WO2022237905A1 - 电压防护装置及系统 - Google Patents

电压防护装置及系统 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2022237905A1
WO2022237905A1 PCT/CN2022/092881 CN2022092881W WO2022237905A1 WO 2022237905 A1 WO2022237905 A1 WO 2022237905A1 CN 2022092881 W CN2022092881 W CN 2022092881W WO 2022237905 A1 WO2022237905 A1 WO 2022237905A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
printed circuit
circuit board
voltage
connector
protection device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/092881
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
安哲颖
曹文飞
赵子峰
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to BR112023023491A priority Critical patent/BR112023023491A2/pt
Priority to EP22806867.2A priority patent/EP4322356A4/en
Publication of WO2022237905A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022237905A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/042—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage comprising means to limit the absorbed power or indicate damaged over-voltage protection device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/044—Physical layout, materials not provided for elsewhere
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
    • H05K9/0007—Casings
    • H05K9/002—Casings with localised screening
    • H05K9/0039—Galvanic coupling of ground layer on printed circuit board [PCB] to conductive casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
    • H05K9/0007—Casings
    • H05K9/006—Casings specially adapted for signal processing applications, e.g. CATV, tuner, antennas amplifier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
    • H05K9/0066—Constructional details of transient suppressor

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of device protection, in particular to a protection device and a system based on the protection device.
  • the "grounding” setting can provide a unified signal reference for the device, and it can also prevent the human body from being injured by accidentally touching the live device, and it can also protect the device from being damaged. Damaged by lightning.
  • the access network device can be installed and fixed on the wall inside the building, installed and fixed on the outer wall of the building, or placed directly on the ground inside the building such as the computer room, power distribution room, weak current well, etc. It is used in different The usage scenarios can be installed in different locations.
  • the "grounding" of access network devices can be realized by means of specific cable grounding or "floating ground", but due to the limitations of usage scenarios, there are problems of high cost, difficult maintenance, and great safety hazards.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a voltage protection device, the device comprising: a metal case, a printed circuit board, a first connector, at least one varistor and a high-voltage capacitor,
  • the at least one varistor is connected in series between the signal reference ground of the printed circuit board and the first connector, and the high-voltage capacitor is connected in series between the signal reference ground and the metal shell;
  • the first connector, the at least one piezoresistor and the high-voltage capacitor are fixed on the printed circuit board, and the first connector is a component for connecting the printed circuit board to external equipment;
  • a cavity for accommodating the printed circuit board is formed inside the metal casing, the printed circuit board is fixed in the cavity, and any position on the printed circuit board is in contact with the inside of the metal casing The distance between any positions on the surface is greater than or equal to the electrical safety distance.
  • the voltage protection device provided in the first aspect realizes the setting of the protection ground, anti-static ground and shielding ground of the device, and can realize the floating installation of the printed circuit board. And under the same protection voltage requirements, its electrical safety distance is smaller, so that the distance between the printed circuit board and the metal shell is reduced, and the size of the printed circuit board can be larger under the same metal shell volume, or in The volume of the metal shell can be smaller under the same printed circuit board volume.
  • the voltage protection device has low cost, good protection performance, high reliability, low user requirements, easy installation and maintenance, and is suitable for different usage scenarios and different protection voltage level requirements.
  • the multiple piezoresistors are connected in series and/or in parallel, and the series and /or multiple piezoresistors connected in parallel are connected in series between the signal reference ground and the first connector. In this way, the number of piezoresistors can be selected according to actual needs, and the connection mode among multiple piezoresistors can be set.
  • the equivalent clamping voltage of the at least one piezoresistor is less than or equal to the first divided voltage on the printed circuit board, and the high voltage
  • the working voltage of the capacitor is greater than or equal to the second divided voltage between the signal reference ground and the metal casing, and the capacitance of the high voltage capacitor is 1nF ⁇ 10nF.
  • the device further includes a fastener, and the material of the fastener is a conductive material,
  • the metal shell is provided with a protruding part located in the cavity, and the fastener is used to fix the printed circuit board on the protruding part;
  • One end of the high-voltage capacitor is connected to the signal reference ground, and the other end of the high-voltage capacitor is arranged on the area where the printed circuit board contacts the fastener, or the other end of the high-voltage capacitor extends through a wire to the area where the printed circuit board is in contact with the fastener, so that the other end of the high voltage capacitor is indirectly connected to the metal shell through the fastener.
  • connection between the other end of the high-voltage capacitor and the metal shell can be realized by means of fasteners, and no separate setting is required to realize the connection between the other end of the high-voltage capacitor and the metal shell
  • the "wire" of the device reduces the cost of the device, simplifies the structural setting of the device, and the reliability of the fastener is higher than that of the "wire" provided separately, which can further improve the reliability of the device.
  • the fastener includes a screw or a bolt
  • the printed circuit board is provided with a through hole, so The inner wall of the through hole is covered with a conductive layer, and the protrusion is provided with a screw hole or a bottom hole, and the screw or the bolt is screwed into the screw hole or the bottom hole through the through hole;
  • the other end of the high-voltage capacitor is connected to the conductive layer directly or through the wire, so that the other end of the high-voltage capacitor is indirectly connected to the metal shell through the conductive layer and the fastener.
  • the fixing of the printed circuit board and the connection between the other end of the high-voltage capacitor and the metal shell are realized by means of screws or bolts.
  • the bolts or screws are more convenient for users to install and disassemble the printed circuit board.
  • the setting of "or screw” and "through hole with conductive layer on the printed circuit board” further simplifies the structural setting of the device, and since both can be processed and manufactured with the help of existing processing technology, the structure of the device can also be simplified manufacturing process.
  • the first connector includes at least one network port connector and/or at least one analog telephone service connector. In this way, it is guaranteed that the connectors that may be affected by the surge voltage are protected.
  • the metal shell is provided with a connecting wire hole leading to the cavity, so as to connect to the outside of the printed circuit board
  • the connecting wire of the equipment is connected to the first connector through the connecting wire hole.
  • the metal housing includes a body and a cover
  • the first connector When the cover is in an open state relative to the body, at least the first connector is located in an operable space relative to the body, and the operable space includes an external space relative to the body and/or The inner space of the body is used to facilitate the connection between the external device and the first connector in the operable space.
  • the user by setting the metal shell as two parts, the cover and the body, the user can open or close the metal shell by operating the cover to maintain the voltage protection device, Perform operations such as connection with external devices.
  • the body is provided with the connection wire hole and/or the protrusion.
  • the printed circuit board and other parts that the user can maintain and operate are all in the body, which is convenient for the user to use and maintain the voltage protection device.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a system based on a voltage protection device, including:
  • the voltage protection device of the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect
  • An external device connected to the printed circuit board of the voltage protection device through the first connector of the voltage protection device.
  • connection wire of the external device is connected to the first connector through the connection wire hole of the voltage protection device.
  • FIG. 1A and 1B are schematic structural diagrams of a voltage protection device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of circuit connection of a voltage protection device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 shows a front view of a PCB according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a voltage protection device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a system based on a voltage protection device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 6A-6B show a schematic structural diagram of a protrusion according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first way is to provide a connection point for "grounding” on the casing of the network access device, and then directly connect a specific cable to the connection point, so as to realize "grounding” through a specific cable.
  • this method requires special connection points for "grounding" of the access network device, which increases the design cost of the access network device itself.
  • passing a specific cable will increase additional material costs, and because the setting of a specific cable will also limit the device to only be applicable to a specific usage scenario, there are higher requirements for the installation site.
  • the installers who need to access network devices have high installation and maintenance capabilities (replacing specific cables, regularly determining whether the "grounding" based on specific cables is normal), and regular maintenance is required after installation. the cost of.
  • the access network devices that are "grounded" through the first method generally have leaky grounding, and problems such as poor or ungrounded “grounding” due to improper maintenance after installation have brought immeasurable safety to personal and device safety hidden dangers, and even bring fire hazards to the building where the device is installed.
  • Method 2 connect to the network device and perform "floating" setting.
  • the "ground” in the floating ground is the equipotential point or plane of the circuit or system reference.
