WO2022231412A1 - Connectable apparatus for paraffin-embedding and cutting histological samples - Google Patents

Connectable apparatus for paraffin-embedding and cutting histological samples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022231412A1
WO2022231412A1 PCT/MX2021/050064 MX2021050064W WO2022231412A1 WO 2022231412 A1 WO2022231412 A1 WO 2022231412A1 MX 2021050064 W MX2021050064 W MX 2021050064W WO 2022231412 A1 WO2022231412 A1 WO 2022231412A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
container
assembled
cylinder
paraffin
cutting
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PCT/MX2021/050064
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jesús Raúl BELTRÁN RAMÍREZ
Jose Antonio ORIZAGA TREJO
Victor Manuel LARIOS ROSILLO
Ma Del Rocio MACIEL ARELLANO
Ma Hidalia CRUZ HERRERA
Xochitl Maritza BECERRA GONZÁLEZ
Xochitl Citlalli JIMENEZ ROMAN
Jonathan De Jesús MARTÍNEZ MENDOZA
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Beltran Ramirez Jesus Raul
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Application filed by Beltran Ramirez Jesus Raul filed Critical Beltran Ramirez Jesus Raul
Publication of WO2022231412A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022231412A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
    • A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J7/00—Micromanipulators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
    • G01N1/06—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting providing a thin slice, e.g. microtome

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to the technical field of mechanics, electronics and more specifically to paraffin waxing and obtaining histological samples, since it provides an assembled apparatus for paraffin waxing and cutting histological samples.
  • the object of study of histology are the tissues (and the cells that compose them). In order to study and understand them, he has two powerful tools that allow him to observe the cellular and tissue microstructure: microscopy and the histological technique.
  • the histological technique is the series of ordered steps that allow the tissue to be prepared for observation through the microscope.
  • the tissue is prepared for observation according to the type of microscope that will be used.
  • the most common technique for preparing samples is the ordinary histological or paraffin-embedding technique.
  • the samples are infiltrated in paraffin, so that they have the right consistency to obtain the blocks with the samples or specimens.
  • the blocks (inclusion) are obtained, they are cut in a piece of equipment called a microtome and with which very thin cuts are obtained (micrometers thick), which allows the cellular and tissue structures to be observed.
  • Paraffin Paraffin, and to a lesser extent celloidin, is used as embedding medium for the embedding of samples to be observed under the light microscope.
  • Paraffin is a waxy-looking substance that is made up of mixtures of saturated hydrocarbons. At room temperature it is solid and its melting point can vary between 40 °C and 70 °C depending on the composition of the substance. hydrocarbon mixture. Thus, harder paraffins at room temperature have a higher melting point, while softer ones have a lower one. A higher hardness is recommended to include harder samples. The most used paraffins have a melting point around 60 °C. We can also modify the characteristics of paraffins by adding substances to vary their hardness, viscosity, brittleness, etc.
  • Paraffin is not miscible with water, while all tissues are mainly made up of water.
  • fixatives are aqueous solutions, this implies that in order for the liquid paraffin to fully penetrate the tissue, the water must be replaced by an organic solvent; This is achieved by dehydrating the tissue in alcohols, usually ethanol, of increasing gradation up to 100° alcohol. The dehydration must be complete because otherwise it will affect the subsequent infiltration of the paraffin. Subsequently, the tissue is transferred to a liquid that is miscible with both 100° alcohol and paraffin, called an intermediate substance, such as benzene, xylene, toluene or propylene oxide, among others.
  • an intermediate substance such as benzene, xylene, toluene or propylene oxide
  • the tissue is transferred to previously liquefied paraffin in an oven set at the appropriate temperature. for this type of paraffin.
  • Three steps are given through liquid paraffin to favor a complete replacement of the intermediate liquid by paraffin. The time that these steps last depends on how volatile the intermediate liquid is and how big our piece is. It will be greater the less volatile the intermediate liquid or the larger the tissue sample. Keep in mind that excessive time in paraffin can harden the tissue. However, the effects of poor infiltration can be more detrimental than keeping samples in liquid paraffin for a long time.
  • liquid paraffin is poured into a mold, the sample is introduced and positioned according to the desired section orientation and allowed to solidify at room temperature.
  • microtomes The mechanical devices for making sections with a thickness of micrometers are called microtomes and there are different types depending on the thickness we want to achieve in our sections, depending on the embedding medium in which the tissue is found and depending on the sample hardening process: by freezing or inclusion.
  • microtome is a precision mechanical equipment that is used to make cuts in tissues, the sections obtained being micrometrically thin enough to allow examination under the microscope. Modern microtomes typically allow sections from 0.1 to 100 micrometers thick.
  • the most traditionally used cutting devices to study the general characteristics of tissues and cells are the microtome for paraffin-embedded material for observations with the optical microscope and the ultramicrotome for observations with the transmission electron microscope.
  • the cryostat is also frequently used in optical microscopy due to the time savings it entails since it does not need to include the tissue, even non-fixed material can be cut.
  • the documents described above do not describe that they have the technical characteristics that allow more than one device to be assembled and to communicate with each other in real time, through an intelligent device such as a telephone, computer or tablet and connect to a mobile application, for remote control and to make several cuts of histological samples that were previously paraffined in the same device and each sample obtained is placed in its respective container; all of the above in a small space.
  • the devices described above do not show that the histological section is carried out by means of a knife held on a rectangular base, which is moved by linear motors and actuators, and slides with the help of a pair of wheels on rails at each end to reach the section where the cut will be made, all in an automated way.
  • each sample can be fixed with liquid paraffin independently in a section that has a peltier plate that cools on one side to solidify the paraffin and on the other side maintains a warm temperature in a recent paraffin storage.
  • the object of the present invention to provide an assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples, which allows more than one apparatus to be assembled and to communicate with each other in real time, by means of an intelligent device such as be a phone, computer or tablet and connect to a mobile application, for remote control and perform various cuts of histological samples.
  • Another object of the present invention is an assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples that performs the histological cut by means of a knife held on a rectangular base, which is moved by motors and linear actuators, and slides with the help of a torque. of wheels on rails at each end to reach the section where the cut will be made, all in an automated manner.
  • An additional object of the present invention is an assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples that allows the fixation, cutting and storage of histological samples.
  • Another object of the present invention is an assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples that automatically performs histological cuts by means of a microcontroller that activates a set of motors and linear actuators that allow the movement of the knife.
  • Figure 1 shows a top view of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples.
  • Figure 2 shows a right side perspective view of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples.
  • Figure 3 shows a front perspective left side view of the structure of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples.
  • Figure 4 shows a bottom view of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples.
  • Figure 5 shows a bottom perspective view of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples.
  • Figure 6 shows a perspective view of the support structure of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples.
  • Figure 7 shows a detailed perspective view of the inside of the cylinder of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples, where the plate on which the actuator and reset button are mounted can be seen.
  • Figure 8 shows a detailed perspective view of the interior of the cylinder of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples, where the container orifice can be seen.
  • Figure 9 shows a detailed perspective view of the container of the assembly device for perform paraffin waxing and sectioning of histological samples.
  • Figure 10 shows a rear perspective view of the assembly of two joinable devices for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples.
  • Electrothermal device 27 Container
  • the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples is made up of a support structure (1) which has two stringers (2) that extend in parallel and are joined at one end by a semicircular section (3);
  • Each stringer (2) of the support structure (1) on the opposite side to where the semicircular section (3) is located, has a rail (4) placed vertically on the inner face of its end that goes to the ground.
  • a bar (5) which is preferably rectangular, has a wheel (6) at each of its ends, said wheels are configured to be inserted into the rail (4), allowing the bar (5) to slide along it.
  • rail (4) having a linear movement up and down.
  • An actuator (7) is placed on the bar (5) by means of a support (8); the stem of the actuator (7) is configured to hold a blade (9) at its end which is responsible for cutting the histological samples at the time the actuator (7) is activated.
  • the actuator (7) can be hydraulic, pneumatic, electric or automatic.
  • the sides of the support structure (1) have a rectangular cut and one of the sides has at least one slot (10) on each side of the rectangular cut, this configuration allows the assembly of a secondary structure (11) the which is preferably rectangular that has on each of its sides with at least one protuberance (12) coinciding with the same number of slots (10), which allows to ensure the assembly between the support structure (1) and the structure secondary (11).
