WO2022236352A1 - Antriebsystem - Google Patents
Antriebsystem Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022236352A1 WO2022236352A1 PCT/AT2022/060161 AT2022060161W WO2022236352A1 WO 2022236352 A1 WO2022236352 A1 WO 2022236352A1 AT 2022060161 W AT2022060161 W AT 2022060161W WO 2022236352 A1 WO2022236352 A1 WO 2022236352A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- drive system
- electric motors
- propeller
- shaft
- torque transmission
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
- B63H21/17—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H20/00—Outboard propulsion units, e.g. outboard motors or Z-drives; Arrangements thereof on vessels
- B63H20/007—Trolling propulsion units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H20/00—Outboard propulsion units, e.g. outboard motors or Z-drives; Arrangements thereof on vessels
- B63H20/28—Arrangements, apparatus and methods for handling cooling-water in outboard drives, e.g. cooling-water intakes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H20/00—Outboard propulsion units, e.g. outboard motors or Z-drives; Arrangements thereof on vessels
- B63H20/28—Arrangements, apparatus and methods for handling cooling-water in outboard drives, e.g. cooling-water intakes
- B63H20/285—Cooling-water intakes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
- B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
- B63H5/08—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers of more than one propeller
- B63H5/10—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers of more than one propeller of coaxial type, e.g. of counter-rotative type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H20/00—Outboard propulsion units, e.g. outboard motors or Z-drives; Arrangements thereof on vessels
- B63H20/32—Housings
- B63H2020/323—Gear cases
- B63H2020/326—Gear cases having a dividing plane substantially in plane with the axes of the transmission shafts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
- B63H23/02—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with mechanical gearing
- B63H2023/0208—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with mechanical gearing by means of endless flexible members
- B63H2023/0216—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with mechanical gearing by means of endless flexible members by means of belts, or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
- B63H23/02—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with mechanical gearing
- B63H2023/0208—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with mechanical gearing by means of endless flexible members
- B63H2023/0216—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with mechanical gearing by means of endless flexible members by means of belts, or the like
- B63H2023/0233—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with mechanical gearing by means of endless flexible members by means of belts, or the like of belts having a toothed contact surface, or regularly spaced bosses, or hollows for slip-less or nearly slip-less meshing with complementary profiled contact surface of a pulley
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
- B63H23/02—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with mechanical gearing
- B63H2023/0208—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with mechanical gearing by means of endless flexible members
- B63H2023/025—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with mechanical gearing by means of endless flexible members by means of chains
Definitions
- the invention relates to a drive system, in particular for a boat, comprising two electric motors, each with a rotor shaft, a propeller, a propeller shaft, the propeller being arranged on the propeller shaft, and at least one torque transmission device, in particular two torque transmission devices , wherein each of the two rotor shafts of the two electric motors is connected to at least one, in particular to each, torque transmission device.
- the invention also relates to a boat with a drive system.
- Outboard drives are among the most common drive systems for pleasure boats.
- An outboard drive is a complete propulsion unit, essentially consisting of housing, motor, power transmission, reduction gear and ship's propeller.
- the outboard drive is attached to the transom of the boat and can be divided into structural assemblies such as the upper part, shaft and underwater part.
- the engine is located in the upper part, the length of the shaft is boat-specific and carries the drive shaft.
- the underwater part is often equipped with an angular gear and, after reduction via the propeller shaft, leads the ship's propeller.
- the cooling is usually done by means of an impeller (pump), which transports the seawater from the underwater part to the upper part.
- pump impeller
- US 2018/079477 A1 describes a drive system for a boat, comprising: a motor; a link arm; a trim panel configured to be located on the boat; at least one propeller; and a belt to transmit torque from the engine to the at least one propeller, the belt forming two belt sections between the engine and the propeller.
- the propulsion system further comprises: a first rotating assembly with the belt passing therethrough and configured to rotate steeply relative to the first fairing about a geometric axis directed upward such that the at least one propeller is so relative to the Boot is oriented to the latter too turn; and a second assembly configured to be translated relative to the first pivot assembly to retract the at least one propeller.
- EP 3 590 821 A1 describes an outboard motor with a first propeller shaft and a second propeller shaft, the second propeller shaft being arranged concentrically with the first propeller shaft, and the first propeller shaft being connected to a first power transmission arrangement in order to connect the first propeller shaft in to rotate a first direction, and wherein the second propeller shaft is connected to a second power transmission arrangement to rotate the second propeller shaft in a second direction opposite to the first direction, the outboard motor having a first electric motor with a first motor shaft and a second electric motor having a second motor shaft, wherein the first motor shaft is connected to the first power transmission assembly, and wherein the second motor shaft is connected to the second power transmission assembly.
- the present invention is based on the object of specifying an improved electric drive.
- the object of the invention is to improve the usability of an electric drive for a boat.
- the object of the invention is achieved in the drive system mentioned at the outset in that the at least one torque transmission device, in particular both torque transmission devices, is/are connected to the propeller shaft.
