WO2022243269A2 - Espacement de mesure de dispositif sans fil - Google Patents

Espacement de mesure de dispositif sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022243269A2
WO2022243269A2 PCT/EP2022/063239 EP2022063239W WO2022243269A2 WO 2022243269 A2 WO2022243269 A2 WO 2022243269A2 EP 2022063239 W EP2022063239 W EP 2022063239W WO 2022243269 A2 WO2022243269 A2 WO 2022243269A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cell
criterion
measurement
network
wireless device
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PCT/EP2022/063239
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English (en)
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WO2022243269A3 (fr
Inventor
Muhammad Kazmi
Helka-Liina MÄÄTTÄNEN
Santhan THANGARASA
Chao He
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Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
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Publication of WO2022243269A2 publication Critical patent/WO2022243269A2/fr
Publication of WO2022243269A3 publication Critical patent/WO2022243269A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
    • H04B7/18563—Arrangements for interconnecting multiple systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0251—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of local events, e.g. events related to user activity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present application relates generally to measurement by a wireless device, and relates more particularly to relaxation of measurement by the wireless device.
  • a wireless device performs measurements in a communication network for various purposes, including for example demodulation, positioning, and mobility (e.g., cell reselection).
  • the measurements in this regard may be performed on a cell of the communication network, e.g., on a reference signal of the cell such as a channel state information (CSI) reference signal, a demodulation reference signal, a synchronization signal, a discovery reference signal, a positioning reference signal, or the like.
  • CSI channel state information
  • measurements may produce a result in the form of a cell identity, a signal power, a signal quality, a time difference, etc.
  • the wireless device may be configured with rules that require the wireless device to perform measurements to a certain extent, e.g., with a certain measurement periodicity and/or duration. However, under some circumstances, such as low device mobility, the wireless device is allowed to choose not to perform measurements to the extent that the rules would otherwise require, e.g., choose to perform measurements with a longer periodicity and/or over a shorter duration. That is, the wireless device is allowed to relax measurement requirements and thereby relax the extent to which the wireless device performs measurements.
  • a wireless device is capable of operating in both a terrestrial network (TN) and a non-terrestrial network (NTN).
  • TN terrestrial network
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • the wireless device may nonetheless detect an NTN cell earlier than a TN cell due to the wireless device having a line of sight to the NTN cell or otherwise receiving a stronger signal from the NTN cell. In such a case, the wireless device would be mostly served by the NTN network, even though TN coverage exists. Relaxing measurements exacerbates this problem and threatens to prevent the wireless device from operating in the TN network at all.
  • Some embodiments herein control measurement relaxation by a wireless device to account for the wireless device being capable of operating in multiple types of networks, e.g., a terrestrial network and a non-terrestrial network.
  • Some embodiments for example condition or configure relaxation of measurements on a cell in a terrestrial network based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurements on a cell in a non-terrestrial network, e.g., so that the wireless device only relaxes terrestrial network measurements if the wireless device has not detected or measured a cell in a non-terrestrial network.
  • embodiments herein define respective measurement relaxation criterions for terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks, e.g., to prevent relaxing measurements only for the terrestrial network without also relaxing measurements for the non-terrestrial network.
  • the wireless device relaxes terrestrial network measurements only if the criterions for both the terrestrial network and the non-terrestrial network are met.
  • These and other embodiments herein may advantageously improve wireless device mobility between multiple types of networks, e.g., by improving measurement relaxation that impacts cell reselection.
  • some embodiments advantageously enable better utilization of a terrestrial network by a wireless device capable of operating in both a terrestrial network and a non-terrestrial network, e.g., such that the wireless device operates in the non-terrestrial network mainly when there is a shortage of terrestrial network coverage or poor terrestrial network coverage but otherwise operates in the terrestrial network so as to achieve lower latency and better power efficiency.
  • embodiments herein include a method performed by a wireless device.
  • the method comprises evaluating whether a first criterion is fulfilled for relaxing measurement on a cell of a first type of network, and evaluating whether a second criterion is fulfilled for relaxing measurement on a cell of a second type of network.
  • the method also comprises relaxing or not relaxing measurement on the cell of the first type based on whether the first criterion is fulfilled, and relaxing or not relaxing measurement on the cell of the second type based on whether the second criterion is fulfilled.
  • the first type of network is a terrestrial network
  • the second type of network is a non-terrestrial network
  • the method comprises relaxing or not relaxing measurement on the cell of the first type of network based on whether the first criterion is fulfilled and on whether the second criterion is fulfilled. Additionally or alternatively, the method comprises relaxing or not relaxing measurement on the cell of the second type of network based on whether the first criterion is fulfilled and on whether the second criterion is fulfilled.
  • the method comprises relaxing measurement on the cell of the first type of network if both the first criterion is fulfilled and the second criterion is fulfilled. In some embodiments, the method comprises not relaxing measurement on the cell of the first type of network if the first criterion is not fulfilled, or if the first criterion is fulfilled but the second criterion is not fulfilled. In one or more of these embodiments, relaxing measurement on the cell of the second type of network if the second criterion is fulfilled, regardless of whether or not the first criterion is fulfilled.
  • the method comprises relaxing measurement on the cell of the second type of network if both the first criterion is fulfilled and the second criterion is fulfilled. In some embodiments, the method comprises not relaxing measurement on the cell of the second type of network if the second type of criterion is not fulfilled, or if the second criterion is fulfilled but the first criterion is not fulfilled
  • the first criterion is a first low mobility criterion and the second criterion is a second low mobility criterion.
  • the first criterion is a first not-at-cell edge criterion and the second criterion is a second not-at-cell edge criterion.
  • the first criterion and the second criterion are each a function of a threshold.
  • the threshold has first and second values for the first criterion and the second criterion, respectively.
  • the cell of the first type of network is deployed on a first frequency. In some embodiments, the cell of the second type of network is deployed on a second frequency. In some embodiments, the method further comprises making a first decision as to whether or not to evaluate whether the first criterion is fulfilled or making a second decision as to whether or not to evaluate whether the second criterion is fulfilled. In some embodiments, the first decision and/or the second decision is made based on whether or not the first frequency is the same as the second frequency. Alternatively, the first decision and/or the second decision is made based on whether or not the first frequency is separated from the second frequency by less than a threshold. Alternatively, the first decision and/or the second decision is made based on whether or not the first frequency is within the same operating band as the second frequency.
  • inventions herein include a method performed by a network node.
  • the method comprises transmitting, to a wireless device, signaling indicating a first criterion for the wireless device to relax measurement on a cell of a first type of network and a second criterion for the wireless device to relax measurement on a cell of a second type of network.
  • the first type of network is a terrestrial network
  • the second type of network is a non-terrestrial network
  • the first criterion is a first low mobility criterion and the second criterion is a second low mobility criterion.
  • the first criterion is a first not-at-cell edge criterion and the second criterion is a second not-at-cell edge criterion.
  • the first criterion and the second criterion are each a function of a threshold.
  • the threshold has first and second values for the first criterion and the second criterion, respectively.
  • inventions herein include a method performed by a wireless device.
  • the method comprises determining, based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurement on a cell of a non-terrestrial network, one or more parameters that govern relaxation of measurement on a cell of a terrestrial network.
  • the method also comprises controlling relaxed measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network according to the one or more parameters determined.
  • the one or more parameters include a measurement periodicity.
  • said controlling comprises controlling relaxed measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network to be performed according to the measurement periodicity.
  • the one or more parameters include a measurement duration.
  • said controlling comprises controlling relaxed measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network to be performed according to the measurement duration.
  • the wireless device is configured to evaluate whether a first criterion is fulfilled for relaxing measurement on a cell of a first type of network, and evaluating whether a second criterion is fulfilled for relaxing measurement on a cell of a second type of network.
  • the wireless device is also configured to relax or not relax measurement on the cell of the first type based on whether the first criterion is fulfilled, and relax or not relax measurement on the cell of the second type based on whether the second criterion is fulfilled.
  • the wireless device is configured to perform the steps described above for a wireless device.
  • the network node is configured to transmit, to a wireless device, signaling indicating a first criterion for the wireless device to relax measurement on a cell of a first type of network and a second criterion for the wireless device to relax measurement on a cell of a second type of network.
  • the network node is configured to perform the steps described above for a network node.
  • the wireless device is configured to determine, based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurement on a cell of a non-terrestrial network, one or more parameters that govern relaxation of measurement on a cell of a terrestrial network.
  • the wireless device is also configured to control relaxed measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network according to the one or more parameters determined.
  • the wireless device is configured to perform the steps described above for a wireless device.
  • a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by at least one processor of a wireless device, causes the wireless device to perform the steps described above for a wireless device.
  • Other embodiments herein include a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by at least one processor of a network node, causes the network node to perform the steps described above for a network node.
  • a carrier containing the computer program is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.
  • the wireless device comprises communication circuitry and processing circuitry.
  • the processing circuitry is configured to evaluate whether a first criterion is fulfilled for relaxing measurement on a cell of a first type of network, and evaluating whether a second criterion is fulfilled for relaxing measurement on a cell of a second type of network.
  • the processing circuitry is also configured to relax or not relax measurement on the cell of the first type based on whether the first criterion is fulfilled, and relax or not relax measurement on the cell of the second type based on whether the second criterion is fulfilled.
  • the processing circuitry is configured to perform the steps described above for a wireless device.
  • the network node comprises communication circuitry and processing circuitry.
  • the processing circuitry is configured to transmit, to a wireless device, via the communication circuitry, signaling indicating a first criterion for the wireless device to relax measurement on a cell of a first type of network and a second criterion for the wireless device to relax measurement on a cell of a second type of network.
  • the processing circuitry is configured to perform the steps described above for a network node.
  • the wireless device comprises communication circuitry and processing circuitry.
  • the processing circuitry is configured to determine, based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurement on a cell of a non-terrestrial network, one or more parameters that govern relaxation of measurement on a cell of a terrestrial network.
  • the processing circuitry is also configured to control relaxed measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network according to the one or more parameters determined.
  • the processing circuitry is configured to perform the steps described above for a wireless device.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of a terrestrial network, a non-terrestrial network, and a wireless device capable of operating in both the terrestrial network and the non-terrestrial network according to some embodiments.
  • Figure 2 is a logic flow diagram of a method performed by a wireless device according to some embodiments.
  • Figure 3 is a logic flow diagram of a method performed by a network node according to some embodiments.
  • Figure 4 is a logic flow diagram of a method performed by a wireless device according to other embodiments.
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram of a terrestrial network, a non-terrestrial network, and a wireless device capable of operating in both the terrestrial network and the non-terrestrial network according to other embodiments.
  • Figure 6 is a logic flow diagram of a method performed by a wireless device according to still other embodiments.
  • Figure 7 is a logic flow diagram of a method performed by a network node according to other embodiments.
  • Figure 8 is a block diagram of a wireless device according to some embodiments.
  • Figure 9 is a block diagram of a network node according to some embodiments.
  • Figure 10 is a block diagram of the architecture of a satellite network with bent pipe transponders according to some embodiments.
  • Figure 11 A is a block diagram of a beam pattern of a satellite network for a transparent (bent-pipe) satellite HAPS according to some embodiments.
  • Figure 11 B is a block diagram of a beam pattern of a satellite network for a non-transparent (on board processor) satellite/HAPS according to some embodiments.
  • Figure 12 is a logic flow diagram of processing performed by a UE according to some embodiments where the UE stops relaxed TN measurement upon NTN cell detection.
  • Figure 13 is a logic flow diagram of processing performed by a UE according to other embodiments where, if the UE detects a TN cell, then the UE does not relax any TN measurements, even if the relaxation criterion for NTN measurement is met.
  • Figure 14 is a logic flow diagram of processing performed by a UE according to still other embodiments where the UE is configured for performing relaxed measurements on one or more NTN cells and TN cells based on their respective relaxation criteria.
  • Figure 15 is a block diagram of a communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 16 is a block diagram of a user equipment according to some embodiments.
  • Figure 17 is a block diagram of a network node according to some embodiments.
  • Figure 18 is a block diagram of a host according to some embodiments.
  • Figure 19 is a block diagram of a virtualization environment according to some embodiments.
  • Figure 20 is a block diagram of a host communicating via a network node with a UE over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 1 shows a wireless device 12 capable of receiving wireless communication service from both a terrestrial network (TN) 10A and a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 10B.
  • the NTN 10B may also be referred to as a satellite-based radio access network.
  • the NTN 10B is a radio access network for a cellular communications networks, such as a Long Term Evolution (LTE) or New Radio (NR) network.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • NR New Radio
  • the NTN 10B includes a network node 13B that provides a cell 20B of the NTN 10B.
  • the network node 13B may for instance be a radio network node (e.g., a base station).
  • the network node 13B as shown is connected to a ground-based base station antenna 14 that is, in this example, remote from (i.e., not collocated with) the network node 13B.
  • the NTN 10B also includes a satellite 16, which is a space-borne platform.
  • the satellite 16 is connected to the ground-based base station antenna 14 via a feeder link 17 and provides a satellite-based service link to the wireless device 12, e.g., located in a respective spotbeam, or cell.
