WO2022235149A1 - Structure composée d'une pluralité de feuilles - Google Patents

Structure composée d'une pluralité de feuilles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022235149A1
WO2022235149A1 PCT/NL2021/050288 NL2021050288W WO2022235149A1 WO 2022235149 A1 WO2022235149 A1 WO 2022235149A1 NL 2021050288 W NL2021050288 W NL 2021050288W WO 2022235149 A1 WO2022235149 A1 WO 2022235149A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lateral
medial
flap
flaps
strip
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2021/050288
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Johannes Hendricus Alphonsus Peeters
Original Assignee
InfraCore IP B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by InfraCore IP B.V. filed Critical InfraCore IP B.V.
Priority to PCT/NL2021/050288 priority Critical patent/WO2022235149A1/fr
Publication of WO2022235149A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022235149A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/001—Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/02—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material
    • B29C63/04—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/086—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of pure plastics material, e.g. foam layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/302—Details of the edges of fibre composites, e.g. edge finishing or means to avoid delamination
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/304—In-plane lamination by juxtaposing or interleaving of plies, e.g. scarf joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/70—Completely encapsulating inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/86—Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding
    • B29C70/865—Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding completely encapsulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D24/00—Producing articles with hollow walls
    • B29D24/002—Producing articles with hollow walls formed with structures, e.g. cores placed between two plates or sheets, e.g. partially filled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D24/00—Producing articles with hollow walls
    • B29D24/002—Producing articles with hollow walls formed with structures, e.g. cores placed between two plates or sheets, e.g. partially filled
    • B29D24/008—Producing articles with hollow walls formed with structures, e.g. cores placed between two plates or sheets, e.g. partially filled the structure having hollow ridges, ribs or cores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/001—Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings
    • B29D99/0021—Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings provided with plain or filled structures, e.g. cores, placed between two or more plates or sheets, e.g. in a matrix
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
    • B29C37/0078—Measures or configurations for obtaining anchoring effects in the contact areas between layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/36—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles
    • B29C53/38—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2007/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
    • B29L2007/002—Panels; Plates; Sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/10—Building elements, e.g. bricks, blocks, tiles, panels, posts, beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2603/00—Vanes, blades, propellers, rotors with blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/18—Aircraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to plate-shaped structures, such as panels and aerofoils. Furthermore, the invention relates to methods for producing such a structure, and to a composite construction which includes such a structure.
  • Buildings and infrastructure typically include panels, boards, slabs or other plate-shaped elements that are designed to sustain high mechanical loads. Such plate-shaped elements have good structural integrity, and preferably a low weight.
  • a bridge deck for instance, has to be sufficiently strong to carry the combined weight of the bridge and the traffic it supports, and should have a robust deck surface that stays intact when subjected to changing traffic loads, to impact from falling objects, as well as to weather influences.
  • Patent publication WO2010/008293 A2 describes a composite panel formed of a plurality of core elements that are placed in a parallel arrangement, and which are interconnected via strips made of fibre material that extend in-between the core elements and continue above and below the core elements in an overlapping manner to form outer skins.
  • the material strips are fixed by a cured resin that is applied via resin transfer moulding (RTM) techniques.
  • RTM resin transfer moulding
  • Patent publication WO2016/085336A1 describes a pultrusion and autoclave technique for forming a semi-finished panel structure from overlapping sheets. These sheets are folded around shaping elements and cured in a continuous manner. No core elements are present in the resulting semi-finished structure, and the spaces enclosed between the overlapping sheets remain void.
  • a plate-shaped structure composed of a plurality of sheets arranged in a sequence and attached to each other.
  • the plate-shaped structure defines first and second surfaces that extend predominantly in first and second directions and are located on opposite sides of the structure with respect to a third direction.
  • the structure further defines a side surface facing towards the first direction.
  • Each respective sheet defines a first lateral strip, a second lateral strip, and a medial strip.
  • the first lateral strip extends predominantly in the first and second directions at or near the first surface, whereas the second lateral strip extends predominantly in the first and second directions at or near the second surface.
  • the medial strip extends along the third direction through the structure, and forms an interconnection between the first and second lateral strips.
  • the sheets are arranged in a mutually overlapping sequence, such that first lateral strips of adjacent sheets mutually overlap, second lateral strips of adjacent sheets mutually overlap, and medial strips of adjacent sheets are mutually separated (interspaced) along the second direction by non-zero spacing distances.
  • At least two sheets further define respective flaps. Each respective flap forms an extension of one of the medial strip, the first lateral strip, and the second lateral strip of the corresponding sheet. These flaps extend predominantly in the second and third directions and overlap each other along the side surface of the structure.
  • sheet is used herein to refer to a piece of material that is very thin in comparison to its length and width dimensions e.g. by at least two orders of magnitude. Each such sheet is pre-formed into a self-supporting three-dimensional surface shape with several distinct flat regions (e.g. by casting or moulding), or can be formed from a planar sheet blank into a developable surface with such distinct flat regions (e.g. via cutting, folding, bending, and/or rolling).
