WO2022225386A1 - Composition for cloud seeding - Google Patents

Composition for cloud seeding Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022225386A1
WO2022225386A1 PCT/MX2022/050042 MX2022050042W WO2022225386A1 WO 2022225386 A1 WO2022225386 A1 WO 2022225386A1 MX 2022050042 W MX2022050042 W MX 2022050042W WO 2022225386 A1 WO2022225386 A1 WO 2022225386A1
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Prior art keywords
seeding
clouds
cloud
agents
silver iodide
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PCT/MX2022/050042
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
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Manuel MUSTIELES IBARRA
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Mustieles Ibarra Manuel
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Publication of WO2022225386A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022225386A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G15/00—Devices or methods for influencing weather conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D49/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by other methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G5/00—Compounds of silver
    • C01G5/02—Halides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/30—Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to the chemical industry for the preparation of various chemical products, more specifically it is related to the industry for the preparation of agents related to the preparation of agents for seeding clouds and achieving the precipitation of the water content of these , in the form of rainfall.
  • Nimbus stratus or nimbus cumulus clouds are those that produce rain, snow, sleet or hail. Since nimbus clouds are dense with water, they appear darker than other clouds. Clouds Nimbus form at low altitudes and are usually evenly distributed across the sky.
  • anhydrous chloride such as tin chloride or Titanium chloride
  • Cloud seeding has been practiced for many years all over the world. Scientific articles have reported cloud seeding experiences in the US, Israel, China, South Africa, Argentina, and other countries, as listed below. In general, cloud seeding successes have been documented as statistical differences in rainfall probability, rather than direct measurements of cause and effect.
  • Cloud seeding is now considered a potentially very valuable tool for enhancing rainfall.
  • Research progress has produced encouraging results that will eventually make cloud seeding a technique practice to overcome drafts by inducing programmable rain and develop the water supply for many regions.
  • the effectiveness of cloud seeding is currently a topic of academic debate, many countries have put significant resources and efforts into direct cloud seeding. Regardless of the fact that there are as yet no reports of a proven or reproducible direct cause effect of cloud seeding and precipitation, claims of successful correlations underpin international efforts.
  • the seeder-feeder mechanism is a unique and well-characterized rain induction process where the relevance of the present invention is significant.
  • the seeder-feeder mechanism typically occurs when a double layer of clouds, one on top of the other, leaves a gap of approximately 500 m to 1500 m of air.
  • the seed-feeder mechanism is defined as the introduction of ice or condensed water nuclei from above into a lower level liquid cloud.
  • the introduction of condensation nuclei can initiate precipitation from the low-level cloud layer.
  • condensation nuclei sink into the lower liquid cloud ice crystals or condensate may grow by deposition, which can cause precipitation from the lower cloud.
  • nuclei can form in the upper cloud and can be produced around airborne dust particles made of kaolinite/clay, volcanic ash/dust, or vermiculite. Nuclei can also be made of artificially dispersed silver iodide, potassium chloride, simple salt, or other compounds. Properly dispersed particles in the micro- and nanoscale ranges can efficiently seed cloud cores using as little as 500 g per square kilometer.
  • Precipitation resulting from a seed-feeder mechanism is highly dependent on the proper characterization of all atmospheric parameters, as well as spatial variables, such as the thickness of upper and lower clouds and the intervening air gap.
  • spatial variables such as the thickness of upper and lower clouds and the intervening air gap.
  • State-of-the-art rain induction technologies typically involve poor decision-making based on long-distance, low-precision atmospheric parameter measurements, low-precision procedures, and crude and/or unsafe planter dispersal practices.
  • Cloud seeding includes the injection of particles of silver iodide or other suitable substances from an aircraft into the atmosphere, allowing moisture to collect on the particles, freeze, and fall to the ground as water.
  • cloud seeding is generally expensive and its effectiveness is limited by the supply of particles and the flight time of the aircraft injecting the particles into the atmosphere.
