WO2022233407A1 - Propeller for driving of watercraft - Google Patents
Propeller for driving of watercraft Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022233407A1 WO2022233407A1 PCT/EP2021/061844 EP2021061844W WO2022233407A1 WO 2022233407 A1 WO2022233407 A1 WO 2022233407A1 EP 2021061844 W EP2021061844 W EP 2021061844W WO 2022233407 A1 WO2022233407 A1 WO 2022233407A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- propeller
- hub
- polyamide
- propeller blades
- blades
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000251730 Chondrichthyes Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 241000238586 Cirripedia Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 206010061217 Infestation Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ILRSCQWREDREME-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O ILRSCQWREDREME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000283153 Cetacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001125840 Coryphaenidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
- B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
- B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
- B63H1/14—Propellers
- B63H1/26—Blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
- B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
- B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
- B63H1/14—Propellers
- B63H1/20—Hubs; Blade connections
Definitions
- the invention relates to a propeller for propelling watercraft according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing such a propeller according to the preamble of claim 9.
- propellers for watercraft of significant size and drive power are made of metallic materials such as propeller bronze, brass, steel or stainless steel.
- metallic materials such as propeller bronze, brass, steel or stainless steel.
- both the individual blades and the hub for attachment to a ship's shaft and for torque transmission are made of metal.
- the propellers are made from a single piece, or the individual blades are connected to one another with a non-positive, material or form fit. It is known that propellers for larger watercraft are primarily made of metallic materials.
- propellers with carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic blades are also known. However, due to the properties of the matrix and the long fibers used, these propellers are very susceptible to delamination and are therefore not used to any great extent. Propellers made of different plastics are only used for smaller watercraft with low drive power. These propellers are generally made entirely of plastic, or a metal hub is cast in a plastic.
- Prior art propellers are typically susceptible to infestation by barnacles, clams and other creatures which, over a short period of time, continuously and significantly reduce the power of the engine and thus increase fuel consumption.
- conventional propellers are coated with a special antifouling coating.
- the biocides contained in such coatings are generally toxic and therefore undesirable for ecological reasons.
- the coating itself causes costs due to the time spent in the dry dock, the material used and the corresponding workload.
- Other methods of coating such as non-toxic and washable paint or underwater cleaning, are also not widespread due to their economic efficiency.
- electrocorrosion can also have an undesirable impact on propeller life.
- the object of the invention is to significantly reduce the electrical, magnetic and acoustic signatures of watercraft of any kind, and / or to improve the thrust of the Pro pellers and also to achieve an additional reduction in the signature, and / or a propeller change or the to allow replacement of individual propeller blades underwater, and/or to slow down infestation by barnacles or mussels and consequently reduce the use of biocides, and/or to avoid electrocorrosion.
- the object is achieved with a propeller according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 9.
- the propeller according to the invention essentially consists of cast polyamide 12 plastic or a composite material made of cast polyamide 12 plastic with a suitable long and/or short fiber insert.
- long fibers are to be understood as meaning those with an average fiber length of more than 50 mm.
- short fibers have an average length of 0.1 mm to at most 50 mm, in particular from 1 mm to 15 mm.
- the propeller comprises one or more blades with a preferably structured surface.
- the vanes are attached to a metal hub for mounting on a ship's shaft and applying force in the manner described below, or all vanes are cast in one block with the hub then cast in place.
- all vanes and the hub are preferably cast in at the same time.
- the task-related solution is based on the choice of material from so-called PA 12 C (cast) or a fiber composite material consisting of suitable long fibers and/or short fibers and a PA 12 C matrix as the material for the propeller blades.
- the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of this polyamide allow permanent use of the propeller in the water due to the low moisture absorption, the optimal design of the propeller due to the reduced cavitation erosion due to the toughness of the material used, an easier propeller blade change due to the relatively low specific weight and the Surface design to slow barnacle infestation.
- the propeller blades can be attached, for example, by the techniques described on a metal hub, which in turn ben scho ben and attached to a ship's shaft.
- the electrical, magnetic and acoustic signatures of all types of watercraft can be significantly reduced and the efficiency of the propeller can be improved through the formation of optimized geometries due to the special structure of the selected material, in order to also achieve an additional reduction in the signature to reach.
