WO2022234176A1 - Système de stockage et d'alimentation en carburant, procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel système et véhicule marin - Google Patents

Système de stockage et d'alimentation en carburant, procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel système et véhicule marin Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022234176A1
WO2022234176A1 PCT/FI2021/050340 FI2021050340W WO2022234176A1 WO 2022234176 A1 WO2022234176 A1 WO 2022234176A1 FI 2021050340 W FI2021050340 W FI 2021050340W WO 2022234176 A1 WO2022234176 A1 WO 2022234176A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
supply system
tank
combustion device
temperature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2021/050340
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mathias Jansson
Jonatan BYGGMÄSTAR
Rasmus NYBO
Tomi PRITTINEN
Piero ZOGLIA
Original Assignee
Wärtsilä Finland Oy
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wärtsilä Finland Oy filed Critical Wärtsilä Finland Oy
Priority to PCT/FI2021/050340 priority Critical patent/WO2022234176A1/fr
Publication of WO2022234176A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022234176A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/06—Apparatus for de-liquefying, e.g. by heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F02D19/0644—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F02D19/0647—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], liquefied natural gas [LNG], compressed natural gas [CNG] or dimethyl ether [DME]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0665—Tanks, e.g. multiple tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0221—Fuel storage reservoirs, e.g. cryogenic tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0221—Fuel storage reservoirs, e.g. cryogenic tanks
    • F02M21/0224—Secondary gaseous fuel storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0287—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers characterised by the transition from liquid to gaseous phase ; Injection in liquid phase; Cooling and low temperature storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0293—Safety devices; Fail-safe measures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0602—Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0605—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel pressure or temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0673—Valves; Pressure or flow regulators; Mixers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
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    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/0365—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling with recovery of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/046—Enhancing energy recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/02—Mixing fluids
    • F17C2265/025—Mixing fluids different fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships

Definitions

  • Fuel storage and supply system method of operating such a system and marine vessel
  • the present invention relates to a fuel storage and supply system for a combus- tion device in accordance with claim 1.
  • the invention also concerns a method of operating a fuel storage and supply system, as defined in the other independent claim.
  • the invention further concerns a marine vessel comprising a fuel storage and supply system.
  • Power generation by combustion is still mostly based on fossil fuels. Due to the need to cut carbon dioxide emissions, there is a growing demand for fossil free power generation. The energy density of most fuels still clearly beats the energy density of batteries, and therefore it is likely that power generation by combus tion will remain as a significant form of power generation especially in cases, where an energy source for a power generating device needs to be carried to gether with the power generating device over long distances, such as in case of ocean-going vessels and many other marine vessels.
  • a promising alternative to fossil fuels is hydrogen. Depending on the combustion device, it can be used either as a stand-alone fuel or mixed with another fuel. Another alternative for future power generation is ammonia. Ammonia can be used in many combustion devices as a stand-alone fuel or it can be mixed with another fuel. The life cycles of powerplants and marine vessels are long, and during the life cycle of a powerplant or a marine vessel even other new fuels, which can be used in the combustion devices with reasonable modifications of the devices, can emerge.
  • Liquid fuels can usually be stored at ambient pressure and temperature.
  • Gase ous fuels i.e. fuels that are gaseous at ambient pressure and normal operating temperatures of the combustion devices, may require very different storing con ditions. For instance, for storing natural gas at a pressure that is close to the ambient temperature, the gas needs to be cooled down to approximately -162 °C.
  • Ammonia can be stored at ambient pressure at about -34 °C.
  • the boiling point of hydrogen at atmospheric pressure is approximately -253 °C and the critical temperature is approximately -240 °C.
  • energy may be needed for cooling the fuel down to a storage temperature.
  • energy may be needed for evaporating a fuel prior to combustion or for heating a fuel for allowing it to be mixed with another fuel. The required cooling, heating and evaporating reduces the overall efficiency of a power generation system.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved fuel storage and supply system for a combustion device, the combustion device being configured to be operable using at least a mixture of a first fuel and a second fuel or the first fuel and the second fuel separately.
  • the characterizing features of the system according to the invention are given in claim 1 .
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method of operating a fuel storage and supply system.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved marine vessel.
  • the fuel storage and supply system comprises a first fuel tank for storing the first fuel at a first temperature, a second fuel tank for storing the second fuel at a second temperature, which second temperature is higher than the first temperature, a first fuel supply line for supplying the first fuel to the combustion device, and a second fuel supply line for supplying the second fuel to the combustion device.
  • the system further comprises at least one heat exchanger, which is configured to allow heat transfer from the second fuel to the first fuel.
  • the second fuel By transferring heat from the second fuel to the first fuel, the second fuel is cooled down, condensed and/or solidified.
  • the first fuel is heated and/or evap orated.
  • the heat transfer from the second fuel to the first fuel may provide different benefits. If the first fuel is stored in the first fuel tank in liquid phase, evaporation of the fuel may be needed before the fuel is supplied to the combustion device. If the first fuel is stored at very low temperatures, heating of the fuel may reduce problems caused to the components of the fuel supply system by the low temperatures.
  • heating of the first fuel may be needed to avoid condensing and/or solidifying of the second fuel when being mixed with the first fuel.
  • Cooling of the second fuel may help in maintaining appropriate conditions in the second fuel tank, for instance maintaining the pressure and/or the temperature in the second fuel tank within desired ranges. Cooling of the second fuel may thus help keeping the second fuel in liquid phase or partly in solid phase. Cooling of the second fuel may also allow supplying the second fuel to the combustion device at a lower temperature. This may help lowering the peak temperatures in the combustion device and reduce NO x emissions.
  • the heat transfer from the second fuel to the first fuel may reduce the need of heating and/or evaporating of the first fuel with external energy.
  • the efficiency of the system may thus be improved.
  • less equipment for heating and/or evaporating the first fuel may be needed, and/or the heating power required from the equipment may be lowered. This may lower the operation and maintenance costs of the system.
  • heat transfer from the second fuel to the first fuel may reduce the need of cooling down the second fuel with external energy.
  • the efficiency of the system may thus be improved.
  • less equipment for cooling down the second fuel may be needed, and/or the cooling power required from the equipment may be lowered. This may lower the operation and maintenance costs of the system.
  • the system is configured to allow flow of the first fuel through the heat exchanger to the combustion device. This allows heating and/or evaporation of the first fuel before the first fuel is supplied to the combustion device.
  • the system comprises a fuel cir culation line for allowing the second fuel to be circulated from the second fuel tank through the heat exchanger back to the second fuel tank. This allows reg ulation of the conditions in the second fuel tank.
  • the heat exchanger is arranged in the second fuel tank. This allows regulating the conditions in the second fuel tank.
  • the heat exchanger is arranged in a tank connection space of the first fuel tank or the second fuel tank. By arrang ing the heat exchanger in a tank connection space, a separate gas-tight space for the heat exchanger is not needed.
  • the system comprises a fuel pump for supplying the first fuel to the combustion device.
  • the system comprises a fuel pump for supplying the second fuel to the combustion device.
  • the system comprises means for mixing the second fuel with the first fuel for supplying a mixture of the first fuel and the second fuel to the combustion device.
  • the first fuel is LNG or liquefied hydrogen.
  • the second fuel is ammonia.
  • the combustion device is an inter nal combustion engine.
  • a marine vessel according to the invention comprises a fuel storage and supply system defined above.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a fuel storage and supply system according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically a fuel storage and supply system according to an other embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically a marine vessel comprising a fuel storage and supply system according to an embodiment of the invention. Description of embodiments of the invention