  • a slider (13) is placed on each side of the internal frame of the secondary structure (11); a container (14) configured to store paraffin, has two projections (15) on its sides on which at least one wheel (16) configured to enter the slider (13) is placed, allowing the container (14) slides along said slide (13), having a linear movement up and down.
  • a resistance (17) is placed on either face of the container (14), allowing with this configuration to maintain a temperature inside said container of at least 40 °C, which allows the paraffin to be in a liquid state.
  • the resistance (17) can be an electrothermal device, ceramic plate, mica strip, tubular, flexible, infrared, Silicon and/or the combination of the above.
  • the electrothermal device is preferably a peltier plate.
  • the container (14) has a hole (18) on the surface of one of its faces, preferably the one that is positioned in front of the support structure (1).
  • a pipe (19) is placed in the hole (18) by means of which the liquid paraffin is transported out of the container (14).
  • a pump (not illustrated) is placed inside the container (14), is connected to the pipe (19); This configuration allows the paraffin to be pumped from inside the container (14) to the outside, moving through the pipe (19).
  • At least one motor which can be a servomotor, electric motor or stepper motor, can be installed on any of the wheels (6 and 16), this configuration allows the rotational movement of the motor to be transmitted to said wheels (6 and 16) to allow the linear displacement of the bar (5) and the container (14).
  • a clamping mechanism (20) is placed on the inner wall of the semicircular section (2) of the support structure (1) and is configured to hold a cylinder (21) which is hollow and smaller than the supporting structure. support (1), in such a way that it is protected by said structure.
  • the cylinder (21) has an opening (22) at the front from the upper base to at least half the height of the cylinder (21).
  • An actuator (23) is located in the internal base of the cylinder (21), next to the opening (22), preferably on a plate (24) that is at the base of the cylinder (21) on one side of the opening (22), this configuration allows the actuator (23) to be kept fixed.
  • At least one hearth (25) is placed at the center of the cylinder (21), preferably at half its height;
  • An electrothermal device (26) is placed on said base, which is preferably a peltier plate, whose function is to lower the temperature to solidify the paraffin that covers the histological sample, since it is in contact with a container (27) that is preferably rectangular. which is placed next to said electrothermal device (26), the container (27) is aligned vertically and horizontally with the actuators (7 and 23) respectively.
  • the histological sample is placed on the container (27) to later be covered with paraffin and cut with the knife (9).
  • the base (28) of the container (27) is not fixed and is placed on the tip of the actuator stem (23), which when activated rises together with the histological sample, to subsequently activate the actuator (7) and perform the cut with the knife (9) that is aligned with the container (27).
  • a hole (29 and 34) is placed in one of the walls of the cylinder (21) and of the container (27), preferably in the wall that is on the side of the secondary structure (11); a non-return valve (30) is placed in the orifice (34) of the container (27) and on the opposite side of said valve, the pipe (19) is connected, allowing with this configuration the transfer of the liquid paraffin from the container ( 14) to the container (27) without the risk that the paraffin that comes into contact with the environment, returns to the container (14) and contaminates the stored paraffin; once the histological sample is covered with paraffin, the electrothermal device (26) lowering the temperature of the container (27) allowing the paraffin covering the histological sample to solidify and be ready for subsequent cutting.
  • the base (28) closes hermetically with the container (27), to prevent the paraffin from spilling;
  • a gasket (not illustrated) can be placed between the base (28) and the container (27).
  • At least one flange (31) is placed on the inner wall of the cylinder (21), on which a receptacle (32) is fixed behind the electrothermal device (26); said receptacle (32) is preferably semicircular in shape and is configured to receive the histological samples with paraffin already cut.
  • a sensor (33) preferably of presence is placed on the inner face of the cylinder (21) to one side of the opening (22), positioned facing the container (27), in such a way that it can detect when the blade (9) enters through the opening (22) and cuts the histological sample with paraffin, to send a signal and the actuator (23) is activated to raise and place the histological sample with paraffin in position to make a new cut.
  • the impulse of the knife (9) when making a cut in the histological sample pushes the cut in such a way that it falls into the receptacle (32).
  • the actuators (7 and 23), the sensor (33), the motors (not shown), the pump (not shown) are connected to a microcontroller (not shown), which is housed inside a casing (35) that is place under the cylinder (21).
  • a communication unit (not illustrated) which can be via Bluetooth, WiFi (Wireless Fidelity for its acronym in English), UWB (Ultra Wide Band for its acronym in English) or a combination of the above, said communication unit it is installed inside the casing (35) and connected to the microcontroller; Said communication unit is configured to establish real-time communication with an intelligent device such as a telephone, computer or tablet and connect to a mobile application for remote control of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples.
  • a battery (not illustrated) which can be rechargeable or disposable, is installed inside the casing (35), configured to power the electronic components of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples, such as the microcontroller , the communication unit, actuators (7 and 23), the sensor (33), the motors (not shown), the pump (not shown), the resistance (17); and the electrothermal device (26).
  • the electronic components of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples such as the microcontroller , the communication unit, actuators (7 and 23), the sensor (33), the motors (not shown), the pump (not shown), the resistance (17); and the electrothermal device (26).
  • a reset button (36) is placed on the surface of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples, preferably on the base of the cylinder (21) above the plate (24) to one side of the actuator (23); said reset button is configured to be activated in the event of any failure with the electronic components of the assembled device of the present invention and the operation is restarted.
  • Clamping mechanisms (37) are placed on the upper and rear surface of the support structure (1), the cylinder (21) and/or in the secondary structure (11); This configuration allows another assembled apparatus to paraffinize and cut histological samples with the same characteristics described, as illustrated in figure 10, to be assembled on the upper and/or lower part.
  • each assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples joined together can communicate simultaneously with a single intelligent device, making cuts of histological samples at the same time, in a small place.
  • the fastening mechanisms (20 and 37) can be sailboat, magnetic means, tongue-and-groove mechanisms, screws, bolts, rivets, snaps and/or a combination of the above.

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Abstract

The present invention describes a connectable apparatus for paraffin-embedding and cutting histological samples, which allows: more than one apparatus to be connected and real-time communication among them by means of a smart device, such as a phone, computer or tablet; the apparatuses to be connected to a mobile application for remote control; and multiple cuts of histological samples to be made. The connectable apparatus for paraffin-embedding and cutting histological samples of the invention performs histological cutting using a knife attached to a rectangular base, moved by linear actuators and motors, and slides using a pair of wheels on rails at each end in order to reach the section where the cut is made, all in an automated manner, by means of a microcontroller. The connectable apparatus for paraffin-embedding and cutting histological samples allows histological samples to be fixed, cut and stored.

Description

APARATO ENSAMBLABLE PARA REALIZAR PARAF INADO Y CORTE DE MUESTRAS HISTOLÓGICAS ASSEMBLE APPARATUS TO PERFORM PARAFFINATION AND CUTTING OF HISTOLOGICAL SAMPLES
CAMPO TÉCNICO DE LA INVENCIÓN TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se relaciona con el campo técnico de la mecánica, electrónica y más específicamente con el parafinado y la obtención de muestras histológicas, ya que aporta un aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas. The present invention is related to the technical field of mechanics, electronics and more specifically to paraffin waxing and obtaining histological samples, since it provides an assembled apparatus for paraffin waxing and cutting histological samples.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Para estudiar la estructura de las células, tejidos y órganos que constituyen los componentes del cuerpo humano y organismos pluricelulares, el hombre ha desarrollado diversos métodos y técnicas, con el paso del tiempo, se han perfeccionado los instrumentos necesarios para conocer con más profundidad la morfología y función de los diferentes niveles de organización de la materia. To study the structure of cells, tissues and organs that constitute the components of the human body and multicellular organisms, man has developed various methods and techniques, over time, the necessary instruments have been perfected to know in greater depth the morphology and function of the different levels of organization of matter.
Parece factible que, si deseamos estudiar una célula o una asociación de ellas, para conocer su estructura morfológica microscópica y deducir, en lo posible sus funciones, bastaría examinarlas a través de los instrumentos que amplían imágenes de los objetos observados (microscopios fotónicos y electrónicos); este procedimiento no es factible de realizar, al intentar hacerlo se presentan serias dificultades en la manipulación de los especímenes y el inicio de los procesos propios de descomposición molecular (autólisis) y celular que suelen presentarse después que las células y los tejidos abandonan su hábitat natural. Por lo tanto, es necesario utilizar una serie de procedimientos y artificios que nos permitan describir, comprender y analizar la estructura microscópica de las células, tejidos y órganos. It seems feasible that, if we wish to study a cell or an association of them, in order to know its microscopic morphological structure and deduce, as far as possible, its functions, it would suffice to examine them through the instruments that enlarge images of the observed objects (photon and electronic microscopes). ; This procedure is not feasible to perform, when trying to do it, serious difficulties arise in handling the specimens and the start of the processes of molecular (autolysis) and cellular decomposition that usually occur after the cells and tissues leave their natural habitat. . Therefore, it is necessary to use a series of procedures and artifices that allow us to describe, understand and analyze the microscopic structure of cells, tissues and organs.