  • “Floating ground” means that the signal inside the device and the ground of the device are not connected to the ground.
  • an insulating film layer such as spraying an insulating layer on the housing of the device, setting an insulating film on the printed circuit board of the device, or on the components that need to be protected, and for To meet the protection requirements, it is necessary to ensure the compactness of the insulating film layer and the insulation performance of the insulating film layer itself, so as to meet the protection requirements of different protection specifications.
  • the present application provides a voltage protection device and a system based on the voltage protection device.
  • the voltage protection device realizes the setting of the protection ground, the antistatic ground and the shielding ground of the device, and can realize the floating installation of the printed circuit board.
  • its electrical safety distance is smaller, so that the distance between the printed circuit board and the metal shell is reduced, and the size of the printed circuit board can be larger under the same metal shell volume, or in The volume of the metal shell can be smaller under the same printed circuit board volume.
  • the voltage protection device has low cost, good protection performance, high reliability, low user requirements, easy installation and maintenance, and is suitable for different usage scenarios and different protection voltage level requirements.
  • the protective ground refers to the voltage protection device grounding the voltage protection device during normal use, and providing protection for the safety of users and other personnel in the event of voltage protection device leakage or lightning strikes.
  • Anti-static grounding means that the charge on the metal shell of the voltage protection device can be released in time to avoid adverse effects on the work of the voltage protection device due to the accumulation of charges on the metal shell.
  • the shielding ground means that under the action of the metal shell, the voltage protection device will not be affected by the external electromagnetic environment, so as to ensure that the voltage protection device can work stably.
  • the voltage protection device provided by the present application can be used as a network access device, and only need to configure the printed circuit board according to the needs of the network access, and can also be used as a device with other functions.
  • the protective device of the present application can be installed and fixed on the wall inside the building, installed and fixed on the outer wall of the building, or directly placed on the ground inside the building such as the machine room, power distribution room, weak current well, etc., or it can also be Place it on a flat surface such as a table.
  • FIGS. 1A , 1B, 2-5 of the present application are schematic structural diagrams of a voltage protection device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of circuit connection of a voltage protection device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 shows a front view of a PCB according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a voltage protection device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a system based on a voltage protection device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 the front view of the PCB shown in Figure 4 only shows the through hole P1 and the conductive layer D, and other components on the PCB are not shown, and Figure 4 corresponds to the dotted line box M in Figure 1A, Figure 1B, and Figure 5 The sectional view of the voltage protection device cut in the plane of .
  • the voltage protection device 10 includes: a metal shell 100 , a printed circuit board PCB, a first connector 200 , at least one varistor RV and a high voltage capacitor C.
  • the at least one varistor RV is connected in series between the signal reference ground GND of the printed circuit board PCB and the first connector 200, and the high voltage capacitor C is connected in series between the signal reference ground GND and the metal shell Between 100.
  • the first connector 200, the at least one varistor RV and the high-voltage capacitor C are fixed on the printed circuit board PCB, and the first connector 200 is the connection between the printed circuit board PCB and the external Components to which device 20 is connected.
  • a cavity Q for accommodating the printed circuit board PCB is formed inside the metal shell 100, the printed circuit board PCB is fixed in the cavity Q, and any position on the printed circuit board PCB is The distance between any positions on the inner surface of the metal shell 100 (L1, L2, L3, L4 shown in FIG. 4) is greater than or equal to the corresponding electrical safety distance.
  • At least one piezoresistor RV and high-voltage capacitor C arranged in the voltage protection device realize floating installation of the printed circuit board PCB.
  • "at least one varistor RV and high-voltage capacitor C” with different parameters can be set, so that the implementation of "floating installation of printed circuit board PCB" in this application is compared with
  • the method of "increasing the spacing between the printed circuit board, components, and the device housing in the device as the requirements for protection voltage continue to increase” ensures the distance between the printed circuit board PCB and the metal housing 100. The distance is smaller.
  • the printed circuit board PCB can be set according to the functional requirements of the voltage protection device, and corresponding components can be installed on the printed circuit board PCB according to the functional requirements of the voltage protection device to meet the functional requirements.
  • the voltage protection device may be a device installed on the wall of the corridor for accessing the network.
  • the voltage protection device can also be a switch or a server placed in the computer room.
  • the voltage protection device can also be a transformer or power distribution equipment installed in the power distribution room.
  • the voltage protection device can also be a weak electric box in the weak electric well room, etc.
  • the material of the metal shell may be conductive metal materials such as stainless steel and aluminum alloy.
  • the material of the metal shell can be set according to the usage scenarios and functions of the voltage protection device to meet different needs.
  • the first connector 200 may include at least one network port connector and/or at least one analog telephone service (Plain Old Telephone Service, POTS for short) connector.
  • the first connector 200 can be RJ45 (Registered Jack 45), RJ11, etc. In this way, it is guaranteed that the connectors that may be affected by the surge voltage are protected.
  • the at least one piezoresistor may be connected in series between the signal reference ground of the printed circuit board and one of the plurality of first connectors 200 .
  • a set of "at least one piezoresistor and a high-voltage capacitor" can be provided for at least two of the plurality of first connectors 200, and each first connector 200 is connected in series with at least one piezoresistor One end of each high voltage capacitor is respectively connected to at least one piezoresistor corresponding to each first connector 200 .
  • each first connector 200 is connected in series with corresponding at least one piezoresistor, At least one piezoresistor corresponding to each first connector 200 is connected to the same high voltage capacitor.
  • the voltage protection device 10 includes a first connectable 201 and a second connector 202 . Then the first way: you can set a corresponding "varistor and high-voltage capacitor" for any first connector, and the varistor is connected in series between the first connector 201 (or the second connector 202) and GND, and the high-voltage The capacitor is connected in series between GND and 100.
  • the second method you can set the corresponding "varistor and high-voltage capacitor” for each first connector, that is, “varistor and high-voltage capacitor” includes RV1 and C1, RV2 and C2, and RV1 is connected in series in the first connection Between device 201 and GND, C1 is connected in series between GND and 100. RV2 is connected in series between the first connector 202 and GND, and C2 is connected in series between GND and 100 .
  • the third way: a corresponding "varistor” can be set for each first connector, that is, the piezoresistor and high-voltage capacitor of the device include RV1, RV2 and C1. RV1 is connected in series between the first connector 201 and GND, RV2 is connected in series between the first connector 202 and GND, and C1 is connected in series between GND and 100 .
  • a power connector for example, a power connector, a power adapter, a USB connector, an optical fiber flange, an SMA interface, etc. can also be arranged on the printed circuit board PCB, so that the printed circuit board The board PCB can be connected with external devices through these connectors.
  • a power button may also be set on the printed circuit board PCB for turning on or off the power of the printed circuit board in response to the detected trigger operation.
  • a reset button may also be set on the printed circuit board PCB, for controlling the printed circuit board to reset in response to the detected trigger operation, and so on.
  • the equivalent clamping voltage V R of the at least one varistor RV is less than or equal to the first divided voltage V1 on the printed circuit board PCB, and the working voltage of the high-voltage capacitor C is V C is greater than or equal to the second divided voltage V2 between the signal reference ground GND and the metal casing 100 , and the capacitance of the high voltage capacitor is 1nF ⁇ 10nF.
  • the equivalent clamping voltage VR and the working voltage V C of the high-voltage capacitor C can be determined according to the following information: the protection voltage V 0 , the voltage protection voltage can be such as 2KV, 4KV, 6KV, etc.; based on the maximum voltage that the PCB can withstand determined by the components in the PCB, that is, the first divided voltage V1; based on the signal reference ground determined by the first connector, etc.
  • the number of varistors RV in the voltage protection device 10 may be one or more. If the number of varistors RV in the voltage protection device 10 is one, the equivalent clamping voltage V R of the at least one varistor RV can be the voltage value of a varistor selected (which can be clamped Voltage). If the number of varistors RV in the voltage protection device 10 is multiple, the multiple varistors RV are connected together in series and/or in parallel, and the multiple varistors after series and/or parallel connection The resistor RV is connected in series between the signal reference ground GND and the first connector 200 .
  • the equivalent clamping voltage V R of the at least one varistor RV can be determined according to the connection relationship among the multiple varistors RV and the voltage value (which can be a nominal voltage) of each varistor.
  • the equivalent voltage of the varistor In this way, the number of piezoresistors can be selected according to actual needs, and the connection mode among multiple piezoresistors can be set. For example, the cost of varistors with different clamping voltages and the requirements of equivalent clamping voltage can be considered comprehensively, the cost difference between one varistor and multiple varistors can be compared, and a varistor or multiple varistors with lower cost can be selected. Varistor.
  • the device further includes a fastener, and the material of the fastener is a conductive material, and the metal shell 100 is provided with a protrusion 101 located in the cavity Q, The fastener is used to fix the printed circuit board PCB on the protrusion 101 .