- the object is also achieved by the boat mentioned at the outset, which has the drive system according to the invention.
- the advantage here is that the power connection of the electric motors (both acting on a propeller shaft) not only improves the overall power available, but also increases the variability of the drive. It is thus possible to optimize speed/torque/motor efficiency and, depending on the load, to operate the propeller at the ideal speed. This in turn allows better energy utilization, which is particularly important for accumulators for a higher distance covered. In addition, a redundancy of the drive system can be achieved if two motors and two torque transmission systems are available. standing.
- the advantage of dividing the power to be provided between two motors is that the available cooling surface is increased compared to a motor with the same total power, which means that the cooling itself can be made more efficient or at least structurally simpler.
- the lower power requirement per motor has a supporting effect, which also offers further efficiency advantages and with which the continuous performance of the drive system can be improved.
- the propulsion system therefore, on the one hand a high peak performance and on the other hand an improved continuous performance can be achieved compared to the electric propulsion systems for boats that are known at present.
- more than one electric motor can be arranged on at least one of the two rotor shafts, in particular on both rotor shafts.
- the electric motors are arranged horizontally.
- this installation enables the overall height of the drive system to be reduced, which means that the ability to be integrated into a boat or a means of transport in general can be improved.
- the horizontal installation position simplifies direct rotor shaft cooling in addition to the cooling channels around the stator.
- the rotor shaft can be designed as a hollow shaft and the rotor can thus be cooled directly.
- this can be used to cool the stator.
- the electric motors are formed exclusively by asynchronous motors or a combination of at least one asynchronous motor and at least one synchronous motor. If only asynchronous motors are used, the use of permanent magnets and thus the use of rare earths can be dispensed with, which means that the production of the drive system is less susceptible to procurement problems of raw materials. This advantage outweighs the poorer part-load efficiency of an asynchronous motor compared to a synchronous motor.
- the dual drive of two asynchronous motors also helps here, which can largely compensate for the poorer part-load efficiency through intelligent control of the two motors. For example, in the lower load range, only one of the two electric motors can be used to increase load per engine.
- the combination of synchronous and asynchronous motors makes it possible to cover the lower part-load range with the synchronous motor, which also allows a better response to the lower part-load efficiency of the asynchronous motor.
- a simple way of operating the drive system with only one of the at least two electric motors can be achieved, in particular if the drive system has two synchronous motors or exclusively synchronous motors if, according to one embodiment of the invention, one of the two rotor shafts is equipped with a switchable, in particular Freewheel device is connected or provided.
- the drive system when used as a boat motor, in particular as an outboard motor, the drive system has an anti-cavitation plate which is arranged above the propeller. According to a further embodiment variant of the invention, it can be provided that the electric motors are arranged on the anti-cavitation plate. A construction that is essentially independent of the socket can thus be achieved. It is known that different shaft lengths are required for "outboards" due to different boat types. In most cases 15" and 20" for smaller boats, and 20", 25" and 30" for medium to larger boats. This dimension is called the transom height, which is measured from the anti-cavitation plate to the top of the boat's transom.
- the handling characteristics of the boat deteriorate - the same applies to a non-optimal trim. Due to the design, which is essentially independent of the shaft length, the drive system can be used more easily, i.e. without major design changes, in a wide variety of boat types.
- the at least one torque transmission device in particular both torque transmission devices, is/are arranged at least in sections in an underwater shaft which has two spaced, in particular fin-like, sections, wherein an opening is formed between the sections.
- the underwater shaft is designed to be watertight, which makes it easier to protect components of the drive system from moisture.
- At least one coolant channel or a coolant passage is arranged in at least one of the two sections, preferably in both sections, of the shaft. Flow-induced cooling without an impeller pump can thus be made possible by taking up cooling water from the water being traveled on while driving and supplying it to the components to be cooled, such as the electric motors or the electronic device, via the at least one coolant channel .
- the drive system can be integrated into just one overall housing, in which an electronic device is also arranged in addition to the electric motors, ie a separate housing for the electric motors or the electronic device can be dispensed with.
- an electronic device is also arranged in addition to the electric motors, ie a separate housing for the electric motors or the electronic device can be dispensed with.
- these components can be protected against condensation.
- the omission of further housings makes it possible for the electric motors to have a laminated core which is inserted directly into the housing.
- overall housing is integrated and/or that the electronic device is arranged directly adjacent to the overall housing.
- the cooling can be improved or structurally simplified, since heat-generating components are arranged directly adjacent to the outer wall of the drive system that comes into contact with water or is washed around by it, or an inner wall that is in direct thermally conductive contact with this outer wall can.
- the overall weight of the drive system can also be reduced, which in turn is advantageous with regard to the range of a battery charge.
- the anti-cavitation plate is part of the overall housing and that the electronic device is arranged directly on the anti-cavitation plate.
- rotor shafts are designed as hollow shafts and can therefore be used as coolant channels, in particular to actively cool the rotor or rotors.
- the torque transmission devices have a gear reduction.