  • the network node 13B of the NTN 10B thereby provides the cell 20B of the NTN 10B via the satellite 16.
  • the satellite 16 forwards the received signal back to the earth with only amplification and a shift from uplink frequency to downlink frequency.
  • the satellite 16 includes on-board processing to demodulate and decode the received signal and regenerate the signal before sending it back to the earth.
  • the TN 10A by contrast includes a network node 13Athat provides a cell 20A of the TN 10A.
  • the network node 13A may likewise be a radio network node, e.g., a base station. But the network node 13A is connected to a ground-based antenna 19 that provides a ground-based service link to the wireless device 12 directly, rather than via a satellite.
  • the wireless device 12 is configurable to perform measurements on both the cell 20A of the TN 10A and the cell 20B of the NTN 10B.
  • a measurement on a cell 20A or 20B may for instance be performed on a reference signal of the cell and produce a result in the form of a cell identity, a signal power, a signal quality, a time difference, etc.
  • the wireless device 12 may perform such measurements to assist with demodulation, device positioning, and/or decisions about mobility between the TN 10A and the NTN 10B, e.g., cell reselection decisions in radio resource control (RRC) idle mode or RRC inactive mode.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • measurement rule(s) may require the wireless device 12 to perform measurements on the cell 20A of the TN 10A and/or on the cell 20B of the NTN 10B to a required extent, e.g., with a certain periodicity and/or over a certain measurement duration.
  • the wireless device 12 may be allowed to choose not to perform measurements to the extent that the rules would otherwise require, e.g., choose to perform measurements with a longer periodicity and/or over a shorter duration. That is, the wireless device 12 may be allowed to relax measurement requirements and thereby relax the extent to which the wireless device 12 performs measurements. At any given time, then, when operating under relaxed measurement requirements, the wireless device 12 may determine whether or not to perform a measurement at that time, depending on whether the wireless device 12 is required to perform the measurement according to the relaxed measurement requirements.
  • Some embodiments herein control measurement relaxation by the wireless device 12 to account for the wireless device 12 being capable of operating in both the TN 10A and the NTN 10B. Some embodiments for example condition or configure relaxation of measurements on a cell 20A in the TN 10A based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurements on a cell 20B in the NTN 10B, e.g., so that the wireless device 12 only relaxes TN measurements if the wireless device 12 has not detected or measured a cell 20B in the NTN 10B. As another example, other embodiments herein define respective measurement relaxation criterions for the TN 10A and the NTN 10B, e.g., to prevent relaxing measurements only for the TN 10A without also relaxing measurements for the NTN 10B. In one such embodiment, for instance, the wireless device 12 relaxes TN measurements only if the criterions for both the TN 10A and the NTN 10B are met.
  • These and other embodiments herein may advantageously improve wireless device mobility between the TN 10A and the NTN 10B, e.g., by improving measurement relaxation that impacts cell reselection. Some embodiments thereby advantageously enable better utilization of the TN 10A by the wireless device 12, e.g., such that the wireless device 12 operates in the NTN 10B mainly when there is a shortage of TN coverage or poor TN coverage but otherwise operates in the TN 10A so as to achieve lower latency and better power efficiency.
  • the wireless device 12 is configured to determine whether or not to perform measurement on a cell 20A of the TN 10A, e.g., at a given time or within a given discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle. Such measurement may for instance be for cell reselection.
  • the wireless device 12 is notably configured in some embodiments to make this determination based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of the NTN 10B.
  • the wireless device 12 determines, based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of the NTN 10B, whether or not the wireless device 12 is allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A (e.g., according to one or more relaxed measurement rules).
  • the wireless device 12 may determine that the wireless device 12 is allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A when the wireless device 12 has not detected a cell of a non-terrestrial network 10B within a certain time duration and is not performing a measurement on a cell of a non-terrestrial network 10B.
  • a relaxed measurement mode is a mode in which the wireless device 12 is allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A according to the one or more relaxed measurement rules
  • a non- relaxed measurement mode is a mode in which the wireless device 12 is not allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A.
  • the wireless device 12 may determine whether to operate in the relaxed measurement mode or the non-relaxed measurement mode for measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of the non-terrestrial network 10B. For instance, the wireless device 12 may determine to enter the relaxed measurement mode for measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A based on the wireless device 12 no longer detecting or performing measurement on a cell 20B of the non-terrestrial network 10B.
  • the wireless device 12 may, while operating in the relaxed measurement mode for measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A, determine to exit or suspend the relaxed measurement mode for measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A based on the wireless device 12 detecting or performing measurement on a cell 20B of the non-terrestrial network 10B.
  • the determination of whether or not to perform measurement on a cell 20A of the TN 10A is made based on whether a certain criterion is fulfilled, e.g., a low mobility criterion. Fulfillment of the criterion may mean the wireless device 12 is allowed to relax measurement on the cell 20A of the TN 10A and therefore choose to not perform measurement on a cell 20A of the TN 10A, even though the wireless device 12 would otherwise be required to do so without relaxation. In this case, fulfillment of the criterion may depend on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of the NTN 10B.
  • a certain criterion e.g., a low mobility criterion. Fulfillment of the criterion may mean the wireless device 12 is allowed to relax measurement on the cell 20A of the TN 10A and therefore choose to not perform measurement on a cell 20A of the TN 10A, even though the wireless device 12 would otherwise be required to do so without relaxation. In this case,
  • the criterion may be specified, at least in part, in terms of whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of the NTN 10B.
  • the criterion may be fulfilled if: (1) a signal measurement on the cell 20A of the TN 10A satisfies a certain condition; and (2) if the wireless device 12 has not detected measurement on a cell 20B of the NTN 10B within a certain time frame and is not performing measurement on a cell 20B of the NTN 10B.
  • the wireless device 12 may evaluate, based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of the NTN 10B, whether or not the criterion is fulfilled for relaxing measurement on a cell 20A of the TN 10A, and then determine whether or not to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the TN 10A based on whether the criterion is fulfilled, e.g., so as to choose not to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the TN 10A when the criterion is fulfilled.
  • These and other embodiments may thereby effectively avoid relaxing measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A when measurement on the cell 20B of the NTN 10B is not relaxed. This may advantageously avoid a scenario where non-relaxed measurement on the cell 20B of the NTN 10B completes before relaxed measurement on the cell 20A of the TN 10A, so as to trigger the wireless device 12 to reselect to the cell 20B of the NTN 10B even though the cell 20A of the TN 10A may be more suitable, e.g., with lower latency. Some embodiments may thereby facilitate improved cell reselection, resulting in improved device throughput and system performance (e.g., lower latency).
  • the wireless device 12 avoids relaxing measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A if the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of a non-terrestrial network 10B. In other embodiments, by contrast, if the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of a non-terrestrial network 10B, the wireless device 12 still relaxes measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A, e.g., in a relaxed measurement mode, but relaxes that measurement to a lesser extent than the wireless device 12 would have otherwise.
  • measurement relaxation for a cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A is adapted in dependence on whether the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of a non-terrestrial network 10B.
  • the wireless device 12 may determine, based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of the non-terrestrial network 10B, one or more parameters that govern relaxation of measurement on a cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A. These parameter(s) may for instance include measurement periodicity and/or measurement duration.
  • the wireless device 12 may determine a first relaxed measurement periodicity according to which to perform relaxed measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A when the wireless device 12 does not detect or perform measurement on a cell 20B of the non-terrestrial network, and determine a second relaxed measurement periodicity according to which to perform relaxed measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A when the wireless device 12 does detect or perform measurement on a cell 20B of the nonterrestrial network.
  • the first relaxed measurement periodicity may be longer than the second relaxed measurement periodicity, so that the wireless device 12 performs relaxed measurement of the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A more often when the wireless device 12 does not detect or perform measurement on a cell 20B of the non-terrestrial network and performs relaxed measurement of the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A less often when the wireless device 12 does detect or perform measurement on a cell 20B of the non-terrestrial network.
  • some embodiments facilitate the wireless device 12 relaxing measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A, even within the coverage area of the NTN 10B, which in turn allows the wireless device 12 to more effectively operate in a sleep mode or power saving mode with relaxed measurement requirements. Such embodiments may thereby improve device power conservation and battery life.
  • the wireless device 12 may determine whether or not to enter into, adapt, or exit from the relaxed measurement mode, based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of a non-terrestrial network 10B.
  • network node 13A or network node 13B may configure the wireless device 12 to operate as described above in any of the embodiments herein.
  • the network node 13A or 13B in this regard may transmit signaling that configures the wireless device 12 to operate as described above.
  • Figure 2 depicts a method performed by a wireless device 12 in accordance with some embodiments described above.
  • the method includes determining whether or not to perform measurement on a cell 20A of a terrestrial network 10A, based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of a non-terrestrial network 10B (Block 200).
  • the method also comprises performing or not performing measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A according to said determining (Block 210).
  • Embodiments herein include a method performed by a wireless device 12.
  • the method comprises determining 200 whether or not to perform measurement on a cell 20A of a terrestrial network 10A, based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of a non-terrestrial network 10B.
  • the method also comprises performing or not performing 210 measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A according to said determining 210.
  • said determining 210 comprises, when the wireless device 12 is required to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A according to one or more measurement rules, determining, based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of a non-terrestrial network 10B, whether or not the wireless device 12 is allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell 10A of the terrestrial network 20A.
  • said determining 210 comprises determining that the wireless device 12 is allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A when the wireless device 12 has not detected a cell 20B of a non-terrestrial network 10B within a certain time duration and is not performing a measurement on a cell 20A of a non-terrestrial network 10A.
  • said determining (210) comprises determining that the wireless device 12 is allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A when a relaxed monitoring criterion is fulfilled for a certain time period, less than a time duration has passed since measurements for cell reselection were last performed, and the wireless device 12 has performed measurements for at least the certain time period after selecting or reselecting a new cell.
  • fulfillment of the relaxed monitoring criterion requires that the wireless device 12 has not detected a cell 20B of a non-terrestrial network 10B within a certain time duration and is not performing a measurement on a cell 20B of a non-terrestrial network 10B.
  • the relaxed monitoring criterion is a low mobility criterion or a not-at-cell-edge criterion.
  • the wireless device 12 is allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A according to one or more relaxed measurement rules.
  • a relaxed measurement mode is a mode in which the wireless device 12 is allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A according to the one or more relaxed measurement rules
  • a non-relaxed measurement mode is a mode in which the wireless device 12 is not allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A.
  • said determining 210 comprises determining whether to operate in the relaxed measurement mode or the non-relaxed measurement mode for measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of the non-terrestrial network 10B.
  • determining whether to operate in the relaxed measurement mode or the non-relaxed measurement mode comprises determining whether to enter the relaxed measurement mode for measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of the non-terrestrial network 10B.
  • determining 210 comprises, while operating in the non-relaxed measurement mode for measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A, determining to enter the relaxed measurement mode for measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A based on the wireless device 12 no longer detecting or performing measurement on a cell 20B of the non-terrestrial network 10B.
  • determining whether to operate in the relaxed measurement mode or the non-relaxed measurement mode comprises determining whether to exit the relaxed measurement mode for measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of the non-terrestrial network 10B.
  • said determining comprises, while operating in the relaxed measurement mode for measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A, determining to exit or suspend the relaxed measurement mode for measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A based on the wireless device 12 detecting or performing measurement on a cell 20B of the non-terrestrial network 10B. In some embodiments, said determining comprises determining to operate in the non-relaxed measurement mode for measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A, based on the wireless device 12 operating in the relaxed measurement mode for measurement on a cell 20B of the nonterrestrial network 10B.
  • the method further comprises determining one or more parameters that govern an extent to which measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A is relaxed, based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of the non-terrestrial network 10B.
  • said determining comprises evaluating 600, based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of a non-terrestrial network 10B, whether or not a criterion 22A is fulfilled for relaxing measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A. Said determining also comprises determining whether or not to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A based on whether the criterion 22A is fulfilled. In one or more of these embodiments, said determining comprises choosing not to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A when the criterion 22A is fulfilled.
  • measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A comprises measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A for cell reselection.
  • determining whether or not to perform measurement on a cell 20A of a terrestrial network 10A comprises determining whether or not to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A during any given discontinuous reception, DRX, cycle, based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of a non-terrestrial network 10B.
  • the method further comprises performing a relaxed measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A provided that at least one of a low mobility criterion and a not-at-cell-edge criteria is fulfilled.
  • the method further comprises evaluating a criterion for relaxed measurement if configured by a network node 12A.
  • the method further comprises receiving, from a network node 12A, control signaling indicating said certain time duration.
  • Figure 3 depicts a corresponding method performed by a network node 13A.
  • the method includes transmitting, to a wireless device 12, signaling that configures the wireless device 12 to determine whether or not to perform measurement on a cell 20A of a terrestrial network 10A, based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of a non-terrestrial network 10B (Block 300).