  • Cloud ionization involves radio frequency antennas that emit negatively charged ions into the atmosphere. In theory, the negatively charged ions will increase the probability that supercooled moisture droplets will collide with a frozen core, thus becoming rain. However, the effectiveness of terrestrial cloud ionization is debatable.
  • the use of iodide crystals, especially silver iodide crystals, to promote rain is known.
  • the present invention particularly relates to a highly improved and effective composition and method for inducing rain or precipitation using metal iodide crystals.
  • precipitation, especially rain could be induced by seeding optimal moisture-containing regions with metal iodide crystals, especially silver iodide crystals, as long as the temperature was within a certain range.
  • Such crystals when formed in a moisture-bearing region of the atmosphere, which is on the order of about five degrees Celsius below zero, will initiate the fusion of the moisture present into water droplets that will be large enough to form raindrops. , and precipitation is thus initiated.
  • patent US 3,545,677 The most pertinent patent document with respect to the invention object of the present invention is patent US 3,545,677, however, said patent has the drawback of not forming a stable solution, but rather a suspension in saline water, which requires stirring. continues in the container that will be used to hold the solution while spraying into the clouds.
  • the concentration of silver iodide remains very high and the amount required to carry out the seeding, is also very high.
  • One of the objectives of the present invention is to achieve efficient use of cloud seeding agents to achieve rainfall.
  • Another of the objectives is to achieve easy seeding, without the need to use other means that make the atomization of said agents by complicated and polluting means of the atmosphere.
  • Still another objective is to provide a cloud seeding agent to achieve the precipitation of the water contained in these by decreasing the precipitation with harmful substances,
  • Still another objective is to achieve a stable dispersion with a very small amount of the active agent, thereby achieving a reduction in the amount of said active compound and no need to require stirring immediately before application to the clouds.
  • the dispersion having the smallest particle size of the dispersing phase is the ionic solution.
  • This dispersed system would be the one that allows a greater number of atoms or molecules of the dispersed phase per quantity of dispersing phase.
  • the present invention consists of a solution of Ag ⁇ (silver iodide) in a mixture of organic solvents. Any organic solvent that achieves ionic dissolution of the iodide can be used.
  • each silver iodide particle is a condensation nucleus, and, therefore, the more number of particles per unit volume of the product, the better its performance in its effect on the formation of drops. can precipitate.
  • our invention has two facets, on the one hand, a state of aggregation with a greater quantity of particles of the dispersed phase in a smaller quantity of the dispersing phase and on the other hand, a stability by having an ionic solution. of silver iodide in a solvent.
  • the present invention consists of a true solution of Ag ⁇ (silver iodide) in an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvents. Any organic solvent that achieves ionic dissolution of the iodide can be used.
  • An example of application of the present invention consists of a 400 mg/l solution in 1 liter CBP thinner.
  • the thinner is a diluent, composed of a mixture of organic solvents derived from petroleum that has been prepared to dissolve or dilute insoluble substances in water, such as paint, oil enamel, etc.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to the chemical industry of preparation of different chemical products. More specifically, it concerns the industry of the production of agents related to the preparation of agents for seeding clouds and precipitating the water content thereof as rain. The advantages of the rain seeding agent are that it: (1) provides an efficient use of cloud seeding agents (silver iodide); (2) provides easy seeding, without needing to use other means that atomise said agents by using complicated and atmosphere-polluting means; (3) reduces precipitation containing harmful substances, as a result of the application thereof; and (4) consists of a stable dispersion with a very small amount of active agent, thereby reducing the amount of the active compound and not requiring agitation immediately before application to the clouds.

