WO2022245181A1 - Underwater communication device and method for transmitting/receiving id thereof - Google Patents

Underwater communication device and method for transmitting/receiving id thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022245181A1
WO2022245181A1 PCT/KR2022/007245 KR2022007245W WO2022245181A1 WO 2022245181 A1 WO2022245181 A1 WO 2022245181A1 KR 2022007245 W KR2022007245 W KR 2022007245W WO 2022245181 A1 WO2022245181 A1 WO 2022245181A1
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data
frame
fcs
communication device
underwater communication
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PCT/KR2022/007245
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French (fr)
Korean (ko)
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고학림
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호서대학교 산학협력단
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
    • H04B13/02—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
    • H04L7/04—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an underwater communication device and a method for transmitting and receiving an ID thereof, and more particularly, by using a code division method underwater, a plurality of underwater communication devices can transmit data at the same frequency without limiting the data transmission start time.
  • a code division method underwater a plurality of underwater communication devices can transmit data at the same frequency without limiting the data transmission start time.
  • it relates to an underwater communication device and an ID transmission/reception method that can reduce power consumption by minimizing data transmission time and transmit data for more time with less power.
  • underwater communication devices are installed on fish, fishermen, nets, and equipment installed underwater, and information communication between underwater communication devices is used to monitor fish distribution, recover from underwater accidents, and It is now possible to monitor lifesaving and underwater situation judgments.
  • Each such underwater communication device is given a unique ID (identity), and the transmitting end transmits the signal by including its ID in the transmitted signal, and the receiving end identifies each transmitting end based on the ID of the signal received from the plurality of transmitting ends. should be able to distinguish
  • a general underwater communication device transmits and receives signals wirelessly, and in order to prevent signals transmitted and received between a plurality of underwater communication devices from interfering with each other, ID signals are transmitted using different frequencies between each underwater communication device. Send and receive ID signals at different times.
  • a general underwater communication device should have its own battery due to the nature of the environment in which it is used, but since the transmission time of ID data is long, there is a problem in that the battery must be frequently replaced due to high power consumption.
  • the present invention has been devised to solve the above-described problems, and a plurality of underwater communication devices can transmit data at the same frequency without limiting the data transmission start time by using a code division method underwater, and transmit data.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an underwater communication device capable of reducing power consumption by minimizing time and transmitting data for more time with less power and an ID transmission/reception method thereof.
  • An underwater communication device for achieving the above object is an underwater communication device including a synchronization signal generator for generating a frame synchronization signal for obtaining synchronization of a receiving end when transmitting ID (identity) data.
  • a data generating unit that uses the ID of the underwater communication device as a spreading code and generates a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) corresponding to the data of the spreading code as data; and an ID data transmission unit which directly connects the FCS generated by the data generation unit to the frame synchronization signal generated by the synchronization signal generation unit to form a frame structure and transmits the formed frame structure.
  • the above-described underwater communication apparatus includes a synchronization search unit for searching frame synchronization based on a frame synchronization signal of a frame received from a transmitting end; a despreading unit performing despreading using a plurality of spreading codes included in the received frame; and a transmitter determination unit configured to determine an ID of the transmitter based on the performed despreading.
  • the above-described underwater communication device may further include a redundancy check performer for performing a cyclic redundancy check by using a result of despreading performed by the despreading performer as an FCS.
  • a redundancy check performer for performing a cyclic redundancy check by using a result of despreading performed by the despreading performer as an FCS.
  • the above-described underwater communication device further includes a pilot adding unit for adding a pilot signal to at least one of a front end and a rear end of the FCS generated by the data generating unit, among frames formed by the ID data transmitting unit.
  • a pilot adding unit for adding a pilot signal to at least one of a front end and a rear end of the FCS generated by the data generating unit, among frames formed by the ID data transmitting unit.
  • An ID transmission and reception method for achieving the above object is performed by an underwater communication device, generating a frame synchronization signal for obtaining synchronization of a receiving end when transmitting ID (identity) data;
  • An ID transmission/reception method comprising: taking the ID of the underwater communication device as a spreading code and generating a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) corresponding to data of the spreading code as data; and forming a frame structure by directly connecting the FCS to the frame synchronization signal, and transmitting the formed frame structure.
  • FCS Frame Check Sequence
  • the aforementioned ID transmission/reception method includes the steps of searching for frame synchronization based on a frame synchronization signal of a frame received from a transmitting end; performing inverse spreading using a plurality of spreading codes included in the received frame; and determining the ID of the transmitter based on the performed despreading.
  • the aforementioned ID transmission/reception method may further include a step of performing a cyclic redundancy check by using a result of the despreading performed in the performing despreading step as an FCS.
  • the step of determining the ID of the transmitter if the spreading code included in the received frame is determined to have no error by the step of performing the cyclic redundancy test, the spreading code included in the received frame is determined. It is determined by the ID of the transmitter.
  • the aforementioned ID transmission/reception method may further include adding a pilot signal to at least one of a front end and a rear end of the FCS among frames of the transmitted ID data.
  • a plurality of underwater communication devices can transmit data at the same frequency using the code division method in water without limiting the data transmission start time.
  • power consumption can be reduced by minimizing data transmission time, and data can be transmitted for a longer period of time with a smaller amount of power.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an underwater communication network system to which an underwater communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of an underwater communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a frame structure for general ID transmission.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method of transmitting an ID for itself using a code division method in general.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an ID transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method of adding and transmitting a pilot signal in FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method for transmitting and receiving an ID according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • first, second, A, B, (a), and (b) may be used to describe components of an embodiment of the present invention. These terms are only used to distinguish the component from other components, and the nature, order, or order of the corresponding component is not limited by the term.
  • an element is described as being “connected,” “coupled to,” or “connected” to another element, the element may be directly connected, coupled, or connected to the other element, but not between the element and the other element. It should be understood that another component may be “connected”, “coupled” or “connected” between elements.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an underwater communication network system to which an underwater communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
  • the underwater communication devices 10 and 20 may be implemented as a centrally controlled underwater communication network system. That is, a plurality of underwater communication devices are installed to be fixed or movable, operate as the sensor node 10, and transmit and receive data to and from the central node 20. At this time, the central node 20 may transmit collected data from the plurality of sensor nodes 10 to a ground network (not shown).
  • the underwater communication device is not limited to the centrally controlled underwater communication network system and can be applied to any underwater communication network system capable of one-to-many communication.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of an underwater communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the underwater communication device 100 includes a sync signal generator 102, a data generator 104, an ID data transmitter 106, a sync search unit 108, It may include a despreading unit 110, a transmitter determining unit 112, a redundancy check unit 114, and a pilot adding unit 116.
  • the synchronization signal generator 102 When ID (identity) data is transmitted, the synchronization signal generator 102 generates a frame synchronization signal for obtaining synchronization of a receiving end.
  • the frame synchronization signal is a specific bit or pattern inserted so that the receiving end can identify the start position and end position of the frame, and follows a known method, and a detailed description thereof is omitted here.
  • the data generator 104 takes the ID of the underwater communication device 100 as a spreading code and generates FCS corresponding to the data of the spreading code as data.
  • the spreading code refers to a code multiplied by an information signal for spectrum spreading in a spread spectrum communication method.
  • the ID data transmitter 106 connects the FCS generated by the data generator 104 to the frame sync signal generated by the sync signal generator 102 to form a frame, and transmits the formed frame.
  • the frame structure for ID transmission transmits a frame sync signal (frame sync.) for synchronization acquisition at the receiving end, transmits data corresponding to each communication device, and transmits ID data.
  • FCS Fra Check Sequence
  • FCS is for checking whether or not there is an error in the ID data received from the transmitting end at the receiving end, and corresponds to a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) method for checking whether or not there is an error in the data received from the sending end in digital communication.
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • the FCS is a code that causes the remainder to be 0 when the receiving end divides the data received from the transmitting end by a certain pattern.
  • a communication device using a general code division method transmits its own ID data, as shown in FIG. 4, it spreads the ID data using its own spreading code and transmits it.
  • the ID data is n bits
  • the FCS is k bits
  • the processing gain is m chips
  • the data of the transmission signal excluding the frame synchronization signal is (n+k) x m chips (chips). That is, during this period, the transmitter must continuously transmit signals.
  • chips refer to very fast signal waveforms used to broad-spread digital symbols into the frequency domain. Each pulse of the spreading code waveform is distinct from data bits.
