个，分别安装在在若干段塔筒的连接处。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别装置，其特征在于，所述冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别装置还包括安装在风机机组(5)上的气象传感器(6)；
    风机机组(5)上还安装有风电机组机舱外壳的湿度计(34)及压力计(35)；
    风机机组(5)上还安装有温度计(36)；
    气象传感器(6)、温度计(36)、湿度计(34)和压力计(35)分别与控制 器(2)通过信号传输线连接；
    温度计(36)、湿度计(34)和压力计(35)分别设有若干个；
    风速计(13)和风向标(14)的设置数量相同。
  5. 一种冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    获取风电机场中的风机规格数据、风机运行数据和环境参数；
    基于风机运行数据和环境参数，确定风电机组叶片的冰冻风险；
    当不存在冰冻风险时，风机机组正常运行；
    当有冰冻风险时，基于风机运行数据，计算风机叶片的甩冰抛物线，得到甩冰预警范围，基于甩冰预警范围进行报警。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别方法，其特征在于，风机规格数据包括风机轮毂高度及叶片长度；
    风机运行数据包括风机叶片转速及角度；
    环境参数包括风机附近的湿度、温度、气压及风速。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别方法，其特征在于，风电机组叶片的冰冻风险确定过程具体为：
    基于环境参数及风机运行数据，得到风机点位处高度方向上的温度分布、轮毂处的湿度与气压，基于塔体不同高度层的温度与湿度气压下水的结冰点来判断风机是否存在冰冻风险。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别方法，其特征在于，甩冰预警范围的计算过程具体为：
    基于风电机组的叶片转速，计算以叶片上的叶尖风速为初速度的甩冰抛物线，计算得到对应的甩冰预警范围；
    甩冰预警范围具体为以风机点位为圆心的圆形区域，圆形区域的半径为抛物线最远落点与风机点位之间的直线距离。
  9. 一种冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别系统，其特征在于，包括：
    数据获取模块，用于获取风电机场中的风机规格数据、风机运行参数和环境参数；
    风险判断模块，与数据获取模块相交互，用于根据风机规格数据、风机运行参数和环境参数，判断风电机组的叶片是否存在甩冰冻风险；
    数据处理模块，用于根据风机规格数据、风机运行参数和环境参数，获取甩冰预警范围。
  10. 一种终端设备，包括存储器、处理器以及存储在所述存储器中并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如权利要求5至8任一项所述冰区风电场甩冰预警范围判别方法的步骤。
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