WO2022236792A1 - 电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路 - Google Patents

电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路 Download PDF

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WO2022236792A1
WO2022236792A1 PCT/CN2021/093751 CN2021093751W WO2022236792A1 WO 2022236792 A1 WO2022236792 A1 WO 2022236792A1 CN 2021093751 W CN2021093751 W CN 2021093751W WO 2022236792 A1 WO2022236792 A1 WO 2022236792A1
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resistor
circuit
capacitor
power supply
pole
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PCT/CN2021/093751
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English (en)
French (fr)
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成庆祥
王磊
付元民
陈泽平
苗奎星
陆腾飞
张彬
黎敏
李梦欢
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江苏金丰机电有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/093751 priority Critical patent/WO2022236792A1/zh
Publication of WO2022236792A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022236792A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of motor control, and in particular relates to a circuit for realizing battery lock operation by discharging through a capacitor after the battery is powered off.
  • the battery lock When the power on the motor controller is powered off, the battery lock will stop working with the power off, but in some special occasions, the battery lock is required to work normally at the moment of power off, so as to play a certain protective role, such as sharing Electric vehicle controller.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is that the battery lock cannot start working instantly after power failure, which affects the normal use of the electric control lock.
  • a circuit for realizing the battery lock operation by discharging through a capacitor after the battery is powered off which is characterized in that it includes: a control battery power supply circuit, an MCU power supply and a control electric control lock circuit, a power failure capacitor discharge circuit, and an electric control lock power supply circuit and control electric lock circuit.
  • the control battery power supply circuit includes a first current control circuit 11, a first current path 12, a second current path 13 and a first voltage detection circuit 14; the first current control circuit 11 controls the second current path 13 is turned on and off.
  • the voltage value of the capacitor C1 is discharged through the second current path 13, and the first voltage detection circuit 14 detects the voltage on the capacitor C1.
  • the first current control circuit 11 turns off the second current path 13 to prevent the capacitor C1 from discharging through the second current path 13 , and the capacitor C1 discharges through the first current path 12 .
  • the first current path 12 is composed of a power-down capacitor discharge circuit;
  • the first voltage detection circuit 14 includes a resistor R2 and a resistor R3;
  • the first current control circuit 11 includes an NPN transistor Q2, a resistor R1, PNP field effect transistor Q1;
  • the second current path 13 includes a diode D1, an MCU power supply and control electric control lock circuit, and an electric control lock power supply circuit.
  • the MCU power supply and control electronically controlled lock circuit includes a DC/DC step-down power supply chip U1 and an MCU processor U2; A power supply circuit 21, the MCU processor U2 is connected with the half-bridge driver chip U4 to form an MCU logic output control circuit 22, which controls the operation of the half-bridge driver chip U4.
  • the power-down capacitor discharge circuit includes a second voltage detection circuit 31, a second current control circuit 32, a third current control circuit 33, a third current path 34, a fourth current path 35, and a start-up circuit 36;
  • the second voltage detection circuit 31 detects the voltage on the capacitor C1.
  • the second current control circuit 32 is in the closed state; at this time, the capacitor C1 passes the third current
  • the path 34 continues to discharge, and when the voltage difference between the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 reaches a certain threshold voltage, the startup circuit 36 starts to conduct, triggering the third current control circuit 33 to keep turning on, and the capacitor C2 passes through the third current path 34 and the fourth current path 35 to continue discharging.
  • the second voltage detection circuit 31 includes a resistor R8 and a resistor R9;
  • the second current control circuit 32 is composed of a PNP transistor Q3, a resistor R7, and an NPN transistor Q7;
  • the third current control circuit 33 includes PNP three-stage tube Q4, PNP three-stage tube Q5, NPN three-stage tube Q6 and resistor R10;
  • the third current path 34 is composed of resistor R5;
  • the fourth current path 35 is the electric control lock power supply circuit and control The electric control lock circuit is composed;
  • the starting circuit 36 includes a diode D2, a resistor R4, a PN junction of the PNP transistor Q4, a PN junction of the PNP transistor Q5 and a diode D3.
  • the electric control lock power supply circuit includes a second power supply circuit 41, a third power supply circuit 42 and a voltage conversion circuit 43;
  • the third power supply circuit 42 includes a control battery power supply circuit and a diode D4, and the third power supply circuit
  • the circuit 42 includes a power-down capacitor discharge circuit and a diode D5,
  • the voltage conversion circuit 43 is a DC/DC step-down power supply chip U3;
  • the cathode of the diode D4 is connected to the cathode of the diode D5, and the DC/DC step-down power supply chip U3
  • the power input terminal Vin is connected;
  • the power output terminal Vout of the DC/DC step-down power supply chip U3 is connected to the half-bridge driver chip U4;
  • the control electric lock circuit includes a first control circuit 51, a second control circuit 52, and a logic drive circuit 53;
  • the first control circuit 51 is composed of a resistor R11, an NPN transistor Q8, a resistor R13 and an NPN three
  • the second control circuit 52 is composed of a resistor R12 and an NPN three-stage transistor Q9;
  • the logic drive circuit 53 is composed of a resistor R14, a resistor R15, a half-bridge driver chip U4 and an electronically controlled lock M;
  • the first control circuit 51 makes the logic output of the other end of the resistor R15 in the logic driving circuit 53 be high when the power-down capacitor discharge circuit starts to discharge;
  • the second control circuit 52 makes the power-down capacitor discharge circuit start to discharge.