  • the data generation unit 104 uses the ID of the underwater communication device 100 as a spreading code and generates FCS corresponding to each spreading code data as data. It becomes k x n chips.
  • the ID data transmission unit 106 connects the FCS generated by the data generation unit 106 to the frame sync signal to form a frame, and transmits the formed frame to spread the ID data and FCS to form a frame. Compared to this, the amount of data of the transmitted frame can be greatly reduced.
  • the ID is 16 bits
  • the gain of the spreading code is 16 chips
  • the FCS is 8 bits
  • the synchronization search unit 108 searches for frame synchronization based on the frame synchronization signal of the frame received from the transmitting end. That is, the sync search unit 108 identifies the start position and end position of a frame based on the frame sync signal received from the transmitter.
  • a method for the synchronization search unit 108 to search for frame synchronization based on the frame synchronization signal may use a known technique, and a detailed description thereof is omitted here.
  • the despreading performer 110 performs despreading using a plurality of spreading codes included in the frame received from the transmitter, and the transmitter determiner 112 determines the despreading performed by the despreader 110. Based on this, the ID of the transmitting end is determined.
  • the despreading unit 110 can use the despreading result of the frame received from the transmitter as the FCS. have.
  • the redundancy test performer 114 performs a cyclic redundancy test by using the result of despreading performed by the despreading performer 110 as the FCS.
  • the redundancy check performer 114 determines whether there is an error in the received frame according to whether or not the remainder becomes 0 when the result of the despreading is divided by a certain pattern, and determines whether or not there is an error in the frame. If it is determined that there is none, since the number of FCS bits is known based on the frame synchronization signal, the spreading code of the frame calculated by dividing the total number of chips in the frame by the number of FCS bits can be determined as the ID of the transmitter.
  • the redundancy check unit 114 determines each frame spreading code as an ID of a plurality of different transmitters.
  • the pilot adding unit 116 adds a pilot to at least one of the front end of the FCS data generated by the data generator 104, the middle of the FCS data, and the rear end of the FCS data among the frames formed by the ID data transmission unit 106. (pilot) signal is added. That is, as shown in FIG. 6 when the underwater communication device 100 operates as a transmitter, the pilot adder 116 transmits a pilot signal to at least one of the front end of the FCS data, the middle of the FCS data, and the rear end of the FCS data. can be added Such a pilot signal may be used for channel estimation or compensation in a receiving end.
  • ID transmission and reception method according to an embodiment of the present invention can be performed by the underwater communication device 100 shown in FIG.
  • the underwater communication device 100 generates a frame synchronization signal for obtaining synchronization of a receiving end when ID (identity) data is transmitted (S102).
  • the frame synchronization signal is a specific bit or pattern inserted so that the receiving end can identify the start position and end position of the frame, and follows a known method, and a detailed description thereof is omitted here.
  • the underwater communication device 100 uses its own ID as a spreading code and generates FCS corresponding to the data of the spreading code as data (S104).
  • the spreading code refers to a code multiplied by an information signal for spectrum spreading in a spread spectrum communication method.
  • the underwater communication device 100 forms a frame by connecting the generated FCS to the generated frame synchronization signal, and transmits the formed frame (S106).
  • the frame structure for ID transmission transmits a frame synchronization signal (frame sync.) for synchronization acquisition at the receiving end, transmits data corresponding to each communication device, and after ID data corresponds to each ID data.
  • FCS is for checking whether or not there is an error in the ID data received from the transmitting end at the receiving end, and corresponds to a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) method for checking whether or not there is an error in the data received from the sending end in digital communication.
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • the FCS is a code that causes the remainder to be 0 when the receiving end divides the data received from the transmitting end by a certain pattern.
  • a communication device using a general code division method transmits its own ID data, it spreads the ID data using its own spreading code and transmits it.
  • the ID data is n bits
  • the FCS is k bits
  • the processing gain is m chips
  • the data of the transmission signal excluding the frame synchronization signal is (n+k) x m chips (chips). That is, during this period, the transmitter must continuously transmit signals.
  • chips refer to very fast signal waveforms used to broad-spread digital symbols into the frequency domain. Each pulse of the spreading code waveform is distinct from data bits.
  • the underwater communication device 100 uses its own ID as a spreading code and generates FCS corresponding to each spreading code data as data, so that the generated data becomes k x n chips.
  • the underwater communication device 100 connects the FCS generated to the frame synchronization signal to form a frame and transmits the formed frame, thereby spreading the ID data and the FCS to form a frame, compared to the general method of forming a frame. can be greatly reduced.
  • the ID is 16 bits
  • the gain of the spreading code is 16 chips
  • the FCS is 8 bits
  • the underwater communication device 100 may add a pilot signal to at least one of the front end of the FCS data, the middle of the FCS data, and the rear end of the FCS data among the formed frames (S108).
  • a pilot signal may be used for channel estimation or compensation in a receiving end.
  • the underwater communication device 100 When the underwater communication device 100 operates as a receiving end, it searches for frame synchronization based on the frame sync signal of the frame received from the transmitting end (S110). That is, the underwater communication device 100 identifies the start position and end position of the frame based on the frame synchronization signal received from the transmitter.
  • a method for the underwater communication device 100 to search for frame synchronization based on the frame synchronization signal may use a known technique, and a detailed description thereof is omitted here.
  • the underwater communication device 100 performs inverse spreading using a plurality of spreading codes included in the frame received from the transmitter (S112).
  • the underwater communication device 100 can use the result of inverse spreading for the frame received from the transmitter as the FCS. .
  • the underwater communication device 100 performs a cyclic redundancy test using the result of the inverse spreading as the FCS (S114), and can determine the ID of the transmitter based on the inverse spreading (S116). In this case, the underwater communication device 100 determines whether or not there is an error in the received frame according to whether the remainder becomes 0 when the result of the despreading is divided by a certain pattern, and determines whether or not there is an error in the frame. If it is determined to be true, since the number of bits of the FCS is known based on the frame synchronization signal, the spreading code of the frame calculated by dividing the total number of chips in the frame by the number of bits of the FCS can be determined as the ID of the transmitter.
  • each frame spreading code there may be a plurality of frame spreading codes for which the remainder is 0 when the result of despreading is divided by a certain pattern. That is, there may be a plurality of frame spreading codes determined to have no error in the cyclic redundancy check. In this case, it is preferable that the underwater communication device 100 determines each frame spreading code as an ID of a plurality of different transmitters.
  • a plurality of underwater communication devices can transmit data at the same frequency using the code division method underwater without limiting the data transmission start time.
  • the underwater communication device can reduce power consumption by minimizing data transmission time, and can transmit data for more time with less power.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract

An underwater communication device and a method for transmitting/receiving an ID thereof are disclosed. The underwater communication device according to the present invention comprises: a synchronization signal generation unit for generating a frame synchronization signal for the synchronization acquisition of a reception end during the transmission of identity (ID) data; a data generation unit which has an ID of the underwater communication device as a spreading code, and which generates, as data, a frame check sequence (FCS) corresponding to data of the spreading code; and an ID data transmission unit for connecting, to a frame synchronization signal generated by means of the synchronization signal generation unit, the FCS generated by the data generation unit and forming a frame, and transmitting the formed frame as the ID data.

Description

수중 통신장치 및 그 ID 송수신 방법Underwater communication device and its ID transmission/reception method
본 발명은 수중 통신장치 및 그 ID 송수신 방법에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는 수중에서 코드분할 방식을 이용하여 복수의 수중 통신장치가 동일한 주파수로 데이터를 송신하면서도 데이터의 전송 시작 시간에 제한 없이 전송할 수 있으며, 데이터의 전송 시간을 최소화하여 전력소모를 줄이고, 적은 양의 전력으로 보다 많은 시간 동안 데이터를 전송할 수 있는, 수중 통신장치 및 그 ID 송수신 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an underwater communication device and a method for transmitting and receiving an ID thereof, and more particularly, by using a code division method underwater, a plurality of underwater communication devices can transmit data at the same frequency without limiting the data transmission start time. In addition, it relates to an underwater communication device and an ID transmission/reception method that can reduce power consumption by minimizing data transmission time and transmit data for more time with less power.