  • the signaling configures the wireless device 12 to, when the wireless device 12 is required to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A according to one or more measurement rules, determine, based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of a non-terrestrial network 10B, whether or not the wireless device 12 is allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A.
  • the signaling configures the wireless device 12 to determine that the wireless device 12 is allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A when the wireless device 12 has not detected a cell 20B of a non-terrestrial network 10B within a certain time duration and is not performing a measurement on a cell 20B of a non-terrestrial network 10B.
  • the signaling in this case may configure the certain time duration.
  • Figure 4 depicts a method performed by a wireless device 12 in accordance with still other embodiments described above.
  • the method includes determining, based on whether or not the wireless device 12 detects or performs measurement on a cell 20B of a non-terrestrial network 10B, one or more parameters that govern relaxation of measurement on a cell 20A of a terrestrial network 10A (Block 400).
  • the method also comprises controlling relaxed measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A according to the one or more parameters determined (Block 410).
  • the one or more parameters include a measurement periodicity.
  • said controlling comprises controlling relaxed measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10Ato be performed according to the measurement periodicity.
  • the one or more parameters alternatively or additionally include a measurement duration.
  • said controlling comprises controlling relaxed measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A to be performed according to the measurement duration.
  • inventions herein define respective measurement relaxation criterions for terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks 10A, 10B, e.g., to prevent relaxing measurements only for the terrestrial network 10A without also relaxing measurements for the non-terrestrial network 10B.
  • the wireless device 12 relaxes terrestrial network measurements only if the criterions for both the terrestrial network 10A and the non-terrestrial network 10B are met.
  • These and other embodiments herein may advantageously improve wireless device mobility between the terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks 10A, 10B, e.g., by improving measurement relaxation that impacts cell reselection.
  • Some embodiments for example enable the wireless device 12 to operate in the non-terrestrial network 10B mainly when there is a shortage of terrestrial network coverage or poor terrestrial network coverage, but to otherwise operate in the terrestrial network 10A so as to achieve lower latency and better power efficiency.
  • Figure 5 illustrates additional details of one or more such embodiments.
  • the wireless device 12 maintains criterion 22A and criterion 22B for relaxing measurements on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A and the cell 20B of the non-terrestrial network 10B, respectively.
  • the wireless device 12 evaluates whether (at least) criterion 22A is fulfilled for relaxing measurements on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A.
  • the wireless device 12 evaluates whether (at least) criterion 22B is fulfilled for relaxing measurements on the cell 20B of the non-terrestrial network 10B.
  • the wireless device 12 correspondingly relaxes or does not relax measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A based on whether criterion 22A is fulfilled, and relaxes or does not relax measurement on the cell 20B of the non-terrestrial network 10B based on whether criterion 22B is fulfilled.
  • the wireless device 12 relaxes measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A if both criterion 22A is fulfilled and criterion 22B is fulfilled.
  • the wireless device 12 in this case does not relax measurement on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A if criterion 22A is not fulfilled, or if criterion 22A is fulfilled but criterion 22B is not fulfilled.
  • the wireless device 12 relaxes measurement on the cell 20B of the non-terrestrial network 10B if criterion 22B is fulfilled, regardless of whether or not criterion 22A is fulfilled. In these and other embodiments, then, the wireless device 12 effectively relaxes measurements on the cell 20A of the terrestrial network 10A only if the criterions 22A, 22B for both the terrestrial network 10A and the non-terrestrial network 10B are met.
  • network node 13A or network node 13B may configure the wireless device 12 to operate as described above in any of the embodiments herein.
  • the network node 13A or 13B in this regard may transmit signaling that configures the wireless device 12 to operate as described above.
  • Figure 6 depicts a method performed by a wireless device 12 in accordance with one or more of these other embodiments, where the terrestrial network 10A is generalized as a first type of network, the non-terrestrial network 10B is generalized as a second type of network, criterion 22A is generalized as a first criterion 22A, and criterion 22B is generalized as a second criterion 22B.
  • the method in this case includes evaluating whether a first criterion 22A is fulfilled for relaxing measurement on a cell 20A of a first type of network (e.g., terrestrial network 10A), and evaluating whether a second criterion 22B is fulfilled for relaxing measurement on a cell 20B of a second type of network (e.g., non-terrestrial network 10B) (Block 600).
  • the method also includes relaxing or not relaxing measurement on the cell 20A of the first type based on whether the first criterion 22A is fulfilled, and relaxing or not relaxing measurement on the cell 20B of the second type based on whether the second criterion 22B is fulfilled (Block 610).
  • the method comprises relaxing or not relaxing measurement on the cell 20A of the first type of network 10A based on whether the first criterion 22A is fulfilled and on whether the second criterion 22B is fulfilled. Additionally or alternatively, the method comprises relaxing or not relaxing measurement on the cell 20B of the second type of network 10B based on whether the first criterion 22A is fulfilled and on whether the second criterion 22B is fulfilled.
  • the method comprises relaxing measurement on the cell 20A of the first type of network 10A if both the first criterion 22A is fulfilled and the second criterion 22B is fulfilled. In some embodiments, the method comprises not relaxing measurement on the cell 20A of the first type of network 10A if the first criterion 22A is not fulfilled, or if the first criterion 22A is fulfilled but the second criterion 22B is not fulfilled. In one or more of these embodiments, relaxing measurement on the cell 20B of the second type of network 10B if the second criterion 22B is fulfilled, regardless of whether or not the first criterion 22A is fulfilled.
  • the method comprises relaxing measurement on the cell 20B of the second type of network 10B if both the first criterion 22A is fulfilled and the second criterion 22B is fulfilled. In some embodiments, the method comprises not relaxing measurement on the cell 20B of the second type of network 10B if the second type of criterion 22B is not fulfilled, or if the second criterion 22B is fulfilled but the first criterion 22A is not fulfilled
  • the first criterion 22A is a first low mobility criterion and the second criterion 22B is a second low mobility criterion.
  • the first criterion 22A is a first not-at-cell edge criterion and the second criterion 22B is a second not-at-cell edge criterion.
  • the first criterion 22A and the second criterion 22B are each a function of a threshold.
  • the threshold has first and second values for the first criterion 22A and the second criterion 22B, respectively.
  • the cell 20A of the first type of network 10A is deployed on a first frequency.
  • the cell 20B of the second type of network 10B is deployed on a second frequency.
  • the method further comprises making a first decision as to whether or not to evaluate whether the first criterion 22A is fulfilled or making a second decision as to whether or not to evaluate whether the second criterion 22B is fulfilled.
  • the first decision and/or the second decision is made based on whether or not the first frequency is the same as the second frequency.
  • the first decision and/or the second decision is made based on whether or not the first frequency is separated from the second frequency by less than a threshold.
  • the first decision and/or the second decision is made based on whether or not the first frequency is within the same operating band as the second frequency.
  • Figure 7 depicts a method performed by a network node 13A or 13B in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the method comprises transmitting, to a wireless device 12, signaling indicating a first criterion 22A forthe wireless device 12 to relax measurement on a cell 20A of a first type of network (e.g., terrestrial network 10A) and a second criterion 22B for the wireless device 12 to relax measurement on a cell 20B of a second type of network (e.g., non-terrestrial network 10B).
  • a first type of network e.g., terrestrial network 10A
  • a second criterion 22B for the wireless device 12 to relax measurement on a cell 20B of a second type of network (e.g., non-terrestrial network 10B).
  • Embodiments herein also include corresponding apparatuses.
  • Embodiments herein for instance include a wireless device 12 configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments described above for the wireless device 12.
  • Embodiments also include a wireless device 12 comprising processing circuitry and power supply circuitry.
  • the processing circuitry is configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments described above for the wireless device 12.
  • the power supply circuitry is configured to supply power to the wireless device 12.
  • Embodiments further include a wireless device 12 comprising processing circuitry.
  • the processing circuitry is configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments described above for the wireless device 12.
  • the wireless device 12 further comprises communication circuitry.
  • Embodiments further include a wireless device 12 comprising processing circuitry and memory.
  • the memory contains instructions executable by the processing circuitry whereby the wireless device 12 is configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments described above for the wireless device 12.
  • Embodiments moreover include a user equipment (UE).
  • the UE comprises an antenna configured to send and receive wireless signals.
  • the UE also comprises radio front-end circuitry connected to the antenna and to processing circuitry, and configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna and the processing circuitry.
  • the processing circuitry is configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments described above for the wireless device 12.
  • the UE also comprises an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to allow input of information into the UE to be processed by the processing circuitry.
  • the UE may comprise an output interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to output information from the UE that has been processed by the processing circuitry.
  • the UE may also comprise a battery connected to the processing circuitry and configured to supply power to the UE.
  • Embodiments herein also include a network node 13A or 13B configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments described above for the network node 13A or 13B.
  • Embodiments also include a network node 13A or 13B comprising processing circuitry and power supply circuitry.
  • the processing circuitry is configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments described above for the network node 13A or 13B.
  • the power supply circuitry is configured to supply power to the network node 13A or 13B.
  • Embodiments further include a network node 13A or 13B comprising processing circuitry.
  • the processing circuitry is configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments described above for the network node 13A or 13B.
  • the network node 13A or 13B comprises communication circuitry.
  • Embodiments further include a network node 13A or 13B comprising processing circuitry and memory.
  • the memory contains instructions executable by the processing circuitry whereby the network node 13A or 13B is configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments described above for the network node 13A or 13B.
  • the apparatuses described above may perform the methods herein and any other processing by implementing any functional means, modules, units, or circuitry.
  • the apparatuses comprise respective circuits or circuitry configured to perform the steps shown in the method figures.
  • the circuits or circuitry in this regard may comprise circuits dedicated to performing certain functional processing and/or one or more microprocessors in conjunction with memory.
  • the circuitry may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like.
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • the processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc.
  • Program code stored in memory may include program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein, in several embodiments.
  • the memory stores program code that, when executed by the one or more processors, carries out the techniques described herein.
  • Figure 8 for example illustrates a wireless device 12 as implemented in accordance with one or more embodiments.
  • the wireless device 12 includes processing circuitry 810 and communication circuitry 820.
  • the communication circuitry 820 e.g., radio circuitry
  • the processing circuitry 810 is configured to perform processing described above, e.g., in Figure 2, 4, and/or 6, such as by executing instructions stored in memory 830.
  • the processing circuitry 810 in this regard may implement certain functional means, units, or modules.
  • Figure 9 illustrates a network node 900 as implemented in accordance with one or more embodiments.
  • the network node 900 may for instance be network node 13A or 13B.
  • the network node 900 includes processing circuitry 910 and communication circuitry 920.
  • the communication circuitry 920 is configured to transmit and/or receive information to and/or from one or more other nodes, e.g., via any communication technology.
  • the processing circuitry 910 is configured to perform processing described above, e.g., in Figure 3 and/or 7, such as by executing instructions stored in memory 930.
  • the processing circuitry 910 in this regard may implement certain functional means, units, or modules.
  • a computer program comprises instructions which, when executed on at least one processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to carry out any of the respective processing described above.
  • a computer program in this regard may comprise one or more code modules corresponding to the means or units described above.
  • Embodiments further include a carrier containing such a computer program.
  • This carrier may comprise one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.
  • embodiments herein also include a computer program product stored on a non-transitory computer readable (storage or recording) medium and comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform as described above.
  • Embodiments further include a computer program product comprising program code portions for performing the steps of any of the embodiments herein when the computer program product is executed by a computing device.
  • This computer program product may be stored on a computer readable recording medium.
  • the wireless device 12 is exemplified as a user equipment (UE)
  • network node 13A and/or 13B is exemplified as a gNB in a 5G network
  • the non-terrestrial network 10B is exemplified as a satellite communication network.
  • Some embodiments herein are applicable for a user equipment (UE) that performs measurements on one or more downlink (DL) and/or uplink (UL) reference signals (RS) of one or more cells in different UE activity states e.g., RRC idle state, RRC inactive state, RRC connected state etc.
  • the measured cell may belong to or operate on the same carrier frequency as the serving cell (e.g., intra-frequency carrier), or it may belong to or operate on different carrier frequency as of the serving cell (e.g., non-serving carrier frequency).
  • the nonserving carrier may be called as inter-frequency carrier if the serving and measured cells belong to the same radio access technology (RAT) but different carriers.
  • RAT radio access technology
  • the non-serving carrier may be called an inter-RAT carrier if the serving and measured cells belong to different RATs.
  • Examples of downlink RS are signals in a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS), a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), signals in a Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) block (SSB), a discovery reference signal (DRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), etc.
  • Examples of uplink RS are signals in SRS, DMRS, etc.
  • each SSB For a New Radio (NR) network, for example, each SSB carries NR-PSS, NR-SSS, and NR-PBCH in 4 successive symbols.
  • One or multiple SSBs are transmitted in one SSB burst which is repeated with certain periodicity e.g., 5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms, and 160 ms.
  • the UE is configured with information about SSB on cells of certain carrier frequency by one or more SS/PBCH block measurement timing configuration (SMTC) configurations.
