WO2022231803A1 - Pulsed current battery management system - Google Patents
Pulsed current battery management system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022231803A1 WO2022231803A1 PCT/US2022/023604 US2022023604W WO2022231803A1 WO 2022231803 A1 WO2022231803 A1 WO 2022231803A1 US 2022023604 W US2022023604 W US 2022023604W WO 2022231803 A1 WO2022231803 A1 WO 2022231803A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- management system
- battery management
- electrical energy
- output
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 41
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates in general to circuits for electronic devices, including without limitation personal audio devices such as wireless telephones and media players, and more specifically, a pulsed current battery management system.
- Portable electronic devices including wireless telephones, such as mobile/cellular telephones, tablets, cordless telephones, mp3 players, smart watches, health monitors, and other consumer devices, are in widespread use.
- a portable electronic device may include a battery (e.g., a lithium-ion battery) for powering components of the portable electronic device.
- a battery e.g., a lithium-ion battery
- Such batteries used in portable electronic devices are rechargeable, such that when charging, the battery converts electrical energy into chemical energy which may later be converter back into electrical energy for powering components of the portable electronic device.
- Recharging of rechargeable batteries often involves trading off between charging rate and battery life cycle.
- a high level of current delivered to the battery may increase a charge rate for a battery, but may degrade the useful life of the battery.
- Pulsed current charging may be used to maximize charging rate of a battery without degrading the useful life of a battery.
- the high peak-to-average current required from a pulsed- current charger may be beyond the limits of traditional battery chargers, such as USB chargers.
- one or more disadvantages and problems associated with existing approaches to battery charging may be reduced or eliminated.
- a battery management system may include an input configured to couple to a power supply, an output configured to couple to a battery, and battery management circuitry coupled between the power supply and the battery and configured to deliver electrical energy to the output at a significantly higher peak-to-average power ratio than receipt of electrical energy to the input.
- a method may include, with a battery management system coupled at an input of the battery management system to a power supply and coupled at an output of the battery management system to a battery; delivering electrical energy to the output at a significantly higher peak- to-average power ratio than receipt of electrical energy to the input.
- FIGURE 1 illustrates an example system for charging a battery, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure
- FIGURE 2 illustrates an example pulsed current battery management system, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure
- FIGURE 3 illustrates an example output current waveform for charging a battery, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure
- FIGURE 4 illustrates another example pulsed current battery management system, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIGURE 5 illustrates yet another example pulsed current battery management system, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIGURE 1 illustrates an example system 100 for charging a battery 102, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
- system 100 may include battery 102, a power supply 104, and a battery management system 106.
- Battery 102 may include any system, device, or apparatus configured to convert chemical energy stored within battery 102 to electrical energy.
- battery 102 may be integral to a portable electronic device and battery 102 may be configured to deliver electrical energy to components of such portable electronic device.
- battery 102 may also be configured to recharge, in which it may convert electrical energy received by battery 102 into chemical energy to be stored for later conversion back into electrical energy.
- battery 102 may comprise a lithium-ion battery.
- Power supply 104 may include any system, device, or apparatus configured to supply electrical energy to battery management system 106.
- power supply 104 may include a direct-current (DC) power source configured to deliver electrical energy at a substantially constant voltage. Accordingly, a peak-to-average power delivered from power supply 104 may be approximately equal to 1.
- power supply 104 may include an alternating current (AC)-to-DC converter/adapter, configured to convert an AC voltage (e.g., provided by an electrical socket installed in the wall of a building) into a DC voltage.
- AC alternating current
- power supply 104 may be power limited in terms of a maximum amount of power that may be drawn from power supply 104.
- Battery management system 106 may include any system, device, or apparatus configured to receive electrical energy from power supply 104 and control delivery of such energy to battery 102, such that battery 102 may be charged using pulsed current charging, in a manner in which a peak-to-average power delivered from battery management system 106 to battery 102 may be significantly greater than 1 (e.g., 2 or more).
- battery management system 106 may comprise a battery charger, configured to deliver electrical energy to battery 102 in order that battery 102 converts the electrical energy to chemical energy that is stored in battery 102.
- battery management system 106 may include a wired charger configured to draw electrical energy from an electrical power outlet or from a power bank.
- battery management system 106 may include a wireless charger configured to draw electrical energy via inductive coupling from a wireless charging pad or similar device.
- FIGURE 2 illustrates an example pulsed current battery management system 106 A (coupled to a power supply 104 and a battery 102), in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
- pulsed current battery management system 106A shown in FIGURE 2 may be used to implement battery management system 106 of FIGURE 1.
- pulsed current battery management system 106A may include a first power converter 202, an energy reservoir 204, a second power converter 206, a current controller 208, a battery monitor 210, and a sense resistor 212.