디지털 전자기기 및 통신기술이 발달함에 따라 어류, 입수자, 그물, 수중에 설치되는 장비 등에 수중 통신장치를 설치하고, 수중 통신장치들 사이의 정보통신을 이용하여 어류분포 감시, 수중 사고복구, 수중 인명구조, 수중 상황판단 등을 모니터링 할 수 있게 되었다.As digital electronic devices and communication technologies develop, underwater communication devices are installed on fish, fishermen, nets, and equipment installed underwater, and information communication between underwater communication devices is used to monitor fish distribution, recover from underwater accidents, and It is now possible to monitor lifesaving and underwater situation judgments.
이와 같은 수중 통신장치는 각각 고유의 ID(identity)를 부여 받으며, 송신단에서는 송신되는 신호에 자신의 ID를 포함시켜 전송하고, 수신단에서는 복수의 송신단으로부터 수신되는 신호의 ID에 기반하여 각각의 송신단을 구별할 수 있어야 한다.Each such underwater communication device is given a unique ID (identity), and the transmitting end transmits the signal by including its ID in the transmitted signal, and the receiving end identifies each transmitting end based on the ID of the signal received from the plurality of transmitting ends. should be able to distinguish
이때, 일반적인 수중 통신장치는 무선으로 신호를 송수신하며, 다수의 수중 통신장치들 사이에 송수신되는 신호들이 서로 간섭되지 않도록 하기 위하여, 각각의 수중 통신장치들 사이에 서로 다른 주파수를 이용하여 ID 신호를 송수신하거나 서로 다른 시간에 ID 신호를 송수신한다.At this time, a general underwater communication device transmits and receives signals wirelessly, and in order to prevent signals transmitted and received between a plurality of underwater communication devices from interfering with each other, ID signals are transmitted using different frequencies between each underwater communication device. Send and receive ID signals at different times.
그런데, 수중에서 음파를 이용하여 신호를 전송하는 수중 무선통신 시스템의 경우, 사용 가능한 주파수가 한정되어 있으며, 또한 서로 다른 시간에 각각의 수중 통신장치가 신호를 전송하기 위해서는 모든 수중 통신장치의 동기가 맞아야 하기 때문에 수중 통신 시스템의 복잡도가 크게 증가하게 되는 문제점이 있다.However, in the case of an underwater wireless communication system that transmits signals using sound waves underwater, the usable frequency is limited, and in order for each underwater communication device to transmit signals at different times, synchronization of all underwater communication devices is required. There is a problem in that the complexity of the underwater communication system greatly increases because it must be right.
또한, 일반적인 수중 통신장치는 사용되는 환경의 특성상 자체적으로 배터리를 구비하여야 하는데, ID 데이터의 전송 시간이 길기 때문에 소비되는 전력이 많아 배터리를 자주 교체하여 주어야 하는 문제점이 있다.In addition, a general underwater communication device should have its own battery due to the nature of the environment in which it is used, but since the transmission time of ID data is long, there is a problem in that the battery must be frequently replaced due to high power consumption.
본 발명은 전술한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 창안된 것으로서, 수중에서 코드분할 방식을 이용하여 복수의 수중 통신장치가 동일한 주파수로 데이터를 송신하면서도 데이터의 전송 시작 시간에 제한 없이 전송할 수 있으며, 데이터의 전송 시간을 최소화하여 전력소모를 줄이고, 적은 양의 전력으로 보다 많은 시간 동안 데이터를 전송할 수 있는 수중 통신장치 및 그 ID 송수신 방법을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다.The present invention has been devised to solve the above-described problems, and a plurality of underwater communication devices can transmit data at the same frequency without limiting the data transmission start time by using a code division method underwater, and transmit data. An object of the present invention is to provide an underwater communication device capable of reducing power consumption by minimizing time and transmitting data for more time with less power and an ID transmission/reception method thereof.
전술한 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 일 측면에 따른 수중 통신장치는, ID(identity) 데이터의 전송 시, 수신단의 동기 획득을 위한 프레임 동기신호를 생성하는 동기신호 생성부를 포함하는 수중 통신장치에 있어서, 상기 수중 통신장치의 ID를 확산코드로 하며, 상기 확산코드의 데이터에 대응하는 FCS(Frame Check Sequence)를 데이터로 생성하는 데이터 생성부; 및 상기 동기신호 생성부에 의해 생성되는 프레임 동기신호에 상기 데이터 생성부에 의해 생성되는 FCS를 직접 연결하여 프레임구조를 형성하며, 형성된 상기 프레임구조를 송출하는 ID데이터 송출부;를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.An underwater communication device according to an aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is an underwater communication device including a synchronization signal generator for generating a frame synchronization signal for obtaining synchronization of a receiving end when transmitting ID (identity) data. a data generating unit that uses the ID of the underwater communication device as a spreading code and generates a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) corresponding to the data of the spreading code as data; and an ID data transmission unit which directly connects the FCS generated by the data generation unit to the frame synchronization signal generated by the synchronization signal generation unit to form a frame structure and transmits the formed frame structure. to be characterized
전술한 수중 통신장치는, 송신단으로부터 수신되는 프레임의 프레임 동기신호에 기반하여 프레임 동기를 검색하는 동기 검색부; 상기 수신된 프레임에 포함된 복수개의 확산코드를 이용하여 역 확산을 수행하는 역확산 수행부; 및 수행되는 상기 역 확산에 기반하여 상기 송신단의 ID를 판단하는 송신단 판단부;를 더 포함할 수 있다.The above-described underwater communication apparatus includes a synchronization search unit for searching frame synchronization based on a frame synchronization signal of a frame received from a transmitting end; a despreading unit performing despreading using a plurality of spreading codes included in the received frame; and a transmitter determination unit configured to determine an ID of the transmitter based on the performed despreading.
전술한 수중 통신장치는, 상기 역확산 수행부에 의해 수행된 역 확산의 결과를 FCS로 사용하여 순환 중복검사를 수행하는 중복검사 수행부;를 더 포함할 수도 있다. 이 경우, 상기 송신단 판단부는 상기 수신된 프레임에 포함된 확산코드가 상기 중복검사 수행부에 의해 에러가 없는 것으로 판단되는 경우, 상기 수신된 프레임에 포함된 확산코드를 상기 송신단의 ID로 판단한다.The above-described underwater communication device may further include a redundancy check performer for performing a cyclic redundancy check by using a result of despreading performed by the despreading performer as an FCS. In this case, when the spreading code included in the received frame is judged to be error-free by the redundancy checking unit, the transmitter determiner determines the spreading code included in the received frame as the ID of the transmitter.
전술한 수중 통신장치는, 상기 ID데이터 송출부에 의해 형성되는 프레임 중, 상기 데이터 생성부에 의해 생성되는 FCS의 전단 및 후단 중의 적어도 하나에 파일럿(pilot) 신호를 추가하는 파일럿 추가부;를 더 포함할 수도 있다.The above-described underwater communication device further includes a pilot adding unit for adding a pilot signal to at least one of a front end and a rear end of the FCS generated by the data generating unit, among frames formed by the ID data transmitting unit. may also include
전술한 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 일 측면에 따른 ID 송수신 방법은, 수중 통신장치에 의해 수행되며, ID(identity) 데이터의 전송 시에 수신단의 동기 획득을 위한 프레임 동기신호를 생성하는 단계;를 포함하는 ID 송수신 방법에 있어서, 상기 수중 통신장치의 ID를 확산코드로 하며, 상기 확산코드의 데이터에 대응하는 FCS(Frame Check Sequence)를 데이터로 생성하는 단계; 및 상기 프레임 동기신호에 상기 FCS를 직접 연결하여 프레임구조를 형성하며, 형성된 상기 프레임구조를 송출하는 단계;를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.An ID transmission and reception method according to an aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is performed by an underwater communication device, generating a frame synchronization signal for obtaining synchronization of a receiving end when transmitting ID (identity) data; An ID transmission/reception method comprising: taking the ID of the underwater communication device as a spreading code and generating a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) corresponding to data of the spreading code as data; and forming a frame structure by directly connecting the FCS to the frame synchronization signal, and transmitting the formed frame structure.
전술한 ID 송수신 방법은, 송신단으로부터 수신되는 프레임의 프레임 동기신호에 기반하여 프레임 동기를 검색하는 단계; 상기 수신된 프레임에 포함된 복수개의 확산코드를 이용하여 역 확산을 수행하는 단계; 및 수행되는 상기 역 확산에 기반하여 상기 송신단의 ID를 판단하는 단계;를 더 포함할 수 있다.The aforementioned ID transmission/reception method includes the steps of searching for frame synchronization based on a frame synchronization signal of a frame received from a transmitting end; performing inverse spreading using a plurality of spreading codes included in the received frame; and determining the ID of the transmitter based on the performed despreading.