  • the SMTC configuration comprising parameters such as SMTC periodicity, SMTC occasion length in time or duration, SMTC time offset with respect to reference time (e.g., serving cell’s SFN), etc.
  • SMTC occasion may also occur with certain periodicity, e.g., 5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms, and 160 ms.
  • Some embodiments herein are applicable for measurements of cell identification (e.g., physical cell identity (PCI) acquisition, PSS/SSS detection, cell detection, cell search, etc.), Reference Symbol Received Power (RSRP), Reference Symbol Received Quality (RSRQ), secondary synchronization RSRP (SS-RSRP), SS-RSRQ, signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SINR), RS-SINR, SS-SINR, CSI-RSRP, CSI-RSRQ, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), acquisition of system information (SI), cell global ID (CGI) acquisition, Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD), UE RX-TX time difference measurement, Radio Link Monitoring (RLM), which consists of Out of Synchronization (out of sync) detection and In Synchron
  • the UE is configured by the network (e.g., via RRC message) with a measurement configuration and measurement reporting configurations, e.g., measurement gap pattern, carrier frequency information, types of measurements (e.g., RSRP, etc.), higher layer filtering coefficient, time to trigger report, reporting mechanism (e.g., periodic, event triggered reporting, event triggered periodic reporting, etc.), etc.
  • a measurement configuration and measurement reporting configurations e.g., measurement gap pattern, carrier frequency information, types of measurements (e.g., RSRP, etc.), higher layer filtering coefficient, time to trigger report, reporting mechanism (e.g., periodic, event triggered reporting, event triggered periodic reporting, etc.), etc.
  • Such configuration(s) may effectively define rules that govern when the UE is required to perform measurements, e.g., in a non-relaxed measurement mode.
  • the purpose for which the UE performs measurements may include one or more of: UE mobility (e.g., cell change, cell selection, cell reselection, handover, RRC connection re-establishment, etc.), UE positioning or location determination self-organizing network (SON), minimization of drive tests (MDT), operation and maintenance (O&M), network planning and optimization, etc.
  • UE mobility e.g., cell change, cell selection, cell reselection, handover, RRC connection re-establishment, etc.
  • SON UE positioning or location determination self-organizing network
  • MDT minimization of drive tests
  • O&M operation and maintenance
  • Some embodiments herein are applicable when a UE is in RRC idle and RRC inactive states and is configured to relax neighbour cell measurements (e.g., for cell reselection) when the UE meets one or more relaxed measurement criteria.
  • the UE can be configured for applying relaxed measurements via higher layer signalling, e.g., in system information block (SIB) such as in SIB2.
  • SIB system information block
  • criteria are UE in low mobility, UE not-at-cell-edge, combined criterion (e.g., UE in low mobility AND not-at-cell-edge), etc.
  • the UE in some embodiments is allowed to relax measurement requirements provided that it is configured with lowMobilityEvaluation IE and also meets the low mobility criterion.
  • the UE is allowed to relax measurement requirements provided that it is configured with cellEdgeEvaluation IE and also meets the not at cell edge criterion.
  • the UE is allowed to relax measurement requirements provided that it is configured with combineRelaxedMeasCondition IE and also meets the low mobility criterion and not at cell edge criterion.
  • the UE is allowed to relax one or more of neighbour cell measurements, e.g., intra-frequency measurements, inter-frequency, and inter-RAT measurements when the UE meets the relaxed criteria.
  • the measurement relaxation is realized by extending the measurement time compared to the measurement time when no relaxation is applied or by not performing any neighbour cell measurements. Examples of measurement time are cell detection time (Tdetect) measurement period (Tmeasure), evaluation time (Tevaluate), etc.
  • intra-frequency neighbour cell measurements e.g., T d etect,NRjntra, Tmeasure, NRjntra and T evaiuate, NRjntra
  • Table 1 Tdetect. NR Intra. Tmeasure. NR Intra and Tevaluate.NR Intra _ _
  • extending the measurement time in this respect may advantageously enable the UE to conserve more power than if the measurement had not been relaxed. For example, with the UE being allowed a greater number of DRX cycles over which to detect a cell or perform a measurement, the UE may sleep for a greater number of those DRX cycles, e.g., rather than having to wake up during each DRX cycle.
  • the non-terrestrial network 10B is a satellite network that may complement mobile networks on the ground by providing connectivity to underserved areas and multicast/broadcast services.
  • the satellite may be categorized as low earth orbit (LEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), or geostationary (GEO) satellite.
  • the satellite 16 generates several beams over a given area.
  • the footprint of a beam may be in an elliptic shape, which has been traditionally considered as a cell, but cells consisting of the coverage footprint of multiple beams are excluded.
  • the footprint of a beam is also often referred to as a spotbeam.
  • the footprint of a beam may move over the earth surface with the satellite movement or may be earth fixed with some beam pointing mechanism used by the satellite to compensate for its motion.
  • the size of a spotbeam depends on the system design, which may range from tens of kilometers to a few thousands of kilometers.
  • Figure 10 shows an example architecture of a satellite network with bent pipe transponders.
  • Figures 11 A and 11 B show beam patterns of a satellite network according to some embodiments, for a transparent (bent-pipe) satellite HAPS and for a non-transparent (on board processor) satellite/HAPS, respectively.
  • Non-GEO satellites in this regard move rapidly with respect to any given UE location.
  • a LEO satellite is in view of a stationary UE from horizon to horizon for about 20 minutes. Since each LEO satellite may have many beams, the time during which a UE stays within a beam is typically only a few minutes. The fast pace of satellite movement creates problems for cell (re)selections and handovers of both stationary UEs and moving UEs.
  • Non-GEO satellite access network Unlike the case of terrestrial networks (TNs), where a cell on the ground is tied to radio communication with a RAN node, in Non-GEO satellite access network, the satellite beams may be moving. There is no fixed correspondence between cells on the ground and satellite beams. The same geographical region on the ground can be covered by different satellites and different beams over time.
  • TNs terrestrial networks
  • RAN node Unlike the case of terrestrial networks (TNs), where a cell on the ground is tied to radio communication with a RAN node, in Non-GEO satellite access network, the satellite beams may be moving. There is no fixed correspondence between cells on the ground and satellite beams. The same geographical region on the ground can be covered by different satellites and different beams over time.
  • LEO satellite’s beam when one LEO satellite’s beam moves away from the geographical area, another LEO satellite’s beam (that may be generated by the same LEO satellite or by a neighboring LEO satellite) should come in and cover the same geographical area.
  • the new satellite may be served by the same or another sat-gateway.
  • Some embodiments herein are applicable for UEs in an NTN system that are rural positioned UEs and are either: (1) stationary, e.g., satellite antennas mounted on a roof top;
  • the network and the UEs according to embodiments herein are able to deal with normal mobility scenarios as experienced in terrestrial networks and the mobility induced by moving RAN nodes.
  • Some embodiments herein facilitate operation of a UE that is capable of operation in both terrestrial network (TN) and non-terrestrial network (NTN).
  • TN terrestrial network
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • such a UE might detect an NTN cell earlier than a TN cell due to line of sight or strong NTN signal, e.g., in open area.
  • the UE heretofore would be mostly served by NTN network even though there exists TN coverage.
  • Some embodiments may therefore enable better usage of a TN network. Alternatively or additionally, some embodiments enhance performances of cell reselection to a TN cell. Alternatively or additionally, some embodiments enhance UE mobility performance.
  • the wireless device 12 exemplified as a UE
  • the UE may be served by a TN cell and/or by an NTN cell.
  • the UE may be operating in a low activity RRC state, e.g., idle state, inactive state, etc.
  • Some embodiments are relevant for the situation where TN coverage and NTN geographically coverage overlap with each other as well as in areas where TN and NTN coverage partly overlap, and where the coverage situation changes due to NTN satellite movement and, e.g., large scale shadowing.
  • the UE has both TN and NTN capability, where the UE either can use both capabilities simultaneously or only one at a time, wherein in the latter case, which capability to activate may be governed by certain trigger condition(s).
  • some embodiments assume two carrier frequency cases since both could be allowed in future standardization and/or deployment.
  • One case is where TN and NTN cells coincidently use the same carrier.
  • An example to justify is, a satellite covering an area spanning several countries and some TN cells in one specific country among the covered countries happen to use the same carrier.
  • the other case is when the TN and NTN cells are using distinguishable carriers to serve the target area.
  • the NTN signal level (e.g., RSRP level) may be higher than the TN signal level (e.g., RSRP level) at the UE, while in some embodiments the TN signal level (e.g., RSRP level) may be higher than the NTN signal level (e.g., RSRP level) at the UE.
  • the UE is able to identify or determine whether the cell belongs to or operates in a TN (e.g., served by a ground base station (BS) and called a TN cell) or the cell belongs to or operate in an NTN (e.g., served by an NTN satellite and called an NTN cell). For example, the UE may determine whether the cell belongs to a TN or NTN based on an identifier or range of identifiers, historical data/past measurements, etc. Examples of identifiers are cell ID, carrier frequency channel number (e.g. absolute radio frequency channel number, ARFCN), indicator signaled in system information of the cell, etc.
  • a TN e.g., served by a ground base station (BS) and called a TN cell
  • NTN e.g., served by an NTN satellite and called an NTN cell
  • the UE may determine whether the cell belongs to a TN or NTN based on an identifier or range of identifiers, historical data/past measurements,
  • Embodiment # 1 UE stopping relaxed TN measurement upon NTN detection
  • a first embodiment illustrates one example of the embodiments shown in Figure 1 and Figures 2-4, e.g., as enumerated in Embodiments A1-A21 and AA1-AA8.
  • a UE is configured for performing relaxed measurements on one or more TN cells, and if the UE detects an NTN cell or is measuring an NTN cell, then the UE does not relax any TN measurement, or stops relaxing any TN measurement even if the relaxation criterion for TN measurement is met.
  • the UE may relax NTN measurements even if the TN measurement is not relaxed.
  • the UE may not relax NTN measurements if the TN measurement is relaxed.
  • Figure 12 shows a high-level flow chart of this first embodiment according to one example where the UE stops relaxed TN measurement upon NTN cell detection.
  • a UE is configured for performing relaxed measurements on one or more TN cells (e.g., intra-frequency TN cells, inter-frequency TN cells, inter-RAT TN cells, etc.), provided that one or more measurement relaxation criteria are met (e.g., low mobility, not at cell edge or combined criteria).
  • the UE’s serving cell is TN cell and therefore the relaxed criterion is evaluated on the serving cell, e.g., serving cell’s signal level (e.g., SrxLev).
  • the UE may further be configured to perform measurements on NTN cells. This may require the UE to also search or detect for NTN cells, e.g., NTN cells configured on NTN carriers or any carrier which may operate at least one NTN cell.
  • the one or more measurement relaxation criteria are met and so the UE is in relaxed mode for the TN (Block 1200).
  • the UE if the UE does not detect an NTN cell or is not performing measurements on NTN cell (NO at Block 1210), then the UE continues performing relaxed measurements on TN cells if the relaxed measurement criterion is met. But if the UE detects at least one NTN cell in the last certain time period (Tx) or is performing any measurement on an NTN cell (YES at Block 1210), then the UE performs one or more of the following actions or operations.
  • a first action or operation is for the UE to cancel, suspend or adapt the relaxed monitoring of one or more group of TN cells (Block 1220).
  • canceling the relaxed monitoring may also be called as stopping or discarding or halting the relaxed monitoring.
  • the UE instead starts or reverts to normal monitoring of the TN cells, e.g., using legacy measurement procedure. In this procedure, the UE measures the TN cells while meeting the normal or legacy measurement requirements (non-relaxed requirements as explained further below).
  • the term adapting the relaxed monitoring comprises that the UE continues to operate in relaxed mode but with adapted relaxation parameters.
  • the UE may further cancel, suspend, or adapt the relaxed monitoring selectively or when one or more additional criteria are met as explained with several examples below.
  • the UE may cancel the relaxed monitoring of TN cells on one or more specific types of carriers, e.g., serving carrier or intra-frequency carrier, all non-serving carriers, inter-frequency carriers, inter-RAT carriers, etc.
  • specific types of carriers e.g., serving carrier or intra-frequency carrier, all non-serving carriers, inter-frequency carriers, inter-RAT carriers, etc.
  • the UE may cancel the relaxed monitoring of TN cells on all the carriers configured for measurements, e.g., serving carrier, non-serving carrier, inter-frequency carriers, etc.
  • the UE may cancel the relaxed monitoring of TN cells on one or more carriers provided that the NTN cell remains detectable for at least certain a time period, e.g., T 1 seconds, L1 number of DRX cycles, etc.
  • a cell may be considered to be detectable if the signal level (e.g., SINR, RSRP, etc.) of the cell measured or estimated at the UE is equal to or above certain threshold, e.g., -6 dB; otherwise, the cell may be considered an undetectable or lost cell.
  • the UE may cancel the relaxed monitoring of TN cells on one or more carriers provided that the signal measurements of the NTN cells are at least X dB better than the signal measurements of the TN cells.
