WO2022224282A1 - Heating device by catalytic combustion emitting infrared rays - Google Patents
Heating device by catalytic combustion emitting infrared rays Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022224282A1 WO2022224282A1 PCT/IT2022/000017 IT2022000017W WO2022224282A1 WO 2022224282 A1 WO2022224282 A1 WO 2022224282A1 IT 2022000017 W IT2022000017 W IT 2022000017W WO 2022224282 A1 WO2022224282 A1 WO 2022224282A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heating device
- heating
- panel
- inductor
- catalyst
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
- F23C13/02—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material characterised by arrangements for starting the operation, e.g. for heating the catalytic material to operating temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/12—Radiant burners
- F23D14/18—Radiant burners using catalysis for flameless combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/13001—Details of catalytic combustors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
- F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
- F23D2203/107—Flame diffusing means coated with catalysts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
Abstract
In a heating device (200) by catalytic combustion, emitting infrared rays and supplied with fuel gas, comprising at least one catalyst or catalytic panel, at least one heating element for catalytic activation, at least one gas duct (50) for the flow and exit of the fuel gas, the heating element is an electromagnetic induction heating element comprising an inductor (70) and an induced element (40), said catalyst element being a catalyst panel (30), said induced element (40) comprising at least one metal grate or grille (40) and said metal grate (40) being outside to and in contact with said catalyst panel (30).
Description
Heating device by catalytic combustion emitting infrared rays.
The present invention relates to a heating device by catalytic combustion, emitting infrared rays and supplied with fuel gas.
Such devices have a number of applications, such as for drying paint applied to vehicles or others.
These devices usually comprise a tray-shaped container element which essentially contains a catalytic or catalytic panel, a heating element for catalytic activation, a gas duct usually arranged in a U-shape or in the form of a coil with holes for the exit of the fuel gas.
The catalyst or catalytic panel is usually made of ceramic fibers containing different metallic materials such as copper, aluminium and various alloys.
The heating element is an electrical resistance supplied by the mains electricity.
In order to start the device, the electrical resistance must first be supplied with power in order to heat it up to the temperature of about 110 °C required to activate, thanks to the catalyst panel, the catalytic reaction of the fuel gas.
The time required to reach this temperature is approximately 15 minutes.
Once the desired temperature has been reached, the gas duct must be supplied with fuel gas, usually methane, butane or LPG (liquefied petroleum gas).
Thanks to the temperature reached in the electrical resistance and in the catalyst panel which is placed in close contact, the catalytic reaction is activated, i.e. a flameless combustion reaction wherein the fuel gas is split down into hydrogen and carbon that combines with oxygen from the air generating water vapour and carbon dioxide.
The catalytic combustion process produces infrared radiation that heat up the objects which are hit.
It is also possible to use several heating devices.
For example, it is possible to mount several devices on an arched support structure that can be fixed or mobile, under which a vehicle can be placed to dry the freshly sprayed paint.
Although these devices have been on the market for several years, they have several drawbacks.
The first drawback is that when the device is switched on, e.g. at the beginning of the i
working day or after it has been switched off, it takes about 15 minutes for the electrical resistance to reach the set temperature so that the catalytic reaction of the fuel gas can take place, which is a considerable amount of time that greatly lengthens the operating time. In addition, during this time the heating device is inactive, so there is an unnecessary and excessive consumption of electrical energy to power the electrical resistance.
A second drawback is that when the heating device is temporarily placed in stand-by mode and, therefore, the gas duct is no longer supplied with fuel gas, it is still necessary to maintain the catalyst panel at a predetermined minimum temperature so that it can then be reactivated in an acceptable time. Therefore, it is necessary to supply the electrical residence at regular intervals with a certain frequency, thus further increasing electricity consumption.
A third drawback is caused by the fact that the electrical resistance has a non- negligible power (usually between 0.6 and 1.1 kW) and therefore needs to be supplied directly from the mains electricity.
This makes it impossible to make transportable a heating device.
Therefore, the aim of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks described with reference to the above-mentioned prior art.
In particular, to make a heating device by catalytic combustion, emitting infrared rays and supplied with fuel gas wherein the time of starting or restarting after it has been switched off is short, so as to reduce the downtime and also the consumption of electric energy.
Furthermore, when the device is no longer temporarily in operation, i.e. it is paused, electricity consumption must be significantly reduced or even completely eliminated. Finally, another aim is to obtain a heating device that does not need to be powered from the mains electricity so that it can be portable.