El objeto de estudio de la histología son los tejidos (y las células que los componen). A fin de estudiarlos y comprenderlos, cuenta con dos poderosas herramientas que le permiten observar la microestructura celular y tisular: la microscopía y la técnica histológica. The object of study of histology are the tissues (and the cells that compose them). In order to study and understand them, he has two powerful tools that allow him to observe the cellular and tissue microstructure: microscopy and the histological technique.
La técnica histológica es la serie de pasos ordenados que permiten preparar al tejido para su observación a través del microscopio. El tejido se prepara para su observación de acuerdo con el tipo de microscopio que será utilizado. The histological technique is the series of ordered steps that allow the tissue to be prepared for observation through the microscope. The tissue is prepared for observation according to the type of microscope that will be used.
En el caso de la microscopía de campo claro, la técnica más común para preparar las muestras es la técnica histológica ordinaria o de inclusión en parafina. En este proceso, las muestras se infiltran en parafina, con el fin de que tengan la consistencia adecuada para obtener los bloques con las muestras o especímenes. Una vez que se tienen los bloques (inclusión), éstos se cortan en un equipo que se llama micrótomo y con el que se obtienen cortes muy delgados (micrómetros de espesor) lo que permite observar las estructuras celulares y tisulares. In the case of brightfield microscopy, the most common technique for preparing samples is the ordinary histological or paraffin-embedding technique. In this process, the samples are infiltrated in paraffin, so that they have the right consistency to obtain the blocks with the samples or specimens. Once the blocks (inclusion) are obtained, they are cut in a piece of equipment called a microtome and with which very thin cuts are obtained (micrometers thick), which allows the cellular and tissue structures to be observed.
Para la inclusión de muestras que han de observarse con el microscopio óptico se utiliza sobre todo la parafina, y en menor medida la celoidina, como medio de inclusión. Paraffin, and to a lesser extent celloidin, is used as embedding medium for the embedding of samples to be observed under the light microscope.
La parafina es una sustancia de aspecto ceroso que está formada por mezclas de hidrocarburos saturados. A temperatura ambiente es sólida y su punto de fusión puede variar entre 40 °C y 70 °C según la composición de la mezcla de hidrocarburos. Asi, parafinas más duras a temperatura ambiente tienen un punto de fusión mayor, mientras que las más blandas uno menor. Es recomendable una dureza mayor para incluir muestras más duras. Las parafinas más usadas tienen un punto de fusión en torno a los 60 °C. Podemos también modificar las características de las parafinas añadiendo sustancias para variar su dureza, viscosidad, fragilidad, etcétera. Paraffin is a waxy-looking substance that is made up of mixtures of saturated hydrocarbons. At room temperature it is solid and its melting point can vary between 40 °C and 70 °C depending on the composition of the substance. hydrocarbon mixture. Thus, harder paraffins at room temperature have a higher melting point, while softer ones have a lower one. A higher hardness is recommended to include harder samples. The most used paraffins have a melting point around 60 °C. We can also modify the characteristics of paraffins by adding substances to vary their hardness, viscosity, brittleness, etc.
La parafina no es miscible con agua, mientras que todos los tejidos están formados principalmente por agua. Además, la mayoría de los fijadores son soluciones acuosas, esto implica que para que la parafina líquida pueda penetrar completamente en el tejido ha de sustituirse el agua por un solvente orgánico; esto se consigue mediante la deshidratación del tejido en alcoholes, normalmente etanol, de gradación creciente hasta alcohol de 100°. La deshidratación debe ser completa porque de no ser así afectará a la infiltración posterior de la parafina. Posteriormente se transfiere el tejido a un líquido que es miscible tanto con el alcohol de 100° como con la parafina, denominado sustancia intermediaria, como es el benceno, xileno, tolueno o el óxido de propileno, entre otros. Estas sustancias son normalmente aclarantes por lo que comprobando la translucidez de la pieza podemos cerciorarnos de la penetración de la sustancia intermediaria en el tejido. El tiempo de incubación de la pieza en algunos de estos líquidos intermediarios como el tolueno o xileno no debe ser excesivo puesto que estas sustancias endurecen la pieza y crean problemas al hacer las secciones. Paraffin is not miscible with water, while all tissues are mainly made up of water. In addition, most fixatives are aqueous solutions, this implies that in order for the liquid paraffin to fully penetrate the tissue, the water must be replaced by an organic solvent; This is achieved by dehydrating the tissue in alcohols, usually ethanol, of increasing gradation up to 100° alcohol. The dehydration must be complete because otherwise it will affect the subsequent infiltration of the paraffin. Subsequently, the tissue is transferred to a liquid that is miscible with both 100° alcohol and paraffin, called an intermediate substance, such as benzene, xylene, toluene or propylene oxide, among others. These substances are normally lightening, so by checking the translucency of the piece we can make sure of the penetration of the intermediate substance into the tissue. The incubation time of the piece in some of these intermediate liquids such as toluene or xylene should not be excessive since these substances harden the piece and create problems when making the sections.
Por último, se pasa el tejido a parafina previamente licuada en una estufa regulada a la temperatura apropiada para dicho tipo de parafina. Se dan tres pasos por parafina liquida para favorecer una completa sustitución del liquido intermediario por la parafina. El tiempo que dura dichos pasos depende de lo volátil que sea el liquido intermediario y lo grande que sea nuestra pieza. Será mayor cuanto menos volátil es el liquido intermediario o mayor sea la muestra de tejido. Hay que tener en cuenta que un tiempo excesivo en parafina puede endurecer el tejido. Sin embargo, los efectos de una pobre infiltración pueden ser más perjudiciales que mantener mucho tiempo las muestras en parafina liquida. Tras el embebimiento completo de la muestra se vierte parafina liquida en un molde, se introduce la muestra y se coloca según la orientación deseada de corte y se deja solidificar a temperatura ambiente. Finally, the tissue is transferred to previously liquefied paraffin in an oven set at the appropriate temperature. for this type of paraffin. Three steps are given through liquid paraffin to favor a complete replacement of the intermediate liquid by paraffin. The time that these steps last depends on how volatile the intermediate liquid is and how big our piece is. It will be greater the less volatile the intermediate liquid or the larger the tissue sample. Keep in mind that excessive time in paraffin can harden the tissue. However, the effects of poor infiltration can be more detrimental than keeping samples in liquid paraffin for a long time. After complete embedding of the sample, liquid paraffin is poured into a mold, the sample is introduced and positioned according to the desired section orientation and allowed to solidify at room temperature.
Los aparatos mecánicos para hacer secciones de un grosor de micrómetros se denominan microtomos y existen diferentes tipos según el grosor que queramos conseguir en nuestras secciones, según el medio de inclusión en el que se encuentre el tejido y según el proceso de endurecimiento de la muestra: por congelación o por inclusión. The mechanical devices for making sections with a thickness of micrometers are called microtomes and there are different types depending on the thickness we want to achieve in our sections, depending on the embedding medium in which the tissue is found and depending on the sample hardening process: by freezing or inclusion.
El micrótomo es un equipo mecánico de precisión que se utiliza para realizar cortes en tejidos, siendo las secciones conseguidas de espesor micrométrico lo suficientemente delgadas para permitir su examen por el microscopio. Normalmente los microtomos modernos permiten cortes de un espesor de 0.1 hasta 100 micrómetros. The microtome is a precision mechanical equipment that is used to make cuts in tissues, the sections obtained being micrometrically thin enough to allow examination under the microscope. Modern microtomes typically allow sections from 0.1 to 100 micrometers thick.