- one embodiment of the invention can also provide for one of the two electric motors with its rotor shaft to be replaced by an idler shaft, which means that the drive system can also be used for lower power classes without major conversion can be. If necessary, this can easily be retrofitted later by installing a second electric motor. The number of identical parts can thus be increased for more performance classes.
- a counter-rotating gear is arranged between the propeller shaft and the two electric motors, with which a second propeller can be driven in the opposite direction to the propeller. So can with the drive system according to the invention, the advantages of counter-rotating propellers can also be achieved.
- the cooling of the drive system can be simplified if, according to one embodiment of the invention, at least one coolant duct for pumpless, active stator cooling is arranged in the overall housing.
- the object of the invention is also achieved with an overall housing that has at least one receptacle for directly accommodating at least one electric motor without a housing, in particular at least two electric motors without a housing, with at least one coolant duct or at least one coolant passage for pump-free, active cooling of the electric motor , In particular the stator of the electric motor is formed.
- FIG. 1 shows a boat with a conventional outboard motor and a propulsion system according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows the drive system according to FIG. 2 in an exploded view
- FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through the drive system according to FIG. 2 in an oblique view
- FIG. 6 shows a cross section through an embodiment variant of the drive system
- FIG. 7 shows a cross section through a further embodiment variant of the drive system
- FIG. 8 shows the representation of a coolant course of an embodiment variant of the drive system in a view from the front
- FIG 9 shows the representation of a coolant course of an embodiment variant of the drive system in a side view.
- a boat 1 is shown.
- the boat 1 is equipped with a drive system 2 according to the invention.
- a conventional drive 3 with a petrol engine is also shown for comparison. It should be pointed out, however, that its representation is only for comparison purposes. In the preferred embodiment variant, however, the boat 1 exclusively has the drive system 2 as a motor.
- the boat 1 is in particular a motor boat, preferably a planing boat or semi-planing boat.
- the propulsion system 2 can also be used in a displacement boat.
- Another type of boat, such as a sailing boat, can also be equipped with the propulsion system 2 .
- the drive system 2 can also be used in other areas, for example in a drive for a vehicle or a machine outside the water, for example a land vehicle or a construction machine.
- the drive system 2 can also be used in an airplane or a zeppelin, etc.
- the preferred application of the drive system 2 is as an outboard motor for a boat 1. Due to its compactness, however, the drive system 2 can also be installed relatively easily in a boat that is intended for an inboard motor instead of the Z drive.
- FIG. 1 shows the difference in size between the conventional drive 3 and the drive system 2 according to the invention.
- the drive system 2 is significantly smaller and more compact than the conventional drive 3. This makes it possible, for example, to install the drive system 2 below a bathing platform 4 indicated by dashed lines.
- FIGS. 2 shows the drive system 2 in the assembled state and FIG. 3 shows an exploded view thereof, with screws, etc., not being shown in FIG. 3 to improve clarity.
- the drive system 2 can therefore have more than the components shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 for understanding the invention.
- the drive system 2 comprises two electric motors 5, each of which is arranged on a rotor shaft 6, a propeller 7 (also referred to as a ship's propeller), which is non-rotatably connected to a propeller shaft 8 (also referred to as a propeller axis, especially when two counter-rotating Propeller 7 are arranged) is connected, as well as two torque transmission devices 9, each of the two rotor shafts 6 of the two electric motors 5 being connected to at least one torque transmission device 9.
- both rotor shafts 6 are connected to each of the two torque transmission devices 9 .
- the arrangement of two torque transmission devices 9 is advantageous with regard to the redundancy of the system.
- the at least two electric motors 5 can also be connected to the propeller shaft 8 with only a single torque transmission device 9 .
- the following explanations regarding the torque transmission devices 9 can therefore be transferred to the embodiment of the drive system 2 with only one torque transmission device 9 in an appropriately adapted manner.
- the at least two electric motors 5 can also only be connected to the propeller shaft 8 with a (toothed) belt as a torque transmission device 9 . It is possible that when only one torque transmission device 9 is arranged, it is designed wider (in the axial direction) than a torque transmission device 9 in an embodiment with two torque transmission devices 9, for example the width that the im Having two torque transmission devices 9 described below together.
- the electric motors 5 each have a rotor 10 connected in a torque-proof manner to the respective rotor shaft 6 and a stator 11 surrounding the rotor, the stators 11 each having a laminated core with windings.
- any suitable electric motor 5 can be used in the drive system 2 .
- electric motors 5 are preferably used, which each have a continuous output of at least 40 kW, in particular at least 50 kW. It is further preferred if the electric motors 5 each have a laminated core with a maximum diameter of 200 mm, in particular a maximum of 170 mm, for example between 100 mm and 170 mm.
- the length of the electric motors 5 can be between 250 mm and 400 mm, for example. In relation to the overall length, a higher continuous output of the drive system 2 can thus be achieved.
- the winding of the stators 11 can be a conventional wire winding, for example.