  • the logic output of the other end of the resistor R14 in the logic driving circuit 53 is low.
  • the control battery power supply circuit specifically includes a battery power supply V1, a control power supply V2, a capacitor C1, a PNP field effect transistor Q1, a diode D1, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, and an NPN transistor Q2; the battery power supply V1
  • the positive output terminal of the control power supply V2, one terminal of the resistor R2, one terminal of the resistor R8, the positive terminal of the capacitor C1, the S pole of the PNP field effect transistor Q1, the anode of the diode D2, the cathode of the diode D3, and the terminal of the resistor R5 One end connection; the negative output terminal of the battery power supply V1 and the negative output terminal of the control power supply V2, the negative pole of the capacitor C1, one end of the resistor R3, the E pole of the NPN transistor Q2, one end of the resistor R5, the negative pole of the capacitor C2, and the resistor R9
  • the power-down capacitor discharge circuit specifically includes a resistor R5, a diode D2, a diode D3, a resistor R4, a capacitor C2, a resistor R6, a PNP triode Q3, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, an NPN triode Q7, a resistor R9, PNP three-stage tube Q4, PNP three-stage tube Q5, NPN three-stage tube Q6 and resistor R10;
  • the cathode of diode D2 is connected to one end of resistor R4;
  • the other end of resistor R4 is connected to the positive pole of capacitor C2, one end of resistor R6,
  • the E pole of the PNP transistor Q3 is connected to the E pole of the PNP transistor Q4;
  • the negative pole of the capacitor C2 is connected to the negative pole output terminal of the battery power supply V1 and the negative pole output terminal of the control power supply V2;
  • the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to the diode D3
  • the anode
  • the control electric lock circuit specifically includes resistor R11, resistor R12, NPN triode Q8, NPN triode Q9, resistor R13, NPN triode Q10, resistor R14, resistor R15, half-bridge drive chip U4 and the electric lock motor M; the other end of the resistor R11 is connected to the B pole of the NPN triode Q8; the C pole of the NPN triode Q8 is connected to one end of the resistor R13; the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to the NPN triode Q10 The B pole is connected; the C pole of the NPN triode Q10 is connected to the power output terminal Vout of the DC/DC step-down power supply chip U3; the E pole of the NPN triode Q10 is connected to one end of the resistor R14 and one end of the resistor R15; the resistor R12 The other end is connected with the B pole of the NPN transistor Q9.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention can reduce the quantity of battery power supply of the system on the shared electric vehicle, so that the system cost is greatly reduced;
  • the present invention reduces the software cost of the shared electric vehicle control system by means of hardware control, so that the software maintenance cost is greatly reduced;
  • the present invention can make full use of the electric energy stored in the capacitor by the battery, and fully utilize the electric energy stored in the capacitor in the system, so that the overall utilization rate of the electric energy of the system is improved;
  • the control system of the present invention is powered by a capacitor, and the overall system's working stability is more reliable than that powered by a battery power supply, and its durability is higher.
  • Fig. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the control battery power supply circuit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the MCU power supply and control electric control lock circuit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power-down capacitor discharge circuit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the electric control lock power supply circuit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the control electric lock circuit of the present invention.
  • a circuit that realizes the battery lock by discharging through a capacitor after the battery is powered off is mainly composed of several major circuit modules, including a control battery power supply circuit, an MCU power supply and control electric control lock circuit, a power failure capacitor discharge circuit, and an electric control lock.
  • the overall circuit diagram of the power supply circuit and control electric lock circuit is shown in Figure 1.
  • the control battery power supply circuit specifically includes battery power V1, control power V2, capacitor C1, PNP field effect transistor Q1, diode D1, resistor R1, resistor R2, resistor R3 and NPN triode Q2; the positive output terminal of battery power V1 is connected to The positive output terminal of the control power supply V2, one end of the resistor R2, one end of the resistor R8, the positive pole of the capacitor C1, the S pole of the PNP field effect transistor Q1, the anode of the diode D2, the cathode of the diode D3, and one end of the resistor R5 are connected; the battery power supply The negative output terminal of V1 and the negative output terminal of the control power supply V2, the negative pole of capacitor C1, one end of resistor R3, the E pole of NPN triode Q2, one end of resistor R5, the negative pole of capacitor C2, one end of resistor R9, NPN three The E pole of the stage tube Q7, one end of the resistor R10, the E pole of the NPN transistor Q8 and the E pole of the NPN
  • MCU power supply and control electric lock circuit is composed of DC/DC step-down power supply chip U1 and MCU processor U2.
  • the Vout end of the DC/DC step-down power supply chip U1 is connected to one end of the MCU processor U2; the P1 output end of the MCU processor U2 is connected to the half-bridge driver chip Vin1 end, one end of the resistor R14, and the C pole of the NPN transistor Q9 Connection; the P2 output terminal of the MCU processor U2 is connected to the Vin2 terminal of the half-bridge driver chip and one end of the resistor R15.