  • One end of the high-voltage capacitor C is connected to the signal reference ground GND, and the other end of the high-voltage capacitor C is arranged on the area where the printed circuit board PCB is in contact with the fastener, or on the side of the high-voltage capacitor C The other end is extended to the area where the printed circuit board PCB is in contact with the fastener through a wire, so that the other end of the high voltage capacitor C is indirectly connected to the metal casing 100 through the fastener.
  • the connection between the other end of the high-voltage capacitor C and the metal shell 100 can be realized by means of fasteners, and there is no need to separately set up "wires" to realize the connection between the other end of the high-voltage capacitor C and the metal shell 100.
  • the cost of the device simplifies the structural setting of the device, and the reliability of the fastener is higher than that of the "wire" provided separately, which can further improve the reliability of the device.
  • the fasteners may be various types of bolts, screws, rivets, etc., and may also be other components capable of fixing the PCB on the protruding portion 101 , which is not limited in the present application.
  • the protruding portion 101 can be integrally formed with the metal shell 100 , and the protruding portion 101 can also be fixed on the metal shell 100 by means of welding or fastener connection, which is not limited in this application.
  • FIG. 1B, FIG. 3, and FIG. The inner wall of the hole P1 is covered with a conductive layer D.
  • a screw hole (such as 1011 ) or a bottom hole is provided on the protrusion 101 , and the screw or the bolt 300 is screwed into the screw hole (such as 1011 ) or the bottom hole through the through hole P1 .
  • the other end of the high voltage capacitor C is connected to the conductive layer D directly or through the wire, so that the other end of the high voltage capacitor C is indirectly connected to the conductive layer D, the screw or bolt 300 Metal shell 100.
  • the fixing of the printed circuit board and the connection between the other end of the high-voltage capacitor and the metal shell are realized by means of screws or bolts.
  • the bolts or screws are more convenient for users to install and disassemble the printed circuit board.
  • the setting of "or screw” and "through hole with conductive layer on the printed circuit board” further simplifies the structural setting of the device, and since both can be processed and manufactured with the help of existing processing technology, the structure of the device can also be simplified manufacturing process.
  • the connecting wire 30 of the external device 20 of the printed circuit board PCB is connected to the first connector 200 through the connecting wire hole 102 .
  • the quantity and size of the connecting wire holes 102 can be set according to the number of external devices 20 that can be connected to the printed circuit board PCB and the size of the connecting wires 30 used by each external device 20, so as to ensure that the printed circuit board When all the external devices 20 that can be connected to the PCB are connected, the connection wire hole 102 provided on the metal shell 100 can accommodate the connection wires 30 of all the external devices 20 .
  • the connection wire hole 102 may be provided on one side (such as the bottom) of the metal housing 100 .
  • the connection wire hole 102 may be a rectangular hole as shown in FIG. 1A, FIG. 1B, FIG. 4, and FIG.
  • the port of the first connector 200 used to connect to the external device 20 can also be directly installed at the connecting wire hole 102, so that the external device 20 connected to the printed circuit board PCB
  • the connecting wire 30 is directly connected to the first connector 200 disposed at the connecting wire hole 102 in the form of plugging.
  • the electrical safety distance may be determined according to the protection requirements such as the protection voltage of the voltage protection device.
  • the electrical safety distance includes the distance between any position on the above-mentioned PCB and any position on the inner surface of the metal housing 100 (L1, L2, L3, L4 as shown in FIG. 4 ), and also includes the through hole P1 on the PCB.
  • the no-step area (as shown in Figure 3), the distance between the pins of the device mounted on the PCB, the distance between the antenna feeder on the PCB and the through hole P1, the pins of the device mounted on the PCB and the metal shell The distance between arbitrary positions on the PCB, the distance between GND on the PCB and the through hole P1, and so on.
  • the radius of the no-step area of the through hole P1 on the PCB can be 300mil to meet the protection requirements
  • the voltage protection device provided by this application the radius of the no-step area of the through hole P1 on the PCB
  • 140mil can meet the protection requirements (see the test results in the following examples to meet the protection requirements), which is far smaller than the design in the related art that the radius of the no-step area is 300mil to meet the same protection voltage requirements.
  • the metal housing 100 includes a body 100-1 and a cover 100-2.
  • the cover 100-2 when the cover 100-2 is in a closed state relative to the main body 100-1 (refer to the state shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 5 ), the cover 100-2 and the main body 100-1 are inside The airtight cavity Q is formed.
  • the cover 100-2 is in an open state relative to the body 100-1 (refer to the state shown in FIG. 1B, wherein the voltage protection device shown in FIG. 1B does not show the cover 100-2) , at least the first connector 200 is located in the operable space relative to the body 100-1, the operable space includes the outer space relative to the body 100-1 and/or the body 100-1 1 of the inner space Q-1 (refer to FIG. 4 ), so as to perform the connection between the external device 20 and the first connector 200 in the operable space.
  • the PCB includes a first surface S1 and a second surface S2 oppositely arranged, and devices such as a first connector on the PCB can be installed and fixed on the first surface S1 .
  • the cover 100-2 is in an open state relative to the body 100-1 (refer to the state shown in FIG. 1B )
  • the first side S1 of the PCB is in the operable space, so that the user can use and maintain the voltage protection device.
  • the cover 100-2 and the main body 100-1 are connected together through a hinge, so that the cover 100-2 and the main body 100-1 can rotate relatively, and the user can -2 operation, open or close the metal case 100.
  • the user can open or close the metal shell 100 by operating the cover 100-2 to maintain the voltage protection device 10 and perform operations such as connection with external equipment.
  • the cover 100-2 and the main body 100-1 can also be detachably connected together by fasteners, so that the user can open or close the The metal case 100 is closed.
  • the cover 100-2 and the main body 100-1 can also be fixedly connected together by clipping, so that the user can open or close the metal casing 100 by removing the cover 100-2.
  • Those skilled in the art can set the fixed connection mode between the cover body 100-2 and the main body 100-1 according to actual needs, which is not limited in this application.
  • the body 100 - 1 is provided with the connection wire hole 102 and/or the protrusion 101 .
  • the printed circuit board and other parts that the user can maintain and operate are located in the body, which is convenient for the user to use and maintain the voltage protection device.
  • the shape of the protruding portion 101 can be an "L" shape as shown in Figure 4, a "T” shape as shown in Figure 6A, a similar “C” shape as shown in Figure 6B, and the like.
  • the protruding part 101 provided on the metal shell 100 may be multiple as shown in FIG. 4 , or may be one (not shown in the figure).
  • the plurality of protrusions 101 can be fixedly connected together, which can improve the stability of the printed circuit board PCB after installation.
  • the present application also provides a system based on a voltage protection device, as shown in Figure 5, the system includes:
  • the external device 20 is connected to the printed circuit board PCB of the protection device through the first connector 200 of the voltage protection device 10 .
  • connection wire 30 of the external device 20 is connected to the first connector 200 through the connection wire hole 102 of the voltage protection device 10 .
  • Example 1 is described below as an exemplary example of the voltage protection device 10 provided in the present application, so as to facilitate a more intuitive understanding of the voltage protection device 10 provided in the present application.
  • the protection voltage V 0 is 6KV.
  • the network port transformer is installed and fixed on the printed circuit board PCB, and the maximum voltage that the network port transformer can withstand is 2.5KV.
  • the first connector installed and fixed on the printed circuit board PCB is a POTS connector, and the clamping voltage of the transient diode (Transient Voltage Suppressor, TVS for short) of the POTS connector itself is 145V.
  • the rising time t of the surge/lightning strike voltage is 10 ⁇ s, and the duration is 700 ⁇ s.
  • the first divided voltage V1 is 2.5KV.
  • three 620V/4500A varistors can be selected, and the three varistors are connected in series and then connected in series between the first connector 200 and the signal reference ground GND.
  • the charging current I of the high-voltage capacitor C is about 10mA
  • the varistor is clamped to 700V.
  • Three piezoresistors RV are connected in series to divide the voltage to 2.1KV.
  • the high-voltage capacitor C can choose a high-voltage capacitor with a model of 6000V/1nF.
  • the protection voltage is 6KV
  • set the electrical safety distance and complete the design of the voltage protection device.
  • design inspection it is determined that the designed voltage protection device fully meets the protection requirements.
  • the electrical safety distance is set to 140mil when the reference protection voltage is 4KV. Then carry out design inspection on the installed voltage protection device to judge whether each part of the voltage protection device meets the requirements of electrical safety distance, and obtain the inspection records as shown in Table 1. Referring to Table 1 below, it can be seen intuitively that even if the device provided by this application is set according to the electrical safety distance of 4KV, it can also meet the partial protection requirements of 6KV, that is, the voltage protection provided by this application The device is designed according to the low protection voltage, and the obtained voltage protection device can meet the requirements of higher protection voltage.
  • each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, a portion of a program segment, or an instruction that includes one or more Executable instructions.
  • the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or they may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.
  • each block in the block diagrams and/or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowcharts can be implemented with hardware (such as circuits or ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, application-specific integrated circuit)), or can be implemented with a combination of hardware and software, such as firmware.
  • hardware such as circuits or ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, application-specific integrated circuit)
  • firmware such as firmware