  • the sheets may be composed of various materials, which may be initially rigid but plastically deformable to allow the sheet to be folded along folding lines when subjected to sufficient forces, but leaving other regions of the sheet dimensionally stable.
  • initially rigid sheet materials may consist essentially of aluminium sheet material, steel sheet material, thermoplastic sheet material, or the like.
  • the sheet material may be flexible initially (prior to forming the structure), to allow bending or folding into a three-dimensional surface configuration.
  • Initially flexible sheet material may for example consist essentially of a fabric (e.g. a web, mesh, or mat) of fibre material, which may for instance be composed of continuous fibers (e.g. as mono-filament fibers, or yarns/twines of fibers) that are interlocked/interlaced and extending with their direction of elongation predominantly along sheet surface.
  • the manufacturing of such a fibre mat structure should involve a hardening stage in which the sheets are settled in essentially fixed orientations within the resulting structure.
  • Such a hardening stage may for instance include impregnation of the fibre sheets by a liquid resin, followed by curing of the resin to form a rigid matrix in which the fibres are embedded. Impregnation of the sheet arrangement may for example occur via vacuum assisted resin infusion moulding (RIM) or resin transfer moulding (RTM) techniques.
  • the individual sheets may be impregnated and shaped in advance (“prepreg sheets"), followed by stacking and bonding of the sheets to form a desired profile.
  • the sheets may be impregnated directly prior to the arrangement of the sheets into the desired profile e.g. via an immersion bath.
  • composite constructions with both initially rigid sheets and initially flexible sheets may be used, for example glass reinforced aluminium laminate structures.
  • first lateral strip refers herein to distinct strip-shaped portions of a respective sheet that are identifiable once the sheet has assumed its three-dimensional surface shape. These particular strips are not isolated bands of sheet material, but are interconnected along edges to form a continuous sheet that extends as a surface shape in three dimensions. The medial strip continues along one of its edges via a first bending/folding line into the first lateral strip, and continues on an opposite edge via a second bending/folding line into the second lateral strip. [0009] Similarly, the term “flap” refers to another part of the sheet once it has assumed its three-dimensional surface shape.
  • the flaps cover (at least part of) the side surface of the plateshaped structure, this side surface being associated with the face end (crosscut) surfaces of the core elements or voids enclosed inside the structure.
  • the mutual overlap between the flaps reinforces this side surface, thereby increasing the structure's resistance to tensile/torsional loads acting along this side surface.
  • the overlapping flaps may further allow the face end sides of the core elements or voids to be sealed by the same sheets that also form the structure, so that dust or moisture are prevented from entering the structure.
  • Selective ones or all of the strips may define respective flaps.
  • the flaps may be conceptually grouped into one, two, or three overlapping sequences, depending on whether these flaps are present on one, two, or all three of the strips. All of the sheets or only selected ones of the sheets in the structure may define such flaps. For instance, all of the sheets may define only a medial flap, or only first and second lateral flaps.
  • flaps may alternate along consecutive sheets, for instance in a periodically alternating pattern such as "sheet with one flap - next sheet with no flap - next sheet with one flap - etc.” or such as "sheet with first lateral flap - next sheet with second lateral flap - next sheet with medial flap - etc.”.
  • Overlapping flaps are preferably mechanically attached to each other. Each flap preferably overlaps and is attached to at least two flaps of adjacent sheets (either directly, or indirectly via another interposed flap).
  • overlap and the phrase "A overlaps (with) B" are used herein to indicate that part or all of object A extends over and covers at least a part or all of object B.
  • the expression “A overlaps (with) B in/along direction Q” is used herein to indicate that A extends in the above-mentioned manner over part or all of B along the Q-direction.
  • object A (partly) covers object B if viewed along at least one direction perpendicular to Q.
  • the overlap of objects A and B may but does not necessarily imply that A and B are in direct physical contact.
  • the overlap defines a reciprocal spatial relation, in that "A overlaps B" also implies that "B overlaps A”.
  • the flaps include medial flaps.
  • a respective medial flap forms an extension of the medial strip of the corresponding sheet.
  • the medial flaps may be folded towards the second direction to overlap each other and form an imbricated sequence along the side surface of the structure.
  • the term "imbricated” refers herein to a collection of overlapping objects that is stacked in a repetitive sequence, in which the trailing end of one object is overlapping the leading end of the next object, similar to roof tiles.
  • the resulting medial flaps may for example form an obliquely layered sequence of overlapping flaps, in which the flaps are slightly tilted relative to the side surface.
  • a respective medial flap extends in the second direction over a length Lmf that is at least three times the spacing distance DU between the medial strips, i.e. Lmf > 3 DU, so that the medial flap overlaps at least two adjacent medial flaps of adjacent sheets.
  • all medial flaps of the structure may extend over lengths of at least three times the medial strip interspacing distance.
  • the flap overlap may for example include four to six layers, to obtain a good balance between strength and manufacturing complexity of the structure.
  • the overlapping medial flaps of adjacent sheets form an obliquely imbricated sequence, in which each medial flap is tilted about a rotation axis in the vertical direction and outwards with respect to the side surface, at a tilt angle ym in a range 0° ⁇ ym ⁇ 5° towards the first direction.
