WO2022246966A1 - Competitive-map-based charging station demand response method for electric vehicle - Google Patents

Competitive-map-based charging station demand response method for electric vehicle Download PDF

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WO2022246966A1
WO2022246966A1 PCT/CN2021/104729 CN2021104729W WO2022246966A1 WO 2022246966 A1 WO2022246966 A1 WO 2022246966A1 CN 2021104729 W CN2021104729 W CN 2021104729W WO 2022246966 A1 WO2022246966 A1 WO 2022246966A1
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users
demand response
charging
user
charging station
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Chinese (zh)
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唐冬来
倪平波
张捷
胡州明
尚忠玉
黄璞
赵梓鑫
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四川中电启明星信息技术有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0631—Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
    • G06Q10/06315—Needs-based resource requirements planning or analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0639—Performance analysis of employees; Performance analysis of enterprise or organisation operations
    • G06Q10/06393—Score-carding, benchmarking or key performance indicator [KPI] analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Electricity, gas or water supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H02J3/144—Demand-response operation of the power transmission or distribution network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/62—The condition being non-electrical, e.g. temperature
    • H02J2310/64—The condition being economic, e.g. tariff based load management
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of computer-based power trading, and in particular relates to a demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on competition graphs.
  • An electric vehicle refers to a vehicle that is powered by a vehicle-mounted power supply, drives the wheels with a motor, and meets the requirements of road traffic and safety regulations. Due to its smaller impact on the environment than traditional cars, its prospects are widely optimistic. With the popularization and promotion of new energy vehicles, under the concept of environmental protection, new energy electric vehicles (electric vehicles, EVs) driven by electricity are becoming more and more popular, and the management of charging them is also facing more adjustments.
  • Demand response is the abbreviation of power demand response, which means that when the price of the wholesale power market rises or the reliability of the system is threatened, the power user receives a direct compensation notice from the power supply party to reduce the load or the power After the price rise signal, change its inherent customary power consumption mode, to reduce or shift the power consumption load in a certain period of time and respond to the power supply, so as to ensure the stability of the power grid and restrain the short-term behavior of rising power prices. It is one of the solutions for Demand Side Management (DSM).
  • DSM Demand Side Management
  • EV charging station demand response is divided into traditional demand response method and "source-load-storage" optimization complementary demand response method.
  • Traditional demand response methods aim at charging and discharging price optimization, and carry out EV charging station demand response.
  • traditional demand response only considers EV charging load control guided by price and incentives, which is not very applicable to EV charging stations with distributed energy.
  • the "source-load-storage" optimal complementary demand response method makes full use of the distributed energy and energy storage devices in the EV charging station to realize the optimal scheduling of EV participation in demand response.
  • the "source-load-storage" optimal complementary demand response method only considers the optimal control of energy, and does not consider the individual needs and charging experience of EV users.
  • Sigmoid cloud model prediction of electric vehicle load considering the uncertainty of demand response based on the uncertain relationship between EV users' income and response behavior, the Sigmoid model is used to control demand response.
  • Control strategies for electric vehicle participation in demand-side response for micro-grid operators With the goal of minimizing the operating cost of EV charging stations, a variety of demand response strategies are constructed.
  • the "source-load-storage" optimal complementary demand response method makes full use of the distributed energy and energy storage devices in the EV charging station to realize the optimal scheduling of EV participation in demand response.
  • Multi-time-scale stochastic optimal scheduling of electric vehicle charging stations for demand response complementary optimization of "source-load-storage" resources to realize EV charging stations' demand response to price and incentives.
  • the present invention proposes a demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on the competition map.
  • EV On the basis of the existing peak-valley charging price difference, EV According to the user's electricity consumption experience and individual needs, more types of EV user electricity price fluctuations can be realized.
  • the present invention obtains the EV user's VIP (Very Important Person, VIP) level through the competition map during the charging process of the EV user, and the EV user can obtain the corresponding economic compensation or value-added service according to the VIP level, so as to achieve the EV user during the service process. A more personalized experience.
  • VIP Very Important Person
  • the concrete realization content of the present invention is as follows:
  • the present invention proposes a demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on a competition map, which analyzes the needs of users of electric vehicles (EV) and EV (electric vehicle) users and responds accordingly according to the analysis results.
  • the demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on the competition map specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Carry out improved weight clustering analysis on the characteristic indicators of EV users to obtain the classification of EV users;
  • Step 2 Analyze the characteristic indicators of EV users using the competition map to obtain the VIP level of EV users;
  • Step 3 Determine whether EV charging stations need to participate in demand response to EV users by analyzing the comprehensive benefits of EV charging stations participating in demand response; and formulate corresponding strategies for participating in demand response;
  • Step 4 For EV charging stations that are judged to participate in demand response to the needs of EV users, participate in the corresponding demand response according to the EV user's VIP level, and provide differentiated benefits and value-added services based on the VIP level;
  • Step 5 Adjust the level of VIP users who have already participated in demand response, so as to motivate EV users to participate in the demand response of EV charging stations.
  • the user classification operation is: adopt the improved weight method clustering method, according to the EV user's charging start and end time, charging power, charging power, charging location , charging price curve, EV user charging network age, EV user activity, and EV user credit for clustering.
  • the specific clustering operation using the improved weight method clustering method is as follows:
  • the characteristic index values of c clusters form the index evaluation standard value ⁇ dm
  • the specific calculation formula of the index evaluation standard value ⁇ dm is:
  • Step 1.2 Improve the index evaluation standard value ⁇ dm to obtain the index evaluation improved information entropy function ⁇ cd , the specific operation is:
  • Step 1.3 After obtaining the improved information entropy function ⁇ cd for index evaluation, set the natural logarithm as In, and continue to calculate the improved information entropy Q st , the specific calculation formula is:
  • Step 1.4 After obtaining the improved information entropy Q st , calculate the improved weight ⁇ ws of the feature index through the improved information entropy Q st , the specific calculation formula is:
  • Step 1.5 Use the improved weight ⁇ ws to cluster EV users to realize the characteristic classification of EV users.
  • step 2 after the EV users are classified, the specific operation of classifying the EV users based on the competition map analysis of EV charging stations is as follows:
  • Step 2.1 In the competition map of EV charging stations, assuming that there are n b EV users participating in the competition, the EV user sequence B is obtained, and the EV user sequence B is expressed as:
  • Step 2.2 Assuming that there are n c characteristic indicators, the competition sequence E v of the EV users of the charging station is obtained, and the competition sequence E v of the EV users is expressed as:
  • Step 2.3 Let f be the competition function, and obtain the competition cost C tm of EV users, which is expressed as:
  • Step 2.4 Set the value range of the EV user's competitive advantage value from 0 to 100, and set is the competition cost value of the n bth EV user, is the normalized cost of the n bth EV user, then the normalized cost Expressed as:
  • Step 2.5 Get the normalized cost After that, calculate the competitive advantage value corresponding to the n bth EV user
  • the specific calculation formula is:
  • n 1, 2, 3, ..., n b ;
  • Step 2.6 Exclude and sort the competitive advantage values of EV users in the EV charging station, and divide VIP user levels and the value-added services that can be enjoyed corresponding to the levels.
  • step 5 is to reduce the competitive advantage value of the subsidized EV user after each EV user obtains a subsidy through demand response, and the specific operation is:
  • step 3 is:
  • Step 3.1 Analyze the income of EV charging stations and the electricity charges of EV users, and obtain the calculation model of the income V a of EV charging stations and the calculation model of electricity charges V p of EV users;
  • Step 3.2 The power grid company sends a price incentive signal for demand response, and the EV charging station judges whether to participate in demand response according to the charging, energy storage and distributed photovoltaic power generation of EV users; Response function of EV charging station to price;
  • Step 3.3 Combining the calculation model of the revenue V a of the EV charging station in step 3.1 and the calculation model of the electricity fee V p of the EV user, calculate the revenue of the EV charging station in the case of participating in demand response;
  • Step 3.4 Based on the revenue of the EV charging station calculated in step 3.3, it is judged whether the EV charging station participates in demand response.
  • step 3.1 the specific operation of the step 3.1 is:
  • Step 3.1.1 Set the duration of the EV charging station’s power purchase period as t l , the price of electricity purchased as q(t l ), the price of electricity sold as y(t l ), the power of power purchased as P tc , and the electricity price for EV charging
  • the power is P td
  • the set of power purchase periods is T ac
  • the calculated revenue V a of the EV charging station is:
  • Step 3.1.2 After obtaining the income V a , calculate the electricity fee V p of the EV user.
  • the specific calculation formula is:
  • the duration of EV charging stations participating in demand response is t r
  • the original EV charging load is P tf
  • the energy storage release load is P tg
  • the photovoltaic power generation load is P th
  • the price elasticity of the VIP adjustable factor of VIP users among EC users The coefficient is ⁇ c
  • the electricity price of EV users without VIP level is y a (t r )
  • the electricity price of EV users with VIP level is y b (t r )
  • the calculated load curve P th of EV charging station participating in demand response is :
  • step 3.3 the specific operation of the step 3.3 is:
  • the revenue of EV charging stations before participating in demand response is V c
  • the revenue of EV users is V ac
  • the revenue of EV charging stations after participating in demand response is V d
  • the revenue of EV users is V ad
  • step 4 it is specifically divided into two parts:
  • Part 1 After the EV charging station participates in demand response, adjust the charging power of EV users according to the number of EV users in the EV charging station and the VIP level, so as to meet the individual needs of EV users and improve the experience of EV users participating in demand response.
  • the operation is:
  • the curve similarity before and after EV users participate in demand response is used to describe the experience of EV users participating in demand response.