전술한 ID 송수신 방법은, 상기 역 확산 수행단계에 의해 수행된 역 확산의 결과를 FCS로 사용하여 순환 중복검사를 수행하는 단계;를 더 포함할 수도 있다. 이 경우, 상기 송신단의 ID를 판단하는 단계는 상기 수신된 프레임에 포함된 확산코드가 상기 순환 중복검사를 수행하는 단계에 의해 에러가 없는 것으로 판단되는 경우, 상기 수신된 프레임에 포함된 확산코드를 상기 송신단의 ID로 판단한다.The aforementioned ID transmission/reception method may further include a step of performing a cyclic redundancy check by using a result of the despreading performed in the performing despreading step as an FCS. In this case, in the step of determining the ID of the transmitter, if the spreading code included in the received frame is determined to have no error by the step of performing the cyclic redundancy test, the spreading code included in the received frame is determined. It is determined by the ID of the transmitter.
전술한 ID 송수신 방법은, 상기 송출되는 ID 데이터의 프레임 중, 상기 FCS의 전단 및 후단 중의 적어도 하나에 파일럿(pilot) 신호를 추가하는 단계;를 더 포함할 수도 있다.The aforementioned ID transmission/reception method may further include adding a pilot signal to at least one of a front end and a rear end of the FCS among frames of the transmitted ID data.
본 발명에 따르면, 수중에서 코드분할 방식을 이용하여 복수의 수중 통신장치가 동일한 주파수로 데이터를 송신하면서도 데이터의 전송 시작 시간에 제한 없이 전송할 수 있게 된다.According to the present invention, a plurality of underwater communication devices can transmit data at the same frequency using the code division method in water without limiting the data transmission start time.
또한, 본 발명에 따르면, 데이터의 전송 시간을 최소화하여 전력소모를 줄일 수 있으며, 적은 양의 전력으로 보다 많은 시간 동안 데이터를 전송할 수 있게 된다.In addition, according to the present invention, power consumption can be reduced by minimizing data transmission time, and data can be transmitted for a longer period of time with a smaller amount of power.
도 1은 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 수중 통신장치가 적용되는 수중 통신망 시스템의 예를 나타낸 도면이다.1 is a diagram showing an example of an underwater communication network system to which an underwater communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
도 2는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 수중 통신장치의 구성을 개략적으로 도시한 도면이다.2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of an underwater communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
도 3은 일반적인 ID 전송을 위한 프레임 구조의 예를 나타낸 도면이다.3 is a diagram showing an example of a frame structure for general ID transmission.
도 4는 일반적으로 코드분할 방식을 이용하여 자신에 대한 ID를 전송하는 방식을 설명하기 위해 도시한 도면이다.4 is a diagram for explaining a method of transmitting an ID for itself using a code division method in general.
도 5는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 ID 전송방식을 설명하기 위해 도시한 도면이다.5 is a diagram for explaining an ID transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
도 6은 도 5에서 파일럿 신호를 추가하여 전송하는 방식의 예를 나타낸 도면이다.FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method of adding and transmitting a pilot signal in FIG. 5 .
도 7은 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 ID 송수신 방법을 나타낸 흐름도이다.7 is a flowchart illustrating a method for transmitting and receiving an ID according to an embodiment of the present invention.
이하, 본 발명의 일부 실시 예들을 예시적인 도면을 통해 설명한다. 각 도면의 구성요소들에 참조부호를 기재함에 있어서, 동일한 구성요소들에 대해서는 비록 다른 도면상에 표시되더라도 가능한 한 동일한 부호로 표시한다. 또한, 본 발명의 실시 예를 설명함에 있어, 관련된 공지 구성 또는 기능에 대한 구체적인 설명이 본 발명의 실시 예에 대한 이해를 방해한다고 판단되는 경우에는 그 상세한 설명은 생략한다. Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present invention will be described through exemplary drawings. In describing the reference numerals for the components of each drawing, the same numerals indicate the same components as much as possible, even if they are displayed on different drawings. In addition, in describing an embodiment of the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known configuration or function hinders understanding of the embodiment of the present invention, the detailed description will be omitted.
또한, 본 발명의 실시 예의 구성 요소를 설명하는 데 있어서, 제1, 제2, A, B, (a), (b) 등의 용어를 사용할 수 있다. 이러한 용어는 그 구성 요소를 다른 구성 요소와 구별하기 위한 것일 뿐, 그 용어에 의해 해당 구성 요소의 본질이나 차례 또는 순서 등이 한정되지 않는다. 어떤 구성 요소가 다른 구성요소에 "연결", "결합" 또는 "접속"된다고 기재된 경우, 그 구성 요소는 그 다른 구성요소에 직접적으로 연결, 결합 또는 접속될 수 있지만, 그 구성 요소와 그 다른 구성요소 사이에 또 다른 구성 요소가 "연결", "결합" 또는 "접속"될 수도 있다고 이해되어야 할 것이다.Also, terms such as first, second, A, B, (a), and (b) may be used to describe components of an embodiment of the present invention. These terms are only used to distinguish the component from other components, and the nature, order, or order of the corresponding component is not limited by the term. When an element is described as being “connected,” “coupled to,” or “connected” to another element, the element may be directly connected, coupled, or connected to the other element, but not between the element and the other element. It should be understood that another component may be “connected”, “coupled” or “connected” between elements.
도 1은 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 수중 통신장치가 적용되는 수중 통신망 시스템의 예를 나타낸 도면이다.1 is a diagram showing an example of an underwater communication network system to which an underwater communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
도 1을 참조하면, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 수중 통신장치(10, 20)는 중앙 제어형 수중 통신망 시스템으로 구현될 수 있다. 즉, 다수의 수중 통신장치는 고정 또는 이동 가능하도록 설치되며, 센서노드(10)로 동작하고, 중앙노드(20)와 데이터를 송수신할 수 있다. 이때, 중앙노드(20)는 복수의 센서노드(10)로부터 취합되는 데이터를 지상의 네트워크(도시하지 않음)로 전송할 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 1, the underwater communication devices 10 and 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented as a centrally controlled underwater communication network system. That is, a plurality of underwater communication devices are installed to be fixed or movable, operate as the sensor node 10, and transmit and receive data to and from the central node 20. At this time, the central node 20 may transmit collected data from the plurality of sensor nodes 10 to a ground network (not shown).
그러나, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 수중 통신장치는 중앙 제어형 수중 통신망 시스템에 한정되어 적용될 수 있는 것은 아니며, 일대다 통신이 가능한 어떠한 수중 통신망 시스템이라도 적용이 가능하다.However, the underwater communication device according to the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the centrally controlled underwater communication network system and can be applied to any underwater communication network system capable of one-to-many communication.
도 2는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 수중 통신장치의 구성을 개략적으로 도시한 도면이다.2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of an underwater communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
도 2를 참조하면, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 수중 통신장치(100)는 동기신호 생성부(102), 데이터 생성부(104), ID데이터 송출부(106), 동기 검색부(108), 역확산 수행부(110), 송신단 판단부(112), 중복검사 수행부(114), 및 파일럿 추가부(116)를 포함할 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 2, the underwater communication device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a sync signal generator 102, a data generator 104, an ID data transmitter 106, a sync search unit 108, It may include a despreading unit 110, a transmitter determining unit 112, a redundancy check unit 114, and a pilot adding unit 116.
동기신호 생성부(102)는 ID(identity) 데이터의 송출 시, 수신단의 동기 획득을 위한 프레임 동기신호를 생성한다. 여기서, 프레임 동기신호는 수신단이 프레임의 시작 위치 및 종료 위치를 식별할 수 있도록 삽입하는 특정 비트 또는 패턴으로서, 공지된 방법을 따르며, 여기서는 그 상세한 설명을 생략한다.When ID (identity) data is transmitted, the synchronization signal generator 102 generates a frame synchronization signal for obtaining synchronization of a receiving end. Here, the frame synchronization signal is a specific bit or pattern inserted so that the receiving end can identify the start position and end position of the frame, and follows a known method, and a detailed description thereof is omitted here.
