WO2022225483A1

WO2022225483A1 - A generator

Info

Publication number: WO2022225483A1
Application number: PCT/TR2022/050067
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hasan Ayarturk
Original assignee: Phase Muhendislik Danismanlik Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi
Priority date: 2021-04-20
Filing date: 2022-01-26
Publication date: 2022-10-27

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetic field supported generator (J) that performs energy conversion by using heat transfer methods from waste heat and/or any external heat source and thus provides electrical energy.

Description

A GENERATOR

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to a magnetic field supported generator that performs energy conversion by using heat transfer methods from waste heat and/or any external heat source and thus provides electrical energy.

PRIOR ART

We face a problem whose impact has been increasing recently, endangering our world and humanity more and more day by day. This problem is global warming and air pollution. The main reasons for these problems are the high and inefficient use of fossil fuels, the need for consumption of the increasing population, the increase in the use of internal combustion vehicles, and the high use of energy by factories and similar production centers due to the increasing consumption. It is necessary to prevent the consumption of this energy currently used, to use it as efficiently as possible or to obtain these energies from clean-renewable energy for this reason. Therefore, renewable and clean energy resources are needed more than ever in order for humanity to survive and their importance is increasing exponentially. If the use of fossil fuels is not reduced or made more efficient, the world will become a difficult place for humanity as a result of the increase in carbon emissions.

Therefore, many studies are conducted to produce energy without using fossil fuels or by using them as little and efficiently as possible or to produce motion or electrical energy from fossil fuels that are currently used. Some of these studies are structures based on phase changes of multiple fluids during their cycles. Organic rankine cycle (ORC), which is an example of these structures, is a common method used in the renewable energy industry. However, many mechanical parts, turbines and pumps are used in this cycle process. Due to the physical loads required by the equipment, it cannot convert energy at high efficiency and consumes some of the energy produced by creating internal consumption throughout the process. In addition, this cycle requires high temperatures to meet production and installation costs and to produce energy efficiently.

It is also possible to obtain energy using conductive fluids in the known state of the art. Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) power generation is based on the direct generation of electrical energy by means of a conductive fluid without any intermediate mechanical energy conversion. The conductive in an MHD generator is replaced by hot ionized gas or a liquid conductive while the conventional generator or alternator comprises a conductive copper winding.

Magnetic hydrodynamic generators require a conductive flow. This conductive fluid is usually plasma. As plasma, converting air into plasma is also used. However, since this technique is possible with the plasmatization of fluids, it requires very high temperatures. Its use is currently limited only to the space industry and nuclear power plants for this reason. Therefore, it does not work efficiently in systems at lower temperatures. High temperature and high speed values are also needed in closed plasma cycles. Systems that operate with liquid metal and similar conductors also have very low efficiency.

Application No. US8277543B2 in the present art relates to a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) electric generator comprising electrically conductive, unbalanced alkali metal and noble gases, in which gaseous fossil fuel is ignited, indirectly heated, comprising a closed-loop and having zero emission from combustion products, including physical separation, in a C02 gas separation plant. The MHD generator mentioned here also requires the conversion of said fuel into plasma to provide the necessary conversions. Said production process requires high temperature inputs and therefore will cause the cost of energy per unit to be high for this reason.

Another application No. JP2021002523A in the known art relates to a power generation system for efficiently generating plasma and capturing plasma power. It is an electric power supply from a molten metal fuel plasma providing at least one electrical and thermal power, a reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen-forming hydrinos. It is a chemical fuel mixture comprising an H20 catalyst source or H20 catalyst, a fuel injection system comprising an electromagnetic pump, an electrode set including a short low-voltage and high-current burst to provide a bright glowing plasma, and electricity, power supply, and fuel, a product recovery system such as an electromagnetic pump recovery system and a gravity recovery system, and an H20 vapor source provided to the plasma, and a power converter capable of converting the high-power light output of the cell into electricity. The converter mentioned here requires high temperature and plasma state of the substance to perform the required energy conversion. Therefore, it will not be possible to produce said energy at low temperatures and in liquid-gas form of the substance. All the problems mentioned above have made it necessary to make an innovation in the relevant technical field as a result.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a magnetic field assisted generator in order to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages and to bring new advantages to the related technical field.

The primary object of the invention is to provide a magnetic field supported generator that can generate electrical energy from waste heat and/or waste energy found in the external energy sources with high efficiency and in an environmentally sensitive way.

An object of the invention is to provide a magnetic field supported generator that can generate electrical energy due to heat transfer between fluids.

One object of the invention is to provide a magnetic field supported generator with reduced internal consumption and with continuity by using basic physics laws in order to increase the total efficiency.

Another object of the invention is to provide a magnetic field supported generator that can generate electrical energy without using any moving and mechanical elements such as turbine, pump etc. from the flow power and pressure generated due to heat transfer between fluids.