  • the time for EV users to participate in demand response is t w
  • the load curve of EV users in the original period is P ca (t w )
  • the load curve after users participate in demand response is P cb (t w )
  • the curve similarity variable X w is calculated.
  • the specific calculation formula is:
  • the value range of t is in [1,t w ], and the larger the value of the curve similarity variable X w is, the smaller the load curve changes after EV users participate in demand response, that is, the better the experience;
  • the EV charging station is the maker of the demand response plan.
  • the charging power of EV users is controlled according to the VIP level, so as to improve the participation of EV users at the corresponding level in demand response.
  • EV user incremental income ⁇ b and participation experience the specific operation is:
  • n 1, 2, 3,..., n z ; the constraints of EV charging stations and EV users are ⁇ a >0, ⁇ b >0.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
  • the present invention proposes a demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on a competition map, which fully considers the EV users under the demand response of EV charging stations Based on electric experience and personalized needs, build EV user charging VIP level system based on competition map, and provide differentiated charging services for different EV users.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected; it can also be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.
  • This embodiment proposes a demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on a competition map, which analyzes the needs of users of electric vehicles (electric vehicle, EV), that is, EV (electric vehicle) users, and responds accordingly according to the analysis results.
  • the demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on the competition map specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Carry out improved weight clustering analysis on the characteristic indicators of EV users to obtain the classification of EV users;
  • Step 2 Analyze the characteristic indicators of EV users using the competition map to obtain the VIP level of EV users;
  • Step 3 Determine whether EV charging stations need to participate in demand response to EV users by analyzing the comprehensive benefits of EV charging stations participating in demand response; and formulate corresponding strategies for participating in demand response;
  • Step 4 For EV charging stations that are judged to participate in demand response to the needs of EV users, participate in the corresponding demand response according to the EV user's VIP level, and provide differentiated benefits and value-added services based on the VIP level;
  • Step 5 Adjust the level of VIP users who have already participated in demand response, so as to motivate EV users to participate in the demand response of EV charging stations.
  • the user classification operation is: adopt the improved weight method clustering method, according to EV user
  • the charging start and end time, charging power, charging capacity, charging location, charging price curve, EV user charging network age, EV user activity, and EV user credit are clustered.
  • the selection of EV user charging characteristic indicators is shown in Table 1.
  • the specific clustering operation using the improved weight method clustering method is as follows:
  • the characteristic index values of c clusters form the index evaluation standard value ⁇ dm
  • the specific calculation formula of the index evaluation standard value ⁇ dm is:
  • Step 1.2 Improve the index evaluation standard value ⁇ dm to obtain the index evaluation improved information entropy function ⁇ cd , the specific operation is:
  • Step 1.3 After obtaining the improved information entropy function ⁇ cd for index evaluation, set the natural logarithm as In, and continue to calculate the improved information entropy Q st , the specific calculation formula is:
  • Step 1.4 After obtaining the improved information entropy Q st , calculate the improved weight ⁇ ws of the feature index through the improved information entropy Q st , the specific calculation formula is:
  • Step 1.5 Use the improved weight ⁇ ws to cluster EV users to realize the characteristic classification of EV users.
  • the EV classification results are shown in Table 2:
  • Table 2 EV user classification table
  • Step 2.1 In the competition map of EV charging stations, assuming that there are n b EV users participating in the competition, the EV user sequence B is obtained, and the EV user sequence B is expressed as:
  • Step 2.2 Assuming that there are n c characteristic indicators, the competition sequence E v of the EV users of the charging station is obtained, and the competition sequence E v of the EV users is expressed as:
  • Step 2.3 Let f be the competition function, and obtain the competition cost C tm of EV users, which is expressed as:
  • Step 2.4 Set the value range of the EV user's competitive advantage value from 0 to 100, and set is the competition cost value of the n bth EV user, is the normalized cost of the n bth EV user, then the normalized cost Expressed as:
  • Step 2.5 Get the normalized cost After that, calculate the competitive advantage value corresponding to the n bth EV user
  • the specific calculation formula is:
  • n 1, 2, 3, ..., n b ;
  • Step 2.6 Exclude and sort the competitive advantage values of EV users in the EV charging station, and divide VIP user levels and the value-added services that can be enjoyed corresponding to the levels. Among them, value-added services include free car washing, small commodity exchange and other content.
  • the VIP levels of EV users are shown in Table 3.
  • step 3 in the demand response link of EV charging stations, by analyzing the comprehensive income of EV charging stations participating in demand response, it is judged that EV Whether the charging station participates in demand response.
  • Step 3.1 The income of EV charging stations mainly comes from the price difference between electricity purchase and sales; analyze the income of EV charging stations and the electricity charges of EV users, and obtain the calculation model of the income V a of EV charging stations and the calculation model of EV users.
  • Calculation model of electricity charge V p the specific operation is:
  • Step 3.1.1 Set the duration of the EV charging station’s power purchase period as t l , the price of electricity purchased as q(t l ), the price of electricity sold as y(t l ), the power of power purchased as P tc , and the electricity price for EV charging
  • the power is P td
  • the set of power purchase periods is T ac
  • the calculated revenue V a of the EV charging station is:
  • Step 3.1.2 After obtaining the income V a , calculate the electricity fee V p of the EV user.
  • the specific calculation formula is:
  • Step 3.2 The power grid company sends a price incentive signal for demand response, and the EV charging station judges whether to participate in demand response according to the charging, energy storage and distributed photovoltaic power generation of EV users; The response function of the EV charging station to the price; the specific operation is:
  • the duration of EV charging stations participating in demand response is t r
  • the original EV charging load is P tf
  • the energy storage release load is P tg
  • the photovoltaic power generation load is P th
  • the price elasticity of the VIP adjustable factor of VIP users among EC users The coefficient is ⁇ c
  • the electricity price of EV users without VIP level is y a (t r )
  • the electricity price of EV users with VIP level is y b (t r )
  • the calculated load curve P th of EV charging station participating in demand response is :
  • Step 3.3 When EV charging stations formulate a demand response plan, the goal is to increase the revenue of EV charging stations and reduce the revenue of EV users. Combining the calculation model of the revenue V a of the EV charging station in step 3.1 and the calculation model of the electricity fee V p of the EV user, calculate the revenue of the EV charging station in the case of participating in demand response; the specific operation is:
  • the revenue of EV charging stations before participating in demand response is V c
  • the revenue of EV users is V ac
  • the revenue of EV charging stations after participating in demand response is V d
  • the revenue of EV users is V ad
  • Step 3.4 Based on the revenue of the EV charging station calculated in step 3.3, it is judged whether the EV charging station participates in demand response.
  • Step 3.5 Set comparison values ⁇ v and ⁇ u respectively.
  • EV charging is performed according to the number of EV users and the VIP level in the EV charging station.
  • the user's charging power is adjusted to meet the individual needs of EV users and improve the experience of EV users participating in demand response.
  • step 4 it is specifically divided into two parts:
  • Part 1 After the EV charging station participates in demand response, adjust the charging power of EV users according to the number of EV users in the EV charging station and the VIP level, so as to meet the individual needs of EV users and improve the experience of EV users participating in demand response.
  • the operation is:
  • the curve similarity before and after EV users participate in demand response is used to describe the experience of EV users participating in demand response.
  • the time for EV users to participate in demand response is t w
  • the load curve of EV users in the original period is P ca (t w )
  • the load curve after users participate in demand response is P cb (t w )
  • the curve similarity variable X w is calculated.
  • the specific calculation formula is:
  • the value range of t is in [1,t w ], and the larger the value of the curve similarity variable X w is, the smaller the load curve changes after EV users participate in demand response, that is, the better the experience;
  • the EV charging station is the maker of the demand response plan.
  • the charging power of EV users is controlled according to the VIP level, so as to improve the participation of EV users at the corresponding level in demand response.
  • EV user incremental income ⁇ b and participation experience the specific operation is:
  • n 1, 2, 3,..., n z ; the constraints of EV charging stations and EV users are ⁇ a >0, ⁇ b >0.
  • Embodiment 6 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 6
  • the present invention sets the EV After the user demand response is subsidized, the way to reduce the competitive advantage value is to encourage EV users to participate in the demand response of EV charging stations.
  • the specific setting is in the above step 5.
  • the specific operation is to reduce the competitive advantage value of the subsidized EV users after each EV user obtains a subsidy through demand response.
  • the specific operation is:

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Abstract

A competitive-map-based charging station demand response method for an electric vehicle (EV). On the basis of the existing peak-valley charging electricity price difference, the power usage experience and personalized demands of an EV user are taken into consideration, so as to realize more types of electricity price fluctuations for the EV user. During a charging process performed by an EV user, the very important person (VIP) level of the EV user is acquired by means of a competitive map, and the EV user can acquire corresponding financial compensation or a corresponding value-added service according to the VIP level, thereby providing a more personalized experience for the EV user during a service process.

Description

一种基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法A Demand Response Method for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Based on Competitive Graph 技术领域technical field
本发明属于基于计算机的电力交易技术领域，具体地说，涉及一种基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of computer-based power trading, and in particular relates to a demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on competition graphs.
背景技术Background technique
电动汽车(electric vehicle，EV)是指以车载电源为动力，用电机驱动车轮行驶，符合道路交通、安全法规各项要求的车辆。由于对环境影响相对传统汽车较小，其前景被广泛看好。随着新能源汽车的普及与推广，在环保的理念下，电力驱动的新能源的电动汽车(electric vehicle，EV)越来越普及，而针对其充电的管理也面对着更多的调整。An electric vehicle (EV) refers to a vehicle that is powered by a vehicle-mounted power supply, drives the wheels with a motor, and meets the requirements of road traffic and safety regulations. Due to its smaller impact on the environment than traditional cars, its prospects are widely optimistic. With the popularization and promotion of new energy vehicles, under the concept of environmental protection, new energy electric vehicles (electric vehicles, EVs) driven by electricity are becoming more and more popular, and the management of charging them is also facing more adjustments.