Description

COMPOSICIÓN PARA SEMBRADO DE NUBES COMPOSITION FOR CLOUD SEEDING
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención está relacionada con la industria química de la preparación de diversos productos químicos, más específicamente está relacionada con la industria de la preparación de agentes relacionados con la preparación de agentes para el sembrado de nubes y lograr la precipitación del contenido de agua de estas, en forma de precipitación pluvial. The present invention is related to the chemical industry for the preparation of various chemical products, more specifically it is related to the industry for the preparation of agents related to the preparation of agents for seeding clouds and achieving the precipitation of the water content of these , in the form of rainfall.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
El desconocimiento de la fisicoquímica de las nubes, ha ocasionado el desarrollo de métodos y aparatos inoperantes para extraerle el agua a las nubes. El pensar que las nubes son agua en forma de vapor, sin saber cómo se encuentra ese vapor, ha hecho que algunos inventos no funcionen. Por ejemplo, un refrigerador aéreo para condensar el vapor de agua y traer esa agua a la superficie terrestre. Ignorance of the physicochemistry of clouds has led to the development of inoperative methods and devices to extract water from clouds. Thinking that clouds are water in the form of vapor, without knowing how that vapor is found, has caused some inventions to not work. For example, an aerial refrigerator to condense water vapor and bring that water to the earth's surface.
Las nubes nimbus stratus o nimbus cumulus son las que producen lluvia, nieve, aguanieve o granizo. Dado que las nubes nimbo son densas con agua, parecen más oscuras que otras nubes. Las nubes Nimbus se forman a bajas altitudes y, por lo general, se distribuyen uniformemente por el cielo. Nimbus stratus or nimbus cumulus clouds are those that produce rain, snow, sleet or hail. Since nimbus clouds are dense with water, they appear darker than other clouds. Clouds Nimbus form at low altitudes and are usually evenly distributed across the sky.
La Oficina de Patentes de EE. UU. ha otorgado patentes relacionadas con la formación de lluvia y la propagación por inducción a lo largo de casi los 100 años anteriores. En 1920, la patente de EE.UU. No. 1,338,343 fue otorgada para el proceso y aparato para la producción de nubes artificiales intensas, nieblas o neblinas. The US Patent Office has issued patents related to rainmaking and inductive propagation for nearly 100 years. In 1920, US Patent No. 1,338,343 was issued for the process and apparatus for the production of intense artificial clouds, mists, or mists.
En esta invención se utiliza la atomización de un cloruro anhidro, tal como el cloruro de estaño o el cloruro de Titanio. In this invention, the atomization of an anhydrous chloride, such as tin chloride or Titanium chloride, is used.
La siembra de nubes se ha practicado durante muchos años en todo el mundo. Los artículos científicos han informado sobre experiencias de siembra de nubes en EE. UU., Israel, China, Sudáfrica, Argentina y otros países, como se indica a continuación. En general, los éxitos de la siembra de nubes se han documentado como diferencias estadísticas en la probabilidad de lluvia, en lugar de mediciones directas de causa y efecto. Cloud seeding has been practiced for many years all over the world. Scientific articles have reported cloud seeding experiences in the US, Israel, China, South Africa, Argentina, and other countries, as listed below. In general, cloud seeding successes have been documented as statistical differences in rainfall probability, rather than direct measurements of cause and effect.
La siembra de nubes ahora se considera una herramienta potencialmente muy valiosa para mejorar la precipitación de lluvia. El progreso de la investigación ha producido resultados alentadores que eventualmente harán que la siembra de nubes sea una técnica práctica para superar las corrientes de aire mediante la inducción de lluvia programable y desarrollar el suministro de agua para muchas regiones. Aunque la eficacia de la siembra de nubes es actualmente un tema de debate académico, muchos países han puesto en marcha recursos y esfuerzos significativos en la siembra directa de nubes. Independientemente de que aún no haya informes de un efecto de causa directa probado o reproducible de la siembra de nubes y la precipitación, las afirmaciones de correlaciones exitosas sustentan los esfuerzos internacionales. Cloud seeding is now considered a potentially very valuable tool for enhancing rainfall. Research progress has produced encouraging results that will eventually make cloud seeding a technique practice to overcome drafts by inducing programmable rain and develop the water supply for many regions. Although the effectiveness of cloud seeding is currently a topic of academic debate, many countries have put significant resources and efforts into direct cloud seeding. Regardless of the fact that there are as yet no reports of a proven or reproducible direct cause effect of cloud seeding and precipitation, claims of successful correlations underpin international efforts.