- a propeller change or an exchange of individual propeller blades under water is made possible. Infestation by barnacles or mussels can be slowed down and consequently the use of biocides can be reduced. On the one hand, this is done by the properties of the propeller material polyamide 12 C per se achieved, on the other hand the structure of this material enables the formation of optimized propeller geometries.
- propeller blades / propeller wings made of polyamide 12 C, especially Lauramid ® have a significantly higher elasticity than those made of metallic materials, which means that load peaks in the ship's wake field can be cushioned over a complete revolution of the propeller (360°).
- the invention is thus based on the use of polyamide 12 C plastic or a composite material made of cast polyamide 12 plastic with a suitable long and/or short fiber insert for the manufacture of the individual propeller blades or a complete propeller.
- Polyamide 12 C (also PA 12 G) is a polymer material that is melted immediately before processing from a suitable mixture of monomers and additives and poured into molds as a low-viscosity melt.
- the long or short fibers are introduced into the mold before filling with the plastic and then surrounded by the melt.
- the filling of the mold like the subsequent polymerisation and curing, is carried out without pressure and therefore has special properties compared to extruded, injected or deep-drawn workpieces.
- the material PA 12 C differs from other plastics in terms of its mechanical, physical and chemical properties and is therefore particularly suitable for the design and construction of propellers for watercraft.
- the material has a minimal moisture absorption of only 1.4 percent by weight when stored in water and is therefore predestined for use in water.
- PA 12 C has the best notched impact strength - especially at low temperatures - of all polyamides and thus enables particular advantages in terms of erosion cavitation and the resistance of the matrix (the composite variant) to external impacts.
- the low specific weight of the parts and thus the buoyancy neutrality is a prerequisite for replacing the propeller blades under water.
- the inner damping of Workpieces made of PA 12 C or composite materials with a matrix made of PA 12 C reduce the acoustic signature of the component.
- the wide temperature range over which the material can be used in a technically sensible way, the chemical resistance, the creep resistance and/or the electrical properties also justify the special suitability of PA 12 C as a propeller material for watercraft in comparison to other materials.
- the low viscosity of the melt results in a fiber volume content of more than 65% and thus a very good stiffness-to-weight ratio of the respective component with suitable mechanical properties. Due to the short curing time of a few minutes, this material also has significant cost advantages over conventional fiber composite materials. Due to these material advantages, propellers for watercraft made of PA 12 C are superior to state-of-the-art propellers.
- a further component of the invention can lie in the special connection of the propeller blades to a hub made of metallic material.
- the transmission of power and torque from the ship's shaft to the propeller typically takes place through a positive or non-positive connection of two metallic materials such as oil interference fits, parallel keys or dowel pins or through clamping sets.
- This principle is fundamentally retained in the present invention, since certain material properties of PA 12 C, such as the low modulus of elasticity or the creep behavior at high local surface pressures, prevent a direct connection of the propeller to the ship's shaft.
- the invention can thus also result from the type of connection of the propeller blades to the hub depending on the desired power and torque transmission and the size of the propeller.
- Another component of the invention can be the design of the surface of the propeller blades in order to avoid the use of antifouling coatings.
- the surface is preferably modeled by the appropriate design of the mold and by the integration of special granular materials in the near-surface plastic like a shark skin model. The growth of barnacles and mussels is thus delayed and mechanical cleaning of the surface is simplified without lifting the watercraft out of the water.
- the invention can be implemented, for example, with the embodiments described below in a technically and commercially sensible manner.
- FIG. 1 shows a section through the propeller in a first preferred embodiment, based on mounting the propeller blades/propeller blades on a metal hub;
- FIG. 2 shows the propeller in a second preferred embodiment with a cast-in metal hub in a front view with the contour of the propeller blades;
- FIG. 3 shows a view based on FIG. 2 with the propeller in a variant of the second embodiment
- FIG. 5 shows the propeller in a third preferred embodiment in a view from the front with the contour of the propeller blades and a diagrammatically indicated surface condition
- FIG. 6 is an oblique view of the assembled propeller according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a propeller with a metal hub 1 .