- a hairpin winding or an I-pin winding is used, with which a relatively high copper filling factor of the winding slots 12 of the laminated cores, which are open in the direction of the respective rotor 10, and thus a relatively high degree of efficiency can be achieved.
- the winding slots 12 can, for example, have a rectangular, a trapezoidal, etc., cross section.
- the electric motors 5 are squirrel-cage rotors (asynchronous machines), in particular in connection with hairpin or I-pin windings of the stators 11.
- the electric motors 5 can be operated with alternating current at a maximum frequency of 1000 Hz, preferably a maximum of 500 Hz, in particular a maximum frequency of between 200 Hz and 600 Hz.
- the electric motors 5 preferably have no permanent magnets, so that the drive system 2 can only have asynchronous motors.
- the electric motors 5 are not arranged in a separate housing, but instead are integrated directly into an overall housing 13 of the drive system 2 according to an embodiment variant of the drive system 2 .
- the overall housing 13, the outer re shell of the drive system 2 forms at least partially, can also have 5 receptacles 14 for the arrangement of the electric motors, which can in particular have a circular cross section.
- These receptacles 14 are preferably formed in one piece with the overall housing 13 or a part of the overall housing 13, such as a receiving part 15 for the electric motors 5.
- the overall housing 13 or the metallic components of the overall housing 13 are preferably cast parts. However, they can also be manufactured differently, for example by means of 3D printing.
- the direct integration of the electric motors 5 (of the laminated core of the stators 12) into the overall housing 13 enables an improved thermal connection of the electric motors 5 to the overall housing 13 and thus improved cooling of the electric motors 5 by dissipating at least part of the heat generated during operation over the overall housing 13, which is at least partially in direct contact with the water in which the boat 1 is operated.
- dispensing with an additional housing for the electric motors 5 makes it possible to reduce the weight and size of the drive system 2, which means that, among other things, the range of the electric drive can also be increased.
- the electric motors 5 can be installed vertically. However, they are preferably installed horizontally, i.e. in a horizontal position, as can be seen in Fig. 3.
- the electric motors 5, i.e. the rotor shafts 6, are preferably arranged with their longitudinal extension (in the axial direction) parallel to the propeller shaft 8 in the drive system 2, in order to reduce the overall height of the drive system 2 on the one hand and, on the other hand, to improve the transmission if necessary of the torque from the electric motors 5 to the propeller 7 or the propeller shaft 8.
- Fig. 3 Although only two electric motors 5 are shown in Fig. 3, according to one embodiment variant of the drive system 2 it can be provided that more than one electric motor 5 is arranged on at least one of the two rotor shafts 6, in particular on both rotor shafts 6, as is shown in Fig. 5 is shown in outline. In this way, for example, two or more electric motors 5 can be arranged one behind the other (in series) in the axial direction on one or on both rotor shaft(s) 6 . It should be pointed out at this point that not only two electric motors 5 can be arranged parallel to one another, but also more than two, for example three or four, etc.
- parallel is not necessarily to be understood geometrically here, but in particular in particular with regard to the increase in performance of the drive system 2.
- the invention provides that both electric motors 5 (and thus also the torque transmission device 9 or, in the case of two torque transmission devices 9, these two too) with the same Propeller shaft 8, ie performance-enhancing, are connected.
- more than two (“parallel") electric motors 5 more than two propeller shafts 8 and also more than two propellers 7 can be present, as long as the condition is met that at least two electric motors 5 in the sense of the invention can be used to increase performance with only one of the several propeller shafts 8 are connected.
- at least two electric motors 5 can each be connected in a power-transmitting manner to one of the several propeller shafts.
- the boat 1 or, in general, the vehicle can have more than one drive system 2 according to the invention, for example two or three, etc., with the multiple drive systems 2 also enabling an increase in performance for the boat 1 or the vehicle.
- the drive system 2 has two propellers rotating in opposite directions, e. and a duoprop gear or a counter-rotating gear is arranged on the two counter-rotating, concentric propellers 7 .
- the counter-rotating gear can also be designed, for example, by means of an angular gear with several bevel gears.
- the torque transmission devices 9 can be designed as gear drives.
- one gear wheel or two gear wheels can be arranged on the rotor shaft 6 and secured against rotation on the propeller shaft 8 .
- Intermediate gears can also be arranged between these gears.
- the gear mechanism of the drive system 2 can be designed as a planetary mechanism.
- the torque transmission devices 9 are preferably designed as belt drives, for example with a chain or a belt, or they have them.
- the torque transmission devices 9 toothed belts are particularly preferred men 16 or have them, as can be seen from FIG. 3 and better from FIG. 4, which shows a section through an embodiment variant of the drive system 2.
- belt drives in particular the toothed belt drives, oil-free and maintenance-free torque transmission devices 9 can be provided, with which the operating costs of the drive system 2 can be reduced. In addition, wear and tear can thus be reduced.
- anti-twist pulleys can be provided.