El mecanismo sembrador-alimentador es un proceso de inducción de lluvia singular y bien caracterizado donde la relevancia de la presente invención es significativa. El mecanismo de sembrador- alimentador ocurre típicamente cuando una capa doble de nubes, una encima de la otra, deja un espacio de aproximadamente 500 m a 1500 m de aire. The seeder-feeder mechanism is a unique and well-characterized rain induction process where the relevance of the present invention is significant. The seeder-feeder mechanism typically occurs when a double layer of clouds, one on top of the other, leaves a gap of approximately 500 m to 1500 m of air.
El mecanismo sembrador-alimentador se define como la introducción de hielo o núcleos de agua condensada desde arriba en una nube liquida de nivel inferior. La introducción de núcleos de condensación puede iniciar la precipitación desde la capa de nubes de bajo nivel. A medida que los núcleos de condensación se introducen en la nube liquida inferior, los cristales de hielo o los condensados pueden crecer por deposición, lo que puede provocar la precipitación de la nube baja. Hay características en los sondeos observados y las observaciones de superficie que pueden alertar a un pronosticador sobre la posibilidad de que ocurra el proceso de sembrador- alimentador dentro de las 12 horas. The seed-feeder mechanism is defined as the introduction of ice or condensed water nuclei from above into a lower level liquid cloud. The introduction of condensation nuclei can initiate precipitation from the low-level cloud layer. As condensation nuclei sink into the lower liquid cloud, ice crystals or condensate may grow by deposition, which can cause precipitation from the lower cloud. There are characteristics in the observed soundings and the surface observations that can alert a forecaster to the possibility of the seeder-feeder process occurring within 12 hours.
En un tipo de sistema de nubes sembrador-alimentador, los núcleos se pueden formar en la nube superior y se pueden producir alrededor de partículas de polvo en el aire hechas de caolinita/arcilla, ceniza/polvo volcánico o vermiculita. Los núcleos también pueden estar formados por yoduro de plata disperso artificialmente, cloruro de potasio, sal simple u otros compuestos. Las partículas adecuadamente dispersas en los rangos de micro y nanoescala pueden sembrar eficientemente núcleos de nubes utilizando tan solo 500 g por kilómetro cuadrado. In one type of seed-feeder cloud system, nuclei can form in the upper cloud and can be produced around airborne dust particles made of kaolinite/clay, volcanic ash/dust, or vermiculite. Nuclei can also be made of artificially dispersed silver iodide, potassium chloride, simple salt, or other compounds. Properly dispersed particles in the micro- and nanoscale ranges can efficiently seed cloud cores using as little as 500 g per square kilometer.
La precipitación resultante de un mecanismo sembrador-alimentador depende en gran medida de la caracterización adecuada de todos los parámetros atmosféricos, asi como de las variables espaciales, como el espesor de las nubes superiores e inferiores y el espacio de aire intermedio. Las distribuciones de temperatura, presión, viento y humedad dentro de las nubes, en el espacio de aire, asi como las correspondientes variables superficiales. Precipitation resulting from a seed-feeder mechanism is highly dependent on the proper characterization of all atmospheric parameters, as well as spatial variables, such as the thickness of upper and lower clouds and the intervening air gap. The distributions of temperature, pressure, wind and humidity within the clouds, in the air space, as well as the corresponding surface variables.
Además, una variable que también se ha notado en las muchísimas experiencias con el sembrado de nubes, es el agente que es sembrado. Tanto su composición química como su forma fisicoquímica de aplicación. In addition, a variable that has also been noted in the many experiences with cloud seeding is the agent that is seeded. Both its chemical composition and its form application physicochemistry.
Por lo general, las tecnologías de inducción de lluvia de última generación implican una mala toma de decisiones basada en mediciones de parámetros atmosféricos de baja precisión y larga distancia, procedimientos de baja precisión y prácticas de dispersión de sembradoras toscas y/o inseguras. State-of-the-art rain induction technologies typically involve poor decision-making based on long-distance, low-precision atmospheric parameter measurements, low-precision procedures, and crude and/or unsafe planter dispersal practices.