Los aparatos de corte más usados tradicionalmente para estudiar las características generales de los tejidos y de las células son el microtomo para material incluido en parafina para observaciones con el microscopio óptico y el ultramicrotomo para observaciones con el microscopio electrónico de transmisión. El criostato se usa también frecuentemente en microscopía óptica por el ahorro de tiempo que supone ya que no necesita incluir el tejido, incluso se puede cortar material no fijado. The most traditionally used cutting devices to study the general characteristics of tissues and cells are the microtome for paraffin-embedded material for observations with the optical microscope and the ultramicrotome for observations with the transmission electron microscope. The cryostat is also frequently used in optical microscopy due to the time savings it entails since it does not need to include the tissue, even non-fixed material can be cut.
Se realizó una búsqueda del estado de la técnica de aparatos ensamblables para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas, donde se encontró el documento de patente de Estados Unidos de América número US9733166 (B2), con fecha de publicación del 15 de agosto de 2017, que tiene como título "DISPOSITIVO Y MÉTODO PARA LA MANIPULACIÓN E INCLUSIÓN DE TEJIDOS", el cual describe un dispositivo para inclusión de tejidos, el cual comprende un mecanismo de transporte para un miembro de entrada, el miembro de entrada está adaptado para sostener una pluralidad de soportes de tejido, cada soporte de tejido se encuentra asociado con un molde, un baño de cera y una estación de enfriamiento en el que el mecanismo de transporte mueve el miembro de entrada desde un baño de cera a una estación de enfriamiento. El dispositivo para fijación de tejidos en un medio de inclusión que puede ser parafina, cuenta con un miembro de entrada el cual contiene soportes con las muestras histológicas, dicho miembro se mueve mediante un brazo robótico primeramente a la cámara de incrustación donde se fija el tejido y posteriormente a la estación de enfriamiento. A search of the state of the art of assembling devices to paraffinize and cut histological samples was carried out, where the United States of America patent document number US9733166 (B2) was found, with a publication date of August 15, 2017, which has the title "DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE HANDLING AND EMBEDDING OF TISSUES", which describes a device for tissue embedding, which comprises a transport mechanism for an input member, the input member is adapted to hold a plurality of tissue supports, each tissue support is associated with a mould, a wax bath and a cooling station in which the transport mechanism moves the input member from a wax bath to a cooling station. The device for tissue fixation in an embedding medium that can be paraffin, has an input member which contains supports with histological samples, said member moves by means of a robotic arm first to the embedding chamber where the tissue is fixed. and later to the cooling station.
También se encontró el documento de patente de Estados Unidos de América US8968683 (B2), con fecha de publicación del 03 de marzo de 2015, que tiene como título "APARATO DE MANIPULACIÓN DE MUESTRAS DE TEJIDO", que se refiere a un aparato de manipulación de muestras de tejido, en particular para la toma de muestras histológicas después de la infiltración de un medio de inclusión como, por ejemplo, parafina. El aparato para manipulación de muestras histológicas se conforma de un sistema con tuberías y boquillas intercambiables de diversos tamaños, las cuales sostienen las muestras ya fijadas en parafina o algún otro medio de inclusión, para sujetarlas utiliza presión negativa, la cual permite tomarlas de forma firme pero suave evitando la manipulación directa por el usuario. The United States of America patent document US8968683 (B2) was also found, with a publication date of March 03, 2015, which has the title "TISSUE SAMPLES HANDLING APPARATUS", which refers to a handling apparatus of tissue samples, in particular for the taking of histological samples after infiltration of an embedding medium such as paraffin. The apparatus for handling histological samples is made up of a system with interchangeable pipes and nozzles of various sizes, which hold the samples already fixed in paraffin or some other embedding medium, to hold them using negative pressure, which allows them to be taken firmly. but soft avoiding direct manipulation by the user.
Otro documento encontrado, es una patente de Alemania número DE102015002382 (B3), con fecha de publicación del 18 de febrero de 2016, que tiene como titulo "MICROTOMO CON OPERACIÓN DE CORTE MOTORIZADA", el cual describe un micrótomo con accionamiento motorizado para que el movimiento de corte produzca secciones delgadas para histología; el objeto de la microtomo es limitar el efecto de la fuerza en caso de accidente o daño para que se encuentre dentro de un rango permisible y asi se eviten o reduzcan lesiones y daños y el micrótomo sea intrínsecamente seguro en la operación de corte, tanto para el usuario como para la muestra al utilizar un microtomo. Another document found is a German patent number DE102015002382 (B3), with a publication date of February 18, 2016, entitled "MICROTOME WITH MOTORIZED CUTTING OPERATION", which describes a microtome with motorized drive so that the cutting motion produces thin sections for histology; The purpose of the microtome is to limit the effect of force in the event of an accident or damage so that it is within a permissible range and thus injuries and damages are avoided or reduced and the microtome is intrinsically safe in the cutting operation, both for the user as for the sample when using a microtome.
Por último, se encontró el documento de la solicitud de patente internacional número WO2016128604 (Al), con fecha de publicación del 18 de agosto del 2016, que tiene como titulo "DISPOSITIVO DE POSICIONAMIENTO AUTOMÁTICO PARA EL CORTE DE TEJIDO TRIDIMENSIONAL EN UNA MUESTRA, VIBRATOMO COMPUESTO Y USO DEL MISMO", el cual se refiere a un dispositivo de posicionamiento automático para el corte tridimensional de tejido, en una muestra de tejido vivo o fija, caracterizado porque comprende al menos: una plataforma para depositar las muestras de tejido; un subsistema electromecánico que comprende al menos un primer motor y unos primeros medios mecánicos que mueven la plataforma de manera angular; y un segundo motor y unos segundos medios mecánicos que inclinan la plataforma (1). También se refiere a un vibratomo que comprende dicho dispositivo de posicionamiento y al uso de este en histología, anatomía, neurociencia, bioquímica o farmacología . Finally, the international patent application document number WO2016128604 (Al) was found, with publication date of August 18, 2016, which has the title "AUTOMATIC POSITIONING DEVICE FOR CUTTING THREE-DIMENSIONAL TISSUE IN A SAMPLE, VIBRATOME COMPOUND AND USE THEREOF", which refers to an automatic positioning device for three-dimensional tissue cutting, in a living or fixed tissue sample, characterized in that it comprises at least: a platform for depositing tissue samples; an electromechanical subsystem comprising at least a first motor and some first mechanical means that move the platform angular way; and a second motor and second mechanical means that tilt the platform (1). It also relates to a vibratome comprising said positioning device and its use in histology, anatomy, neuroscience, biochemistry or pharmacology.
Como se puede observar, los documentos anteriormente descritos no describen que tengan las características técnicas que permitan ensamblar más de un aparato y que se comuniquen entre sí en tiempo real, por medio de un dispositivo inteligente como puede ser un teléfono, computadora o tableta y conectarse a una aplicación móvil, para el control remoto y realizar varios cortes de muestras histológicas que fueron previamente parafinadas en el mismo dispositivo y cada muestra obtenida es colocada en su respectivo recipiente; todo lo anterior en un espacio reducido. As can be seen, the documents described above do not describe that they have the technical characteristics that allow more than one device to be assembled and to communicate with each other in real time, through an intelligent device such as a telephone, computer or tablet and connect to a mobile application, for remote control and to make several cuts of histological samples that were previously paraffined in the same device and each sample obtained is placed in its respective container; all of the above in a small space.
Los dispositivos anteriormente descritos no evidencian que el corte histológico se efectúa mediante una navaja sujeta sobre una base rectangular, la cual se mueve mediante motores y actuadores lineales, y se desliza con ayuda de un par de ruedas sobre rieles en cada extremo para llegar a la sección donde se efectuara el corte, todo de manera automatizada . The devices described above do not show that the histological section is carried out by means of a knife held on a rectangular base, which is moved by linear motors and actuators, and slides with the help of a pair of wheels on rails at each end to reach the section where the cut will be made, all in an automated way.
Otra diferencia que se evidencia del aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas motivo de la presente invención y de los documentos descritos anteriormente es que ninguno presenta la característica de poder realizar la fijación, corte y almacenamiento de muestras histológicas; además que cuente con dos o más secciones dentro de las cuales se tiene un recipiente para colocar el tejido dentro del cual se introduce la parafina. Another difference that is evident in the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples, which is the reason for the present invention and the documents described above, is that neither has the characteristic of being able to fixate, cut and store histological samples; In addition, it has two or more sections within which there is a container to place the tissue into which the paraffin is introduced.
Tampoco describen que se pueda fijar cada muestra con parafina liquida de forma independiente en una sección que cuenta con una placa peltier que enfria de un lado para solidificar la parafina y del otro lado mantiene una temperatura cálida en un reciente de almacenamiento de parafina. Nor do they describe that each sample can be fixed with liquid paraffin independently in a section that has a peltier plate that cools on one side to solidify the paraffin and on the other side maintains a warm temperature in a recent paraffin storage.