- a Pro pellerblatt / propeller blade 2 of the propeller by means of a (so-called) Böttcherrings 4 and introduced in the propeller blade 2 tie rod 3 by nuts 5 mounted.
- FIG. 3 also shows the contour of a propeller, with all propeller blades 9 being manufactured in one casting process and during this casting process the metallic hub 8 prepared for this purpose, for example by etching, sandblasting, knurling, cleaning and/or applying sizing, is cast around , creating a one-piece propeller.
- the surface 20 of one or more propeller blades is designed in such a way that it resembles a shark skin in terms of flow.
- this means that the surface has so-called riblets, which reduce the frictional resistance when there is turbulent flow over the surface compared to a smooth surface.
- riblets which reduce the frictional resistance when there is turbulent flow over the surface compared to a smooth surface.
- Such a surface geometry is known to involve a large number of sharp-edged ribs whose longitudinal axes essentially lie in the direction of flow provided there.
- FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the propeller with the propeller blades/propeller blades 30, which are made of PA 12 C (for example with the trade name Lauramid® ), with the metallic hub 31, with the (so-called) Böttcherring 32, with Fastening screws 34 for the cooper ring 32 and with the tie rods and associated nuts 33 for fastening the propeller blades / propeller wings 30.
- PA 12 C for example with the trade name Lauramid®
- a so-called cooper ring 4 is mounted on the end of the hub 1 opposite the collar by means of suitable screws.
- suitable openings are attached in this ring.
- nuts 5 who braced the tie rods 3 against the Böttcherring 4 with the appropriate torque.
- a suitable cover hood at the end of the hub 1 preferably covers the screw connections and then, thanks to its design, ensures at the same time an optimal flow in the wake of the shaft.
- An embodiment with a metallic hub 7, which means of a form-fitting or non-positive connection such as with an oil interference fit, feather keys, dowel pins and / or Clamping sets can be slid onto the ship's shaft and attached to it to transmit the forces and torques.
- An embodiment with a metallic hub 8 (as shown, for example, in Fig. 3 represents) for the transmission of forces and torques from the hub 8 to the propeller blades 9 structural elements such as rods 10, profiles 11, metallic structures 12 or a has leger 13, which are attached to the hub by force, form and/or material connection and are completely surrounded by the plastic during the casting process.
- An embodiment with one or more propeller blades which are cast individually or in groups in a suitable, appropriately temperature-controlled casting mold which approximately corresponds to the outer contour of the individual blade or multiple blades, without pressure using a low-viscosity PA-12 melt and then subjected to suitable temperature control be polymerized and cured.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18/559,021 US20240239458A1 (en) | 2021-05-05 | 2021-05-05 | Propeller for driving watercraft |
JP2023568436A JP2024516315A (en) | 2021-05-05 | 2021-05-05 | A propeller for driving a watercraft |
CA3218695A CA3218695A1 (en) | 2021-05-05 | 2021-05-05 | Propeller for driving watercraft |
CN202180100215.9A CN117897333A (en) | 2021-05-05 | 2021-05-05 | Propeller for driving watercraft |
PCT/EP2021/061844 WO2022233407A1 (en) | 2021-05-05 | 2021-05-05 | Propeller for driving of watercraft |
EP21726567.7A EP4334204A1 (en) | 2021-05-05 | 2021-05-05 | Propeller for driving of watercraft |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2021/061844 WO2022233407A1 (en) | 2021-05-05 | 2021-05-05 | Propeller for driving of watercraft |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022233407A1 true WO2022233407A1 (en) | 2022-11-10 |
Family
ID=76011893
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2021/061844 WO2022233407A1 (en) | 2021-05-05 | 2021-05-05 | Propeller for driving of watercraft |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240239458A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4334204A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2024516315A (en) |
CN (1) | CN117897333A (en) |
CA (1) | CA3218695A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2022233407A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6237293A (en) * | 1985-08-10 | 1987-02-18 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Thrust generating device |
US20050226724A1 (en) * | 2004-04-09 | 2005-10-13 | Stahl Bradford C | Modular propeller |