  • Power down capacitor discharge circuit specifically includes resistor R5, diode D2, diode D3, resistor R4, capacitor C2, resistor R6, PNP three-stage tube Q3, resistor R7, resistor R8, NPN three-stage tube Q7, resistor R9, PNP three-stage tube Tube Q4, PNP three-stage tube Q5, NPN three-stage tube Q6 and resistor R10; the cathode of diode D2 is connected to one end of resistor R4; the other end of resistor R4 is connected to the positive pole of capacitor C2, one end of resistor R6, and PNP three-stage tube Q3
  • the E pole of the resistor R6 is connected to the E pole of the PNP transistor Q4; the negative pole of the capacitor C2 is connected to the negative output terminal of the battery power supply V1 and the negative pole output terminal of the control power supply V2; the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to the anode of the diode D3 and the PNP three-stage
  • the electric control lock power supply circuit is composed of diode D4, DC/DC step-down power supply chip U3, and diode D5.
  • the cathode of the diode D4 is connected to the cathode of the diode D5 and the power input terminal Vin of the DC/DC step-down power supply chip U3; the power output terminal Vout of the DC/DC step-down power supply chip U3 is connected to the half-bridge driver chip U4.
  • Control electric lock circuit specifically includes resistor R11, resistor R12, NPN three-stage tube Q8, NPN three-stage tube Q9, resistor R13, NPN three-stage tube Q10, resistor R14, resistor R15, half-bridge driver chip U4 and electric lock motor M; the other end of the resistor R11 is connected to the B pole of the NPN transistor Q8; the C pole of the NPN transistor Q8 is connected to one end of the resistor R13; the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to the B pole of the NPN transistor Q10; The C pole of the triode Q10 is connected to the power output terminal Vout of the DC/DC step-down power supply chip U3; the E pole of the NPN triode Q10 is connected to one end of the resistor R14 and one end of the resistor R15; the other end of the resistor R12 is connected to the NPN three The B pole of the stage tube Q9 is connected.
  • the working process can be divided according to the following modules:
  • the control battery power supply circuit includes a first current control circuit 11, a first current path 12, a second current path 13 and a first voltage detection circuit 14; the first current path 12 is composed of a power-down capacitor discharge circuit; the first voltage detection The circuit 14 includes a resistor R2 and a resistor R3; the first current control circuit 11 includes an NPN transistor Q2, a resistor R1, and a PNP field effect transistor Q1; the second current path 13 includes a diode D1, an MCU power supply and control electric lock circuit and an Control lock power supply circuit.
  • the first current control circuit 11 controls the second current path 13 to be turned on and off.
  • the voltage value of the capacitor C1 is discharged through the second current path 13, and the first voltage detection circuit 14 controls the capacitor C1.
  • the first current control circuit 11 turns off the second current path 13 to prevent the capacitor C1 from discharging through the second current path 13, and the capacitor C1 can only The discharge takes place through the first current path 12 .
  • the MCU power supply and control electric control lock circuit includes a DC/DC step-down power supply chip U1 and an MCU processor U2; the control battery power supply circuit is connected with the DC/DC step-down power supply chip U1 to form the first power supply circuit 21 of the MCU processor U2,
  • the MCU processor U2 is connected with the half-bridge driver chip U4 to form an MCU logic output control circuit 22, and the MCU processor U2 controls the half-bridge driver chip U4 to work.
  • the power-down capacitor discharge circuit includes a second voltage detection circuit 31, a second current control circuit 32, a third current control circuit 33, a third current path 34, a fourth current path 35 and a starting circuit 36;
  • the second voltage detection circuit 31 Including resistor R8 and resistor R9;
  • the second current control circuit 32 is composed of PNP three-stage tube Q3, resistor R7, and NPN three-stage tube Q7;
  • the third current control circuit 33 includes PNP three-stage tube Q4, PNP three-stage tube Q5, NPN three-stage tube Q7 Three-level tube Q6 and resistor R10;
  • the third current path 34 is composed of resistor R5;
  • the fourth current path 35 is composed of the electric control lock power supply circuit and the control electric control lock circuit;
  • the starting circuit 36 includes diode D2, resistor R4, and PNP three stages The PN junction of the transistor Q4, the PN junction of the PNP transistor Q5 and the diode D3.
  • the second voltage detection circuit 31 detects the voltage on the capacitor C1, when the voltage value on the capacitor C1 is discharged through the third current path 34, the second current control circuit 32 is in the closed state; at this time, the capacitor C1 passes through the third current path 34 continues to discharge, when the voltage difference between the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 reaches a certain threshold voltage, the starting circuit 36 starts to conduct, triggering the third current control circuit 33 to keep on, and the capacitor C2 passes through the third current path 34 and the fourth current path 35 Continue to discharge.