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种电压防护装置及系统。该电压防护装置包括：串联在印制电路板的信号参考地与第一连接器之间的至少一个压敏电阻，串联在信号参考地与金属壳体之间的高压电容；第一连接器、至少一个压敏电阻和高压电容固定在印制电路板上，第一连接器为印制电路板与外部设备连接的部件；内部形成有用于容纳印制电路板的腔体的金属壳体，且印制电路板上任意位置与金属壳体内表面的任意位置之间的距离大于或等于电气安全距离。该电压防护装置实现了印制电路板的浮地安装，且在同等防护电压要求下其电气安全距离更小，使得印制电路板与金属壳体之间的距离减小，装置成本低、防护性能好、可靠性高，适用不同使用场景以及适用不同的防护电压要求。

Description

电压防护装置及系统
本申请要求于2021年5月11日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202110510999.4、申请名称为“电压防护装置及系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及装置防护技术领域，尤其涉及一种防护装置以及基于防护装置的系统。
背景技术
各类装置在使用过程中，通常需要进行“接地”设置，“接地”设置可以为装置提供统一的信号参考，也能防止人体因误触带电装置而受到伤害，且还能保护装置避免因受到雷击而损坏。接入网络装置可以安装固定在建筑内部的墙体上、安装固定在建筑外墙上、或者直接摆放在建筑内部如机房、配电房、弱电井等处的地面上等，其应用于不同的使用场景可以安装在不同的位置。相关技术中接入网络装置的“接地”可以通过特定线缆接地、或“浮地”等方式实现，但因使用场景等的限制，存在成本高、不易维护、安全隐患大的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，提出了一种电压防护装置以及基于电压防护装置的系统。
第一方面，本申请的实施例提供了一种电压防护装置，所述装置包括：金属壳体、印制电路板、第一连接器、至少一个压敏电阻和高压电容，
所述至少一个压敏电阻串联在所述印制电路板的信号参考地与第一连接器之间，所述高压电容串联在所述信号参考地与所述金属壳体之间；
所述第一连接器、所述至少一个压敏电阻和所述高压电容固定在所述印制电路板上，所述第一连接器为所述印制电路板与外部设备连接的部件；
所述金属壳体内部形成有用于容纳所述印制电路板的腔体，所述印制电路板固定在所述腔体中，且所述印制电路板上任意位置与所述金属壳体内表面的任意位置之间的距离大于或等于电气安全距离。
第一方面所提供的电压防护装置实现了装置的保护地、防静电接地、屏蔽地的设置，能够实现印制电路板的浮地安装。且在同等防护电压要求下其电气安全距离更小，使得印制电路板与金属壳体之间的距离减小，进而在同样金属壳体体积下印制电路板的尺寸可以更大，或者在同样印制电路板体积下金属壳体的体积可以更小。同时，电压防护装置的成本低、防护性能好、可靠性高，对应用户的要求低便于安装维护，适用不同使用场景以及适用不同的防护电压等级要求。
根据第一方面，在所述装置的第一种可能的实现方式中，若所述压敏电阻为多个，多个压敏电阻之间通过串联和/或并联的方式连接在一起，串联和/或并联后的多个压敏电阻串联在所述信号参考地与第一连接器之间。这样，可以根据实际需要选择压敏电阻的数量，以及对多个压敏电阻的之间的连接方式进行设置。
根据第一方面，在所述装置的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述至少一个压敏电阻的等效钳压小于或等于所述印制电路板上的第一分压，所述高压电容的工作电压大于或等于所述信 号参考地与所述金属壳体之间的第二分压，且所述高压电容的电容量为1nF～10nF。以保证电压防护装置满足相应的防护要求。
根据第一方面，在所述装置的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述装置还包括紧固件，所述紧固件的材料为导电材料，
所述金属壳体上设置有位于所述腔体中的突出部，所述紧固件用于将所述印制电路板固定在所述突出部上；
所述高压电容的一端连接到所述信号参考地，所述高压电容的另一端设置于所述印制电路板与所述紧固件接触的区域、或所述高压电容的另一端通过导线延伸至所述印制电路板与所述紧固件接触的区域，以使所述高压电容的另一端通过所述紧固件间接连接到所述金属壳体。
通过第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式，可以借助紧固件实现高压电容的另一端与金属壳体之间的连接，无需单独设置实现高压电容的另一端与金属壳体之间的连接的“导线”，降低了装置的成本，简化了装置的结构设置，且紧固件相比于单独设置的“导线”的可靠性更高，可以进一步提高装置的可靠性。
根据第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在所述装置的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述紧固件包括螺钉或螺栓，所述印制电路板上设置有通孔，所述通孔的内壁覆盖有导电层，所述突出部上设置有螺孔或底孔，所述螺钉或所述螺栓穿过所述通孔旋入所述螺孔或所述底孔；所述高压电容的另一端直接或通过所述导线连接到所述导电层，以使所述高压电容的另一端通过所述导电层、所述紧固件间接连接到所述金属壳体。这样，借助螺钉或螺栓实现印制电路板固定和高压电容的另一端与金属壳体之间的连接，一方面螺栓或螺钉更便于用户进行印制电路板的安装和拆卸，另一方面“螺栓或螺钉”与“印制电路板上设置的有导电层的通孔”的设置更进一步简化了装置的结构设置，且由于二者均可以借助已有加工工艺进行加工制造，也能够简化装置的制造工艺。
根据第一方面，在所述装置的第五种可能的实现方式中，所述第一连接器包括至少一个网口连接器和/或至少一个模拟电话业务连接器。这样，可以保证可能受浪涌电压影响的连接器均可以得到保护。
根据第一方面，在所述装置的第六种可能的实现方式中，所述金属壳体上设置有连通至所述腔体的连接线孔，以使连接到所述印制电路板的外部设备的连接线穿过所述连接线孔连接到所述第一连接器。
根据第一方面、或第一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式，在所述装置的第七种可能的实现方式中，所述金属壳体包括本体和盖体，
其中，所述盖体相对于所述本体处于关闭状态时，所述盖体与所述本体在内部形成密闭的所述腔体；
所述盖体相对于所述本体处于打开状态时，至少所述第一连接器位于相对于所述本体的可操作空间中，所述可操作空间包括相对于所述本体的外部空间和/或所述本体的内部空间，以便于在所述可操作空间中进行所述外部设备与所述第一连接器之间的连接。
通过第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式，通过将金属壳体设置为盖体和本体两部分，用户可以通过对盖体操作打开或关闭金属壳体，以进行对电压防护装置进行维护、进行与外部设备的连接等操作。
根据第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式，在所述装置的第八种可能的实现方式中，所述本体设置有所述连接线孔和/或所述突出部。这样，在用户打开金属壳体后，印制电路板等用 户可以维护操作的部分均处于本体中，可以便于用户使用、维护电压防护装置。
第二方面，本申请的实施例提供了一种基于电压防护装置的系统，包括：
第一方面、或第一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式的电压防护装置；
外部设备，所述外部设备通过所述电压防护装置的第一连接器连接到所述电压防护装置的印制电路板。
根据第二方面，在所述系统的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述外部设备的连接线穿过所述电压防护装置的连接线孔连接到所述第一连接器。
本申请的这些和其他方面在以下(多个)实施例的描述中会更加简明易懂。
附图说明
包含在说明书中并且构成说明书的一部分的附图与说明书一起示出了本申请的示例性实施例、特征和方面，并且用于解释本申请的原理。
图1A、图1B示出根据本申请一实施例的电压防护装置的结构示意图。
图2示出根据本申请一实施例的电压防护装置的电路连接示意图。
图3示出根据本申请一实施例的PCB的主视图。
图4示出根据本申请一实施例的电压防护装置的剖面图。
图5示出根据本申请一实施例的基于电压防护装置的系统的结构示意图。
图6A-图6B示出根据本申请一实施例的突出部的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将参考附图详细说明本申请的各种示例性实施例、特征和方面。附图中相同的附图标记表示功能相同或相似的元件。尽管在附图中示出了实施例的各种方面，但是除非特别指出，不必按比例绘制附图。