데이터 생성부(104)는 수중 통신장치(100)의 ID를 확산코드로 하며, 확산코드의 데이터에 대응하는 FCS를 데이터로 생성한다. 여기서, 확산코드는 확산대역 통신방식에서 대역확산용으로 정보신호에 곱해지는 코드를 말한다. The data generator 104 takes the ID of the underwater communication device 100 as a spreading code and generates FCS corresponding to the data of the spreading code as data. Here, the spreading code refers to a code multiplied by an information signal for spectrum spreading in a spread spectrum communication method.
ID 데이터 송출부(106)는 동기신호 생성부(102)에 의해 생성되는 프레임 동기신호에 데이터 생성부(104)에 의해 생성되는 FCS를 연결하여 프레임을 형성하며, 형성된 프레임을 송출한다.The ID data transmitter 106 connects the FCS generated by the data generator 104 to the frame sync signal generated by the sync signal generator 102 to form a frame, and transmits the formed frame.
일반적으로 ID 전송을 위한 프레임 구조는 도 3에 도시한 바와 같이, 수신단에서의 동기 획득을 위한 프레임 동기신호(frame sync.)를 전송하고, 각각의 통신장치에 해당하는 데이터를 전송하며, ID 데이터의 이후에는 각 ID 데이터에 해당하는 FCS(Frame Check Sequence)를 전송한다. 여기서, FCS는 수신단에서 송신단으로부터 수신된 ID 데이터의 에러 유무를 점검하기 위한 것으로서, 디지털 통신에서 송신단으로부터 수신된 데이터의 에러 유무를 점검하기 위한 순환 중복검사(CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check) 방식에 해당한다. 이때, FCS는 수신단에서 송신단으로부터 수신된 데이터를 일정한 패턴으로 나누었을 때 나머지가 0이 되도록 하는 코드이다.In general, as shown in FIG. 3, the frame structure for ID transmission transmits a frame sync signal (frame sync.) for synchronization acquisition at the receiving end, transmits data corresponding to each communication device, and transmits ID data. After , FCS (Frame Check Sequence) corresponding to each ID data is transmitted. Here, FCS is for checking whether or not there is an error in the ID data received from the transmitting end at the receiving end, and corresponds to a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) method for checking whether or not there is an error in the data received from the sending end in digital communication. . In this case, the FCS is a code that causes the remainder to be 0 when the receiving end divides the data received from the transmitting end by a certain pattern.
일반적인 코드분할 방식을 이용한 통신장치는 자신에 대한 ID 데이터를 전송할 때, 도 4에 도시한 바와 같이, ID 데이터를 자신의 확산코드를 이용하여 확산시켜 전송한다. 이때, ID 데이터가 n 비트(bits)이며, FCS가 k 비트이고, 확산이득(processing gain)이 m 칩(chips)인 경우, 프레임 동기신호를 제외한 전송신호의 데이터는 (n+k) x m 칩(chips)이 된다. 즉, 이 기간 동안 송신단은 계속 신호를 전송해야 한다. 여기서, 칩(chips)은 디지털 심볼(symbol)을 주파수영역 상으로 대역확산 시키기 위해 사용되는 아주 빠른 신호 파형을 말하는 것으로서, 확산코드 파형 하나하나의 펄스이며, 데이터 비트(bit)와는 구별된다. When a communication device using a general code division method transmits its own ID data, as shown in FIG. 4, it spreads the ID data using its own spreading code and transmits it. At this time, if the ID data is n bits, the FCS is k bits, and the processing gain is m chips, the data of the transmission signal excluding the frame synchronization signal is (n+k) x m chips (chips). That is, during this period, the transmitter must continuously transmit signals. Here, chips refer to very fast signal waveforms used to broad-spread digital symbols into the frequency domain. Each pulse of the spreading code waveform is distinct from data bits.
이에 대하여, 데이터 생성부(104)는 도 5에 도시한 바와 같이, 수중 통신장치(100)의 ID를 확산코드로 하고, 각 확산코드 데이터에 해당하는 FCS를 데이터로 생성하면, 생성되는 데이터는 k x n 칩이 된다. In contrast, as shown in FIG. 5, the data generation unit 104 uses the ID of the underwater communication device 100 as a spreading code and generates FCS corresponding to each spreading code data as data. It becomes k x n chips.
ID데이터 송출부(106)는 프레임 동기신호에 데이터 생성부(106)에 의해 생성되는 FCS를 연결하여 프레임을 형성하고, 형성된 프레임을 송출함으로써, ID 데이터와 FCS를 확산시켜 프레임을 형성하는 일반적인 방식에 비해 전송되는 프레임의 데이터의 양을 크게 줄일 수 있다.The ID data transmission unit 106 connects the FCS generated by the data generation unit 106 to the frame sync signal to form a frame, and transmits the formed frame to spread the ID data and FCS to form a frame. Compared to this, the amount of data of the transmitted frame can be greatly reduced.
예를 들어, ID가 16 비트이고, 확산코드의 이득이 16 칩이며, FCS가 8 비트인 경우, 일반적인 방식에 따라 ID 데이터를 전송하면, 프레임 동기신호를 제외하고 (16 비트 + 8 비트) x 16 칩 = 384 칩의 데이터 양을 전송하여야 한다. For example, if the ID is 16 bits, the gain of the spreading code is 16 chips, and the FCS is 8 bits, if the ID data is transmitted according to the general method, (16 bits + 8 bits) x except for the frame synchronization signal 16 chips = 384 chips of data must be transmitted.
그러나, 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 ID를 확산코드로 하며, 확산코드의 데이터에 대응하는 FCS를 전송하면, 16 칩 x 8 비트 = 128 칩만을 전송하면 되기 때문에 전송되는 데이터의 양이 1/3로 감소한다.However, according to the embodiment of the present invention, if the ID is used as a spreading code and the FCS corresponding to the data of the spreading code is transmitted, only 16 chips x 8 bits = 128 chips need to be transmitted, so the amount of data to be transmitted is 1/3. decreases to
수중 통신에서 신호 전송 시에 소모되는 전력은 가장 큰 전력소모 중의 하나를 차지한다. 따라서 신호 전송 시간을 줄이면, 같은 용량의 배터리로도 많은 시간 동안 신호를 전송할 수 있다. 즉, 수중에 있는 수중 통신장치가 자신의 ID를 주기적으로 전송하는 경우, 일반적인 신호 전송에 비하여 데이터의 전송 양이 1/3로 감소하면 그 만큼 배터리 소모량이 감소하여 같은 용량의 배터리로 더 많은 시간 동안 사용할 수 있다. 이와 같은 구성 및 기능은 수중이 아닌 육상에서도 서로 다른 통신장치의 ID를 찾는데 이용할 수 있다.In underwater communication, power consumed during signal transmission occupies one of the largest power consumption. Therefore, if the signal transmission time is reduced, the signal can be transmitted for a long time even with a battery of the same capacity. In other words, when an underwater communication device periodically transmits its ID, if the amount of data transmission is reduced to 1/3 compared to normal signal transmission, battery consumption is reduced by that much, so that more time with the same capacity battery can be used during Such a configuration and function can be used to find IDs of different communication devices not underwater but on land.
동기 검색부(108)는 수중 통신장치(100)가 수신단으로 동작하는 경우, 송신단으로부터 수신되는 프레임의 프레임 동기신호에 기반하여 프레임 동기를 검색한다. 즉, 동기 검색부(108)는 송신단으로부터 수신되는 프레임 동기신호에 기반하여 프레임의 시작 위치 및 종료 위치를 식별한다. 동기 검색부(108)가 프레임 동기신호에 기반하여 프레임 동기를 검색하는 방법은 공지된 기술을 이용할 수 있으며, 여기서는 그 상세한 설명을 생략한다.When the underwater communication device 100 operates as a receiving end, the synchronization search unit 108 searches for frame synchronization based on the frame synchronization signal of the frame received from the transmitting end. That is, the sync search unit 108 identifies the start position and end position of a frame based on the frame sync signal received from the transmitter. A method for the synchronization search unit 108 to search for frame synchronization based on the frame synchronization signal may use a known technique, and a detailed description thereof is omitted here.
역확산 수행부(110)는 송신단으로부터 수신된 프레임에 포함된 복수개의 확산코드를 이용하여 역 확산을 수행하며, 송신단 판단부(112)는 역확산 수행부(110)에 의해 수행되는 역 확산에 기반하여 송신단의 ID를 판단한다. The despreading performer 110 performs despreading using a plurality of spreading codes included in the frame received from the transmitter, and the transmitter determiner 112 determines the despreading performed by the despreader 110. Based on this, the ID of the transmitting end is determined.