  • the UE may cancel the relaxed monitoring of TN cells on one or more carriers provided that the signal measurements of the NTN cells are at least X dB better than the signal measurements of the TN cells during a certain time period T 1 , where T 1 can be absolute time period, or number of DRX cycles, etc.
  • the UE may cancel certain types of relaxations only while it may continue operating in relaxed mode in other relaxation types.
  • the UE may continue operating in relaxed mode for the neighbor cell measurements, but it reverts to normal mode for the serving cell or vice versa.
  • cancelling of the relaxed monitoring of TN cells on one or more carriers depends on type of relaxation criteria that are fulfilled. For example, the UE may revert to normal mode if the UE is operating under a not-at-cell edge scenario or low mobility scenario, but it may continue operating in relaxed monitoring of TN cells if the relaxation is based on a combined criteria (e.g., both low mobility and not-at-cell edge criteria).
  • a combined criteria e.g., both low mobility and not-at-cell edge criteria.
  • the UE upon detecting an NTN cell while operating in relaxed mode in TN cells, the UE adapts one or more parameters related to the relaxation on TN cells.
  • the UE instead of not measuring at all on neighbor cells starts measuring with a certain periodicity that is still less frequent (still relaxed) than in a normal mode of operation following legacy requirements.
  • the UE/BS when UE measurement entities on NTN cells are NTN-specific and are other than dB values (e.g., for RSRP), the UE/BS will determine based on consensus which thresholds on these measurement entities UE will use to decide to cancel the relaxed monitoring of TN cells on one or more cells/carriers.
  • the UE and the ground BS agree that the NTN cell is considered “at service” only when the expected time to be served (an entity to measure how much time is left for one NTN cell to serve a UE) surpasses a threshold, e.g., T3, where T3 can be absolute time, or number of frames, etc.
  • T3 can be absolute time, or number of frames, etc.
  • Another specific example is, when UE detects an NTN cell’s BS has an elevation angle lower than certain threshold, the cancellation of the relaxed monitoring of TN cells on one or more cells shall not be carried out.
  • a second action or operation is for the UE to restart or resume the relaxed monitoring of one or more group of TN cells if the UE has lost the NTN cell, e.g., cannot be measured anymore, previously detected NTN cell(s) are not detectably anymore, signal cannot be received anymore provided that the corresponding relaxation criteria are fulfilled. For example, if the signal level (e.g., SINR, RSRP, etc.) of the cell falls below a certain threshold, e.g., -6 dB, then the UE may assume that the UE has lost the NTN cell.
  • a certain threshold e.g., -6 dB
  • the UE restarts or resumes the relaxed monitoring of one or more groups of TN cells if the UE has lost the NTN cell for at least a certain time period, e.g., T2 seconds, L2 number of DRX cycles, etc.
  • the UE restarts or resumes the relaxed monitoring of one or more TN cells if the signal measurements of the NTN cells are not X dB better than the signal measurements of the TN cells during a certain time period T 1 , where T 1 can be an absolute time period, or number of DRX cycles, etc.
  • a third action or operation is for the UE to determine whether the UE is also allowed to perform relaxed measurements on an NTN cell.
  • the UE can make this determination based on for example a configuration message received from the network node. If the UE determines that the UE is also allowed to perform relaxed measurements on NTN cells, then the UE may continue performing TN cells also with relaxed measurements. But if the UE determines that the UE is not allowed to perform relaxed measurements on NTN cells, then the UE may cancel or suspend the relaxed monitoring of the TN cells (examples of the first and second actions above).
  • time period (Tx) mentioned above can be expressed in terms of any of, e.g., X1 seconds, X2 time resources, X3 number of DRX cycles, etc.
  • time resources are symbols, slots, subframes, frame, system frame number (SFN) cycle (e.g., 1024 frames), hyperframe, hyper SFN (e.g., 1024 SFN cycles), etc.
  • SFN system frame number
  • An alternative of this embodiment may be that the UE stops the relaxed monitoring for a subset of cells (regardless of NTN or TN cells) configured by BS, while continuing the relaxed monitoring for other cells.
  • Such subset of cells could be signaled from BS to UE or being prestored in UE’s memory.
  • This alternative can be thought of as a generalization of the combination of the first and third actions shown above, where the difference lies in the flexibility of letting UE monitor the TN/NTN cells with a relaxed monitoring rule, based on criterion other than the existence/detectability of NTN cell(s) (in case needed).
  • the serving cell BS is aware of a set of cells that might be with lower priority and signals this information to UE; when UE detects an NTN cell but such NTN cell will not remain detectable for sufficient time, e.g., T 1 seconds, L1 number of DRX cycles, etc., UE may decide to stop the relaxed monitoring for the set of cells signaled from BS while resuming the relaxed monitoring for the rest of the cells since the NTN cell will disappear soon. This might help distinguish the lower priority cells and avoid multiple measurements, while at the same time keep the higher priority cells in relaxed monitoring mode to save UE power.
  • Another alternative is to set a different relaxed monitoring parameter for each cell (including normal monitoring mode as a special case), which is possible though with a higher complexity.
  • monitoring a cell may also be called measuring a cell, which may also include detecting a cell, or measuring the detected cell, evaluating a cell, e.g., for cell reselection, etc.
  • measuring a cell may also include detecting a cell, or measuring the detected cell, evaluating a cell, e.g., for cell reselection, etc.
  • the UE is configured for applying the relaxed measurement based on pre-defined rules (e.g., when serving cell’s signal level is above threshold) or by receiving a configuration message from the network node, e.g., serving base station.
  • the UE regularly (e.g., periodically, every Nth DRX cycle, etc.) checks if the configured criterion is met, e.g., if the UE is in low speed. If the UE meets the configured criterion, then the UE performs measurements on one or more TN cells by meeting relaxed measurement requirements, e.g., called a relaxed measurement procedure.
  • the UE performs measurements on one or more TN cells by using normal or a legacy measurement procedure.
  • the UE meets normal measurement requirements, which may also be called legacy measurement requirements, non-relaxed measurement requirements, etc.
  • legacy measurement requirements which may also be called legacy measurement requirements, non-relaxed measurement requirements, etc.
  • a normal measurement requirement for a certain measurement may comprise measurement time (Tm).
  • the relaxed measurement requirement for the same type of measurement e.g., intra-frequency measurement
  • Tme extended measurement time
  • Tme and Tm are related by a function. An example of the function is:
  • Tme K*Tm (2)
  • measurement time examples are cell detection time, measurement time or period of detected cell, evaluation time or period for cell reselection, etc.
  • Example 1 Relaxed measurement criterion for UE with low mobility for relaxing measurements on TN cell:
  • the relaxed measurement criterion for relaxed measurement on TN cells for UE with low mobility is fulfilled when the following condition is met for the serving cell (e.g., TN serving cell) of the UE:
  • Example 2 Relaxed measurement criterion for UE not at cell edge for relaxing measurements on TN cell:
  • the relaxed measurement criterion for relaxed measurement on TN cells for UE not-at- cell edge is fulfilled when the following condition is met for the serving cell of the UE:
  • Example 3 Measurements for UE fulfilling not-at-cell edge criterion for TN intra- frequency NR cell:
  • UE is configured with cellEdgeEvaluation criterion and UE has fulfilled, or (b) UE is configured with both lowMobilityEvalutation criterion and cellEdgeEvaluation criteria and combineRelaxedMeasCondition not configured, and UE has fulfilled only the cellEdgeEvaluation criterion.
  • the UE fulfilling the above not-at-cell edge criterion performs intra-frequency measurement during measurement times (Tdetect,NR_mtra, T m easure,NR_mtra and T eV aiuate,NR_int ra ) defined in Table 2:
  • Example 4 Measurements for UE fulfilling low mobility criterion for TN inter-frequency
  • T331 timer is not running for EMR measurements on inter-frequency NR carrier
  • UE is configured with lowMobiHtyEvalutation criterion and UE has fulfilled, or (b) UE is configured with both lowMobiHtyEvalutation and cellEdgeEvaluation criterion and combineRelaxedMeasCondition not configured, and UE has fulfilled only the lowMobiHtyEvalutation criterion .
  • Embodiment # 2 UE continues relaxed NTN measurement upon TN detection
  • a second embodiment illustrates another example of the embodiments shown in Figure 1 and Figures 2-4, e.g., as enumerated in Embodiments A1-A21 and AA1-AA8.
  • a UE is configured for performing relaxed measurements on one or more NTN cells, and if the UE detects a TN cell, then the UE does not relax any TN measurements, even if the relaxation criterion for NTN measurement is met. The UE however may relax NTN measurements.
  • Figure 13 illustrates the second embodiment according to one example
  • a UE is configured for performing relaxed measurements on one or more NTN cells (e.g., intrafrequency NTN cells, inter-frequency NTN cells, inter-RAT NTN cells, etc.) provided that one or more measurement relaxation criteria are met (e.g., low mobility, not-at-cell edge or combined criteria).
  • NTN cells e.g., intrafrequency NTN cells, inter-frequency NTN cells, inter-RAT NTN cells, etc.
  • measurement relaxation criteria e.g., low mobility, not-at-cell edge or combined criteria.
  • the UE’s serving cell is NTN cell and therefore the relaxed criterion is evaluated on the serving cell, e.g., serving cell’s signal level (e.g., SrxLev).
  • the UE may further be configured to perform measurements on TN cells.
  • TN cells e.g., TN cells configured on TN carriers (i.e., inter-frequency TN, inter-RAT RN carriers, etc.) or any carrier which may operate at least one TN cell.
  • TN carriers i.e., inter-frequency TN, inter-RAT RN carriers, etc.
  • the one or more measurement relaxation criteria are met and so the UE operates in the relaxed mode for the NTN (Block 1300). If the UE does not find or measure any TN cell (NO at Block 1310), then the UE continues to operate in the relaxed mode for the NTN (Block 1300). If the UE detects any TN cell (YES at Block 1310), then the UE starts performing the measurement on the detected TN cell using normal or legacy measurement procedures (Block 1320). The UE may continue performing relaxed measurements on NTN cells if the relaxed measurement criterion for NTN measurements is met.
  • Embodiment # 3 UE adapting relaxed measurements based on relation between NTN measurement relaxation and TN measurement relaxation
  • a third embodiment illustrates an example of the embodiments shown in Figure 5 and Figures 6-7, e.g., as enumerated in Embodiments AAA1-AAA8.
  • a UE is configured for performing relaxed measurements on one or more NTN cells and TN cells based on their respective relaxation criteria, e.g., different parameters, thresholds for relaxing NTN, and TN measurements.
  • the UE may decide based on one or more rules whether to relax NTN and/or TN measurements even if relaxed measurement criteria are met for both TN and NTN cells.
  • the UE relaxes TN measurements only if the relaxed measurement criteria are met for both TN and NTN cells. But if the relaxed criterion is met only for NTN cells, then the UE may relax NTN cells.
  • Figure 14 illustrates a high level flow chart of the third embodiment according to one example.
  • a UE is configured for performing relaxed measurements on one or more cells belonging to NTN and one or more cells belonging to TN cells (Block 1400).
  • the serving cell can be TN or NTN.
  • the criterion e.g., parameter, thresholds, etc.
  • the criterion may be different for evaluating relaxation for TN and NTN cells.
  • the signal configured thresholds can be S Se arc hD eitap_ TN and S S earc hD eitap_ NTN respectively, and the configured duration/time thresholds can be Tsearc hD eitapjm and Tsearc hD eitap_NTN respectively.
  • the configured signal strength thresholds can be S Se arc hTh res h oi dP -TN and Ssearc hTh res h oi dP _NTN respectively
  • the configured signal quality thresholds can be SsearchThreshoidQ j m and SsearchThreshoidQ _NTN respectively.
  • the UE may regularly evaluate relaxation criterion for both TN and NTN cells. As shown in Figure 14, then, the UE may evaluate NTN relaxation criteria (Block 1410) as well as evaluate the TN relaxation criteria (Block 1420).
  • the UE may decide based on one or more rules whether to relax one or both TN and NTN measurements even if the measurement relaxation criterion (e.g., low mobility, not-at-cell-edge, or combination thereof, etc.) is met in the serving cell for both TN and NTN measurements.
  • the relaxation monitoring can be applied to only a subset of TN/NTN cells, in order to guarantee flexibility.
  • the rules can be pre-defined or configured by the network node. Examples of rules are below.
  • the UE relaxes measurements on TN and NTN cells only if the UE meets relaxation criterion for both TN and NTN measurements. For example, assume that the UE meets relaxation criterion for measurements on TN cells and not for measurements on NTN cells (Block 1440A). In this case, the UE does not perform relaxed measurements on TN cells, but rather measures the TN cells using legacy/normal measurement procedures (Block 1440B).
  • the UE performs relaxed measurements on TN cells (Block 1450B) only if the UE meets relaxation criteria for both TN and NTN cells (Block 1450A). But if the UE meets relaxation criteria for only NTN cells and not for TN cells, then the UE can perform relaxed measurements on NTN cells (Block 1450B).