- First power converter 202 may include any system, device, or apparatus configured to receive electrical energy from power supply 104 and use such received electrical energy to charge energy reservoir 204.
- first power converter 202 may comprise a capacitive power converter or “charge pump.”
- first power converter 202 may comprise an inductor-based power converter (e.g., a buck converter, a buck-boost converter, or a boost converter).
- FIGURE 2 depicts power converter 202 interfaced between power supply 104 and energy reservoir 204, in some embodiments, power supply 104 may be coupled directly to energy reservoir 204 and thus configured to directly charge energy reservoir 204.
- a bandwidth of power converter 202 may be designed or chosen that enables a trade-off between the peak-to-average current from power supply 104 and a maximum peak current/power that may be delivered to battery 102.
- Energy reservoir 204 may include any system, device, or apparatus configured to store electrical energy.
- energy reservoir 204 may comprise one or more capacitors.
- energy reservoir 204 may comprise one or more batteries.
- Second power converter 206 may include any system, device, or apparatus configured to, under the control of current controller 208, transfer electrical energy from energy reservoir 204 to battery 102 and use such received electrical energy to charge battery 102 by way of an output current IOUT delivered from second power converter 206 to battery 102.
- second power converter 206 may comprise a capacitive power converter or “charge pump.”
- second power converter 206 may comprise an inductor-based power converter (e.g., a buck converter, a buck-boost converter, or a boost converter).
- Current controller 208 may include any system, device, or apparatus configured to, based on a sense voltage VSNS indicative of output current IOUT and a target current waveform ITGT, control second power converter 206 (e.g., by controlling operation of switches internal to second power converter 206) in order to regulate output current IOUT in accordance with target current waveform ITGT.
- current controller 208 may control output current IOUT to have a pulsed waveform such that the power transfer from power converter 206 to battery 102 has a high peak-to-average power over time.
- output current IOUT may be a square wave with a defined peak amplitude IPEAK, defined period T, and defined duty cycle DUTY, as shown in FIGURE 3.
- output current IOUT may include a waveform of a different shape, including without limitation a triangular waveform, a sine wave, or any suitable combination of pulsed periodic waveforms.
- Battery monitor 210 may include any system, device, or apparatus configured to monitor operational parameters associated with battery 102 (e.g., battery voltage, battery current, and battery temperature) and based on such operational parameters, estimate one or more battery conditions (e.g., battery state of charge, battery state of health, battery impedance, and internal chemical state of battery 102) associated with battery 102. Such estimations may be made based on an estimate of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy or a physics-based model of battery 102. Further, based on the operational parameters and/or battery conditions, battery monitor 210 may generate a target current waveform ITGT for charging battery 102.
- operational parameters associated with battery 102 e.g., battery voltage, battery current, and battery temperature
- estimate one or more battery conditions e.g., battery state of charge, battery state of health, battery impedance, and internal chemical state of battery 102
- battery monitor 210 may generate a target current waveform ITGT for charging battery 102.
- the algorithm for generating target current waveform ITGT is beyond the scope of this disclosure, but may comprise any suitable algorithm for optimizing (including for optimizing for tradeoffs) target current waveform ITGT in terms of efficiency, charge rate, battery useful life, and/or other factors.
- such algorithm may seek to control output current IOUT to maximize charge rate while maintaining temperature and/or other parameters/conditions of battery 102 within safe operational limits.
- battery monitor 210 may embed signals within target current waveform ITGT designed to assist with obtaining operational parameters and/or estimate battery conditions. Accordingly, current controller 208 and battery monitor 210 may operate in concert to adapt output current IOUT in accordance with operational parameters and conditions of battery 102.
- battery monitor 210 may perform monitoring of battery 102, estimation of conditions, and/or adapt output current IOUT while battery 102 is charging and/or when battery 102 is under load from a load powered by battery 102.
- Sense resistor 212 may include any system, device, or apparatus configured to generate a sense voltage VSNS indicative of output current IOUT, in accordance with Ohm’s law.
- FIGURE 4 illustrates an example pulsed current battery management system 106B (coupled to a power supply 104, a battery 102, and a system load 402 of battery 102), in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
- pulsed current battery management system 106B shown in FIGURE 4 may be used to implement battery management system 106 of FIGURE 1.
- Pulsed current battery management system 106B shown in FIGURE 4 may be similar in many respects to pulsed current battery management system 106A shown in FIGURE 2. Accordingly, only certain differences between pulsed current battery management system 106B and pulsed current battery management system 106A are discussed below.
- pulsed current battery management system 106B may include a third power converter 404 coupled between the output of second power converter 206 and a system load 402 of battery 102.
- System load 402 may represent one or more components (e.g., of a portable electronic device including battery 102) configured to be powered from battery 102.