需求响应(demand response，DR)即电力需求响应的简称，是指当电力批发市场价格升高或系统可靠性受威胁时，电力用户接收到供电方发出的诱导性减少负荷的直接补偿通知或者电力价格上升信号后，改变其固有的习惯用电模式，达到减少或者推移某时段的用电负荷而响应电力供应，从而保障电网稳定，并抑制电价上升的短期行为。它是需求侧管理(DSM)的解决方案之一。Demand response (demand response, DR) is the abbreviation of power demand response, which means that when the price of the wholesale power market rises or the reliability of the system is threatened, the power user receives a direct compensation notice from the power supply party to reduce the load or the power After the price rise signal, change its inherent customary power consumption mode, to reduce or shift the power consumption load in a certain period of time and respond to the power supply, so as to ensure the stability of the power grid and restrain the short-term behavior of rising power prices. It is one of the solutions for Demand Side Management (DSM).
竞争图谱：将EV充电特征所有指标进行竞争比较，形成竞争比较列表(图谱)，并以此确定EV用户的贵宾级别。Competitive map: Competitively compare all indicators of EV charging characteristics to form a competitive comparison list (map), and use this to determine the VIP level of EV users.
我国将EV充电站需求响应分为传统需求响应方法和“源-荷-储”优化互补需求响应方法。传统需求响应方法以充放电价优化为目标，开展EV充电站需求响应。但传统需求响应只考虑了价格和激励引导下的EV充电负荷控制，对于含分布式能源的EV充电站适用性不强。“源-荷-储”优化互补需求响应方法充分利用EV充电站内的分布式能源、储能装置，实现EV参与需求响应的优化调度。但“源-荷-储”优化互补需求响应方法只考虑了能量的最优控制，未考虑EV用户的个性化需求和充电体验。In my country, EV charging station demand response is divided into traditional demand response method and "source-load-storage" optimization complementary demand response method. Traditional demand response methods aim at charging and discharging price optimization, and carry out EV charging station demand response. However, traditional demand response only considers EV charging load control guided by price and incentives, which is not very applicable to EV charging stations with distributed energy. The "source-load-storage" optimal complementary demand response method makes full use of the distributed energy and energy storage devices in the EV charging station to realize the optimal scheduling of EV participation in demand response. However, the "source-load-storage" optimal complementary demand response method only considers the optimal control of energy, and does not consider the individual needs and charging experience of EV users.
传统需求响应方法以充放电价优化为目标，开展EV充电站需求响应，主要有以下几种：Traditional demand response methods aim at charging and discharging price optimization, and carry out EV charging station demand response, mainly in the following categories:
(1)考虑需求响应不确定性的电动汽车负荷Sigmoid云模型预测：基于EV用户的收益度与响应行为之间的不确定关系，采用Sigmoid模型控制需求响应。(1) Sigmoid cloud model prediction of electric vehicle load considering the uncertainty of demand response: based on the uncertain relationship between EV users' income and response behavior, the Sigmoid model is used to control demand response.
(2)基于需求响应的电动汽车充放电电价与时段研究：以EV用户参与V2G成本最低为目标，开展价格型EV用户需求侧响应策略。(2) Research on electric vehicle charging and discharging electricity price and time period based on demand response: Aiming at the lowest cost of EV users participating in V2G, a price-based EV user demand-side response strategy is carried out.
(3)计及激励型需求响应的电动汽车聚合商充电优化调度：构建经济激励型EV充电模型，以EV聚合商收益最大为目标，实现EV主动需求响应。(3) Optimal scheduling of electric vehicle aggregator charging considering incentive demand response: build an economic incentive EV charging model, aiming at maximizing the revenue of EV aggregators, and realizing EV active demand response.
(4)基于迟滞模型的集群电动汽车参与实时需求响应V2G控制策略研究：通过迟滞控制模型有序控制EV集群的充放电过程，以参与需求响应。(4) Research on the V2G control strategy of cluster electric vehicles participating in real-time demand response based on the hysteresis model: through the hysteresis control model, the charging and discharging process of the EV cluster is controlled in an orderly manner to participate in demand response.
(5)面向微网运营商的电动汽车参与需求侧响应调控策略：以EV充电站运行成本最小为目标，构建了多种需求响应策略。(5) Control strategies for electric vehicle participation in demand-side response for micro-grid operators: With the goal of minimizing the operating cost of EV charging stations, a variety of demand response strategies are constructed.
而“源-荷-储”优化互补需求响应方法充分利用EV充电站内的分布式能源、储能装置，实现EV参与需求响应的优化调度，具体有以下几种方式：The "source-load-storage" optimal complementary demand response method makes full use of the distributed energy and energy storage devices in the EV charging station to realize the optimal scheduling of EV participation in demand response. There are several specific methods:
(1)需求响应的电动汽车充电站多时间尺度随机优化调度：“源-荷-储”资源互补优化，实现EV充电站对价格和激励两种需求响应。(1) Multi-time-scale stochastic optimal scheduling of electric vehicle charging stations for demand response: complementary optimization of "source-load-storage" resources to realize EV charging stations' demand response to price and incentives.
(2)考虑电动汽车充电和需求侧响应的光伏微电网多目标优化调度：以EV充电站微网系统的总体运行费用、电网购电费用最小为目标，通过有序控制充电站的光伏、储能、充电设施，以参与需求响应。(2) Multi-objective optimal scheduling of photovoltaic microgrid considering electric vehicle charging and demand-side response: with the goal of minimizing the overall operating cost of the EV charging station microgrid system and the minimum power purchase cost of the grid, through orderly control of the photovoltaic and storage systems of the charging station Energy, charging facilities to participate in demand response.
(3)基于滚动线性规划的光伏充电站自动需求响应：计算光伏发电功率与EV充电功率的不确定性，采用需求滚动可行域模型进行EV充电站需求响应控制。(3) Automatic demand response of photovoltaic charging stations based on rolling linear programming: Calculate the uncertainty of photovoltaic power generation and EV charging power, and use the demand rolling feasible region model to control the demand response of EV charging stations.
上述的所有的现有技术中，EV充电站“源-荷-储”优化互补需求响应方法多样，但“源-荷-储”优化互补需求响应方法只考虑了能量的最优控制，未考虑EV用户的个性化需求和充电体验。无法给用户个性化的体验。In all the above-mentioned existing technologies, there are various "source-load-storage" optimal complementary demand response methods for EV charging stations, but the "source-load-storage" optimal complementary demand response method only considers the optimal control of energy and does not consider Personalized needs and charging experience of EV users. Unable to personalize the user experience.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有的EV充电市场的扩大及服务的过于粗略的问题，提出了一种基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法，在现有的峰谷充电电价差的基础上，考虑EV用户的用电感受和个性化需求，实现更多类型的EV用户电价浮动。本发明在EV用户充电过程中，通过竞争图谱获取该EV用户的贵宾(Very Important Person,VIP)等级，EV用户可根据VIP等级获取对应的经济补偿或增值服务，实现在服务过程中给EV用户更加个性化的体验。Aiming at the problem of the expansion of the existing EV charging market and the roughness of the service, the present invention proposes a demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on the competition map. On the basis of the existing peak-valley charging price difference, EV According to the user's electricity consumption experience and individual needs, more types of EV user electricity price fluctuations can be realized. The present invention obtains the EV user's VIP (Very Important Person, VIP) level through the competition map during the charging process of the EV user, and the EV user can obtain the corresponding economic compensation or value-added service according to the VIP level, so as to achieve the EV user during the service process. A more personalized experience.
本发明具体实现内容如下：The concrete realization content of the present invention is as follows:
本发明提出了一种基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法，对电动汽车(electric vehicle，EV)的用户即EV(electric vehicle)用户的需求进行分析并根据分析结果进行相应的响应，所述基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法具体包括以下步骤：The present invention proposes a demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on a competition map, which analyzes the needs of users of electric vehicles (EV) and EV (electric vehicle) users and responds accordingly according to the analysis results. The demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on the competition map specifically includes the following steps:
步骤1：对EV用户的特征指标进行改进权重聚类分析，获得EV用户的分类；Step 1: Carry out improved weight clustering analysis on the characteristic indicators of EV users to obtain the classification of EV users;
步骤2：对EV用户的特征指标采用竞争图谱进行分析，获得EV用户的VIP等级；Step 2: Analyze the characteristic indicators of EV users using the competition map to obtain the VIP level of EV users;
步骤3：通过分析EV充电站参与需求响应的综合收益来判断EV充电站是否需要参与对EV用户的需求响应；并制定参与需求响应的相应策略；Step 3: Determine whether EV charging stations need to participate in demand response to EV users by analyzing the comprehensive benefits of EV charging stations participating in demand response; and formulate corresponding strategies for participating in demand response;
步骤4：对于判断为需要参与对EV用户的需求进行需求响应的EV充电站，按照EV用户的VIP等级来参与相应的需求响应，提供根据VIP等级来区分的差异化收益和增值服 务；Step 4: For EV charging stations that are judged to participate in demand response to the needs of EV users, participate in the corresponding demand response according to the EV user's VIP level, and provide differentiated benefits and value-added services based on the VIP level;
步骤5：对已经参与需求响应的VIP用户进行等级调整，从而激励EV用户参与EV充电站进行需求响应的力度。Step 5: Adjust the level of VIP users who have already participated in demand response, so as to motivate EV users to participate in the demand response of EV charging stations.