  • the tilt angle ym may for instance be in a range of 0° ⁇ ym ⁇ 2°.
  • the flaps may include first lateral flaps and/or second lateral flaps, alternative or in addition to the medial flaps.
  • a respective first lateral flap forms an extension of the first lateral strip of the corresponding sheet. These first lateral flaps are folded towards the third direction to overlap each other and form a first imbricated sequence along the side surface of the structure.
  • a respective second lateral flap forms an extension of the second lateral strip of the corresponding sheet. These second lateral flaps are folded towards the third direction to overlap each other and form a second imbricated sequence along the side surface of the structure.
  • first lateral flaps may adjoin the second lateral flaps in a non-overlapping manner, such that their two common edges extend in the second direction along a seamline across the side surface.
  • the second lateral flaps of adjacent sheets may overlap such as to form a second obliquely imbricated sequence.
  • Each second lateral flap may be tilted about a rotation axis in the vertical direction and outwards with respect to the side surface towards the first direction, at a second tilt angle y2 in a range 0° ⁇ y2 ⁇ 5°.
  • the second lateral flap of a respective sheet may directly overlap the medial flap of the same sheet, such that the second flaps and the medial flaps overlap each other in an alternating manner.
  • the second lateral flap may overlap only a second portion of the medial flap without covering a first portion of the medial flap.
  • the first portion may be tilted about the rotation axis in the vertical direction and outwards with respect to the side surface, at the tilt angle ym, whereas the second portion and second lateral flap are jointly tilted outwards with respect to the side surface, at the second tilt angle y2 that exceeds the tilt angle ym.
  • the second tilt angle y2 may for instance be in a range ym ⁇ y2 ⁇ 5°.
  • the overlapping first lateral flaps of adjacent sheets may overlap such as to form a first obliquely imbricated sequence.
  • Each first lateral flap may be tilted about a rotation axis in the vertical direction and outwards with respect to the side surface, at a first tilt angle y1 in a range -5° ⁇ y1 ⁇ 0°.
  • the first tilt angle may be in a range -2° ⁇ y1 ⁇ 0°.
  • each first lateral flap may be displaced outwards along the first direction over at least a distance relative to the medial flap of the corresponding sheet.
  • the entire first imbricated sequence of first lateral flaps may cover the entire imbricated sequence of medial flaps along the side surface. This yields a smoother arrangement of overlapping flaps on the side surface, and an improved tensile load capacity.
  • the sheets are arranged to form a sequence of Z-shaped sheets, when viewed in cross-sectional planes along the second and third directions.
  • the first lateral strips mutually overlap and extend in a negative second direction along the first surface
  • the second lateral strips mutually overlap and extend in a positive second direction along the second surface
  • the medial strips extend through the structure and each interconnecting respective first and second lateral strips of the corresponding sheet.
  • the sheets additionally include mutually overlapping flaps along the side surface, which may help to improve the strength of the structure. It should be understood that the various Z-shaped arrangements may be formed based on either a right-handed or a left-handed coordinate system.
  • the sheets are arranged to form a sequence of U-shaped (P-shaped) sheets, when viewed in cross-sectional YZ-planes.
  • the first lateral strips mutually overlap and extend towards a positive second direction along the first surface of the structure
  • the second lateral strips mutually overlap and extend towards the positive second direction along the second surface of the structure
  • the medial strips extend through the structure and interconnect respective first and second lateral strips.
  • U-shaped sheet arrangements can also be found in document W02010/008293A2. In the present embodiments, however, the sheets additionally include mutually overlapping flaps along the side surface. Again, it should be understood that the U- shaped arrangements may be formed based on either a right-handed or a left-handed coordinate system.
  • the first lateral flap may overlap the medial flap of the same sheet (U-shaped arrangement) or overlap the medial flap of the preceding sheet (Z-shaped arrangement).
  • the second lateral flap may overlap the medial flap of the same sheet (in both U- and Z-shaped arrangements).
  • a height of the medial flap equals a height of the medial strip.
  • a width of the first lateral flap may equal a width of the first lateral strip.
  • a width of the second lateral flap may equal a width of the second lateral strip.
  • a length of the medial flap may equal a width of the first lateral flap or of the second lateral flap.
  • the combined lengths of the first lateral flap and the second lateral flap along the third direction are approximately equal to the height of the medial strip along the third direction.
  • the length of the first lateral flap may be equal to a length of the second lateral flap.
  • this length is about half the height of the medial strip.
  • the spaces within the structure that are enclosed by the medial strips from the second directions, by the first and second lateral strips from the third directions, and by the flaps from the first direction may remain void in order to reduce overall weight of the structure.
  • the spaces may accommodate core elements to improve the mechanical integrity of the structure or to facilitate its fabrication.
  • the elements are arranged in a sequence along the second direction and mutually parallel along the first direction, whereas the medial strip of each sheet is sandwiched between two adjacent core elements.
  • the first lateral strip of each sheet may extend across first core sides that are located near the first surface and face towards the positive third direction, whereas the second lateral strip of each sheet may extend across second core sides that are located near the second surface and face towards the negative third direction.
  • each first and second lateral strip extends across at least three consecutive core elements.