  • the electric control lock power supply circuit includes a second power supply circuit 41, a third power supply circuit 42 and a voltage conversion circuit 43; the third power supply circuit 42 includes a control battery power supply circuit and a diode D4, and the third power supply circuit 42 includes a power failure capacitor discharge circuit and diode D5, the voltage conversion circuit 43 is a DC/DC step-down power supply chip U3; the control battery power supply circuit supplies power to the voltage conversion circuit 43 through the diode D4; the power-down capacitor discharge circuit supplies power to the voltage conversion circuit 43 through the diode D5;
  • the /DC step-down power supply chip U3 converts the power supply voltage to the voltage required by the electric control lock, and supplies power to the half-bridge driver chip U4.
  • the control electric lock circuit includes a first control circuit 51, a second control circuit 52, and a logic drive circuit 53;
  • the first control circuit 51 is composed of a resistor R11, an NPN triode Q8, a resistor R13, and an NPN triode Q10;
  • the second The control circuit 52 is composed of a resistor R12 and an NPN triode Q9;
  • the logic drive circuit 53 is composed of a resistor R14, a resistor R15, a half-bridge driver chip U4 and an electric control lock M;
  • the second control circuit 52 makes the logic output of the other end of the resistor R14 of the logic driving circuit 53 low when the power-down capacitor discharge circuit starts to discharge.

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Abstract

本发明公开一种电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路，属于电池锁技术领域，包括控制电池电源供电电路、MCU供电以及控制电控锁电路、电源掉电电容放电电路、电控锁供电电路以及控制电控锁电路。本发明在共享电动车上可以降低系统电池电源的数量，使得系统成本大大降低；通过硬件控制的方式，降低了共享电动车控制系统的软件成本，使得软件维护成本大大降低；本发明能够充分利用电池存储在电容器的电能，将系统中电容存储的电量进行充分利用，使得系统电能利用率整体提高；控制系统通过电容器进行供电，整体系统的工作稳定性比通过电池电源供电的工作稳定性更加可靠，耐久性能更高。

Description

电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路 技术领域
本发明属于电机控制技术领域，具体涉及一种电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路。
背景技术
通常，在共享电动车的电机控制器上存在电池锁，用于对电动车电源进行保护。当电源打开，电机控制器上电，从而实现对电池锁的控制。
当电机控制器上电源掉电后，电池锁会随电源关闭而停止工作，但是在一些特殊的场合下，要求电池锁在电源掉电瞬间能正常工作，从而起到一定的保护作用，如共享电动车控制器。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题：电池锁在电源掉电后不能瞬间开始工作，影响电控锁的正常使用。
技术方案：为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路，其特征在于，包括：包括控制电池电源供电电路、MCU供电及控制电控锁电路、电源掉电电容放电电路、电控锁供电电路和控制电控锁电路。