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a fuel storage and supply system according to an embodiment of the invention for a combustion device 3.
  • the combustion device 3 is configured to be operable using at least a mixture of a first fuel and a second fuel or the first fuel and the second fuel separately.
  • the combustion device 3 is preferably an internal combustion engine.
  • the inter nal combustion engine 3 may be, for instance, a piston engine or a gas turbine.
  • the engine 3 can be a four-stroke engine or a two- stroke engine.
  • the engine 3 can be a main engine of a marine vessel, i.e. an engine forming part of a propulsion system of the vessel.
  • the engine 3 could be connected mechanically, hydraulically or electrically to a propeller or other pro pulsion device.
  • the engine 3 could also be an auxiliary engine of a marine ves sel, i.e. an engine driving a generator for producing electricity for electrical sys tems of the vessel.
  • the engine 3 could also be a powerplant engine, i.e. an engine driving a generator for producing electricity.
  • the fuel storage and supply system comprises a first fuel tank 1 for storing the first fuel at a first temperature, a second fuel tank 2 for storing the second fuel at a second temperature, which second temperature is higher than the first temperature, a first fuel supply line 4 for supplying the first fuel to the combustion device 3, and a second fuel supply line 5 for supplying the second fuel to the combustion device 3.
  • the system further comprises at least one heat exchanger 6, 7 which is configured to allow heat transfer from the second fuel to the first fuel.
  • first temperature and “second temperature” should be understood as target temperatures or temperature ranges.
  • the first temperature can thus be a target temperature, below which the temperature of the first fuel is kept, or a temperature range, within which the temperature of the first fuel is kept.
  • the second temperature can be a target temperature, below which the tem perature of the second fuel is kept, or a temperature range, within which the temperature of the second fuel is kept.
  • the second temperature could also be non-regulated.
  • the second temperature could thus be allowed to vary freely de pending on the ambient temperature and heat transfer from the second fuel to the first fuel.
  • the second temperature could also be a minimum temperature for the second fuel. For instance, a target temperature above the freezing point of the second fuel could be set.
  • the first fuel tank 1 and/or the second fuel tank 2 can be insulated for facilitating keeping the first fuel at the first temperature and/or the second fuel at the second temperature.
  • the first fuel tank 1 and/or the second fuel tank 2 could also be provided with means for cooling the fuel.
  • At least the first fuel is gaseous fuel.
  • gaseous fuel refers here to a fuel that is in gas phase at a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 1 atm (101 .325 kPa). The first fuel does thus not need to be stored in the first fuel tank 1 in gas phase, but the first fuel can be stored in the first fuel tank 1 in liquid phase.
  • the second fuel can be gaseous fuel, but the second fuel could also be liquid fuel.
  • liquid fuel refers here to a fuel that is in liquid phase at a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 1 atm (101 .325 kPa). If the second fuel is gaseous fuel, it can be stored in the second fuel tank 2 in gas phase or liquid phase. Part of the second fuel could be even in solid phase.
  • liquid phase thus means that major part of the fuel in the fuel tank 1 , 2 is liquid.
  • the second fuel By transferring heat from the second fuel to the first fuel, the second fuel is cooled down, condensed and/or solidified.
  • the first fuel is heated and/or evap orated.
  • the heat transfer from the second fuel to the first fuel may provide different benefits. If the first fuel is stored in the first fuel tank 1 in liquid phase, evaporation of the fuel may be needed before the fuel is supplied to the combustion device 3. If the first fuel is stored at very low temperatures, heating of the fuel may reduce problems caused to the components of the fuel supply system by the low temperatures.
  • cooling of the second fuel may help in maintaining appropriate conditions in the second fuel tank 2, for instance maintaining the pressure and/or the temperature within the second fuel tank 2 within desired ranges. Cooling of the second fuel may thus help keeping the second fuel in liquid phase or partly in solid phase. Cooling of the second fuel may also allow supplying the second fuel to the combustion device 3 at a lower temperature. This may help lowering the peak temperatures in the combustion device 3 and reduce NO x emissions.
  • the heat transfer from the second fuel to the first fuel may reduce the need of heating and/or evaporating the first fuel with external energy.
  • the efficiency of the system may thus be improved.
  • less equipment for heating and/or evap orating the first fuel may be needed, and/or the heating power required from the equipment may be lowered. This may lower the operation and maintenance costs of the system.
  • heat transfer from the second fuel to the first fuel may reduce the need of cooling down the second fuel with external energy.
  • the efficiency of the system may thus be improved.
  • less equipment for cooling down the second fuel may be needed, and/or the cooling power required from the equipment may be lowered. This may lower the operation and maintenance costs of the system.
  • the first fuel supply line 4 is configured to allow flow of the first fuel through the heat exchanger 6 to the combustion device 3.
  • the first fuel always flows via the heat exchanger 6 to the combustion device 3.
  • the system could also be provided with a by-pass line allowing the heat exchanger 6 to be by-passed.
  • the system of fig ure 1 further comprises a fuel circulation line 8 for allowing the second fuel to be circulated from the second fuel tank 2 through the heat exchanger 6 back to the second fuel tank 2. Flow of the second fuel through the heat exchanger 6 may be selectively allowed.
  • the second fuel is allowed to flow through the heat exchanger 6 simultaneously with the first fuel, heat is transferred from the sec ond fuel to the first fuel.
  • the second fuel thus returns to the second fuel tank 2 at a lower temperature.
  • the first fuel may be heated and/or (partly) evaporated.
  • the fuel storage and supply system comprises a first fuel pump 9 for supplying the first fuel to the combustion device 3.
  • the sys tem further comprises a second fuel pump 10 for supplying the second fuel to the combustion device 3.
  • the second fuel pump 10 is also used for circulating the second fuel through the heat exchanger 6.
  • the system could also be provided with a separate pump for circulating the second fuel through the heat exchanger 6.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