- a belt wheel or two belt wheels can be provided on each of the rotor shafts 6 (with two belts, both of which are operatively connected to each rotor shaft 6) and a two-track belt wheel or two belt wheels can be provided on the propeller shaft 8.
- the pulleys can be provided with a rim to prevent the belts from slipping off. It is also possible to form the pulleys in one piece with the shafts, for example as a cast or sintered component.
- the propeller shaft 8 can accordingly also have only one pulley.
- the belts can act directly on the rotor shafts 6 and/or the propeller shaft 8. If necessary, flanged wheels can also be provided, which are arranged on the shafts.
- toothed belts 16 are used, provision can preferably be made for the surfaces of the rotor shafts 6 and/or the propeller shaft 8 to be provided with teeth in the area where the toothed belt 16/the toothed belts 16 rest, as is shown by the embodiment variant of Drive system 2 of FIG. 6 can be seen.
- the two rotor shafts 6 have teeth 17 on the surface 18 and the propeller shaft 8 has teeth 19 on the surface 29 , the two toothed belts 16 engaging in the teeth 19 of the propeller shaft 8 .
- the formation of the toothing 17 on the surface 18 of the rotor shaft 6 and/or a toothing on the propeller shaft 8 has the advantage that the drive system 2 has fewer components and thus has less weight.
- the reduction it is easier to achieve a gear reduction, since a very small diameter of the toothed belt drive can be achieved on the rotor shaft 6, which consequently also allows a smaller diameter of the toothed belt drive on the propeller shaft 8 (applies to belt drives of the drive system in general).
- the reduction it is possible to adapt the propeller speed of the drive system 2 more easily to propellers 7 that are different in terms of shape, geometry, size, etc.
- the reduction can, for example, reduce an engine speed between 5000 rpm and 7000 rpm to a propeller speed between 3000 rpm and 5000 rpm.
- this information is only to be understood as an example.
- the toothing on the surfaces of the rotor shafts 6 and/or propeller shaft 8 can be formed by machining, for example by milling, but also by other methods, e.g. by pressing, etc.
- a belt pulley 21 is provided in the embodiment variant according to FIG.
- At least one additional gear ratio is also possible for at least one additional gear ratio to be provided via a countershaft gear, which is arranged between the electric motors 5 (and the propeller shaft 8), in order to also increase the variability of the drive system 2 with regard to high-speed concepts reach.
- the torque transmission devices 9 are also arranged in the overall housing 13 or a part of the overall housing 13, in particular at least partially in an underwater shaft 22 (ie a shaft of the drive system 2 which is under water when installed on the boat 1).
- the underwater shaft 22 can be connected on the one hand to a propeller shaft receiving part 23 and on the other hand to the receiving part 15 for the electric motors 5 of the overall housing 13 .
- the overall housing 13 can also be designed in one piece.
- the propeller shaft receiving part 23 can be formed with the underwater shaft 22 and/or with the receiving part 15 .
- the underwater shaft 22 can be closed on all sides.
- the drive system 2 is preferably formed by or has two spaced-apart, in particular fin-like, sections 24 , an opening 25 being formed between the sections 24 .
- the flow behavior of the drive system 2 can be improved with this embodiment variant, since the water can flow through the opening 25 and the underwater shaft 22 thus forms a lower flow resistance (water displacement).
- One of the sections 24 can be used for the downward movement of the traction means, i.e. in particular the toothed belt 16, in the direction of the propeller shaft 8, and the other section 24 for the upward movement of the traction means, i.e. in particular the toothed belt 16, in the direction of the respective rotor shaft 6 to be used towards.
- the torque transmission devices 9 are designed as or with a traction device, they can have a tensioner integrated into the drive system 2, for example a chain tensioner or in particular a (toothed) belt tensioner 26, preferably back tension rollers.
- the distance can also be adjusted to the diameter of the belt pulley 21 on the propeller shaft 8 with the tensioner. It is possible that the flanged wheels mentioned above are arranged exclusively on the tensioners.
- the rotor shafts 6 and the propeller shaft 8 are mounted on bearings 27, such as plain bearings or preferably ball bearings.
- a fin 28 can be arranged, which is connected to the propeller shaft receiving part 23 in order to improve the flow properties of the drive system 2.
- the drive system 2 also has an electronic device 29 .
- This electronic device 29 includes, in particular, electronic components for controlling and/or regulating the two electric motors 5.
- the electronic device can have at least one converter (inverter for converting the direct voltage supplied by the energy store into an alternating voltage for supplying and regulating the electric motors 5) , Capacitors, transistors, IGBT's, etc. have.
- the electronic device 29 is preferably also arranged in the overall housing 13, in particular in the receiving part 15 for the electric motors 5.
- the electronic device 29 can be arranged between the two electric motors 5 and preferably directly adjacent to a wall of the overall housing, as can be seen in FIG 7, which shows a detail of a further embodiment variant of the drive system 2 from the front and in section.
- the cooling of the electronic device 29 can be improved since the heat can be dissipated via the material of the entire housing 13 and the water wetting it, as has already been described for the electric motors 5 .