These and other purposes are achieved with a heating device according to claim 1.
The heating element is an electromagnetic induction heating element which comprises an inductor and an induced element and then it has the characteristic of rapidly reaching the necessary temperature in the catalyst panel to which the catalytic reaction of the fuel gas is activated and takes place.
The time required for ignition is then very short.
This also reduces electricity consumption to a minimum.
Moreover, due to the high reactivity of the induction heating element, during the temporary inactivity of the heating device, the heating element can be switched off thus eliminating consumption for as long as the device remains inactive.
Then, the fact that the catalyst element comprises a catalyst panel, the inducted element includes at least one metal grate or grille and the metal grate is outside and in contact with the catalyst panel, allows for the heating of the catalyst panel and for evenly distributing the heat throughout it.
Preferably the device comprises a first panel of insulating material which is interposed between the induced element namely the metal grate and the inductor, so that the metal grate can reach very high temperatures heating the catalyst panel without, however, transmitting the heat and then heating the inductor thus compromising its function.
Preferably the inductor comprises at least one electric plate, thus making the heating phase of the inducted element very efficient. Advantageously, the heating element is fed by an electrical accumulator.
In this way, it is possible to supply the heating device independently of the presence or absence of the mains electricity and thus make it transportable.
These and other advantages of the present invention will be more evident from the following detailed description, made for illustrative but not limitative purposes, with reference to the following accompanying drawings wherein:
- figure 1 is a perspective view of a heating device according to the invention;
- figure 2 is a sectional view of the heating device of figure 1 ;
- ’figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of the heating device of figure 1 ;
- figure 4 is a perspective view of a heating machine comprising a heating device as illustrated in figures 1, 2 and 3;
- figure 5 is a perspective view of a transportable heating machine comprising a heating device as illustrated in figures 1, 2 and 3.
In figures 1 , 2 and 3 a heating device by catalytic combustion, infrared emission and with fuel gas supply is wholly indicated by reference 200. The heating device 200 comprises a catalyst or catalytic panel 30, an electromagnetic induction heating element and at least one gas duct 50.
The electromagnetic induction heating element comprises an inductor 70 which can be electrically powered and an induced element 40 which is heated by
electromagnetic induction when the inductor 70 is elec rically powered. t
The induced element 40 is outside to and in contact with the catalyst panel 30. Preferably, the induced element 40 comprises at least one metal grate or grille so that heat can be evenly distributed to the catalyst panel 30 when it is heated by powering the inductor 70.
The heating device 200 also comprises a first panel of insulating material 20A interposed between the induced element 40 and the inductor 70.
In this way, despite the high temperatures reached by the induced element 40, thanks to file first panel of insulating material 20A the heat is not transmitted to the inductor 70 thus preventing it from heating up and thus being damaged.
The gas duct 50 is interposed between the first panel of insulating material 20A and the inductor 70.
Preferably, the heating device 200 further comprises a container element 60 interposed between the gas duct 50 and the inductor 70. The gas duct 50 is thus contained within the container element 60 which defines a chamber that is filled with gas as soon as the gas exits from the gas duct 50.
The container element 60 prevents the gas from passing through it, so when the gas exits the gas duct 50 it necessarily passes through the first panel of insulating material 20A, then the metal grate 40 and finally the catalyst panel 30 where the gas catalysis reaction takes place when the catalyst panel 30 has reached the temperature required for the gas catalysis reaction to occur.
So, in summary, starting from the front side, the heating device 200 comprises in sequence the catalyst panel 30, the induced element 40, the first panel of insulating material 20A, the gas duct 50, the container element 60 and the inductor 70. Preferably, the inductor 70 comprises one or more electric plates each comprising at least one spiral-wound electric conductor to be electrically powered, as it will be described below, able to generate an electromagnetic field which by electromagnetic induction heats the induced element 40.
The container element 60 may be for example a metal element shaped like a tray. The gas duct 50 can be shaped in different ways, for example in the form of a “U” or a coil, and it is provided with various holes for the exit of the gas.
The gas duct 50 is provided with a connection 52 in order to be supplied for example by the gas line.
The catalyst panel 30 may be made of different metallic materials such as copper and aluminium or others.
Preferably, the catalyst panel 30 is covered by a second panel of insulating material 20B which in turn may be covered by a grating closure element 10.
Preferably, the inductor 70 is enclosed by a cover 80 :o as to be interposed between the container element 60 and the cover 80.