作为优选，所述控制电池电源供电电路包括第一电流控制电路11、第一电流通路12、第二电流通路13和第一电压检测电路14；所述第一电流控制电路11控制第二电流通路13导通与关断，当电池电源V1和控制电源V2关闭后，电容C1电压值通过第二电流通路13放电，第一电压检测电路14对电容C1上的电压进行检测，当电容C1上的电压降至预定的电压阈值时，由第一电流控制电路11关断第二电流通路13，阻止电容C1通过第二电流通路13放电，电容C1通过第一电流通路12进行放电。
作为优选，所述第一电流通路12为电源掉电电容放电电路构成；所述第一电压检测电路14包括电阻R2和电阻R3；所述第一电流控制电路11包括NPN三级管Q2、电阻R1、PNP场效应晶体管Q1；所述第二电流通路13包括二极管D1、MCU供电及控制电控锁电路和电控锁供电电路。
作为优选，所述MCU供电及控制电控锁电路包括DC/DC降压电源芯片U1和MCU处理器U2；控制电池电源供电电路与DC/DC降压电源芯片U1连接构成MCU处理器U2的第一供电电路21，MCU处理器U2与半桥驱动芯片U4连接构成MCU逻辑输出控制电路22，控制半桥驱动芯片U4工作。
作为优选，所述电源掉电电容放电电路包括第二电压检测电路31、第二电流控制电路32、第三电流控制电路33、第三电流通路34、第四电流通路35和启动电路36；所述第二电压检测电路31对电容C1上的电压进行检测，当电容C1上的电压值通过第三电流通路34进行放电，第二电流控制电路32处于关闭状态；此时电容C1通过第三电流通路34继续放电，当电容C1电压与电容C2电压差达到一定的阈值电压，启动电路36开始导通，触发第三电流控制电路33保持开启，电容C2通过第三电流通路34和第四电流通路35继续放电。
作为优选，所述第二电压检测电路31包括电阻R8、电阻R9；所述第二电流控制电路32由PNP三级管Q3、电阻R7、NPN三级管Q7构成；所述第三电流控制电路33包括PNP三级管Q4、PNP三级管Q5、NPN三级管Q6和电阻R10；所述第三电流通路34为电阻R5构成；所述第四电流通路35为电控锁供电电路和控制电控锁电路构成；所述启动电路36包括二极管D2、电阻R4、PNP三级管Q4的PN结、PNP三级管Q5的PN结和二极管D3。
作为优选，所述电控锁供电电路包括第二供电电路41、第三供电电路42和电压转换电路43；所述第三供电电路42包括控制电池电源供电电路和二极管D4，所述第三供电电路42包括电源掉电电容放电电路和二极管D5，所述电压转换电路43为DC/DC降压电源芯片U3；所述二极管D4的阴极与二极管D5的阴极、DC/DC降压电源芯片U3的电源输入端Vin连接；DC/DC降压电源芯片U3的电源输出端Vout与半桥驱动芯片U4连接；
作为优选，所述控制电控锁电路包括第一控制电路51、第二控制电路52、逻辑驱动电路53；所述第一控制电路51由电阻R11、NPN三级管Q8、电阻R13和NPN三级管Q10构成；所述第二控制电路52由电阻R12、NPN三级管Q9构成；所述逻辑驱动电路53由电阻R14、电阻R15、半桥驱动芯片U4和电控锁M构成；所述第一控制电路51在电源掉电电容放电电路开始放电时，使得逻辑驱动电路53中电阻R15另一端逻辑输出为高；所述第二控制电路52在电源掉 电电容放电电路开始放电时，使得逻辑驱动电路53中电阻R14另一端逻辑输出为低。
作为优选，所述控制电池电源供电电路具体包括电池电源V1、控制电源V2、电容C1、PNP场效应晶体管Q1、二极管D1、电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3和NPN三级管Q2；电池电源V1的正极输出端与控制电源V2的正极输出端、电阻R2的一端、电阻R8的一端、电容C1的正极、PNP场效应晶体管Q1的S极、二极管D2的阳极、二极管D3的阴极、电阻R5的一端连接；电池电源V1的负极输出端与控制电源V2的负极输出端、电容C1的负极、电阻R3的一端、NPN三级管Q2的E极、电阻R5的一端、电容C2的负极、电阻R9的一端、NPN三级管Q7的E极、电阻R10的一端、NPN三级管Q8的E极和NPN三级管Q9的E极连接；PNP场效应晶体管Q1的D极与二极管D1的阳极和二极管D4的阳极；PNP场效应晶体管Q1的G极与电阻R1的一端连接；电阻R2的另一端与NPN三级管Q2的B极和电阻R3的一端连接；NPN三级管Q2的C极与电阻R1的另一端连接；二极管D1的阴极与DC/DC降压电源芯片U1的电源输入端Vin连接。
作为优选，所述电源掉电电容放电电路具体包括电阻R5、二极管D2、二极管D3、电阻R4、电容C2、电阻R6、PNP三级管Q3、电阻R7、电阻R8、NPN三级管Q7、电阻R9、PNP三级管Q4、PNP三级管Q5、NPN三级管Q6和电阻R10；二极管D2的阴极与电阻R4的一端连接；电阻R4的另一端与电容C2的正极、电阻R6的一端、PNP三级管Q3的E极和PNP三级管Q4的E极连接；电容C2的负极与电池电源V1的负极输出端、控制电源V2的负极输出端连接；电阻R6的另一端与二极管D3的阳极和PNP三级管Q3的C极、NPN三极管Q6的C极、PNP三极管Q5的B极连接；PNP三级管Q3的B极与电阻R7的一端连接；电阻R7的另一端与NPN三级管Q7的C极连接；PNP三级管Q4的B极与PNP三级管Q5的E极连接；PNP三级管Q4的C极与二极管D5的阳极、电阻R11的一端、电阻R12的一端连接；NPN三级管Q6的B极与NPN三级管Q5的C极连接；NPN三级管Q6的E极与电阻R10的一端连接；NPN三级管Q7的B极与电阻R8的一端、电阻R9的一端连接。