- the electronic device 29 can be screwed to the overall housing and/or connected in a form-fitting manner, for example by pressing, and/or with a material connection, for example with a heat-conducting adhesive.
- the drive system 2 has an anti-cavitation plate 30 (also referred to as an anti-ventilation plate).
- the anti-cavitation plate 30 is arranged above the propeller 7 and at a distance from it.
- the electronics device 29 can preferably be arranged directly on the anti-cavitation plate 30 .
- the electric motors 5 can also be arranged on the anti-cavitation plate 30.
- the electric motors 5 can be arranged in the area of the waterline W.
- the waterline W is shown in Fig. 2 for planing (lower waterline Wu) and for displacement (upper waterline Wo).
- the receiving part 15 for the electric motors 5 lies between these two water lines W and is delimited by them.
- the receiving part 15 can also protrude beyond the waterline W for displacement travel.
- Wu corresponds to the normalized transom height and thus the position at (“faster”) gliding.
- the gliding behavior or the cooling behavior can be improved with a height adjustment device by setting the drive system 2 higher or lower relative to the boat 1 .
- the height adjustment device can be integrated into the suspension for the drive system 2 arranged on the boat or be a separate component.
- the height adjustment device can be formed by or comprise two elements whose height position can be adjusted relatively, such as plates. The two elements can be designed to be mutually adjustable, for example by means of a gear drive. Other adjustment drives can also be used.
- the electronics device 29 includes power electronics or power electronics components, such as the IGBTs mentioned. With the help of the electronic device 29 or its control, an improvement in the performance characteristics of the drive system 2 in the partial load range of the electric motors 5 designed as asynchronous motors can be achieved. It is known that asynchronous motors always have poorer part-load efficiency than synchronous motors due to the nature of the system. With the electronic device 29, however, an efficiency of the drive system 2 of more than 90% can be achieved even when using two asynchronous motors. This is made possible on the one hand by the drive with more than one electric motor 5 , in that in the partial load range (lower load range) only one of the two or more electric motors 5 power is called up for torque transmission to the propeller 7 . Because only one of the two or more electric motors 5 is operated in the lower load range, it can be operated in the upper partial load range up to full load, i.e. with more power output per motor than when two electric motors 5 are operated at the same time.
- a field-oriented regulation (vector regulation) is preferably used for the power regulation of the electric motors 5 with efficiency-optimizing master/slave operation of the two or more electric motors 5 .
- At least one asynchronous motor is combined with at least one synchronous motor.
- the regulation can take place in such a way that in the lower power range power is obtained only from the at least one synchronous motor, and that in the upper power range only the at least one asynchronous motor is operated or both the at least one asynchronous motor and the at least one synchronous motor are operated.
- the converters (150 kVA per converter) preferably have a maximum width of 160 mm, in particular between 100 mm and 160 mm. This is made possible by the complete, housing-free integration of IGBTs or power-carrying components (the power electronics) in the overall housing 13 and by the passive component cooling mentioned.
- cooling fins 31 can be arranged on the overall housing.
- the cooling fin 31 shown in FIG. 2 also serves as a splash guard.
- cooling ribs 31 can also be arranged at another point of the overall housing 13, in particular one that is in contact with water, for example on the underside of the overall housing 13.
- An improvement in heat dissipation can also be achieved if the anti-cavitation plate 30 consists of a metal which at 20° C. has a thermal conductivity of at least 40 W/m.K, in particular at least 50 W/m.K.
- the anti-cavitation plate 30 may be made (at least in part) of steel or aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the anti-cavitation plate 30 has a thickness of between 10 mm and 50 mm.
- At least one electric motor 5 or one of the rotor shafts 6 is provided with a freewheel device 32, as indicated by dashed lines in FIG. In this way, at least one of the electric motors 5 can be selectively removed from the power output to the propeller shaft 8 with simple means.
- the freewheel device 32 is preferably a switchable freewheel device 32.
- the arrangement of the (mentioned) heat-generating components of the drive system 2 on the anti-cavitation plate 30 is the preferred one, at least some of these components can also be arranged at other points in the overall housing 13, with sol- areas are preferred which are washed or wetted by water during operation of the drive system 2 in order to enable improved passive cooling for these versions as well. Passive cooling is also possible with air.
- a water inlet opening 33 can be provided in the area of the propeller shaft 8, in particular at its front end, as can be seen from FIG.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 show the design variants of the drive system 2 with active cooling.
- the water entering at the water inlet opening 33 while driving can be conveyed via channels 34 in the direction of the receiving part 15 of the overall housing 13, in particular without a pump, preferably solely due to the applied pressure (dynamic pressure) at the water inlet opening 33.
- the fluid/ Water can be passed on via further channels 35, which are formed, for example, in the walls of the receptacles 14 of the electric motors 5, along the electric motors 5, in order then to leave the overall housing 13 again, for example backwards via a water outlet opening 36 (see also FIG. 3). , and thus to remove absorbed heat from the propulsion system 2.