The present invention is at least one generator that can generate electrical energy by heat transfer between fluids from waste heat and/or any external heat source for use in generating electrical energy in order to realize all the purposes that are mentioned above and will emerge from the following detailed description. Accordingly, its novelty is that it comprises the following: at least one drive element to ensure the continuous flow and first movement of said generator with the energy received from the network, at least one heater allowing that waste heat and/or any external heat source can be taken to said generator, at least one heater pipe connected with said heater and in which the heat received is transferred to the conductive and charged first fluid which does not change state and the fluid moves, at least one nozzle having a section smaller than said heater pipe for increasing the flow rate of said conductive and charged first fluid which does not change state, at least one generating unit providing electrical energy conversion by using the conductivity-charge of the first fluid and the speed created throughout the process, wherein the conductive-charged first fluid which does not change state and the second fluid changing state are mixed, heat transfer is carried out, the speed of the mixture is increased by the expansion of the second fluid, at least one secondary magnet providing magnetic field generation which is connected to the generating unit along the generating unit in order for said generating unit to generate electrical energy, at least one secondary electrode connected with the first and second fluid along said generating unit in order for said generating unit to generate electrical energy, at least one diffuser that balances the increasing mixture speed as a result of the expansion due to the heat transfer in said generating unit and the cross-sectional contraction in said nozzle, and that slows this speed and increases its pressure, at least one separator that allows said conductive-charged first fluid and said second fluid to be separated from each other in order to ensure the circulation of the system, at least one cooler in which said second fluid is returned to the liquid phase by reducing the temperature thereof for reuse at the beginning of the process, at least one cooler pipe connected to said cooler and in which the liquid circulates. Thus, a generator that can generate electrical energy due to heat transfer between fluids is obtained.

A possible embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the first fluid is a conductive and charged fluid which does not change phase under predetermined operating conditions. It is thus ensured that the first fluid is used as a heater for the second fluid.

Another possible embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the second fluid is phase-changing under predetermined operating conditions. Thus, the volume of the second fluid is increased by heating it.

The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention will be understood more clearly by means of the figures and the detailed description with reference to these figures given below and therefore, the evaluation should be made by taking these figures and the detailed description into consideration.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

A schematic view of the generator of the invention is given in Figure 1.

The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale and details which are not necessary for the understanding of the present invention may be omitted. In addition, elements that are substantially identical or have substantially identical functions are denoted by the same reference signs. List of the References

J Generator

1 Drive element

1.1 Primary magnet

1.2 Primary electrode

2 Heater

2.1 Heater pipe

3 Nozzle

4 Cooler

4.1 Cooler pipe

4.2 Cooler lower region

5 Generating Unit

5.1 Secondary Magnet

5.2 Secondary Electrode

6 Diffuser

7 Separator

7.1 Separator layer

7.2 Separator lower part

7.3 Separator upper part

(I) Flow direction

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The subject of the invention is explained with examples that do not have any limiting effect only for a better understanding of the subject in this detailed description.

The representative view of the generator (J) is given in Figure 1. Accordingly, said generator

(J) generates electrical energy from the waste heat taken into the system by the heater (2) and/or the heat obtained from any external heat source. The electrical energy generated here can be integrated into a predetermined system, supplied to the network or transferred by storing in systems such as cells/batteries/ accumulators. There are two fluids in the generator (J) that do not mix with each other have a phase difference according to each other throughout the process. The first fluid is a heat-carrying, high-conductive, charged liquid which does not change state under system conditions. The second fluid is a non- conductive neutral liquid that goes from liquid state to gaseous state under system conditions, namely expands. The liquids mentioned here can be selected according to the conditions under which the system operates and must meet the above-mentioned conditions at the appropriate temperature ranges in order to operate the generator (J) in all conditions. There is at least one generating unit (5) in which the fluids transfer their heat to each other and as a result of the resulting mixture, the fluids accelerate in a constant volume and said electrical energy is generated.

Said generating unit (5) is the region where the volume of the second fluid increases as a result of the change of the physical state thereof and therefore the speed of the mixture increases in the same substance amount in the fixed volume by heat transfer between the conductive-charged first fluid which does not change state and the second fluid changing state. The fluids mentioned here have appropriate evaporation and condensation temperatures according to the operating conditions.

Said generator (J) operates as a closed system, no external fluid entry is provided to the system, said conductive-charged first fluid which does not change state and the second fluid changing state are continuously circulated in the generator (J). The drive element (1) is operated with the energy received from the network and the first drive is given to the system in the flow direction (I) in order to ensure the flow of the generator (J) and to ensure the first movement. The drive is provided by applying an electric current to the primary electrode (1.2) under the influence of the magnetic field formed by the primary magnet (1.1) to carry said first fluid, which is charged and electrically conductive, with the drive element (1). The conductive and the charged first fluid mentioned here are pushed by the electrical force applied to it thanks to its conductivity in this way. The first drive of the system is provided without using moving elements such as pump, etc. and without creating resistance to flow in the closed system in this way.