  • the core elements may for instance be shaped as geometric prisms having polygonal cross-sectional shapes.
  • the cross-sectional shapes may for instance be triangular, quadrilateral, pentagonal, or hexagonal shapes, and are preferably triangular or rectangular.
  • the arrangements of overlapping flaps in accordance with the first aspect may be similarly applied on an opposite side surface of the structure, viewed along the first direction.
  • This overlapping flap arrangement on the opposite side surface may be an identical mirror-image of the overlapping flap arrangement of the side surface relative to a central YZ-plane, but may also differ from that flap arrangement.
  • the plate-shaped structure may be substantially flat along the third direction, or may have a concave shape with (possibly smooth) curvature(s) in the third direction as a function along the first and/or second directions.
  • the term "plate-shaped structure” refers herein to a self-supporting structural element having main surfaces that extend in two transverse directions and that predominantly face towards mutually opposite third directions, and having a thickness defined along the third direction and between the main surfaces that is considerably smaller than its transverse dimensions.
  • the two main surfaces may be flat, like in a rectangular cuboid panel or board.
  • plate-shaped structures with profiled main surfaces are also contemplated, for instance bridge decks or aero-/hydrofoils with curved main surfaces.
  • the outer peripheral shape of the structure in the transverse directions may differ from a rectangle.
  • Other quadrilateral peripheral shapes e.g. a parallelogram, trapezium, or rhombus
  • more complex peripheral shapes e.g. gradually curved
  • a reinforced construction including a structure according to the first aspect.
  • the construction may for instance be a bridge, a bridge deck, a bulkhead, a lock gate, or a support platform.
  • the construction may be a turbine blade, wing, airscrew, or aerofoil.
  • the construction may further be a rudder blade, ship propeller, or hydrofoil.
  • a third aspect of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing the plate-shaped structures according to the first aspect and its various embodiments.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention relates to a sheet element formed as a self-supporting three-dimensional surface element adapted to be combined with a plurality of similar sheet elements to form a structure according to the first aspect.
  • the sheet defines a first lateral strip, a second lateral strip, and a medial strip.
  • the first and second lateral strips extend predominantly in the first and second directions but at a mutual distance along the third direction.
  • the medial strip extends predominantly along the third direction and interconnects the first and second lateral strips.
  • the sheet further defines at least one flap, which forms an extension of one of: the medial strip, the first lateral strip, and the second lateral strip, and which extends predominantly in the second and third directions.
  • the preformed sheet is adapted to be combined with a plurality of similar shaped sheets into a mutually overlapping sequence to form the structure, such that first lateral strips of adjacent sheets mutually overlap to form a first structure surface, that second lateral strips of adjacent sheets mutually overlap to form a second structure surface that faces away from the first surface, that medial strips of adjacent sheets are interspaced along the second direction by non-zero spacing distances, and that the flaps of subsequent sheets overlap each other along a side surface of the structure facing towards the first direction.
  • the self- supporting sheet element may include any of the features (or combinations thereof) described with reference to embodiments of the first aspect.
  • the first, second, and medial strips of the sheet element may for instance be arranged in a Z-shape.
  • FIG. 1a schematically shows a perspective view of a structure according to an embodiment
  • Figure 1 b schematically shows a perspective cross-sectional view of parts of the structure from figure 1a;
  • Figure 2 schematically shows a side view of the structure from figures 1 a-1 b;
  • Figure 3 schematically shows a perspective view with dimensional indications of parts of the structure from figures 1a-2;
  • Figure 4 schematically shows a perspective view of a sheet and a partial core element in a structure according to another embodiment
  • Figure 5 schematically shows a top view of the structure from figure 4;
  • Figure 6 schematically shows a frontal cross-sectional view of the structure from figures
  • Figure 7 schematically shows a perspective cross-sectional view of parts of a structure according to yet another embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 a schematically shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of a structure 10, which in this example is formed as a composite panel.
  • the panel 10 has a rectangular cuboid shape with dimensions in the longitudinal and transverse directions X, Y that are considerably larger than the thickness of the panel 10 in the vertical direction Z.
  • This panel 10 may for instance be part of a bridge deck, a lock gate, a blast panel, platform, or a bulkhead.
  • the panel 10 defines first and second surfaces 12, 14, which are located on opposite sides of the panel 10 and are facing towards positive and negative Z-directions, respectively.
  • the panel 10 further defines a side surface 16 that faces predominantly towards the X-direction, and a further side surface 18 that faces predominantly towards the Y-direction.
  • FIG. 1 b schematically shows a perspective cross-sectional view of part of the panel 10 of figure 1a.
  • the panel 10 is partially cut away to illustrate its structure at side surface 16.
  • the panel 10 includes a series of sheets 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, which are folded along multiple folding lines 32, 34, 48, 50, 52, and which are arranged in an overlapping sequence that has a periodicity in the Y-direction.