Los documentos anteriormente descritos tampoco describen que realicen cortes histológicos de forma automatizada por medio de un microcontrolador que activa un conjunto de motores y actuadores lineales que permiten el movimiento de la navaja. The documents described above also do not describe making histological sections in an automated manner by means of a microcontroller that activates a set of linear motors and actuators that allow the movement of the knife.
Por último, los documentos anteriormente descritos tampoco describen que la fijación de la muestra con parafina se realiza de forma automatizada por medio de un recipiente externo que contiene la parafina liquida que pasa a través de una tubería hasta llegar al tejido. Lastly, the documents described above also do not describe that the fixation of the sample with paraffin is carried out automatically by means of an external container that contains the liquid paraffin that passes through a pipe until it reaches the tissue.
OBJETO DE LA INVENCION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
Es, por lo tanto, objeto de la presente invención, proporcionar un aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas, que permite ensamblar más de un aparato y que se comuniquen entre sí en tiempo real, por medio de un dispositivo inteligente como puede ser un teléfono, computadora o tableta y conectarse a una aplicación móvil, para el control remoto y realizar varios cortes de muestras histológicas. Otro objeto de la presente invención es un aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas que efectúa el corte histológico mediante una navaja sujeta sobre una base rectangular, la cual se mueve mediante motores y actuadores lineales, y se desliza con ayuda de un par de ruedas sobre rieles en cada extremo para llegar a la sección donde se efectuara el corte, todo de manera automatizada. It is, therefore, the object of the present invention to provide an assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples, which allows more than one apparatus to be assembled and to communicate with each other in real time, by means of an intelligent device such as be a phone, computer or tablet and connect to a mobile application, for remote control and perform various cuts of histological samples. Another object of the present invention is an assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples that performs the histological cut by means of a knife held on a rectangular base, which is moved by motors and linear actuators, and slides with the help of a torque. of wheels on rails at each end to reach the section where the cut will be made, all in an automated manner.
Un objeto adicional de la presente invención es un aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas que permita realizar la fijación, corte y almacenamiento de muestras histológicas. An additional object of the present invention is an assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples that allows the fixation, cutting and storage of histological samples.
Otro objeto de la presente invención es un aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas que realiza cortes histológicos de forma automatizada por medio de un microcontrolador que activa un conjunto de motores y actuadores lineales que permiten el movimiento de la navaja. Another object of the present invention is an assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples that automatically performs histological cuts by means of a microcontroller that activates a set of motors and linear actuators that allow the movement of the knife.
BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Los detalles característicos de este novedoso aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas se muestran claramente en la siguiente descripción y en las figuras que se acompañan, asi como una ilustración de aquella, y siguiendo los mismos signos de referencia para indicar las partes mostradas. Sin embargo, dichas figuras se muestran a manera de ejemplo y no deben de ser consideradas como limitativas para la presente invención. La figura 1 muestra una vista superior del aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas. The characteristic details of this novel assembling apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples are clearly shown in the following description and in the accompanying figures, as well as an illustration thereof, and following the same reference signs to indicate the parts shown. . However, said figures are shown by way of example and should not be considered as limiting the present invention. Figure 1 shows a top view of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples.
La figura 2 muestra una vista lateral derecha en perspectiva del aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas. Figure 2 shows a right side perspective view of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples.
La figura 3 muestra una vista lateral izquierda en perspectiva frontal de la estructura del aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas. Figure 3 shows a front perspective left side view of the structure of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples.
La figura 4 muestra una vista inferior del aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas. Figure 4 shows a bottom view of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples.
La figura 5 muestra una vista en perspectiva inferior del aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas. Figure 5 shows a bottom perspective view of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples.
La figura 6 muestra una vista en perspectiva de la estructura de soporte del aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas. Figure 6 shows a perspective view of the support structure of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples.
La figura 7 muestra una vista en perspectiva a detalle del interior del cilindro del aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas, donde se aprecia la placa sobre la cual se monta el actuador y botón de reinicio. Figure 7 shows a detailed perspective view of the inside of the cylinder of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples, where the plate on which the actuator and reset button are mounted can be seen.
La figura 8 muestra una vista en perspectiva a detalle del interior del cilindro del aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas, donde se aprecia el orificio del recipiente. Figure 8 shows a detailed perspective view of the interior of the cylinder of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples, where the container orifice can be seen.
La figura 9 muestra una vista en perspectiva a detalle del contenedor del aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas. Figure 9 shows a detailed perspective view of the container of the assembly device for perform paraffin waxing and sectioning of histological samples.
La figura 10 muestra una vista en perspectiva posterior del ensamble de dos aparatos ensamblables para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas. Figure 10 shows a rear perspective view of the assembly of two joinable devices for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Para una mejor comprensión de la invención, a continuación, se enlistan las partes que componen el aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas: For a better understanding of the invention, the parts that make up the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples are listed below:
I.Estructura de soporte 2.Largueros I. Support structure 2. Stringers
3.Sección semicircular 4.Riel 3.Semicircular section 4.Rail
5.Barra 5.Bar
6.Rueda 6.Wheel
7.Actuador 7.Actuator
8.Soporte 8.Support
9.Navaja 9. Razor
10.Ranura 10.Slot
II.Estructura secundaria 12.Protuberancia II.Secondary structure 12.Bulge
13.Corredera 13.Slider
14.Contenedor 14.Container
15.Saliente 15.Outgoing
16.Rueda 16.Wheel
17.Resistencia 18.Orificio 17.Resistor 18.Orifice
19.Tubería 19.Pipe
20.Mecanismo de sujeción 20. Clamping mechanism
21.Cilindro 22.Abertura 21.Cylinder 22.Opening
23.Actuador 23.Actuator
24.Placa 24.Plate
25.Solera 25.Solera
26.Dispositivo electrotérmico 27.Recipiente 26. Electrothermal device 27. Container
28.Base 29.Orificio 30.Válvula 31.Pestaña 28.Base 29.Orifice 30.Valve 31.Flange
32.Receptáculo 32.Receptacle
33.Sensor 33.Sensor
34.Orificio 34.hole
35.Carcasa 35.Casing
36.Botón de reinicio 36.Reset button
37.Mecanismo de sujeción 37. Clamping mechanism
Con referencia a las figuras, el aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas está conformado por una estructura de soporte (1) la cual cuenta con dos largueros (2) que se extienden de manera paralela y se unen en un extremo por una sección semicircular (3); cada larguero (2) de la estructura de soporte (1) del lado contrario a donde se encuentra la sección semicircular (3), tiene un riel (4) colocado de manera vertical en la cara interna de su extremo que va al suelo. With reference to the figures, the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples is made up of a support structure (1) which has two stringers (2) that extend in parallel and are joined at one end by a semicircular section (3); Each stringer (2) of the support structure (1) on the opposite side to where the semicircular section (3) is located, has a rail (4) placed vertically on the inner face of its end that goes to the ground.
Una barra (5) la cual es preferentemente rectangular, tiene una rueda (6) en cada uno de sus extremos, dichas ruedas están configuradas para introducirse al riel (4), permitiendo que la barra (5) se deslice a lo largo del mismo riel (4), teniendo un movimiento lineal hacia arriba y abajo. Un actuador (7) se coloca sobre la barra (5) por medio de un soporte (8); el vástago del actuador (7) está configurado para sujetar una navaja (9) en su extremo la cual se encarga de realizar el corte de las muestras histológicas al momento que el actuador (7) es accionado. El actuador (7) puede ser hidráulico, neumático, eléctrico o automático. A bar (5) which is preferably rectangular, has a wheel (6) at each of its ends, said wheels are configured to be inserted into the rail (4), allowing the bar (5) to slide along it. rail (4), having a linear movement up and down. An actuator (7) is placed on the bar (5) by means of a support (8); the stem of the actuator (7) is configured to hold a blade (9) at its end which is responsible for cutting the histological samples at the time the actuator (7) is activated. The actuator (7) can be hydraulic, pneumatic, electric or automatic.