  • the UE performs relaxed measurements on NTN cells only if the UE meets relaxation criteria for both TN and NTN cells. So, if the UE fulfills relaxation criteria for NTN cells, but not for NTN cells (Block 1430A), the UE does not relax measurements on NTN cells (Block 1430B). But if the UE meets relaxation criteria for only TN cells and not for NTN cells, then the UE can perform relaxed measurements on TN cells.
  • the UE adapts the relaxed measurements based on the relation between F 1 and F2, where F 1 is the serving carrier frequency of NTN cell and F2 is the serving carrier frequency of TN cell.
  • the UE is also allowed to operate in relaxed mode for the TN cell(s)/carriers without separately evaluating the relaxation criteria for TN cells.
  • the UE is also allowed to operate in relaxed mode for the NTN cell(s)/carriers without separately evaluating the relaxation criteria for NTN cells.
  • the UE is required to evaluate the relaxation criteria separately for operating in relaxed mode for the TN cell(s)/carriers and the other way around.
  • gNB associated with a satellite might include both a regenerative satellite, where the gNB is the satellite payload and the gNB is integrated with the satellite, or a transparent satellite, where the satellite payload is a relay and gNB is on the ground (i.e., the satellite relays the communication between the gNB on the ground and the UE).
  • NTNs using the NR radio access technology for communication between the UE and the satellite/gNB are described in terms of NTNs using the NR radio access technology for communication between the UE and the satellite/gNB, but with minor modifications, embodiments are applicable also in NTNs using other radio access technologies, such as LTE.
  • NodeB NodeB, base station (BS), multi-standard radio (MSR) radio node such as MSR BS, eNodeB, gNodeB, master eNB (MeNB), secondary eNB (SeNB), location measurement unit (LMU), integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, network controller, radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), relay, donor node controlling relay, base transceiver station (BTS), Central Unit (e.g. in a gNB), Distributed Unit (e.g.
  • MSR multi-standard radio
  • a gNB Baseband Unit, Centralized Baseband, cloud radio access network (C-RAN), access point (AP), transmission points, transmission nodes, transmission reception point (TRP), remote radio unit (RRU), remote radio head (RRH), nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS), core network node (e.g., mobile switching center (MSC), mobility management entity (MME), etc.), operating and maintenance (O&M), operations support system (OSS), self-organizing network (SON), positioning node (e.g., Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC)), etc.
  • C-RAN cloud radio access network
  • AP access point
  • TRP transmission reception point
  • RRU remote radio unit
  • RRH remote radio head
  • core network node e.g., mobile switching center (MSC), mobility management entity (MME), etc.
  • O&M operations support system
  • SON self-organizing network
  • positioning node e.g., Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC
  • UE refers to any type of wireless device communicating with a network node and/or with another UE in a cellular or mobile communication system.
  • Examples of UE are target device, device to device (D2D) UE, vehicular to vehicular (V2V), machine type UE, machine type communication (MTC) UE or UE capable of machine to machine (M2M) communication, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, laptop embedded equipment (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), USB dongles, etc.
  • D2D device to device
  • V2V vehicular to vehicular
  • MTC machine type communication
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • tablet mobile terminals
  • smart phone laptop embedded equipment
  • LME laptop mounted equipment
  • USB dongles etc.
  • radio access technology may refer to any RAT, e.g., Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), narrow band internet of things (NB-loT), WiFi, Bluetooth, next generation RAT, New Radio (NR), 4G, 5G, etc.
  • UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
  • E-UTRA Evolved UTRA
  • NB-loT narrow band internet of things
  • WiFi Bluetooth
  • NR New Radio
  • NR New Radio
  • 5G New Radio
  • signal or radio signal used herein can be any physical signal or physical channel.
  • DL physical signals are reference signal (RS) such as PSS, SSS, CSI- RS, DMRS signals in SS/PBCH block (SSB), discovery reference signal (DRS), CRS, PRS, etc.
  • RS may be periodic, e.g., RS occasion carrying one or more RSs may occur with certain periodicity, e.g., 20 ms, 40 ms, etc.
  • the RS may also be aperiodic.
  • Each SSB carries NR-PSS, NR-SSS, and NR-PBCH in 4 successive symbols.
  • One or multiple SSBs are transmitted in one SSB burst, which is repeated with certain periodicity, e.g., 5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms, and 160 ms.
  • the UE is configured with information about SSB on cells of certain carrier frequency by one or more SS/PBCH block measurement timing configuration (SMTC) configurations.
  • SMTC configuration comprising parameters such as SMTC periodicity, SMTC occasion length in time or duration, SMTC time offset with respect to reference time (e.g., serving cell’s SFN), etc.
  • SMTC occasion may also occur with certain periodicity, e.g., 5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms, and 160 ms.
  • Examples of UL physical signals are reference signals such as SRS, DMRS, etc.
  • the term physical channel refers to any channel carrying higher layer information, e.g., data, control, etc.
  • Examples of physical channels are Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), Narrowband PBCH (NPBCH), Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), short Physical Uplink Control Channel (sPUCCH), short PDSCH (sPDSCH), short PUCCH (sPUCCH), short Physical Uplink Shared Channel (sPUSCH), MTC PDCCH (MPDCCH), Narrowband PDCCH (NPDCCH), Narrowband PDSCH (NPDSCH), Enhanced PDCCH (E-PDCCH), Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), Narrowband PUSCH (NPUSCH), etc.
  • PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
  • NNBCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
  • sPUCCH Short Physical Uplink Control Channel
  • sPDSCH short PDSCH
  • sPUSCH short PUCCH
  • sPUSCH short Physical Uplink Shared Channel
  • MTC PDCCH MPDCCH
  • low mobility in NTN case can be divided into two cases: earth-fixed beam/cell and earth-moving beam/cell.
  • earth-fixed beam/cell With the earth-fixed beam/cell, low mobility is considered similarly to the TN case where the UE speed is low.
  • earth-moving beam/cell With the earth-moving beam/cell, the cell itself is moving when earth is selected as a reference. In this case, low mobility might refer to the case where during the time period that the below embodiments involve the UE relative position within the moving cell changes a distance that is smaller than certain proportion of the NTN cell radius.
  • Figure 15 shows an example of a communication system 1500 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the communication system 1500 includes a telecommunication network 1502 that includes an access network 1504, such as a radio access network (RAN), and a core network 1506, which includes one or more core network nodes 1508.
  • the access network 1504 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes 1510a and 1510b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes 1510), or any other similar 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access node or non-3GPP access point.
  • 3GPP 3 rd Generation Partnership Project
  • the network nodes 1510 facilitate direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE), such as by connecting UEs 1512a, 1512b, 1512c, and 1512d (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs 1512) to the core network 1506 over one or more wireless connections.
  • UE user equipment
  • Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and/or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors.
  • the communication system 1500 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and/or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and/or signals whether via wired or wireless connections.
  • the communication system 1500 may include and/or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and/or other similar type of system.
  • the UEs 1512 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes 1510 and other communication devices.
  • the network nodes 1510 are arranged, capable, configured, and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs 1512 and/or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network 1502 to enable and/or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and/or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network 1502.
  • the core network 1506 connects the network nodes 1510 to one or more hosts, such as host 1516. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts.
  • the core network 1506 includes one more core network nodes (e.g., core network node 1508) that are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, network nodes, and/or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node 1508.
  • Example core network nodes include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Mobility Management Entity (MME), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Authentication Server Function (AUSF), Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP), Network Exposure Function (NEF), and/or a User Plane Function (UPF).
  • MSC Mobile Switching Center
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • HSS Home Subscriber Server
  • AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • AUSF Authentication Server Function
  • SIDF Subscription Identifier De-concealing function
  • UDM Unified Data Management
  • SEPP Security Edge Protection Proxy
  • NEF Network Exposure Function
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • the host 1516 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network 1504 and/or the telecommunication network 1502, and may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider.
  • the host 1516 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio/video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
  • the communication system 1500 of Figure 15 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts.
  • the communication system may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Long Term Evolution (LTE), and/or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G); wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi); and/or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and/or any low- power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • the telecommunication network 1502 is a cellular network that implements 3GPP standardized features. Accordingly, the telecommunications network 1502 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunication network 1502. For example, the telecommunications network 1502 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and/or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC)/Massive loT services to yet further UEs.
  • URLLC Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication
  • eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband
  • mMTC Massive Machine Type Communication
  • the UEs 1512 are configured to transmit and/or receive information without direct human interaction.
  • a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network 1504 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network 1504.
  • a UE may be configured for operating in single- or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode.
  • a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC), such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio - Dual Connectivity (EN-DC).
  • MR-DC multi-radio dual connectivity
  • the hub 1514 communicates with the access network 1504 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 1512c and/or 1512d) and network nodes (e.g., network node 1510b).
  • the hub 1514 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs.
  • the hub 1514 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network 1506 for the UEs.
  • the hub 1514 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs.
  • Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes 1510, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub 1514.
  • the hub 1514 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data.
  • the hub 1514 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub 1514 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub 1514 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and/or after adding additional local content.
  • the hub 1514 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular in if one or more of the UEs are low energy loT devices.
  • the hub 1514 may have a constant/persistent or intermittent connection to the network node 1510b.
  • the hub 1514 may also allow for a different communication scheme and/or schedule between the hub 1514 and UEs (e.g., UE 1512c and/or 1512d), and between the hub 1514 and the core network 1506.
  • the hub 1514 is connected to the core network 1506 and/or one or more UEs via a wired connection.
  • the hub 1514 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network 1504 and/or to another UE over a direct connection.
  • UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes 1510 while still connected via the hub 1514 via a wired or wireless connection.
  • the hub 1514 may be a dedicated hub - that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to/from the UEs from/to the network node 1510b.
  • the hub 1514 may be a non-dedicated hub - that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node 1510b, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and/or end point for certain data channels.
  • a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and/or other UEs.
  • a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE), laptop-mounted equipment (LME), smart device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE), vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded/integrated wireless device, etc.
  • VoIP voice over IP
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • gaming console or device music storage device, playback appliance
  • wearable terminal device wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE), laptop-mounted equipment (LME), smart device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE), vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded/integrated wireless device, etc.
  • UEs identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), including a narrow band internet of things (NB-loT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and/or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • NB-loT narrow band internet of things
  • MTC machine type communication
  • eMTC enhanced MTC
  • a UE may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), or vehicle-to-everything (V2X).
  • D2D device-to-device
  • DSRC Dedicated Short-Range Communication
  • V2V vehicle-to-vehicle
  • V2I vehicle-to-infrastructure
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and/or operates the relevant device.
  • a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller).
  • a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale
  • the UE 1600 includes processing circuitry 1602 that is operatively coupled via a bus 1604 to an input/output interface 1606, a power source 1608, a memory 1610, a communication interface 1612, and/or any other component, or any combination thereof.
  • Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in Figure 16. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
  • the processing circuitry 1602 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory 1610.
  • the processing circuitry 1602 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc.); programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP), together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above.
  • the processing circuitry 1602 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs).
  • the input/output interface 1606 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and/or output devices.
  • Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof.
  • An input device may allow a user to capture information into the UE 1600.
  • Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like.
  • the presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user.
  • a sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • the power source 1608 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet), photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used.
  • the power source 1608 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source 1608 itself, and/or an external power source, to the various parts of the UE 1600 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Delivering power may be, for example, for charging of the power source 1608.
  • Power circuitry may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from the power source 1608 to make the power suitable for the respective components of the UE 1600 to which power is supplied.
  • the memory 1610 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth.
  • the memory 1610 includes one or more application programs 1614, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data 1616.
  • the memory 1610 may store, for use by the UE 1600, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
  • the memory 1610 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID), flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs), such as a USIM and/or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof.
  • RAID redundant array of independent disks
  • HD-DVD high-density digital versatile disc
  • HDDS holographic digital data storage
  • DIMM external mini-dual in-line memory module
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • the UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC), integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card.’
  • eUICC embedded UICC
  • iUICC integrated UICC
  • SIM card removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card.’
  • the memory 1610 may allow the UE 1600 to access instructions, application programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data.
  • An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory 1610, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.
  • the processing circuitry 1602 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using the communication interface 1612.
  • the communication interface 1612 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna 1622.
  • the communication interface 1612 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another UE or a network node in an access network).
  • Each transceiver may include a transmitter 1618 and/or a receiver 1620 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth).
  • the transmitter 1618 and receiver 1620 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 1622) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.
  • communication functions of the communication interface 1612 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof.
  • Communications may be implemented in according to one or more communication protocols and/or standards, such as IEEE 802.11 , Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR), UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP), synchronous optical networking (SONET), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM),
  • HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
  • a UE may provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface 1612, via a wireless connection to a network node.
  • Data captured by sensors of a UE can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another UE.
  • the output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature), random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors), in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent), in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request), or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient).
  • a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection.
  • the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change.
  • the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.
  • a UE when in the form of an Internet of Things (loT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, city wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare.
  • loT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door/window sensor, a flood/moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a head-mounted display for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR), a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal- or item-t
  • AR Augmented
  • a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and/or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and/or measurements to another UE and/or a network node.