  • the sheets 30 mutually overlap, and have partially exposed portions 36, 38,
  • each sheet 30i is formed as a piece-wise planar 3D surface, which is composed of a first lateral strip 36i, a second lateral strip 38i, a medial strip 40i, and several flaps 42i, 44i, 46i. These strips and flaps 36i-46i are interconnected and form an integral part of this same sheet 30i, but assume different relative orientations by being folded along respective folding lines 32i, 34i, 48i, 50i, 52i.
  • each sheet 30 is folded to form an essentially right-angled Z- shape, when viewed along the X-direction and in cross-sectional planes along the Y- and Z- directions (figure 1b).
  • the first lateral strip 36i of each sheet 30i extends predominantly in the X- and Y- directions at or near the first surface 12.
  • the second lateral strip 38i also extends predominantly in the X- and Y-directions at or near the second surface 14.
  • the medial strip 40i extends with a major component along the Z-direction through the panel 10, and interconnects the first and second lateral strips 36i, 38i of the sheet 30i.
  • the medial strips 40i of adjacent sheets 30i extend parallel to each other and largely parallel to the XZ-plane.
  • first lateral strip 36i and medial strip 40i of each sheet 30i are connected along first folding line 32i, which extends in the X-direction.
  • the second lateral strip 38i and the medial strip 40i are connected along second folding line 34i, which also extends in the X-direction.
  • Each first strip 36 is folded away from its corresponding medial strip 40 along its folding line 32, to extend in negative Y-direction.
  • Each second strip 38 is folded away from its medial strip 40 along folding line 34, to extend in positive Y-direction.
  • the corresponding medial strip 40 extends through the thickness of the panel 10, and interconnects the first and second strips 36, 38.
  • the sheets 30 are arranged in a mutually abutting manner, and form a sequence of Z- shapes (figure 1 b).
  • Each subsequent sheet 30j b, c, d,..) is placed with its first and second strips 36j, 38j on top of corresponding first/second strips 36i, 38i of its directly preceding sheet 30i, in such a way that the first lateral strips 36 of adjacent sheets 30 mutually overlap, the second lateral strips 38 of adjacent sheets 30 mutually overlap, and the medial strips 40 of adjacent sheets 30 are mutually separated by non-zero spacing distances DU along the Y- direction.
  • the sheets 30 are attached to each other, for instance by cured resin, by diffusion bonding, or by welding, in accordance with compatible methods for the selected sheet material (e.g. fibre mat, thermoplastic, steel).
  • the first strips 36 overlap and are fixed to each other, forming a periodic imbricated arrangement of strips 36 that defines the macroscopic outer contour of the first surface 12.
  • the second strips 38 overlap and are fixed to each other, forming a further periodic imbricated arrangement of strips 38 that defines the macroscopic outer contour of the second surface 14.
  • cuboid spaces are formed inside the structure 10, which each space being bounded by a first lateral strip 36, a second lateral strip 38, and pair of adjacent medial strips 40. These spaces are filled with cuboid core elements 20 made of polyurethane (PU) foam. These cores 20 are mutually parallel along the X-direction and form a periodic array along the Y- direction. The medial strip 40 of each sheet 30 is sandwiched between two directly adjacent cores 20.
  • PU polyurethane
  • first lateral strip 36 of each sheet 30 extends in the negative Y-direction across sides of the cores 20 that are located near the first surface 12, whereas the second lateral strip 38 of each sheet 30 extends in the positive Y-direction across opposite sides of the cores 20 that are located near the second surface 14.
  • each first and second lateral strip 36, 38 extends across three or more consecutive core elements 20.
  • each of the sheets 30 further defines a first lateral flap 42, a second lateral flap 44, and a medial flap 46.
  • the first lateral flap 42 forms an extension of the first lateral strip 36 of this sheet 30, but is folded away from this first strip 36 along folding line 48 downwards in the negative Z-direction.
  • the second lateral flap 44 forms an extension of the second lateral strip 38 of this sheet 30, but is folded away from this second strip 38 along folding line 50 upwards in the positive Z-direction.
  • the medial flap 46 forms an extension of the medial strip 40 of this sheet 30, but is folded away from this medial strip 40 along folding line 52 sideways in the positive Y- direction so that this strip 40 extends along an edge of the second strip 38.
  • These flaps 42-46 form patches of sheet material that extend in the Y- and Z- directions along the side surface 16, and that mutually overlap in a manner explained in more detail below.
  • a similar arrangement of (further) overlapping flaps 42-46 may also be present on a further side surface of the panel 10, which is opposite to side surface 16 viewed along the X-direction (figure 1a).
  • Figure 2 schematically shows the side surface 16 of an exemplary panel 10 formed by a sequence of Z-shaped sheets 30 similar to figure 1 b. This side surface 16 is defined by the overlapping arrangement of first lateral flaps 42, second lateral flaps 44, and medial flaps 46.
  • Figure 3 schematically illustrates a sequence of folding lateral and medial flaps 42, 44, 46 for achieving the arrangement in figure 2.
  • the overlapping second lateral flap 44j and medial flap 46j are placed inwards relative to the overlapping second lateral flap 44i and medial flap 46i of the preceding sheet 30i.
  • the pairs of second flaps 44 and lower portions 64 of medial flaps 46 jointly form an imbricated sequence of interleaved second flaps 44 and medial flaps 46 along the side surface 16, whereas the upper portions 60 of medial flaps 46 overlap each other directly.