The energy supplied to this drive element (1) is reduced after the generator (J) stabilizes and reaches equilibrium. Said drive element (1) is continuously operated to ensure the continuity of the process in order to create a pressure difference between the separator (7) and the cooler lower region (4.2) as well as to cancel internal losses and pipe turns in the system and compensates for these losses.

The first movement of the generator (J) starts as described above with said drive element (1). The conductive-charged first fluid, which is in the liquid state and does not change state, advances in the flow direction (I) with the drive it receives. Said first fluid passes through the heater pipe (2.1) connected with the heater (2) associated with the waste heat and/or any external heat source. The first fluid, which is heated by waste heat and/or any external heat source, passes through the nozzle (3), which is a lower cross-sectional structure than the channel it advances. The cross-sectional area of said nozzle (3) is gradually narrowed and then fixed. The first fluid accelerates at a constant flow rate, at a constant volume, based on the principle of venturi at a low cross-section with said nozzle (3). A second fluid changing state, which is connected with the cooler (4), cooled and condensed in the cooler pipe (4.1), descends to the cooler lower region (4.2) and comes to the generating unit (5) section with this first fluid being accelerated, in the last step of the cycle.

The conductive and charged first fluid which is liquid and does not change phase coming from the heater pipe (2.1) connected with the heater (2) is hot, the liquid second fluid changing state coming from the cooler pipe (4.1) connected with the cooler (4) is cold. Said second fluid passes from the liquid state to the gaseous state when the conductive and charged first fluid which does not change state and the second fluid changing state are mixed along the generating unit (5). Throughout the fixed section, the speed of this mixture, whose flow rates are constant but whose volume increases, will increase until the beginning of the generating unit (5). Said generating unit (5) comprises at least one secondary magnet (5.1) forming the magnetic field. The secondary magnet (5.1) mentioned here may be of any type of fixed magnet or an electric magnet (capable of operating with direct current or alternating current). The generating unit (5) further includes a secondary electrode (5.2) in direct contact with the liquid. Said secondary electrode (5.2) is positioned inside the magnetic field. Electrical energy is generated when the charged first fluid contacts said secondary electrode (5.2) within the magnetic field formed by said secondary magnet (5.1) in this way. The mixture slows down at the end of the generating unit (5) with the magnetic field formed by said secondary magnet (5.1) and the electrical energy generated.

It is sent to the diffuser (6) to increase the pressure of the decelerating mixture. The diffuser (6) mentioned here further reduces the speed of said mixture and increases the pressure. For easier understanding, the diffuser (6) mentioned here operates on a similar principle to the structures used in vehicle turbos or injections in the art. The second fluid changing state and the first fluid which does not change state are delivered to the separator (7) to be separated with this pressure increase. The separator (7) mentioned here is preferably a flash distillation unit operating on the principle of high pressure and phase difference. There is at least one separator layer (7.1) that allows the first fluid and the second fluid to be separated at high purity in order to efficiently carry out the separation process in said separator (7). The separator layer (7.1) mentioned here may preferably be one of the sieve, bubble cap or valve layers.

The conductive and charged first fluid which does not change state leaves the separator (7) from the separator lower part (7.2) to start the cycle again, while the pressurized second fluid changing state and being gaseous leaves the same from the separator upper part (7.3) to ensure the continuity of the process. The continuity of the process is ensured by passing the phase-changing second fluid whose kinetic energy decreases as a result of the generated electrical energy and separation from the gaseous state to the liquid state, by introducing it into the cooler pipe (4.1 ) connected with the cooler (4) to condense.

The first fluid mentioned in the invention is a fluid that can remain liquid under predetermined operating conditions. It may be a brine, liquid metal, gallium, mercury that has electrical conductivity, does not evaporate under system execution conditions or a metal that is liquefied at operating temperatures in a possible embodiment of the invention. Furthermore, the first fluid mentioned and selected here may be a metal with high electrical conductivity, such as alkali metals, sodium, potassium, etc., provided that it does not react with the second fluid.

The first fluid serves as a heat source for the generator (J) as it does not change phase. The second fluid mentioned in the invention is a phase-changing fluid under predetermined operating conditions. Said phase transition is preferably the transition from liquid phase to gaseous phase. The second fluid may be a gas such as r134 when operated with low temperatures in a possible embodiment of the invention. Or the second fluid may be water in alternative embodiments. A volumetric expansion can be achieved by expanding with heating in this way.

