WO2022221780A2 - Solutions for solvent swelling and solvent bonding - Google Patents
Solutions for solvent swelling and solvent bonding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022221780A2 WO2022221780A2 PCT/US2022/026487 US2022026487W WO2022221780A2 WO 2022221780 A2 WO2022221780 A2 WO 2022221780A2 US 2022026487 W US2022026487 W US 2022026487W WO 2022221780 A2 WO2022221780 A2 WO 2022221780A2
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- swelling
- polymeric
- volume
- solvent solution
- solvent
- Prior art date
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical class CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical class CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 n- Heptane Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 43
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000002485 urinary effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical class CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005414 inactive ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012503 blood component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006664 bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002681 hypalon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940127554 medical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002207 retinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003786 sclera Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/02—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances with solvents, e.g. swelling agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4895—Solvent bonding, i.e. the surfaces of the parts to be joined being treated with solvents, swelling or softening agents, without adhesives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
- B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
- B29C66/746—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29C66/742 - B29C66/744
- B29C66/7465—Glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/12—Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives
- C08J5/122—Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives using low molecular chemically inert solvents, swelling or softening agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
- C09J5/02—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers involving pretreatment of the surfaces to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
- B29L2023/005—Hoses, i.e. flexible
- B29L2023/007—Medical tubes other than catheters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
- B29L2031/7542—Catheters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2400/00—Presence of inorganic and organic materials
- C09J2400/20—Presence of organic materials
- C09J2400/22—Presence of unspecified polymer
- C09J2400/228—Presence of unspecified polymer in the pretreated surface to be joined
Definitions
- This disclosure relates generally to solvent mixtures for swelling and bonding polymeric substances — such as silicone, polyurethane, and polyvinylchloride (“PVC”) — for use in facilitating the connection of polymeric parts to other parts.
- polymeric substances such as silicone, polyurethane, and polyvinylchloride (“PVC”) — for use in facilitating the connection of polymeric parts to other parts.
- PVC polyvinylchloride
- thermosetting polymers cannot be re-melted and re-shaped, whereas thermoplastic polymers can be re-melted and re-shaped.
- Thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers are characteristic for their ability to undergo solvent swelling.
- PVC polyvinyl styrene foam
- tubing is used for blood taking and blood giving sets, catheters, heart-lung bypass sets, and hemodialysis sets.
- PVC tubing has several characteristics that present challenges related to connecting it to rigid parts. These characteristics include its inability to expand or stretch without mechanical or chemical assistance, its tacky surface with a high coefficient of friction, and its rigidity. These properties make it difficult to slide a PVC tube onto a fitting. Forcing PVC tubing onto fittings can result in wasted time, damaged assemblies, or poor reliability of the connection. In some cases, the connection may not even be possible.
- Swelling agents are one effective way to facilitate attachment of PVC parts to other PVC parts or to other hard plastic or metal parts. Swelling agents are solvents or solvent blends that are absorbed relatively quickly into the material. Upon absorption of the swelling solvent (or solvent blend), the polymer is expanded to a desired dimension.
- Silicone and polyurethane tubing and parts are used in similar applications as PVC tubing and parts. Silicone and polyurethane may have even wider use than PVC due to several desirable characteristics. These include reliable mechanical properties (e.g., strength and toughness), material purity, chemical inertness, biological inactivity, and tolerance to high temperature and radiation (desirable for sterilization). Silicone and polyurethane are generally considered to be elastomeric polymers. Therefore, materials made from silicone and polyurethane are generally less rigid than comparable PVC materials.
- Silicone and polyurethane materials also present similar challenges to PVC when connecting them to rigid parts. Silicone and polyurethane surfaces both have high coefficients of friction. This causes difficulties, for example, in attaching silicone and polyurethane tubing to fittings (e.g., sliding a tube over a barbed fitting or fitting whose outer diameter (“OD”) is larger than the inner diameter (“ID”) of the tube).
- swelling agents are one effective way to facilitate attachment of silicone and polyurethane parts to each other or to other hard plastic or metal parts.
- swelling agents facilitate fitting silicone or polyurethane tubing to a fitting by: (1) enlarging the ID and OD of the tube; (2) softening the tube so that it stretches easily; and (3) lubricating the surface of the tube.