  • the first lateral flaps 42 are folded downwards towards the negative Z-direction. As the first lateral strips 36 project towards the negative Y-direction, each flap 42j directly overlaps the medial flap 46i of its preceding sheet 30i, but does not overlap the medial flap 46j of its own sheet 30j. In the resulting stack of sheets 30, the first lateral flaps 42 directly overlap each other to form another imbricated sequence, which in its entirety covers the layer formed by mutually overlapping upper portions 60 of the medial flaps 46. The direction of overlap in the imbricated sequence of first lateral flaps 42 is reversed and has a shifted periodicity in the Y-direction, relative to the imbricated sequence of second flaps 44.
  • Figure 2 further illustrates that the first and second lateral strips 36, 38 of adjacent sheets 30 do not extend perfectly parallel along the respective first and second panel surfaces 12, 14.
  • the smoothness and macroscopic direction of these panel surfaces 12, 14 (and also 16) may for instance be defined by an outer layer of material 24 that envelops the cores 20 and sheets 30.
  • This outer layer 24 may for instance be formed during moulding of the panel 10 (e.g. an outermost portion of resin introduced during RTM/RIM of fibre sheets inside a mould), or applied as a coating in a subsequent coating process.
  • each of the first lateral strips 36 is oriented predominantly along the Y-direction, but with a small tilt towards the Z-direction over a non-zero first angle b1 with respect to the first surface 12.
  • each of the second lateral strips 38 is oriented predominantly along the Y- direction, but with a small tilt towards the Z-direction over a non-zero second angle b2 with respect to the second surface 14.
  • the overlapping sheets 30 at the outer panel surfaces 12, 14 may be described as an “oblique layered material”, and the arrangements of cores 20 and sheets 30 together may be described as an “oblique layered composite structure”.
  • each row of flaps 42, 44 forms a sequence of rectangular shapes that are individually rotated over angles pk, while the sequence as a whole is periodic along the Y-direction.
  • the medial flap 46 of a sheet 30 is first folded along line 52 towards the positive Y-direction.
  • the medial flap 46 may also be folded towards the negative Y-direction.
  • the second lateral flap 44 of sheet 30 is folded along second lateral folding line 50.
  • the flap is folded away from the second lateral strip 38 to extend along the side surface 16 of the panel 10.
  • the first lateral flaps 42 are folded along first lateral folding lines 48.
  • the flap 42 is folded away from the first lateral strip 36 to extend along and at least partially cover the side surface 16 of the panel 10.
  • Figure 3 further illustrates the dimensional properties of this exemplary panel 10.
  • the core elements 20 have rectangular cross-sections, with a height approximately equal to Hms and a width of approximately DU.
  • Each first strip 36 has a width Wls in the negative Y-direction, which is approximately three times the distance DU, so that each strip 36 overlaps a sequence of about three adjacent core elements 20.
  • Each second lateral strip 38 extends along the second surface over a similar width Wls, so that each strip 38 also overlaps a sequence of about three adjacent core elements 20, albeit from below and towards the positive Y-direction.
  • the medial flap 46 extends from line 52 over a length Lmf in the Y- direction.
  • the medial strip 40 extends over a height Hms in the Z-direction
  • the first and second lateral flaps 42, 44 have rectangular shapes with a width Wlf, and a length Llf.
  • the widths Wlf of lateral flaps 42, 44 are equal to the widths Wls of lateral strips 36, 38.
  • the length Lmf of the medial flaps 46 is approximately equal to the widths Wlf of the first and second lateral flaps 42, 44, so that the second lateral flap 44 of a sheet 30 fully covers the medial flap 46 over its length Lmf, with neither one protruding beyond the other in the Y-direction.
  • the lengths Llf of the first lateral flap 42 and the second lateral flap 44 are equal, and each length Llf is slightly less than half the height Hms.
  • the combined length 2 -Llf of the first lateral flap 42 and the second lateral flap 44, when folded in negative/positive Z- directions, is slightly less than the height Hms of the medial strip 40 (in this case also less than height Hmf of medial flap 46).
  • the distal edges 54, 56 of the first and second lateral flaps 42, 44 do not abut, but lie closely along each other to define a joining line 58 along the Y- direction.
  • the distal flap edges 54, 56 are also rotated over angles pk, such that each sequence of edges 54 or 56 forms a periodic saw-tooth contour along the Y-direction (figure 2).
  • Figures 4-6 illustrate an alternative embodiment 110, in which strips and flaps have additional tilted portions and edges.
  • Figure 4 shows a perspective view of part of the panel 110, in which only a subset of three sheets 130 and only part of one core element 120 are shown. Other sheets and core elements are not shown, but should be considered present.
  • Figure 5 schematically shows a top view of the part of the panel 110 in figure 4, when viewed downwards along the Z-direction.
  • Figure 6 schematically shows a cross-sectional view of the panel 110 from figures 4-5, along cross-sectional XZ-plane VI through core element 120 indicated in figure 5.