为了更好地实现本发明，进一步地，在所述步骤1中，对于用户的分类的操作为：采用改进权重法聚类方法，按照EV用户的充电起止时间、充电功率、充电电量、充电位置、充电价格曲线、EV用户充电网龄、EV用户活跃度、EV用户信用进行聚类，具体采用改进权重法聚类方法进行聚类的操作为：In order to better realize the present invention, further, in the step 1, the user classification operation is: adopt the improved weight method clustering method, according to the EV user's charging start and end time, charging power, charging power, charging location , charging price curve, EV user charging network age, EV user activity, and EV user credit for clustering. The specific clustering operation using the improved weight method clustering method is as follows:
步骤1.1：首先，依据行业的典型经验值输入n a个特征指标的初始权重
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000001
得到k个中心；设在k个中心中的第c个聚类中心的特征指标值为k c，c＝(1,2,......,k)，Z om为随机选取的第c个聚类的特征指标值，形成指标评价标准值γ dm，所述指标评价标准值γ dm的具体计算公式为： Step 1.1: First, input the initial weights of n a characteristic indicators according to the typical experience value of the industry
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000001
Get k centers; set the characteristic index value of the c-th clustering center among the k centers to be k c , c=(1,2,...,k), Z om is the randomly selected The characteristic index values of c clusters form the index evaluation standard value γ dm , and the specific calculation formula of the index evaluation standard value γ dm is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000002
步骤1.2：通过指标评价标准值γ dm进行改进，得到指标评价改进信息熵函数γ cd，具体操作为： Step 1.2: Improve the index evaluation standard value γ dm to obtain the index evaluation improved information entropy function γ cd , the specific operation is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000003
步骤1.3：在得到指标评价改进信息熵函数γ cd后，设自然对数为In，继续计算改进信息熵Q st，具体计算公式为： Step 1.3: After obtaining the improved information entropy function γ cd for index evaluation, set the natural logarithm as In, and continue to calculate the improved information entropy Q st , the specific calculation formula is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000004
步骤1.4：在得到改进信息熵Q st后，通过改进信息熵Q st计算出特征指标的改进权重σ ws，具体计算公式为： Step 1.4: After obtaining the improved information entropy Q st , calculate the improved weight σ ws of the feature index through the improved information entropy Q st , the specific calculation formula is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000005
式中，i＝1,2，...，n a； In the formula, i=1,2,...,n a ;
步骤1.5：采用改进权重σ ws对EV用户进行聚类，实现EV用户的特性分类。 Step 1.5: Use the improved weight σ ws to cluster EV users to realize the characteristic classification of EV users.
为了更好地实现本发明，进一步地，在所述步骤2中，在对EV用户进行分类后，基于EV充电站的竞争图谱分析对EV用户的等级进行划分的具体操作为：In order to better realize the present invention, further, in the step 2, after the EV users are classified, the specific operation of classifying the EV users based on the competition map analysis of EV charging stations is as follows:
步骤2.1：在EV充电站的竞争图谱中，设参与竞争的EV用户有n b个，得到EV用户序列B，所述EV用户序列B表示为： Step 2.1: In the competition map of EV charging stations, assuming that there are n b EV users participating in the competition, the EV user sequence B is obtained, and the EV user sequence B is expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000006
步骤2.2：设特征指标有n c个，得到充电场站的EV用户的竞争序列E v，所述EV用户的竞争序列E v表示为： Step 2.2: Assuming that there are n c characteristic indicators, the competition sequence E v of the EV users of the charging station is obtained, and the competition sequence E v of the EV users is expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000007
步骤2.3：设f为竞争函数，得到EV用户的竞争成本C tm，所述EV用户的竞争成本C tm表示为： Step 2.3: Let f be the competition function, and obtain the competition cost C tm of EV users, which is expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000008
步骤2.4：设EV用户竞争优势值的取值范围为0至100，并设
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000009
为第n b个EV用户的竞争成本值，
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000010
为第n b个EV用户的标准化后的成本，则标准化后的成本
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000011
表示为： Step 2.4: Set the value range of the EV user's competitive advantage value from 0 to 100, and set
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000009
is the competition cost value of the n bth EV user,
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000010
is the normalized cost of the n bth EV user, then the normalized cost
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000011
Expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000012
步骤2.5：在得到标准化后的成本
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000013
后，计算第n b个EV用户对应的竞争优势值
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000014
具体计算公式为： Step 2.5: Get the normalized cost
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000013
After that, calculate the competitive advantage value corresponding to the n bth EV user
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000014
The specific calculation formula is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000015
式中，m＝1，2，3，...，n b； In the formula, m=1, 2, 3, ..., n b ;
步骤2.6：将EV充电站内的EV用户的竞争优势值进行排除排序，并划分VIP用户等级和等级对应可享受的增值服务。Step 2.6: Exclude and sort the competitive advantage values of EV users in the EV charging station, and divide VIP user levels and the value-added services that can be enjoyed corresponding to the levels.
为了更好地实现本发明，进一步地，所述步骤5的具体操作为，在每次EV用户通过需求响应获得补贴后，对获得补贴的EV用户的竞争优势值进行降低，具体操作为：In order to better realize the present invention, further, the specific operation of step 5 is to reduce the competitive advantage value of the subsidized EV user after each EV user obtains a subsidy through demand response, and the specific operation is:
对于第n b个EV用户，设在获得补贴后，对其竞争优势值
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000016
降低Δs，得到修正后的竞争优势值为F c，具体计算公式为： For the n bth EV user, set the value of its competitive advantage after receiving the subsidy
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000016
Decrease Δs to get the revised competitive advantage value F c , the specific calculation formula is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000017
为了更好地实现本发明，进一步地，所述步骤3的具体操作为：In order to better realize the present invention, further, the specific operation of the step 3 is:
步骤3.1：对EV充电站收益与EV用户的电费进行分析，获得EV充电站的收益V a计算模型和EV用户的电费V p的计算模型； Step 3.1: Analyze the income of EV charging stations and the electricity charges of EV users, and obtain the calculation model of the income V a of EV charging stations and the calculation model of electricity charges V p of EV users;
步骤3.2：电网公司发出需求响应的价格激励信号，EV充电站根据EV用户充电、储能和分布式光伏发电的情况来判断是否参与需求响应；并对于判断为需要进行需求响应的EV充电站制定EV充电站对价格的响应函数；Step 3.2: The power grid company sends a price incentive signal for demand response, and the EV charging station judges whether to participate in demand response according to the charging, energy storage and distributed photovoltaic power generation of EV users; Response function of EV charging station to price;
步骤3.3：结合步骤3.1的EV充电站的收益V a计算模型和EV用户的电费V p的计算模型，计算在参与需求响应的情况下EV充电站的收益； Step 3.3: Combining the calculation model of the revenue V a of the EV charging station in step 3.1 and the calculation model of the electricity fee V p of the EV user, calculate the revenue of the EV charging station in the case of participating in demand response;
步骤3.4：通过步骤3.3计算得到的EV充电站的收益，进行EV充电站是否参与需求响应的判断。Step 3.4: Based on the revenue of the EV charging station calculated in step 3.3, it is judged whether the EV charging station participates in demand response.
为了更好地实现本发明，进一步地，所述步骤3.1的具体操作为：In order to better realize the present invention, further, the specific operation of the step 3.1 is:
步骤3.1.1：设EV充电站购电时段的时长为t l，购电的电价为q(t l)，销售的电价为y(t l)，购电的功率为P tc，EV充电的功率为P td，购电的时段集合为T ac，则计算得到EV充电站的收益V a为： Step 3.1.1: Set the duration of the EV charging station’s power purchase period as t l , the price of electricity purchased as q(t l ), the price of electricity sold as y(t l ), the power of power purchased as P tc , and the electricity price for EV charging The power is P td , and the set of power purchase periods is T ac , then the calculated revenue V a of the EV charging station is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000018
步骤3.1.2：在得到收益V a后，计算EV用户的电费V p，具体计算公式为： Step 3.1.2: After obtaining the income V a , calculate the electricity fee V p of the EV user. The specific calculation formula is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000019
式中，r＝1，2，...，T ac。 In the formula, r=1, 2, ..., T ac .
为了更好地实现本发明，进一步地，所述步骤3.2中制定响应函数的具体操作为：In order to better realize the present invention, further, the specific operation of formulating the response function in said step 3.2 is:
设EV充电站参与需求响应的时长为t r，原EV充电负荷为P tf，储能释放负荷为P tg，光伏发电负荷为P th，EC用户中的VIP用户的VIP可调因子的价格弹性系数为Δc，未划分VIP等级的EV用户电价为y a(t r)，划分了VIP等级的EV用户电价为y b(t r)，计算得到EV充电站参与需求响应的负荷曲线P th为： Assuming that the duration of EV charging stations participating in demand response is t r , the original EV charging load is P tf , the energy storage release load is P tg , and the photovoltaic power generation load is P th , the price elasticity of the VIP adjustable factor of VIP users among EC users The coefficient is Δc, the electricity price of EV users without VIP level is y a (t r ), and the electricity price of EV users with VIP level is y b (t r ), the calculated load curve P th of EV charging station participating in demand response is :
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000020
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000020
为了更好地实现本发明，进一步地，所述步骤3.3的具体操作为：In order to better realize the present invention, further, the specific operation of the step 3.3 is:
设参与需求响应前的的EV充电站收益为V c，EV用户收益为V ac，参与需求响应后的EV充电站收益为V d，EV用户收益为V ad，计算EV充电站增量收益ω a和EV用户增量收益ω b，计算公式分别为： Suppose the revenue of EV charging stations before participating in demand response is V c , the revenue of EV users is V ac , the revenue of EV charging stations after participating in demand response is V d , and the revenue of EV users is V ad , calculate the incremental revenue of EV charging stations ω a and EV user incremental revenue ω b , the calculation formulas are:
max(ω a)＝V d-V c      (15) max(ω a )=V d -V c (15)
min(ω b)＝V ad-V ac     (16)。 min(ω b )=V ad −V ac (16).