在这里专用的词“示例性”意为“用作例子、实施例或说明性”。这里作为“示例性”所说明的任何实施例不必解释为优于或好于其它实施例。
另外，为了更好的说明本申请，在下文的具体实施方式中给出了众多的具体细节。本领域技术人员应当理解，没有某些具体细节，本申请同样可以实施。在一些实例中，对于本领域技术人员熟知的方法、手段、元件和电路未作详细描述，以便于凸显本申请的主旨。
相关技术中的接入网络装置存在两类“接地”实现方式：
方式一，通过在接入网络装置的壳体上设置有用于“接地”的连接点，而后直接在连接点上连接特定线缆，以通过特定线缆实现“接地”。但这种方式一是需要接入网络装置特殊设置“接地”使用的连接点，增加接入网络装置本身的设计成本。二是，通过特定线缆会增加额外的物料成本，且由于特定线缆的设置也会限制装置仅适用于特定使用场景，对安装场所有较高要求。三是，需要接入网络装置的安装人员具备较高的安装以及维修(替换特定线缆、定期确定基于特定线缆的“接地”是否正常)能力，且安装后还需要定期维护等增加了安装的成本。而以上三种原因，使得通过方式一实现“接地”的接入网络装置广泛存在漏接地，安装后因维护不当“接地”不良或不接地等问题，为人身、装置的安全均带来难以估量的隐患，甚至于对安装该装置的建筑也会带来火灾隐患。
方式二，接入网络装置进行“浮地”设置。其中，浮地(floating ground)中“地”是电路或系统基准的等电位点或平面。“浮地”是指装置内部的信号和装置地不接大地。为实现“浮地”，会通过增加绝缘膜层的方式来实现，如在装置的壳体上喷涂绝缘层，在装置的印制电路板、或者 需要保护的元器件上设置绝缘膜，且为满足防护需求需要保证绝缘膜层的致密性与绝缘膜层本身的绝缘性能，才能满足不同防护规格的防护需求。这样会增加装置的成本，且在防护需求较高时成本会极大的增加，同时绝缘膜层易受外力损伤，对装置的安装场所要求较高，无法满足装置不同使用场景的需求。或者为实现“浮地”，随防护电压的要求不断提高而增加装置的中印制电路板、元器件、装置壳体之间的间距等等。但增加间距的方式会导致装置中印制电路板的禁布区(keep-out area)的范围扩大，这是因为由于安装结构件或特定元器件、固定印制电路板本身、印制电路板插拔操作和安装环境对印制电路板的限制等各种要求，需要对印制电路板的表面或内部的布线和元器件布置进行区域限定，设置禁止布线的区域形成禁布区。然而印制电路板、装置的尺寸是有限的，当防护要求高时，增加间距的方式会超过装置和/或产品的尺寸限制，无法实现。
可见，相关技术中接入网络装置的“接地”实现方式均存在问题，为解决上述技术问题本申请提供一种电压防护装置、基于电压防护装置的系统。该电压防护装置实现了装置的保护地、防静电接地、屏蔽地的设置，能够实现印制电路板的浮地安装。且在同等防护电压要求下其电气安全距离更小，使得印制电路板与金属壳体之间的距离减小，进而在同样金属壳体体积下印制电路板的尺寸可以更大，或者在同样印制电路板体积下金属壳体的体积可以更小。同时，电压防护装置的成本低、防护性能好、可靠性高，对应用户的要求低便于安装维护，适用不同使用场景以及适用不同的防护电压等级要求。其中，保护地是指电压防护装置在正常使用时，将电压防护装置接地，在电压防护装置漏电、遭受雷击等情况下为用户等人员的安全提供保障。防静电接地是指可以使电压防护装置的金属壳体上的电荷能够被及时释放，以避免金属壳体的因电荷积累而对电压防护装置的工作带来不利影响。屏蔽地是指可以是电压防护装置在金属壳体的作用下，不会受外界电磁环境的影响，保证电压防护装置可以稳定工作。
其中，本申请所提供的电压防护装置可以用作接入网络装置，则只需根据接入网络的需要对印制电路板进行设置，还可以用作其他功能的装置。并且，本申请的防护装置可以安装固定于建筑内部的墙体上、安装固定在建筑外墙上、或者直接摆放在建筑内部如机房、配电房、弱电井等处的地面，或者也可以摆放在桌面等平面之上。
为描述本申请所提供的电压防护装置、基于电压防护装置的系统，以下结合本申请图1A、图1B、图2-图5示出的示例性示例进行描述。图1A、图1B示出根据本申请一实施例的电压防护装置的结构示意图。图2示出根据本申请一实施例的电压防护装置的电路连接示意图。图3示出根据本申请一实施例的PCB的主视图。图4示出根据本申请一实施例的电压防护装置的剖面图。图5示出根据本申请一实施例的基于电压防护装置的系统的结构示意图。其中，图4所示的PCB的主视图仅示出了通孔P1和导电层D，PCB上的其他部件未示出，图4是沿图1A、图1B、图5中虚线框M所对应的平面对电压防护装置进行剖切的剖面图。
如图1A、图1B、图2-图5所示。该电压防护装置10包括：金属壳体100、印制电路板PCB、第一连接器200、至少一个压敏电阻RV和高压电容C。所述至少一个压敏电阻RV串联在所述印制电路板PCB的信号参考地GND与第一连接器200之间，所述高压电容C串联在所述信号参考地GND与所述金属壳体100之间。所述第一连接器200、所述至少一个压敏电阻RV和所述高压电容C固定在所述印制电路板PCB上，所述第一连接器200为所述印制电路板PCB与外部设备20连接的部件。金属壳体100内部形成有用于容纳所述印制电路板PCB的腔体Q，所述印制电路板PCB固定在所述腔体Q中，且所述印制电路板PCB上任意位置与所述金属壳体100内表面的任意位置之间的距离(如图4所示的L1、L2、L3、L4)大 于或等于对应的电气安全距离。
其中，电压防护装置中设置的至少一个压敏电阻RV和高压电容C实现了印制电路板PCB的浮地安装。而由于电压防护装置不同的防护电压要求下，可以设置不同参数的“至少一个压敏电阻RV和高压电容C”，使得本申请中“印制电路板PCB的浮地安装”的实现方式相比于相关技术中“随防护电压的要求不断提高而增加装置的中印制电路板、元器件、装置壳体之间的间距”的方式，保证印制电路板PCB与金属壳体100之间的距离更小。
其中，印制电路板PCB可以根据电压防护装置的功能需要进行设置，并且可以根据电压防护装置的功能需要在印制电路板PCB上安装对应的元器件，以满足功能需要。例如，电压防护装置可以是安装于楼道墙壁上用于接入网络的装置。电压防护装置还可以是放在机房中的交换机、服务器。电压防护装置也可以是设置于配电室中的变压器、配电设备。电压防护装置亦可以是弱电井室中的弱电箱，等等。
其中，金属壳体的材料可以是不锈钢、铝合金等能够导电的金属材料。可以根据电压防护装置的使用场景、功能等对金属壳体的材料进行设置，以满足不同的需求。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一连接器200可以包括至少一个网口连接器和/或至少一个模拟电话业务(Plain Old Telephone Service，简称POTS)连接器。例如，第一连接器200可以为RJ45(Registered Jack 45)、RJ11等。这样，可以保证可能受浪涌电压影响的连接器均可以得到保护。
其中，在第一连接器200的数量大于1时，可以将所述至少一个压敏电阻串联在所述印制电路板的信号参考地与多个第一连接器200中的一个之间。或者，也可以为分别为多个第一连接器200中至少两个分别设置对应的一组“至少一个压敏电阻和高压电容”，每一个第一连接器200分别串联对应的至少一个压敏电阻，各高压电容的一端分别连接到每一个第一连接器200对应的至少一个压敏电阻。再或者，也可以为分别为多个第一连接器200中至少两个分别设置对应的一组“至少一个压敏电阻”，每一个第一连接器200分别串联对应的至少一个压敏电阻，每一个第一连接器200对应的至少一个压敏电阻均连接到相同的高压电容。例如，假定电压防护装置10包括第一可连接201、第二连接器202。则第一种方式：可以为任意一个第一连接器设置对应的“压敏电阻和高压电容”，压敏电阻串联在第一连接器201(或第二连接器202)与GND之间、高压电容串联在GND与100之间。第二种方式：可以为每一个第一连接器设置对应的“压敏电阻和高压电容”，也即“压敏电阻和高压电容”包括RV1和C1、RV2和C2，RV1串联在第一连接器201与GND之间、C1串联在GND与100之间。RV2串联在第一连接器202与GND之间、C2串联在GND与100之间。第三种方式：可以为每一个第一连接器设置对应的“压敏电阻”，也即装置的压敏电阻和高压电容包括RV1、RV2和C1。RV1串联在第一连接器201与GND之间、RV2串联在第一连接器202与GND之间，C1串联在GND与100之间。
其中，印制电路板PCB上还可以设置有其他部件，例如，印制电路板PCB上还可以设置电源连接器、电源适配器、USB连接器、光纤法兰、SMA接口等，以使得印制电路板PCB可以通过这些了连接器与外部设备连接。印制电路板PCB上还可以设置电源按键，用于响应于检测到的触发操作开启或关闭所述印制电路板的电源。印制电路板PCB上还可以设置复位按键，用于响应于检测到的触发操作控制所述印制电路板进行复位，等等。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述至少一个压敏电阻RV的等效钳压V R小于或等于所述印制电路板PCB上的第一分压V1，所述高压电容C的工作电压V C大于或等于所述信号参考地GND与所述金属壳体100之间的第二分压V2，且所述高压电容的电容量为1nF～10nF。