이때, 송신단은 자신의 ID를 확산코드로 하며, 확산코드에 대응하는 FCS를 데이터로 하여 전송하였으므로, 역확산 수행부(110)는 송신단으로부터 수신된 프레임에 대한 역 확산의 결과를 FCS로 사용할 수 있다.At this time, since the transmitter uses its own ID as the spreading code and transmits the FCS corresponding to the spreading code as data, the despreading unit 110 can use the despreading result of the frame received from the transmitter as the FCS. have.
중복검사 수행부(114)는 역확산 수행부(110)에 의해 수행되는 역 확산의 결과를 FCS로 사용하여 순환 중복검사를 수행한다. 이 경우, 중복검사 수행부(114)는 역 확산의 결과를 일정한 패턴으로 나누었을 때에 그 나머지가 0이 되는지의 여부에 따라 수신된 프레임에 에러가 있는지의 유무를 결정하며, 해당 프레임에 에러가 없는 것으로 판단되는 경우에 프레임 동기신호에 기반하여 FCS의 비트 수를 알고 있으므로, 프레임의 전체 칩 수를 FCS의 비트 수로 나누어 계산되는 프레임의 확산코드를 송신단의 ID로 판단할 수 있다. 이때, 역 확산의 결과를 일정한 패턴으로 나누었을 때에 그 나머지가 0이 되는 프레임 확산코드가 복수일 수 있다. 즉, 순환 중복검사의 에러가 없는 것으로 판단되는 프레임 확산코드가 복수일 수 있다. 이 경우, 중복검사 수행부(114)는 각각의 프레임 확산코드를 서로 다른 복수의 송신단의 ID로 판단하는 것이 바람직하다.The redundancy test performer 114 performs a cyclic redundancy test by using the result of despreading performed by the despreading performer 110 as the FCS. In this case, the redundancy check performer 114 determines whether there is an error in the received frame according to whether or not the remainder becomes 0 when the result of the despreading is divided by a certain pattern, and determines whether or not there is an error in the frame. If it is determined that there is none, since the number of FCS bits is known based on the frame synchronization signal, the spreading code of the frame calculated by dividing the total number of chips in the frame by the number of FCS bits can be determined as the ID of the transmitter. At this time, there may be a plurality of frame spreading codes for which the remainder is 0 when the result of despreading is divided by a certain pattern. That is, there may be a plurality of frame spreading codes determined to have no error in the cyclic redundancy check. In this case, it is preferable that the redundancy check unit 114 determines each frame spreading code as an ID of a plurality of different transmitters.
파일럿 추가부(116)는 ID데이터 송출부(106)에 의해 형성되는 프레임 중, 데이터 생성부(104)에 의해 생성되는 FCS 데이터의 전단, FCS 데이터의 중간 및 FCS 데이터의 후단 중의 적어도 하나에 파일럿(pilot) 신호를 추가한다. 즉, 파일럿 추가부(116)는 수중 통신장치(100)가 송신단으로 동작할 때에 도 6에 도시한 바와 같이, FCS 데이터의 전단, FCS 데이터의 중간 및 FCS 데이터의 후단 중의 적어도 하나에 파일럿 신호를 추가할 수 있다. 이와 같은 파일럿 신호는 수신단에서의 채널 추정이나 보상을 위한 용도로 이용될 수 있다.The pilot adding unit 116 adds a pilot to at least one of the front end of the FCS data generated by the data generator 104, the middle of the FCS data, and the rear end of the FCS data among the frames formed by the ID data transmission unit 106. (pilot) signal is added. That is, as shown in FIG. 6 when the underwater communication device 100 operates as a transmitter, the pilot adder 116 transmits a pilot signal to at least one of the front end of the FCS data, the middle of the FCS data, and the rear end of the FCS data. can be added Such a pilot signal may be used for channel estimation or compensation in a receiving end.
도 7은 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 ID 송수신 방법을 나타낸 흐름도이다. 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 ID 송수신 방법은 도 2에 나타낸 수중 통신장치(100)에 의해 수행될 수 있다.7 is a flowchart illustrating a method for transmitting and receiving an ID according to an embodiment of the present invention. ID transmission and reception method according to an embodiment of the present invention can be performed by the underwater communication device 100 shown in FIG.
도 1 내지 도 7을 참조하면, 수중 통신장치(100)는 ID(identity) 데이터의 송출 시, 수신단의 동기 획득을 위한 프레임 동기신호를 생성한다(S102). 여기서, 프레임 동기신호는 수신단이 프레임의 시작 위치 및 종료 위치를 식별할 수 있도록 삽입하는 특정 비트 또는 패턴으로서, 공지된 방법을 따르며, 여기서는 그 상세한 설명을 생략한다.Referring to FIGS. 1 to 7 , the underwater communication device 100 generates a frame synchronization signal for obtaining synchronization of a receiving end when ID (identity) data is transmitted (S102). Here, the frame synchronization signal is a specific bit or pattern inserted so that the receiving end can identify the start position and end position of the frame, and follows a known method, and a detailed description thereof is omitted here.
수중 통신장치(100)는 자신의 ID를 확산코드로 하며, 확산코드의 데이터에 대응하는 FCS를 데이터로 생성한다(S104). 여기서, 확산코드는 확산대역 통신방식에서 대역확산용으로 정보신호에 곱해지는 코드를 말한다. The underwater communication device 100 uses its own ID as a spreading code and generates FCS corresponding to the data of the spreading code as data (S104). Here, the spreading code refers to a code multiplied by an information signal for spectrum spreading in a spread spectrum communication method.
수중 통신장치(100)는 생성되는 프레임 동기신호에 생성되는 FCS를 연결하여 프레임을 형성하며, 형성된 프레임을 송출한다(S106).The underwater communication device 100 forms a frame by connecting the generated FCS to the generated frame synchronization signal, and transmits the formed frame (S106).
일반적으로 ID 전송을 위한 프레임 구조는 수신단에서의 동기 획득을 위한 프레임 동기신호(frame sync.)를 전송하고, 각각의 통신장치에 해당하는 데이터를 전송하며, ID 데이터의 이후에는 각 ID 데이터에 해당하는 FCS(Frame Check Sequence)를 전송한다. 여기서, FCS는 수신단에서 송신단으로부터 수신된 ID 데이터의 에러 유무를 점검하기 위한 것으로서, 디지털 통신에서 송신단으로부터 수신된 데이터의 에러 유무를 점검하기 위한 순환 중복검사(CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check) 방식에 해당한다. 이때, FCS는 수신단에서 송신단으로부터 수신된 데이터를 일정한 패턴으로 나누었을 때 나머지가 0이 되도록 하는 코드이다.In general, the frame structure for ID transmission transmits a frame synchronization signal (frame sync.) for synchronization acquisition at the receiving end, transmits data corresponding to each communication device, and after ID data corresponds to each ID data. transmits the FCS (Frame Check Sequence). Here, FCS is for checking whether or not there is an error in the ID data received from the transmitting end at the receiving end, and corresponds to a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) method for checking whether or not there is an error in the data received from the sending end in digital communication. . In this case, the FCS is a code that causes the remainder to be 0 when the receiving end divides the data received from the transmitting end by a certain pattern.
일반적인 코드분할 방식을 이용한 통신장치는 자신에 대한 ID 데이터를 전송할 때, ID 데이터를 자신의 확산코드를 이용하여 확산시켜 전송한다. 이때, ID 데이터가 n 비트(bits)이며, FCS가 k 비트이고, 확산이득(processing gain)이 m 칩(chips)인 경우, 프레임 동기신호를 제외한 전송신호의 데이터는 (n+k) x m 칩(chips)이 된다. 즉, 이 기간 동안 송신단은 계속 신호를 전송해야 한다. 여기서, 칩(chips)은 디지털 심볼(symbol)을 주파수영역 상으로 대역확산 시키기 위해 사용되는 아주 빠른 신호 파형을 말하는 것으로서, 확산코드 파형 하나하나의 펄스이며, 데이터 비트(bit)와는 구별된다. When a communication device using a general code division method transmits its own ID data, it spreads the ID data using its own spreading code and transmits it. At this time, if the ID data is n bits, the FCS is k bits, and the processing gain is m chips, the data of the transmission signal excluding the frame synchronization signal is (n+k) x m chips (chips). That is, during this period, the transmitter must continuously transmit signals. Here, chips refer to very fast signal waveforms used to broad-spread digital symbols into the frequency domain. Each pulse of the spreading code waveform is distinct from data bits.