Los costados de la estructura de soporte (1) cuentan con un corte rectangular y uno de los costados tiene, al menos, una ranura (10) en cada lado del corte rectangular, esta configuración permite el ensamble de una estructura secundaria (11) la cual es preferentemente rectangular que cuenta en cada uno de sus costados con, al menos, una protuberancia (12) coincidiendo con el mismo número de ranuras (10), lo que permite asegurar el ensamble entre la estructura de soporte (1) y la estructura secundaria (11). The sides of the support structure (1) have a rectangular cut and one of the sides has at least one slot (10) on each side of the rectangular cut, this configuration allows the assembly of a secondary structure (11) the which is preferably rectangular that has on each of its sides with at least one protuberance (12) coinciding with the same number of slots (10), which allows to ensure the assembly between the support structure (1) and the structure secondary (11).
Una corredera (13) se coloca en cada costado del marco interno de la estructura secundaria (11); un contenedor (14) configurado para almacenar parafina, tiene dos salientes (15) en sus costados sobre las cuales se coloca, al menos, una rueda (16) configuradas para introducirse a la corredera (13), permitiendo que el contenedor (14) se deslice a lo largo de dicha corredera (13), teniendo un movimiento lineal hacia arriba y abajo. A slider (13) is placed on each side of the internal frame of the secondary structure (11); a container (14) configured to store paraffin, has two projections (15) on its sides on which at least one wheel (16) configured to enter the slider (13) is placed, allowing the container (14) slides along said slide (13), having a linear movement up and down.
Una resistencia (17) se coloca en cualquier cara del contenedor (14), permitiendo con esta configuración que se mantenga una temperatura dentro de dicho contenedor, de al menos, 40 °C lo que permite que la parafina se encuentre en un estado liquido. La resistencia (17) puede ser un dispositivo electrotérmico, placa cerámica, tira mica, tubular, flexible, infrarroja, de Silicon y/o la combinación de las anteriores. El dispositivo electrotérmico es preferentemente una placa peltier. A resistance (17) is placed on either face of the container (14), allowing with this configuration to maintain a temperature inside said container of at least 40 °C, which allows the paraffin to be in a liquid state. The resistance (17) can be an electrothermal device, ceramic plate, mica strip, tubular, flexible, infrared, Silicon and/or the combination of the above. The electrothermal device is preferably a peltier plate.
El contenedor (14) tiene un orificio (18) en la superficie de una de sus caras, preferentemente la que se encuentra posicionada delante de la estructura de soporte (1). Una tubería (19) se coloca en el orificio (18) por medio de la cual se transporta la parafina líquida fuera del contenedor (14). Una bomba (no ilustrada) se coloca en el interior del contenedor (14), se conecta a la tubería (19); esta configuración permite bombear la parafina del interior del contenedor (14) al exterior, trasladándose por medio de la tubería (19). The container (14) has a hole (18) on the surface of one of its faces, preferably the one that is positioned in front of the support structure (1). A pipe (19) is placed in the hole (18) by means of which the liquid paraffin is transported out of the container (14). A pump (not illustrated) is placed inside the container (14), is connected to the pipe (19); This configuration allows the paraffin to be pumped from inside the container (14) to the outside, moving through the pipe (19).
Al menos, un motor (no ilustrado) el cual puede ser un servomotor, motor eléctrico o motor a pasos, se puede instalar en cualquiera de las ruedas (6 y 16), esta configuración permite que el movimiento de giro del motor se transmita a dichas rueda (6 y 16) para permitir el desplazamiento lineal de la barra (5) y el contenedor (14). At least one motor (not illustrated) which can be a servomotor, electric motor or stepper motor, can be installed on any of the wheels (6 and 16), this configuration allows the rotational movement of the motor to be transmitted to said wheels (6 and 16) to allow the linear displacement of the bar (5) and the container (14).
Un mecanismo de sujeción (20) se coloca en la pared interna de la sección semicircular (2) de la estructura de soporte (1) y está configurado para sujetar un cilindro (21) el cual es hueco y de menor dimensión que la estructura de soporte (1), de tal manera que está protegido por dicha estructura . A clamping mechanism (20) is placed on the inner wall of the semicircular section (2) of the support structure (1) and is configured to hold a cylinder (21) which is hollow and smaller than the supporting structure. support (1), in such a way that it is protected by said structure.
El cilindro (21) tiene en la parte delantera una abertura (22) desde la base superior hasta, al menos, la mitad de la altura del cilindro (21). Un actuador (23) se encuentra en la base interna del cilindro (21), junto a la abertura (22), preferentemente sobre una placa (24) que se encuentra en la base del cilindro (21) a un lado de la abertura (22), esta configuración permite mantener fijo el actuador (23). The cylinder (21) has an opening (22) at the front from the upper base to at least half the height of the cylinder (21). An actuator (23) is located in the internal base of the cylinder (21), next to the opening (22), preferably on a plate (24) that is at the base of the cylinder (21) on one side of the opening (22), this configuration allows the actuator (23) to be kept fixed.
Al menos, una solera (25) se coloca al centro del cilindro (21), preferentemente a la mitad de su altura; sobre dicha solera se coloca un dispositivo electrotérmico (26) el cual preferentemente es una placa peltier, cuya función es disminuir la temperatura para solidificar la parafina que cubre la muestra histológica, ya que está en contacto con un recipiente (27) que preferentemente es rectangular el cual está colocado junto a dicho dispositivo electrotérmico (26), el recipiente (27) está alineado vertical y horizontalmente con los actuadores (7 y 23) respectivamente. Sobre el recipiente (27) se coloca la muestra histológica para posteriormente ser cubierta con la parafina y cortada con la navaja (9). La base (28) del recipiente (27) no es fija y se coloca sobre la punta del vástago del actuador (23), el cual al ser activado sube junto con la muestra histológica, para posteriormente activar el actuador (7) y realizar el corte con la navaja (9) que está alineado con el recipiente (27). At least one hearth (25) is placed at the center of the cylinder (21), preferably at half its height; An electrothermal device (26) is placed on said base, which is preferably a peltier plate, whose function is to lower the temperature to solidify the paraffin that covers the histological sample, since it is in contact with a container (27) that is preferably rectangular. which is placed next to said electrothermal device (26), the container (27) is aligned vertically and horizontally with the actuators (7 and 23) respectively. The histological sample is placed on the container (27) to later be covered with paraffin and cut with the knife (9). The base (28) of the container (27) is not fixed and is placed on the tip of the actuator stem (23), which when activated rises together with the histological sample, to subsequently activate the actuator (7) and perform the cut with the knife (9) that is aligned with the container (27).
Un orificio (29 y 34) se coloca en una de las paredes del cilindro (21) y del recipiente (27), preferentemente en la pared que se encuentra del lado de la estructura secundaria (11); una válvula (30) de no retorno se coloca en el orificio (34) del recipiente (27) y del lado contrario de dicha válvula, se conecta la tubería (19), permitiendo con esta configuración el traslado de la parafina liquida del contenedor (14) al recipiente (27) sin el riesgo de que la parafina que entra en contacto con el medio ambiente, retorne al contenedor (14) y contamine la parafina almacenada; una vez que la muestra histológica se cubre con la parafina, el dispositivo electrotérmico (26) disminuyendo la temperatura del recipiente (27) permitiendo que la parafina que cubre la muestra histológica se solidifique y quede lista para su posterior corte. A hole (29 and 34) is placed in one of the walls of the cylinder (21) and of the container (27), preferably in the wall that is on the side of the secondary structure (11); a non-return valve (30) is placed in the orifice (34) of the container (27) and on the opposite side of said valve, the pipe (19) is connected, allowing with this configuration the transfer of the liquid paraffin from the container ( 14) to the container (27) without the risk that the paraffin that comes into contact with the environment, returns to the container (14) and contaminates the stored paraffin; once the histological sample is covered with paraffin, the electrothermal device (26) lowering the temperature of the container (27) allowing the paraffin covering the histological sample to solidify and be ready for subsequent cutting.
La base (28) cierra herméticamente con el recipiente (27), para impedir que la parafina se derrame; para asegurar el cierre hermético, se puede colocar un empaque (no ilustrado) entre la base (28) y el recipiente (27). The base (28) closes hermetically with the container (27), to prevent the paraffin from spilling; To ensure hermetic closure, a gasket (not illustrated) can be placed between the base (28) and the container (27).
Al menos, una pestaña (31) se coloca en la pared interna del cilindro (21), sobre la cual se fija un receptáculo (32) detrás del dispositivo electrotérmico (26); dicho receptáculo (32) preferentemente es de forma semicircular y está configurado para recibir las muestras histológicas con parafina ya cortadas. At least one flange (31) is placed on the inner wall of the cylinder (21), on which a receptacle (32) is fixed behind the electrothermal device (26); said receptacle (32) is preferably semicircular in shape and is configured to receive the histological samples with paraffin already cut.