为了更好地实现本发明，进一步地，分别设定比较值Δv和Δu，当步骤3.3中计算得到的EV充电站增量收益ω a大于Δv，EV用户增量收益ω b小于Δu时，即判断EV充电站可以参与需求响应。 In order to better realize the present invention, further, set comparison values Δv and Δu respectively, when the incremental income ω a of the EV charging station calculated in step 3.3 is greater than Δv, and the incremental income ω b of EV users is less than Δu, that is Judging that EV charging stations can participate in demand response.
为了更好地实现本发明，进一步地，在所述步骤4中，具体分为两个部分：In order to better realize the present invention, further, in said step 4, it is specifically divided into two parts:
部分一：在EV充电站参与需求响应后，根据EV充电站内的EV用户数量和VIP等级对EV用户进行充电功率调整，以满足EV用户的个性化需求，提高EV用户参与需求响应的体验，具体的操作为：Part 1: After the EV charging station participates in demand response, adjust the charging power of EV users according to the number of EV users in the EV charging station and the VIP level, so as to meet the individual needs of EV users and improve the experience of EV users participating in demand response. The operation is:
采用EV用户参与需求响应前后的曲线相似度来描述EV用户参与需求响应的体验，设EV用户参与需求响应的时间为t w，EV用户参与原时段的负荷曲线为P ca(t w)，EV用户参与需求响应后的负荷曲线为P cb(t w)，计算曲线相似度变量X w，具体计算公式为： The curve similarity before and after EV users participate in demand response is used to describe the experience of EV users participating in demand response. Suppose the time for EV users to participate in demand response is t w , and the load curve of EV users in the original period is P ca (t w ), EV The load curve after users participate in demand response is P cb (t w ), and the curve similarity variable X w is calculated. The specific calculation formula is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000021
式中，t取值范围在[1,t w]，所述曲线相似度变量X w的值越大，表明EV用户参与需求响应后负荷曲线变化越小，即体验越好； In the formula, the value range of t is in [1,t w ], and the larger the value of the curve similarity variable X w is, the smaller the load curve changes after EV users participate in demand response, that is, the better the experience;
部分二：EV充电站是需求响应方案的制定者，在EV充电站增量收益ω a最大的情况下，按照VIP等级对EV用户的充电功率进行控制，以提高相应级别的EV用户参与需求响应的EV用户增量收益ω b和参与体验，具体操作为： Part 2: The EV charging station is the maker of the demand response plan. When the incremental revenue ω a of the EV charging station is the largest, the charging power of EV users is controlled according to the VIP level, so as to improve the participation of EV users at the corresponding level in demand response. EV user incremental income ω b and participation experience, the specific operation is:
设EV充电站内参与需求响应的EV用户有n z个，EV用户按照VIP等级参与需求响应，VIP等级越高，需求响应的补贴越高，用户参与体验约好好，采用目标函数max F u进行优化，优化算法的目标函数max F u的计算公式为： Assuming that there are n z EV users participating in demand response in the EV charging station, EV users participate in demand response according to the VIP level, the higher the VIP level, the higher the demand response subsidy, and the user participation experience is good, and the objective function max F u is used for optimization , the calculation formula of the objective function max F u of the optimization algorithm is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000022
式中，n＝1,2,3，...，n z；EV充电站与EV用户的约束条件为ω a＞0，ω b＞0。 In the formula, n=1, 2, 3,..., n z ; the constraints of EV charging stations and EV users are ω a >0, ω b >0.
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点及有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
本发明针对当前研究中存在的EV用户个性化需求和充电体验不足的问题，提出了一种基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法，该方法全面考虑了EV充电站需求响应下的EV用户用电感受和个性化需求，基于竞争图谱构建EV用户充电贵宾等级体系，并对不同 的EV用户提供差异化充电服务。Aiming at the problems of EV users' personalized needs and insufficient charging experience in the current research, the present invention proposes a demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on a competition map, which fully considers the EV users under the demand response of EV charging stations Based on electric experience and personalized needs, build EV user charging VIP level system based on competition map, and provide differentiated charging services for different EV users.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明具体流程示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，应当理解，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，因此不应被看作是对保护范围的限定。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术工作人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the described embodiments are only Some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention should not be considered as limiting the scope of protection. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；也可以是直接相连，也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "arrangement", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected; it can also be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.
实施例1：Example 1:
本实施例提出了一种基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法，对电动汽车(electric vehicle，EV)的用户即EV(electric vehicle)用户的需求进行分析并根据分析结果进行相应的响应，如图1所示，所述基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法具体包括以下步骤：This embodiment proposes a demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on a competition map, which analyzes the needs of users of electric vehicles (electric vehicle, EV), that is, EV (electric vehicle) users, and responds accordingly according to the analysis results. As shown in Figure 1, the demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on the competition map specifically includes the following steps:
步骤1：对EV用户的特征指标进行改进权重聚类分析，获得EV用户的分类；Step 1: Carry out improved weight clustering analysis on the characteristic indicators of EV users to obtain the classification of EV users;
步骤2：对EV用户的特征指标采用竞争图谱进行分析，获得EV用户的VIP等级；Step 2: Analyze the characteristic indicators of EV users using the competition map to obtain the VIP level of EV users;
步骤3：通过分析EV充电站参与需求响应的综合收益来判断EV充电站是否需要参与对EV用户的需求响应；并制定参与需求响应的相应策略；Step 3: Determine whether EV charging stations need to participate in demand response to EV users by analyzing the comprehensive benefits of EV charging stations participating in demand response; and formulate corresponding strategies for participating in demand response;
步骤4：对于判断为需要参与对EV用户的需求进行需求响应的EV充电站，按照EV用户的VIP等级来参与相应的需求响应，提供根据VIP等级来区分的差异化收益和增值服务；Step 4: For EV charging stations that are judged to participate in demand response to the needs of EV users, participate in the corresponding demand response according to the EV user's VIP level, and provide differentiated benefits and value-added services based on the VIP level;
步骤5：对已经参与需求响应的VIP用户进行等级调整，从而激励EV用户参与EV充电站进行需求响应的力度。Step 5: Adjust the level of VIP users who have already participated in demand response, so as to motivate EV users to participate in the demand response of EV charging stations.
实施例2：Example 2:
本实施例在上述实施例1的基础上，为了更好地实现本发明，进一步地，在所述步骤1中，对于用户的分类的操作为：采用改进权重法聚类方法，按照EV用户的充电起止时间、 充电功率、充电电量、充电位置、充电价格曲线、EV用户充电网龄、EV用户活跃度、EV用户信用进行聚类，EV用户充电特征指标选取如表1所示。In this embodiment, on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment 1, in order to better realize the present invention, further, in the step 1, the user classification operation is: adopt the improved weight method clustering method, according to EV user The charging start and end time, charging power, charging capacity, charging location, charging price curve, EV user charging network age, EV user activity, and EV user credit are clustered. The selection of EV user charging characteristic indicators is shown in Table 1.
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000023
表1 EV用户特征指标Table 1 EV user characteristic indicators
具体采用改进权重法聚类方法进行聚类的操作为：The specific clustering operation using the improved weight method clustering method is as follows:
步骤1.1：首先，依据行业的典型经验值输入na个特征指标的初始权重
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000024
得到k个中心；设在k个中心中的第c个聚类中心的特征指标值为k c，c＝(1,2,......,k)，Z om为随机选取的第c个聚类的特征指标值，形成指标评价标准值γ dm，所述指标评价标准值γ dm的具体计算公式为： Step 1.1: First, input the initial weights of na characteristic indicators according to the typical experience value of the industry
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000024
Get k centers; set the characteristic index value of the c-th clustering center among the k centers to be k c , c=(1,2,...,k), Z om is the randomly selected The characteristic index values of c clusters form the index evaluation standard value γ dm , and the specific calculation formula of the index evaluation standard value γ dm is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000025
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000025
步骤1.2：通过指标评价标准值γ dm进行改进，得到指标评价改进信息熵函数γ cd，具 体操作为： Step 1.2: Improve the index evaluation standard value γ dm to obtain the index evaluation improved information entropy function γ cd , the specific operation is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000026
步骤1.3：在得到指标评价改进信息熵函数γ cd后，设自然对数为In，继续计算改进信息熵Q st，具体计算公式为： Step 1.3: After obtaining the improved information entropy function γ cd for index evaluation, set the natural logarithm as In, and continue to calculate the improved information entropy Q st , the specific calculation formula is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000027
步骤1.4：在得到改进信息熵Q st后，通过改进信息熵Q st计算出特征指标的改进权重σ ws，具体计算公式为： Step 1.4: After obtaining the improved information entropy Q st , calculate the improved weight σ ws of the feature index through the improved information entropy Q st , the specific calculation formula is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000028
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000028
式中，i＝1,2，...，n a； In the formula, i=1,2,...,n a ;
步骤1.5：采用改进权重σ ws对EV用户进行聚类，实现EV用户的特性分类。EV分类结果如表2所示： Step 1.5: Use the improved weight σ ws to cluster EV users to realize the characteristic classification of EV users. The EV classification results are shown in Table 2:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000029
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000029
表2 EV用户分类表Table 2 EV user classification table
本实施例的其他部分与上述实施例1相同，故不再赘述。Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 1 above, so details are not repeated here.