Por ejemplo, China ha practicado la inducción de lluvia (o la prevención del granizo) mediante el lanzamiento de cohetes tierra- nube. Las cargas explosivas se enviaron utilizando misiles para dispersar los materiales de siembra, donde la toma de decisiones también se tomó a partir de mediciones de larga distancia desde el suelo hasta las nubes, o simplemente a partir de apreciaciones visuales como la morfología de las nubes con la ayuda de parámetros atmosféricos en el suelo. For example, China has practiced rain induction (or hail prevention) by launching ground-to-cloud rockets. Explosive charges were delivered using missiles to disperse planting materials, where decision-making was also made from long-distance ground-to-cloud measurements, or simply from visual insights such as cloud morphology with the help of atmospheric parameters in the soil.
Otros enfoques implican vuelos de aviones hacia las nubes, o la dispersión de partículas de tamaño inferior que flotan desde estaciones terrestres hasta las nubes. Other approaches involve aircraft flying into clouds, or the scattering of smaller particles floating from ground stations into clouds.
Al menos algunos esfuerzos conocidos para contrarrestar los efectos de la escasez de agua y la sequía se han centrado en técnicas de modificación del clima, como la siembra de nubes y la ionización de nubes. La siembra de nubes incluye la inyección de partículas de yoduro de plata u otras sustancias adecuadas desde un avión a la atmósfera, lo que permite que la humedad se acumule en las partículas, se congele y caiga al suelo en forma de agua. Sin embargo, la siembra de nubes es generalmente costosa y su eficacia está limitada por el suministro de partículas y el tiempo de vuelo de la aeronave que inyecta las partículas en la atmósfera. La ionización de nubes incluye antenas de radiofrecuencia que emiten iones cargados negativamente a la atmósfera. En teoría, los iones cargados negativamente aumentarán la probabilidad de que las gotas de humedad súper enfriadas choquen con un núcleo congelado, convirtiéndose así en lluvia. Sin embargo, la efectividad de la ionización de nubes terrestres es discutible. At least some known efforts to counteract the effects of water scarcity and drought have focused on weather modification techniques such as cloud seeding and cloud ionization. Cloud seeding includes the injection of particles of silver iodide or other suitable substances from an aircraft into the atmosphere, allowing moisture to collect on the particles, freeze, and fall to the ground as water. However, cloud seeding is generally expensive and its effectiveness is limited by the supply of particles and the flight time of the aircraft injecting the particles into the atmosphere. Cloud ionization involves radio frequency antennas that emit negatively charged ions into the atmosphere. In theory, the negatively charged ions will increase the probability that supercooled moisture droplets will collide with a frozen core, thus becoming rain. However, the effectiveness of terrestrial cloud ionization is debatable.
Se conoce el uso de cristales de yoduro, especialmente cristales de yoduro de plata, para promover la lluvia. La presente invención se refiere particularmente a una composición muy mejorada y eficaz y un método para inducir lluvia o precipitación utilizando cristales de yoduro metálico. Hasta ahora, la precipitación, especialmente la lluvia, pudo inducirse sembrando regiones óptimas que contuvieran humedad con cristales de yoduro metálico, especialmente cristales de yoduro de plata, siempre que la temperatura estuviera dentro de un cierto rango. Según el estado de la técnica, se ha propuesto formar soluciones de yoduro de plata y yoduro de amonio con agua y acetona. Al quemar tal solución en un dispositivo de combustión especial, el solvente se elimina por combustión y los cristales de yoduro se forman en estado fino y distribuidor. The use of iodide crystals, especially silver iodide crystals, to promote rain is known. The present invention particularly relates to a highly improved and effective composition and method for inducing rain or precipitation using metal iodide crystals. Until now, precipitation, especially rain, could be induced by seeding optimal moisture-containing regions with metal iodide crystals, especially silver iodide crystals, as long as the temperature was within a certain range. According to the state of the art, it has been proposed to form solutions of silver iodide and ammonium iodide with water and acetone. When burning such a solution in a special combustion device, the solvent is burned off, and iodide crystals are formed in a fine and distributive state.