- the underwater shaft 22 described ie the two sections 24 which are used to at least partially accommodate the torque transmission devices 9, are preferably designed to be watertight in order to simplify the housingless integration of electronic components or the electric motors in the drive system 2.
- at least one membrane for example a PTFE membrane, or at least one pressure compensation device can be provided on/in the overall housing 13 in order to dissipate moisture from the interior of the overall housing 13 to the outside, but at the same time prevent water from entering the overall housing 13 at these points.
- the rotor shafts 6 can be designed as hollow shafts for cooling, so that a cooling channel 37, possibly an additional one, can be formed within the rotor shafts 6, as is also shown in FIGS 9 is shown.
- the water supply or the supply of coolant can also take place via the optionally additional water inlet openings 38 which are preferably arranged below the anti-cavitation plate 30 .
- the coolant can exit via the water outlet opening 36 (or another water outlet opening).
- the interior of the electric motors 5 and/or the area in which the electronic device 29 can be arranged can be sealed off with a cover plate 39 (see FIG. 3). Between this closing plate 39, into or through which the rotor shafts 6 can also protrude or through, and a closing cover 40, which has the water outlet opening 36, a volume for receiving the coolant from the cooling channel 37 to be provided.
- a cladding profile 41 can also be arranged on the overall housing 13 at the front end of the drive system 2 in order to improve the flow behavior of the drive system 2 .
- At least two electric motors 5 can be installed, but also two electronic devices 29, with which the circuits can also be configured redundantly.
- Various precautions can be taken to improve the robustness of the electronic system, in particular the electronic device 29, such as spring contacts instead of solder contacts, in order to reduce the risk of breakage at connection points.
- the drive system 2 can be divided into an upper part 42, a middle part 43 having the underwater shaft 22, and an underwater part 44.
- the middle part 43 also protrudes into the water.
- the underwater part 44 is defined by the propeller shaft 8 and the propeller 7 .
- the receiving part 15 for the electric motors 5 belongs to the middle part 43.
- the upper part 42 which can be flow-optimized, can have a receiving area 45 for the arrangement of a fastening device 46 shown in FIG.
- the invention therefore relates in particular to a new concept for an outboard drive for a boat 1.
- This concept preferably integrates the complete drive unit at the level of the anti-ventilation plate in the form of a buoyancy body in order to achieve direct cooling and a compact, modular and, above all, boat-independent construction .
- Boat-independent construction essentially means boat types that are designed for inboard drives with a Z-gear, as well as all boat types for outboard drives. With the latter type of boat, you also get the advantage of easy adjustment to the different transom heights, since the drive unit is not integrated in the upper part.
- the drive system 2 low center of gravity; more compact, lighter and essentially shaft length-independent construction; simpler or direct cooling system can be implemented;
- the buoyancy body also assumes a function similar to that of hydrofoils, with which the boat 1 reaches planing mode more quickly and more easily;
- the buoyancy body also serves as a protective body in the event of access from above;
- the drive system 2 is integrated in the waterline W, which means that usable space for a bathing platform 4 can be achieved.
- the propeller 7 can be designed as a traction propeller or pusher propeller.
- the propulsion system 2 Compared to inboard systems with a Z-gear, the propulsion system 2 has the advantage of simpler assembly, less weight (omission of the entire Z-gear, integrated construction, etc.), an easily realizable vertical adjustment function of the drive, a lift function with inboard, less Running noises and vibrations in the boat 1, more storage space in the boat 1 or more space for accumulators, and a simpler or direct cooling system can be implemented.
- the cooling of the drive system 2 can optionally be carried out entirely without pumps, ie in particular also without the usual impeller pumps, as a result of which the drive system 2 can have fewer wearing parts.
- the system is very fail-safe.
- the drive system 2 combines the classic advantages of an outboard motor, such as maneuverability (steered propeller 7) and ease of installation, which also takes over the trimming, and can combine these with various advantages of a Z-drive, such as the low center of gravity. Due to the omission of the upper part of commercially available outboard motors, additional usable space is created in the rear area.
- the drive system 2 can also be used on boats 1 that are structurally designed for Z drives (inboard drive + Z gear).
- boats 1 with inboard drive and Z-gear there is enough space in the hull to install the accumulators instead of the engine and the tank. This place is also particularly suitable in terms of weight distribution. Since the drive system 2 is outside compared to the Z-drive, the boat 1 generates less running noise or vibrations.
- the overall system can also have a throttle lever to regulate the feed, a central control element/display element for the user, a higher-level control for the evaluation of the data generated and as a central interface to the components of the boat 1/the vehicle , And especially an energy store, such as preferably an accumulator include.
- the energy store can be a high voltage storage.
- the energy store can be designed to provide a direct voltage of 400 V.
- another energy supply can also be integrated, for example a fuel cell or a methanol generator.
- PV modules for the energy supply of controls and regulations can also be replaced.