  • first and second lateral strips 136, 138, first and second lateral flaps 142, 144, and medial flap 146 form non-rectangular quadrilaterals, which are adapted to be folded along the side surface 116 and placed in obliquely overlapping arrangements, yielding a relatively smooth side surface 116.
  • first and second lateral flaps 142, 144 are planar regions with quadrilateral peripheries.
  • the first flap folding line 148 and the distal edge 154 of the first flap 142 are tilted relative to each other over a non-zero angle.
  • the second flap folding line 150 and the distal edge 156 of the second flap 144 are tilted relative to each other over a further nonzero angle.
  • the two rows of flaps 142 and 144 adjoin along these edges 154, 156, thereby forming a relatively narrow seamline 158.
  • the folded medial flap 146 deviates from a flat surface, instead forming a developable surface that is composed of two flat portions 160, 164 at slightly different angles, and a curved intermediate portion 162 interconnecting the flat portions 160, 164.
  • the upper flat portion 160 is folded along folding line 152, so that it is oriented an angle 90°- ym towards the positive Y- direction relative to the XZ-plane of the medial strip 140.
  • Angle ym is relatively small, e.g. 0° ⁇ ym ⁇ 2°, so that the surface normal of this upper portion 160 points largely towards the X-direction but with a slight tilt ym towards the negative Y-direction (figure 5).
  • the lower flat portion 164 is also folded along line 152 away from medial strip 140, but over a slightly smaller angle 90°- y2 towards positive Y-direction, so that the surface normal of lower portion 164 also points largely towards the X-direction but with a larger tilt towards the negative Y-direction.
  • This correction angle y2 is preferably in a range of ym ⁇ y2 ⁇ 5°.
  • the second lateral flap 144 is folded upwards along lateral folding line 150 over an angle of 90° towards positive Z-direction (figure 6).
  • This folding line 150 is tilted at angle y2, so that the second flap 144 obtains a tilt towards the negative Y-direction that is similar to the tilt of lower portion 164 of medial flap 146, thus allowing flaps 144 and 146 to abut smoothly.
  • the first lateral flap 142 is folded downwards along lateral folding line 148 over an angle of 90° towards negative Z-direction.
  • This folding line 148 is tilted at an angle y1 towards the positive Y-direction.
  • the tilt angle y1 is in a range -2° ⁇ y1 ⁇ 0° (i.e. similar to ym but in opposite direction).
  • first and second lateral strips 136, 138 may be oriented at small tilt angles b1 , b2 relative to respective panel surfaces 112, 114, similar as in figure 2.
  • Sheet element 130 may be folded into the 3D shape depicted in figure 4 while it is being combined with other sheets. However, sheet element 130 may also be pre-formed as a self- supporting 3D element as such, for instance made of pre-folded aluminium sheet or of hardened fibre reinforced plastic. A plurality of such pre-formed elements 130 may then be slid together into the plate-shaped structure 110 in figure 4.
  • the intermediate portions 162 of the medial flaps 146 coincide with the seamline 158 defined in-between the distal edges 154, 156 of the lateral flaps 142, 144.
  • the lower portions 164 of the medial flaps 146 overlap with the second lateral flaps 144 in an alternating manner, to form an interleaved overlapping arrangement.
  • the intermediate portions 162 curve from respective upper portions 160 outwards to respective lower portions 164 of corresponding medial flaps 146, thereby effectively sealing the seamline 158 between the distal edges 154, 156 (figure 6).
  • the end point of folding line 148 near lines 132 and 152 is displaced outwards in X-direction over a distance DC relative to the proximal end point of folding line 152. Because of the tilt y1 of folding line 148, this displacement increases towards the distal end of folding line 148.
  • the obliquely imbricated sequence of first lateral flaps 142 is displaced outwards at distance DC relative to the face end surfaces 122 of the cores 120.
  • the width DC of the space in-between the stack of first flaps 142 and the face ends 122 of the cores 120 equals the combined thickness of the stack of upper portions 160 of medial flaps 146.
  • the number of overlapping medial flaps 146 equals three, so the distance DC is approximately three times the thickness of a medial flap 146.
  • Figure 7 schematically shows a perspective cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a panel 210, which is composed of a plurality of P-shaped sheets 230. Like features are designated with similar reference numerals preceded by 200. Figure 7 shows only a subset of two sheets 230 and two core elements 220, but further sheets and core elements should be considered present.
  • both the first lateral strips 236 and the second lateral strips 238 extend towards the positive Y-second.
  • the first lateral strips 236 mutually overlap in an obliquely layered sequence along the first panel surface 212
  • the second lateral strips 238 mutually overlap in an obliquely layered sequence along the second panel surface 214.
  • Each medial strip 240 extends through the panel 210 and in-between two cores 240, and interconnects corresponding first and second lateral strips 236, 238.
  • both the first lateral flap 242 and the second lateral flap 244 overlap the medial flap 246 of the same sheet 230, with distal their flap edges extending along each other to define a seamline 258.
  • the exemplary embodiments described above were shaped as a panel, but it should be understood that similar structures may be formed with different shapes.
  • the panel structures may for example have a simple concave shape that gradually curves towards the vertical direction Z as a function along the X-coordinate.