Tales cristales, cuando se forman en una región de la atmósfera que contiene humedad, que es del orden de unos cinco grados centígrados bajo cero, iniciarán la fusión de la humedad presente en gotas de agua que serán lo suficientemente grandes como para formar gotas de lluvia, y la precipitación es así iniciada. Such crystals, when formed in a moisture-bearing region of the atmosphere, which is on the order of about five degrees Celsius below zero, will initiate the fusion of the moisture present into water droplets that will be large enough to form raindrops. , and precipitation is thus initiated.
La condensación de las gotitas de agua de la manera descrita induce una mayor condensación y se puede inducir una precipitación sustancial de la manera descrita. Condensation of the water droplets in the manner described induces further condensation and substantial precipitation may be induced in the manner described.
El documento de patente más pertinente con respecto a la invención objeto de la presente invención es la patente US 3.545.677, sin embargo, dicha patente tiene el inconveniente de no formar una solución estable, sino una suspensión en agua salina, que requiere de agitación continua en el recipiente que se utilizará para contener la solución mientras se lleva a cabo la aspersión en las nubes. The most pertinent patent document with respect to the invention object of the present invention is patent US 3,545,677, however, said patent has the drawback of not forming a stable solution, but rather a suspension in saline water, which requires stirring. continues in the container that will be used to hold the solution while spraying into the clouds.
Por otra parte, la concentración de yoduro de plata sigue siendo muy elevado y la cantidad requerida para llevar a cabo la siembra, también es muy elevada. On the other hand, the concentration of silver iodide remains very high and the amount required to carry out the seeding, is also very high.
OBJETIVOS DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION
Uno de los objetivos de la presente invención es lograr un uso eficiente de los agentes de sembrado de nubes para lograr la precipitación pluvial. One of the objectives of the present invention is to achieve efficient use of cloud seeding agents to achieve rainfall.
Otro de los objetivos es lograr un sembrado fácil, sin necesidad del uso de otros medios que hagan la atomización de dichos agentes por medios complicados y contaminantes de la atmósfera. Another of the objectives is to achieve easy seeding, without the need to use other means that make the atomization of said agents by complicated and polluting means of the atmosphere.
Aún otro objetivo es el de proporcionar un agente de sembrado de nubes para lograr la precipitación del agua contenida en estas disminuyendo la precipitación con sustancias nocivas, Still another objective is to provide a cloud seeding agent to achieve the precipitation of the water contained in these by decreasing the precipitation with harmful substances,
Todavía otro objetivo es la de lograr una dispersión estable con una cantidad muy pequeña del agente activo, logrando con esto una reducción de la cantidad dicho compuesto activo y la no necesidad de requerir de agitación inmediatamente antes de la aplicación a las nubes. Still another objective is to achieve a stable dispersion with a very small amount of the active agent, thereby achieving a reduction in the amount of said active compound and no need to require stirring immediately before application to the clouds.
Y todos aquellos objetivos y ventajas que se harán patente con la lectura cuidadosa de la presente descripción. BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN And all those objectives and advantages that will become apparent with a careful reading of this description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
De los sistemas dispersos, la dispersión que tiene tamaño de partícula más pequeña de la fase dispersante, es la disolución iónica. Este sistema disperso sería el que permite una mayor cantidad de átomos o moléculas de la fase dispersa por cantidad de fase dispersante. Of the disperse systems, the dispersion having the smallest particle size of the dispersing phase is the ionic solution. This dispersed system would be the one that allows a greater number of atoms or molecules of the dispersed phase per quantity of dispersing phase.