The generator (J) is connected with at least one separator (7). Said separator (7) separates the first fluid from the second fluid. This separation process can be a structure in which the physical and chemical properties of the first fluid and the second fluid are used. For example, the separator (7) may be configured to allow separation of the first fluid and the second fluid depending on the density difference.

Said heater (2) is configured to increase the temperature of the first fluid. The first fluid can be used again in the generator (J) in this way. Said cooler (4) ensures that the increased heat of the second fluid is absorbed. The cooler (4) may be any of the condenser, fan coil, heat exchanger, coil cooler type. It is ensured in this way that the second fluid can be converted back from the gaseous phase to the liquid phase. The temperature of the second fluid is reduced to the temperature before it enters the generating unit by means of the cooler (4). There is no need to use any pump or additional drive element here since said second fluid comes to the cooler (4) at high pressure.

The first fluid may be oil at 200°C and the second fluid may be ion charged water at 30°C in a possible embodiment of the invention.

The fluid must travel a long way, as shown in the literature from the formulas of electricity generation and magnetic fields in order for the generation to be efficient in the electricity generation using magnetic fields in the art. However, the prolongation of the fluid path decreases the efficiency in such systems. Instead, these systems are intended to increase speed and allow fluid to pass through the magnetic field as quickly as possible. It is possible to produce more energy in the unit area in this way. Said generating unit (5) is positioned immediately after the nozzle (3), which is the point where the fluid moves the fastest for this reason. The scope of protection of the invention is specified in the attached claims and cannot be limited to those explained for sampling purposes in this detailed description. It is evident that a person skilled in the art may exhibit similar embodiments in light of above-mentioned facts without drifting apart from the main theme of the invention.

Claims

1. At least one generator (J) capable of generating electrical energy by heat transfer between fluids from waste heat and/or any external heat source for use in generating electrical energy, characterized in that it comprises the following;

• at least one drive element (1) to ensure the continuous flow and first movement of said generator (J) with the energy received from the network,

• at least one heater (2) allowing that waste heat and/or any external heat source can be taken to said generator (J),

• at least one heater pipe (2.1) connected with said heater (2) and in which the heat received is transferred to the conductive and charged first fluid which does not change state and the fluid moves,

• at least one nozzle (3) having a section smaller than said heater pipe (2.1) for increasing the flow rate of said conductive and charged first fluid which does not change state,

• at least one generating unit (5) providing electrical energy conversion by using the conductivity-charge of the first fluid and the speed created throughout the process, wherein the conductive-charged first fluid which does not change state and the second fluid changing state are mixed, heat transfer is carried out, the speed of the mixture is increased by the expansion of the second fluid,

• at least one secondary magnet (5.1) providing magnetic field generation which is connected to the generating unit (5) along the generating unit (5) in order for said generating unit (5) to generate electrical energy,

• at least one secondary electrode (5.2) connected with the first and second fluid along said generating unit (5) in order for said generating unit (5) to generate electrical energy,

• at least one diffuser (6) that balances the increasing mixture speed as a result of the expansion due to the heat transfer in said generating unit (5) and the cross-sectional contraction in said nozzle (3), and that slows this speed and increases its pressure,

• at least one separator (7) that allows said conductive-charged first fluid and said second fluid to be separated from each other in order to ensure the circulation of the system,

• at least one cooler (4) in which said second fluid is returned to the liquid phase by reducing the temperature thereof for reuse at the beginning of the process, • at least one cooler pipe (4.1) connected to said cooler (4) and in which the liquid circulates.

2. A generator (J) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the first fluid is a conductive, charged liquid which does not change phase under predetermined operating conditions.

3. A generator (J) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the second fluid is a phase-changing liquid under predetermined operating conditions.

4. A generator (J) according to claim 2, characterized in that said first fluid is selected from any of the brine, liquid metal, gallium or mercury which has high electrical conductivity and does not change state.

5. A generator (J) according to claim 1 , characterized in that said cooler (4) is selected from one of the condenser, fan coil, heat exchanger or coil.

6. A generator (J) according to claim 1 , characterized in that said separator (7) has at least one separator layer (7.1) that allows the first fluid and the second fluid to be separated at high purity.

7. A generator (J) according to claim 5, characterized in that said separator layer (7.1 ) is selected from one of the sieve, bubble cap or valve layers.

8. A generator (J) according to claim 1 , characterized in that said drive element (1) comprises at least one primary magnet (1.1) which is negatively charged to push said charged-conductive liquid for the purpose of carrying it.

9. A generator (J) according to claim 8, characterized in that said drive element (1) comprises at least one primary electrode (1 .2) to which electrical energy is supplied to assist said primary magnet (1.1) upon carrying said charged-conductive liquid and to enable said first fluid to be pushed-pumped.