- Third power converter 404 may include any system, device, or apparatus configured to transfer electrical energy from the output of second power converter 206 to system load 402. Further, in the architecture shown in FIGURE 4, third power converter 404 may also transfer electrical energy from battery 102 to system load 402. In some embodiments, third power converter 404 may comprise a capacitive power converter or “charge pump.” In other embodiments, third power converter 404 may comprise an inductor-based power converter (e.g., a buck converter, a buck-boost converter, or a boost converter).
- inductor-based power converter e.g., a buck converter, a buck-boost converter, or a boost converter.
- FIGURE 4 depicts third power converter 404 coupled between the output of second power converter 206 and system load 402 of battery 102
- third power converter 404 may instead be coupled between energy reservoir 204 and system load 402 of battery 102, such that third power converter 404 is configured to transfer electrical energy from energy reservoir 204 to system load 402.
- third power converter 404 may instead be coupled between power supply 104 and system load 402 of battery 102, such that third power converter 404 is configured to transfer electrical energy from power supply 104 to system load 402.
- current controller 208 may control only a current delivered to battery 102, but does not control current delivered to system load 402.
- FIGURE 5 illustrates an example pulsed current battery management system 106C (coupled to a power supply 104, a battery 102, and a system load 502 of battery 102), in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
- pulsed current battery management system 106C shown in FIGURE 5 may be used to implement battery management system 106 of FIGURE 1.
- Pulsed current battery management system 106C shown in FIGURE 5 may be similar in many respects to pulsed current battery management system 106A shown in FIGURE 2. Accordingly, only certain differences between pulsed current battery management system 106C and pulsed current battery management system 106A are discussed below.
- pulsed current battery management system 106C may include a third power converter 504 coupled directly between battery 102 and a system load 502 of battery 102.
- System load 502 may represent one or more components (e.g., of a portable electronic device including battery 102) configured to be powered from battery 102.
- Third power converter 504 may include any system, device, or apparatus configured to, transfer electrical energy from the output of battery 102 to system load 502. In addition, third power converter 504 may also transfer electrical energy from the output of second power converter 206 to system load 502. In some embodiments, third power converter 504 may comprise a capacitive power converter or “charge pump.” In other embodiments, third power converter 504 may comprise an inductor-based power converter (e.g., a buck converter, a buck-boost converter, or a boost converter).
- inductor-based power converter e.g., a buck converter, a buck-boost converter, or a boost converter.
- pulsed current battery management system 106C shown in FIGURE 5 versus pulsed current battery management system 106B shown in FIGURE 4 is that in pulsed current battery management system 106C, current controller 208 may control only the sum of the current delivered to battery 102 and the current delivered to system load 502. Thus, in pulsed current battery management system 106C, when an output current limit of power converter 206 is exceeded, battery 102 may also provide electrical energy to system load 502, in addition to electrical energy provided by power converter 206.
- references in the appended claims to an apparatus or system or a component of an apparatus or system being adapted to, arranged to, capable of, configured to, enabled to, operable to, or operative to perform a particular function encompasses that apparatus, system, or component, whether or not it or that particular function is activated, turned on, or unlocked, as long as that apparatus, system, or component is so adapted, arranged, capable, configured, enabled, operable, or operative. Accordingly, modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the systems, apparatuses, and methods described herein without departing from the scope of the disclosure. For example, the components of the systems and apparatuses may be integrated or separated.
- each refers to each member of a set or each member of a subset of a set.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB2315495.8A GB2619890A (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2022-04-06 | Pulsed current battery management system |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US202163179946P | 2021-04-26 | 2021-04-26 | |
US63/179,946 | 2021-04-26 | ||
US17/395,682 | 2021-08-06 | ||
US17/395,682 US20220344958A1 (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2021-08-06 | Pulsed current battery management system |
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WO2022231803A1 true WO2022231803A1 (en) | 2022-11-03 |
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PCT/US2022/023604 WO2022231803A1 (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2022-04-06 | Pulsed current battery management system |
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Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100066309A1 (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2010-03-18 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Method for pulsed charging of a battery in an autonomous system comprising a supercapacitance |
US20140210398A1 (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-31 | Colorado Energy Research Technologies, LLC | Systems and Methods for Efficiently Charging Power Recovery Controller |
-
2022
- 2022-04-06 WO PCT/US2022/023604 patent/WO2022231803A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100066309A1 (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2010-03-18 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Method for pulsed charging of a battery in an autonomous system comprising a supercapacitance |
US20140210398A1 (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-31 | Colorado Energy Research Technologies, LLC | Systems and Methods for Efficiently Charging Power Recovery Controller |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
KUPERMAN A ET AL: "Battery-ultracapacitor hybrids for pulsed current loads: A review", RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, ELSEVIERS SCIENCE, NEW YORK, NY, US, vol. 15, no. 2, 1 February 2011 (2011-02-01), pages 981 - 992, XP027582257, ISSN: 1364-0321, [retrieved on 20101231] * |
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