En el caso de nuestra invención, ésta tiene dos facetas, por un lado, un estado de agregación con una mayor cantidad de partículas de la fase dispersa en una cantidad menor de la fase dispersante y por el otro, una estabilidad al tener una solución iónica del yoduro de plata en un solvente. En pocas palabras, el presente invento consiste en una solución de Agí (yoduro de plata) en una mezcla de solventes orgánicos. Cualquier solvente orgánico que logre la disolución iónica del yoduro puede ser utilizada. Siendo el tamaño de partícula igual al ion yoduro de plata, este sería el tamaño de partícula más pequeño posible, y esto significaría que una solución verdadera de yoduro de plata con una concentración de 400 ppm, se generaría 1.7 X 1020 núcleos de condensación. DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN In the case of our invention, it has two facets, on the one hand, a state of aggregation with a greater quantity of particles of the dispersed phase in a smaller quantity of the dispersing phase and on the other hand, a stability by having an ionic solution. of silver iodide in a solvent. Briefly, the present invention consists of a solution of Agí (silver iodide) in a mixture of organic solvents. Any organic solvent that achieves ionic dissolution of the iodide can be used. Being the particle size equal to the silver iodide ion, this would be the smallest possible particle size, and this would mean that a true solution of silver iodide with a concentration of 400 ppm would generate 1.7 X 10 20 condensation nuclei. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hasta antes de la presente invención, se había soslayado el problema de la concentración del Yoduro de plata en el agente de sembrado de nubes para un uso más eficiente de los químicos. Until prior to the present invention, the problem of Silver Iodide concentration in the cloud seeding agent had been circumvented for more efficient use of chemicals.
En la presente invención se determinó que cada partícula de yoduro de plata es un núcleo de condensación, y, por ende, entre más números de partícula por unidad de volumen del producto, un mejor desempeño del mismo en su efecto en la formación de gotas que puedan precipitar. In the present invention, it was determined that each silver iodide particle is a condensation nucleus, and, therefore, the more number of particles per unit volume of the product, the better its performance in its effect on the formation of drops. can precipitate.
También se pudo determinar que el tamaño de partícula menor se obtiene cuando se logra una disolución iónica. It was also possible to determine that the smallest particle size is obtained when an ionic solution is achieved.
En el caso de nuestra invención, ésta tiene dos facetas, por un lado, un estado de agregación con una mayor cantidad de partículas de la fase dispersa en una cantidad menor de la fase dispersante y por el otro, una estabilidad al tener una solución iónica del yoduro de plata en un solvente. In the case of our invention, it has two facets, on the one hand, a state of aggregation with a greater quantity of particles of the dispersed phase in a smaller quantity of the dispersing phase and on the other hand, a stability by having an ionic solution. of silver iodide in a solvent.
Esta estabilidad también es inherente al tipo de agregación del producto que pretendemos proteger en la presente solicitud, es decir al hecho de que es una solución iónica. En pocas palabras, el presente invento consiste en una disolución verdadera de Agí (yoduro de plata) en un solvente o una mezcla de solventes orgánicos. Cualquier solvente orgánico que logre la disolución iónica del yoduro puede ser utilizada. This stability is also inherent to the type of aggregation of the product that we intend to protect in this application, that is, to the fact that it is an ionic solution. Briefly, the present invention consists of a true solution of Agí (silver iodide) in an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvents. Any organic solvent that achieves ionic dissolution of the iodide can be used.
Siendo el tamaño de partícula igual al ion yoduro de plata, este seria el tamaño de partícula más pequeño posible, y esto significaría que una solución verdadera de yoduro de plata con una concentración de 400 ppm (0,4 g/l, se generaría 1.7 X 1020 núcleos de condensación. Being the particle size equal to the silver iodide ion, this would be the smallest possible particle size, and this would mean that a true solution of silver iodide with a concentration of 400 ppm (0.4 g/l, would generate 1.7 X 10 20 condensation nuclei.
Aunque la anterior concentración es la concentración máxima, es posible hacer soluciones de menor concentración dependiendo de los objetivos de la siembra. Although the above concentration is the maximum concentration, it is possible to make lower concentration solutions depending on the objectives of the seeding.