- certain connections may be very difficult or even impossible. Forcing silicone or polyurethane parts together can result in wasted time, damaged assemblies, or poor reliability of the connection. In some cases, the connection may not even be possible.
- Solvent bonding is another technique employed in attaching polymer tubing and parts together. This process is also known as solvent welding. Solvent bonding involves temporarily softening and dissolving the molecules on the polymers’ surfaces. As the polymers are dissolved, these surface molecules mix together. A permanent seal is formed as the solvent evaporates.
- Rotary press heat sealing and radio-frequency (“RF”) welding are other commonly used techniques for bonding polymeric materials. However, certain materials and shapes are not easily bonded with these techniques. Product fabrication of medical products, for example, commonly presents challenges with using rotary press heat sealing and RF welding.
- Solvent bonding can be used to seal a variety of material combinations. Examples include, but are not limited to, synthetic rubbers (e.g., Hypalon) to polyurethane, PVC to PVC, PVC to polyurethane, along with other combinations of natural and synthetic rubbers.
- synthetic rubbers e.g., Hypalon
- PVC cements are solvent bonding solutions used in the plumbing and construction industries. These solutions are generally blends of cyclohexanone, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (“MEK”), tetrahydrofuran (“THF), PVC resin, and silica. Dyes are also included in some PVC cements.
- Solvent bonding is also commonly used in medical device fabrication.
- Medical containment bags are one example. Medical containment bags generally include an inlet for air intake or fluid transfer. Solvent bonding may be employed to securely attach polymer tubing to the inlet fitting on the bag’s surface. More specifically, the polymer tubing is submerged in a suitable solvent (e.g., cyclohexanone, MEK, THF, or ethyl acetate) to dissolve the material on the tube’s surface. The tube is then securely placed on the polymer fitting while the surface molecules on the inside of the tube are still dissolved. Residual solvent transferred with the tubing subsequently dissolves the fitting’s surface molecules, allowing the dissolved tubing and fitting materials to mix together. Once the solvent completely evaporates, a permanent seal forms between both the fitting and the tube.
- a suitable solvent e.g., cyclohexanone, MEK, THF, or ethyl acetate
- Solvent blends may also be used as a way to customize bonding solvent properties to meet particular process compatibility needs. For example, certain solvents that have desirable properties for solvent bonding (e.g., cyclohexanone) can damage other parts of the piece that is being fabricated if spilled.
- highly active solvents such as cyclohexanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and methyl ethyl ketone are blended with less active solvents such as heptane isomers, octane isomers, and other light (C6 - C9) aliphatic hydrocarbons (linear, branched and cyclic).
- slower evaporating solvents such as cyclohexanone may be blended with faster evaporating solvents like n-heptane, heptane isomers, THF, MEK, or acetone.
- a swelling solvent solution comprises between 5 % and 95 % by volume n-Octane.
- the swelling solvent solution may further comprise between 5 % and 95 % by volume of a heptane isomer such as n-Heptane.
- the swelling solvent solution may further comprise between 5 % and 95 % by volume of a nonane isomer such as n-Nonane.
- the amount of the n-Octane, the heptane isomer, and the nonane isomer may be selected based on the desired swelling time for a particular application.
- a bonding solvent solution may comprise between 2 % and 98 % by volume of one or more of the following: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), heptane, octane, nonane, isohexane, and tetrahydrofuran (THF); and between 2 % and 98 % by volume cyclohexanone.
- MEK methyl ethyl ketone
- heptane heptane
- octane nonane
- isohexane tetrahydrofuran
- cyclohexanone may be selected based on the intended application.
- a method for swelling and attaching a polymeric part may comprise providing a polymeric part; placing the polymeric part in a swelling solvent solution comprising between 5 % and 95 % by volume n-Octane to swell the polymeric part; and attaching the polymeric part to a second part.
- This method may further comprise repeating the providing, placing, and attaching in order to swell and attach a plurality of polymeric parts.
- a method for bonding a polymeric part may comprise providing a polymeric part; applying a bonding solvent solution to a surface of the polymeric part; and bonding the polymeric part to a second part.
- the bonding solvent solution may comprise between 2 % and 98 % by volume of one or more of the following: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), heptane, octane, nonane, isohexane, and tetrahydrofuran (THF); and between 2 % and 98 % by volume cyclohexanone.