实施例3：Example 3:
本实施例在上述实施例1-2任一项的基础上，为了更好地实现本发明，进一步地，在所述步骤2中，在对EV用户进行分类后，基于EV充电站的竞争图谱分析对EV用户的等级进行划分的具体操作为：In this embodiment, on the basis of any one of the above-mentioned embodiments 1-2, in order to better realize the present invention, further, in the step 2, after classifying EV users, based on the competition map of EV charging stations The specific operation of analyzing and classifying EV users is as follows:
步骤2.1：在EV充电站的竞争图谱中，设参与竞争的EV用户有n b个，得到EV用户序列B，所述EV用户序列B表示为： Step 2.1: In the competition map of EV charging stations, assuming that there are n b EV users participating in the competition, the EV user sequence B is obtained, and the EV user sequence B is expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000030
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000030
步骤2.2：设特征指标有n c个，得到充电场站的EV用户的竞争序列E v，所述EV用户的竞争序列E v表示为： Step 2.2: Assuming that there are n c characteristic indicators, the competition sequence E v of the EV users of the charging station is obtained, and the competition sequence E v of the EV users is expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000031
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000031
步骤2.3：设f为竞争函数，得到EV用户的竞争成本C tm，所述EV用户的竞争成本C tm表示为： Step 2.3: Let f be the competition function, and obtain the competition cost C tm of EV users, which is expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000032
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000032
步骤2.4：设EV用户竞争优势值的取值范围为0至100，并设
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000033
为第n b个EV用户的竞争成本值，
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000034
为第n b个EV用户的标准化后的成本，则标准化后的成本
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000035
表示为： Step 2.4: Set the value range of the EV user's competitive advantage value from 0 to 100, and set
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000033
is the competition cost value of the n bth EV user,
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000034
is the normalized cost of the n bth EV user, then the normalized cost
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000035
Expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000036
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000036
步骤2.5：在得到标准化后的成本
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000037
后，计算第n b个EV用户对应的竞争优势值
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000038
具体计算公式为： Step 2.5: Get the normalized cost
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000037
After that, calculate the competitive advantage value corresponding to the n bth EV user
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000038
The specific calculation formula is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000039
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000039
式中，m＝1，2，3，...，n b； In the formula, m=1, 2, 3, ..., n b ;
步骤2.6：将EV充电站内的EV用户的竞争优势值进行排除排序，并划分VIP用户等级和等级对应可享受的增值服务。其中增值服务包括免费洗车、小商品兑换等内容。EV用户VIP等级如表3所示。Step 2.6: Exclude and sort the competitive advantage values of EV users in the EV charging station, and divide VIP user levels and the value-added services that can be enjoyed corresponding to the levels. Among them, value-added services include free car washing, small commodity exchange and other content. The VIP levels of EV users are shown in Table 3.
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000040
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000040
表3 EV用户VIP等级Table 3 EV user VIP level
本实施例的其他部分与上述实施例1-2任一项相同，故不再赘述。Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of any one of Embodiments 1-2 above, so details are not repeated here.
实施例4：Example 4:
本实施例在上述实施例1-3任一项的基础上，为了更好地实现本发明，进一步地，在EV充电站需求响应环节，通过分析EV充电站参与需求响应的综合收益，判断EV充电站是否参与需求响应。所述步骤3的具体操作为：In this embodiment, on the basis of any one of the above-mentioned embodiments 1-3, in order to better realize the present invention, further, in the demand response link of EV charging stations, by analyzing the comprehensive income of EV charging stations participating in demand response, it is judged that EV Whether the charging station participates in demand response. The concrete operation of described step 3 is:
步骤3.1：EV充电站的收益来主要源于购电与销售电价之间的价格差异；对EV充电站收益与EV用户的电费进行分析，获得EV充电站的收益V a计算模型和EV用户的电费V p的计算模型；具体操作为： Step 3.1: The income of EV charging stations mainly comes from the price difference between electricity purchase and sales; analyze the income of EV charging stations and the electricity charges of EV users, and obtain the calculation model of the income V a of EV charging stations and the calculation model of EV users. Calculation model of electricity charge V p ; the specific operation is:
步骤3.1.1：设EV充电站购电时段的时长为t l，购电的电价为q(t l)，销售的电价为y(t l)，购电的功率为P tc，EV充电的功率为P td，购电的时段集合为T ac，则计算得到EV 充电站的收益V a为： Step 3.1.1: Set the duration of the EV charging station’s power purchase period as t l , the price of electricity purchased as q(t l ), the price of electricity sold as y(t l ), the power of power purchased as P tc , and the electricity price for EV charging The power is P td , and the set of power purchase periods is T ac , then the calculated revenue V a of the EV charging station is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000041
步骤3.1.2：在得到收益V a后，计算EV用户的电费V p，具体计算公式为： Step 3.1.2: After obtaining the income V a , calculate the electricity fee V p of the EV user. The specific calculation formula is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000042
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000042
式中，r＝1，2，...，T ac。 In the formula, r=1, 2, ..., T ac .
步骤3.2：电网公司发出需求响应的价格激励信号，EV充电站根据EV用户充电、储能和分布式光伏发电的情况来判断是否参与需求响应；并对于判断为需要进行需求响应的EV充电站制定EV充电站对价格的响应函数；具体操作为：Step 3.2: The power grid company sends a price incentive signal for demand response, and the EV charging station judges whether to participate in demand response according to the charging, energy storage and distributed photovoltaic power generation of EV users; The response function of the EV charging station to the price; the specific operation is:
设EV充电站参与需求响应的时长为t r，原EV充电负荷为P tf，储能释放负荷为P tg，光伏发电负荷为P th，EC用户中的VIP用户的VIP可调因子的价格弹性系数为Δc，未划分VIP等级的EV用户电价为y a(t r)，划分了VIP等级的EV用户电价为y b(t r)，计算得到EV充电站参与需求响应的负荷曲线P th为： Assuming that the duration of EV charging stations participating in demand response is t r , the original EV charging load is P tf , the energy storage release load is P tg , and the photovoltaic power generation load is P th , the price elasticity of the VIP adjustable factor of VIP users among EC users The coefficient is Δc, the electricity price of EV users without VIP level is y a (t r ), and the electricity price of EV users with VIP level is y b (t r ), the calculated load curve P th of EV charging station participating in demand response is :
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000043
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000043
步骤3.3：EV充电站在制定需求响应方案时，目标是提高EV充电站收益，降低EV用户收益。结合步骤3.1的EV充电站的收益V a计算模型和EV用户的电费V p的计算模型，计算在参与需求响应的情况下EV充电站的收益；具体操作为： Step 3.3: When EV charging stations formulate a demand response plan, the goal is to increase the revenue of EV charging stations and reduce the revenue of EV users. Combining the calculation model of the revenue V a of the EV charging station in step 3.1 and the calculation model of the electricity fee V p of the EV user, calculate the revenue of the EV charging station in the case of participating in demand response; the specific operation is:
设参与需求响应前的的EV充电站收益为V c，EV用户收益为V ac，参与需求响应后的EV充电站收益为V d，EV用户收益为V ad，计算EV充电站增量收益ω a和EV用户增量收益ω b，计算公式分别为： Suppose the revenue of EV charging stations before participating in demand response is V c , the revenue of EV users is V ac , the revenue of EV charging stations after participating in demand response is V d , and the revenue of EV users is V ad , calculate the incremental revenue of EV charging stations ω a and EV user incremental revenue ω b , the calculation formulas are:
max(ω a)＝V d-V c      (15) max(ω a )=V d -V c (15)
min(ω b)＝V ad-V ac      (16)。 min(ω b )=V ad −V ac (16).
步骤3.4：通过步骤3.3计算得到的EV充电站的收益，进行EV充电站是否参与需求响应的判断。Step 3.4: Based on the revenue of the EV charging station calculated in step 3.3, it is judged whether the EV charging station participates in demand response.
步骤3.5：分别设定比较值Δv和Δu，当步骤3.3中计算得到的EV充电站增量收益ω a大于Δv，EV用户增量收益ω b小于Δu时，即判断EV充电站可以参与需求响应。 Step 3.5: Set comparison values Δv and Δu respectively. When the incremental income ω a of EV charging stations calculated in step 3.3 is greater than Δv, and the incremental income ω b of EV users is less than Δu, it is judged that EV charging stations can participate in demand response .
本实施例的其他部分与上述实施例1-3任一项相同，故不再赘述。Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of any one of Embodiments 1-3 above, so details are not repeated here.