- the at least one torque transmission device 9 can also take over the power coupling of the electric motors 5 and the reduction function and structural configurations of the underwater part or underwater shaft 22 in order to improve the hydrodynamic properties and the wear properties.
- the exemplary embodiments show or describe possible embodiment variants of the drive system 2, it being noted at this point that combinations of the individual embodiment variants with one another are also possible. Furthermore, individual features of the embodiment variants described or shown can represent an independent invention.
- a drive system 2 in particular for a boat 1, comprising one, two or more than two electric motors 5 with, in particular each, a rotor shaft 6, further comprising at least one propeller 7, a propeller shaft 8, the propeller 7 on the propeller shaft 8 is arranged, and one or two torque
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP22723969.6A EP4337525A1 (de) | 2021-05-14 | 2022-05-07 | Antriebsystem |
CA3219954A CA3219954A1 (en) | 2021-05-14 | 2022-05-07 | Drive system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ATA50373/2021A AT525141B1 (de) | 2021-05-14 | 2021-05-14 | Antriebsystem |
ATA50373/2021 | 2021-05-14 |
Publications (1)
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WO2022236352A1 true WO2022236352A1 (de) | 2022-11-17 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/AT2022/060161 WO2022236352A1 (de) | 2021-05-14 | 2022-05-07 | Antriebsystem |
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EP (1) | EP4337525A1 (de) |
AT (1) | AT525141B1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA3219954A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022236352A1 (de) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3951096A (en) * | 1974-03-14 | 1976-04-20 | Dunlap Clifford E | Marine drive system |
US4869692A (en) * | 1988-09-15 | 1989-09-26 | Brunswick Corporation | Outboard marine propulsion system including a chain drive mechanism |
US4925413A (en) * | 1988-09-15 | 1990-05-15 | Brunswick Corporation | Stern drive marine propulsion system including a chain drive mechanism |
US20120208661A1 (en) * | 2011-02-15 | 2012-08-16 | LTS Marine Inc. | Gearbox for Electric Motors |
EP3225533A1 (de) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-04 | VOLTA BOATS GmbH | Propellersystem für ein wasserfahrzeug |
US20180079477A1 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2018-03-22 | Charles BAUMBERGER | Propulsion system for a boat |
EP3590821A1 (de) | 2018-07-05 | 2020-01-08 | Cimco Marine AB | Aussenbordmotor |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2449595A1 (de) * | 1974-10-18 | 1976-04-29 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Aussenbordantriebsaggregat |
DE7827995U1 (de) * | 1977-12-07 | 1979-01-11 | (Sowjetunion) | Antriebsvorrichtung fuer wasserfahrzeuge |
FI95451C (fi) * | 1992-12-22 | 1996-02-12 | Abb Stroemberg Drives Oy | Potkurikäyttöjärjestelmä |
FR2823177B1 (fr) * | 2001-04-10 | 2004-01-30 | Technicatome | Systeme de refrigeration pour le propulseur immerge de navire, externe a la coque |
DE10158870A1 (de) * | 2001-11-14 | 2003-05-22 | Bosch Rexroth Ag | Redundante elektrische Antriebsvorrichtung, insbesondere zum Antrieb eines Ruders an einem Schiff |
SE1550490A1 (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2016-10-25 | Effective Mfg Sweden Ab | Boat thruster transmission unit, thruster drive unit, thruster assembly and boat |
RU2622175C1 (ru) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-13 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-инженерная компания "Объектные системы автоматики" (ООО "НИК "ОСА") | Электромеханический привод гребного винта судна |
-
2021
- 2021-05-14 AT ATA50373/2021A patent/AT525141B1/de active
-
2022
- 2022-05-07 WO PCT/AT2022/060161 patent/WO2022236352A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-05-07 CA CA3219954A patent/CA3219954A1/en active Pending
- 2022-05-07 EP EP22723969.6A patent/EP4337525A1/de active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3951096A (en) * | 1974-03-14 | 1976-04-20 | Dunlap Clifford E | Marine drive system |
US4869692A (en) * | 1988-09-15 | 1989-09-26 | Brunswick Corporation | Outboard marine propulsion system including a chain drive mechanism |
US4925413A (en) * | 1988-09-15 | 1990-05-15 | Brunswick Corporation | Stern drive marine propulsion system including a chain drive mechanism |
US20120208661A1 (en) * | 2011-02-15 | 2012-08-16 | LTS Marine Inc. | Gearbox for Electric Motors |
US20180079477A1 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2018-03-22 | Charles BAUMBERGER | Propulsion system for a boat |
EP3225533A1 (de) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-04 | VOLTA BOATS GmbH | Propellersystem für ein wasserfahrzeug |
EP3590821A1 (de) | 2018-07-05 | 2020-01-08 | Cimco Marine AB | Aussenbordmotor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP4337525A1 (de) | 2024-03-20 |
AT525141B1 (de) | 2022-12-15 |
AT525141A1 (de) | 2022-11-15 |
CA3219954A1 (en) | 2022-11-17 |
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