이에 대하여, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 수중 통신장치(100)는 자신의 ID를 확산코드로 하고, 각 확산코드 데이터에 해당하는 FCS를 데이터로 생성함으로써, 생성되는 데이터는 k x n 칩이 된다. In contrast, the underwater communication device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention uses its own ID as a spreading code and generates FCS corresponding to each spreading code data as data, so that the generated data becomes k x n chips.
수중 통신장치(100)는 프레임 동기신호에 생성되는 FCS를 연결하여 프레임을 형성하고, 형성된 프레임을 송출함으로써, ID 데이터와 FCS를 확산시켜 프레임을 형성하는 일반적인 방식에 비해 전송되는 프레임의 데이터의 양을 크게 줄일 수 있다.The underwater communication device 100 connects the FCS generated to the frame synchronization signal to form a frame and transmits the formed frame, thereby spreading the ID data and the FCS to form a frame, compared to the general method of forming a frame. can be greatly reduced.
예를 들어, ID가 16 비트이고, 확산코드의 이득이 16 칩이며, FCS가 8 비트인 경우, 일반적인 방식에 따라 ID 데이터를 전송하면, 프레임 동기신호를 제외하고 (16 비트 + 8 비트) x 16 칩 = 384 칩의 데이터 양을 전송하여야 한다. For example, if the ID is 16 bits, the gain of the spreading code is 16 chips, and the FCS is 8 bits, if the ID data is transmitted according to the general method, (16 bits + 8 bits) x except for the frame synchronization signal 16 chips = 384 chips of data must be transmitted.
그러나, 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 ID를 확산코드로 하며, 확산코드의 데이터에 대응하는 FCS를 전송하면, 16 칩 x 8 비트 = 128 칩만을 전송하면 되기 때문에 전송되는 데이터의 양이 1/3로 감소한다.However, according to the embodiment of the present invention, if the ID is used as a spreading code and the FCS corresponding to the data of the spreading code is transmitted, only 16 chips x 8 bits = 128 chips need to be transmitted, so the amount of data to be transmitted is 1/3. decreases to
수중 통신에서 신호 전송 시에 소모되는 전력은 가장 큰 전력소모 중의 하나를 차지한다. 따라서 신호 전송 시간을 줄이면, 같은 용량의 배터리로도 많은 시간 동안 신호를 전송할 수 있다. 즉, 수중에 있는 수중 통신장치가 자신의 ID를 주기적으로 전송하는 경우, 일반적인 신호 전송에 비하여 데이터의 전송 양이 1/3로 감소하면 그 만큼 배터리 소모량이 감소하여 같은 용량의 배터리로 더 많은 시간 동안 사용할 수 있다. 이와 같은 구성 및 기능은 수중이 아닌 육상에서도 서로 다른 통신장치의 ID를 찾는데 이용할 수 있다.In underwater communication, power consumed during signal transmission occupies one of the largest power consumption. Therefore, if the signal transmission time is reduced, the signal can be transmitted for a long time even with a battery of the same capacity. In other words, when an underwater communication device periodically transmits its ID, if the amount of data transmission is reduced to 1/3 compared to normal signal transmission, battery consumption is reduced by that much, so that more time with the same capacity battery can be used during Such a configuration and function can be used to find IDs of different communication devices not underwater but on land.
한편, 수중 통신장치(100)는 형성되는 프레임 중, FCS 데이터의 전단, FCS 데이터의 중간 및 FCS 데이터의 후단 중의 적어도 하나에 파일럿(pilot) 신호를 추가할 수 있다(S108). 이와 같은 파일럿 신호는 수신단에서의 채널 추정이나 보상을 위한 용도로 이용될 수 있다.Meanwhile, the underwater communication device 100 may add a pilot signal to at least one of the front end of the FCS data, the middle of the FCS data, and the rear end of the FCS data among the formed frames (S108). Such a pilot signal may be used for channel estimation or compensation in a receiving end.
수중 통신장치(100)는 수신단으로 동작하는 경우, 송신단으로부터 수신되는 프레임의 프레임 동기신호에 기반하여 프레임 동기를 검색한다(S110). 즉, 수중 통신장치(100)는 송신단으로부터 수신되는 프레임 동기신호에 기반하여 프레임의 시작 위치 및 종료 위치를 식별한다. 수중 통신장치(100)가 프레임 동기신호에 기반하여 프레임 동기를 검색하는 방법은 공지된 기술을 이용할 수 있으며, 여기서는 그 상세한 설명을 생략한다.When the underwater communication device 100 operates as a receiving end, it searches for frame synchronization based on the frame sync signal of the frame received from the transmitting end (S110). That is, the underwater communication device 100 identifies the start position and end position of the frame based on the frame synchronization signal received from the transmitter. A method for the underwater communication device 100 to search for frame synchronization based on the frame synchronization signal may use a known technique, and a detailed description thereof is omitted here.
수중 통신장치(100)는 송신단으로부터 수신된 프레임에 포함된 복수개의 확산코드를 이용하여 역 확산을 수행한다(S112). The underwater communication device 100 performs inverse spreading using a plurality of spreading codes included in the frame received from the transmitter (S112).
이때, 송신단은 자신의 ID를 확산코드로 하며, 확산코드에 대응하는 FCS를 데이터로 하여 전송하였으므로, 수중 통신장치(100)는 송신단으로부터 수신된 프레임에 대한 역 확산의 결과를 FCS로 사용할 수 있다.At this time, since the transmitter uses its own ID as the spreading code and transmits the FCS corresponding to the spreading code as data, the underwater communication device 100 can use the result of inverse spreading for the frame received from the transmitter as the FCS. .
수중 통신장치(100)는 수행되는 역 확산의 결과를 FCS로 사용하여 순환 중복검사를 수행하며(S114), 역 확산에 기반하여 송신단의 ID를 판단할 수 있다(S116). 이 경우, 수중 통신장치(100)는 역 확산의 결과를 일정한 패턴으로 나누었을 때에 그 나머지가 0이 되는지의 여부에 따라 수신된 프레임에 에러가 있는지의 유무를 결정하며, 해당 프레임에 에러가 없는 것으로 판단되는 경우에 프레임 동기신호에 기반하여 FCS의 비트 수를 알고 있으므로, 프레임의 전체 칩 수를 FCS의 비트 수로 나누어 계산되는 프레임의 확산코드를 송신단의 ID로 판단할 수 있다. 이때, 역 확산의 결과를 일정한 패턴으로 나누었을 때에 그 나머지가 0이 되는 프레임 확산코드는 복수일 수 있다. 즉, 순환 중복검사의 에러가 없는 것으로 판단되는 프레임 확산코드가 복수일 수 있다. 이 경우, 수중 통신장치(100)는 각각의 프레임 확산코드를 서로 다른 복수의 송신단의 ID로 판단하는 것이 바람직하다.The underwater communication device 100 performs a cyclic redundancy test using the result of the inverse spreading as the FCS (S114), and can determine the ID of the transmitter based on the inverse spreading (S116). In this case, the underwater communication device 100 determines whether or not there is an error in the received frame according to whether the remainder becomes 0 when the result of the despreading is divided by a certain pattern, and determines whether or not there is an error in the frame. If it is determined to be true, since the number of bits of the FCS is known based on the frame synchronization signal, the spreading code of the frame calculated by dividing the total number of chips in the frame by the number of bits of the FCS can be determined as the ID of the transmitter. In this case, there may be a plurality of frame spreading codes for which the remainder is 0 when the result of despreading is divided by a certain pattern. That is, there may be a plurality of frame spreading codes determined to have no error in the cyclic redundancy check. In this case, it is preferable that the underwater communication device 100 determines each frame spreading code as an ID of a plurality of different transmitters.
이상에서 본 발명에 따른 실시예들이 설명되었으나, 이는 예시적인 것에 불과하며, 당해 분야에서 통상적 지식을 가진 자라면 이로부터 다양한 변형 및 균등한 범위의 실시예가 가능하다는 점을 이해할 것이다. 따라서, 본 발명의 보호 범위는 다음의 특허청구범위뿐만 아니라 이와 균등한 것들에 의해 정해져야 한다.Embodiments according to the present invention have been described above, but these are merely examples, and those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and embodiments of equivalent range are possible therefrom. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the following claims as well as those equivalent thereto.