Un sensor (33) preferentemente de presencia se coloca en la cara interna del cilindro (21) a un lado de la abertura (22), posicionado viendo al recipiente (27), de tal manera que puede detectar cuando la navaja (9) entra por la abertura (22) y realiza el corte de la muestra histológica con parafina, para enviar una señal y que el actuador (23) sea accionado para subir y colocar la muestra histológica con parafina en posición para realizar un nuevo corte. A sensor (33) preferably of presence is placed on the inner face of the cylinder (21) to one side of the opening (22), positioned facing the container (27), in such a way that it can detect when the blade (9) enters through the opening (22) and cuts the histological sample with paraffin, to send a signal and the actuator (23) is activated to raise and place the histological sample with paraffin in position to make a new cut.
El impulso de la navaja (9) al momento de realizar un corte en la muestra histológica, empuja el corte de tal manera que cae en el receptáculo (32). The impulse of the knife (9) when making a cut in the histological sample, pushes the cut in such a way that it falls into the receptacle (32).
Los actuadores (7 y 23), el sensor (33), los motores (no ilustrados), la bomba (no ilustrada) están conectados a un microcontrolador (no ilustrado), el cual está albergado dentro de una carcasa (35) que se coloca debajo del cilindro (21). Una unidad de comunicación (no ilustrada) la cual puede ser por medio de Bluetooth, WiFi (Wireless Fidelity por sus siglas en inglés), UWB (Ultra Wide Band por sus siglas en inglés) o la combinación de los anteriores, dicha unidad de comunicación se encuentra instalada en el interior de la carcasa (35) y conectado al microcontrolador; dicha unidad de comunicación está configurada para establecer comunicación en tiempo real con un dispositivo inteligente como puede ser un teléfono, computadora o tableta y conectarse a una aplicación móvil, para el control remoto del aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas. The actuators (7 and 23), the sensor (33), the motors (not shown), the pump (not shown) are connected to a microcontroller (not shown), which is housed inside a casing (35) that is place under the cylinder (21). A communication unit (not illustrated) which can be via Bluetooth, WiFi (Wireless Fidelity for its acronym in English), UWB (Ultra Wide Band for its acronym in English) or a combination of the above, said communication unit it is installed inside the casing (35) and connected to the microcontroller; Said communication unit is configured to establish real-time communication with an intelligent device such as a telephone, computer or tablet and connect to a mobile application for remote control of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples.
Una batería (no ilustrada) la cual puede ser recargable o desechable, se encuentra instalada en el interior de la carcasa (35), configurada para energizar los componentes electrónicos del aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas, tales como, el microcontrolador, la unidad de comunicación, actuadores (7 y 23), el sensor (33), los motores (no ilustrados), la bomba (no ilustrada), la resistencia (17); y el dispositivo electrotérmico (26). A battery (not illustrated) which can be rechargeable or disposable, is installed inside the casing (35), configured to power the electronic components of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples, such as the microcontroller , the communication unit, actuators (7 and 23), the sensor (33), the motors (not shown), the pump (not shown), the resistance (17); and the electrothermal device (26).
En la superficie del aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas se coloca un botón de reinicio (36), preferentemente sobre la base del cilindro (21) encima de la placa (24) a un lado del actuador (23); dicho botón de reinicio está configurado para activarse en caso de alguna falla con los componentes electrónicos del aparato ensamblable de la presente invención y se reinicie la operación. A reset button (36) is placed on the surface of the assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples, preferably on the base of the cylinder (21) above the plate (24) to one side of the actuator (23); said reset button is configured to be activated in the event of any failure with the electronic components of the assembled device of the present invention and the operation is restarted.
Unos mecanismos de sujeción (37) se colocan en la superficie superior y posterior de la estructura de soporte (1), el cilindro (21) y/o en la estructura secundaria (11); esta configuración permite que se pueda ensamblar en la parte superior y/o inferior otro aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas con las mismas características descritas, tal como se ilustra en la figura 10. Clamping mechanisms (37) are placed on the upper and rear surface of the support structure (1), the cylinder (21) and/or in the secondary structure (11); This configuration allows another assembled apparatus to paraffinize and cut histological samples with the same characteristics described, as illustrated in figure 10, to be assembled on the upper and/or lower part.
Gracias a la unidad de comunicación (no ilustrada) de cada aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas unido entre si, se pueden comunicar de manera simultánea con un solo un dispositivo inteligente, haciendo cortes de muestras histológicas al mismo tiempo, en un lugar reducido. Thanks to the communication unit (not illustrated) of each assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples joined together, they can communicate simultaneously with a single intelligent device, making cuts of histological samples at the same time, in a small place.
Los mecanismos de sujeción (20 y 37) pueden ser velero, medios magnéticos, mecanismos machihembrado, tornillos, pernos, remaches, broches y/o la combinación de los anteriores . The fastening mechanisms (20 and 37) can be sailboat, magnetic means, tongue-and-groove mechanisms, screws, bolts, rivets, snaps and/or a combination of the above.
El invento ha sido descrito suficientemente como para que una persona con conocimientos medios en la materia pueda reproducir y obtener los resultados que mencionamos en la presente invención. Sin embargo, cualquier persona hábil en el campo de la técnica que compete el presente invento puede ser capaz de hacer modificaciones no descritas en la presente solicitud, sin embargo, si para la aplicación de estas modificaciones en una estructura determinada o en el proceso de manufactura de este, se requiere de la materia reclamada en las siguientes reivindicaciones, dichas estructuras deberán ser comprendidas dentro del alcance de la invención. The invention has been sufficiently described so that a person with average knowledge in the matter can reproduce and obtain the results that we mention in the present invention. However, any skilled person in the technical field that the present invention is responsible for may be able to make modifications not described in this application, however, if for the application of these modifications in a given structure or in the manufacturing process of this, the matter claimed in the following claims is required, said structures should be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Un aparato ensamblable para realizar parafinado y corte de muestras histológicas, caracterizado porque comprende: una estructura de soporte (1) la cual cuenta con dos largueros (2) que se extienden de manera paralela y se unen en un extremo por una sección semicircular (3); cada larguero (2) de la estructura de soporte (1) del lado contrario a donde se encuentra la sección semicircular (3), tiene un riel (4) colocado de manera vertical en la cara interna de su extremo que va al suelo; una barra (5) con una rueda (6) en cada uno de sus extremos, se introduce en el riel (4) por medio de dichas ruedas (6); un actuador (7) se coloca sobre la barra (5) por medio de un soporte (8); una navaja (9) se coloca en extremo del vástago del actuador (7); los costados de la estructura de soporte (1) cuentan con un corte rectangular y uno de los costados tiene, al menos, una ranura (10) en cada lado del corte rectangular; una estructura secundaria (11) se ensambla sobre dichas ranuras (10) por medio de , al menos, una protuberancia (12) que se encuentra en cada costado de la estructura secundaria; una corredera (13) se coloca en cada costado del marco interno de la estructura secundaria (11); un contenedor (14) tiene dos salientes (15) en sus costados sobre las cuales se coloca, al menos, una rueda (16) que se introduce a la corredera (13); una resistencia (17) se coloca en cualquier cara del contenedor (14); un orificio (18) se coloca en la superficie de una de las caras del contenedor (14); una tubería (19) se coloca en el orificio (18); una bomba se coloca en el interior del contenedor (14) y se conecta con la tubería (19); un mecanismo de sujeción (20) se coloca en la pared interna de la sección semicircular (2) de la estructura de soporte (1); dicho mecanismo de sujeción (20) sujeta un cilindro (21) el cual es hueco y de menor dimensión que la estructura de soporte (1); el cilindro (21) tiene en la parte delantera una abertura (22) desde la base superior hasta, al menos, la mitad de su altura; un actuador (23) se encuentra en la base interna del cilindro (21), junto a la abertura (22); al menos, una solera (25) se coloca al centro del cilindro (21), sobre dicha solera se coloca un dispositivo electrotérmico (26) que está en contacto con un recipiente (27) que está alineado vertical y horizontalmente con los actuadores (7 y 23) respectivamente; la base (28) del recipiente (27) no es fija y se coloca sobre la punta del vástago del actuador (23); un orificio (29 y 34) se coloca en una de las paredes del cilindro (21) y del recipiente (27); una válvula (30) de no retorno se coloca en el orificio (34) del recipiente (27) y del lado contrario de dicha válvula, se conecta la tubería (19); al menos, una pestaña (31) se coloca en la pared interna del cilindro (21), sobre la cual se fija un receptáculo (32) detrás del dispositivo electrotérmico (26); un sensor (33) se coloca en la cara interna del cilindro (21) a un lado de la abertura (22), posicionado viendo al recipiente (27); un microcontrolador se coloca debajo del cilindro (21) y está albergado dentro de una carcasa (35), dicho microcontrolador se encuentra conectado con los actuadores (7 y 23), el sensor (33) y la bomba; una unidad de comunicación se encuentra instalada en el interior de la carcasa (35) y conectado al microcontrolador; una batería se encuentra instalada en el interior de la carcasa (35); un botón de reinicio (36) se coloca sobre la base del cilindro (21); y unos mecanismos de sujeción (37) se colocan en la superficie superior y posterior de la estructura de soporte (1), el cilindro (21) y/o en la estructura secundaria (11). 