实施例5：Example 5:
本实施例在上述实施例1-4任一项的基础上，为了更好地实现本发明，进一步地，在EV充电站参与需求响应后，根据EV充电站内的EV用户数量和VIP等级进行EV用户充电功率调整，以满足EV用户的个性化需求，提高EV用户参与需求响应的体验。在所述步骤4中，具体分为两个部分：In this embodiment, on the basis of any one of the above-mentioned embodiments 1-4, in order to better realize the present invention, further, after the EV charging station participates in demand response, EV charging is performed according to the number of EV users and the VIP level in the EV charging station. The user's charging power is adjusted to meet the individual needs of EV users and improve the experience of EV users participating in demand response. In the step 4, it is specifically divided into two parts:
部分一：在EV充电站参与需求响应后，根据EV充电站内的EV用户数量和VIP等级对EV用户进行充电功率调整，以满足EV用户的个性化需求，提高EV用户参与需求响应的体验，具体的操作为：Part 1: After the EV charging station participates in demand response, adjust the charging power of EV users according to the number of EV users in the EV charging station and the VIP level, so as to meet the individual needs of EV users and improve the experience of EV users participating in demand response. The operation is:
采用EV用户参与需求响应前后的曲线相似度来描述EV用户参与需求响应的体验，设EV用户参与需求响应的时间为t w，EV用户参与原时段的负荷曲线为P ca(t w)，EV用户参与需求响应后的负荷曲线为P cb(t w)，计算曲线相似度变量X w，具体计算公式为： The curve similarity before and after EV users participate in demand response is used to describe the experience of EV users participating in demand response. Suppose the time for EV users to participate in demand response is t w , and the load curve of EV users in the original period is P ca (t w ), EV The load curve after users participate in demand response is P cb (t w ), and the curve similarity variable X w is calculated. The specific calculation formula is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000044
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000044
式中，t取值范围在[1,t w]，所述曲线相似度变量X w的值越大，表明EV用户参与需求响应后负荷曲线变化越小，即体验越好； In the formula, the value range of t is in [1,t w ], and the larger the value of the curve similarity variable X w is, the smaller the load curve changes after EV users participate in demand response, that is, the better the experience;
部分二：EV充电站是需求响应方案的制定者，在EV充电站增量收益ω a最大的情况下，按照VIP等级对EV用户的充电功率进行控制，以提高相应级别的EV用户参与需求响应的EV用户增量收益ω b和参与体验，具体操作为： Part 2: The EV charging station is the maker of the demand response plan. When the incremental revenue ω a of the EV charging station is the largest, the charging power of EV users is controlled according to the VIP level, so as to improve the participation of EV users at the corresponding level in demand response. EV user incremental income ω b and participation experience, the specific operation is:
设EV充电站内参与需求响应的EV用户有n z个，EV用户按照VIP等级参与需求响应，VIP等级越高，需求响应的补贴越高，用户参与体验约好好，采用目标函数max F u进行优化，优化算法的目标函数max F u的计算公式为： Assuming that there are n z EV users participating in demand response in the EV charging station, EV users participate in demand response according to the VIP level, the higher the VIP level, the higher the demand response subsidy, and the user participation experience is good, and the objective function max F u is used for optimization , the calculation formula of the objective function max F u of the optimization algorithm is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000045
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000045
式中，n＝1,2,3，...，n z；EV充电站与EV用户的约束条件为ω a＞0，ω b＞0。 In the formula, n=1, 2, 3,..., n z ; the constraints of EV charging stations and EV users are ω a >0, ω b >0.
本实施例的其他部分与上述实施例1-4任一项相同，故不再赘述。Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of any one of the foregoing embodiments 1-4, and thus will not be repeated here.
实施例6：Embodiment 6:
本实施例在上述实施例1-5任一项的基础上，为了更好地实现本发明，进一步地，为避免EV用户达到一定VIP级别后需求响应参与度降低的问题，本发明设置了EV用户需求响应获得补贴后，降低竞争优势值的方式，激励EV用户参与EV充电站需求响应力度。具体设置在所述步骤5中，具体操作为，在每次EV用户通过需求响应获得补贴后，对获得补贴的EV用户的竞争优势值进行降低，具体操作为：In this embodiment, on the basis of any one of the above-mentioned embodiments 1-5, in order to better realize the present invention, further, in order to avoid the problem that the EV user's participation in demand response decreases after reaching a certain VIP level, the present invention sets the EV After the user demand response is subsidized, the way to reduce the competitive advantage value is to encourage EV users to participate in the demand response of EV charging stations. The specific setting is in the above step 5. The specific operation is to reduce the competitive advantage value of the subsidized EV users after each EV user obtains a subsidy through demand response. The specific operation is:
对于第n b个EV用户，设在获得补贴后，对其竞争优势值
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000046
降低Δs，得到修正后的竞争优势值为F c，具体计算公式为： For the n bth EV user, set the value of its competitive advantage after receiving the subsidy
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000046
Decrease Δs to get the revised competitive advantage value F c , the specific calculation formula is:
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000047
Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-000047
本实施例的其他部分与上述实施例1-5任一项相同，故不再赘述。Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of any one of the foregoing embodiments 1-5, so details are not repeated here.
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化，均落入本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modifications and equivalent changes made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention all fall within the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法，对电动汽车(electric vehicle，EV)的用户即EV(electric vehicle)用户的需求进行分析并根据分析结果进行相应的响应，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：A demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on a competition map, which analyzes the needs of electric vehicle (electric vehicle, EV) users, that is, EV (electric vehicle) users, and responds accordingly according to the analysis results. Include the following steps:
    步骤1：对EV用户的特征指标进行改进权重聚类分析，获得EV用户的分类；Step 1: Carry out improved weight clustering analysis on the characteristic indicators of EV users to obtain the classification of EV users;
    步骤2：对EV用户的特征指标采用竞争图谱进行分析，获得EV用户的VIP等级；Step 2: Analyze the characteristic indicators of EV users using the competition map to obtain the VIP level of EV users;
    步骤3：通过分析EV充电站参与需求响应的综合收益来判断EV充电站是否需要参与对EV用户的需求响应；并制定参与需求响应的相应策略；Step 3: Determine whether EV charging stations need to participate in demand response to EV users by analyzing the comprehensive benefits of EV charging stations participating in demand response; and formulate corresponding strategies for participating in demand response;
    步骤4：对于判断为需要参与对EV用户的需求进行需求响应的EV充电站，按照EV用户的VIP等级来参与相应的需求响应，提供根据VIP等级来区分的差异化收益和增值服务；Step 4: For EV charging stations that are judged to participate in demand response to the needs of EV users, participate in the corresponding demand response according to the EV user's VIP level, and provide differentiated benefits and value-added services based on the VIP level;
    步骤5：对已经参与需求响应的VIP用户进行等级调整，从而激励EV用户参与EV充电站进行需求响应的力度。Step 5: Adjust the level of VIP users who have already participated in demand response, so as to motivate EV users to participate in the demand response of EV charging stations.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤1中，对于用户的分类的操作为：采用改进权重法聚类方法，按照EV用户的充电起止时间、充电功率、充电电量、充电位置、充电价格曲线、EV用户充电网龄、EV用户活跃度、EV用户信用进行聚类，具体采用改进权重法聚类方法进行聚类的操作为：A demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on a competition graph as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said step 1, the operation for classifying users is: using the improved weight method clustering method, according to EV The user's charging start and end time, charging power, charging capacity, charging location, charging price curve, EV user charging network age, EV user activity, and EV user credit are clustered, and the clustering operation is performed using the improved weight method clustering method for:
    步骤1.1：首先，依据行业的典型经验值输入n a个特征指标的初始权重
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100001
    得到k个中心；设在k个中心中的第c个聚类中心的特征指标值为k c，c＝(1,2,......,k)，Z om为随机选取的第c个聚类的特征指标值，形成指标评价标准值γ dm，所述指标评价标准值γ dm的具体计算公式为：     Step 1.1: First, input the initial weights of n a characteristic indicators according to the typical experience value of the industry
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100001
    Get k centers; set the characteristic index value of the c-th clustering center among the k centers to be k c , c=(1,2,...,k), Z om is the randomly selected The characteristic index values of c clusters form the index evaluation standard value γ dm , and the specific calculation formula of the index evaluation standard value γ dm is:
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100002
    步骤1.2：通过指标评价标准值γ dm进行改进，得到指标评价改进信息熵函数γ cd，具体操作为： Step 1.2: Improve the index evaluation standard value γ dm to obtain the index evaluation improved information entropy function γ cd , the specific operation is:
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100003
    步骤1.3：在得到指标评价改进信息熵函数γ cd后，设自然对数为In，继续计算改进信息熵Q st，具体计算公式为： Step 1.3: After obtaining the improved information entropy function γ cd for index evaluation, set the natural logarithm as In, and continue to calculate the improved information entropy Q st , the specific calculation formula is:
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100004
    步骤1.4：在得到改进信息熵Q st后，通过改进信息熵Q st计算出特征指标的改进权重σ ws，具体计算公式为： Step 1.4: After obtaining the improved information entropy Q st , calculate the improved weight σ ws of the feature index through the improved information entropy Q st , the specific calculation formula is:
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100005
    式中，i＝1,2，...，n a； In the formula, i=1,2,...,n a ;
    步骤1.5：采用改进权重σ ws对EV用户进行聚类，实现EV用户的特性分类。 Step 1.5: Use the improved weight σ ws to cluster EV users to realize the characteristic classification of EV users.
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤2中，在对EV用户进行分类后，基于EV充电站的竞争图谱分析对EV用户的等级进行划分的具体操作为：A demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on a competitive graph as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said step 2, after classifying EV users, the EV charging station is analyzed based on the competitive graph of EV charging stations. The specific operation of dividing the user level is as follows:
    步骤2.1：在EV充电站的竞争图谱中，设参与竞争的EV用户有n b个，得到EV用户序列B，所述EV用户序列B表示为： Step 2.1: In the competition map of EV charging stations, assuming that there are n b EV users participating in the competition, the EV user sequence B is obtained, and the EV user sequence B is expressed as:
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100006
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100006
    步骤2.2：设特征指标有n c个，得到充电场站的EV用户的竞争序列E v，所述EV用户的竞争序列E v表示为： Step 2.2: Assuming that there are n c characteristic indicators, the competition sequence E v of the EV users of the charging station is obtained, and the competition sequence E v of the EV users is expressed as:
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100007
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100007
    步骤2.3：设f为竞争函数，得到EV用户的竞争成本C tm，所述EV用户的竞争成本C tm表示为： Step 2.3: Let f be the competition function, and obtain the competition cost C tm of EV users, which is expressed as:
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100008
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100008
    步骤2.4：设EV用户竞争优势值的取值范围为0至100，并设
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100009
    为第n b个EV用户的竞争成本值，
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100010
    为第n b个EV用户的标准化后的成本，则标准化后的成本
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100011
    表示为：     Step 2.4: Set the value range of the EV user's competitive advantage value from 0 to 100, and set
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100009
    is the competition cost value of the n bth EV user,
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100010
    is the normalized cost of the n bth EV user, then the normalized cost
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100011
    Expressed as:
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100012
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100012
    步骤2.5：在得到标准化后的成本
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100013
    后，计算第n b个EV用户对应的竞争优势值
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100014
    具体计算公式为：     Step 2.5: Get the normalized cost
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100013
    After that, calculate the competitive advantage value corresponding to the n bth EV user
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100014
    The specific calculation formula is:
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100015
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100015
    式中，m＝1，2，3，...，n b； In the formula, m=1, 2, 3, ..., n b ;
    步骤2.6：将EV充电站内的EV用户的竞争优势值进行排除排序，并划分VIP用户等级和等级对应可享受的增值服务。Step 2.6: Exclude and sort the competitive advantage values of EV users in the EV charging station, and divide VIP user levels and the value-added services that can be enjoyed corresponding to the levels.