- the method may further comprise repeating the providing, placing, and attaching in order to bond and attach a plurality of polymeric parts.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example method for solvent swelling in accordance with aspects of this disclosure
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example method for solvent bonding in accordance with aspects of this disclosure.
- Parts and tubing made from thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers may be desirable for fabricating devices (e.g., medical devices).
- devices e.g., medical devices.
- attaching rigid polymeric parts and tubing can be challenging or sometimes impossible.
- Solvent swelling solutions can address this problem, but those that are currently available suffer from limited swelling time.
- a swelling solvent solution according to the present disclosure may comprise between 5 % and 95 % by volume n-Octane.
- the swelling solvent solution could comprise 5 %, 10 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, or 95 % by volume n-Octane, such as 70 to 90 % by volume or approximately 80 % by volume n-Octane.
- a part made of a polymer material (such as polymeric tubing) may be placed in the swelling solvent solution in order to swell the polymer material and make it easier to attach the part to another part.
- Blending n-Octane and a heptane isomer may be advantageous in order to fine tune the properties of the swelling solvent solution.
- a heptane isomer such as n-Heptane
- increasing the percent composition by volume of the heptane isomer relative to n-Octane may decrease the time that the polymer material remains swollen after removal from the swelling solvent solution.
- increasing the percent composition by volume of n-Octane relative to the heptane isomer may increase the time that the polymer material remains swollen.
- a longer swelling time may be desirable as a means to increase efficiency.
- longer swelling times be useful for a fabrication process comprising multiple steps and parts.
- multiple polymer parts or tubing can be swollen at the same time. Each part or tube that has been swollen can then be attached during the time all of the parts or tubing remain swollen. If the swelling time is too short, such a process may not be possible since the material will return to its original size before every part or tube can be attached.
- the swelling solvent solution may further comprise between 0 % and 95 % or between 5 % and 95 % of a heptane isomer (such as n-Heptane).
- the swelling solvent solution may further comprise between 0 % and 95 % or between 5 % and 95 % of a nonane isomer (such as n-Nonane).
- the swelling solvent solution may further comprise 5 %, 10 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, or 95 % by volume of a heptane isomer or a nonane isomer (or both).
- Blending n-Octane, a heptane isomer, and a nonane isomer may be advantageous in order to fine tune the properties of the swelling solvent.
- increasing the percent composition by volume of the nonane isomer relative to the other solvents may increase the time that the polymer material remains swollen.
- increasing the percent composition by volume of n-Octane and the heptane isomer relative to the nonane isomer may decrease the time that the polymer material remains swollen.
- the desired swelling time may change depending on the intended application.
- the swelling solvent solution may further comprise between 0 % and 95 % or between 5 % and 95 % other similar hydrocarbons, including a hexane isomer (such as n-Hexane) and a pentane isomer (such as n-Pentane).
- the swelling solvent solution may further comprise 5 %, 10 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, or 95 % by volume of these other similar hydrocarbons.
- the swelling solvent solution may further comprise additional diluents or inactive ingredients (such as other hydrocarbons) to change the strength of the solution.
- the swelling solvent solution may be purified prior to being added to the swelling solvent solution.
- Each solvent may be purified using suitable methods, such as extraction, distillation, and azeotropic distillation.
- the swelling solvent solution may be further modified according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example method 100 for swelling a polymeric part.
- This example method involves providing a polymeric part 101, then placing the polymeric part in a swelling solvent solution to swell the polymeric part 102.
- the swelling solvent solution comprises between 5 % and 95 % by volume n-Octane and between 5 % and 95 % by volume of a heptane isomer such as n- Heptane.
- the amount of the n-Octane and the heptane isomer is selected based on the desired swelling time for a particular application.
- the method may then involve attaching the polymeric part to another part 103.
- the polymeric part may be attached to another polymeric part or a non-polymeric (such as a glass or metal) part.
- the method may be repeated to swell a plurality of parts 104. Further swelling of polymeric parts may take place either before or after attaching the polymeric part (or plurality of polymeric parts) 103. That is, one may swell a plurality of polymeric parts before assembling the polymeric parts, or swell and assemble the polymeric parts one after the other. It may be possible, and advantageous, to swell a plurality of polymeric parts and assemble the plurality of polymeric parts while they are each still swollen.