其中，等效钳压V R和高压电容C的工作电压V C可以根据如下信息确定：基于电压防护装置10可能出现的如浪涌电压、雷击电压等确定的电压防护装置10的防护电压V 0，电压防护电压可以是如2KV、4KV、6KV等；基于PCB中各元器件等确定的PCB所能承受的最大电压，也即第一分压V1；基于第一连接器等确定的信号参考地GND与所述金属壳体100之间所需承受的最小电压，也即第二分压V2。则，V R≤V1、V C≥V2，且V R+V C＝V 0。
其中，电压防护装置10中的压敏电阻RV的个数可以是一个或多个。若所述电压防护装置10中压敏电阻RV的个数是一个，则所述至少一个压敏电阻RV的等效钳压V R可以为选择出一个压敏电阻的电压值(可以为钳位电压)。若所述电压防护装置10中压敏电阻RV的个数是多个，多个压敏电阻RV之间通过串联和/或并联的方式连接在一起，串联和/或并联后的多个压敏电阻RV串联在所述信号参考地GND与第一连接器200之间。则所述至少一个压敏电阻RV的等效钳压V R可以为根据多个压敏电阻RV之间的连接关系以及各压敏电阻的电压值(可以为标称电压)确定出的多个压敏电阻的等效电压。这样，可以根据实际需要选择压敏电阻的数量，以及对多个压敏电阻的之间的连接方式进行设置。例如，可以综合考虑不同钳位电压的压敏电阻的成本以及等效钳压的要求，比较一个压敏电阻和多个压敏电阻的成本差异，选择成本较低的一个压敏电阻或多个压敏电阻。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述装置还包括紧固件，所述紧固件的材料为导电材料，所述金属壳体100上设置有位于所述腔体Q中的突出部101，所述紧固件用于将所述印制电路板PCB固定在所述突出部101上。所述高压电容C的一端连接到所述信号参考地GND，所述高压电容C的另一端设置于所述印制电路板PCB与所述紧固件接触的区域、或所述高压电容C的另一端通过导线延伸至所述印制电路板PCB与所述紧固件接触的区域，以使所述高压电容C的另一端通过所述紧固件间接连接到所述金属壳体100。这样就可以借助紧固件实现高压电容C的另一端与金属壳体100之间的连接，无需单独设置实现高压电容C的另一端与金属壳体100之间的连接的“导线”，降低了装置的成本，简化了装置的结构设置，且紧固件相比于单独设置的“导线”的可靠性更高，可以进一步提高装置的可靠性。
其中，紧固件可以是各类型的螺栓、螺钉、铆钉等，还可以是其他能够将PCB固定在突出部101上的部件，本申请对此不作限制。突出部101可以与金属壳体100为一体成型的结构，突出部101也可以是通过焊接、紧固件连接等方式固定在金属壳体100上，本申请对此不作限制。
在一种可能的实现方式中，如图1B、图3、图4所示，所述紧固件可以包括螺钉或螺栓300，所述印制电路板PCB上设置有通孔P1，所述通孔P1的内壁覆盖有导电层D。所述突出部101上设置有螺孔(如1011)或底孔，所述螺钉或所述螺栓300穿过所述通孔P1旋入所述螺孔(如1011)或所述底孔。所述高压电容C的另一端直接或通过所述导线连接到所述导电层D，以使所述高压电容C的另一端通过所述导电层D、所述螺钉或螺栓300间接连接到所述金属壳体100。这样，借助螺钉或螺栓实现印制电路板固定和高压电容的另一端与金属壳体之间的连接，一方面螺栓或螺钉更便于用户进行印制电路板的安装和拆卸，另一方面“螺栓或螺钉”与“印制电路板上设置的有导电层的通孔”的设置更进一步简化了装置的结构设置，且由于二者均可以借助已有加工工艺进行加工制造，也能够简化装置的制造工艺。
在一种可能的实现方式中，如图1A、图1B、图4、图5所示，所述金属壳体100上设置有连通至所述腔体Q的连接线孔102，以使连接到所述印制电路板PCB的外部设备20的连接线30穿过所述连接线孔102连接到所述第一连接器200。可以根据所述印制电路板PCB所能连接的外部设备20的数量、各外部设备20所使用的连接线30的尺寸，对连接线孔102的 数量和尺寸进行设置，以保证印制电路板PCB连接有其所能连接的所有外部设备20时，金属壳体100上设置的连接线孔102能够容纳所有外部设备20的连接线30。连接线孔102可以设置在金属壳体100的一个侧面(如底面)。连接线孔102可以为如图1A、图1B、图4、图5所示的矩形孔，还可以是圆形、椭圆形等其他形状的孔，本申请对此不作限制。
在一种可能的实现方式中，还可以将第一连接器200用于连接外部设备20的端口直接安装在连接线孔102处，以使得接到所述印制电路板PCB的外部设备20的连接线30通过接插的形式直接连接到设置在连接线孔102处的第一连接器200。
在本申请中，电气安全距离可以是根据电压防护装置的防护电压等防护要求确定的。电气安全距离包括除包括上述PCB上任意位置与所述金属壳体100内表面的任意位置之间的距离(如图4所示的L1、L2、L3、L4)，还包括PCB上通孔P1的禁步区域(如图3所示)、PCB上安装的器件的引脚之间的距离、PCB上天线馈线与通孔P1之间的距离、PCB上安装的器件的引脚与金属壳体上任意位置之间的距离、PCB上的GND与通孔P1之间的距离等等。相关技术中若防护电压为6KV，PCB上通孔P1的禁步区域的半径可以为300mil才可以满足防护要求，而本申请所提供的电压防护装置，PCB上通孔P1的禁步区域的半径为如140mil即可满足防护要求(满足防护要求参见下述示例中的检测结果)，远小于相关技术中禁步区域的半径为300mil才能满足同等防护电压要求的设计。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述金属壳体100包括本体100-1和盖体100-2。其中，所述盖体100-2相对于所述本体100-1处于关闭状态(参照图1A、图5所示的状态)时，所述盖体100-2与所述本体100-1在内部形成密闭的所述腔体Q。所述盖体100-2相对于所述本体100-1处于打开状态(参照如图1B所示的状态，其中，图1B中所示出的电压防护装置并未示出盖体100-2)时，至少所述第一连接器200位于相对于所述本体100-1的可操作空间中，所述可操作空间包括相对于所述本体100-1的外部空间和/或所述本体100-1的内部空间Q-1(参照图4)，以便于在所述可操作空间中进行所述外部设备20与所述第一连接器200之间的连接。
如图4所示，PCB包括相对设置的第一面S1和第二面S2，PCB上的第一连接器等器件可以安装固定在第一面S1上。所述盖体100-2相对于所述本体100-1处于打开状态(参照如图1B所示的状态)时，PCB的第一面S1处于可操作空间中，以便于用户使用、维护电压防护装置。
在一种可能的实现方式中，盖体100-2与本体100-1通过铰链连接在一起，以使得盖体100-2与本体100-1之间可以相对转动，用户可以通过对盖体100-2操作，打开或关闭金属壳体100。通过将金属壳体设置为盖体和本体两部分，用户可以通过对盖体100-2操作，打开或关闭金属壳体100，以对电压防护装置10进行维护、进行与外部设备的连接等操作。或者，盖体100-2与本体100-1还可以通过紧固件可拆卸地固定连接在一起，以使用户可以通过拆卸固定盖体100-2与本体100-1的紧固件，打开或关闭金属壳体100。再或者，盖体100-2与本体100-1还可以通过卡接的方式固定连接在一起，以使用户可以通过拆卸盖体100-2，打开或关闭金属壳体100。本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要对盖体100-2与本体100-1之间的固定连接方式进行设置，本申请对此不作限制。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述本体100-1设置有所述连接线孔102和/或所述突出部101。这样，在用户打开金属壳体后，印制电路板等用户可以维护操作的部分均处于本体中，可以便于用户使用、维护电压防护装置。
图6A-图6B示出根据本申请一实施例的突出部的结构示意图。突出部101的形状可以为 如图4所示的“L”型，还可以是如图6A所示的“T”型、如图6B所示的类似“C”的形状，等等。本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要对突出部101的形状进行设置，本申请对此不作限制。并且，金属壳体100上所设置的突出部101可以是如图4所示的多个，也可以是一个(图中未示出)。且在突出部101为多个时，多个突出部101之间可以是固定连接在一起的，这样可以提高印制电路板PCB安装后的稳定性。
本申请还提供一种基于电压防护装置的系统，如图5所示，该系统包括：
上述电压防护装置10；
外部设备20，所述外部设备20通过所述电压防护装置10的第一连接器200连接到所述防护装置的印制电路板PCB。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述外部设备20的连接线30穿过所述电压防护装置10的连接线孔102连接到所述第一连接器200。