  • the panel structure may have a concave curvature towards the Z-direction as a function of transverse coordinate Y.
  • More complex shapes may also be conceived, for example having double curvatures in both the longitudinal and transverse directions and/or curvatures with multiple local minima/maxima and/or inflection points.
  • the plate-shaped structure may omit core elements in some or all of the spaces that are defined in-between the strips.
  • the core elements or internal spaces should also not be considered limited to elongated rectangular cuboid shapes. Core elements or spaces with other shapes would also be possible, for instance with cross-sectional shapes having discrete symmetry for finite rotations about its body axis A along the X-direction (e.g. regular triangular or hexagonal shape), and/or with mirror-symmetry with respect to one or more body planes, or with more general polygonal (e.g. quadrilateral) or curved cross-sectional shapes.
  • the shapes of the cores or spaces may also be varied to create plate structures with non-rectangular quadrilateral outer contours in the XY-directions, for instance a parallelogram or trapezoidal peripheral shape.
  • the sheet material was composed of resin-impregnated mats of woven continuous fibres. Strength of surface layers in the plateshaped structure may then be adjusted by appropriate choice of fibre directions within the mats. As schematically indicated by cross-shaped markings in figures 1 b-5 and 7, the fibre directions within sheet layers may be parallel to the main (first/second/third) directions, and/or may be oriented at non-right angles (e.g. ⁇ 45°) to the main directions. In alternative embodiments, other sheet materials may be used, such as aluminium sheets, steel sheets, thermoplastic sheets, etc. [0088] The scope of the invention is therefore indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that alternative and equivalent embodiments of the invention can be conceived and reduced to practice. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
  • first surface e.g. upper surface
  • outer layer e.g. hardened resin

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une structure (10) délimitant des première et seconde surfaces (12, 14) s'étendant le long de première et deuxième directions (X, Y), et une surface latérale (16) faisant face à la première direction (X). La structure (10) comprend des feuilles (30), chaque feuille (30) délimitant une première bande latérale (36) s'étendant dans des première et deuxième directions à proximité de la première surface (12), une seconde bande latérale (38) s'étendant dans des première et deuxième directions à proximité de la seconde surface (14), et une bande médiane (40) s'étendant le long de la troisième direction (Z) à travers la structure. Les feuilles sont agencées selon une séquence de chevauchement de telle sorte que des premières bandes latérales se chevauchent mutuellement, des secondes bandes latérales se chevauchent mutuellement, et des bandes médianes sont séparées le long de la deuxième direction (Y). Les feuilles (30) délimitent en outre des rabats (42, 44, 46), formant chacun une extension de la bande médiane, de la première bande latérale ou de la seconde bande latérale. Les rabats s'étendent dans les deuxième et troisième directions et se chevauchent le long de la surface latérale (16).
PCT/NL2021/050288 2021-05-03 2021-05-03 Structure composée d'une pluralité de feuilles WO2022235149A1 (fr)

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3296767A (en) * 1963-06-27 1967-01-10 Spatruss Inc Truss construction
FR2194566A1 (fr) * 1972-08-01 1974-03-01 Kalouguine Vlad Mir
US3995081A (en) * 1974-10-07 1976-11-30 General Dynamics Corporation Composite structural beams and method
WO2001047706A1 (fr) * 1999-12-28 2001-07-05 Webcore Technologies, Inc. Ames et panneaux composites renforces par des fibres
WO2010008293A2 (fr) 2008-07-18 2010-01-21 Fibercore Europe B.V. Panneau sandwich et procédé de production d’un panneau de ce type
US20120251814A1 (en) * 2011-04-04 2012-10-04 Webcore Ip, Inc. Composite reinforced cores and panels
US20150354377A1 (en) * 2012-11-13 2015-12-10 Snecma Monobloc blade preform and module for a turbo machine intermediate casing
WO2016085336A1 (fr) 2014-11-27 2016-06-02 Fibercore Ip B.V. Procédé de formation d'un produit semi-fini tubulaire à partir de matière plastique renforcée par des fibres

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3296767A (en) * 1963-06-27 1967-01-10 Spatruss Inc Truss construction
FR2194566A1 (fr) * 1972-08-01 1974-03-01 Kalouguine Vlad Mir
US3995081A (en) * 1974-10-07 1976-11-30 General Dynamics Corporation Composite structural beams and method
WO2001047706A1 (fr) * 1999-12-28 2001-07-05 Webcore Technologies, Inc. Ames et panneaux composites renforces par des fibres
WO2010008293A2 (fr) 2008-07-18 2010-01-21 Fibercore Europe B.V. Panneau sandwich et procédé de production d’un panneau de ce type
US20120251814A1 (en) * 2011-04-04 2012-10-04 Webcore Ip, Inc. Composite reinforced cores and panels
US20150354377A1 (en) * 2012-11-13 2015-12-10 Snecma Monobloc blade preform and module for a turbo machine intermediate casing
WO2016085336A1 (fr) 2014-11-27 2016-06-02 Fibercore Ip B.V. Procédé de formation d'un produit semi-fini tubulaire à partir de matière plastique renforcée par des fibres

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