  • the UE may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device.
  • the UE may implement the 3GPP NB-loT standard.
  • a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and/or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
  • any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case.
  • a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone.
  • the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed.
  • the first and/or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above.
  • a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
  • FIG 17 shows a network node 1700 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and/or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunication network.
  • network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs)).
  • APs access points
  • BSs base stations
  • Node Bs Node Bs
  • eNBs evolved Node Bs
  • gNBs NR NodeBs
  • Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations.
  • a base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay.
  • a network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units and/or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs). Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio.
  • RRUs remote radio units
  • RRHs Remote Radio Heads
  • Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio.
  • Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS).
  • DAS distributed antenna system
  • network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell/multicast coordination entities (MCEs), Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs)), and/or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs).
  • MSR multi-standard radio
  • RNCs radio network controllers
  • BSCs base station controllers
  • BTSs base transceiver stations
  • OFDM Operation and Maintenance
  • OSS Operations Support System
  • SON Self-Organizing Network
  • positioning nodes e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs)
  • the network node 1700 includes a processing circuitry 1702, a memory 1704, a communication interface 1706, and a power source 1708.
  • the network node 1700 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc.), which may each have their own respective components.
  • the network node 1700 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components)
  • one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes.
  • a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs.
  • each unique NodeB and RNC pair may in some instances be considered a single separate network node.
  • the network node 1700 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs). In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory 1704 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna 1710 may be shared by different RATs).
  • the network node 1700 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 1700, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 1700.
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • the processing circuitry 1702 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node 1700 components, such as the memory 1704, to provide network node 1700 functionality.
  • the processing circuitry 1702 includes a system on a chip (SOC). In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1702 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1712 and baseband processing circuitry 1714. In some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1712 and the baseband processing circuitry 1714 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1712 and baseband processing circuitry 1714 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
  • SOC system on a chip
  • the memory 1704 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry 1702.
  • volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-
  • the memory 1704 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and/or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 1702 and utilized by the network node 1700.
  • the memory 1704 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 1702 and/or any data received via the communication interface 1706.
  • the processing circuitry 1702 and memory 1704 is integrated.
  • the communication interface 1706 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and/or data between a network node, access network, and/or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface 1706 comprises port(s)/terminal(s) 1716 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection.
  • the communication interface 1706 also includes radio front-end circuitry 1718 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna 1710. Radio front-end circuitry 1718 comprises filters 1720 and amplifiers 1722.
  • the radio front-end circuitry 1718 may be connected to an antenna 1710 and processing circuitry 1702.
  • the radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 1710 and processing circuitry 1702.
  • the radio front-end circuitry 1718 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection.
  • the radio front-end circuitry 1718 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 1720 and/or amplifiers 1722.
  • the radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna 1710.
  • the antenna 1710 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry 1718.
  • the digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry 1702.
  • the communication interface may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.
  • the network node 1700 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry 1718, instead, the processing circuitry 1702 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 1710.
  • the processing circuitry 1702 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 1710.
  • all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 1712 is part of the communication interface 1706.
  • the communication interface 1706 includes one or more ports or terminals 1716, the radio front-end circuitry 1718, and the RF transceiver circuitry 1712, as part of a radio unit (not shown), and the communication interface 1706 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry 1714, which is part of a digital unit (not shown).
  • the antenna 1710 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals.
  • the antenna 1710 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry 1718 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and/or signals wirelessly.
  • the antenna 1710 is separate from the network node 1700 and connectable to the network node 1700 through an interface or port.
  • the antenna 1710, communication interface 1706, and/or the processing circuitry 1702 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and/or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and/or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna 1710, the communication interface 1706, and/or the processing circuitry 1702 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and/or any other network equipment.
  • the power source 1708 provides power to the various components of network node 1700 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component).
  • the power source 1708 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node 1700 with power for performing the functionality described herein.
  • the network node 1700 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source 1708.
  • the power source 1708 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
  • Embodiments of the network node 1700 may include additional components beyond those shown in Figure 17 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and/or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein.
  • the network node 1700 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node 1700 and to allow output of information from the network node 1700. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node 1700.
  • FIG 18 is a block diagram of a host 1800, which may be an embodiment of the host 1516 of Figure 15, in accordance with various aspects described herein.
  • the host 1800 may be or comprise various combinations hardware and/or software, including a standalone server, a blade server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, a virtual machine, container, or processing resources in a server farm.
  • the host 1800 may provide one or more services to one or more UEs.
  • the host 1800 includes processing circuitry 1802 that is operatively coupled via a bus 1804 to an input/output interface 1806, a network interface 1808, a power source 1810, and a memory 1812.
  • processing circuitry 1802 that is operatively coupled via a bus 1804 to an input/output interface 1806, a network interface 1808, a power source 1810, and a memory 1812.
  • Other components may be included in other embodiments. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the devices of previous figures, such as Figures 16 and 17, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of host 1800.
  • the memory 1812 may include one or more computer programs including one or more host application programs 1814 and data 1816, which may include user data, e.g., data generated by a UE for the host 1800 or data generated by the host 1800 for a UE.
  • Embodiments of the host 1800 may utilize only a subset or all of the components shown.
  • the host application programs 1814 may be implemented in a container-based architecture and may provide support for video codecs (e.g., Versatile Video Coding (WC), High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Advanced Video Coding (AVC), MPEG, VP9) and audio codecs (e.g., FLAC, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), MPEG, G.711), including transcoding for multiple different classes, types, or implementations of UEs (e.g., handsets, desktop computers, wearable display systems, heads-up display systems).
  • video codecs e.g., Versatile Video Coding (WC), High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Advanced Video Coding (AVC), MPEG, VP9
  • audio codecs e.g., FLAC, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), MPEG, G.711
  • UEs e.g., handsets, desktop computers, wearable display systems, heads
  • the host application programs 1814 may also provide for user authentication and licensing checks and may periodically report health, routes, and content availability to a central node, such as a device in or on the edge of a core network. Accordingly, the host 1800 may select and/or indicate a different host for over-the-top services for a UE.
  • the host application programs 1814 may support various protocols, such as the HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) protocol, Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP), Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH), etc.
  • HLS HTTP Live Streaming
  • RTMP Real-Time Messaging Protocol
  • RTSP Real-Time Streaming Protocol
  • MPEG-DASH Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP
  • FIG 19 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 1900 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized.
  • virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources.
  • virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components.
  • Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments 1900 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node, UE, core network node, or host.
  • VMs virtual machines
  • the node may be entirely virtualized.
  • Applications 1902 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.) are run in the virtualization environment Q400 to implement some of the features, functions, and/or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.
  • Hardware 1904 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and/or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and/or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input/output interface, and so forth.
  • Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers 1906 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs)), provide VMs 1908a and 1908b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as VMs 1908), and/or perform any of the functions, features and/or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein.
  • the virtualization layer 1906 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to the VMs 1908.
  • the VMs 1908 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 1906.
  • Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance 1902 may be implemented on one or more of VMs 1908, and the implementations may be made in different ways.
  • Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV). NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
  • NFV network function virtualization
  • a VM 1908 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine.
  • Each of the VMs 1908, and that part of hardware 1904 that executes that VM be it hardware dedicated to that VM and/or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements.
  • a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more VMs 1908 on top of the hardware 1904 and corresponds to the application 1902.
  • Hardware 1904 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware 1904 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 1904 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration 1910, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications 1902.
  • hardware 1904 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station.
  • some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system 1912 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.
  • Figure 20 shows a communication diagram of a host 2002 communicating via a network node 2004 with a UE 2006 over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments.
  • host 2002 Like host 1800, embodiments of host 2002 include hardware, such as a communication interface, processing circuitry, and memory.
  • the host 2002 also includes software, which is stored in or accessible by the host 2002 and executable by the processing circuitry.
  • the software includes a host application that may be operable to provide a service to a remote user, such as the UE 2006 connecting via an over-the-top (OTT) connection 2050 extending between the UE 2006 and host 2002.
  • OTT over-the-top
  • the network node 2004 includes hardware enabling it to communicate with the host 2002 and UE 2006.
  • connection 2060 may be direct or pass through a core network (like core network 1506 of Figure 15) and/or one or more other intermediate networks, such as one or more public, private, or hosted networks.
  • a core network like core network 1506 of Figure 15
  • intermediate networks such as one or more public, private, or hosted networks.
  • an intermediate network may be a backbone network or the Internet.
  • the UE 2006 includes hardware and software, which is stored in or accessible by UE 2006 and executable by the UE’s processing circuitry.
  • the software includes a client application, such as a web browser or operator-specific “app” that may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE 2006 with the support of the host 2002.
  • a client application such as a web browser or operator-specific “app” that may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE 2006 with the support of the host 2002.
  • an executing host application may communicate with the executing client application via the OTT connection 2050 terminating at the UE 2006 and host 2002.
  • the UE's client application may receive request data from the host's host application and provide user data in response to the request data.
  • the OTT connection 2050 may transfer both the request data and the user data.
  • the UE's client application may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides to the host application through the OTT connection 2050.
  • the OTT connection 2050 may extend via a connection 2060 between the host 2002 and the network node 2004 and via a wireless connection 2070 between the network node 2004 and the UE 2006 to provide the connection between the host 2002 and the UE 2006.
  • the connection 2060 and wireless connection 2070, over which the OTT connection 2050 may be provided, have been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between the host 2002 and the UE 2006 via the network node 2004, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices.
  • the host 2002 provides user data, which may be performed by executing a host application.
  • the user data is associated with a particular human user interacting with the UE 2006.
  • the user data is associated with a UE 2006 that shares data with the host 2002 without explicit human interaction.
  • the host 2002 initiates a transmission carrying the user data towards the UE 2006.
  • the host 2002 may initiate the transmission responsive to a request transmitted by the UE 2006.
  • the request may be caused by human interaction with the UE 2006 or by operation of the client application executing on the UE 2006.
  • the transmission may pass via the network node 2004, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.
  • the network node 2004 transmits to the UE 2006 the user data that was carried in the transmission that the host 2002 initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.
  • the UE 2006 receives the user data carried in the transmission, which may be performed by a client application executed on the UE 2006 associated with the host application executed by the host 2002.
  • the UE 2006 executes a client application which provides user data to the host 2002.
  • the user data may be provided in reaction or response to the data received from the host 2002.
  • the UE 2006 may provide user data, which may be performed by executing the client application.
  • the client application may further consider user input received from the user via an input/output interface of the UE 2006.
  • the UE 2006 initiates, in step 2018, transmission of the user data towards the host 2002 via the network node 2004.
  • the network node 2004 receives user data from the UE 2006 and initiates transmission of the received user data towards the host 2002.
  • the host 2002 receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the UE 2006.
  • One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to the UE 2006 using the OTT connection 2050, in which the wireless connection 2070 forms the last segment.
  • factory status information may be collected and analyzed by the host 2002.
  • the host 2002 may process audio and video data which may have been retrieved from a UE for use in creating maps.
  • the host 2002 may collect and analyze real-time data to assist in controlling vehicle congestion (e.g., controlling traffic lights).
  • the host 2002 may store surveillance video uploaded by a UE.
  • the host 2002 may store or control access to media content such as video, audio, VR or AR which it can broadcast, multicast or unicast to UEs.
  • the host 2002 may be used for energy pricing, remote control of non-time critical electrical load to balance power generation needs, location services, presentation services (such as compiling diagrams etc. from data collected from remote devices), or any other function of collecting, retrieving, storing, analyzing and/or transmitting data.
  • a measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve.
  • the measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection may be implemented in software and hardware of the host 2002 and/or UE 2006.
  • sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with other devices through which the OTT connection 2050 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which software may compute or estimate the monitored quantities.
  • the reconfiguring of the OTT connection 2050 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring need not directly alter the operation of the network node 2004. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art.
  • measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling that facilitates measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like, by the host 2002.
  • the measurements may be implemented in that software causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using the OTT connection 2050 while monitoring propagation times, errors, etc.
  • computing devices described herein may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and/or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
  • processing circuitry may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
  • computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components.
  • a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and/or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface.
  • non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
  • processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer- readable storage medium.
  • some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner.
  • the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and/or by end users and a wireless network generally.
  • a and/or B covers embodiments having A alone, B alone, or both A and B together.
  • the term “A and/or B” may therefore equivalently mean “at least one of any one or more of A and B”.
  • modifications and other embodiments of the disclosed invention(s) will come to mind to one skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the invention(s) is/are not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure. Although specific terms may be employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
  • Example embodiments of the techniques and apparatus described herein include, but are not limited to, the following enumerated examples:
  • a method performed by a wireless device comprising: determining whether or not to perform measurement on a cell of a terrestrial network, based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurement on a cell of a non-terrestrial network; and performing or not performing measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network according to said determining.
  • determining comprises, when the wireless device is required to perform measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network according to one or more measurement rules, determining, based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurement on a cell of a non-terrestrial network, whether or not the wireless device is allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network.