Le système de stockage et d'alimentation en carburant pour un dispositif de combustion (3) comprend un premier réservoir de carburant (1) pour stocker un premier carburant à une première température, un second réservoir de carburant (2) pour stocker un second carburant à une seconde température, ladite seconde température étant supérieure à la première température, une première conduite d'alimentation en carburant (4) pour fournir le premier carburant au dispositif de combustion (3), une seconde conduite d'alimentation en carburant (5) pour fournir le second carburant au dispositif de combustion (3), et au moins un échangeur de chaleur (6, 7), qui est configuré pour permettre un transfert de chaleur du second carburant au premier carburant.
PCT/FI2021/050340 2021-05-07 2021-05-07 Système de stockage et d'alimentation en carburant, procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel système et véhicule marin WO2022234176A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FI2021/050340 WO2022234176A1 (fr) 2021-05-07 2021-05-07 Système de stockage et d'alimentation en carburant, procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel système et véhicule marin

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FI2021/050340 WO2022234176A1 (fr) 2021-05-07 2021-05-07 Système de stockage et d'alimentation en carburant, procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel système et véhicule marin

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022234176A1 true WO2022234176A1 (fr) 2022-11-10

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3141927A1 (fr) * 2022-11-15 2024-05-17 Airbus Operations Aéronef comportant un système d’alimentation en dihydrogène

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06185699A (ja) * 1992-12-15 1994-07-08 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd 液化ガス貯蔵タンク内に発生するｂｏｇの抑制装置
KR101498388B1 (ko) * 2013-10-31 2015-03-03 현대중공업 주식회사 액화가스 처리 시스템
WO2018141411A1 (fr) * 2017-02-06 2018-08-09 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Agencement de réservoir de carburant dans un navire
KR20190048367A (ko) * 2017-10-31 2019-05-09 대우조선해양 주식회사 선박의 연료 공급 시스템 및 방법
KR102111503B1 (ko) * 2019-05-14 2020-05-15 대우조선해양 주식회사 친환경 선박의 연료공급시스템

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06185699A (ja) * 1992-12-15 1994-07-08 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd 液化ガス貯蔵タンク内に発生するｂｏｇの抑制装置
KR101498388B1 (ko) * 2013-10-31 2015-03-03 현대중공업 주식회사 액화가스 처리 시스템
WO2018141411A1 (fr) * 2017-02-06 2018-08-09 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Agencement de réservoir de carburant dans un navire
KR20190048367A (ko) * 2017-10-31 2019-05-09 대우조선해양 주식회사 선박의 연료 공급 시스템 및 방법
KR102111503B1 (ko) * 2019-05-14 2020-05-15 대우조선해양 주식회사 친환경 선박의 연료공급시스템

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3141927A1 (fr) * 2022-11-15 2024-05-17 Airbus Operations Aéronef comportant un système d’alimentation en dihydrogène
EP4371885A1 (fr) * 2022-11-15 2024-05-22 Airbus Operations Aéronef comportant un système d'alimentation en dihydrogène

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