作为优选，所述控制电控锁电路具体包括电阻R11、电阻R12、NPN三级管 Q8、NPN三级管Q9、电阻R13、NPN三级管Q10、电阻R14、电阻R15、半桥驱动芯片U4以及电控锁电机M；电阻R11的另一端与NPN三级管Q8的B极连接；NPN三级管Q8的C极与电阻R13的一端连接；电阻R13的另一端与NPN三级管Q10的B极连接；NPN三级管Q10的C极与DC/DC降压电源芯片U3的电源输出端Vout连接；NPN三级管Q10的E极与电阻R14的一端、电阻R15的一端连接；电阻R12另一端与NPN三级管Q9的B极连接。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
(1)本发明在共享电动车上可以降低系统电池电源的数量，使得系统成本大大降低；
(2)本发明通过硬件控制的方式，降低了共享电动车控制系统的软件成本，使得软件维护成本大大降低；
(3)本发明能够充分利用电池存储在电容器的电能，将系统中电容存储的电量进行充分利用，使得系统电能利用率整体提高；
(4)本发明控制系统通过电容器进行供电，整体系统的工作稳定性比通过电池电源供电的工作稳定性更加可靠，耐久性能更高。
附图说明
图1是本发明电路原理图；
图2是本发明的控制电池电源供电电路原理图；
图3是本发明的MCU供电及控制电控锁电路原理图；
图4是本发明的电源掉电电容放电电路原理图；
图5是本发明的电控锁供电电路原理图；
图6是本发明的控制电控锁电路原理图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
一种电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路，主要几大电路模块组成，包括控制电池电源供电电路、MCU供电及控制电控锁电路、电源掉电电容放电电路、电控锁供电电路和控制电控锁电路，整体电路图如图1所示。
具体电路结构上：
控制电池电源供电电路具体包括电池电源V1、控制电源V2、电容C1、PNP场效应晶体管Q1、二极管D1、电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3和NPN三级管Q2；电池电源V1的正极输出端与控制电源V2的正极输出端、电阻R2的一端、电阻R8的一端、电容C1的正极、PNP场效应晶体管Q1的S极、二极管D2的阳极、二极管D3的阴极、电阻R5的一端连接；电池电源V1的负极输出端与控制电源V2的负极输出端、电容C1的负极、电阻R3的一端、NPN三级管Q2的E极、电阻R5的一端、电容C2的负极、电阻R9的一端、NPN三级管Q7的E极、电阻R10的一端、NPN三级管Q8的E极和NPN三级管Q9的E极连接；PNP场效应晶体管Q1的D极与二极管D1的阳极和二极管D4的阳极；PNP场效应晶体管Q1的G极与电阻R1的一端连接；电阻R2的另一端与NPN三级管Q2的B极和电阻R3的一端连接；NPN三级管Q2的C极与电阻R1的另一端连接；二极管D1的阴极与DC/DC降压电源芯片U1的电源输入端Vin连接。
MCU供电及控制电控锁电路由DC/DC降压电源芯片U1和MCU处理器U2组成。DC/DC降压电源芯片U1的Vout端与MCU处理器U2的一端连接,；MCU处理器U2的P1输出端与半桥驱动芯片Vin1端、电阻R14的一端和NPN三级管Q9的C极连接；MCU处理器U2的P2输出端与半桥驱动芯片Vin2端、电阻R15的一端连接。
电源掉电电容放电电路具体包括电阻R5、二极管D2、二极管D3、电阻R4、电容C2、电阻R6、PNP三级管Q3、电阻R7、电阻R8、NPN三级管Q7、电阻R9、PNP三级管Q4、PNP三级管Q5、NPN三级管Q6和电阻R10；二极管D2的阴极与电阻R4的一端连接；电阻R4的另一端与电容C2的正极、电阻R6的一端、PNP三级管Q3的E极和PNP三级管Q4的E极连接；电容C2的负极与电池电源V1的负极输出端、控制电源V2的负极输出端连接；电阻R6的另一端与二极管D3的阳极和PNP三级管Q3的C极、NPN三极管Q6的C极、PNP三极管Q5的B极连接；PNP三级管Q3的B极与电阻R7的一端连接；电阻R7的另一端与NPN三级管Q7的C极连接；PNP三级管Q4的B极与PNP三级管Q5的E极连接；PNP三级管Q4的C极与二极管D5的阳极、电阻R11的一端、电阻R12的一端连接；NPN三级管Q6的B极与NPN三级管Q5的C极连接； NPN三级管Q6的E极与电阻R10的一端连接；NPN三级管Q7的B极与电阻R8的一端、电阻R9的一端连接。
电控锁供电电路由二极管D4、DC/DC降压电源芯片U3、二极管D5组成。二极管D4的阴极与二极管D5的阴极、DC/DC降压电源芯片U3的电源输入端Vin连接；DC/DC降压电源芯片U3的电源输出端Vout与半桥驱动芯片U4连接。
控制电控锁电路具体包括电阻R11、电阻R12、NPN三级管Q8、NPN三级管Q9、电阻R13、NPN三级管Q10、电阻R14、电阻R15、半桥驱动芯片U4以及电控锁电机M；电阻R11的另一端与NPN三级管Q8的B极连接；NPN三级管Q8的C极与电阻R13的一端连接；电阻R13的另一端与NPN三级管Q10的B极连接；NPN三级管Q10的C极与DC/DC降压电源芯片U3的电源输出端Vout连接；NPN三级管Q10的E极与电阻R14的一端、电阻R15的一端连接；电阻R12另一端与NPN三级管Q9的B极连接。
工作过程可按照以下模块进行划分：
控制电池电源供电电路包括第一电流控制电路11、第一电流通路12、第二电流通路13和第一电压检测电路14；第一电流通路12为电源掉电电容放电电路构成；第一电压检测电路14包括电阻R2和电阻R3；第一电流控制电路11包括NPN三级管Q2、电阻R1、PNP场效应晶体管Q1；第二电流通路13包括二极管D1、MCU供电及控制电控锁电路和电控锁供电电路。