1. An assembled apparatus for paraffinizing and cutting histological samples, characterized in that it comprises: a support structure (1) which has two stringers (2) that extend in parallel and are joined at one end by a semicircular section (3); each stringer (2) of the support structure (1) on the opposite side to where the semicircular section (3) is located, has a rail (4) placed vertically on the inner face of its end that goes to the ground; a bar (5) with a wheel (6) at each of its ends, is inserted into the rail (4) by means of said wheels (6); an actuator (7) is placed on the bar (5) by means of a support (8); a blade (9) is placed at the end of the actuator stem (7); the sides of the support structure (1) have a rectangular cut and one of the sides has at least one slot (10) on each side of the rectangular cut; a secondary structure (11) is assembled on said grooves (10) by means of at least one protuberance (12) located on each side of the secondary structure; a slider (13) is placed on each side of the internal frame of the secondary structure (11); a container (14) has two projections (15) on its sides on which at least one wheel (16) is placed, which is inserted into the slider (13); a resistance (17) is placed on any face of the container (14); a hole (18) is placed on the surface of one of the faces of the container (14); a pipe (19) is placed in the hole (18); a pump is placed inside the container (14) and connected with the pipe (19); a clamping mechanism (20) is placed on the inner wall of the semicircular section (2) of the structure of support (1); said clamping mechanism (20) clamps a cylinder (21) which is hollow and smaller than the support structure (1); the cylinder (21) has in the front part an opening (22) from the upper base to at least half of its height; an actuator (23) is located in the internal base of the cylinder (21), next to the opening (22); At least one hearth (25) is placed at the center of the cylinder (21), on said hearth an electrothermal device (26) is placed, which is in contact with a container (27) that is vertically and horizontally aligned with the actuators (7). and 23) respectively; the base (28) of the container (27) is not fixed and is placed on the tip of the actuator stem (23); a hole (29 and 34) is placed in one of the walls of the cylinder (21) and the container (27); a non-return valve (30) is placed in the orifice (34) of the container (27) and on the opposite side of said valve, the pipe (19) is connected; at least one flange (31) is placed on the inner wall of the cylinder (21), on which a receptacle (32) is fixed behind the electrothermal device (26); a sensor (33) is placed on the inner face of the cylinder (21) to one side of the opening (22), positioned facing the container (27); a microcontroller is placed under the cylinder (21) and is housed inside a casing (35), said microcontroller is connected to the actuators (7 and 23), the sensor (33) and the pump; a communication unit is installed inside the casing (35) and connected to the microcontroller; a battery is installed inside the casing (35); a reset button (36) is placed on the base of the cylinder (21); and clamping mechanisms (37) are placed on the surface top and rear of the support structure (1), the cylinder (21) and/or in the secondary structure (11).
2.El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque, el actuador (7) es hidráulico, neumático, eléctrico o automático. 2. The assembled device according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator (7) is hydraulic, pneumatic, electric or automatic.
3.El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque, el número de protuberancias (12) de la estructura secundaria (11) coincide con el número de ranuras (10) del costado de la estructura de soporte (1). 3. The assembled apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of protrusions (12) of the secondary structure (11) coincides with the number of grooves (10) on the side of the support structure (1).
4.El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque, la resistencia (17) es un dispositivo electrotérmico, placa cerámica, tira mica, tubular, flexible, infrarroja, de Silicon y/o la combinación de las anteriores. 4. The assembled device according to claim 1, characterized in that the resistance (17) is an electrothermal device, ceramic plate, mica strip, tubular, flexible, infrared, Silicon and/or a combination of the above.
5.El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación anterior caracterizado porque, el dispositivo electrotérmico es una placa peltier. 5. The assembled device in accordance with the preceding claim, characterized in that the electrothermal device is a peltier plate.
6.El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque, el orificio (18) se posiciona delante de la estructura de soporte (1). 6. The assembled device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hole (18) is positioned in front of the support structure (1).
7.El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque, al menos, un motor se instala en cualquiera de las ruedas (6 y 16). y está conectado al microcontrolador. 7. The assembled apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one motor is installed in any of the wheels (6 and 16). and is connected to the microcontroller.
8.El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación 7 caracterizado porque, el motor es un servomotor, motor eléctrico o motor a pasos. 8. The assembled device according to claim 7, characterized in that the motor is a servomotor, electric motor or stepper motor.
9.El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 7 y 8 caracterizado porque, el motor está conectado al microcontrolador. 9. The assembled device in accordance with claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the motor is connected to the microcontroller.
10. El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque, una placa (24) se coloca en la base del cilindro (21) a un lado de la abertura (22). 10. The assembled apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a plate (24) is placed at the base of the cylinder (21) on one side of the opening (22).
11. El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 1 y 10 caracterizado porque, el actuador (23) y el botón de reinicio (36) se colocan sobre la placa (24). 11. The assembled device according to claims 1 and 10, characterized in that the actuator (23) and the reset button (36) are placed on the plate (24).
12. El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque, la solera (25) se coica a la mitad de la altura del cilindro (21). 12. The assembled apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the sole plate (25) is placed at half the height of the cylinder (21).
13. El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque, el dispositivo electrotérmico (26) es una placa peltier. 13. The assembled device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrothermal device (26) is a peltier plate.
14. El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque, los orificios (29 y 34) se coloca en las paredes del cilindro (21) y del recipiente (27) que se encuentran del lado de la estructura secundaria (11). 14. The assembled apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes (29 and 34) are placed in the walls of the cylinder (21) and of the container (27) that are on the side of the secondary structure (11).
15. El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque, la base (28) cierra herméticamente con el recipiente (27). 15. The assembled apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the base (28) closes hermetically with the container (27).
16. El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque, el receptáculo (32) preferentemente es de forma semicircular. 16. The assembled device according to claim 1, characterized in that the receptacle (32) is preferably semicircular in shape.
17. El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque, el sensor (33) es de presencia. 17. The assembled device according to claim 1 characterized in that the sensor (33) is presence.
18. El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque, la unidad de comunicación es de Bluetooth, WiFi, UWB o la combinación de los anteriores. 18. The assembled device according to claim 1, characterized in that the communication unit is Bluetooth, WiFi, UWB or a combination of the above.
19. El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 1 y 18 caracterizado porque, la unidad de comunicación se comunica con un dispositivo inteligente. 19. The assembled device according to claims 1 and 18, characterized in that the communication unit communicates with an intelligent device.
20. El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación anterior caracterizado porque, el dispositivo inteligente es un teléfono, computadora o tableta. 20. The assembled device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the smart device is a phone, computer or tablet.
21. El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque, la batería es recargable o desechable. 21. The assembled device according to claim 1, characterized in that the battery is rechargeable or disposable.
22. El aparato ensamblable de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque, los mecanismos de sujeción (20 y 37) son velero, medios magnéticos, mecanismos machihembrado, tornillos, pernos, remaches, broches y/o la combinación de los anteriores. 22. The assembled device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening mechanisms (20 and 37) are sailboat, magnetic means, tongue-and-groove mechanisms, screws, bolts, rivets, snaps and/or a combination of the above.
PCT/MX2021/050064 2021-04-26 2021-10-28 Connectable apparatus for paraffin-embedding and cutting histological samples WO2022231412A1 (en)

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MX2021004786A MX2021004786A (en) 2021-04-26 2021-04-26 Assembly apparatus to perform waxing and cutting of histological samples.

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