The heating device 200 may also comprise further elements.
For example, a second catalyst panel could be placed above the second panel of insulating material 20B and a third insulating panel placed above the latter (not shown in the figures).
As illustrated in figure 2, the heating device 200 may farther comprise an electrical power supply unit 100 connected to the inductor 70 for the supplying power.
The electrical power supply unit 100 is provided with a frequency converter which preferably operates with an output frequency between 25.000 Hz and 500.000 Hz.
The power of the electromagnetic induction heating element is very low, and for example may be comprised between 60 and 400 W.
Therefore, it should be noted that compared to conventional electric resistances, the power is greatly reduced thereby significantly limiting electricity consumption.
The heating device 200 further comprises a control unit 110 for the electrical power supply unit 100 so that its operating parameters can be adjusted.
For the operation of the heating device 200, the inductor 70 is first powered by the electrical power supply unit 100, the inductor 70 generates an electromagnetic field which, by means of electromagnetic induction, heats up the induced element 40, namely the grate, which reaches very high temperatures of up to 150 °C. The induced element 40 in turn heats the catalyst panel 30 which then reaches the desired temperature (about 110 °C) required for the catalysis reaction of the fuel gas. However, thanks to the first panel of insulating material 20A, the heat is not transmitted by thermal conduction to the inductor 70, as already specified above.
The gas duct 50 is then supplied via connection 52 with fuel gas which may be methane, butane or LPG. At this point, thanks to the catalyst panel 30, the catalytic reaction of the fuel gas takes place and then the emission of infrared ray occurred. The time taken for the catalyst panel 30 to reach the required temperature is very short, no more than about 2 minutes which is much less than the time required by a
* traditional electric resistance wherein the time is about 15 minutes.
Therefore, whenever the device has to be started up, e.g. at the beginning of the working day or after a stoppage, the heating time is reduced thus also limiting the power consumption. In addition, during short stoppages or stand-by periods when the device is switched on but not in use, the electromagnetic induction heating element does not need to be activated periodically to maintain its temperature, as in the case with electrical resistances, but it can be switched off completely thus saving even more energy.
In summary, thanks to the fact thai: - the power of the electromagnetic induction heating element is low,
- the time required by the electromagnetic induction heating element and then by the catalyst panel 3G to reach the desired temperature is short,
- the electromagnetic induction heating element is not powered during stoppages and stand-by, the saving in terms of electricity consumption is considerable.
Figure 4 illustrates a heating machine 300 containing more heating devices 200 of the above-described type.
The heating machine 300 comprises a supporting structure 310, in the form of an arch or gantry, on which more heating devices 200 are mounted. The machine may be used to dry paint applied to vehicles or others.
The gantry may be provided with handling means, not illustrated in the figures, in order to dry the paint of the entire vehicle.
Alternatively, the gantry can also be fixed in which case the vehicle is moved to get all the paint dried. The machine can also take on different configurations, such as column, tunnel or others.
Finally, figure 5 shows a transportable heating machine 400 comprising a wheeled structure 410 on which at least one heating device 200 is mounted. More than one heating device 200 may also be mounted, for example two devices as illustrated in figure 5.
In fact, it should be noted that the electrical power supply unit 100, due to its low electrical power, not only can be powered from the mains electricity, but can also be powered by an electrical accumulator, so that the heating device 200 is independent
of the mains electricity.
In fact, the transportable machine 400 is also provided with an electrical accumulator 420 which supplies the electromagnetic induction heating element and a gas cylinder 430 for supplying the gas duct 50 of the heating device 200.
Moreover, due to the low power requirement of the electromagnetic induction heating element, as an alternative or in addition to the electrical accumulator 420, the electrical power supply unit 100 can also be powered by one or more photovoltaic panels (not shown in the figures).
Finally, it is clear that any changes or variations which are conceptually or functionally equivalent fall within the scope of the present invention.
For example, the heating device 200 may comprise a signal transmission unit connected to said control unit 110 for remote control of the· heating device.
The signal transmission may be occurred via wireless technology, such as Bluetooth, WiFi or otherwise. Thus, it is possible to start or switch off or adjust the operating parameters of the heating device even remotely, for example using a computer, a smartphone or a tablet.