EJEMPLO DE APLICACIÓN DE LA PRESENTE INVENCIÓN EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
Un ejemplo de aplicación de la presente invención consiste en una disolución de 400 mg/l en thiner CBP 1 litro. El thinner es un diluyente, compuesto por una mezcla de disolventes orgánicos derivados del petróleo que ha sido preparado para disolver o diluir sustancias insoiubles en agua, como pintura, esmalte al aceite, etc. An example of application of the present invention consists of a 400 mg/l solution in 1 liter CBP thinner. The thinner is a diluent, composed of a mixture of organic solvents derived from petroleum that has been prepared to dissolve or dilute insoluble substances in water, such as paint, oil enamel, etc.
El invento ha sido descrito suficientemente como para que una persona con conocimientos medios en la materia pueda reproducir y obtener los resultados que mencionamos en la presente invención. Sin embargo, cualquier persona hábil en el campo de la técnica que compete al presente invento puede ser capaz de hacer modificaciones no descritas en la presente solicitud, sin embargo, si para la aplicación de estas modificaciones en una estructura determinada o en el proceso de manufactura del mismo, se requiere de la materia reclamada en las siguientes reivindicaciones, dichas estructuras deberán ser comprendidas dentro del alcance de la invención. The invention has been sufficiently described so that a person of ordinary skill in the art could reproduce and obtain the results mentioned in the present invention. However, any skilled person in the technical field that pertains to the present invention may be able to make modifications not described in this application, however, if for the application of these modifications in a given structure or in the manufacturing process of the same, the matter claimed in the following claims is required, said structures should be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S Habiendo Descrito el invento con calidad de habilitación, se considera como una novedad y se reclama por tanto como propiedad lo contenido en las siguientes reivindicaciones. CLAIMS Having described the invention with authorization quality, it is considered as a novelty and therefore what is contained in the following claims is claimed as property.
1. Composición para el sembrado de nubes, caracterizado por comprender una disolución iónica de yoduro de plata en un solvente o mezcla de solventes. 1. Composition for seeding clouds, characterized by comprising an ionic solution of silver iodide in a solvent or mixture of solvents.
2. Composición para el sembrado de nubes, tal y como se reclama en la reivindicación anterior, caracterizada, además, porque el solvente o los solventes son solventes orgánicos. 2. Composition for seeding clouds, as claimed in the preceding claim, further characterized in that the solvent or solvents are organic solvents.
3. Composición para el sembrado de nubes, tal y como se reclama en la reivindicación 1, caracterizada, además, porque el yoduro de plata de plata se encuentra en una concentración de 400 ppm. 3. Composition for seeding clouds, as claimed in claim 1, further characterized in that the silver iodide of silver is found in a concentration of 400 ppm.
4. Composición para el sembrado de nubes, tal y como se reclama en la reivindicación 1, caracterizada, además, porque el solvente es thinner 4. Composition for seeding clouds, as claimed in claim 1, further characterized in that the solvent is a thinner
PCT/MX2022/050042 2021-04-21 2022-05-25 Composition for cloud seeding WO2022225386A1 (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA850537A (en) * 1968-05-15 1970-09-01 A. Power Bernard Cloud seeding
US3545677A (en) * 1968-05-03 1970-12-08 Bernard A Power Method of cloud seeding
US3788543A (en) * 1972-09-14 1974-01-29 Us Navy Uniform size particle generator

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3545677A (en) * 1968-05-03 1970-12-08 Bernard A Power Method of cloud seeding
CA850537A (en) * 1968-05-15 1970-09-01 A. Power Bernard Cloud seeding
US3788543A (en) * 1972-09-14 1974-01-29 Us Navy Uniform size particle generator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
WARNER J., WARNER, TWOMEY: "The Use of Silver Iodide for Seeding Individual Clouds", TELLUS, DK, vol. 8, no. 4, 15 January 1956 (1956-01-15), DK , pages 453 - 459, XP093000129, ISSN: 0040-2826, DOI: 10.3402/tellusa.v8i4.9037 *

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