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法，其特征在于，所述步骤5的具体操作为，在每次EV用户通过需求响应获得补贴后，对获得补贴的EV用户的竞争优势值进行降低，具体操作为：The demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on the competition map according to claim 3, wherein the specific operation of the step 5 is that after each EV user obtains a subsidy through demand response, the subsidized The competitive advantage value of EV users is reduced, and the specific operations are as follows:
    对于第n b个EV用户，设在获得补贴后，对其竞争优势值
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100016
    降低Δs，得到修正后的竞争优势值为F c，具体计算公式为：     For the n bth EV user, set the value of its competitive advantage after receiving the subsidy
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100016
    Decrease Δs to get the revised competitive advantage value F c , the specific calculation formula is:
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100017
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100017
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3的具体操作为：A demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on a competition graph as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific operation of said step 3 is:
    步骤3.1：对EV充电站收益与EV用户的电费进行分析，获得EV充电站的收益V a计算模型和EV用户的电费V p的计算模型； Step 3.1: Analyze the income of EV charging stations and the electricity charges of EV users, and obtain the calculation model of the income V a of EV charging stations and the calculation model of electricity charges V p of EV users;
    步骤3.2：电网公司发出需求响应的价格激励信号，EV充电站根据EV用户充电、储能和分布式光伏发电的情况来判断是否参与需求响应；并对于判断为需要进行需求响应的EV充电站制定EV充电站对价格的响应函数；Step 3.2: The power grid company sends a price incentive signal for demand response, and the EV charging station judges whether to participate in demand response according to the charging, energy storage and distributed photovoltaic power generation of EV users; Response function of EV charging station to price;
    步骤3.3：结合步骤3.1的EV充电站的收益V a计算模型和EV用户的电费V p的计算模型，计算在参与需求响应的情况下EV充电站的收益； Step 3.3: Combining the calculation model of the revenue V a of the EV charging station in step 3.1 and the calculation model of the electricity fee V p of the EV user, calculate the revenue of the EV charging station in the case of participating in demand response;
    步骤3.4：通过步骤3.3计算得到的EV充电站的收益，进行EV充电站是否参与需求响应的判断。Step 3.4: Based on the revenue of the EV charging station calculated in step 3.3, it is judged whether the EV charging station participates in demand response.
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3.1的具体操作为：A demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on a competition map as claimed in claim 5, wherein the specific operation of said step 3.1 is:
    步骤3.1.1：设EV充电站购电时段的时长为t l，购电的电价为q(t l)，销售的电价为y(t l)，购电的功率为P tc，EV充电的功率为P td，购电的时段集合为T ac，则计算得到EV充电站的收益V a为： Step 3.1.1: Set the duration of the EV charging station’s power purchase period as t l , the price of electricity purchased as q(t l ), the price of electricity sold as y(t l ), the power of power purchased as P tc , and the electricity price for EV charging The power is P td , and the set of power purchase periods is T ac , then the calculated revenue V a of the EV charging station is:
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100018
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100018
    步骤3.1.2：在得到收益V a后，计算EV用户的电费V p，具体计算公式为： Step 3.1.2: After obtaining the income V a , calculate the electricity fee V p of the EV user. The specific calculation formula is:
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100019
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100019
    式中，r＝1，2，...，T ac。 In the formula, r=1, 2, ..., T ac .
  7. 如权利要求5所述的一种基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3.2中制定响应函数的具体操作为：A demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on a competition map as claimed in claim 5, wherein the specific operation of formulating the response function in the step 3.2 is:
    设EV充电站参与需求响应的时长为t r，原EV充电负荷为P tf，储能释放负荷为P tg，光伏发电负荷为P th，EC用户中的VIP用户的VIP可调因子的价格弹性系数为Δc，未划分VIP等级的EV用户电价为y a(t r)，划分了VIP等级的EV用户电价为y b(t r)，计算得到EV充电站参与需求响应的负荷曲线P th为： Assuming that the duration of EV charging stations participating in demand response is t r , the original EV charging load is P tf , the energy storage release load is P tg , and the photovoltaic power generation load is P th , the price elasticity of the VIP adjustable factor of VIP users among EC users The coefficient is Δc, the electricity price of EV users without VIP level is y a (t r ), and the electricity price of EV users with VIP level is y b (t r ), the calculated load curve P th of EV charging station participating in demand response is :
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100020
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100020
  8. 如权利要求6所述的一种基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3.3的具体操作为：A demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on a competition map as claimed in claim 6, wherein the specific operation of the step 3.3 is:
    设参与需求响应前的的EV充电站收益为V c，EV用户收益为V ac，参与需求响应后的EV充电站收益为V d，EV用户收益为V ad，计算EV充电站增量收益ω a和EV用户增量收益ω b，计算公式分别为： Suppose the revenue of EV charging stations before participating in demand response is V c , the revenue of EV users is V ac , the revenue of EV charging stations after participating in demand response is V d , and the revenue of EV users is V ad , calculate the incremental revenue of EV charging stations ω a and EV user incremental revenue ω b , the calculation formulas are:
    max(ω a)＝V d-V c    (15) max(ω a )=V d -V c (15)
    min(ω b)＝V ad-V ac    (16)。 min(ω b )=V ad −V ac (16).
  9. 如权利要求8所述的一种基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法，其特征在于，分别设定比较值Δv和Δu，当步骤3.3中计算得到的EV充电站增量收益ω a大于Δv，EV用户增量收益ω b小于Δu时，即判断EV充电站可以参与需求响应。 A demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on a competition map as claimed in claim 8, wherein the comparative values Δv and Δu are respectively set, and when the incremental revenue ω a of the EV charging station calculated in step 3.3 is greater than When Δv, EV user incremental revenue ωb is less than Δu, it is judged that the EV charging station can participate in demand response.
  10. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于竞争图谱的电动汽车充电站需求响应方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤4中，具体分为两个部分：A demand response method for electric vehicle charging stations based on a competition map as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said step 4, it is specifically divided into two parts:
    部分一：在EV充电站参与需求响应后，根据EV充电站内的EV用户数量和VIP等级对EV用户进行充电功率调整，以满足EV用户的个性化需求，提高EV用户参与需求响应的体验，具体的操作为：Part 1: After the EV charging station participates in demand response, adjust the charging power of EV users according to the number of EV users and VIP levels in the EV charging station, so as to meet the individual needs of EV users and improve the experience of EV users participating in demand response. The operation is:
    采用EV用户参与需求响应前后的曲线相似度来描述EV用户参与需求响应的体验，设EV用户参与需求响应的时间为t w，EV用户参与原时段的负荷曲线为P ca(t w)，EV用户参与需求响应后的负荷曲线为P cb(t w)，计算曲线相似度变量X w，具体计算公式为： The curve similarity before and after EV users participate in demand response is used to describe the experience of EV users participating in demand response. Suppose the time for EV users to participate in demand response is t w , and the load curve of EV users in the original period is P ca (t w ), EV The load curve after users participate in demand response is P cb (t w ), and the curve similarity variable X w is calculated. The specific calculation formula is:
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100021
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100021
    式中，t取值范围在[1,t w]，所述曲线相似度变量X w的值越大，表明EV用户参与需求响应后负荷曲线变化越小，即体验越好； In the formula, the value range of t is in [1,t w ], and the larger the value of the curve similarity variable X w is, the smaller the load curve changes after EV users participate in demand response, that is, the better the experience;
    部分二：EV充电站是需求响应方案的制定者，在EV充电站增量收益ω a最大的情况下，按照VIP等级对EV用户的充电功率进行控制，以提高相应级别的EV用户参与需求响应的EV用户增量收益ω b和参与体验，具体操作为： Part 2: The EV charging station is the maker of the demand response plan. When the incremental revenue ω a of the EV charging station is the largest, the charging power of EV users is controlled according to the VIP level, so as to improve the participation of EV users at the corresponding level in demand response. EV user incremental income ω b and participation experience, the specific operation is:
    设EV充电站内参与需求响应的EV用户有n z个，EV用户按照VIP等级参与需求响应，VIP等级越高，需求响应的补贴越高，用户参与体验约好好，采用目标函数max F u进行优化，优化算法的目标函数max F u的计算公式为： Assuming that there are n z EV users participating in demand response in the EV charging station, EV users participate in demand response according to the VIP level, the higher the VIP level, the higher the demand response subsidy, and the user participation experience is good, and the objective function max F u is used for optimization , the calculation formula of the objective function max F u of the optimization algorithm is:
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100022
    Figure PCTCN2021104729-appb-100022
    式中，n＝1,2,3，...，n z；EV充电站与EV用户的约束条件为ω a＞0，ω b＞0。 In the formula, n=1, 2, 3,..., n z ; the constraints of EV charging stations and EV users are ω a >0, ω b >0.
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