본 발명에 따른 수중 통신장치는 수중에서 코드분할 방식을 이용하여 복수의 수중 통신장치가 동일한 주파수로 데이터를 송신하면서도 데이터의 전송 시작 시간에 제한 없이 전송할 수 있다.In the underwater communication device according to the present invention, a plurality of underwater communication devices can transmit data at the same frequency using the code division method underwater without limiting the data transmission start time.
또한, 본 발명에 따른 수중 통신장치는 데이터의 전송 시간을 최소화하여 전력소모를 줄일 수 있으며, 적은 양의 전력으로 보다 많은 시간 동안 데이터를 전송할 수 있다.In addition, the underwater communication device according to the present invention can reduce power consumption by minimizing data transmission time, and can transmit data for more time with less power.

Claims (10)

  1. ID(identity) 데이터의 전송 시, 수신단의 동기 획득을 위한 프레임 동기신호를 생성하는 동기신호 생성부를 포함하는 수중 통신장치에 있어서,In the underwater communication device including a synchronization signal generator for generating a frame synchronization signal for obtaining synchronization of a receiving end when transmitting ID (identity) data,
    상기 수중 통신장치의 ID를 확산코드로 하며, 상기 확산코드의 데이터에 대응하는 FCS(Frame Check Sequence)를 데이터로 생성하는 데이터 생성부; 및a data generating unit that uses the ID of the underwater communication device as a spreading code and generates FCS (Frame Check Sequence) corresponding to the data of the spreading code as data; and
    상기 동기신호 생성부에 의해 생성되는 프레임 동기신호에 상기 데이터 생성부에 의해 생성되는 FCS를 직접 연결하여 프레임구조를 형성하며, 형성된 상기 프레임구조를 송출하는 ID데이터 송출부;an ID data transmission unit which directly connects the FCS generated by the data generation unit to the frame synchronization signal generated by the synchronization signal generation unit to form a frame structure and transmits the formed frame structure;
    를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 수중 통신장치.Underwater communication device further comprising a.
  2. 제1항에 있어서,According to claim 1,
    송신단으로부터 수신되는 프레임의 프레임 동기신호에 기반하여 프레임 동기를 검색하는 동기 검색부; a synchronization search unit for searching for frame synchronization based on a frame synchronization signal of a frame received from a transmitting end;
    상기 수신된 프레임에 포함된 복수개의 확산코드를 이용하여 역 확산을 수행하는 역확산 수행부; 및a despreading unit performing despreading using a plurality of spreading codes included in the received frame; and
    수행되는 상기 역 확산에 기반하여 상기 송신단의 ID를 판단하는 송신단 판단부;a transmitter determination unit determining an ID of the transmitter based on the performed despreading;
    를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 수중 통신장치.Underwater communication device further comprising a.
  3. 제2항에 있어서,According to claim 2,
    상기 역확산 수행부에 의해 수행된 역 확산의 결과를 FCS로 사용하여 순환 중복검사를 수행하는 중복검사 수행부;a redundancy test performer for performing a cyclic redundancy test by using the despreading result performed by the despreading performer as an FCS;
    를 더 포함하며,Including more,
    상기 송신단 판단부는 상기 수신된 프레임에 포함된 확산코드가 상기 중복검사 수행부에 의해 에러가 없는 것으로 판단되는 경우, 상기 수신된 프레임에 포함된 확산코드를 상기 송신단의 ID로 판단하는 것을 특징으로 하는 수중 통신장치.The transmitter determining unit determines the spreading code included in the received frame as the ID of the transmitting unit when the spreading code included in the received frame is determined to be error-free by the redundancy check performer. underwater communication device.
  4. 제3항에 있어서,According to claim 3,
    상기 중복검사 수행부에 의해 에러가 없는 것으로 판단되는 확산코드가 복수인 경우, 상기 송신단 판단부는 해당 각각의 확산코드를 서로 다른 복수의 송신단의 ID로 판단하는 것을 특징으로 하는 수중 통신장치.When there are a plurality of spreading codes determined to be error-free by the redundancy check performing unit, the transmitting terminal determination unit determines that each spreading code is an ID of a plurality of different transmitting terminals.
  5. 제1항에 있어서,According to claim 1,
    상기 ID데이터 송출부에 의해 형성되는 프레임 중, 상기 데이터 생성부에 의해 생성되는 FCS 데이터의 전단, FCS 데이터의 중간 및 FCS 데이터의 후단 중의 적어도 하나에 파일럿(pilot) 신호를 추가하는 파일럿 추가부;a pilot adding unit for adding a pilot signal to at least one of a front end of the FCS data, a middle of the FCS data, and a rear end of the FCS data generated by the data generator, among the frames formed by the ID data transmission unit;
    를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 수중 통신장치.Underwater communication device further comprising a.
  6. 수중 통신장치에 의해 수행되며, ID(identity) 데이터의 전송 시에 수신단의 동기 획득을 위한 프레임 동기신호를 생성하는 단계;를 포함하는 ID 송수신 방법에 있어서,In the ID transmission/reception method including; generating a frame synchronization signal for synchronization acquisition of a receiving end when transmitting ID (identity) data, which is performed by an underwater communication device,
    상기 수중 통신장치의 ID를 확산코드로 하며, 상기 확산코드의 데이터에 대응하는 FCS(Frame Check Sequence)를 데이터로 생성하는 단계; 및Taking the ID of the underwater communication device as a spreading code and generating a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) corresponding to the data of the spreading code as data; and
    상기 프레임 동기신호에 상기 FCS를 직접 연결하여 프레임구조를 형성하며, 형성된 상기 프레임구조를 송출하는 단계;forming a frame structure by directly connecting the FCS to the frame synchronization signal, and transmitting the formed frame structure;
    를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 ID 송수신 방법.ID transmission and reception method characterized in that it further comprises.
  7. 제6항에 있어서,According to claim 6,
    송신단으로부터 수신되는 프레임의 프레임 동기신호에 기반하여 프레임 동기를 검색하는 단계; Searching for frame synchronization based on a frame synchronization signal of a frame received from a transmitting end;
    상기 수신된 프레임에 포함된 복수개의 확산코드를 이용하여 역 확산을 수행하는 단계; 및performing inverse spreading using a plurality of spreading codes included in the received frame; and
    수행되는 상기 역 확산에 기반하여 상기 송신단의 ID를 판단하는 단계;determining an ID of the transmitter based on the performed despreading;
    를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 ID 송수신 방법.ID transmission and reception method characterized in that it further comprises.
  8. 제7항에 있어서,According to claim 7,
    상기 역 확산 수행단계에 의해 수행된 역 확산의 결과를 FCS로 사용하여 순환 중복검사를 수행하는 단계;performing a cyclic redundancy check by using the result of the despreading performed by the performing despreading step as an FCS;
    를 더 포함하며,Including more,
    상기 송신단의 ID를 판단하는 단계는 상기 수신된 프레임에 포함된 확산코드가 상기 순환 중복검사를 수행하는 단계에 의해 에러가 없는 것으로 판단되는 경우, 상기 수신된 프레임에 포함된 확산코드를 상기 송신단의 ID로 판단하는 것을 특징으로 하는 ID 송수신 방법.In the step of determining the ID of the transmitting end, if the spreading code included in the received frame is determined to have no error by performing the cyclic redundancy check, the spreading code included in the received frame is converted to the spreading code of the transmitting end. An ID transmission/reception method characterized in that it is determined by ID.
  9. 제8항에 있어서,According to claim 8,
    상기 송신단의 ID를 판단하는 단계는 에러가 없는 것으로 판단되는 확산코드가 복수인 경우, 해당 복수의 확산코드의 각각을 서로 다른 복수의 송신단의 ID로 판단하는 것을 특징으로 하는 ID 송수신 방법.Wherein the step of determining the ID of the transmitting end determines that each of the plurality of spreading codes is an ID of a plurality of different transmitting ends when there are a plurality of spreading codes determined to be error-free.
  10. 제6항에 있어서,According to claim 6,
    상기 송출되는 ID 데이터의 프레임 중, 상기 FCS의 전단, 중간 및 후단 중의 적어도 하나에 파일럿(pilot) 신호를 추가하는 단계;adding a pilot signal to at least one of a front, middle, and rear end of the FCS among frames of the transmitted ID data;
    를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 ID 송수신 방법.ID transmission and reception method characterized in that it further comprises.
PCT/KR2022/007245 2021-05-21 2022-05-20 Underwater communication device and method for transmitting/receiving id thereof WO2022245181A1 (en)

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