US20070104581A1 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2007-05-10 | Borgwarner Inc. | Plastic fans having improved fan ring weld line strength |
KR20150100021A (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-09-02 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | Propeller for ship |
CN105317858A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2016-02-10 | 青岛永和兴游艇螺旋桨厂 | Spline sleeve and propeller |
WO2020138006A1 (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-07-02 | ナカシマプロペラ株式会社 | Ship propeller |
-
2021
- 2021-05-05 US US18/559,021 patent/US20240239458A1/en active Pending
- 2021-05-05 CA CA3218695A patent/CA3218695A1/en active Pending
- 2021-05-05 EP EP21726567.7A patent/EP4334204A1/en active Pending
- 2021-05-05 CN CN202180100215.9A patent/CN117897333A/en active Pending
- 2021-05-05 JP JP2023568436A patent/JP2024516315A/en active Pending
- 2021-05-05 WO PCT/EP2021/061844 patent/WO2022233407A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6237293A (en) * | 1985-08-10 | 1987-02-18 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Thrust generating device |
US20050226724A1 (en) * | 2004-04-09 | 2005-10-13 | Stahl Bradford C | Modular propeller |
US20070104581A1 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2007-05-10 | Borgwarner Inc. | Plastic fans having improved fan ring weld line strength |
KR20150100021A (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-09-02 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | Propeller for ship |
CN105317858A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2016-02-10 | 青岛永和兴游艇螺旋桨厂 | Spline sleeve and propeller |
WO2020138006A1 (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-07-02 | ナカシマプロペラ株式会社 | Ship propeller |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN117897333A (en) | 2024-04-16 |
US20240239458A1 (en) | 2024-07-18 |
EP4334204A1 (en) | 2024-03-13 |
CA3218695A1 (en) | 2022-11-10 |
JP2024516315A (en) | 2024-04-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE69222197T2 (en) | Fan blade with large chord length | |
DE10235496B4 (en) | Method for producing a rotor blade, rotor blade and wind energy plant | |
DE60023979T2 (en) | fan platform | |
DE69504516T2 (en) | WEAR-RESISTANT COATING | |
DE3879287T2 (en) | FRP SHEET AND ITS PRODUCTION PROCESS. | |
DE2113019C3 (en) | Fan blade | |
DE69915078T2 (en) | ROTATION DEVICE | |
DE102008045546A1 (en) | Aircraft gas turbine inlet cone | |
DE102006011513A1 (en) | Inlet cone of a fiber composite material for a gas turbine engine and method for its production | |
DE3504377A1 (en) | PROFILE BODY CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME | |
DE10324166B4 (en) | Rotor blade connection | |
DE102007036917A1 (en) | Rotor blade for wind power plant i.e. floating wind power plant, has clamping member arranged on pillar such that effective cross section holds additional compressive strength to anticipate stress-dependent deformation due to wind load | |
DE102006003727A1 (en) | Closed impeller for centrifugal pump operates for conveying homogeneous liquids, especially in cooling systems of motor vehicles | |
EP3054179A1 (en) | Shaft of a gas turbine engine made with reinforced plastics | |
DE3629758C2 (en) | Composite body made of fiber-reinforced synthetic resin matrix and process for its production | |
DE102008056017A1 (en) | Method for producing an engine shaft | |
EP4334204A1 (en) | Propeller for driving of watercraft | |
DE102019007647A1 (en) | Propeller made of cast polyamide 12 plastic or a composite material made of cast polyamide 12 plastic with a suitable short fiber insert and cast or mounted metallic hub as well as a suitable surface structure for propelling watercraft | |
EP2985138B1 (en) | Rotor blade for a wind turbine and method for producing the rotor blade | |
DE1954062A1 (en) | Propeller blade and process for its manufacture | |
EP2830750B1 (en) | Horizontal stirrer | |
DE102015226672A1 (en) | Propeller for a ship | |
WO2011098065A1 (en) | Method for producing a component and such a component | |
DE102008019890A1 (en) | sealing arrangement | |
DE102017121065A1 (en) | Rotor blade with edge protection, method for its production, wind turbine and use |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21726567 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 3218695 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2023568436 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18559021 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2021726567 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021726567 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20231205 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202180100215.9 Country of ref document: CN |