第一电流控制电路11控制第二电流通路13导通与关断，当电池电源V1和控制电源V2关闭后，电容C1电压值通过第二电流通路13放电，第一电压检测电路14对电容C1上的电压进行检测，当电容C1上的电压降至预定的电压阈值时，由第一电流控制电路11关断第二电流通路13，阻止电容C1通过第二电流通路13放电，电容C1只能通过第一电流通路12进行放电。
MCU供电及控制电控锁电路包括DC/DC降压电源芯片U1和MCU处理器U2；控制电池电源供电电路与DC/DC降压电源芯片U1连接构成MCU处理器U2的第一供电电路21，MCU处理器U2与半桥驱动芯片U4连接构成MCU逻辑输出控制电路22，MCU处理器U2控制半桥驱动芯片U4工作。
电源掉电电容放电电路包括第二电压检测电路31、第二电流控制电路32、第三电流控制电路33、第三电流通路34、第四电流通路35和启动电路36；第 二电压检测电路31包括电阻R8和电阻R9；第二电流控制电路32由PNP三级管Q3、电阻R7、NPN三级管Q7构成；第三电流控制电路33包括PNP三级管Q4、PNP三级管Q5、NPN三级管Q6和电阻R10；第三电流通路34为电阻R5构成；第四电流通路35为电控锁供电电路和控制电控锁电路构成；启动电路36包括二极管D2、电阻R4、PNP三级管Q4的PN结、PNP三级管Q5的PN结和二极管D3。
第二电压检测电路31对电容C1上的电压进行检测，当电容C1上的电压值通过第三电流通路34进行放电，第二电流控制电路32处于关闭状态；此时电容C1通过第三电流通路34继续放电，当电容C1电压与电容C2电压差达到一定的阈值电压，启动电路36开始导通，触发第三电流控制电路33保持开启，电容C2通过第三电流通路34和第四电流通路35继续放电。
电控锁供电电路包括第二供电电路41、第三供电电路42和电压转换电路43；第三供电电路42包括控制电池电源供电电路和二极管D4，第三供电电路42包括电源掉电电容放电电路和二极管D5，电压转换电路43为DC/DC降压电源芯片U3；控制电池电源供电电路通过二极管D4给电压转换电路43供电；电源掉电电容放电电路通过二极管D5给电压转换电路43供电；DC/DC降压电源芯片U3将供电电压转换为电控锁需要的电压，为半桥驱动芯片U4供电。
控制电控锁电路包括第一控制电路51、第二控制电路52、逻辑驱动电路53；第一控制电路51由电阻R11、NPN三级管Q8、电阻R13和NPN三级管Q10构成；第二控制电路52由电阻R12、NPN三级管Q9构成；逻辑驱动电路53由电阻R14、电阻R15、半桥驱动芯片U4和电控锁M构成；第一控制电路51在电源掉电电容放电电路开始放电时，使得逻辑驱动电路53中电阻R15另一端逻辑输出为高；第二控制电路52在电源掉电电容放电电路开始放电时，使得逻辑驱动电路53中电阻R14另一端逻辑输出为低。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路，其特征在于，包括：包括控制电池电源供电电路、MCU供电及控制电控锁电路、电源掉电电容放电电路、电控锁供电电路和控制电控锁电路。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路，其特征在于：所述控制电池电源供电电路包括第一电流控制电路(11)、第一电流通路(12)、第二电流通路(13)和第一电压检测电路(14)；所述第一电流控制电路(11)控制第二电流通路(13)导通与关断，当电池电源V1和控制电源V2关闭后，电容C1电压值通过第二电流通路(13)放电，第一电压检测电路(14)对电容C1上的电压进行检测，当电容C1上的电压降至预定的电压阈值时，由第一电流控制电路(11)关断第二电流通路(13)，阻止电容C1通过第二电流通路(13)放电，电容C1通过第一电流通路(12)进行放电。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路，其特征在于：所述第一电流通路(12)为电源掉电电容放电电路构成；所述第一电压检测电路(14)包括电阻R2和电阻R3；所述第一电流控制电路(11)包括NPN三级管Q2、电阻R1、PNP场效应晶体管Q1；所述第二电流通路(13)包括二极管D1、MCU供电及控制电控锁电路和电控锁供电电路。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路，其特征在于：所述MCU供电及控制电控锁电路包括DC/DC降压电源芯片U1和MCU处理器U2；控制电池电源供电电路与DC/DC降压电源芯片U1连接构成MCU处理器U2的第一供电电路(21)，MCU处理器U2与半桥驱动芯片U4连接构成MCU逻辑输出控制电路(22)，控制半桥驱动芯片U4工作。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路，其特征在于：所述电源掉电电容放电电路包括第二电压检测电路(31)、第二电流控制电路(32)、第三电流控制电路(33)、第三电流通路(34)、第四电流通路(35)和启动电路(36)；所述第二电压检测电路(31)对电容C1上的电压进行检测，当电容C1上的电压值通过第三电流通路(34)进行放电，第二电流控制电路(32)处于关闭状态；此时电容C1通过第三电流通路(34)继续放电，当电容C1电压与电容C2电压差达到一定的阈值电压，启动电路(36)开始导通，触发第三电流控制电路(33)保持开启，电容C2通过第三电流通路 (34)和第四电流通路(35)继续放电。