下面通过示例1作为本申请所提供的电压防护装置10的一个示例性示例进行描述，以便于更直观的理解本申请所提供的电压防护装置10。
示例1：
假定某一个需要制造的电压防护装置10的基本信息包括：
防护电压V 0为6KV。
印制电路板PCB上安装固定有网口变压器，网口变压器所能承受的最大电压为2.5KV。
印制电路板PCB上安装固定的第一连接器为POTS连接器，POTS连接器自身的瞬态二极管(Transient Voltage Suppressor，简称TVS)的钳位电压为145V。
浪涌/雷击电压的上升时间t为10μs，持续时间是700μs。
则基于基本信息可以确定出第一分压V1为2.5KV。第二分压V2为3.855KV(V2＝4KV-145V)。而由于V 0＝6KV，则可以可以设置V R＝2KV、V C＝4KV。V R+V C＝2KV+4KV＝V 0＝6KV。进而可以选择620V/4500A型的压敏电阻三个，三个压敏电阻串联后再串联到第一连接器200和信号参考地GND之间。而由于浪涌/雷击电压，高压电容C的充电电流I约为10mA
Figure PCTCN2022092881-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022092881-appb-000002
压敏电阻钳压到700V。3个压敏电阻RV串联分压2.1KV。高压电容C可以选择型号为6000V/1nF的高压电容。
而后参照防护电压为6KV的情况下，设置电气安全距离，完成电压防护装置的设计。并且，经过设计检查确定所设计的电压防护装置完全满足防护要求。
另外，为检验本申请所提供电压防护装置的性能，在完成压敏电阻和高压电压的设置选择后，参照防护电压为4KV的情况下，设置电气安全距离为140mil。而后对设置后的电压防护装置进行设计检查，判断电压防护装置的各部分是否满足电气安全距离要求，得到检查记录如下表1。参照下表1可以直观的看出本申请所提供的装置即便按照防护电压为4KV的电气安全距离进行设置，其也可以满足防护电压为6KV的部分防护要求，也即本申请所提供的电压防护装置按照低的防护电压进行设计，所得到的电压防护装置可以满足更高的防护电压的要求。
表1电压防护装置设计检查记录
Figure PCTCN2022092881-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2022092881-appb-000004
附图中的流程图和框图显示了根据本申请的多个实施例的装置、系统、方法和计算机程序产品的可能实现的体系架构、功能和操作。在这点上，流程图或框图中的每个方框可以代表一个模块、程序段或指令的一部分，所述模块、程序段或指令的一部分包含一个或多个用于实现规定的逻辑功能的可执行指令。在有些作为替换的实现中，方框中所标注的功能也可以以不同于附图中所标注的顺序发生。例如，两个连续的方框实际上可以基本并行地执行，它们有时也可以按相反的顺序执行，这依所涉及的功能而定。
也要注意的是，框图和/或流程图中的每个方框、以及框图和/或流程图中的方框的组合，可以用执行相应的功能或动作的硬件(例如电路或ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，专用集成电路))来实现，或者可以用硬件和软件的组合，如固件等来实现。
尽管在此结合各实施例对本发明进行了描述，然而，在实施所要求保护的本发明过程中，本领域技术人员通过查看所述附图、公开内容、以及所附权利要求书，可理解并实现所述公开实施例的其它变化。在权利要求中，“包括”(comprising)一词不排除其他组成部分或步骤，“一”或“一个”不排除多个的情况。单个处理器或其它单元可以实现权利要求中列举的若干项功能。相互不同的从属权利要求中记载了某些措施，但这并不表示这些措施不能组合起来产生良好的效果。
以上已经描述了本申请的各实施例，上述说明是示例性的，并非穷尽性的，并且也不限于所披露的各实施例。在不偏离所说明的各实施例的范围的情况下，对于本技术领域的普通 技术人员来说许多修改和变更都是显而易见的。本文中所用术语的选择，旨在最好地解释各实施例的原理、实际应用或对市场中的技术的改进，或者使本技术领域的其它普通技术人员能理解本文披露的各实施例。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电压防护装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：金属壳体、印制电路板、第一连接器、至少一个压敏电阻和高压电容，
    所述至少一个压敏电阻串联在所述印制电路板的信号参考地与第一连接器之间，所述高压电容串联在所述信号参考地与所述金属壳体之间；
    所述第一连接器、所述至少一个压敏电阻和所述高压电容固定在所述印制电路板上，所述第一连接器为所述印制电路板与外部设备连接的部件；
    所述金属壳体内部形成有用于容纳所述印制电路板的腔体，所述印制电路板固定在所述腔体中，且所述印制电路板上任意位置与所述金属壳体内表面的任意位置之间的距离大于或等于电气安全距离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，若所述压敏电阻为多个，多个压敏电阻之间通过串联和/或并联的方式连接在一起，串联和/或并联后的多个压敏电阻串联在所述信号参考地与第一连接器之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个压敏电阻的等效钳压小于或等于所述印制电路板上的第一分压，所述高压电容的工作电压大于或等于所述信号参考地与所述金属壳体之间的第二分压，且所述高压电容的电容量为1nF～10nF。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括紧固件，所述紧固件的材料为导电材料，
    所述金属壳体上设置有位于所述腔体中的突出部，所述紧固件用于将所述印制电路板固定在所述突出部上；
    所述高压电容的一端连接到所述信号参考地，所述高压电容的另一端设置于所述印制电路板与所述紧固件接触的区域、或所述高压电容的另一端通过导线延伸至所述印制电路板与所述紧固件接触的区域，以使所述高压电容的另一端通过所述紧固件间接连接到所述金属壳体。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的装置，其特征在于，所述紧固件包括螺钉或螺栓，所述印制电路板上设置有通孔，所述通孔的内壁覆盖有导电层，
    所述突出部上设置有螺孔或底孔，所述螺钉或所述螺栓穿过所述通孔旋入所述螺孔或所述底孔；
    所述高压电容的另一端直接或通过所述导线连接到所述导电层，以使所述高压电容的另一端通过所述导电层、所述紧固件间接连接到所述金属壳体。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一连接器包括至少一个网口连接器和/或至少一个模拟电话业务连接器。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述金属壳体上设置有连通至所述腔体的连接线孔，以使连接到所述印制电路板的外部设备的连接线穿过所述连接线孔连接到所述第一连接器。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述金属壳体包括本体和盖体，
    其中，所述盖体相对于所述本体处于关闭状态时，所述盖体与所述本体在内部形成密闭的所述腔体；
    所述盖体相对于所述本体处于打开状态时，至少所述第一连接器位于相对于所述本体的 可操作空间中，所述可操作空间包括相对于所述本体的外部空间和/或所述本体的内部空间，以便于在所述可操作空间中进行所述外部设备与所述第一连接器之间的连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述本体设置有所述连接线孔和/或所述突出部。
  10. 一种基于电压防护装置的系统，其特征在于，包括：
    权利要求1-9任意一项所述的电压防护装置；
    外部设备，所述外部设备通过所述电压防护装置的第一连接器连接到所述防护装置的印制电路板。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，所述外部设备的连接线穿过所述电压防护装置的连接线孔连接到所述第一连接器。
PCT/CN2022/092881 2021-05-11 2022-05-13 电压防护装置及系统 WO2022237905A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR112023023491A BR112023023491A2 (pt) 2021-05-11 2022-05-13 Aparelho e sistema de proteção de tensão
EP22806867.2A EP4322356A4 (en) 2021-05-11 2022-05-13 SURGE PROTECTION DEVICE AND SYSTEM