Claims
1. A heating device (200) by catalytic combustion, emitting infraied rays and supplied with fuel gas, comprising at least one catalyst or catalytic element, at least one heating element for catalytic activation, at least one gas duct (50) for the flow and exit of the fuel gas, characterized in that said at least one heating element is an electromagnetic induction heating element comprising an inductor (70) and an induced element (40), said catalyst or catalytic element being a catalyst panel (30), said induced element (40) comprising at least one metal grate or grille (40) and said metal grate (40) being outside to and in contact with said catalyst panel (30).
2. Heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a first panel of insulating material (20A), said first panel of insulating material (20A) being interposed between said at least one metal grate (40) and said inductor (70).
3. Heating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a container element (60) interposed between said first insulating panel (20A) and said inductor (70), said gas duct (50) being interposed between said first insulating panel (20A) and said container element (60).
4. Heating device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said inductor (70) comprises at least one electric plate (70).
5. Heating device according to claim 4, characterized by the fact said at least one electric plate (70) comprises at least one electrical conductor able to generate an electromagnetic field which by electromagnetic induction heats the induced element (40).
6.1 Heating device according to any of previous claims, characterized in that it comprises an electrical power supply unit (100) for supplying power to said inductor (70).
7. Heating device according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a control unit (110) for said electrical power supply unit (100) for monitoring and controlling the operating parameters of the device.
8. Heating device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that said electrical power supply unit (100) comprises a frequency converter.
9. Heating device according to claim 8, characterized in that said frequency
converter operates with an output frequency between 25.000 Hz and 500.000 Hz.
10. Heating device according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that it comprises at least an electric accumulator (420) able to supply said electrical power supply unit (100) so as to make the heating device (200) independent from the power supply of the mains electricity.
11. Heating device according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that it comprises photovoltaic panels able to supply said electrical power supply unit (100) so as to make the heating device (200) independent from the mains electricity.
12. Heating device according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a signal transmission unit connected to said control unit (110) for remotely monitoring and controlling the heating device (200).
13. Heating machine (300) characterized in that it comprises a load bearing structure which supports two or more heating devices (200) according to any one of the previous claims mounted on said load bearing structure.
14. Heating machine (400) according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises at least one electrical accumulator (420) so as to be independent from the mains electricity and thus making the machine transportable.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT102021000010343 | 2021-04-23 | ||
| IT102021000010343A IT202100010343A1 (en) | 2021-04-23 | 2021-04-23 | HEATING DEVICE BY CATALYTIC COMBUSTION BY EMISSION OF INFRARED RAYS. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2022224282A1 true WO2022224282A1 (en) | 2022-10-27 |
Family
ID=77126920
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IT2022/000017 WO2022224282A1 (en) | 2021-04-23 | 2022-04-14 | Heating device by catalytic combustion emitting infrared rays |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| IT (1) | IT202100010343A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022224282A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3057400A (en) * | 1954-11-12 | 1962-10-09 | Fireless Gas Heater Corp | Glow burner for fuel-air mixture |
| US3784353A (en) * | 1972-01-28 | 1974-01-08 | G Chapurin | Flameless gas catalytic heater |
| US5235667A (en) * | 1991-05-24 | 1993-08-10 | Casso-Solar Corp. | Heating method and assembly utilizing electric heating elements in conjunction with combustion |
| US20030082493A1 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2003-05-01 | Cessac Kevin J. | Low power starter for catalytic heaters |
| JP2010024910A (en) * | 2008-07-17 | 2010-02-04 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Exhaust emission control device |
| US20150075137A1 (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-19 | Robin Crawford | Catalytic converter structures with induction heating |
-
2021
- 2021-04-23 IT IT102021000010343A patent/IT202100010343A1/en unknown
-
2022
- 2022-04-14 WO PCT/IT2022/000017 patent/WO2022224282A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3057400A (en) * | 1954-11-12 | 1962-10-09 | Fireless Gas Heater Corp | Glow burner for fuel-air mixture |
| US3784353A (en) * | 1972-01-28 | 1974-01-08 | G Chapurin | Flameless gas catalytic heater |
| US5235667A (en) * | 1991-05-24 | 1993-08-10 | Casso-Solar Corp. | Heating method and assembly utilizing electric heating elements in conjunction with combustion |
| US20030082493A1 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2003-05-01 | Cessac Kevin J. | Low power starter for catalytic heaters |
| JP2010024910A (en) * | 2008-07-17 | 2010-02-04 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Exhaust emission control device |
| US20150075137A1 (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-19 | Robin Crawford | Catalytic converter structures with induction heating |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT202100010343A1 (en) | 2022-10-23 |
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