  • determining comprises determining that the wireless device is allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network when the wireless device has not detected a cell of a non-terrestrial network within a certain time duration and is not performing a measurement on a cell of a non-terrestrial network.
  • determining comprises determining that the wireless device is allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network when: a relaxed monitoring criterion is fulfilled for a certain time period; less than a time duration has passed since measurements for cell reselection were last performed; and the wireless device has performed measurements for at least the certain time period after selecting or reselecting a new cell; wherein fulfillment of the relaxed monitoring criterion requires that the wireless device has not detected a cell of a non-terrestrial network within a certain time duration and is not performing a measurement on a cell of a non-terrestrial network.
  • A6 The method of any of embodiments A2-A5, wherein the wireless device is allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network according to one or more relaxed measurement rules.
  • a relaxed measurement mode is a mode in which the wireless device is allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network according to the one or more relaxed measurement rules
  • a non-relaxed measurement mode is a mode in which the wireless device is not allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network.
  • determining whether to operate in the relaxed measurement mode or the non-relaxed measurement mode comprises determining whether to enter the relaxed measurement mode for measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurement on a cell of the non-terrestrial network.
  • determining whether to operate in the relaxed measurement mode or the non-relaxed measurement mode comprises determining whether to exit the relaxed measurement mode for measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurement on a cell of the non-terrestrial network.
  • A14 The method of any of embodiments A7-A13, further comprising determining one or more parameters that govern an extent to which measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network is relaxed, based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurement on a cell of the non-terrestrial network.
  • A15 The method of any of embodiments A1-A14, wherein said determining comprising: evaluating, based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurement on a cell of a non-terrestrial network, whether or not a criterion is fulfilled for relaxing measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network; and determining whether or not to perform measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network based on whether the criterion is fulfilled.
  • A17 The method of any of embodiments A1 -A16, wherein measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network comprises measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network for cell reselection.
  • determining whether or not to perform measurement on a cell of a terrestrial network comprises determining whether or not to perform measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network during any given discontinuous reception, DRX, cycle, based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurement on a cell of a non-terrestrial network.
  • DRX discontinuous reception
  • A19 The method of any of embodiments A1 -A18, further comprising performing a relaxed measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network provided that at least one of a low mobility criterion and a not-at-cell-edge criteria is fulfilled.
  • A20 The method of any of embodiments A1 -A19, further comprising evaluating a criterion for relaxed measurement if configured by a network node.
  • a method performed by a wireless device comprising: determining, based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurement on a cell of a non-terrestrial network, one or more parameters that govern relaxation of measurement on a cell of a terrestrial network; and controlling relaxed measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network according to the one or more parameters determined.
  • AA3 The method of any of embodiments AA1-AA2, wherein the one or more parameters include a measurement duration, and wherein said controlling comprises controlling relaxed measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network to be performed according to the measurement duration.
  • a method performed by a wireless device comprising: determining whether or not relaxed measurement requirements apply to measurement on a cell of a terrestrial network, based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurement on a cell of a non-terrestrial network; and applying or not applying relaxed measurement requirements to measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network according to said determining.
  • a method performed by a wireless device comprising: determining, based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurement on a cell of a non-terrestrial network, whether or not to enter into, adapt, or exit from a relaxed measurement mode in which the wireless device performs relaxed measurement on a cell of a terrestrial network.
  • a method performed by a wireless device comprising: triggering relaxed measurement on a cell of a terrestrial network, based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurement on a cell of a nonterrestrial network; and performing relaxed measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network as triggered.
  • AA8 The method of any of embodiments AA6-AA7, further comprising triggering the relaxed measurement if configured by a network node.
  • AAA1 A method performed by a wireless device, the method comprising: evaluating whether a first criterion is fulfilled for relaxing measurement on a cell of a first type of network, and evaluating whether a second criterion is fulfilled for relaxing measurement on a cell of a second type of network; and relaxing or not relaxing measurement on the cell of the first type based on whether the first criterion is fulfilled, and relaxing or not relaxing measurement on the cell of the second type based on whether the second criterion is fulfilled.
  • AAA2 The method of embodiment AAA1 , wherein the first type of network is a terrestrial network, and wherein the second type of network is a non-terrestrial network.
  • AAA3 The method of any of embodiments AAA1-AAA2, comprising: relaxing or not relaxing measurement on the cell of the first type of network based on whether the first criterion is fulfilled and on whether the second criteria is fulfilled; and/or relaxing or not relaxing measurement on the cell of the second type of network based on whether the first criterion is fulfilled and on whether the second criteria is fulfilled.
  • AAA4 The method of any of embodiments AAA1-AAA3, comprising: relaxing measurement on the cell of the first type of network if both the first criterion is fulfilled and the second criteria is fulfilled; and not relaxing measurement on the cell of the first type of network if the first criterion is not fulfilled, or if the first criterion is fulfilled but the second criterion is not fulfilled.
  • AAA5 The method of embodiment AAA4, comprising: relaxing measurement on the cell of the second type of network if the second criterion is fulfilled, regardless of whether or not the first criterion is fulfilled.
  • AAA6 The method of any of embodiments AAA1-AAA4, comprising: relaxing measurement on the cell of the second type of network if both the first criterion is fulfilled and the second criteria is fulfilled; and not relaxing measurement on the cell of the second type of network if the second type of criterion is not fulfilled, or if the second criterion is fulfilled but the first criterion is not fulfilled.
  • AAA7 The method of any of embodiments AAA1-AAA6, further comprising: performing a relaxed measurement on the cell of the first type of network provided that at least one of a low mobility criterion and a not-at-cell-edge criterion is fulfilled.
  • AAA8 The method of any of embodiments AAA1-AAAA7, further comprising evaluating the first criterion and/or the second criterion if configured by a network node.
  • AAAA1 A method performed by a wireless device, the method comprising: receiving, from a network node, signaling that configures the wireless device to determine whether or not to perform measurement on a cell of a terrestrial network, based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurement on a cell of a non-terrestrial network.
  • AAAA2 The method of embodiment AAAA1 , wherein the signaling configures the wireless device to, when the wireless device is required to perform measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network according to one or more measurement rules, determine, based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurement on a cell of a nonterrestrial network, whether or not the wireless device is allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network.
  • AAAA3 The method of embodiment AAAA2, wherein the signaling configures the wireless device to determine that the wireless device is allowed to choose not to perform measurement on the cell of the terrestrial network when the wireless device has not detected a cell of a non-terrestrial network within a certain time duration and is not performing a measurement on a cell of a non-terrestrial network.
  • AAAA4 The method of embodiment AAAA3, wherein the signaling configures the certain time duration.
  • AAAAA5 A method performed by a wireless device, the method comprising: receiving, from a network node, signaling indicating a first criterion for the wireless device to relax measurement on a cell of a first type of network and a second criterion for the wireless device to relax measurement on a cell of a second type of network.
  • AAAAA2 The method of embodiment AAAAA1 , wherein the first type of network is a terrestrial network, and wherein the second type of network is a non-terrestrial network.
  • AA The method of any of the previous embodiments, further comprising: providing user data; and forwarding the user data to a host computer via the transmission to a base station.
  • a method performed by a network node comprising: transmitting, to a wireless device, signaling that configures the wireless device to determine whether or not to perform measurement on a cell of a terrestrial network, based on whether or not the wireless device detects or performs measurement on a cell of a non-terrestrial network.
  • a method performed by a network node comprising: transmitting, to a wireless device, signaling indicating a first criterion for the wireless device to relax measurement on a cell of a first type of network and a second criterion for the wireless device to relax measurement on a cell of a second type of network.
  • BB The method of any of the previous embodiments, further comprising: obtaining user data; and forwarding the user data to a host computer or a wireless device.
  • a wireless device configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.
  • a wireless device comprising processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.
  • a wireless device comprising: communication circuitry; and processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.
  • a wireless device comprising: processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments; and power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the wireless device.
  • a wireless device comprising: processing circuitry and memory, the memory containing instructions executable by the processing circuitry whereby the wireless device is configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.
  • a user equipment comprising: an antenna configured to send and receive wireless signals; radio front-end circuitry connected to the antenna and to processing circuitry, and configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna and the processing circuitry; the processing circuitry being configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments; an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to allow input of information into the UE to be processed by the processing circuitry; an output interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to output information from the UE that has been processed by the processing circuitry; and a battery connected to the processing circuitry and configured to supply power to the UE.
  • a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by at least one processor of a wireless device, causes the wireless device to carry out the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.
  • a network node configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group B embodiments.
  • a network node comprising processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group B embodiments.
  • a network node comprising: communication circuitry; and processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group B embodiments.
  • a network node comprising: processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group B embodiments; power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the network node.
  • a network node comprising: processing circuitry and memory, the memory containing instructions executable by the processing circuitry whereby the network node is configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group B embodiments.
  • a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by at least one processor of a network node, causes the network node to carry out the steps of any of the Group B embodiments.
  • a communication system including a host computer comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a communication interface configured to forward the user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein the cellular network comprises a base station having a radio interface and processing circuitry, the base station’s processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group B embodiments.
  • UE user equipment
  • the communication system of the previous embodiment further including the base station.
  • the communication system of the previous 2 embodiments further including the UE, wherein the UE is configured to communicate with the base station.
  • D4 The communication system of the previous 3 embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and the UE comprises processing circuitry configured to execute a client application associated with the host application.
  • D5. A method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: at the host computer, providing user data; and at the host computer, initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the base station, wherein the base station performs any of the steps of any of the Group B embodiments.
  • UE user equipment
  • a user equipment configured to communicate with a base station, the UE comprising a radio interface and processing circuitry configured to perform any of the previous 3 embodiments.
  • a communication system including a host computer comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a communication interface configured to forward user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE comprises a radio interface and processing circuitry, the UE’s components configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.
  • UE user equipment
  • the cellular network further includes a base station configured to communicate with the UE.
  • D11 The communication system of the previous 2 embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and the UE’s processing circuitry is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application.
  • a method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: at the host computer, providing user data; and at the host computer, initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the base station, wherein the UE performs any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.
  • UE user equipment
  • a communication system including a host computer comprising: communication interface configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a user equipment (UE) to a base station, wherein the UE comprises a radio interface and processing circuitry, the UE’s processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.
  • UE user equipment
  • the communication system of the previous 2 embodiments further including the base station, wherein the base station comprises a radio interface configured to communicate with the UE and a communication interface configured to forward to the host computer the user data carried by a transmission from the UE to the base station.
  • D17 The communication system of the previous 3 embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application; and the UE’s processing circuitry is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data.
  • D18 The communication system of the previous 4 embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing request data; and the UE’s processing circuitry is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data in response to the request data.
  • a method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: at the host computer, receiving user data transmitted to the base station from the UE, wherein the UE performs any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.
  • UE user equipment
  • the method of the previous 3 embodiments further comprising: at the UE, executing a client application; and at the UE, receiving input data to the client application, the input data being provided at the host computer by executing a host application associated with the client application, wherein the user data to be transmitted is provided by the client application in response to the input data.
  • a communication system including a host computer comprising a communication interface configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a user equipment (UE) to a base station, wherein the base station comprises a radio interface and processing circuitry, the base station’s processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group B embodiments.
  • UE user equipment
  • the communication system of the previous embodiment further including the base station.
  • the communication system of the previous 2 embodiments further including the UE, wherein the UE is configured to communicate with the base station.
  • D26 The communication system of the previous 3 embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application; the UE is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data to be received by the host computer.
  • a method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: at the host computer, receiving, from the base station, user data originating from a transmission which the base station has received from the UE, wherein the UE performs any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.

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Abstract

Un dispositif sans fil (12) évalue si un premier critère (22A) est satisfait pour un espacement de mesure sur une cellule (20A) d'un premier type de réseau (10A), tel qu'un réseau terrestre. Le dispositif sans fil (12) évalue également si un second critère (22 B) est satisfait pour un espacement de mesure sur une cellule (20B) d'un second type de réseau (10B), tel qu'un réseau non terrestre. Le dispositif sans fil (12) espace ou n'espace pas la mesure sur la cellule (20A) du premier type de réseau (10A) sur la base du fait que le premier critère (22A) est satisfait. Et le dispositif sans fil (12) espace ou n'espace pas la mesure sur la cellule (20B) du second type de réseau (10B) sur la base du fait que le second critère (22 B) est satisfait.
PCT/EP2022/063239 2021-05-17 2022-05-17 Espacement de mesure de dispositif sans fil WO2022243269A2 (fr)

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WO2024103526A1 (fr) * 2023-01-18 2024-05-23 Zte Corporation Positionnement relâché pour économie d'énergie dans des communications sans fil

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EP3800933A1 (fr) * 2019-10-02 2021-04-07 Panasonic Intellectual Property Corporation of America Équipement utilisateur impliqué dans des procédures de mesure de cellules voisines
US10805850B1 (en) * 2019-10-03 2020-10-13 Hughes Network Systems, Llc Handover in connected mode between non-terrestrial-network and terrestrial network

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