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路，其特征在于：所述第二电压检测电路(31)包括电阻R8、电阻R9；所述第二电流控制电路(32)由PNP三级管Q3、电阻R7、NPN三级管Q7构成；所述第三电流控制电路(33)包括PNP三级管Q4、PNP三级管Q5、NPN三级管Q6和电阻R10；所述第三电流通路(34)为电阻R5构成；所述第四电流通路(35)为电控锁供电电路和控制电控锁电路构成；所述启动电路(36)包括二极管D2、电阻R4、PNP三级管Q4的PN结、PNP三级管Q5的PN结和二极管D3。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路，其特征在于：所述电控锁供电电路包括第二供电电路(41)、第三供电电路(42)和电压转换电路(43)；所述第三供电电路(42)包括控制电池电源供电电路和二极管D4，所述第三供电电路(42)包括电源掉电电容放电电路和二极管D5，所述电压转换电路(43)为DC/DC降压电源芯片U3；所述二极管D4的阴极与二极管D5的阴极、DC/DC降压电源芯片U3的电源输入端Vin连接；DC/DC降压电源芯片U3的电源输出端Vout与半桥驱动芯片U4连接；
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路，其特征在于：所述控制电控锁电路包括第一控制电路(51)、第二控制电路(52)、逻辑驱动电路(53)；所述第一控制电路(51)由电阻R11、NPN三级管Q8、电阻R13和NPN三级管Q10构成；所述第二控制电路(52)由电阻R12、NPN三级管Q9构成；所述逻辑驱动电路(53)由电阻R14、电阻R15、半桥驱动芯片U4和电控锁M构成；所述第一控制电路(51)在电源掉电电容放电电路开始放电时，使得逻辑驱动电路(53)中电阻R15另一端逻辑输出为高；所述第二控制电路(52)在电源掉电电容放电电路开始放电时，使得逻辑驱动电路(53)中电阻R14另一端逻辑输出为低。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路，其特征在于：所述控制电池电源供电电路具体包括电池电源V1、控制电源V2、电容C1、PNP场效应晶体管Q1、二极管D1、电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3和NPN三级管Q2；电池电源V1的正极输出端与控制电源V2的正极输出 端、电阻R2的一端、电阻R8的一端、电容C1的正极、PNP场效应晶体管Q1的S极、二极管D2的阳极、二极管D3的阴极、电阻R5的一端连接；电池电源V1的负极输出端与控制电源V2的负极输出端、电容C1的负极、电阻R3的一端、NPN三级管Q2的E极、电阻R5的一端、电容C2的负极、电阻R9的一端、NPN三级管Q7的E极、电阻R10的一端、NPN三级管Q8的E极和NPN三级管Q9的E极连接；PNP场效应晶体管Q1的D极与二极管D1的阳极和二极管D4的阳极；PNP场效应晶体管Q1的G极与电阻R1的一端连接；电阻R2的另一端与NPN三级管Q2的B极和电阻R3的一端连接；NPN三级管Q2的C极与电阻R1的另一端连接；二极管D1的阴极与DC/DC降压电源芯片U1的电源输入端Vin连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路，其特征在于：所述电源掉电电容放电电路具体包括电阻R5、二极管D2、二极管D3、电阻R4、电容C2、电阻R6、PNP三级管Q3、电阻R7、电阻R8、NPN三级管Q7、电阻R9、PNP三级管Q4、PNP三级管Q5、NPN三级管Q6和电阻R10；二极管D2的阴极与电阻R4的一端连接；电阻R4的另一端与电容C2的正极、电阻R6的一端、PNP三级管Q3的E极和PNP三级管Q4的E极连接；电容C2的负极与电池电源V1的负极输出端、控制电源V2的负极输出端连接；电阻R6的另一端与二极管D3的阳极和PNP三级管Q3的C极、NPN三极管Q6的C极、PNP三极管Q5的B极连接；PNP三级管Q3的B极与电阻R7的一端连接；电阻R7的另一端与NPN三级管Q7的C极连接；PNP三级管Q4的B极与PNP三级管Q5的E极连接；PNP三级管Q4的C极与二极管D5的阳极、电阻R11的一端、电阻R12的一端连接；NPN三级管Q6的B极与NPN三级管Q5的C极连接；NPN三级管Q6的E极与电阻R10的一端连接；NPN三级管Q7的B极与电阻R8的一端、电阻R9的一端连接。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路，其特征在于：所述控制电控锁电路具体包括电阻R11、电阻R12、NPN三级管Q8、NPN三级管Q9、电阻R13、NPN三级管Q10、电阻R14、电阻R15、半桥驱动芯片U4以及电控锁电机M；电阻R11的另一端与NPN三级管Q8的B极连接；NPN三级管Q8的C极与电阻R13的一端连接；电阻R13的另一端与 NPN三级管Q10的B极连接；NPN三级管Q10的C极与DC/DC降压电源芯片U3的电源输出端Vout连接；NPN三级管Q10的E极与电阻R14的一端、电阻R15的一端连接；电阻R12另一端与NPN三级管Q9的B极连接。
PCT/CN2021/093751 2021-05-14 2021-05-14 电池掉电后通过电容器进行放电实现电池锁工作的电路 WO2022236792A1 (zh)

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CN110557010A (zh) * 2019-09-26 2019-12-10 苏州佳世达电通有限公司 一种开关电源及其x电容放电电路
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