- a bonding solvent solution according to the present disclosure may comprise between 2 % and 98 % by volume of one or more of the following: acetone, MEK, heptane, octane, nonane, isohexane, and THF; and between 2 % and 98 % by volume cyclohexanone.
- the bonding solvent solution may comprise 15 % to 25 % or approximately 20 % by volume cyclohexanone.
- the bonding solvent solution may further comprise 75 % to 85 % or approximately 80 % by volume heptane.
- the bonding solvent solution may further comprise 2 % to 98 % by volume methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK).
- composition by volume of each solvent in the bonding solvent solution according to the present disclosure may be adjusted within the ranges disclosed above.
- the desired blend may change depending on the intended application.
- the solvent compositions may be selected in order to achieve a particular evaporation rate. The evaporation rate can impact both the speed and the effectiveness of the bonding process.
- the solvent compositions may also be selected to optimize for the solubility of a polymer (or multiple polymers) that is (or are) being bonded. Since solvent bonding works by dissolving the surface molecules of the polymer parts or tubes that are being bonded, the solubility of those polymers in the solvent blend has a significant impact on the bonding process.
- Solvent bonding solutions may also need to be adjusted to optimize for process compatibility issues.
- the composition of certain solvents e.g., cyclohexanone
- the bonding solvent solution may be further modified according to the present disclosure.
- the bonding solvent solution may further comprise additional diluents or inactive ingredients (such as other hydrocarbons) to change the strength of the solution.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example method 200 for bonding a polymeric part.
- This example method involves providing a polymeric part 201, then applying a bonding solvent solution to a surface of the polymeric part 202.
- the bonding solvent solution comprises between 2 % and 98 % by volume of one or more of the following: acetone, MEK, heptane, octane, nonane, isohexane, and THF; and between 2 % and 98 % by volume cyclohexanone.
- the amount of acetone, MEK, heptane, octane, nonane, isohexane, tetrahydrofuran, and cyclohexanone, is selected based on the intended application.
- the method may then involve bonding the polymeric part to another part 203.
- the polymeric part may be bonded to another polymeric part or, where feasible, a non-polymeric (such as a glass or metal) part.
- the method may be repeated to bond a plurality of parts 204. Further bonding of polymeric parts may take place either before or after attaching the polymeric part (or plurality of polymeric parts) 203.
- Example 1 swelling solvent
- a swelling solvent solution may be used to attach an infusion line for surgeries.
- a metal port (cannula) is inserted in the sclera of the patient’ s eye.
- the end of the metal port or fitting opposite of the sharp insertion cannula may be inserted into the end of a silicone tube.
- the silicone tube is used to deliver the saline.
- a swelling solvent (n-octane) according to the present disclosure may be used to enlarge one end of the silicone tube so the fitting can be inserted.
- a solution of 80% n-octane, 20% n- heptane provides a more efficient assembly by allowing for a longer open working time versus solutions that are 100% n-heptane or 80% n-heptane, 20% octane.
- Example 2 bonding solvent.
- a bonding solvent solution may be used to attach tubes for a urinary drainage bag.
- the urinary drainage bag collects urine from a patient fitted with a Foley (urinary) catheter and stores it for later disposal.
- the catheter may connect to a urinary drainage bag via a flexible PVC tube.
- the flexible PVC tube may connect to entry and exit ports that are also made of PVC. Indeed, the urinary drainage bag, port fixtures (in and out), and tubes may each be made of PVC.
- a bonding solvent solution according to the present disclosure may be used to permanently fuse the flexible PVC tube to a more rigid PVC entry port on the urinary drainage bag.
- the urinary drainage bag also has a semi-rigid PVC exit or drainage port which is fused to a PVC tube using a bonding solvent solution.
- a bonding swelling solution may be used to help facilitate a removable connection (i.e., so a flexible PVC tube may be attached to a rigid or semi-rigid PVC entry port but can later be removed).
- cyclohexanone Diluting the cyclohexanone to, for example, 70% cyclohexanone and 30% n-octane (with weaker solvent (n-octane)) prevents damage to the thin PVC of the bag when the solvent comes into contact with the bag without reducing the bonding effect of the cyclohexanone between the PVC fitting and tube.
Abstract
Description
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