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110510999.4 2021-05-11
CN202110510999.4A CN115333066A (zh) 2021-05-11 2021-05-11 电压防护装置及系统

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022237905A1 true WO2022237905A1 (zh) 2022-11-17

Family

ID=83913067

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2022/092881 WO2022237905A1 (zh) 2021-05-11 2022-05-13 电压防护装置及系统

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4322356A4 (zh)
CN (1) CN115333066A (zh)
BR (1) BR112023023491A2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2022237905A1 (zh)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030068926A1 (en) * 2001-10-09 2003-04-10 Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation Connector assembly with metal oxide varistor
CN201663238U (zh) * 2009-05-04 2010-12-01 河北威奥电子科技有限公司 一种防雷型gnss有源天线
CN102735362A (zh) * 2012-06-20 2012-10-17 北京遥测技术研究所 一种航天用可编程热电偶温度变送器
CN106922080A (zh) * 2017-03-06 2017-07-04 上海乾视通信技术有限公司 本安射频信号隔离pcb板和其应用设备
CN110739673A (zh) * 2018-07-20 2020-01-31 硕天科技股份有限公司 突波保护装置
CN112351579A (zh) * 2020-11-02 2021-02-09 安徽研实科技有限公司 一种pcb电路和地面的连接方法

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030068926A1 (en) * 2001-10-09 2003-04-10 Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation Connector assembly with metal oxide varistor
CN201663238U (zh) * 2009-05-04 2010-12-01 河北威奥电子科技有限公司 一种防雷型gnss有源天线
CN102735362A (zh) * 2012-06-20 2012-10-17 北京遥测技术研究所 一种航天用可编程热电偶温度变送器
CN106922080A (zh) * 2017-03-06 2017-07-04 上海乾视通信技术有限公司 本安射频信号隔离pcb板和其应用设备
CN110739673A (zh) * 2018-07-20 2020-01-31 硕天科技股份有限公司 突波保护装置
CN112351579A (zh) * 2020-11-02 2021-02-09 安徽研实科技有限公司 一种pcb电路和地面的连接方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4322356A1 (en) 2024-02-14
EP4322356A4 (en) 2024-11-06
CN115333066A (zh) 2022-11-11
BR112023023491A2 (pt) 2024-01-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7592719B2 (en) Protection of A/V components
US8152564B2 (en) Connector having protection components
US6648661B1 (en) Electrostatic discharge countermeasure for docking cradles with exposed pins that connect to an active interface
TWI422285B (zh) 具靜電放電防護之電池模組
CN112787306A (zh) 接地故障中断和usb供电器电气布线设备
US20130225007A1 (en) Eletrical jack
CN102214812B (zh) 具静电放电防护功能的电池组及电子装置
WO2022237905A1 (zh) 电压防护装置及系统
US5768081A (en) Modular primary surge protector assembly
US7271991B2 (en) Protection circuit for signal and power
US10326194B2 (en) Antenna mount for electrical panel boards
JP4932455B2 (ja) 雷サージ防護装置
US10090609B2 (en) Grounding module having external coaxial cable ground lug
US8581115B2 (en) Grounding bar/hatchplate for use with lightning arrestors
US7382596B2 (en) Method and apparatus for protecting a digital video recorder
KR20190140784A (ko) 서지 방지 기능을 가진 커넥터 및 이를 포함하는 회로기판
CN106301004A (zh) 电源供应装置及其高压测试方法
US20240087779A1 (en) Surge arresting power cable
CN213213586U (zh) 机箱和视频处理器
CN220172401U (zh) 一种固体柜用pt套管
CN206946961U (zh) 一种用于互感器高压端的pt电缆
CN220107808U (zh) 一种电源模块、电源适配器和电源
CN201540972U (zh) 带过电压保护器的插接式电缆接头
TWI226727B (en) Device for deterring cable displacement
WO2024097432A1 (en) Surge protector configured to protect ethernet equipment from surges via a wall outlet

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 22806867

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2022806867

Country of ref document: EP

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2022806867

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20231110

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: BR

Ref legal event code: B01A

Ref document number: 112023023491

Country of ref document: BR

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 112023023491

Country of ref document: BR

Kind code of ref document: A2

Effective date: 20231109